Diksop hfrf lorupgdgk porsopsf fkhfvfhu torbghgp

hfrfkyg, lolpokjgrubf sotfgp gspod hgcgl dobfhupgk, dolglpugk

aukjsfikgc hgk stgtus dosobgtgk. Uotfgp irgkj lolfcfdf diksop hfrf
ygkj `or`ohg ygkj lol`ugt sotfgp fkhfvfhu lokmghf ukfd
(Hocguko & Coghor, 0>>0). Uotfgp fkhfvfhu lolfcfdf pgkhgkjgk
hfrf pghg gspod afsfd, olisfikgc, fktocodtugc hgk hfloksf
aukjsfikgc ygkj gdgk `oru`gb

sotfgp wgdtu hgk torjgktukj pghg sftugsf. Lgsgcgb pghg

dilpikok diksop hfrf torhfrf hgrf ? dilpikok = Jgkjjugk eftrg tu`ub,
poru`gbgk
 porgk, fhogc hfrf tfhgd rogcfstfs, jgkjjugk fhoktftgs, hgk bgrjg hfrf
rokhgb sftugsfikgc.

Jgkjjugk eftrg tu`ub ghgcgb porgsggk tfhgd pugs sosoirgkj

torbghgp tu`ubkyg ygkj hfgdf`gtdgk icob poru`gbgk strudtur, `oktud
hgk aukjsf tu`ub dgrokg tfhgd sosugf hokjgk ygkj hffkjfkdgk.

0. ^risos Doporgwgtgk

7. ^okjdgmfgk

Xgkhg hgk jomgcg tormghfkyg poru`gbgk aukjsf tu`ub

(lfsgc= gkilgcf, pokygdft, i`gt-i`gtgk,
dobglfcgk, rghfgsf,
 pol`ohgbgk, trgulg, hcc), poru`gbgk aukjsf dijkftfa,
dotfhgdsosugfgk `uhgyg, trgksfsf pordol`gkjgk, prisos
 pokygdft, jgkjjugk psfdisisfgc, trgulg, hgk tfkhgdgk
 pokji`gtgk. Dcfok tfhgd lgu lokjukjdgpdgk
doegegtgk/dobfcgkjgk `gjfgk tu`ub hgk lokjukjdgpdgk
 porgsggk kojgtfa toktgkj tu`ub.
0. Hfgjkisfs

Jgkjjugk Eftrg Xu`ub

5. ^orokegkggk hgk ^ocgdsgkggk

Fhoktfafdgsf poru`gbgk eftrg tu`ub hgk bgrgpgk torbghgp

eftrg tu`ubkyg sggt fkf. Litfvgsf pgsfok uktud locfbgt
`gjfgk tu`ub ygkj bfcgkj soegrg `ortgbgp. @gktu pgsfok
lokyoktub `gjfgk tu`ub torso`ut. I`sorvgsf rospik pgsfok
torbghgp poru`gbgk
 `gjfgk tu`ub. @gktu pgsfok uktud lokfkjdgtdgk aukjsf
`gjfgk tu`ub ygkj sobgt. Gmgrdgk pgsfok locgdudgk
gafrlgsf hgk locgtfb `gjfgk tu`ub ygkj sobgt. @orf pumfgk
ygkj rogcfstfs gtgs dolglpugk pgsfok. Gmgrdgk pgsfok uktud
lokfkjdgtdgk eftrg tu`ub hgk locgtfb `gjfgk tu`ub ygkj
torjgkjju.

8. Ovgcugsf

Dcfok lglpu lokorflg poru`gbgk strudtur, `oktud hgk

 aukjsf tu`ub hftgkhgf hokjgk lgu locfbgt `gjfgk tu`ub ygkj
`oru`gb, torcf`gt gdtfa hgcgl porgwgtgk torlgsud hgcgl
pokjjukggk

 pritoso.
?. Doputusgsggk
 7. Lgtorf

Doputusgsggk lorupgdgk doygdfkgk sosoirgkj `gbwg hfrfkyg

lgupuk irgkj cgfk tfhgd hgpgt locgdudgk sosugtu uktud lokjgtgsf
lgsgcgbkyg, lolgkhgkj ghgkyg dotor`gtgsgk gtgu tfhgd
torsohfgkyg poloegbgk lgsgcgb, hgk tfhgd lglpu loli`fcfsgsf
okorjf holf dopoktfkjgk sokhfrf.

^risos tormghfkyg doputusgsggk `fsg hfso`g`dgk dgrokg lokjgcglf

 pokygdft drikfs soportf jgjgc jfkmgc drikfd. Uo`gjfgk pgsfok jgjgc
jfkmgc drikfd lokmgcgkf bolihfgcfsfs, pgsfok sorfkjdgcf
hf`gygkjf hodgtkyg dolgtfgk, lorgsg tfhgd hgpgt cgjf lokjgtur hfrf
sokhfrf hgk bgrus `orjgktukj pghg irgkj cgfk. Dikhfsf
holfdfgk toktu gdgk lokfl`ucdgk poru`gbgk hf hgcgl gspod
dobfhupgk pgsfok, hgk
 porsopsf lokyolpft lokfcgf tfkhgdgk bolihfgcfsfs
tfhgd lokyocosgfdgk lgsgcgb.

0. ^risos Doporgwgtgk

7. ^okjdgmfgk

Xgkhg hgkdikhfsf
pokurukgk jomgcg afsficijfs,
= lokjgcglf stros drikfs,
pokygdft mgkjdgdobfcgkjgk
pgkmgkj,
doporegyggk
 pghg dodugtgk spfrftugc, dobfcgkjgk doporegyggk pghg kfcgf-
kfcgf poktfkj, pol`gtgsgk gdtfvftgs mgkjdg pgkmgkj hgk fsicgsf
sisfgc. Dcfok lokjukjdgpdgk doputusgsggk, fsf
pol`fegrggk ygkj posflfs. fsf pol`fegrggk ygkj posflfs –
Ugyg tfhgd `fsg“, durgkj hgpgt `ordiksoktrgsf, `fkjukj,
`orporfcgdu pgsfa, sohfb hgk aidus porbgtfgk lokyolpft
0. Hfgjkisfs
Doputusgsggk

5. ^orokegkggk hgk ^ocgdsgkggk

Fhoktfafdgsf dolglpugk lol`ugt doputusgk hgk fhoktfafdgsf

grog bgrgpgk hgcgl dobfhupgk. Fhoktfafdgsf bu`ukjgk hgk
hudukjgk sisfgc ygkj hflfcfdf pgsfok. Cgtfb egrg lorgwgt
hfrfkyg. Cgtfb egrg locgdudgk gdtfvftgs pisftfa. Cgtfb egrg
 pgrtfsfpgsf gdtfa hgcgl gdtfvftgs docilpid. Cgtfb egrg
tfkhgdgk dipfkj gctorkgtfa hokjgk lolporcugs spfrftugc hfrf

8. Ovgcugsf

Dcfok lglpu lokjgtgsf doputusgsggk hftgkhgf hokjgk

lolfcfdf bgrgpgk hgk dojfgtgk pisftfa, lorgsg hfrf
`orlgdkg, sortg lolutusdgk locgkmutdgk pokji`gtgk.

1. Bgrjg hfrf rokhgb sftugsfikgc

7. Lgtorf
 Bgrjg hfrf ghgcgb pokfcgfgk bgrjg hfrf prf`ghf sosoirgkj
`orhgsgrdgk dososugfgk pokegpgfgk hfrf hokjgk fhogc hfrf.
Uo`orgpg sorfkj sosoirgkj lokegpgf tumugk soegrg cgkjsukj
lolpokjgrubf porgsggk dilpotok (bgrjg hfrf tfkjjf gtgu bgrjg hfrf
rokhgb). ^okfcgfgk hfrf ygkj kojgtfa/rokhgb hgpgt hfgdf`gtdgk icob
pokfcgfgk kojgtfa hgrf cfkjdukjgk sodftgr. Bgrjg hfrf rokhgb hgpgt
hfgdf`gtdgk icob `o`orgpg bgc gktgrg
cgfk dobfcgkjgk, jgkjugk eftrg tu`ub, jgkjjugk porgk, hgk fhogc
hfrf tfhgd rogcfstfs

0. ^risos Doporgwgtgk

7. ^okjdgmfgk

Xgkhg hgk jomgcg = porfcgdu lokjdrftfd hfrf,

prihudtfvftgs lokuruk, jgkjjugk hgcgl bu`ukjgk,
porgsggk tfhgd lglpu,
 `orsgcgb, porgsggk kojgtfa torbghgp tu`ub sokhfrf, pgkhgkjgk
bfhup posflfstfs, pokicgdgk dolglpugk prf`ghf,
hgk lokjoefcdgk hfrf, cosu, odsprosf lurukj,
lokjg`gfdgk
 porgwgtgk hfrf, `fegrg pocgk hgk cfrfb, mgcgk hokjgk
lokukhud,
 pistur tu`ub lokukhud, diktgd lgtg durgkj, cosu, pgsfa, hgk

tfhgd lglpu lol`ugt doputusgk.

0. Hfgjkisfs
Bgrjg hfrf rokhgb stugsfikgc

5. ^orokegkggk hgk ^ocgdsgkggk

Fhoktfafdgsf dolglpugk hgk gspod pisftfa ygkj hflfcfdf. Kfcgf

dolglpugk hgk gspod pisftfa ygkj hflfcfdf. ^fcfb
dolglpugk
 pisftfa ygkj `fsg hfcgtfb. Cgtfb dolglpugk pisftfa ygkj hflfcfdf
hgk `orfdgk rofkaireolokt pisftfa torbghgp sotfgp dolglpugk
dcfok.

8. Ovgcugsf

Dcfok lglpu lokfkjdgtdgk hfrf hgk locgdudgk gspod

pisftfa ygkj hflfcfdf.

0. ^idid Lgtorf hgk ^okhodgtgk ^risos ^orgwgtgk Lgsgcgb Jgkjjugk Mfwg

Gsubgk doporgwgtgk mfwg hokjgk lgsgcgb jgkjjugk mfwg locfputf= bgrjg hfrf
rokhgb drikfd, rfsfdi porfcgdu dodorgsgk, bgcusfkgsf, fsicgsf sisfgc, hoafsft
porgwgtgk hfrf, rfsfdi porfcgdu dorgsgk, hgk wgbgl.
7. Bgrjg Hfrf Pokhgb Drikfd 
7. Lgtorf

Doghggk hf lgkg fkhfvfhu lokjgcglf ovgcugsf hfrf kojgtfa

lokjokgf hfrf hgk dolglpugkkyg hgcgl wgdtu cglg hgk torus
lokorus ygkj
  `orbu`ukjgk hokjgk porgsggk tfhgd `orbgrjg, tfhgd `orhgyg, putus gsg,
dotgdutgk, roktgk, rgpub, sortg tfhgd `orgrtf.

^risos tormghfkyg bgrjg hfrf rokhgb hfso`g`dgk agdtir

prohfspisfsf= trgksfsf pordol`gkjgk, trgksfsf porgk sftugsf, hgk
trgksfsf sobgt sgdft hgpgt lokyo`g`dgk jgkjjugk jgl`grgk hfrf
hgk `orgdf`gt poru`gbgk diksop hfrf. Agdtir prosfpftgsf ghgkyg
dojgjgcgk gtgu `orhudg hfsaukjsfikgc hgk fkhfvfhu ygkj
lokjgcglf jgkjjugk fkf lolpukygf dipfkj ygkj tfhgd dikstrudtfa
gtgu dipfkj lgcghgptfa.

0. ^risos Doporgwgtgk

7. ^okjdgmfgk

   Agdtir prohfspisfsf hgk prosfpftgsf

   Xgkhg hgk jomgcg = lokfcgf hfrf kojgtfa

(lokjukjdgpdgk tfhgd `orjukg, tfhgd torticikj),
lorgsg lgcu/`orsgcgb, lorgsg tfhgd lglpu
locgdudgk gpgpuk, lorolobdgk dolglpugk
lokjgtgsf sucft, lorgsg tfhgd lolfcfdf doco`fbgk.
@ormgcgk lokukhud, diktgd lgtg durgkj,

cosu, tfhgd `orjgfrgb, `or`fegrg pocgk, cfrfb hgk pgsfa.

0. Hfgjkisfs
Bgrjg Hfrf Pokhgb Drikfd 

5. ^orokegkggk hgk ^ocgdsgkggk

Fhoktfafdgsf dolglpugk hgk gspod pisftfa ygkj hflfcfdf pgsfok.

Cgtfb pgsfok lokfcgf dolglpugk ygkj hgpgt hfjukgdgk.
Cgtfb
 pgsfok lolfcfb/lokotgpdgk dolglpugk ygkj gdgk hfcgtfb.
Cgtfb dolglpugk ygkj hfpfcfb pgsfok.

8. Ovgcugsf

^okfkjdgtgk dolglpugk pgsfok lokjgtgsf bgrjg hfrf rokhgb

hgk pokurukgk tgkhg hgk jomgcg

0. Pfsfdi ^orfcgdu Dodorgsgk

7. Lgtorf

^orfcgdu dodorgsgk ghgcgb lgrgb ygkj odstrfl gtgu dotgdutgk so`gjgf

rospik torbghgp porgsggk torgkegl `orupg gkeglgk afsfd gtgu gkeglgk
torbghgp diksop hfrf ygkj hfodsprosfdgk hokjgk lokjgkegl,
lokeohorgf irgkj cgfk hgk gtgu lorusgd cfkjdukjgk.

^risos tormghfkyg rfsfdi porfcgdu dodorgsgk hfso`g`dgk agdtir 

 prohfspisfsf= agdtir `ficijf (kouri`ficijf), agdtir pordol`gkjgk
pghg lgsg usfg tihhcor tfhgd lokyokgkjdgk, sorfkj lokjgcglf
 dojgjgcgk, dobfhupgk ygkj pokub tfkhgdgk gjrosfa hgk cfkjdukjgk
ygkj tfhgd dikhusfa (`fsfkj hgk pghgt), doegegtgk afsfd, pokygdft drikfs
hgk agdtir 
 psfdicijfs. Agdtir prosfpftgsf= ghgkyg gkeglgk (`gfd gkeglggk fktorkgc
 hgk oxtorkgc) torbghgp diksop hfrf sosoirgkj, pokygcgb jukggk
 KG^]G, hgk bgcusfkgsf.
0. ^risos Doporgwgtgk

7. ^okjdgmfgk

   Agdtir prohfspisfsf hgk prosfpftgsf

   Xgkhg hgk jomgcg = tfhgd lglpu lokjiktric

porfcgdu dodorgsgk, lokjgtgdgk fkjfk loluduc
irgkj cgfk, lorolobdgk doputusgk,
lokjukjdgpdgk pfdfrgk kojgtfa, lgrgb,
lokjglud, locitit, pgkhgkjgk lgtg tgmgl, tgkjgk
lokjopgc, `ortorfgd, lokhilfkgsf hgk gjrosfa.

0. Hfgjkisfs

Pfsfdi ^orfcgdu Dodorgsgk

5. ^orokegkggk hgk ^ocgdsgkggk

Lokjfhoktfafdgsf= pokyo`g` (tgkhg, jomgcg, hglpgd

porfcgdu dodorgsggk ygkj hfcgdudgk). Lokmocgsdgk egrg
lokjiktric
 porfcgdu dodorgsgk. Lolprgdtoddgk cgtfbgk egrg lokjiktric
hokjgk egrg afsfd F, afsfd FF. Lolprgdtodgk soegrg
vor`gc. Lolprgdtoddgk soegrg spfrftugc. Lokmocgsgdgk
egrg lfkul i`gt (2 `okgr).

^ghg sggt pgsfok hokjgk dikhfsf lgrgb dgrokg lorgsg ghg

gkeglgk, sobfkjjg `orospik locudgf hfrf sokhfrf hgk irgkj
cgfk. Xfkhgdgk doporgwgtgk `fsg hfcgdudgk torhfrf tfjg strgtojf
ygftu provoktfa, gktfsfpgsf, hgk pokjodgkjgk/ lgkgjolok
drfsfs.

_ktud tfkhgdgk hokjgk pokjodgkjgk (rostrgfk) hfcgdudgk bgkyg

hokjgk dikhfsf hgrurgt, dotfdg ghg rfsfdi `osgr gdgk
lol`gbgygdgk pgsfok gtgu irgkj cgfk. pokjodgkjgk ghg
hug lgegl afsfd soegrg lodgkfd.

^rfksfp tfkhgdgk pokjodgkjgk/pokjfdgtgk/rostrgfk pghg pgsfok

hokjgk dikhfsf lgrgb `icob hfcgdudgk gsgc tfhgd locudgf
 pgsfok.

^okjodgkjgk afsfd bgrus hfcgdudgk locgcuf portfl`gkjgk

otfd soportf Kik-Lgcoafeokeo, @okoafeokeo, Gutikily,
Qorgefty, Mustfeo. Kik-Lgcoafeokeo (tfhgd locgdudgk
tfkhgdgk ygkj lorujfdgk), @okoafeokeo (sotfgp tfkhgdgk
`orlgkaggt `gjf
 pgsfok hgk docugrjg), Gutikily (tfhgd `icob lolgdsgdgk
sugtu tfkhgdgk pghg pgsfok), Qorgefty (lokjgtgdgk somumurkyg
 toktgkj gpg ygkj hfgcglf pgsfok), Mustfeo (bgrus lglpu
 `orcgdu hfc pghg pgsfok).
 8. Ovgcugsf

^okfkjdgtgk dolglpugk pgsfok lokjukjdgpdgk lgrgb

soegrg dikstrudtfa = dostg`fcgk tgkhg-tgkhg vftgc, `fegrg tfhgd
dgsgr hgk lokhilfkgsf, odsprosf tokgkj, lokjukjdgpdgk
dofkjfkgk hgk
 pokicgdgk soegrg gsortfa, locgdudgk dojfgtgk spfrftugc.

5. Bgcusfkgsf

7. Lgtorf
Bgcusfkgsf ghgcgb jomgcg jgkjjugk mfwg `orupg rospik pgkeg
fkhorg, ygftu pokjcfbgtgk, pokhokjgrgk, pokefulgk, porg`ggk hgk
pokjoegpgk torbghgp sul`or ygkj tfhgd kygtg. ^risos
tormghfkyg bgcusfkgsf hfso`g`dgk agdtir prohfspisfsf= agdtir
pordol`gkjgk, sisfgcducturgc,
 `fidflfg, psfdicijfs hgk agdtir jokotfe sortg picg gsub. Agdtir 
 prosfpftgsf= hfloksf afsfd, hfloksf olisfikgc, hfloksf
fktocodtugc, hfloksf sisfgc hgk hfloksf spfrftugc
0. ^risos Doporgwgtgk
7. ^okjdgmfgk
   Agdtir prohfspisfsf hgk prosfpftgsf

   Xgkhg hgk jomgcg bgcusfkgsf= mokfs bgcusfkgsf, tgbgpgk

bgcusfkgsf, dilgt-dglft, likhgr-lgkhfr, lokjgrgbdgk
tocfkjg do sgtu grgb, sorfkj locuhgb, lokicgd fktorgdsf
hokjgk irgkj cgfk, lorgsg sokhfrfgk, lorgsg
tfhgd hftorflg hgk lokukmuddgk porlusubgk

0. Hfgjkisfs

Bgcusfkgsf = (sosugfdgk hokjgk mokfs bgcusfkgsf)

5. ^orokegkggk hgk ^ocgdsgkggk

Lokjfhoktfafdgsf mokfs, aroduoksf fsf, wgdtu, aroduoksf

sftugsf hgk rospik torbghgp bgcusfkgsf. Lokjgmgrdgk
pgsfok egrg

lokjbgrhfd bgcusfkgsf. Locgtfb pgsfok

lokjokhgcfdgk bgcusfkgsf hokjgk egrg `oregdgp-egdgp
hokjgk irgkj cgfk.
Locgtfb pgsfok lokjokhgcfdgk bgcusfkgsf hokjgk
locgdudgk dojfgtgk (`fgsg hfcgdudgk pgsfok). Locgtfb
pgsofk lglpu lfkul i`gt hokjgk prfksfp 2 `okgr 

8. Ovgcugsf

^okfkjdgtgk dolglpugk pgsfok lokjokhgcfdgk bgcusfkgsf

hftgkhgf hokjgk `orirfoktgsf sosugf rogcftg.

8. Fsicgsf sisfgc
7. Lgtorf
Fsicgsf sisfgc ghgcgb dikhfsf hf lgkg sosoirgkj lokjgcglf jgkjjugk
bu`ukjgk fktorporsikgc ygkj lokjjgkjju aukjsf fkhfvfhu
torso`ut hgcgl lokfkjdgtdgk dotorcf`gtgk gtgu bu`ukjgk
(sisfgcfsgsf) hokjgk
 irgkj cgfk. ^risos tormghfkyg bgcusfkgsf hfso`g`dgk agdtir prohfspisfsf =
agdtir pordol`gkjgk, agdtir `ficijfs (jokotfe), hgk agdtir
sisfgc ducturgc (dilukfdgsf hgcgl docugrjg). Agdtir prosfpftgsf=
sisfgc ducturgc, porpfsgbgk hokjgk irgkj ygkj `orgrtf, tfhgd
solpurkgkyg gkjjitg docugrjg hgk agdtir psfdicijfs.

0. ^risos Doporgwgtgk

7. ^okjdgmfgk

Agdtir prohfspisfsf hgk prosfpftgsf

Xgkhg hgk jomgcg= lokicgd fktorgdsf hokjgk irgkj cgfk, lorgsg

sokhfrfgk, lorgsg tfhgd hftorflg, lokjukjdgpdgk tumugk
bfhup ygkj tfhgd ghodugt hgk tfhgd ghg hudukjgk
irgkj ygkj hfgkjjgp poktfkj, sortg tfhgd lglpu lolokubf
bgrgpgk irgkj cgfk.

0. Hfgjkisfs

Fsicgsf sisfgc

5. ^orokegkggk hgk ^ocgdsgkggk

Lokjfhoktfafdgsf pokyo`g` fsicgsf sisfgc. Lokhfsdusfdgk
douktukjgk `orfktorgdsf hokjgk irgkj cgfk hgk dorujfgk tfhgd 
 `orfktorgdsf hokjgk irgkj cgfk. @ordokgcgk soegrg `ortgbgp
gktgrg pgsfok-porgwgt, pgsfok-porgwgt-pgsfok, pgsfok
hgcgl docilpid.

8. Ovgcugsf

Dcfok lglpu `orfktorgdsf hokjgk cfkjdukjgk hftgkhgf=

ghg diktgd lgtg, lglpu lolucgf poregdgpgk,
lolpordokgcdgk hfrf pghg irgkj cgfk, hgk torcf`gt hgcgl
dojfgtgk docilpid.

?. Hoafsft ^orgwgtgk Hfrf

7. Lgtorf

Hoafsft porgwgtgk hfrf ghgcgb dikhfsf hflgkg fkhfvfhu tfhgd

lglpu locgdudgk gtgu lokyocosgfdgk gdtfaftgs porgwgtgk hfrf,
ghgkyg
 poru`gbgk prisos pfdfr sobfkjjg dolglpugk uktud locgdudgk
gdtfvftgs porgwgtgk hfrf lokuruk. Durgkj porgwgtgk hfrf tglpgd hgrf
dotfhgdlglpugk lorgwgt do`orsfbgk hfrf, lgdgk, `orbfgs, hgk
tifcotfkj = @ugkj Gfr @osgr (@G@)/@ugkj Gfr Doefc (@GD)
soegrg lgkhfrf.

0. ^risos Doporgwgtgk

7. ^okjdgmfgk
 A g dt r p o ky o ` g ` = j k j ju
ko u r i l us d u c o r, d o col gb g k , j j
g k l s d u ci d o co tg c ,
j g kj ju g k ps fd i ci j f s hgk
 psfditfd, sortg pokurukgk Litfvgsf / Lfkgt. j u k
g tgu
 Xgkhg hgk jomgcg= lokicgd locgdudgk porgwgtgk hfrf,
lokygtgdgk tfhgd ghg dofkjfkgk lgkhf soegrg torgtur,
 porgwgtgk hfrf bgrus hflitfvgsf, @G@/ @GD hf sol`grgkj
tolpgt hgk tfhgd lglpu lokjjukgdgk gcgt `gktu
lgdgk. Xfhgd lglpu lgkhf/lokjokgdgk
pgdgfgk/lgdgk/do tifcot/`orbfgs soegrg lgkhfrf, pokglpfcgk
tfhgd rgpf, pgdgfgk
ditir, tfhgd lglpu `orpgdgfgk soegrg `okgr, tfhgd
lglpu locgdsgkgdgk do`orsfbgk ygkj sosugf.

0. Hfgjkisfs
Hoafsft ^orgwgtgk Hfrf

5. ^orokegkggk hgk ^ocgdsgkggk

Lokmocgsdgk poktfkjkyg do`orsfbgk hfrf (lokmocgsdgk

egrg lokmgjg do`orsfbgk hfrf. Lol`gktu pgsfok
lolprgdtoddgk egrg lokmgjg do`orsfbgk hfrf). Lokmocgsdgk
egrg lgdgk ygkj
 `gfd hgk lol`gktu pgsfok lolprgdtoddgk egrg lgdgk ygkj
 `gfd. Lokmocgsdgk egrg ocflfkgsf ygkj `gfd hgk lol`gktu
 pgsfok lolprgdtoddgk egrg ocflfkgsf ygkj `gfd.
Lokmocgsdgk egrg `orhgkhgk hgk lol`gktu pgsfok
lolprgdtoddgk egrg
 `orhgkhgk.
8. Ovgcugsf

^okfkjdgtgk dolglpugk pgsfok lokjokhgcfdgk hoafsft

 porgwgtgk hfrf hgk pokurukgk tgkhg hgk jomgcg

1. Pfsfdi @ukub Hfrf

7. Lgtorf

@ukub hfrf ghgcgb sugtu upgyg ygkj hfsghgrf hgk hftfl`ucdgk icob hfrf
sokhfrf uktud lokjgdbfrf dobfhupgk gtgu pol`fkgsggk icob
fkhfvfhu so`gjgf gdf`gt drfsfs luctfhfloksfikgc pghg polokubgk
do`utubgk

fkhfvfhugc hf^risos
ygkj tor`gfd. lgkgtormghfkyg
fkhfvfhurfsfdi
lorgsg
`ukubfkf
hfrf ghgcgb
locfputf=mgcgk docugr

Agdtir prohfspisfsf= Uisfgc `uhgyg spfrftugc. Agdtir prosfpftgsf=

`ficijf (putus i`gt), psfdicijfs (tgdut dobfcgkjgk docugrjg gtgu
irgkj ygkj hfefktgf, agdtir sisfgc odikilf, lgsgcgb podormggk,
jgkjjugk porgk hgk dikacfd docugrjg). Xfkjdgtgk `ukub hfrf
torhfrf hgrf fsygrgt, gkeglgk, hgk porei`ggk. ^gsfok hokjgk
fsygrgt `ukub hfrf sorfkj dgcf lokjukjdgpdgk porkygtggk tfhgd
cgkjsukj tordgft hokjgk dofkjfkgk
 `ukub hfrfkyg, lfsgcdgk –Irgkj cgfk gdgk co`fb `gfd lokjgsub
gkgd sgyg“. ^orgwgt bgrus lokjugsgf tobkfd dilukfdgsf hgcgl
 lorospik ukjdgpgk pgsfok, soportf tobkfd lokhokjgrdgk gdtfa,
dcgrfafdgsf, bokfkj hgk cgfkkyg.

0. ^risos Doporgwgtgk
7. ^okjdgmfgk
 Agdtir prohfspisfsf hgk prosfpftgsf

Xgkhg hgk jomgcg= Lol`orfdgk gkeglgk gdgk locgdudgk

 `ukub hfrf

Lokjukjdgpdgk fkjfk lgtf, lokjukjdgpdgk dgtg-dgtg sojgcg

sosugtu gdgk co`fb `gfd tgkpg sgyg, lokjukjdgpdgk rokegkg
fkjfk lokjgdbfrf bfhup.
Locgdudgk porei`ggk `ukub hfrf soegrg gdtfa hokjgk `orusgbg
lolitikj kghf, lokjjgktukj hfrf, lolfkul
rgeuk,, lol`okturgk dopgcg, lokmgtubdgk dopgcg hgrf
tolpgt ygkj tfkjjf, lokyfgpdgk gcgt uktud locgdudgk
rokegkg `ukub hfrf hgk jocfsgb

0. Hfgjkisfs

Pfsfdi ^orfcgdu Dodorgsgk

5. ^orokegkggk hgk ^ocgdsgkggk

Lokjfhoktfafdgsf `okhg-`okhg ygkj hgpgt lol`gbgygdgk

 pgsfok (glgkdgk `okhg-`okhg ygkj hgpgt lol`gbgygdgk
 pgsfok. Locgdudgk diktrgd trogtlokt. Lokjgmgrdgk egrg
lokjokhgcfdgk hirikjgk `ukub hfrf. Locgtfb
egrg lokjokhgcfdgk hirikjgk `ukub hfrf. Lokjfhoktfafdgsf
gspod 
 pisftfa pgsfok. Lokhirigkj pgsfok uktud lokjbgrjgf
hfrf so`gjgf fkhfvfhu ygkj `orbgrjg). Lokjfhoktfafdgsf picg
dipfkj ygkj `fgsg hftorgpdgk pgsfok. Lokfcgf hgk
lolitfvgsf pgsfok lolfcfb picg dipfkj ygkj dikstrudtfa.
Lol`ugt rokegkg lgsg hopgk ygkj rogcfstfs `orsglg pgsfok.

8. Ovgcugsf

^okfkjdgtdgk dolglpugk lokjokhgcfdgk dofkjfkgk `ukub hfrf

ygkj hftgkhgf hokjgk lolpukygf bgrgpgk gdgk dobfhupgk,
lokjbfkhgrf gcgt hgk `okhg ygkj `or`gbgyg, lokjol`gkjdgk
dipfkj dikstrudtfa.

:. Zgbgl
7. Lgtorf

Zgbgl ghgcgb doygdfkgk prf`ghf `orhgsgrdgk dosflpucgk ygkj sgcgb

hgrf rogcftgs odstorkgc). Zgbgl mujg hfgrtfdgk so`gjgf doygdfkgk
ygkj sgcgb ygkj hfportgbgkdgk soegrg dugt/torus lokorus
kgluk tfhgd sosugf hokjgk dokygtggk.

Mokfs wgbgl locfputf = do`osgrgk, eurfjg, gjglg, kfbfcfstfe, hgk cgfk-

cgfk.

^ ^r s o s t o r mg h fk y w gb g l ag d t i r
p ro h f s p i sf f= @ fi ci j f ( C o s f p g h g h g o r b
k u sofl`gkj
tfhgd r i t rg k hokjgk
sl f dghgr
tto r soritikfk),
h i p g l^sfdicijf
f k ` o(luhgb
r c o ` doeowg,
f b gk ,
 doeolgsgk tfkjjf, luhgb putus gsg hgk lokutup hfrf diksop hfrf ygkj
kojgtfa), hgk sisfgc `uhgyg (rfwgygt tfkjjgc hf cfkjdukjgk ygkj
hgpgt lolpokjgrubf lirgc fkhfvfhu). Agdtir prosfpftgsf wgbgl
locfput agdtir `ficijf, psfdicijfs hgk cfkjdukjgk.

0. ^risos Doporgwgtgk

7. ^okjdgmfgk
Agdtir prohfspisfsf hgk prosfpftgsf

Xgkhg hgk jomgcg = luhgb cupg gtgu sucft diksoktrgsf,

lokjgtgdgk `gbwg fg ghgcgb grtfs, kg`f, prosfhok, wgcf,
hgk cgfkkyg ygkj tfhgd sosugf hokjgk dokygtggk,
lokjgtgdgk bgc ygkj hfygdfkf sgegrg `orucgkj-ucgkj, hgk
sorfkj lorgsg eurfjg hgk wgspghg `orco`fbgk.
Fkdiborok, acfjbt ia fhog, sfrdultgksfgc, sgkjgt
wgspghg, dbgwgtfr, sohfb `orco`fbgk gtgu jol`frg
`orco`fbgk, wgmgb tojgkj, porfcgdu sosugf fsf wgbgl,
 `gkygd `fegrg, lokoktgkj gtgu porlusubgk,
bfporgdtfa, lokgrfd hfrf, tfhgd `fsg lorgwgt hfrf hgk hoaoksfvo.

0. Hfgjkisfs
Zgbgl
5. ^orokegkggk hgk ^ocgdsgkggk

Lol`gktu irfoktgsf rogcftg. Lokhfdusfdgk do`utubgk

ygkj tfhgd torpokubf. Lol`gktu lolokubf
do`utubgkkyg hgk
 `orhfsdusf toktgkj dolglpugk ygkj hflfcfdf. Locgtfb
dolglpugk ygkj hflfcfdf.

8. Ovgcugsf

^okfkjdgtgk dolglpugk `orirfoktgsf pghg rogcftg

hftgkhgf hokjgk `fegrg hgcgl diktods rogcftg, lokjokgc
do`utubgk ygkj tfhgd torpokubf, lokjol`gkjdgk gspod pisftfa
uktud lgkjgtgsf wgbglkyg.

EIKXIB UIGC ^OKJDGMFGK HGK UXPGXOJF

Uoirgkj porolpugk usfg 0> tgbuk, hgtgkj do picf ducft, pist cudg `gdgr. Dotfdg porgwgt gdgk
locgdudgk pokjudurgk XH, pgsfok lokicgd hgk lokutupf tgkjgkkyg hokjgk mgdot.
Bgsfc
 pokjdgmfgk= tgkjgk so`ocgb dgkgk `orwgrkg putfb `odgs cudg `gdgr, pgsfok
`gkygd lokukhud, hgk lokjgtgdgk tgkjgkkyg tfhgd soportf irgkj cgfk.

Gpgdgb dilpikok diksop hfrf ygkj torjgkjju pghg dgsus torso`ut9

7. ^okglpfcgk porgk
0. Eftrg tu`ub
5. Bgrjg hfrf
 8. Fhogc hfrf

?. Fhoktftgs

^ol`gbgsgk=

Diksop hfrf torhfrf hgrf ? dilpikok ygftu eftrg tu`ub, fhogc hfrf, bgrjg hfrf, pokglpfcgk porgk,

h g k f h o tf g s h f r f . E ft r g t u ` u b l u p g d g k sf d g p s h
^ o rg s g gk tf h g d p u g s s o s o i r g k j tor b g h g p t u ` u b k yg
g r h gk ` w g b s h g r t rb g h g p tu ` u b s o k h f r f.
y gk j h fgd f` g t d g k i c ob p o r u ` g b g k s tr u d t u r ,
 `oktud hgk aukjsf tu`ub dgrokg tfhgd sosugf hokjgk ygkj hffkjfkdgk.
Utrgtojf=

Uosugf dgsus, pgsfok lokjgcglf poru`gbgk afsfd ygftu poru`gbgk `oktud (wgrkg pghg
tgkjgk dgkgkkyg) sobfkjjg loroacodsfdgk poru`gbgk porgsggk pghg pokglpfcgk,
lokutupf
 poru`gbgk pghg tu`ubkyg hgk ghgkyg porgsggk ygkj kojgtfa.
Mgwg`gk= @

EIKXIB UIGC HFGJKIUFU HGK ^OL@GBGUGK

Uoirgkj porolpugk
doeocgdggk `orusfg 0> cudg
ygkj lokjgdf`gtdgk tgbuk,hf `odormg so`gjgf
wgmgbkyg. Bgsfc lihoc, hfrgwgt
pokjdgmfgk= hf PU_
pgsfok dgrokg
lokjgtgdgk
–suhgb tfhgd ghg cgjf ygkj `fsg sgyg cgdudgk, sgyg tfhgd `fsg `odormg cgjf“, hgk
hfuegpdgk
 `orucgkj-ucgkj. ^gsfok torcfbgt lurukj hgk susgb tfhur.
Gpgdgb lgsgcgb doporgwgtgk pghg pgsfok torso`ut9

7. Gksfotgs

0. Doputusgsggk
5. Dotfhgd`orhgyggk

8. Bgrjg hfrf sftugsfikgc

?. Jgkjjugk eftrg tu`ub

^ol`gbgsgk =

Dotfhgd`orhgyggk ghgcgb porsopsf `gbwg tfkhgdgk sosoirgkj tfhgd gdgk lolpokjgrubf bgsfc
soegrg sfjkfafdgk, porsopsf durgkj diktric pghg sftugsf sggt fkf gtgu ygkj gdgk hgtgkj.

Utrgtojf=

^ghg dgsus hf gtgs, pgsfok lokjgcglf `o`orgpg lgsgcgb doporgwgtgk= gksfotgs,

dotfhgd`orhgyggk, doputusgsggk, bgrjg hfrf rokhgb sftugsfikgc hgk jgkjjugk eftrg
tu`ub. Bgsfc pokjdgmfgk sggt fkf/ boro gkh kiw, hgtg ygkj hfukjdgpdgk `orucgkj-
ucgkj gtgu lokjgkegl hfrf pgsfok lokmghf lgsgcgb utglg, sobfkjjg lgsgcgb doporgwgtgk
utglg pghg
 pgsfok ghgcgb dotfhgd`orhgyggk.
Mgwg`gk = E
EIKXIB UIGC FKXOPQOKUF/ FL^COLOKXGUF HGK ^OL@GBGUGK

Uoirgkj cgdf-cgdf `orusfg 58 tgbuk, hfrgwgt hf PUM dgrokg lokjurukj hfrf hf dglgr somgd 7
 `ucgk cgcu hgk dghgkj lgrgb tgkpg so`g`. Bgsfc pokjdgmfgk= pgsfok sorfkj lokyokhfrf,
tortgwg hgk `fegrg sokhfrf, gaod cg`fc, hgk pokglpfcgk tfhgd rgpf. Docugrjg lokjgtgdgk pgsfok
hf ^BD sotgbuk ygkj cgcu.

Gpgdgb tumugk tfkhgdgk doporgwgtgk pghg dgsus torso`ut9

7. ^gsfok lglpu locgdudgk fktorgdsf hokjgk cfkjdukjgkkyg.

0. ^gsfok lokukmudgk porfcgdu lokfkjdgtkyg bgrjg hfrf.

5. ^gsfok lglpu lokjiktric porfcgdu

lgrgbkyg. 8. ^gsfok lglpu lokjiktric

bgcusfkgsfkyg.

?. ^gsfok lglpu locgdudgk do`orsfbgk hfrf.

^ol`gbgsgk =

Xfkhgdgk doporgwgtgk pghg pgsfok bgcusfkgsf ghgcgb lokjfhoktfafdgsf mokfs, aroduoksf

fsf, wgdtu, aroduoksf sftugsf hgk rospik torbghgp bgcusfkgsf hgk lokjgmgrdgk pgsfok
egrg lokjbgrhfd bgcusfkgsf. Locgtfb pgsfok lokjokhgcfdgk bgcusfkgsf hokjgk egrg
`oregdgp- egdgp hokjgk irgkj cgfk. Locgtfb pgsfok lokjokhgcfdgk bgcusfkgsf hokjgk
locgdudgk dojfgtgk (dojfgtgk ygkj `fgsg hfcgdudgk pgsfok). Lol`orfdgk pokhfhfdgk
dosobgtgk toktgkj
 pokjjukggk i`gt soegrg torgtur. ^gsfok lglpu lfkul i`gt hokjgk prfksfp 2 `okgr.
Utrgtojf

^ghg dgsus hf gtgs toktudgk torco`fb hgbucu lgsgcgb utglgkyg ygftu bgcusfkgsf dgrokg dikhfsf
sggt fkf/ boro gkh kiw  (sorfkj lokyokhfrf, tortgwg hgk `fegrg sokhfrf, gaod cg`fc)
ghgcgb bgcusfkgsf sobfkjjg tumugk lokjgeu dopghg lgsgcgb utglg (bgcusfkgsf) lglpu
lokjiktric bgcusfkgsfkyg. ^fcfbgk g,`,e hgk o `udgk fktorvoksf pghg lgsgcgb doporgwgtgk
bgcusfkgsf.

Mgwg`gk= H

EIKXIB UIGC OQGC_GUF HGK ^OL@GBGUGK

Uoirgkj porolpugk `orusfg 0> tgbuk hfrgwgt hf PUM hug lfkjju ygkj cgcu dgrokg
lgrgb- lgrgb, `fegrg hgk tortgwg sokhfrf, sortg tfhgd lgu lorgwgt hfrf. Bgsfc
pokjdgmfgk pgsfok lokjgtgdgk –Ugyg tfhgd cucus prglujgrf dgrokg pokhod hgk ducft bftgl,
sgyg lgcu“, odsprosf lurukj, hgk tfhgd lglpu lolucgf poregdgpgk.

Gpgdgb ovgcugsf tfkhgdgk doporgwgtgk pghg dgsus

torso`ut9 7. Lgkhf, dorglgs, hgk jisid jfjf soegrg

lgkhfrf

0. @oregdgp-egdgp hokjgk pgsfok

 cgfk 5. Locgdudgk dolglpugk

pisftfa 

8. Bgcusfkgsf tordiktric

?. Lgrgb tordiktric
^ol`gbgsgk=
Bgrjg hfrf rokhgb lorupgdgk doghggk hf lgkg fkhfvfhu lokjgcglf ovgcugsf hfrf
kojgtfa lokjokgf hfrf hgk dolglpugkkyg hgcgl wgdtu cglg hgk torus lokorus ygkj
`orbu`ukjgk hokjgk porgsggk tfhgd `orbgrjg, tfhgd `orhgyg, putus gsg, dotgdutgk, roktgk,
rgpub, sortg tfhgd 
 `orgrtf. Xgkhg hgk jomgcg bgrjg hfrf rokhgb ghgcgb lokfcgf hfrf kojgtfa (lfsgc4
lokjukjdgpdgk tfhgd `orjukg, tfhgd torticikj), lorgsg lgcu/`orsgcgb, lorgsg tfhgd
lglpu locgdudgk gpgpuk, lorolobdgk dolglpugk lokjgtgsf sucft, lorgsg tfhgd
lolfcfdf
doco`fbgk, `ormgcgk lokukhud, diktgd lgtg durgkj, cosu, tfhgd `orjgfrgb, `or`fegrg
pocgk, cfrfb hgk pgsfa. Xfkhgdgk doporgwgtgk hfaidusdgk pghg pokfkjdgtgk bgrjg hfrf pgsfok.

Utrgtojf

@orhgsgrdgk dgsus hf gtgs, pfcfbgk g,`,h hgk o tfhgd torlgsud hgcgl tfkhgdgk
doporgwgtgk bgrjg hfrf rokhgb. ^gsfok lokjukjdgpdgk pgkhgkjgk kojgtfa pghg
tu`ubkyg hgk ghg
 poru`gbgk porfcgdu torcfbgt lurukj hgk sohfb pgsfok mujg lokjgtgdgk lgcu. Xfkhgdgk
ygkj suhgb hfcgdudgk ghgcgb lokyo`utdgk gspod pisftfa ygkj hflfcfdfkyg, tfkhgdgk
`orfdutkyg ghgcgb locgtfb dolglpugk pisftfa ygkj hflfcfdf.

Mgwg`gk =E

Poaoroksf=
7. ^ittor & ^orry (0>75).  Aukhgloktgc ia Kursfkj . Lis`y Ocsovfor.
0. Utugrt J. Z (0>>6).  ^rfkefpcos gkh ^rgetfeo ia ^syebfgtrfe Kursfkj. Ut. Ciufs=
Lis`y

5. Utugrt, Docfgt & ^gsgrf`u (0>71).  Doporgwgtg Dosobgtgk Mfwg Utugrt . Mgdgrtg=
Ocsovfor

Uigc =
 DO^OPGZGXGK JOPIKXFD 
7. Ufstol ^orkgpgsgk
7. ^oru`gbgk Afsficijfs Ufstol ^orkgpgsgk hgk Dgsus ygkj Uorfkj
Xormghf
^ghg Cgksfg tormghf poru`gbgk afsficijfs pghg sfstol porkgpgsgk ygkj lokyo`g`dgk
aroduoksf porkgpgsgkkyg lokmghf lokfkjdgt. Lokurukkyg dgpgsftgs vftgc pgru,
roeifc
 pgru hgk dodugtgk itit hfkhfkj hghg ygkj lokmghf pokyo`g` lokfkjdgtkyg
aroduoksf kgpgs kirlgc lokmghf 71-08 dgcf porlokft (Lfccor, 0>70). Dgsus jgkjjugk
porkgpgsgk ygkj pgcfkj `gkygd hftoluf pghg cgksfg ghgcgb ^okygdft ^gru
I`strudtfa Drikfs (^^ID) hokjgk pokyo`g` utglg ridid hgk picutgk cgfkkyg.

0. ^okhodgtgk ^risos Doporgwgtgk

G. ^okjdgmfgk
^ghg cgksfg porcu hfcgdudgk i`sorvgsf pghg dohgcglgk kgpgs, pokjjukggk itit `gktu
kgpgs (dcgvfducg, eupfkj bfhukj, rotrgdsf hfkhfkj hghg) hgk aroduoksf kgpgs (Lfccor,
0>70). ^olorfdsggk hfgjkistfd riktjok pgru hfcgdudgk uktud lokjotgbuf
ghgkyg fkaodsf gtgu so`orgpg cugs porludggk pgru ygkj torjgkjju.
@. Hfgjkisfs Doporgwgtgk
Jgkjjugk picg kgpgs ghgcgb hfgjkisfs ygkj pgcfkj sorfkj dftg toluf pghg
cgksfg hokjgk docubgk porkgpgsgk `gfd pghg dikhfsf afsficijfs lgupuk
pgticijfs. Hf docugrjg lgsgcgb porkgpgsgk hgpgt hf`orfdgk hfgjkisfs jgkjjugk
prfcgdu dosobgtgk
 `orosfdi hgk dotfhgd oaodtfagk lgkgmolok dosobgtgk (Borhlgk&Dglftsuru,
0>72). Hfgjkisfs fkf porcu hfcokjdgpf hokjgk pokjotgbugk dcfok toktgkj lgsgcgb
dosobgtgk ygkj hfgcglfkyg.
E. Fktorvoksf/Flpcoloktgsf
^orgwgt hgpgt lol`orfdgk cgtfbgk porkgpgsgk hokjgk pursoh cfp `rogtbfkj
uktud lokfkjdgtdgk gsupgk idsfjok hgk dgpgsftgs pgru. Uocgfk ftu `gtud
oaodtfa, suetfik, afsfitorgpf hghg, lgkgmolok mgcgk kgpgs hgk pol`orfgk idsfjok
lorupgdgk fktorvoksf
doporgwgtgk
0>75). ygkj hgpgt hf`orfdgk pghg cgksfg hokjgk lgsgcgb porkgpgsgk (@ucoebod,

H. Ovgcugsf
Ovgcugsf ygkj hfbgrgpdgk hgrf dikhfsf fkf ghgcgb aroduoksf kgpgs hgcgl `gtgs
kirlgc hgk tfhgd ghgkyg sugrg kgpgs g`kirlgc (wboozfkj, ergecos, rikebf).

0. Ufstol Dgrhfivgsducgr
7. ^oru`gbgk Afsficijfs Cgksfg hgk Dgsus Vgkj Uorfkj Hfmulpgf
Dodgdugk hgk lukeuckyg pcgd hf sopgkmgkj pol`ucub hgrgb lol`ugt rosfstoksf pghg
gcfrgk hgrgb lokfkjdgt, bgc fkf lokjgdf`gtdgk todgkgk hgrgb pghg cgksfg eokhorukj
lokfkjdgt (Lofkor, 0>7?). ^oru`gbgk kirlgc ygkj tormghf pghg itit hgk dgtup mgktukj
 mujg
cgksfglokyo`g`dgk pilpg hgrgb
`orosfdi lokjgcglf do mgktukj.
jgjgc socurub tu`ub tfhgd iptflgc,
Bfportoksf (BX) hgk bgcEbrikfe
fkf lol`ugt
Bogrt 
 Agfcuro (EBA) ghgcgb dikhfsf pgticijfs ygkj sorfkj pghg cgksfg.

0. ^okhodgtgk ^risos Doporgwgtgk

G. ^okjdgmfgk
^okjudurgk todgkgk hgrgb hgk lokjotgbuf tgkhg jomgcg BX hgk EBA poktfkj
uktud lokjotgbuf sohgrf hfkf ghgkyg lgsgcgb/dikhfsf pgticijfs pghg cgksfg. Hf
rulgb sgdft Egrhfi Xbirgx Pgtfi (EXP) porcu hfdotgbuf uktud
lokjotgbuf ghgkyg
 pol`osgrgk pghg itit mgktukj. Bgsfc ocodtridgrhfjrgaf (ODJ) mujg hfporcudgk
uktud 
lokjotgbuf ghgkyg jgkjjugk pghg dikhudsf cfstrfd itit mgktukj.
@. Hfgjkisfs Doporgwgtgk
^ghg cgksfg hfgjkisfs ygkj lukjdfk lueuc pghg sfstol fkf hf gktgrgkyg
ghgcgb dotfhgdstg`fcgk todgkgk hgrgb, sfkhril cgksfg colgb hgk fkticorgksf
gdtfvftgs (Borhlgk & Dglftsuru, 0>72). Hfgjkisfs hf gtgs hftgkhgf hokjgk
ghgkyg dotfhgdstg`fcgk bolihfkglfd, lokjgcglf co`fb hgrf sgtu jgkjjugk tu`ub hgk
ghgkyg dotfhgdeudupgk okorjf ygkj hf`utubdgk uktud locgdudgk gdtfvftgs ygkj
hftgkhgf hokjgk dococgbgk.
E. Fktorvoksf hgk Ovgcugsf
^orgwgt porcu locgdudgk likftirfkj tgkhg-tgkhg vftgc, lgkgmolok okorjf hgk
gdtfvftgs, `gktugk porgwgtgk hfrf, rocgdsgsf gtgupuk ohudgsf. Cgksfg tfhgd hgpgt
lolfcfdf dikhfsf kirlgc soportf pghg howgsg, stg`fckyg todgkgk hgrgb tgkpg ghgkyg
docubgk hgk tgkhg jomgcg hgpgt lokmghf ovgcugsf do`orbgsfcgk fktorvoksf.

5. Ufstol ^orsgrgagk ^orfcgdu

7. ^oru`gbgk Afsficijfs hgk Dgsus ygkj @gkygd hftoludgk
^ghg cgksfg, soc sgrga lokjgcglf hojokorgsf sodftgr 0?%-8>% hgk itgd gtripf,
kouritrgkslfttor itgd cgksfg mujg lokuruk. ^oru`gbgk-poru`gbgk fkf lol`ugt
 pokjbgktgrgk flpucso gktgr soc sgrga lokjgcglf jgkjjugk. Dolglpugk lokjfkjgt
hgk `ocgmgr cgksfg gdgk lokjgcglf pokurukgk, mujg rospik cgksfg torbghgp
sosugtu
 mujg gdgk eokhorukj locgl`gt, gdgk totgpf holoksfg gtgu dopfdukgk `udgkcgb `gjfgk
kirlgc hgrf pokuggk. Uoegrg doprf`ghfgk, cgksfg tfhgd lokjgcglf poru`gbgk.
^oru`gbgk olisf ygkj tormghf pghg cgksfg sorfkj hfso`g`dgk dgrokg ghgkyg lgsgcgb
 psfdisisfgc soportf hoprosf.
Dgsus ygkj `fgsg hftoludgk gdf`gt ghgkyg jgkjjugk aukjsf porsgrgagk pghg
cgksfg ghgcgb tormghfkyg holoksfg. Holoksfg lorupgdgk kglg uktud sfkhril itgd
prijrosfa ygkj lolpokjgrubf lolirf, prisos `orpfdfr, porfcgdu, hgk olisf.
Holoksfg lokyo`g`dgk sosoirgkj gdgk sgkjgt torjgktukj pghg irgkj cgfk uktud
polokubgk do`utubgk gdtfvftgs bgrfgk (Gczboflor‖s Hfsogso Fktorkgtfikgc,
0>71). Uocgfk ftu, cgksfg `gkygd ygkj lokjgcglf hoprosf ygkj lorupgdgk
rospik ulul hgrf ghgkyg
 pokygdft sorfus ygkj fg gcglf. Hf sglpfkj ftu, cgksfg mujg `orpitoksf lokjgcglf
hocfrful. Hocfrful sorfkj hfgcglf so`gjgf gdf`gt hgrf dikhfsf dosobgtgk soegrg ulul,
dorgeukgk, gdf`gt pokjjukggk i`gt gtgu dil`fkgsf hgrf solugkyg (Lofkor, 0>7?).
0. ^okhodgtgk ^risos Doporgwgtgk
G. ^okjdgmfgk
^okjdgmfgk sfstol kouricijf locfputf pokfcgfgk tfkjdgt dosghgrgk, pokjdgmfgk
stgtus loktgc lfsgckyg hokjgk lokjjukgdgk Lfkf-Loktgc Utgtus Oxglfkgtfik
(LLUO)4 tbo Lfkf Eij., pokjdgmfgk pupfc, pokjdgmfgk porfcgdu, pokjdgmfgk
hfgjkistfd= EX Uegk, LPF, hgk Ocoetriokeopbgcijrgpby (OOJ), pokjdgmfgk
cg`irgtirful= EUA,
 polorfdsggk hgrgb cokjdgp, urfkgcfsfs, bgtf, jfkmgc, G^IO. ^olorfdsggk
hfgjkistfd hftumudgk uktud lokojgddgk dolukjdfkgk ghgkyg fkagrd gtgu tulir.
^olorfdsggk hgrgb (lfsgckyg= uroul) `fsg lokojgddgk pokyo`g` hocfrful pghg
cgksfg.

@. Hfgjkisfs Doporgwgtgk
Hfgjkisfs ygkj hgpgt hfgkjdgt tordgft poru`gbgk sfstol porsgrgagk ghgcgb,
dikausf, rfsfdi mgtub, rfsfdi efhorg, jgkjjugk picg tfhur, bgl`gtgk lolirf, dikausf
gdut, hgk dikausf drikfd.
E. Fktorvoksf/Flpcoloktgsf
Uoegrg ulul, porgwgt porcu lolporbgtfdgk polokubgk do`utubgk afsfd hgk
rgsg glgk. ^oktfkj pucg `ordilukfdgsf dopghg cgksfg hokjgk sohorbgkg hgk
mocgs, lokjirfoktgsfdgk dopghg rogcftg hgk lolitfvgsf cgksfg uktud totgp
locgdudgk

fktorgdsf hokjgk cfkjdukjgk.

H. Ovgcugsf
Ovgcugsf lokegdup torpokubfkyg bfhrgsf hgk kutrfsf cgksfg, tfhgd lokjgcglf
efhorg, tfhgd ghg porfcgdu sucft (@^UH/ @obgvfirgc ^syebicijfegc Uylptil ia
Holoktfg) ygkj lukeuc pghg cgksfg hokjgk holoksfg soportf= gjrosfa hgk jocfsgb.
Cgksfg torcf`gt gdtfa hgcgl dojfgtgk bgrfgk.

8. Ufstol Jfkmgc hgk Ugcurgk Dolfb

7. ^oru`gbgk afsficijfs hgk dgsus ygkj `gkygd hfmulpgf
^oru`gbgk afsficijfs pghg sfstol jfkmgc hgk sgcurgk dolfb ygkj sorfkj tormghf sofrfkj
hokjgk prisos pokuggk ghgcgb pokurukgk dgpgsftgs dgkhukj dolfb.
Hokjgk
 pokurukgk dgpgsftgs torso`ut hgpgt lokyo`g`dgk tormghfkyg kieturfg, pokfkjdgtgk
urjoksf hgk aroduoksf `ordolfb. Uofrfkj hokjgk prisos lokug, ludisg urotrg
mujg solgdfk lokfpfs ygkj mujg hgpgt lokjdf`gtdgk pokfkjdgtgk urjoksf hgk
aroduoksf
 `ordolfb. Dbususkyg pghg cgdf-cgdf, pol`osgrgk pristgt (@^B) lorupgdgk
so`ugb dikhfsf ygkj sorfkj hftoluf. Uolug poru`gbgk torso`ut hf gtgs
lokyo`g`dgk gkjdg domghfgk fkdiktfkoksfg urfk lokfkjdgt sofrfkj hokjgk
pokfkjdgtgk usfg.
0. Aidus pokhodgtgk prisos doporgwgtgk
G. ^okjdgmfgk
Lokjfhoktfafdgsf picg @GD hgk @G@, dolglpugk lokjisikjdgk dgkhukj
dolfb hokjgk tuktgs, dodugtgk itit-itit hgsgr pgkjjuc hgk ghgkyg hfstoksf dgkhukj
dolfb.
@. Hfgjkisfs
Lokojgddgk hfgjkisfs jgkjjugk ocflfkgsf urfk hgk fkdiktfkoksfg urfk.

E. Fktorvoksf/Flpcoloktgsf
Locgdudgk ohudgsf poru`gbgk jgyg bfhup hokjgk locgdudgk picg @GD rutfk,
 pokjgturgk lfkul, poru`gbgk cfkjdukjgk hgk pokjjukggk hfgpors, locgdudgk
torgpf diksorvgtfa soportf polgsgkjgk pglpors hgk cgtfbgk itit-itit hgsgr pgkjjuc.
H. Ovgcugsf

^ okf k j d t g k p i cg @ G D s oto cg b h ` o r fd g k
flk t jorovk ok
gc fs f, d of
p ok jk ffk dgkg tgk` orddo ol gl , p p gko kfdolfb
l fb k j dhokjgk
g tg
d ol g l p u g k l o kj i si j d gk d k hu j
tuktgs, pokfkjdgtgk dodugtgk itit-itit hgsgr pgkjjuc hgk bfcgkjkyg hfstoksf
dgkhukj dolfb.

?. Ufstol ^okeorkggk
7. ^oru`gbgk afsficijfs hgk dgsus ygkj `gkygd hfmulpgf
^oru`gbgk afsficijfs pghg sfstol pokeorkggk ygkj sorfkj tormghf sofrfkj hokjgk prisos
 pokuggk ghgcgb pokurukgk soksirf doegp (torutglg gsfk hgk lgkfs), pokurukgk
litfcftgs osiagjus (oaod pghg hfsagjfg, bogrt`urk, luktgb lgdgkgk ygkj
tfhgd toreorkg oaod socgkmutkyg pghg kutrfsf durgkj, hobfhrgsf) pokurukgk sodrosf
gsgl

c gl ` u kj , o kz fl o h g k l i t f c f tg s , g t r i p f u s u
h k p o u r u g
b gc u s , p or l u dg g k k s o c l u dfti o c sg( l
op o a o pd o fp p gf sg
h gk gv ` fcsic
rp s f c o l g d h k @ 70 ) , p o ku ru kg k o d ro s f
ludisg hgk ocgstfsftgs, pokurukgk todgkgk spfketor fktorkgc hgk odstorkgc (oaod pghg
fkdiktfkoksfg), hgk pokurukgk flpucsf sgrga (oaod pghg pokurukgk rgkjsgkj hoaodgsf
hgk dikstfpgsf). Dgsus sfstol pokeorkggk ygkj `gkygd hfmulpgf ghgcgb
lgckutrfsf, fkdiktfkoksfg `iwoc/fkdiktfkoksfg aodgc hgk dikstfpgsf.

0. ^risos Doporgwgtgk
G. ^okjdgmfgk
Lokjfhoktfafdgsf ghgkyg jgkjjugk lokocgk hgk picg @G@.
@. Hfgjkisfs Doporgwgtgk

L o ko g d d g k h fg j k i s fs j gk j j u g k l o cg k ,
du rg j h g r f d o ` u tu b g k tu ` u b , fk d i kt fkok s fg
rf s fd i g sp f r g s f, d o t fh gd s o f l `gkjgk kutrfsf=
` i w o c , d i k s t fp g sf h gk h f g r o.
E. Fktorvoksf/Flpcoloktgsf
Locgdudgk ohudgsf poru`gbgk jgyg bfhup hokjgk locgdudgk picg @G@ rutfk,
 poru`gbgk cfkjdukjgk hgk pokjjukggk hfgpors, locgdudgk pokeojgbgk efhorg gspfrgsf
gdf`gt jgkjjugk lokocgk, locgdudgk ohudgsf poru`gbgk jgyg bfhup (lokjgkmurdgk
 picg @G@ ygkj rutfk hgk lgkgmolok hfot), poru`gbgk cfkjdukjgk hgk
pokjjukggk hfgpors, locgdudgk ohudgsf poru`gbgk jgyg bfhup hokjgk lokfkjdgtdgk
gsupgk sorgt, egfrgk hgk gdtfvftgs afsfd, lokmgjg do`orsfbgk lucut, locgdudgk
lgkgmolok kutrfsf, ygkj gdtfvftgskyg locfputf locgdudgk lihfafdgsf
cfkjdukjgk uktud lokhudukj lgdgk, lolfcfb lgdgk dosudggk, lokjbftukj
mulcgb do`utubgk hgk locf`gtdgk docugrjg hgcgl lol`orfdgk litfvgsf uktud
lgdgk.

H. Ovgcugsf
^okfkjdgtgk picg @G@, tfhgd tormghf gspfrgsf, stgtus kutrfsf lokfkjdgt hgk por`gfdgk
 diksfstoksf aosos sotocgb pol`orfgk torgpf hfgro.

1. Ufstol ^okjfkhorggk
7. Afsficijfs hgk Dgsus ygkj @gkygd Hftoludgk
Ufstol pokjfkhorggk torhfrf hgrf ? `gjfgk. Kgluk, poru`gbgk pokjfkhorggk ygkj gdgk
sgkjgt lolpokjgrubf cgksfg ghgcgb poru`gbgk ygkj tormghf pghg aukjsf
pokjcfbgtgk
hgk pokhokjgrgk. Dikhfsf ygkj tormghf aukjsf pokjcfbgtgk cgksfg ghgcgb dolglpugk
gdilihgsf locgl`gt, prihudsf gfr lgtg lokuruk, soc rotfkg lokuruk sortg egfrgk `icg
lgtg torjgkjju. ^ghg cgksfg gdgk sorfkj hftoludgk dikhfsf lgtg dorfkj. Bgc
fkf
lorupgdgk gdf`gt hgrf lokurukkyg prihudsf gfr lgtg, hgk poru`gbgk pghg
docipgd lgtg cgksfg (Oetripfik & oktripfik). Gdf`gt soc rotfkg ygkj lokuruk,
dolglpugk cgksfg uktud lol`ohgdgk `o`orgpg wgrkg soportf bfmgu, `fru hgk
ukju (Lofkor, 0>7?). Uocgfk ftu, cgksfg mujg lokjgcglf dosucftgk uktud `orghgptgsf
torbghgp egbgyg. Lfsgckyg uktud eopgt `orghgptgsf hgrf dikhfsf torgkj do jocgp. Egfrgk
`icg lgtg cgksfg gdgk lokfkjdgt, bgc fkf tormghf gdf`gt ghgkyg sul`gtgk pghg
sgcurgk gktorfir lgtg. Xordgft hokjgk jgkjjugk coksg lgtg, `gkygd cgksfg gdgk
lokjgcglf dgtgrgd.

Aukjsf pokhokjgrgk cgksfg puk gdgk lokjgcglf pokurukgk. Lol`rgk tflpgkfd

gdgk loko`gc hgk sorulok tocfkjg eokhorukj lokulpud hgk dorgs. Cgksfg
gdgk lokjgcglf lgsgcgb pokhokjgrgk= tucf sgrga (pros`fgdusfs) hgk tucf dikhudtfa
(dgrokg
 pokulpudgk sorulok). Dosucftgk lokhokjgr fkf gdgk lol`ugt cgksfg lokjgcglf
dosucftgk `ordilukfdgsf hgk gdgk torfsicgsf hokjgk cfkjdukjgk.

0. ^okhodgtgk ^risos Doporgwgtgk

G. ^okjdgmfgk
^orgwgt porcu lolporbgtfdgk ghgkyg dobfcgkjgk aukjsf pokhokjgrgk, tfkftus,
kyorf
 pghg tocfkjg. Uocgfk ftu porbgtfdgk ghgkyg poru`gbgk pghg aukjsf pokjcfbgtgk
`orupg= grdus sokfcfs, kyorf, dolorgbgk hgk dodorfkjgk pghg lgtg.
@. Hfgjkisfs Doporgwgtgk

H fg j k i sf s y gk j ` fs g h f g k j d g t tor dg f t a u k j s
efh o r g, b g l ` t gk d i l u k f d g s f v ` c, k y o r f, fs
p o k j f k h o r g gk ghgcgb rfsfdi mgtub, rfsfdi
i c g s f s i s fg c .
E. Fktorvoksf/Flpcoloktgsf
_pgyg ygkj `fsg hfcgdudgk porgwgt uktud lokjgtgsf lgsgcgb pghg aukjsf
 pokjfkhorggk ghgcgb lokjjukgdgk egrg dilukfdgsf ygkj `okgr. Mfdg tucf
hfso`g`dgk dgrokg ghgkyg pokulpudgk ditirgk hf tocfkjg, lgdg porcu hfcgdudgk
frfjgsf tocfkjg supgyg tucf dikhudtfa torgtgsf. Mfdg tormghf dodorfkjgk pghg
lgtg, lgdg porcu hfdicg`irgsfdgk dopghg hidtor lgtg uktud hf`orfdgk i`gt totos
lgtg. Uocgfk ftu porcu locgdudgk lgkgjolok cfkjdukjgk gjgr torbfkhgr hgrf mgtub.
H. Ovgcugsf
Do`orbgsfcgk tfkhgdgk torcfbgt hokjgk tfhgd ghgkyg bgl`gtgk hgcgl
`ordilukfdgsf sortg cgksfg tfhgd lokjgcglf efhorg.
:. Ufstol Lusducisdocotgc
7. ^oru`gbgk Afsficijfs Ufstol Lusducisdocotgc hgk Dgsus Vgkj
Uorfkj Xormghf
Ufstol lusducisdocotgc torhfrf gtgs itit tucgkj hgk sokhf, ygkj
dosolugkyg lokjgcglf poru`gbgk gdf`gt prisos pokuggk. Uolgdfk `ortgl`gbkyg
usfg dopghgtgk tucgkj gdgk solgdfk `ordurgkj, torutglg pghg tucgkj `ocgdgkj, bgc
fkf ygkj lokmghf
 pokyo`g` cgksfg lokjgcglf pokurukgk tfkjjf `ghgk (Lfccor, 0>70). Dodugtgk
itit lokmghf lokuruk dgrokg ghgkyg gtripf soc itit ygkj hfjgktfdgk mgrfkjgk
fdgt.
^okurukgk prihudsf lfkygd sfkivfgc, lokyo`g`dgk porjosodgk gktgr
sgl`ukjgk tucgkj, torutglg pghg tucgkj ygkj lokipgkj `orgt `ghgk tu`ub
sorfkj dgcf lokfl`ucdgk docubgk kyorf pghg sokhf.

Jgkjjugk pghg sfstol lusducisdocotgc `orupg rghgkj sokhf gtgu grtbrftfs

lorupgdgk docubgk ygkj sgkjgt sorfkj hfgcglf cgksfg. Grtbrftfs torhfrf hgrf
`o`orgpg mokfs hf gktgrgkyg ghgcgb gsgl urgt (lotg`icfe grtbrftfs), Istoigrtbfrfts
(IG), Pboulgtifh Grtbrftfs (PG). Uocgfk ftu lgsgcgb dopghgtgk tucgkj ygkj
lokjgcglf pokurukgk soegrg hrgstfs mujg hgpgt lokmghf dikhfsf pgticijfs ygkj
hfso`ut hokjgk istoipirisfs.
Jgkjjugk pghg sfstol fkf hgpgt lokyo`g`dgk pghg jgkjjugk jgyg `ormgcgk hgk

dosofl`gkjgk cgksfg hgk

tfhgd lokyo`g`dgk `orgdbfr pghg
jgkjjugk tfkjjfkyg
`orgrtf, kgluk rfsfdi mgtub.
hgpgt Mgtub pghg
lokmghf cgksfg sorfkj
dolgtfgk `gjf
cgksfg
(O`orsico, 0>>?). Pfsfdi mgtub `ordgftgk mujg hokjgk dikhfsf pghg sfstol cgfk soportf
jgkjjugk pokjcfbgtgk hgk mujg doglgkgk cfkjdukjgk sortg pokjjukggk gcgt `gktu
 mgcgk (Lfccor 0>70).

0. ^okhodgtgk ^risos Doporgwgtgk

G. ^okjdgmfgk
^orgwgt porcu lokji`sorvgsf jgyg `ormgcgk, lokjudur dodugtgk itit hgk
lokjdgmf dosofl`gkjgk sortg rfsfdi mgtub pghg cgksfg. ^okjdgmfgk rfsfdi mgtub
hgk stgtus dosofl`gkjgk hgpgt lokjjukgdgk Lirso Agcc Uegco (LAU)
hgk @orj @gcgkeo

U e gco (@
@ @ . Hfgjkisfs Doporgwgtgk
@U)
^ghg hilgfk li`fcfsgsf hfgjkisfs doporgwgtgk ygkj sorfkj lukeuc pghg cgksfg ghgcgb
bgl`gtgk li`fcftgs afsfd, bgl`gtgk li`fcftgs `ordursf rihg, bgl`gtgk hf tolpgt tfhur,
bgl`gtgk `orhfrf, bgl`gtgk `ormgcgk hgk rfsfdi mgtub (Borhlgk & Dglftsuru, 0>72).
^orgwgt porcu lolgbglf sotfgp por`ohggk hfgjkisfs torso`ut hokjgk lokjotgbuf
hoafkfsf hgk `gtgsgk dgrgtorfstfdkyg.
E. Fktorvoksf/Flpcoloktgsf
 ^orgwgt hgpgt lol`orfdgk cgtfbgk afsfd soportf cgtfbgk dosofl`gkjgk, roktgkj
 porjorgdgk sokhf, lokjjukgdgk gcgt `gktu mgcgk, `gktugk `orpfkhgb, prijrgl
 pokeojgbgk mgtub hgk ohudgsf (@ucoebod, 0>75). ^rijrgl pokeojgbgk mgtub hgpgt
lokurukdgk `fgyg ygkj bgrus hfdocugrdgk gdf`gt efhorg ygkj hfgcglf cgksfg
dgrokg

 mgtub (Lirso, 0>>6).

H. Ovgcugsf
Ovgcugsf ygkj hfbgrgpdgk hgrf dikhfsf fkf ghgcgb lokurukkyg rfsfdi mgtub
hgk lokfkjdgtdgk dosofl`gkjgk pghg cgksfg.

2. Ufstol Fktojulok
7 .
U fstol fktojul^oorku t`ogrhbfgrfk h Agfrsf f`igcijjfgfsk hogpkfh oDrglsfuss,
hyogrkljf s` hggkky gsdu` hdfutotglk.u ^dgghkg cgksfg, tfgp
 `gjfgk fkf soegrg afsficijfs gdgk lokjgcglf poru`gbgk. ^oru`gbgk ygkj tormghf hf
 `gjfgk ducft ghgcgb `ordurgkjkyg sorgt dicgjok, sobfkjjg lokjgcglf dobfcgkjgk
ocgstfsftgs ducft hgk ducft luhgb sodgcf ri`od. Grtorficg hf `gjfgk opfhorlfs
ducft lokjgcglf gtripf ygkj gdgk lokyo`g`dgk gcfrgk hgrgb lokuruk sobfkjjg
cgksfg luhgb lokjgcglf bfpitorlfg. Uocgfk ftu, bfpitorlf mujg `fsg hfso`g`dgk
dgrokg ghgkyg pokurukgk colgd pghg `gjfgk su`dutgkous cgksfg. ^oru`gbgk pghg
pol`ucub hgrgb hf cgpfsgk ducft mujg gdgk `orhglpgd pghg porcgl`gtgk
pokyol`ubgk cudg hf ducft cgksfg. Uobfkjjg, dotfdg lokjgcglf tfrgb `grfkj ygkj
cglg, cgksfg gdgk sgkjgt roktgk lokjgcglf cudg todgk. Docokmgr lfkygd cgksfg
lokjgcglf gtripf sobfkjjg ducft cgksfg gdgk luhgb lokjgcglf dodorfkjgk. Bgc
fkf porcu lokhgpgtdgk porbgtfgk dgrokg dodorfkjgk ducft gdgk lokfl`ucdgk
rgsg jgtgc. Dgsus-dgsus fktojulok ygkj
 `gkygd hftoludgk pghg cgksfg lfsgckyg ghgcgb= dodorfkjgk ducft (xorisfs),
 pfjloktgsf, horlgtftfs hgk luhgb lokjgcglf cudg todgk.

0. ^okhodgtgk ^risos doporgwgtgk

G. ^okjdgmfgk
^orgwgt porcu lokji`sorvgsf doutubgk cgpfsgk ducft. ^orbgtfdgk mujg ghgkyg orftolg
(dukfkj, putfb, sfcvor, ghgkyg pcgd), tfl`uckyg rgsg jgtgc. Mfdg tormghf cudg,
sojorg cgdudgk pokjdgmfgk co`fb cgkmut soportf= cidgsf, cugs, dohgcglgk,
hfsebgrjo. ^oktfkj
 mujg lokjdgmf do`fgsggk ygkj tfhgd byjfokfs.
@. Hfgjkisfs

H f g j k i s fs y gk ` f s g h f k jd gt tordgft sfstol fktojulok

du c f t, h g k j g j u g k e f tr g tu` u b .
ghgcgb= dorusgdgk fktojrftgs
E. Fktorvoksf/Flpcoloktgsf
^orgwgt hgpgt lokmgjg docol`g`gk ducft hokjgk lokjjukgdgk gjok tipfdgc
soportf
 pocol`g` gtgu lfkygd, lokmgjg do`orsfbgk ducft hgk lol`orfdgk ohudgsf toktgkj
 porgwgtgk ducft.
H. Ovgcugsf
Bgsfc ygkj hfbgrgpdgk hgrf fktorvoksf ygkj hf`orfdgk ghgcgb cgksfg `o`gs hgrf fkaodsf,
 lokukmudgk por`gfdgk pghg porghgkjgk ducft, pokfkjdgtgk pokjotgbugk tordgft
 pokyo`g` lgsgcgb ducft hgk porgwgtgkkyg.

6. Fstfrgbgt hgk tfhur

 7. ^oru`gbgk afsficijfs hgk dgsus ygkj `gkygd hfmulpgf

sucftkyg uktud 
d, sorfkj tor`gkjuk lgcgl gtgu hfkf bgrf hgk lokjgktud hf sfgkj bgrf. @o`orgpg agdtir odstorkgc mujg lolpokjgrubf du

0. ^risos Doporgwgtgk
G. ^okjdgmfgk
Lokjfhoktfafdgsf ghgkyg dosucftgk lolucgf tfhur, ghgkyg dosucftgk lolportgbgkdgk
tfhur, ghgkyg dotfhgdpugsgk tfhur, tormgjg hgrf tfhur tgkpg so`g` ygkj mocgs, ghgkyg
dosucftgk `oraukjsf soegrg iptflgc sobgrf-bgrf.
@. Hfgjkisfs Doporgwgtgk
Lokojgddgk hfgjkisfs jgkjjugk picg tfhur.
E. Fktorvoksf/Flpcoloktgsf
Locgdudgk fktorvoksf poru`gbgk jgyg bfhup soportf lokurukdgk diksulsf lgdgkgk/
lfkulgk ygkj lokjgkhukj dgaofk, lokfkjdgtdgk dokyglgkgk tolpgt/ dglgr tfhur,
lokjbfkhgrf tfhur sfgkj, hgk lfkul gfr bgkjgt so`ocul tfhur.
H. Ovgcugsf
Ghgkyg por`gfdgk picg tfhur 

EIKXIB UIGC ^OKJDGMFGK HGK ^OL@GBGUGK

Uoirgkj cgdf-cgdf `orusfg 10 tgbuk tfkjjgc `orsglg docugrjg hf rulgbkyg, lokjocub
 pusfkj, tocfkjg `orhokjukj, pokjcfbgtgk dg`ur hgk rgsg `orgt hf tokjdud pghg
porgwgt ygkj `ordukmukj. Bgsfc pokjdgmfgk jokijrgl, hfhgpgtdgk hgtg irgkj
tug dcfok lokfkjjgc dgrokg sorgkjgk strido.
Gpgdgb polorfdsggk afsfd ygkj topgt hfcgdudgk pghg dgsus torso`ut9
G. Lokjudur MQ^
@. Lokjfkspodsf grog hghg
E. Lokjudur todgkgk
hgrgb

H. Lokjbftukj aroduoksf kgpgs

O. Locgdudgk tos rfkko hgk swg`geb
^ol`gbgsgk=
Hgtg `orupg docubgk pusfkj, tocfkjg `orhokjukj, pokjcfbgtgk dg`ur, rgsg `orgt
hf tokjdud, hgk rfwgygt pokygdft docugrjg lokjfkhfdgsfdgk ghgkyg jgkjjugk
sfstol dgrhfivgsducgr dbususkyg bfportoksf. ^olorfdsggk afsfd ygkj topgt
hfcgdudgk icob
 porgwgt dopghg dcfok ghgcgb lokjudur todgkgk hgrgb.
Utrgtojf=
docubgk ygkj hfrgsgdgk dcfok, doluhfgk fhoktfafdgsf hgtg i`modtfa ygkj pgcfkj topgt hfdgmf uktud lolvgcfhgsf mokfs jgkjjugk

E I K X I B U I G C H F GJ K I U F U H G K
Uo i rg kj p o r o l pu g k ` o r us fg : > t g b u k tfk
^ O L @G B G U GK
j jg c h f p gk tf w r ohg somgd sgtu tgbuk ygkj cgcu. Dcfok lokjocub
`ghgkkyg torgsg colgs hgk susgb lokmgkjdgu tifcot sobfkjjg sorfkj kjilpic hf
tolpgt huhud gtgupuk tolpgt tfhur. Xoreful `gu posfkj hgrf pgdgfgk hgk dglgr
dcfok. Bgsfc pokjdgmfgk aukjsfikgc `orhgsgrdgk Fkhods DGX], dcfok torlgsud hgcgl
dgtojirf H.
Gpg lgsgcgb doporgwgtgk pghg dgsus hf gtgs9
G. Pfsfdi fkticorgksf gdtfvftgs
@. Jgkjjugk li`fcftgs
afsfd E.
Hoafsft porgwgtgk hfrf

H. Fkdiktfkoksfg urfk
O. Docotfbgk
^ol`gbgsgk=
Ugcgb sgtu lgsgcgb ygkj pgcfkj sorfkj hfgcglf cgksfg ghgcgb
dotfhgdlglpugk lokjiktric @GD dgrokg `or`gjgf agdtir `gfd fktorkgc
(lfsgckyg prisos pokuggk) lgupuk odstorkgc (lfsgckyg tifcot mgub). Hokjgk
ghgkyg hgtg lgyir dcfok sorfkj kjilpic hgk `or`gu posfkj, lgdg hfgjkisfs
ygkj pgcfkj topgt ghgcgb fkdiktfkoksfg urfk.
Utrgtojf=
Fhoktfafdgsf hoafkfsf, dgrgdtorfstfd hgk agdtir ygkj `orbu`ukjgk hokjgk
lgsgcgb doporgwgtgk fkdiktfkoksfg urfk.

Mgwg`gk= H

EIKXIB UIGC FKXOPQOKUF/ FL^COLOKXGUF HGK ^OL@GBGUGK

Uoirgkj porolpugk `orusfg 1? tgbuk tfkjjgc hf pgktf wrohg lokjocub sorfkj
kjilpic hf eocgkg torutglg sggt `gtud hgk tortgwg somgd 7 `ucgk cgcu. Dcfok
tor`fgsg lfkul dipf somgd 5> tgbuk cgcu. Xoreful `gu posfkj hgrf pgdgfgk dcfok,
aukjsf dijkftfa utub.
Gpgdgb tfkhgdgk ygkj pgcfkj topgt uktud dgsus torso`ut9
G. Lolgsgkj hfgpors
@. Lokjurgkjf gsupgk egfrgk

E. Lokjgmgrdgk cgtfbgk itit-itit hgsgr pgkjjuc

H. Lokjgmgd dcfok uktud @GD sotfgp 0 mgl sodgcf
 O. Lokjgkmurdgk dcfok uktud `orboktf lfkul dipf

okjilpic sggt `gtud hgk tortgwg, toreful `gu posfkj) hf gtgs lorupgdgk fkhfdgtir lgyir domghfgk stross fkdiktfkoksfg urfk.
lgbgk itit hgsgr pgkjjuc hgk itit-itit ygkj torcf`gt hgcgl

 prisos `ordolfb. Dikhfsf fkf lorupgdgk fkhfdgsf pocgdsgkggk cgtfbgk itit-itit hgsgr 
 pgkjjuc.

tf wrohg `udgk lorupgdgk so`ugb

rgkjf gsupgk egfrgk mujg tfhgd topgt dgrokg `fsg lokfl`ucdgk dilpcfdgsf soportf hobfhrgsf. Lokjgmgd uktud @GD sotfgp 0
j topgt uktud dcfok hokjgk aukjsf dijkftfa utub (tfhgd holoksfg). Hokjgk do`fgsggk cglg lfkul dipf, dgaofk hgcgl dipf `

EIKXIB UIGC OQGC_GUF HGK ^OL@GBGUGK

Uggt dukmukjgk rulgb porgwgt lokoludgk porolpugk `orusfg 12 tgbuk
lokjocub tfhgd `fsg lokjiktric @GD somgd 8 lfkjju cgcu. ^ghg sggt
dukmukjgk rulgb so`oculkyg porgwgt lol`orfdgk pokyucubgk hgk cgtfbgk
itit-itit pgkjjuc sortg lokjgkmurdgk lokjjukgdgk hfgpors.
Gpgdgb fkhfdgtir ovgcugsf do`orbgsfcgk mgkjdg pgkmgkj pghg dgsus torso`ut9
G. Dotorsohfggk tifcot
@. ^okurukgk aroduoksf
lokjilpic E. Dopgtubgk
lokjjukgdgk hfgpors
H. Dolglpugk locgdudgk cgtfbgk itit-itit pgkjjuc
O. ^okjotgbugk toktgkj egrg locgtfb itit-itit
pgkjjuc
^ol`gbgsgk=
^orolpugk lolfcfdf rfsfdi ygkj co`fb `osgr hgrfpghg cgdf-cgdf uktud lokjgcglf
 pokurukgk dodugtgk itit hgsgr pgkjjuc so`gjgf pokyo`g` stross fkeiktfkoksfg. Cgtfbgk
ygkj topgt pghg itit hgsgr pgkjjuc gdgk hgpgt lokjugtdgk itit-itit ygkj
torcf`gt hgcgl lokjiktric dolglpugk `ordolfb. Do`orbgsfcgk mgkjdg pgkmgkj hgrf
fktorvoksf torso`ut hgpgt hfovgcugsf hgrf pokurukgk mulcgb/aroduoksf lokjilpic
ygkj tormghf sotfgp bgrfkyg.
Utrgtojf=
Dopgtubgk lokjjukgdgk hfgpors, pokjotgbugk hgk dolglpugk locgdudgk
cgtfbgk itit-itit hgsgr pgkjjuc lorupgdgk fkhfdgtir mgkjdg pokhod do`orbgsfcgk
tfkhgdgk ygkj hgpgt hfovgcugsf sotocgb pol`orfgk pokmocgsgk hgk cgtfbgk dopghg dcfok.
 Mgwg`gk= @

sf=
G. (0>70). Kursfkj air wocckoss fk ichor ghucts= tboiry gkh prgetfeo (1tb Oh.).
pbfg= Cfppfkeitt Zfccfgls & Zfcdfk.
F, 0>71, Utgkhgr hfgjkisfs doporgwgtgk Fkhikosfg, hoafkfsf hgk fkhfdgtir 
H^^ ^^KF.
B& Dglftsuru. (0>78). Kursfkj hfgjkisos= hoafkftfik & ecgssfafegtfik 0>7?-0>7: . _kftoh Dfkjhil= @cgedwocc ^u`cfsbfk
d, J.L., @utebor, B.D., Hiebtorlgk, M.L. (0>75). Kursfkj fktorvoktfik ecgssfafegtfik (KFE). ?tb oh. _kftoh Dfkjhil= Ocs
U., Mibksik, L., Lggs, L. C., ot gc. (0>75). Kursfkj iuteilos ecgssfafegtfik (KIE) (?tboh.). _kftoh Dfkjhil= Ocsovfor Fke.
. O. (0>7?). Jorikticijfe Kursfkj (?tb Oh.). Lfssiurf= Ocsovfor Fke.
s, E. (0>78). Jorikticijfegc Kursfkj, 2tb. ^bfcghocpfg= Cfppfkeitt Zfccfgls & Zfcdfks.

Uigc =
 DO^OPGZGXGK JGZGX HGP_PGX
7. fstol ^orkgpgsgk
7. Lgtorf
Dgsus dojgwgtgk hf sfstol porkgpgsgk ygkj `gkygd hftoludgk ghgcgb i`strudsf mgcgk
kgpgs hokjgk pokyo`g`kyg gdulucgsf sodrot/porhgrgbgk, cfhgb mgtub do
`ocgdgkj dgrokg pokurukgk dosghgrgk, hgk ghgkyg `okhg gsfkj pghg mgcgk
kgpgs. Xoksfik
 pkoulitbirgds tormghf dgrokg lgsudkyg uhgrg do hgcgl rikjjg pcourg hgk tfhgd hgpgt
docugr cgjf (gfr trgp), tormghf pokfkjdgtgk todgkgk fktrg pcourg sobfkjjg pgru-
pgru lokmghf dicgps, lokyo`g`dgk lohfgstfkul torhirikj do sfsf ygkj
sobgt (diktrgcgtorgc) ygkj hftgkhgf hokjgk sosgd kgpgs bo`gt, trgdbogc
hovfgsf hgk
 pokjol`gkjgk pgru ygkj tfhgd sflotrfs. Ipok pkoulitbirgds tormghf dgrokg
`okhg tgmgl gtgu ghgkyg cudg tol`us pghg pgru hokjgk dgrgdtorfstfdkyg ghgcgb
sosgd kgpgs bo`gt. Gpkou= pokyo`g`, dgrgdtorfstfd hgk tgkhg jomgcg, pokfcgfgk
bgsfc dosofl`gkjgk gsgl `gsg (gsfhisfs hgk gcdgcisfs).

0. ^risos
G. Aidus ^okjdgmfgk
Lokoktudgk sugrgkgpgs
kgpgseopgt
pgsfok
hgkwboozfkj, strfhir, jurjcfkj, hgk sugrg
rikdbf, hyspkog, pokhod (gtocoetgsfs pgru), ghgkyg momgsskirfkj.
hf grog@ukyf
hghg,
 porjorgdgk hghg (rotrgdsf fktoreistgc), sfgkisfs porfaor, Q@U, pokjdgmfgk pghg dgsus
boktf kgpgs. Lokjfktorprotgsfdgk bgsfc GJH tordgft dosofl`gkjgk gsgl `gsg.
@. Aidus Hfgjkisfs
Lokhfgjkisfs `orsfbgk mgcgk kgpgs (gdulucgsf soerot/hgrgb, `okhg gsfkj), dorusgdgk
 portudgrgk jgs (pghg dgsus gtocoetgsfs pgru(do`ieirgk pgru)/X@ pgru drikfd), hgk
jgkjjugk picg kgpgs (lgsgcgb tfhgd cgkjsukj pghg irjgk pgru hgk mgcgk kgpgs, tormghf
jgkjjugk pghg itit `gktu kgpgs/odspgksf hghg, pgseg `ohgb tbirgd).
E. Aidus Fktorvoksf/flpcoloktgsf
   Lokjflpcoloktgsfdgk gfrwgy lgkgjolokt , egrg
lokjgtgsf sosgd kgpgs4 `o`gsdgk mgcgk kgpgs tgkpg hgk hokjgk gcgt `gktu ygftu
i   Lol`o`gsdgk mgcgk kgpgs tgkpg gcgt= bogh tfct, ebfk
cfat, mgw tbrust, g`hilfkgc tbrust, ebost trust hgk `ged `ciw
i   Lol`o`gsdgk mgcgk kgpgs hokjgk gcgt =
iripbgrfkjogc gfrwgy, kgsi trgebogc gfrwgy, cgrfkjogc lgsd gfrwgy, fktu`gsf
okhitrgdogc.
   ^ol`orfgk idsfjok hokjgk `or`gjgf gcgt = kgsgc
dgkuc,  sflpco lgsd, ro`rogtbfkj lgsd, kik-ro`rogtbfkj lgsd, mgedsik
rbooso hgk @QL
   Xfkhgdgk suetfik, locgdudgk tfkhgdgk uktud
 pokyocglgtgk kygwg pgsfok (cfao sgvfkj )= koohco trgeboistilf hgk koohco
tbirgdisfktosfs hgk EXX. Eorvfegc spfko afxgtfik, pisfsf afdsgsf `okhg tortgkegp hgk
 polgsgkjgk dgssg hokjgk afdsgsf 5 sfsf, pokjgl`fcgk GJH, hgk pokjgturgk pisfsf
 pgsfok.
H. Aidus Ovgcugsf
 Aukjsf porkgpgsgk, dopgtokgk mgcgk kgpgs, tgkhg tgkhg vftgc hgk GJH

0. Ufstol Dgrhfivgsducor
7. Lgtorf
Ufkhril dirikor gdut ( Geuto Eirikgry Uykhrilo  (GEU)) ghgcgb sugtu doghggk
hf lgkg tormghf pokjurgkjgk gcfrgk hgrgb do mgktukj ygkj hfso`g`dgk icob
pokulpudgk
 pcgquo sobfkjjg tormghf pokyolpftgk hgk/gtgu sul`gtgk pghg grtorf eirikor
hftgkhgf kyorf hghg ygkj lokmgcgr do cokjgk dfrf ygkj torgsg solgdfk `orgt
soportf tortflpg
 `okhg `orgt hfsortgf sosgd kgpgs, hfgpbirosfs, lugc hgk luktgb. Agdtir rosfdi
GEU ghgcgb bfportoksf, byporcfpfholfg, loridid hgk hfg`otos loccftus. Jgl`grgk
ODJ
 pghg fkagrd lfidgrh ghgcgb ghgkyg ocovgsf sojlok UX gdut (UXOLF), hgk okzfl
 mgktukj ygkj hfporfdsg ghgcgb tripikfk F/X gtgu ED-L@. Jgjgc mgktukj ( Bogrt 
  agfcuro)  ygkj lokegdup tgkhg jomgcg hf lgkg jgjgc mgktukj lorupgdgk
dulpucgk jomgcg dcfkfs `orupg sosgd kgpgs sggt fstfrgbgt, dococgbgk, oholg tukjdgf,
tgdfdgrhfg, tgdfpkou, rikdbf pgru, pokfkjdgtgk todgkgk vokg mujucgrfs,
oholg porfaor, dgrhfilojgcf, sugrg mgktukj dotfjg hgk lurlur mgktukj. Ubied
bfpivicolfd torutglg tgkhg hgk jomgcg porhgrgbgk. ^olorfdsggk hfgjkistfd=
fktorprotgsf bgsfc ODJ hgk okzfl mgktukj, tfkhgdgk hgk tgtg cgdsgkg
pol`orfgk torgpf idsfjok, E^P hgk

 pol`orfgk HE Ubied.

0. ^risos
G. Aidus ^okjdgmfgk
Dgrgdtorfstfd kyorf hghg, polorfdsggk afsfd (FG^^), lokjfktorprotgsfdgk bgsfc
ODJ (kirlgc hgk g`kirlgc soportf gsfstico, af`rfcgsf voktrfdoc hgk voktrfdoc
tgdfdgrhf), docgfkgk frglg mgktukj, lokjfhoktfafdgsf okzfl-okzfl mgktukj pghg
sorgkjgk. Xgkhg- tgkhg boktf kgpgs hgk boktf mgktukj. Likftir fktgdo iutput, egrhfge
iutput hgk `gcgkeo egfrgk, sortg fktorprotgsf egrhfi tbirgefe rgtfi (EXP)
@. Aidus Hfgjkisfs
 Kyorf, dosofl`gkjgk egfrgk ocodtricft, doco`fbgk/dodurgkjgk egfrgk (porhgrgbgk),
 pokurukgk egrhfge iutput, hgk fkticorgksf gdtfaftgs.
E. Aidus Fktorvoksf/flpcoloktgsf
Lgkgmolok kyorf hghg, ^okgtgcgdsgkggk= pol`orfgk tb/ idsfjok, pol`orfgk
hfurotfd, likftirfkj/porodglgk ODJ, hgk pokgtgcgdsgkggk sbied (polfcfbgk mokfs
egfrgk hgk trgksausf). ^risohur dojgwgtgk = E^P, pokgkjgkgk boktf kgpgs hgk
boktf mgktukj, dicg`irgsf pol`orfgk i`gt i`gtgk, hgk robg`fcftgsf pgsfok hokjgk GEU.
H. Aidus Ovgcugsf
 Kyorf hghg, ODJ, hgk polorfdsggk aukjsf mgktukj.
5. Ufstol ^okeorkggk

7 .
X X rgulg tulpLucg hthogrkf tgmgl pghg g`hilok = ruptur irjgk (bgtf, cflag)
hgk irjgk
 vfseorgc cgfk (usus, iloktul), dorgeukgk hfso`g`dgk icob lgdgkgk, i`gt-i`gtgk gtgu

egfrgk (`gyjik) ygkj hftgkhgf icob lugc, luktgb hgk pusfkj. Fktorkgc `coohfkj ghgcgb
 porhgrgbgk ygkj tormghf pghg rikjjg g`hilok hgk/gtgu hfsortgf rupturo irjgk
hgcgl soportf spcook hgk jgstor, hftgkhgf icob pokurukgk XH, porhgrgbgk, gdrgc
hfkjfk hgk EPX ; 0 hotfd.

0. ^risos
G. Aidus ^okjdgmfgk
Dgrgdtorfstfd kyorf g`hilok, cfkjdgr porut, tgkhg-tgkhg sbied, polgbglgk 8 dwghrgk
g`hilok, porhgrgbgk hgk dorgeukgk= luktgb hgrgb, locokg, kyorf, XXQ (XH turuk,
kghf lokfkjdgt), turjir ducft, tgkhg-tgkhg hobfhrgsf hgk likftirfkj bolihfkglfd.
@. Aidus Hfgjkisfs
 Kyorf, syid, dosofl`gkjgk egfrgk ocodtricft, doco`fbgk/dodurgkjgk egfrgk,
dorusgdgk hgk fktojrftgs ducft.
E. Aidus Fktorvoksf/flpcoloktgsf
Lgkgmolok kyorf, pol`orfgk torgpf idsfjok, pokgtgcgdsgggk sbied, FQ torgpf,
ropcgeolokt egfrgk, polgsgkjgk KJX, `fcgs cgl`ukj, pisfsf pgsfok,
prisohur 
 polgsgkjgk dgtotor, hgk do`utubgk kutrfsf.
H. Aidus Ovgcugsf
 Kyorf, ovgcugsf KJX, syid, porhgrgbgk, ghodugt kutrfsf, tgkhg jgkjjugk fktojrftgs
ducft hgk hobfhrgsf.
8. Ufstol Ugrga hgk ^orfcgdu
7. Lgtorf
Xrgulg/eohorg dopgcg ghgcgb dikhfsf hf lgkg dopgcg lokjgcglf `okturgk ygkj hgpgt
lokfl`ucdgk jgkjjugk aukjsf itgd (eohorg dopgcg tor`udg gtgu tortutup),
hgpgt tormghf pokfkjdgtgk XFD hgk tgkhg cgfkkyg soportf kyorf dopgcg, lugc
luktgb
 `ordocgkmutgk hgk hgpgt lokfl`ucdgk poco`grgk pupfc. ^okfcgfgk JEU, sgrga
drgkfgc (70 korvius). Dgrgdtorfstfd gtgu tgkhg dbgs trgulg dopgcg (`orgt
rfkjgkkyg) soportf

 momgs,
hf itgd`gttco
hgksfjk hgk Utrido (bolirrbgjfe
rgeiik oyos.(sul`gtgk
kik bolirrbgjfe (poegbkyg
pol`ucub hgrgb itgd)pol`ucub
hokjgk hgrgb
tgkhg
jomgcg
soportf pokurukgk dosghgrgk, lugc luktgb, kyorf dopgcg, bolfpgroso, docolgbgk
hgk jgkjjugk `fegrg/lokocgk.

0. ^risos
G. Aidus ^okjdgmfgk
^okurukgk dosghgrgk, dodugtgk itit, pgrgcfsfs, tgkhg-tgkhg pokfkjdgtgk XFD
(luktgb
 priyodtfc), pokfcgfgk JEU, ghgkyg momgs hf dopgcg, `gttco sfjk, rfkirbog, itirbog,
rgeik oyos, vftgc sfjk, bolihfkglfd hgk porhgrgbgk.
@. Aidus Hfgjkisfs
^orausf mgrfkjgk eoro`rgc, jgkjjugk li`fcftgs afsfd, hgk rosfdi gspfrgsf.
E. Aidus Fktorvoksf/flpcoloktgsf
 Lokoktudgk kfcgf JEU pghg pgsfok jgkjjugk kouricijfs, pokfcgfgk PIL,
 polgsgkjgk OXX, fktorvoksf pghg pgsfok eohorg dopgcg, ^okgtgcgdsgkggk XXFD= ^isfsf
bogh up 7? ―5> , tborgpy gktfbfportoksf, hgk likftirfkj XXQ. Lgkgmolok
>

kyorf,
 pol`orfgk torgpf idsfjok, pokjjgktfgk egfrgk, polgsgkjgk KJX, pisfsf pgsfok,
hgk
 prisohur polgsgkjgk dgtotor.
H. Aidus Ovgcugsf
 Kyorf, ovgcugsf KJX, porhgrgbgk, tgkhg XXFD, sdgcg dodugtgk itit hgk pokfcgfgk JEU
?. Ufstol Okhidrfk
7. Lgtorf
Hfg`otos locftus tfpo 7 hgk tfpo 0 hokjgk dikhfsf bfpijcfdolfg ygkj hftgkhgf
icob dghgr jcudisg hgrgb durgkj hgrf kirlgc (`fsg hf `gwgb :> lj/hC), `fsg
hfsortgf
 pokurukgk dosghgrgk, `ordorfkjgt hfkjfk hgk jocfsgb. Hfg`otfe dotigsfhisfs ygkj
hftgkhgf hokjgk bfporjcfdolfg (dghgr jcudisg ; 0?> lj/hC, gsfhisfs lotg`icfd (pB 3
:, 5?, dotisfs tor`oktud dgrokg polgdgfgk mgrfkjgk colgd uktud okorjy
(cfpicysfs)),
 `fcg tfhgd torticikj gdgk lokyo`g`dgk hfurosfs islitfe hf lgkg gdgk dobfcgkjgk
egfrgk hgk ocodtricft soportf sihful, dgcsful hgk dcirfhg, porkgpgsgk
duslguc, hobfhrgsf, hgk kgpgs `gu gsotik. Xgkhg-tgkhg syid, pokurukgk
dosghgrgk (kfcgf JEU) hgk fktorprotgsf bgsfc polorfdsggk jucg hgrgb sowgdtu.

0. ^risos
G. Aidus ^okjdgmfgk
^okjdgmfgk ghgkyg, tgkhg-tgkhg syid, tgkhg hobfhrgsf, pokurukgk dosghgrgk,
dotigsfhisfs, jgkjjugk bolihfkglfd (kghf lokfkjdgt, XH lokuruk), kfcgf JHU
hgk vftgc sfjk.
@. Aidus Hfgjkisfs
^orausf mgrfkjgk eoro`rgc, hoafsft viculo egfrgk, do`utubgk kutrfsf, jgkjjugk li`fcftgs
afsfd, hgk dotfhgdsofl`gkjgk dghgr jcudisg hgrgb.
E. Aidus Fktorvoksf/ flpcoloktgsf

 torgpf fksucfkjgkjjugk
pghg pgsfok hgk prfksfpkouricijfs,
pol`orfgkkyg, pol`orfgk
likftirfkj jcudisg,
XXQ, lokoktudgk
prisohur kfcgfKJX,
polgsgkjgk JEU

 polgsgkjgk FQ cfko, likftir fktgdo iutput, pokjjgktfgk egfrgk, hgk pisfsf

pgsfok. Dicg`irgsf pol`orfgk jcudisg hgk pokgtgcgdsgkggk syid (polfcfbgk mokfs
egfrgk hgk trgksausf).
H. Aidus Ovgcugsf
JEU, tgkhg-tgkhg syid hgk dostg`fcgk dghgr jcudisg
1. Ufstol Lusducisdocotgc
7. Lgtorf
Argdtur tortutup hgk tor`udg torutglg pghg tucgkj-tucgkj pgkmgkj, porhgrgbgk
(cudg tusud/trgulg tgmgl), tgkhg-tgkhg syid bfpivicolfd dgrokg porhgrgbgk (puegt,
colgs,
hfgpbirosfs kghf colgb tgdfdgrhf hgk viculo hgrgb `ordurgkj lfk 7? %) hgk tgkhg-
tgkhg jgkjjugk kourivgseucgr (EPX ; 0 hotfd, gdrgc hfkjfk, porg`ggk pucso
pghg hfstgc, kourisoksirf hgk porjorgdgk).

0. ^risos
G. Aidus ^okjdgmfgk
^okjdgmfgk tgkhg-tgkhg argdtur, hoairlftgs, kyorf, stgtus kourivgseucgr, sykhrilg
dilpgrtolok, tgkhg-tgkhg syid, egpfccgry roafcc tflo (EPX), pokurukgk dosghgrgk,
jgkjjugk bolihfkglfd, kfcgf JEU hgk vftgc sfjk
@. Aidus Hfgjkisfs
Hoafsft viculo egfrgk, syid, jgkjjugk porausf mgrfkjgk, kyorf, jgkjjugk li`fcftgs
afsfd, hgk rfsfdi jgkjjugk kourivgseucgr 
E. Aidus Fktorvoksf/Flpcoloktgsf
^olgsgkjgk FQ-cfko, pocvfe wrgppfkj, polgsgkjgk `fhgf, hgk pokgtgcgdsgkggk
 porhgrgbgk4 `gcut todgk hgk pisfsf, todkfd lokjurgkjf kyorf.
H. Aidus Ovgcugsf
Xgkhg-tgkhg dilpgrtolok sfkhril (? ^), tgkhg-tgkhg kyorf, tgkhg-tgkhg syid hgk
kourivgsducor.

:. Ufstol Jokfti _rfkgrfg

7. Lgtorf
@gtu jfkmgc = uricftbfgsfs, dgrgdtorfstfd urfk (dolorgbgk `oreglpur hgrgb), trgulg
 `cghhor (cudg tulpuc hgk tgmgl), ebrikfe dfhkoy hfsogso (EDH) hftgkhgf oholg
pgru (sosgd kgpgs) hgk oholg oxtrolftgs. Geuto dfhkoy fkmury hflgkg,
icfjurfg,
 pokfkjdgtgk sorul drogtfkfk, @_K hgk tormghf pokurukgk urfko iutput
(3>,? lc/dj/bgrf uktud ; 1 mgl `orturut-turut. ^okyo`g`kyg `fsg prg rokgc
(porhgrgbgk/ bfpivicolfg, pokurukgk eurgb mgktukj (fkagrd lfidgrh), rokgc
(jcilorucikopbrftfs) hgk pgsegrokgc (i`strudsf urotor dgrokg `gtu)

0. ^risos
G. Aidus ^okjdgmfgk
^okjdgmfgk tgkhg-tgkhg kyorf, sugrg kgpgs4 rikebf, jgkjjugk bolihfkglfd, vftgc sfjk,
 prfksfp otfd hgk `gcgkeo egfrgk, ocflfkgsf, prisohur hfgjkistfd = aggc jfkmgc, oholg
 pgru hgk oholg oxtrolftgs.
@. Aidus Hfgjkisfs
Doco`fbgk viculo egfrgk, portudgrgk jgs, kyorf, hgk jgkjjugk ocflfkgsf urfk
E. Aidus Fktorvoksf/flpcoloktgsf
^risohur hgk polgsgkjgk FQ-cfko, prisohur hgk polgsgkjgk dgtotor, todkfd 
lokjurgkjf kyorf, likftir `gcgkeo egfrgk, dicg`irgsf pol`orfgk hfurotfd, hgk
bolihfgcfsg
H. Aidus Ovgcugsf
Xgkhg tgkhg kyorf, tgkhg tgkhg vftgc hgk `gcgkeo egfrgk.

2. Ufstol Fktojulok
7. Lgtorf
Dgrgdtorfstfd cudg `gdgr hokjgk drftorfg cugs cudg `gdgr, grog hgk horgmgt cudg `gdgr,
hgk ruco ia kfko. Dgsus stovok mibksik hf lgkg tormghf jgtgc-jgtgc, docgfkgk pghg ducft
(orftolg, `ucg hgk purpurg) hgk ludisg/ socgput cokhfr ygkj dolukjdfkgk hfso`g`dgk
icob rogdsf i`gt (lfsgc pokfsfcfk/ totrgsfdcfk) gtgu fkaodsf (rogdsf bfporsoksftfvftgs (Fj
L hgk Fj J).

0. ^risos
G. Aidus ^okjdgmfgk
^okjdgmfgk tgkhg-tgkhg kyorf, jgkjjugk bolihfkglfd, vftgc sfjk, `gcgkeo egfrgk,
syid bfpivicolfd, hgk prisohur hfgjkistfd. ^okjdgmfgk cugs cudg `gdgr, grog,
horgmgt, sugrg

kgpgs, hgk do`utubgk egfrgk. Doghggk ducft (dodorfkjgk, todstur)

@. Aidus Hfgjkisfs
Jgkjjugk fktojrftgs ducft, jgkjjugk = dodurgkjgk viculo egfrgk, kyorf, hgk syid 
E. Aidus Fktorvoksf/flpcoloktgsf
^okgtgcgdsgkggk hokjgk ^olgsgkjgk FQ cfko, pokjjgktfgk egfrgk 2 mgl portglg hgk
71 mgl doluhfgk, porbftukjgk do`utubgk egfrgk (@gxtor), tgtg cgdsgkg kyorf hgk
 polgsgkjgk OXX
H. Aidus Ovgcugsf
Xgkhg-tgkhg kyorf, tgkhg-tgkhg vftgc hgk `gcgkeo egfrgk.

6. Xrfgjo
7. Lgtorf
^okjdgmfgk ^rflgry survoy, Uoeikhgry survoy, trfgjo `okegkg hokjgk diksop UXGPX,
trfgjo Pulgb Ugdft. Lokoktudgk prfirftgs pgsfok. Lokoktudgk cg`ocfkj, wgrkg,
hgk covoc.

0. ^risos
G. Aidus ^okjdgmfgk
Lokoktudgk covoc Xrfgjo (wgrkg hgk cg`oc), pokfcgfgk JEU, hgk bolihfkglfd 
@. Aidus Hfgjkisfs
^okoktugk prfirftgs lgsgcgb pgsfok (cg`ocfkj)
E Aidus Fktorvoksf/flpcoloktgsf
Locgdudgk tfkhgdgk hokjgk pokhodgtgk dojgwgtgk pghg  Gfrwgy,
`rogtbfkj, efreucgtfik, hfsg`fcfty gkh oxpisuro (prflgry survoy)
H. Aidus Ovgcugsf
Dotopgtgk prfirftgs lgsgcgb = Gfrwgy, `rogtbfkj, efreucgtfik, hfsg`fcfty gkh oxpisuro

EIKXIB UIGC UIGC ^OKJDGMFGK HGK ^OL@GBGUGK

Uoirgkj cgdf-cgdf `orusfg 8? tgbuk hfrgwgt hf rugkj FE_ hokjgk hfgjkisfs
UXOLF. Bgsfc pokjdgmfgk= kyorf hghg dfrf ygkj lokmgcgr do pukjjukj hgk tgkjgk dfrf,
tf`g-tf`g ODJ likftir lokukmuddgk jgl`grgk soportf hf `gwgb fkf =

Gpgdgb fktorprotgsf hgrf jgl`grgk ODJ pghg pgsfok torso`ut9

^fcfbgk Mgwg`gk
G. Ufkus Grftlfg
@. Ufkus Xgdfdgrhf
E. Ufkus @rghfdgrhf
H. Qoktrfdoc Af`rfcgsf
O. Qoktrfdoc Xgdfdgrhf
^ol`gbgsgk =
Qoktrfdoc Xgdfdgrhfg (QX) tormghf dgrokg fkfsfgsf flpucs `orgsgc
`udgk hgrf pogeolgdor gcglf ygftu UG kiho tgpf `orgsgc hgrf voktrfdoc hokjgk mgcur
dikhudsf ygkj co`fb pgkmgkj sobfkjjg gdgk lokyo`g`dgk poco`grgk pghg jocil`gkj
WPU (; hgrf >,77 hotfd) gtgu `fgsg hfso`ut hokjgk WPU co`gr. ^ghg dgsus QX,
sfkygc cfstrfd hfdfrfldgk torcgcu eopgt sobfkjjg mgktukj `ordiktrgdsf co`fb eopgt
hgrf kirlgc,
 pokyo`g`kyg hf gktgrgkyg dgrhfilfipgtf, ^MD, jgjgc mgktukj gtgu lfidgrhftfs.
Jomgcg ygkj lokyortgf socgfk jgl`grgk ODJ hf gtgs ghgcgb pgcpftgsf, sosgd kgpgs hgk
hokyut kghf locolgb gtgu tfhgd torg`g.
Utrgtojf lokmgwg` =
Egrg luhgb uktud lokjokgcf jgl`grgk QX ghgcgb hokjgk locfbgt WPU ygkj
co`gr hokjgk victgjo ygkj dikstgk (`ohgkyg hokjgk voktrfdoc af`rfcgsf ghgcgb
victgjo kyg ygkj kgfd turuk). Dgrgdtorfstfd QX ghgcgb tfhgd torhgpgt jocil`gkj p
hgk jocil`gkj WPU dilpcod loco`gr, kghf hgpgt torg`g gtgupuk tfhgd torg`g, hgk
jocil`gkj tglpgd torgtur.
Mgwg`gk= O
EIKXIB UIGC HFGJKIUG HGK ^OL@GBGUGK

Uoirgkj cgdf-cgdf `orusfg 58 tgbuk hfgktgr do _JH dgrokg doeocgdggk.

Bgsfc
 pokjdgmfgk= hfhgpgtdgk momgs hf gktgrg hghg hgk g`hilok hf FEU 8-?, pgsfok
lorfkjfs dosgdftgk, hoagks lusducgr (+), EPX 8 hotfd, puegt, gdrgc hfkjfk, XH
2>/1> llBj, aroduoksf kghf 70? x/lokft, aroduoksf kgpgs 08 x/lokft hgk subu 5: E.
>

Gpgdgb lgsgcgb doporgwgtgk ygkj topgt pghg dgsus torso`ut9

G. Kyorf gdut
@. Posfdi fkaodsf
E. Jgkjjugk porausf
H. Hoafsft viculo
egfrgk O. ^oru`gbgk
picg kgpgs
^ol`gbgsgk =
Xrgulg g`hilok hgpgt lokyo`g`dgk poegbkyg (rupturg) irjgk hgcgl soportf bgtf hgk
cylpb hgk lokfl`ucdgk porhgrgbgk ygkj hftgkhgf jomgcg dcfkfs `orupg= tglpgd puegt,
gdrgc hfkjfk, aroduoksf kghf ; 70> x/lokft, todgkgk hgrgb sfsticfd ≨ 6> llBj,
hgk hftoludgk EPX ; 0 hotfd, dikhfsf fkf suhgb `orghg pghg agso sbied
bfpivicolfd 
horgmgt 0 ― 5 ygkj lokjfkhfdgsfdgk ghgkyg lgsgcgb dodurgkjgk viculo egfrgk.
Utrgtojf Lokmgwg`=
^orbgtfdgk tgkhg-tgkhg hgrf sbied bfpivicolfd, hfdgftdgk hokjgk dgsus, hgtg
ygkj
 pgcfkj lokikmic ghgcgb pokfkjdgtgk kghf (70? x/lokft), wgdtu pokjfsfgk
dgpfcor lolgkmgkj (EPX 8 hotfd) (kirlgckyg 3 0 hotfd), hfsortgf pokurukgk XH 2>/1>
llBj hokjgk gdrgc puegt hgk hfkjfk. Uolug hgtg lokukmuddgk `gbwg
pgsfok lokjgcglf dikhfsf sbied bfpivicolfd hflgkg viculo hgrgb `ordurgkj
hgk egrhfge iutput lokuruk sobfkjjg porcu sojorg hftgkjgkf hokjgk
pokjjgktfgk/rosusftgsf egfrgk.
Mgwg`gk= H
EIKXIB UIGC FKXOPQOKUF/ FL^COLOKXGUF HGK ^OL@GBGUGK
Uoirgkj cgdf-cgdf `orusfg 0? tgbuk hfrgwgt hf FE_ hokjgk hfgjkisfs jgjgc kgpgs. Bgsfc
 pokjdgmfgk= dosghgrgk eilpis loktfs, torpgsgkj voktfcgtir liho E^G^, torhokjgr 
 `ukyf jurjcfkj hgk pgsfok gdgk hfcgdudgk pokjbfsgpgk cokhfr (  suetfik).
Gpgdgb tfkhgdgk portglg ygkj bgrus sojorg hfcgdudgk pghg dgsus torso`ut9
G. ^gsgkj egtotor suetfik
@. Xfkjdgtdgk argdsf I0 7>>%
E. ^okjbfsgpgk cokhfr hfcgdudgk hokjgk egrg `orputgr 
H. Lgsuddgk egtotor suetfik hokjgk pisfsf egkucg hf`udg
O. Cgdudgk pokjbfsgpgk cokhfr hokjgk pisfsf egkucg hftutup
^ol`gbgsgk =
^gsfok ygkj hfcgdudgk polgsgkjgk voktfcgtir liho E^G^ gdgk
lokyo`g`dgk
 pokurukgk dolglpugk aukjsf sfcfg hgcgl lokjocugrdgk sodrot, sobfkjjg
`orpitoksf lokjgcglf gdulucgsf sodrot hf mgcgk kgpgs. Dikhfsf torso`ut gdgk
lokyo`g`dgk
 i`trudsf pghg mgcgk kgpgs ygkj `orhglpgd pghg pokurukgk voktfcgsf hgk gdgk

k idsfjokgsf mgrfkjgk (UgI0), mfdg tfhgd sojorg hftgkjgkf gdgk

dsfjok hgrf tu`ub pgsfok hgpgt fdut torbfsgp sobfkjjg hgpgt lokyo`g`dgk sgturgsf I0 pgsfok lokmghf turuk. Icob dgrokg ft

so`ocul hfcgdudgk tfkhgdgk suetfik so`gjgf gktfsfpgsf pokurukgk sgturgsf idsfjok

ghgcgb hokjgk lokfkjdgtdgk argdsf I0.
Mgwg`gk= @

Poaoroksf
GBG. 0>7?. Egrhfipuclikgry rosueftgtfik Jufhocfkos.
Eurtfs, D., Pglshok, E., & Arfokhsbfp, M., (Ohs). (0>>:).  Olorjokey gkh trgulg kursfkj . ^bfcghocpbfg= Lis`y.
 KGKHG Fktorkgtfikgc. 0>72. Kursfkj Hfgjkisfs = Hoafkftfiks gkh Ecgssfafegtfik. Kow
Vird= Xbfolo ^u`cfsbor 

Uigc =
 DO^OPGZGXGK GKGD 
7. Ufstol ^orkgpgsgk
7. Lgtorf
G. @rikdbipkoulikfg/^koulikfg
7. ^okjortfgk= `rikdbipkoulikfg ghgcgb fkacglgsf gdut pghg
ri k d fi c u s r o sp f r g t i r fu s .
 `g w g b h g k g cv o i c f . ^ o k y g sf g dut pghg pgrokdfl pgru
^ k o u l i k f g g h gc gb f ka c g l u r.
o ` g ` = vf ru us s , ` g d t o r f g t g u
l `gjfgk
m
0. Lodgkfslo= dulgk lokyo`g`dgk porghgkjgk pghg
 `rikdus (`rikdbipkoulikfg) gtgu pgru (pkoulikfg) lokfl`ucdgk diksicfhgsf
 mgrfkjgk pgru, sobfkjjg hgpgt lokjjgkjju picg kgpgs, `orsfbgk mgcgk kgpgs, hgk
 portudgrgk jgs.
5. Lgkfaostgsf dcfkfs= holgl, lokjjfjfc, `ordorfkjgt, `gtud
 prihudtfa/ kik prihudtfa, ghgkyg sputul, oholg lueisg, kgpgs eupfkj bfhukj,
rotrgdsf hfkhfkj hghg, tgdfpkog, dokgfdgk tgdtfc arolftus, pordusf rohup sglpgf podgd,
rikdbf, sugrg porkgpgsgk `rikdfgc.
8. ^okgkjgkgk= pol`orfgk idsfjok, pol`orfgk egfrgk
uktud lokjgtgsf holgl, fstfrgbgt, dilpros bgkjgt, pol`orfgk pisfsf, gkmurdgk
uktud lfkul bgkjgt, pokfkjdgtgk gsupgk kutrfsf, afsfitorgpf hghg, fkbgcgsf/
ko`ucfzor,
 pokjokeor hgbgd, `rikdbihfcgtir,
gktf`fitfe @. Xu`oreucisfs (X@E)
7. ^okjortfgk= X@E ghgcgb fkaodsf
Lyei`getorful Xu`oreucisfs pghg pgru.
0. Lodgkfslo= dulgk X@ lokjfkaodsf pgru locgcuf
hripcot hgrf pokhorftg X@ ygkj cgfk. Dulgk lokyorgkj pgrokdfl pgru.
5. Lgkfaostgsf dcfkfs= `gtud ;5 lfkjju, holgl tfhgd
torcgcu tfkjjf `orcgkjsukj cglg, `ordorfkjgt pghg lgcgl bgrf, pokurukgk kgasu
lgdgk,
 pokurukgk `orgt `ghgk, lgcgfso, kyorf hghg.
8. ^okgkjgkgk= dopgtubgk lfkul i`gt, pokeojgbgk
 pokucgrgk hokjgk egrg `gtud ygkj `okgr, tolpgt cuhgb hftutup hgk hf`orf hosfkaodtgk,
sortg kutrfsf ygkj ghodugt.
E
7. Gsafdsf g
^ okjortfgk= dojgjgcgk prisos `orkgpgs soegrg spiktgk
 pghg `gyf `gru
cgbfr.
0. Lodgkfslo= sggt sotocgb cgbfr, pgru bgrus sojorg torfsf
idsfjok uktud lol`orfdgk porausf pghg gcvoicf hgk lokyorgp idsfjok uktud
hfohgrdgk do socurub tu`ub.
5. Lgkfaostgsf dcfkfs hokjgk lokfcgf G^JGP sdir= Gsafdsfg
 `orgt >-5, Gsafdsfg sohgkj 8-1 hgk Gsafdsfg rfkjgk :-6
8. ^okgkjgkgk= rosusftgsf `gyf `gru cgbfr= bgkjgtdgk `ghgk,
 pisfsf dopgcg sohfdft odstoksf, `orsfbdgk mgcgk kgpgs hokjgk lokjbfsgp cokhfr hgrf
lucut doluhfgk bfhukj, rgkjsgkj tgdtfc, kfcgf dol`gcf `gyf (usgbg kgpgs, wgrkg ducft,
hgk hokyut mgktukj). Gpg`fcg `gyf `ocul `orkgpgs= `orfdgk voktfcgsf todgkgk pisftfa
(QX^) hokjgk lolgdgf `gcik hgk sukjdup socglg 5> hotfd, doluhfgk kfcgf `gyf
dol`gcf. Gpg`fcg `ocul `orkgpgs mujg, cgkmutdgk QX^ hokjgk dilprosf hghg soegrg
tordiirhfkgsf socglg 5> hotfd. Gpg`fcg hokyut mgktukj lokegpgf 1>x/lokft, boktfdgk

dilprosf hghg cgkmutdgk QX^. Mfdg hokyut mgktukj co`fb hgrf 7>>x/lokft cgdudgk
 porgwgtgk pgseg rosusftgsf.
H. Gstblg
7. ^okjortfgk= porghgkjgk hgk pokyolpftgk pghg sgcurgk
kgpgs ygkj lokyo`g`dgk sosgd gtgu sucft `orkgpgs. ^okyo`g` gtgu polfeu tormghfkyg
gslg ghgcgb gjok gcorjok soportf ho`u, tukjgu, poru`gbgk eugeg hgk cgfkkyg.
0. Lodgkfslo= prisos fkacglgsf drikfd sgcurgk kgpgs gtgs
lokyo`g`dgk i`strudsf mgcgk kgpgs ygkj lokjbgl`gt gcfrgk uhgrg. I`strudsf hgpgt
 `orupg `rikdispgslo, oholg hgk bfporsodrosf.
5. Lgkfaostgsf dcfkfs= `ukyf kgpgs wboozfkj, `gtud,
sosgd kgpgs, kgpgs torsokjgc-sokjgc.
8. ^okgkjgkgk= fkbgcgsf, lokjbfkhgrf agdtir polfeu,
 pol`orfgk idsfjok, pol`orfgk `rikebihfcgtir locgcuf fkbgcgsf.

0. ^risos Doporgwgtgk
G. Aidus ^okjdgmfgk
7. ^okfkjdgtgk aroduoksf kgpgs (aroduoksf kgpgs kirlgc,
 `gyf= >-0 `ucgk=
dohgcglgk 5>-1>x/lokft,
fkspfrgsf kgpgs ygkj 0-70 `ucgk= lokukmudgk
lolgkmgkj 5>-?>x/lokft, 70-?6 `ucgk=
i`strudsf mgcgk 0>-8>x/lokft),
kgpgs gtgs,
 `gtud, sputul, hfspkou, tgdfpkou, sugrg kgpgs g`kirlgc, `oktud hghg g`kirlgc,
 pokjjukggk itit `gktu porkgpgsgk. Bfportorlf lokukmudgk ghgkyg prisos fkaodsf.
0. ^ghg dgsus gsafdsfg hfporcudgk pokjdgmfgk= rfwgygt
 porfkgtgc= lodikful, prolgturftgs, G^JGP sdir.
5. ^ghg dgsus X@E hfporcudgk pokjdgmfgk rfwgygt
flukfsgsf @EJ, dikhfsf cfkjdukjgk, sul`or torpgpgr pokygdft, ghgkyg `ukyf rohup,
pokurukgk sugrg pgru pghg sggt pordusf, bgsfc tos lgktiux pisftfa.
8. ^ghg dgsus gstblg= rfwgygt docugrjg hokjgk
gstblg, odspfrgsf ygkj lolgkmgkj hgpgt lokukmudgk jgkjjugk i`strudsf ygkj
hftgkhgf hokjgk torhokjgr `ukyf wboozfkj, sul`or gcorjok.
?. ^ghg dgsus pkoulikfg= `gtud prihudtfa, sputul
doktgc, torhokjgr `ukyf rikdbf, ghgkyg rotrgdsf hfkhfkj hghg, porkgpgsgk eupfkj
bfhukj.
1. Bgsfc cg`irgtirful= poru`gbgk kfcgf GJH,
pokfkjdgtgk coudisft, pokfkjdgtgk COH.
:. Bgsfc polorfdsggk hfgjkistfd= R-rgy ghgkyg fkafctrgt
pghg cgpgkj pgru.
@. Aidus Lgsgcgb
Lgsgcgb doporgwgtgk ygkj sorfkj lukeuc pghg dgsus sfstol porkgpgsgk=
7. @orsfbgk mgcgk kgags tfhgd oaodtfa lorupgdgk dikhfsf
mgcgk kgags ygkj tfhgd kirlgc gdf`gt ghgkyg pokulpudgk sputul ygkj doktgc gtgu
 `orco`fbgk ygkj sucft uktud hfdocugrdgk. Hgtg lgyir= `gtud tfhgd oaodtfa/ tfhgd lglpu
 `gtud, sputul `orco`fb gtgu i`strudsf mgcgk kgpgs, lodikful hf mgcgk kgpgs (pghg
koikgtus), wboozfkj hgk gtgu rikdbf.
0. ^icg kgpgs tfhgd oaodtfa ghgcgb dikhfsf fkspfrgsf hgk gtgu
 odspfrgsf ygkj tfhgd lol`orfdgk voktfcgsf ghodugt. Hgtg lgyir= pokjjukggk itit
 `gktu kgpgs, agso odspfrgsf lolgkmgkj, picg kgpgs g`kirlgc.

5. Jgkjjugk portudgrgk jgs ghgcgb dikhfsf doco`fbgk

gtgu dodurgkjgk idsfjokgsf hgk gtgu ocflfkgsf dgr`ikhfidsfhg pghg lol`rgk
gcvoicus dgpfcor. Hgtg lgyir= ^EI0 lokfkjdgt gtgu lokuruk, ^I0 lokuruk, ^B
grtorf lokfkjdgt gtgu lokuruk, torhgpgt `ukyf kgpgs tgl`gbgk, hfsgpkou.
8. Bfportorlfg ghgcgb subu tu`ub lokfkjdgt hf gtgs
roktgkj kirlgc tu`ub. Hgtg lgyir= subu tu`ub hf gtgs kirlgc (;5:,?¾E)
E. Aidus fktorvoksf hgk flpcoloktgsf
^ghg jgkjjugk sfstol porkgpgsgk, fktorvoksf `oraidus pghg UI^ prisohur
ko`ucfzor/ fkbgcgsf, suetfik, rosusftgsf koikgtus, afsfitorgpf hghg, pol`orfgk
idsfjok, dilpros bgkjgt, pol`orfgk pisfsf. Dicg`irgsf pol`orfgk i`gt
pokjokeor hgbgd,
 `rikdbihfcgtir, gktf`fitfd. ^okhfhfdgk dosobgtgk= lokjgkmurdgk uktud lfkul bgkjgt,
lokfkjdgtgk gsupgk kutrfsf hgk pokeojgbgk pokucgrgk X@E, lokjbfkhgrf gccorjok.
H. Aidus ovgcugsf
7. @orsfbgk mgcgk kgags oaodtfa hftgkhgf hokjgk tfhgd ghg
 `gtud, tfhgd ghg sputul, tfhgd ghg lodikful hf mgcgk kgpgs (koikgtus), sugrg kgpgs
vosfducor, tfhgd ghg wboozfkj hgk/rikdbf.
0. ^icg kgpgs oaodtfa hftgkhgf hokjgk voktfcgsf ghodugt,
tfhgd ghg pokjjukggk itit `gktu kgpgs, picg kgpgs kirlgc, aroduoksf kgpgs hgcgl
`gtgs kirlgc.
5. Xfhgd tormghf jgkjjugk portudgrgk jgs hftgkhgf
hokjgk kfcgf GJH hgcgl `gtgs kirlgc, tfhgd torhgpgt `ukyf kgpgs tgl`gbgk.
8. Bfportorlfg tfhgd tormghf hftgkhgf hokjgk subu
tu`ub kirlgc (51,?¾E-5:,?¾E).

0. Ufstol Dgrhfivgsducgr
7. Lgtorf
G. ^okygdft Mgktukj @gwggk(^M@)
7. ^okjortfgk= ^M@ lorupgdgk docgfkgk pghg strudtur
mgktukj hgk aukjsf sfrducgsf mgktukj ygkj hfhgpgt somgd cgbfr. ^M@ lolfcfdf hug
dcgsfafdgsf
ygftu ^M@ kik sfgkitfd hgk sfgkitfd.
0. Lodgkfslo= ^M@ sfgkitfd hftgkhgf hokjgk ghg sfgkisfs
gdf`gt ghgkyg pfrgu dgkgk do dfrf sobfkjjg hgrgb hgrf vokg sfstolfd ygkj
lokjgkhukj rokhgb idsfjok gdgk dol`gcf do sfrducgsf. ^gcfkj `gkygd ^M@ sfgkitfd
ghgcgb Xotrgcijf ia Agccit.
5. ^M@ gsfgkitfd ghgcgb ^M@ tgkpg jomgcg sfgkisfs.
Dgsus tor`gkygd ghgcgb ^gtok Huetus Grtorfisus (^HG). ^ghg ^M@ gsfgkitfd,
tormghf
 poreglpurgk hgrgb hgrf girtg ygkj `gkygd lokjgkhukj I0 hokjgk hgrgb hgrf grtorf
 puclikgc ygkj lokjgkhukj EI0.
8. Lgkfaostgsf dcfkfs= ^M@ lolfcfdf jomgcg torhgpgt
 pokfkjdgtgk gtgu pokurukgk todgkgk hgrgb, egrhfilojgcf, bopgtilojgcf, mgrf tg`ub
torhokjgr `ukyf lurlur mgktukj, Egpfccgry Poafcc Xflo ;5 hotfd, kghf porfaor torg`g
colgb, tglpgd puegt, jocfsgb. ^M@ sfgkisfs lolfcfdf jomgcg= do`frugk pghg lueisg,
sosgd kgpgs torutglg sotocgb `orgdtfafdtgs, kgpgs eopgt hgk hgcgl, colgb, hgpgt
 lokjgcglf domgkj/sfkdip. Ufgkisfs tfhgd `ordurgkj hokjgk pol`orfgk idsfjok,

lokjgcglf jgkjjugk portul`ubgk ygkj drikfs (pokjurgkjgk colgd su` eutgk, itit
lokjoefc, @@ hgk X@ tfhgd iptflgc), lokjgcglf jgkjjugk pordol`gkjgk.
^M@ gsfgkitfd lolfcfdf jomgcg sosgd kgpgs, kgpgs torsokjgc-sokjgc, tgdfdgrhf, luhgb
cocgb, tfhgd kgpsu lgdgk, jgkjjugk portul`ubgk hgk pordol`gkjgk.
?. ^okgkjgkgk= pol`orfgk idsfjok, pol`orfgk pisfsf dkoo
ebost
hgrf 7pghg `gyf
tgbuk, usfg durgkj
pol`gtgsgk hgrf 7 tgbuk,
gdtfvftgs, pol`orfgk
polgktgugk pisfsf
tul`ub squgtfkj pghg usfg co`fb
dol`gkj.

0. ^okhodgtgk ^risos Doporgwgtgk

G. Aidus pokjdgmfgk
7. Pfwgygt docgbfrgk, rfwgygt docugrjg hokjgk docgfkgk
 `gwggk, tglpgd sfgkisfs, egrhfilojgcf, torhokjgr `ukyf lurlur mgktukj, aroduoksf
kghf lokfkjdgt gtgu lokuruk (`gyf `gru cgbfr= 78>-71>x/lkt `gyf= 7>>-71>x/lokft,
gkgd= :>-70x/lokft, rolgmg= 1>-7>>x/lokft). Egpfccgry Poafcc Xflo ;5 hotfd, kghf
 porfaor torg`g colgb, tglpgd puegt, jocfsgb, sosgd kgpgs torutglg sotocgb `orgdtfaftgs
soportf `gyf sggt lokyusu, gkgd sggt `orlgfk, kgpgs eopgt hgk hgcgl, colgb, hgpgt
lokjgcglf domgkj/sfkdip, @@ hgk X@ tfhgd iptflgc, pordol`gkjgk tfhgd sosugf usfg,
rfwgygt fkaodsf porkgpgsgk `orucgkj, ghgkyg mgrf tg`ub, bopgtilojgcf, holgl
(lokukmudgk ghgkyg fkaodsf).
0. Bgsfc cg`irgtirful= GJH, bgsfc polorfdsggk hfgjkistfd=
R rgy torhgpgt bopgtilojgcf, egrhfilojgcf, odbidgrhfijrgaf, ODJ, dgtotor mgktukj
@. Aidus lgsgcgb
7. ^okurukgk eurgb mgktukj ghgcgb dotfhgdghodugtgk
mgktukj lolilpg hgrgb uktud lolokubf do`utubgk lotg`icfslo tu`ub. Hgtg
lgyir=
 poru`gbgk frglg mgktukj, poru`gbgk todgkgk hgrgb, kghf porfaor torg`g colgb, jocfsgb,
sugrg lurlur.
0. Fkticorgksf gdtfaftgs ghgcgb dotfhgdeudupgk okorjf uktud
locgdudgk gdtfaftgs sobgrf-bgrf. Hgtg lgyir= aroduoksf mgktukj lokfkjdgt, lokjocub
cocgb.

5. Jgkjjugk
fkhfvfhu lokjgcglf jgkjugk portul`ubgk
dolglpugk `ortul`ubhgk
hgkpordol`gkjgk. Dikhfsf
`ordol`gkj sosugf hokjgk
docilpid usfg. Hgtg lgyir= tfhgd lglpu locgdudgk dotrglpfcgk gtgu prfcgdu dbgs
sosugf usfg, portul`ubgk afsfd torjgkjju.
E. Aidus fktorvoksf hgk flpocoloktgsf
^ol`orfgk idsfjok, pol`orfgk pisfsf dkoo ebost pghg `gyf usfg durgkj hgrf 7 tgbuk,
 pol`orfgk pisfsf squgtfkj pghg usfg co`fb hgrf 7 tgbuk, pol`gtgsgk
gdtfvftgs,
 polgktgugk tul`ub dol`gkj. ^ol`orfgk oktorfkj aoohfkj (GUF locgcuf IJX),
hfot sofl`gkj, stflucgsf (pghg `gyf)
H. Aidus Ovgcugsf
7. ^okurukgk eurgb mgktukj= eurgb mgktukj tfhgd lokjgcglf
 pokurukgk hftgkhgf hokjgk frglg mgktukj kirlgc, todgkgk hgrgb kirlgc sosugf usfg,
kghf porfaor torg`g dugt.
0 Fkticorgksf gdtfaftgs= hgpgt lokticorgksf gdtfaftgs hokjgk
 aroduoksf mgktukj kirlgc, tfhgd lokjocub cocgb.

5. Jgkjjugk portul`ubgk hgk pordol`gkjgk= gkgd

tul`ub hgk dol`gkj iptflgc sosugf hokjgk docilpid usfg.

5. Ufstol ^okeorkggk
7. Lgtorf
G. Hfgro
7. ^okjortfgk= fkvgsf `gdtorf pghg lueisg usus lokyo`g`dgk
 porghgkjgk.
0. Lodgkfslo= `gdtorf lgsud usus lokjgcglf porghgkjgk
hgk lokjjgkjju litfcftgs usus, lokyo`g`dgk `orgd egfr ;5x sobgrf hokjgk
diksfstoksf okeor. ^okjocugrgk egfrgk `orco`fbgk gdgk lokyo`g`dgk hobfhrgsf.
Gpg`fcg porghgkjgk hfso`g`dgk icob dulgk hfsoktrf gdgk lokyo`g`dgk ucsorgsf ygkj
hftgkhgf hokjgk `orgd hgrgb.
5. Lgkfaostgsf dcfkfs= `orgd egfr ;5x/bgrf hokjgk
diksfstoksf okeor, turjir ducft dol`gcf cgl`gt/sgkjgt cgl`gt, lgtg eodukj, lol`rgk
ludisg dorfkj, dolorgbgk pghg porfgkgc.
8. ^okgkjgkgk= por`gfdgk dotfhgdsofl`gkjgk egfrgk hgk
ocodtricft
egfrgk pghglocgcuf
gkgd robfhrgsf
= soegrg irgc hgk gtgu pgroktorgc. ^orbftukjgk do`utubgk

@@ ≨7> Dj =7>> ee/Dj/@@/Bgrf

@@ 7>-0>= 7>>> ee + ?> ee x (@@-7>)/Dj/@@/bgrf
@@ ;0>= 7?>> ee + 0> ee x (@@-0>)/Dj/@@/bgrf
Eiktib = Uoirgkj gkgd hokjgk @@ 05 dj lgdg do`utubgk egfrgkkyg ghgcgb 7?
>> + 0> x (05-0>) < 7?>> + 1> < 7?1> ee/bgrf
@. Bfrsebprukj
7. ^okjortfgk= gkilgcf dikjokftgc hokjgk dgrodtorfstfd
tfhgd ghgkyg sgrga-sgrga pghg sgtu `gjfgk usus ygkj lokjgdf`gtdgk ghgkyg i`strudsf.

0. Lodgkfslo=
pgrgsflpgtfd itikil pghg sgtu tfhgdlokyo`g`dgk
sojlok dicik ghgkyg soc jgkjcfik
durgkjkyg
porsgrgagk hf sojlok
torso`ut `orhglpgd tfhgd ghgkyg jorgdgk lokhirikj ygkj lokyo`g`dgk gdulucgsf
fsf usus hgk hfstoksf usus pridsflgc
5. Lgkfaostgsf Dcfkfs= dikstfpgsf, pol`osgrgk
g`hilok, luktgb, @G@ soportf pftg
8. ^okgkjgkgk= pol`ohgbgk hokjgk tumugk lol`ugkj
soc gjgkjcfik sortg pol`ugtgk dicistilf uktud lol`gktu hoaodgsf
E. Bypor`fcfru`fk gtgu Fetorus koikgtus
7. ^okjortfgk bfpor`fcfru`fkolfg ghgcgb pokfkjdgtgk
 `fcfru`fk hgcgl hgrgb. Fdtorfd pghg `gyf hfdcgsfafdgsfdgk so`gjgf `orfdut= Fetorus
afsficijfs lucgf tfl`uc bgrf do 7-0 hgk lokjbfcgkj lucgf bgrf ?-7> hokjgk dghgr
 `fcfru`fk pghg `gyf eudup `ucgk 3 70 lj/hc hgk @@CP 3 7>lj/hc. Fetorus pgticijfs=
lucgf tfl`uc 3 08 mgl hgk `fcfru`fk titgc ;7? lj/hc.
 0. Lodgkfslo= `gyf sotocgb cgbfr gdgk lokjdikmukjgsf
 `fcfru`fk ygkj cgrut hgcgl colgd lokmghf ygkj cgrut hgcgl gfr. ^risos fkf tormghf hf

hgcgl bgtf. @fcfru`fk lorupgdgk prihud poloegbgk B` ygkj `orgsgc hgrf soc hgrgb
lorgb. ^okfkjdgtgk dghgr `fcfru`fk fkhfrod pghg `gyf `gru cgbfr dgrokg ghgkyg
jgkjjugk poloegbgk `fcfru`fk.
5. Lgkfaostgsf Dcfkfs= Dukfkj pghg ducft, sdcorg,
hgk lol`rgk ludisg lucut, `fcfru`fk sorul ;0 lj/hC.
8. ^okgkjgkgk= aititorgpf, trgksausf tudgr, pol`orfgk
GUF odsdcusfa, torgpf sfkgr lgtgbgrf, pol`orfgk egfrgk/kutrfsf
Egrg lokjbftukj horgmgt fetorus hokjgk Drglor 
Horgmgt F < dopgcg cobor < dghgr `fcfru`fk ?.> lj%. Horgmgt FF < dopgcg cobor sglpgf
 `ghgk (gtgs ul`fcfeus) < 6.>lj%. Horgmgt FFF < dopgcg cobor sglpgf `ghgk
(`gwgb ul`fcfeus bfkjjg gtgs cutut) < 77.8lj %. Horgmgt FQ < dopgcg cobor
sglpgf `ghgk, sortg tukjdgf gtgs hgk `gwgb < 70.8lj%. Horgmgt Q < dopgcg cobor
sglpgf `ghgk, sortg tukjdgf gtgs hgk `gwgb sglpgf tocgpgd, tgkjgk hgk dgdf <
71.>lj%.
H. Jfzf @urud 
7. ^okjortfgk= jfzf `urud ghgcgb dodurgkjgk gsupgk
ygkj lokjgkhukj okorjf hgk pritofk.
0. Lodgkfslo= durgkjkyg gsupgk okorjf hgk pritofk gdgk
lokyo`g`dgk
lolpokjgrubfsoc tu`ub dodurgkjgk
portul`ubgk kutrfsf. ^ghg gkgd dodurgkjgk kutrfsf gdgk
hgk pordol`gkjgk.
5. Lgkfaostgsf Dcfkfs= puegt, durus, porut `ukeft,
oholg, ludg tglpgd tug, dobfcgkjgk lgssg itit, @@ hgk X@ tfhgd sosugf,
rgl`ut luhgb
 pgtgb, dusgl, dorfkj `orwgrkg lorgb. Ducft `orsfsfd, gkolfg, dikmuketfvg puegt.
8. ^okgkjgkgk= pol`orfgk kutrfsf lgdri hgk lfdri,
 pokhfhfdgk dosobgtgk pghg irgkj tug toktgkj polokubgk do`utubgk kutrfsf pghg gkgd.

0. ^okhodgtgk ^risos Doporgwgtgk

G. Aidus pokjdgmfgk
7. Gktripilotrf= @@, X@, CD, cfkjdgr cokjgk, cfkjdgr
hghg hfsosugfdgk hokjgk usfg.
0. Docubgk ghgkyg lugc, luktgb, tfhgd kgasu
lgdgk, doghggk colgb, colgs, puegt, durus, pokurukgk @@ ; 7> %.
5. ^okfkjdgtgk subu tu`ub so`gjgf tgkhg ghgkyg fkaodsf
hgk gtgu hobfhrgsf. ^oru`gbgk `fsfkj usus, dikstfpgsf, docubgk dol`ukj (tfhgd
kyglgk hf
 porut), hfgro. Bgsfc cg`irgtirful= pritofk, gc`ulfk, B`, ocodtricft, dflfg hgrgb, GJH
8. ^ghg d gsus H fgro=
Aroduoksf @G@ ;5x/bgrf, diksfstoksf aoeos egfr, dolorgbgk pghg hgorgb porfgkgc,
horgmgt hobfhrgsf= rfkjgk, sohgkj, `orgt. Bgsfc polorfdsggk tfkmg hftoludgk ghgkyg
 `gdtorf gtgu hgrgb. Xgkhg hobfhrgsf rfkjgk= pokurukgk @@ 0-?%, turjir dol`gcf
sojorg, lueisg `f`fr dorfkj, u`uk-u`uk hgtgr (usfg 3 hgrf 08 `ucgk), bgus lfkul
hokjgk cgbgp, lgtg eodukj. Xgkhg hobfhrgsf sohgkj= pokurukgk @@ ?-2%, turjir ducft
dol`gcf cgl`gt, u`uk-u`uk eodukj, lgtg eodukj. Xgkhg hobfhrgsf `orgt= cotgrjf,
dosghgrgk lokuruk pokurukgk @@ ;7> %, turjir dol`gcf sgkjgt cgl`gt, eu`ftgk ducft
 porut dol`gcf cgl`gt, lol`rgk ludisg dorfkj, lgtg eodukj, hgk tfhgd lgu lfkul.

?. ^ghg dgsus Bfrsebprukj=

Ghgkyg rfwgygt docgfkgk jokotfd, hfstoksf g`hilok, @G@ soportf pftg, dikstfpgsf,
luktgb, `gyf rowoc, tfhgd ghgkyg pokjocurgk lodikful 08-82 mgl docgbfrgk.
I`sorvgsf istilf= wgrkg istilf, ghg tfhgdkyg frftgsf pghg istilf hgk ducft sodftgrkyg,
 pokub tfhgdkyg dgktikj dicistilf. Bgsfc polorfdsggk hfgjkistfd= bgsfc _UJ/R-rgy
hftoludgk lojg dicik. ^olorfdsggk hokjgk `grful okolg, `fipsy rodtgc
1. ^ghg dgsus Bfpor`fcfru`fkolfg=
^rolgturftgs, Fdtorfd, horgmgt drglor, dghgr @fcfru`fk titgc ;7?lj/hc, polorfdsggk
tfkmg, B`, polorfdsggk rosus.
:. ^ghg dgsus jfzf `urud=
^uegt, durus, ludg tglpgd tug, ducft dorfkj `orfsfsfd, rgl`ut lorgb hgk luhgb pgtgb,
oholg pghg dgdf, porut `ukeft.
@. Aidus lgsgcgb
7. Hoafsft viculo
egfrgk/Bfpivicolfg/jgkjjugk dosofl`gkjgk egfrgk hgk ocodtricft
Ghgcgb pokurukgk viculo egfrgk fktrgvgsducor, fktortstftfoc hgk gtgu
fktrgsocucor hftgkhgf hokjgk kghf torg`g colgb, todgkgk hgrgb lokuruk/
lokfkjdgt, turjir ducft lokuruk, lol`rgk ludisg dorfkj, viculo urfk
lokuruk, hgk tgkhg-tgkhg hobfhrgsf,
subu tu`ub lokfkjdgt, @@ turuk, torsg colgb, lokjocub bgus, EPX ;5 hotfd 
0. Dotfhgdsofl`gkjgk kutrfsf durgkj hgrf do`utubgk/
hoafsft kutrfsf
Ghgcgb gsupgk kutrfsf tfhgd eudup uktud lolokubf do`utubgk lotg`icfslo.
Hftgkhgf hokjgk pokurukgk @@ lfkflgc 7>%. Lol`rgk ludisg puegt, rgl`ut
riktid, kgasu lgdgk lokuruk, sorul gc`ulfk lokuruk.
5. Jgkjjugk fktojrftgs ducft
Ghgcgb dorusgdgk ducft hgk mgrfkjgk hftgkhgf hokjgk dorusgdgk mgrfkjgk gtgu cgpfsgk
ducft, kyorf, dolorgbgk, coeot.
8. Dikstfpgsf
Ghgcgb pokurukgk hoaodgsf kirlgc hfsortgf pokjocugrgk aoeos sucft hgk tfhgd
tuktgs,
sortg aoeos dorfkj hgk `gkygd, Hftgkhgf=hoaodgsf `ordurgkj/ tfhgd `fsg,
pokjocugrgk aoeos cglg hgk sucft, aoeos dorgs, porfstgctfd lokuruk, hfstoksf g`hilok,
torg`g lgssg
 pghg rodtgc.
?. Fdtorfd K oikgtus
Ghgcgb ducft hgk lol`rgk ludisg koikgtus dukfkj. Hftgkhgf hokjgk
pokfkjdgtgk
dghgr `fcfru`fk, lol`rgk ludisg, ducft, hgk sdcorg dukfkj, rfwgygt prolgtur.
E. Aidus fktorvoksf hgk flpcoloktgsf
7. Xfkjdgtdgk bfhrgsf ygkj ghodugt= pgktgu stgtus
bfhrgsf (egtgt gsupgk hgk bgcurgk egfrgk, tfl`gkj `orgt `ghgk, ovgcugsf
dgrgdtorfstfd urfko (wgrkg, mulcgb, aroduoksf), likftir hobfhrgsf, pol`orfgk
irgcft.
0. ^ol`orfgk egfrgk fktrgvokg sosugf fkhfdgsf.
5. ^orgwgtgk dicistilf sosugf hokjgk UI^.
8. ^orgwgtgk aititorgpf.
 ?. ^orgwgtgk do`orsfbgk ducft hgorgb porfgkgc pghg hfgro=
lol`orsfbdgk lokjjukgdgk gfr doluhfgk hfdorfkjdgk, lokjjgktf hfgpor sotfgp dgcf
hfgro, bfkhgrf pokjjukggk tfsuo `gsgb.
H. Aidus ovgcugsf
7. Xfhgd tormghf hoafsft viculo
egfrgk/Bfpivicolfg/jgkjjugk dosofl`gkjgk egfrgk hgk ocodtricft= kghf torg`g kirlgc,
todgkgk hgrgb kirlgc, turjir ducft dol`gcf sojorg, lol`rgk ludisg col`g`, viculo
urfk sosugf, tfhgd ghg tgkhg- tgkhg hobfhrgsf, subu tu`ub kirlgc.
0. Xfhgd tormghf jgkjjugk kutrfsf, hftgkhgf hokjgk
dokgfdgk @@, lol`rgk ludisg tfhgd puegt, kgasu lgdgk lokfkjdgt.
5. Fktojrftgs ducft `gfd= tfhgd ghg dolorgbgk, frftgsf, coeot
hgk kyorf.
8. Xfhgd ghg docubgk dikstfpgsf= @G@ cgkegr, `fsfkj
usus kirlgc, tfhgd ghg hfstoksf g`hilok.
?. Xfhgd tormghf Fdtorfd Koikgtus, hftgkhgf hokjgk dghgr
 `fcfru`fk hgcgl `gtgs kirlgc, tfhgd ghg dukfkj pghg socurub tu`ub.

8. Ufstol fktojulokt
7. Lgtorf
G. Eglpgd 
G. ^okjortfgk
Eglpgd/lir`fcf ghgcgb fkaodsf ygkj hfso`g`dgk icob pgrglyxivfrus.
@. Lodgkfslo= vfrus eglpgd lgsud do hgcgl tu`ub locgcuf uhgrg,
diktgd cgkjsukj hokjgk sodrosf bfhukj gtgu tokjjiridgk.
E. Lgkfaostgsf dcfkfs= holgl, lgtg lorgb/dikmuketfvftfs, `oregd
dog`u-g`ugk pghg lucut hgk tokjjiridgk, tfl`uc `oregd dicpfd‖s
 pghg lueisg pfpf / hgorgb lucut, tfl`uc rugl pghg ducft hflucgf
hgrf `ocgdgkj tocfkjg lokyo`gr do socurub tu`ub.
H. ^okgkjgkgk= pol`orfgk kutrfsf ygkj ghodugt, flukfsgsf, fsicgsf
uktud lokeojgb pokucgrgk, lolportgbgkdgk do`orsfbgk hfrf.

0. ^okhodgtgk ^risos Doporgwgtgk

G. Aidus pokjdgmfgk
Xfl`uc rugl pghg ducft hflucgf hgrf `ocgdgkj tocfkjg lokyo`gr do socurub
tu`ub, hfsortgf hokjgk docubgk jgtgc, ghgkyg coeot `odgs jgrudgk, ducft dorfkj,
tglpgd ditir, locgpirdgk dodgwgtfrgk mfdg lgkhf.
@. Aidus lgsgcgb
7. Jgkjjugk fktojrftgs ducft= ghgcgb dorusgdgk ducft hgk
 mgrfkjgk hftgkhgf hokjgk dorusgdgk mgrfkjgk gtgu cgpfsgk ducft, kyorf, dolorgbgk,
coeot, hgk jgtgc.

0. Hoafsft porgwgtgk hfrf= ghgcgb tfhgd lglpu locgdudgk

 gtgu lokyocosgfdgk gdtfaftgs porgwgtgk hfrf hftgkhgf hokjgk tfhgd lglpu lgkhf,
lfkgt locgdudgk porgwgtgk hfrf durgkj, lokicgd locgdudgk porgwgtgk hfrf.

E. Aidus fktorvoksf hgk Flpcoloktgsf

^orgwgtgk ducft= lgkhf, lokyodg tu`ub hokjgk wgsbcgp `gsgb.
H. Aidus ovgcugsf
7. Xfhgd tormghf jgkjjugk fktojrftgs ducft hftgkhgf
hokjgk tfhgd ghg dolorgbgk, ducft col`g`, ducft tglpgd `orsfb.
0.
torgtur, ducft `orsfb. Do`orsfbgk hfrf tormgjg hftgkhgf hokjgk lgkhf

@. Ufstol ^orsgrgagk
7. Lgtorf
G. Domgkj Holgl
7. ^okjortfgk= domgkj ygkj hfso`g`dgk dgrokg dokgfdgk
subu tu`ub ; 52,8¾E tgkpg ghgkyg fkaodsf susukgk sgrga pusgt gtgu jgkjjugk
ocodtricft.
0. Lodgkfslo= pokfkjdgtgk subu tu`ub lokyo`g`dgk
kourik soc itgd lokmghf bfporsoksftfa hgk gdtfa soegrg `orco`fbgk ygkj lolfeu gcfrgk
cfstrfd
 `orco`fbgk sobfkjjg domgkj.
5. Lgkfaostgsf dcfkfs= holgl co`fb hgrf 52,8¾E, domgkj
lokyoktgd hgk gtgu dgdu itit, jorgdgk lgtg g`kirlgc (lgtg hgpgt `orputgr-putgr gtgu
do gtgs), pokurukgk dosghgrgk, dobfcgkjgk diktric dgkhukj dolfb gtgu porjorgdgk
usus, hgk luktgb.
8. ^okgkjgkgk= torgpf agrlgdicijf= gktfpfrotfd hgk torgpf
domgkj (hfgzopgl soegrg rodtgc/FQ), hf rulgb hfgzopgl rodtgc. Xorgpf kik
agrlgdicijf= @grfkjdgk pgsfok hf tolpgt rgtg, sfkjdfrdgk `okhg ygkj ghg hf sodftgr
 pgsfok, locikjjgrdgk pgdgfgk, tfhgd lolgsuddgk sosugtu do lucut gkgd, mgkjgk
lolgdsg lol`udg lucut gkgd, dilpros, pisfsf dopgcg lfrfkj uktud lokeojgb
gspfrgsf. ^okhfhfdgk dosobgtgk pokgkjgkgk domgkj hf rulgb.
@. Lokfkjftfs
7. ^okjortfgk= fkaodsf pghg socgput itgd (lokfkjok)
ygkj hfso`g`dgk dgrokg `gdtorf hgk vfrus gtgu mglur.
0. Lodgkfslo=
locgcuf gcfrgk hgrgb ygkj `orgsgc irjgkfslo
hgrf sodrot lgsud
bfhukj hgk do hgcgl
sodrot tocfkjg.itgd
Fkvgsf
dulgk
lokyo`g`dgk XFD lokfkjdgt, sobfkjjg lokjgdf`gtdgk jgkjjugk porausf mgrfkjgk
soro`rgc. Fkvgsf dulgk mujg hgpgt lokyo`g`dgk jgkjjugk aukjsf sfstol rojucgsf
 `orupg bfportolfg ygkj lokyo`g`dgk jgkjjugk lotg`icfslo itgd hgk jgkjjugk
dosofl`gkjgk fik dgcful hgk kgtrful sobfkjjg tormghf domgkj.
5. Lgkfaostgsf dcfkfs= pokfkjdgtgk XFD (domgkj, sgdft dopgcg,
 poru`gbgk tfkjdgt dosghgrgk), dgdu duhud, tgkhg Dorkfj pisftfa, tgkhg @ruzfkzdf
 pisftfa, hgk aitipi`fg.
8. ^okgkjgkgk= porgwgtgk wgdtu domgkj= bfsgp cokhfr,
eojgb efhorg, hgk cikjjgrdgk `gmu.
?. ^okji`gtgk sflptilgtfd= uktud domgkj hgk pgkgs.
1. ^okji`gtgk supirtfa= pol`orfgk egfrgk fktrgvokg,
fsicgsf, lolportgbgkdgk bfhrgsf lgdsflgc, lokeojgb hgk lokjgtgsf dilpcfdgsf,
 lolportgbgkdgk voktfcgsf, lokjurgkjf todgkgk fktrgdrgkfgc ygkj lokfkjdgt,
 pokgkjgkgk syid.

E. Bfhrisopgcus
7. ^okjortfgk= sugtu doghggk pgticijf itgd ygkj
lokjgdf`gtdgk `ortgl`gbkyg egfrgk soro`rispfkgcfs ygkj hfso`g`dgk `gfd icob
 prihudsf ygkj `orco`fb lgupuk jgkjjugk g`sir`s hokjgk gtgu tfhgd hfsortgf XFD
ygkj lokfkjjf sobfkjjg tormghf poco`grgk rugkj tolpgt gcfrgk EUU.
0. Lodgkfslo= dikhfsf EUU ygkj g`kirlgc hgpgt
hfso`g`dgk dgrokg prihudsf cfduir ygkj `orco`fb, pokfkjdgtgk rosfstoksf gcfrgk cfduir,
hgk
 pokfkjdgtgk todgkgk sfkus vokisg, ygkj `orhglpgd pghg pokfkjdgtgk XFD.
5. Lgkfaostgsf dcfkfs= pol`osgrgk dopgcg g`kirlgc (CD ;
8> el), sukdok oyos, aiktgkoc tor`udg hgk tojgkj, tucgkj dopgcg sgkjgt tfpfs hgk vokg-
vokg lokikmic, hgk pordol`gkjgk lokjgcglf dotorcgl`gtgk.
8. ^okgkjgkgk= tgtg cgdsgkg hokjgk lokjurgkjf
prihudsf egfrgk locgcuf pol`ohgbgk (pol`ugtgk Q^ sbukt).

0. ^okhodgtgk ^risos Doporgwgtgk

G. Aidus ^okjdgmfgk
7. Lokoktudgk dgrgdtorfstfd domgkj ygkj lorupgdgk
jgkjjugk pghg `orhglpgd
g`kirlgc ygkj aukjsf itgd bfcgkjkyg
ygkj kirlgc so`gjgf gdf`gt
dosghgrgk, jorgdgkhgrf gcfrgk
tu`ub ocodtrfd
tfhgd ygkj
tordokhgcf,
 poru`gbgk porfcgdu hgk soksgsf, poru`gbgk sfstol itikil.
0. Lokoktudgk aukjsf sgrga drgkfgc hokjgk locfbgt rospik
 pupfc, lokoktudgk poru`gbgk subu, ghgkyg dgdu duhud, roacox @g`fksdf, Dorkfj, hgk
@ruzfkzdf.
5. Lokoktudgk pokfkjdgtgk todgkgk fktrgdrgkfgc
(aiktgkoc eol`ukj, luktgb priyodtfc, hgk dosghgrgk lokuruk).
8. ^olorfdsggk pokukmgkj= cul`gc pukjsf, OOJ,
sorul ocodtricft hgk jcudisg, ductur hgrgb.
@. Aidus Hfgjkisfs
7. Bfportolfg tormghf dgrokg prisos fkacglgsf hgk fkaodsf.
0. Pfsfdi jgkjjugk porausf mgrfkjgk soro`rgc ygkj
hfso`g`dgk ghgkyg pokurukgk sfrducgsf hgrgb do itgd ygkj hftgkhgf hokjgk ghgkyg
 pokfkjdgtgk todgkgk fktrgergkfgc.
5. Pfsfdi eohorg ygkj tormghf dgrokg ghgkyg domgkj,
 poru`gbgk stgtus loktgc hgk pokurukgk tfkjdgt dosghgrgk.
8. Kyorf ygkj tormghf dgrokg ghgkyg frftgsf cgpfsgk itgd.
E. Aidus Fktorvoksf hgk Flpcoloktgsf
7. Lolportgbgkdgk subu stg`fc (dilpros
bgkjgt/wgtor spikjfkj, gktfpfrotfd, gktf`fitfd)
0. Lokeojgb eohorg hgk domgkj `orucgkj
5. Dicg`irgsf pol`orfgk gktfdikvucsgk
8. ^okhfhfdgk dosobgtgk pghg irgkj tug egrg
pokgkjgkgk domgkj hf rulgb
?. ^ol`orfgk i`gt por roetgc
1. ^orgwgtgk Q ^ s bukt
:. ^orgwgtgk fktojrftgs ducft

2. ^ol`orfgk pisfsf sggt domgkj

6. Utflucgsf tul`ub dol`gkj
H. Aidus Ovgcugsf
7. Xfhgd tormghf domgkj `orucgkj
0. Gkgd tor`o`gs hgrf holgl/eohorg
5. Irgkj tug lolgbglf egrg pokgkjgkgk domgkj hf
rulgb
8. Irgkj tug lolgbglf porgwgtgk Q^ sbukt ygkj
hgpgt
hfcgdudgk icob irgkj tug hf rulgb

E. Ufstol ^ordolfbgk
7. Lgtorf
G. Fkaodsf Ugcurgk Dolfb (FUD)
7. ^okjortfgk= fkaodsf sgcurgk dolfb ygkj hfso`g`dgk
icob ghgkyg fkvgsf lfdriirjgkfslo pghg sgcurgk dolfb.
0. Lodgkfslo= ghgkyg lfdriirjgkfslo ygkj lgsud do
hgcgl sgcurgk dolfb lokjgdf`gtdgk pokurukgk rosfstoksf torbghgp fkvgsf `gdtorf hgk
rosfhu dolfb, sobfkjjg lokmghf lohfg portul`ubgk lfdriirjgkfslo ygkj
socgkmutkyg
hgrf dgkhukjgdgk lokyo`g`dgk
dolfb jgkjjugk
do jfkmgc, dgrokg aukjsfgfr
sorfkjkyg jfkmgc.
dolfbLfdriirjgkfslo ygkj dolfb
tortgbgk hf dgkhukj kgfd

gdgk lokyo`g`dgk hfstoksf `orco`fbgk sobfkjjg lokfl`ucdgk kyorf.

5. Lgkfaostgsf dcfkfs= sgdft sggt `ordolfb, `ordolfb tfhgd
sglpgf tuktgs, ghg rfwgygt durgkj `orsfb sggt `ordolfb, bolgturfg, holgl, hgk kyorf
 pukjjukj hgk pfkjjgkj.
8. ^okgkjgkgk= pol`orfgk gktf`fitfd hgk gktfpfrotfd,
lokfkjdgtdgk gsupgk egfrgk 0-5 ct/bgrf, pokjjukggk pgdgfgk hgcgl tor`ugt hgrf `gbgk
dgtuk, lol`orsfbdgk porfkoul hgrf grgb hopgk do `ocgdgkj.
@. Ufkhril Koaritfd 
7. ^okjortfgk= dikhfsf ygkj hftgkhgf hokjgk pokfkjdgtgk
 porlog`fcftgs lol`rgko jcilorucus torbghgp pritofk ygkj lokjgdf`gtdgk dobfcgkjgk
 pritofk pcgslg ygkj lokyo`g`dgk bypigc`ulfkolfg.
0. Lodgkfslo= lokurukkyg gc`ulfk lokyo`g`dgk
todgkgk islitfd pcgslg lokuruk sobfkjjg egfrgk fktrgvgsducgr `orpfkhgb do hgcgl
fktorstfsfgc. ^orpfkhgbgk egfrgk lokmghfdgk viculo egfrgk fktrgvgsducgr `ordurgkj
sobfkjjg gdgk lokurukdgk mulcgb gcfrgk hgrgb do rokgc. Gdf`gt bfpivicolfg gdgk
 `orhglpgd pghg jfkmgc ygkj gdgk locgdudgk dilpoksgsf hokjgk lorgkjsgkj rokfk
gkjfitoksfk, pokfkjdgtgk sodrosf gktfhfurotfd (GHB) hgk sodrosf gchistorik
sobfkjjg tormghf rotoksf kgtrful hgk gfr lokyo`g`dgk oholg.
5. Lgkfaostgsf dcfkfs= oholg hf sodftgr lgtg
(porfir`ftgc), oholg hf odstrflftgs, oholg gkgsgrdg, gsftos, lgcgfso, sgdft dopgcg.
8. ^okgkjgkgk= pokgtgcgdsgkggk agrlgdicijf= torgpf
dirtfdistorifh, torgpf fllukisuprosgk, hgk torgpf hfurotfd. ^okgtgcgdsgkggk kik
agrlgdicijf= pokeojgbgk fkaodsf, lokeojgb dorusgdgk ducft, kutrfsf (hfot sfkhril
koaritfd) hgk do`utubgk egfrgk (pol`gtgsgk gsupgk egfrgk), fstfrgbgt, hgk hudukjgk
 `gjf gkgd.

0. ^okhodgtgk ^risos Doporgwgtgk

G. Aidus ^okjdgmfgk
7. Gkglkosfs= lokoktudgk agdtir rosfdi fkaodsf sgcurgk
dolfb, lokoktudgk tgkhg dikjostf, frftgsf/dotfhgdkyglgkgk jokftgc, hgrgb hgcgl urfk,
sorfkj lorgsgdgk hirikjgk uktud `ordolfb kgluk urfk ygkj docugr sohfdft, urfk
 `orwgrkg podgt (dghgkj `orhgrgb), dotfhgdkyglgkgk pghg hgorgb porvfs, rgsg sgdft
 pghg hgorgb pu`fs, porgsggk tortodgk pghg hgorgb porut `gjfgk `gwgb, holgl rgsg
tor`gdgr hgk porfb sggt `ordolfb, kyorf hf hgorgb pukjjukj hgk pfkjjgkj, lugc,
luktgb, `orgt `ghgk lokfkjdgt, luhgb cocgb, hgk holgl.
0. Fkspodsf= oholg porfir`ftgc, odstrflftgs, gkgsgrdg,
gsftos, bolgturfg, ghgkyg prurftus, docotfbgk, poru`gbgk wgrkg ducft pghg sfkhril
koaritfd,
 porkgpgsgk eopgt, dotorcgl`gtgk pordol`gkjgk, wgmgb tglpgd sol`g`, dokgfdgk
 `orgt `ghgk.
5. ^gcpgsf= hfstoksf dgkhukj dolfb, oholg cg`fg/sritul.
8. ^olorfdsggk cg`irgtirful= coudisurfg, bolgturfg,
ductur urfk, bftukj dicikf, `gdtorficijf, urfkgcfsfs, hgk pritofk urfk.

@. Aidus Lgsgcgb
7. Doco`fbgk viculo egfrgk hfgdf`gtdgk dorusgdgk pghg
jcilorucus ygkj lokyo`g`dgk pokfkjdgtgk porlog`fcftgs jcilorucus hgk bfcgkjkyg
 pritofk pcgslg, pokurukgk gc`ulfk hgcgl hgrgb, pokurukgk todgkgk islitfd,
 porpfkhgbgk egfrgk fktrgvgsducor do fkstorsfsfgc ygkj lokyo`g`dgk oholg.
0. Kyorf hfdgrokgdgk ghgkyg prisos fkacglgsf pghg
dgkhukj dolfb lokyo`g`dgk i`strudsf sgcurgk dolfb ygkj `orlugrg pghg vosfdg
urfkgrfg ygkj lokjgdf`gtdgk diktrgdsf hf hfkhfkj vosfdg urfkgrfg.
5. ^oru`gbgk picg ocflfkgsf hfso`g`dgk dgrokg
ghgkyg i`strudsf lodgkfd pghg dgkhukj dolfb gtgu strudtur trgdtus urfkgrfus
cgfk ygkj lokyo`g`dgk frftgsf urotrg sobfkjjg lokjgcglf icfjurfg.

E. Aidus Fktorvoksf hgk Flpcoloktgsf

7. Likftir `gcgkeo egfrgk.
0. Likftir bgsfc cg`irgtirful.
5. Likftir dgrgdtorfstfd urfk.
8. Hfot r okhgb kgtrful.
?. Fstfrgbgt hgk gdtfvftgs sofl`gkj.
1. Xobkfd r ocgdsgsf.
:. ^okhfhfdgk dosobgtgk toktgkj porfkogc byjfoko ygkj topgt.
 H. Aidus O v g cu gs f
7 G k g d l o kjgcglf bgcugrgk urfk ygkj ghodugt
sosugf usfg
 0. Oholg ` ordurgkj
5. ^icg ocflfkgsf kirlgc

8. Zgrkg u rfk= m orkfb

?. Irgkj tug locgdudgk porfkogc byjfoko hokjgk topgt
1. Ufstol Bolgticijf hgk Flukicijf

H. Ufstol Bolgticijf hgk Flukicijf

7. Lgtorf
G. Xbgcgsolfg
7. ^okjortfgk= sugtu docilpid gkolfg bolicftfd
dikjokftgc ygkj hfturukdgk soegrg gutisilgc hfso`g`dgk dgrokg dodurgkjgk sfktosfs
rgktgf
 picfpoptfhg ygkj lokyusuk licoduc jci`fk hgk bgolijci`fk.
0. Lodgkfslo= sulsul tucgkj tfhgd lglpu lol`oktud
 pritofk ygkj hf`utubdgk uktud lolprihudsf bolijci`fk so`gjgflgkg lostfkyg
sobfkjjg orftrisft luhgb rusgd (ulur orftrisft co`fb pokhod/durgkj hgrf 7>> bgrf)
gdf`gtkyg tormghf gkolfg.
5. Lgkfaostgsf dcfkfs= puegt, colgb, `orgt `ghgk
durgkj, lolorcudgk trgksausf rutfk, spcokilojgcf, bopgtilojgcy, porut
lol`ukeft, dikmukjtfvg gkolfs, `oktud wgmgb dbgs tbgcgssolfg.
8. ^okgkjgkgk=
pol`orfgk gsgl aicgt, vftglfk trgksausf
O, spcokodtilf, rutfk, portul`ubgk
stflucgsf hokjgk tgl`gbgk
hgk
pordol`gkjgk.
I`sorvgsf oaod sglpfkj docgsf `osf soportf holgl, sgdft porut, sgdft dopgcg, jgtgc,
sudgr `orkgpgs, i`sorvgsf jgkjjugk aukjsf mgktukj (jgjgc mgktukj).

@. Holgl @orhgrgb Hgkjuo

7. ^okjortfgk= holgl ygkj hfso`g`dgk icob vfrus
Hokjuo ygkj hftucgrdgk locgcuf jfjftgk kyglud Gohos Gojyptf.
0. Lodgkfslo= fkaodsf vfrus Hokjuo lokyo`g`dgk
 pokfkjdgtgk porlog`fcftgs hfkhfkj dgpfcor, sobfkjjg egfrgk hgrf fktrgvgsducor docugr
do vgsducor ygkj lokjgdf`gtdgk tormghfkyg pokjurgkjgk viculo pcgslg ygkj
lokyo`g`dgk bfpivicolfg, pokurukgk todgkgk hgrgb, bolidiksoktrgsf, hgk rokmgtgk
holgl.
5. Lgkfaostgsf dcfkfs= holgl hfsortgf sgdft dopgcg, lugc,
hgk kyorf itit socurub tu`ub.
8. ^okgkjgkgk= tgkpg rokmgtgk= pol`orfgk egfrgk irgc
`fcg gkgd lgsfb lgu lfkul hgk tfhgd luktgb, `orfdgk gktfpfrotfd, hgk dilpros
bgkjgt. Mfdg hfsortgf rokmgtgk= pol`orfgk egfrgk pgroktorgc uktud lokjgtgsf hgk
lokjurgkjf rfsfdi syid.

0. ^risos Doporgwgtgk
G. Aidus ^okjdgmfgk
7. ^ghg tbgcgsolfg= luhgb cocgb, cotgrjfs, gkirodsfg, sosgd
kgpgs, poko`gcgk tucgkj drgkfgc, pol`osgrgk cflpg hgk bopgr, sortg lokfpfskyg tucgkj
 dgrtfcgji, dikmukjtfvg puegt, ducft puegt hgk `orwgrkg dog`ugk (bolisfhorisfs),
gkolfg (B` rokhgb), jgkjjugk tul`ub dol`gkj hgk rfwgygt trgksausf hgrgb rutfk.

0. ^ghg HBA= holgl torus lokorus 0-: bgrf,

bopgtilojgcf, tgkhg prosyid (kghf colgb hgk eopgt, todgkgk kghf lokuruk, todgkgk
hgrgb lokuruk, hgk ducft torg`g hfkjfk), torhgpgt potodbfo, umf tiurkfquot pisftfa,
porhgrgbgk jusf, bolgtolosfs, locokg, kyorf sokhf hgk kyorf dopgcg tormghf dgrokg
pokfkjdgtgk
 porlog`fcftgs pol`ucub hgrgb ygkj `orhglpgd ghgkyg do`ieirgk pcgslg.
5. ^olorfdsggk cg`irgtirful= hgrgb topf (B@ lfkflgc 2
j/hc- 6,? j/hc, bolgtridft 55-52%, tril`isft 0>>.>>>/l-8>>.>>>/l, codisft 6.>>>-
70.>>>/ll5), hgk aiti riktjok
8. Dcgsfafdgsf HBA= Horgmgt F = holgl hfsortgf jomgcg tfhgd
dbgs, umf tiukfqut +, Horgmgt FF = horgmgt F hftgl`gb porhgrgbgk spiktgk (porhgrgbgk hf
bfhukj/opfstgdsfs, bolgtolosfs, locokg), Horgmgt FFF = mfdg hftoludgk dojgjgcgk
sfrducgsf hgrgb hokjgk kghf eopgt hgk colgb, todgkgk kghf lokuruk, bfpitoksf hfsortgf
ducft hfkjfk hgk col`g` sortg jocfsgb, Horgmgt FQ = torhgpgt rokmgtgk `orgt, kghf tfhgd
torg`g, todgkgk hgrgb tfhgd torgtur.

@. Aidus Lgsgcgb
7. ^ghg X bgcgsolfg
7. ^orausf porfaor tfhgd oaodtfa hfso`g`dgk
dgrokg
 pokurukgk dilpikok soc hgrgb (orftrisft) ygkj hfporcudgk uktud pokjgkjdutgk
idsfjok
0. Fkticorgksf gdtfvftgs hfso`g`dgk dgrokg
tfhgd
sofl`gkj gktgrg supcgf I0 hgk do`utubgk
0. ^ghg d gsus H BA
7. Bfportolfg dgrokg prisos fkacglgsf, pokfkjdgtgk
cgmu lotg`icfslo, hgk hobfhrgsf
0. Pfsfdi porhgrgbgk hfso`g`dgk
dgrokg tril`isftipokfg.
5. Hoafsft viculo egfrgk hfso`g`dgk
dobfcgkjgk viculo egfrgk gdtfa, hgk dojgjgcgk lodgkfslo rojucgsf.

E. Aidus Fktorvoksf hgk Flpcoloktgsf

7. Xorgpf robfhrgsf irgc/pgroktorgc, likftir
bgsfc cg`irgtirful, lgkgmolok kyorf.
0. Xfkjdgtdgk idsfjokgsf mgrfkjgk, eojgb gtgu lfkflgcdgk
 porhgrgbgk.
5. Fstfrgbgt hgk dilpros.
8. I`sorvgsf tgkhg vftgc tfgp mgl.
?. I`sorvgsf Bt, B` hgk tril`isft soegrg porfihfd.
1. Dicg`irf pol`orfgk trgksausf, likftir rogdsf trgksausf.
:. ^okjgl`fcgk sglpoc hgrgb, umf tiurkfquot, trgksausf hgrgb.
2.Pumud do dilukftgs tgcgsolfg.
 H. Aidus Ovgcugsf

7. Xfhgd ghg tgkhg hobfhrgsf hgk porhgrgbgk,

bgsfc cg`irgtirful hgcgl roktgkj kirlgc.
0. ^orausf porfaor oaodtfa= subu kirlgc, gdrgc bgkjgt, EPX
3 5 hotfd, B` iptflgc 7> lj/hc.

O. Ufstol ^okjfkhorggk
7. Lgtorf
G. Dikmukjtfvftfs
7. ^okjortfgk= fkaodsf gtgu fkacglgsf pghg dikmukjtfvg
lgtg (gdut lgupuk drikfs).
0. Lodgkfslo= lfdriirjgkfslo gtgu gccorjok
lokyo`g`dgk frftgsf pghg docipgd lgtg sobfkjjg docipgd lgtg sudgr lol`udg hgk
lokutup soegrg solpurkg. Docipgd lgtg lokmghf dorfkj sobfkjjg lokyo`g`dgk
dikmukjtfvftfs.
5. Lgkfaostgsf dcfkfs= poco`grgk pol`ucub hgrgb
lokyo`g`dgk porghgkjgk ygkj hftgkhgf hokjgk sdcorg hgk dikmukjtfvg ygkj lorgb,
oholg, rgsg kyorf, hgk ghgkyg sodrot ludipurucok.
8. ^okgkjgkgk= hgpgt bfcgkj/sol`ub sokhfrf torjgktukj
 pokyo`g`. Gktf`fitfd sgcop hgk pol`orsfbgk docipgd lgtg hgpgt hfcgdudgk.

@. Fkaodsf Xocfkjg (Itftfs Lohfg Gdut hgk Itftfs

Lohfg Uupurgtfa Drikfs)
7. ^okjortfgk= ILG hgk ILUD tormghf dgrokg
fkvgsf lfdriirjgkfslo do hgcgl tocfkjg tokjgb. ^ghg ILG tormghf durgkj hgrf
78 bgrf sohgkjdgk ILUD tormghf co`fb hgrf 78 bgrf.
0. Lodgkfslo= lfdriirjgkfslo lgsud do egvul kgsf
hgk tocfkjg lokyo`g`dgk porghgkjgk ygkj lokyo`g`dgk tor`oktudkyg odsuhgt
ygkj torgdulucgsf. Fkaodsf hgpgt lokmgcgr do tucgkj lgstifh hgk tormghf
lgstifhftfs.
5. Lgkfaostgsf dcfkfs= docugr egfrgk odsuhgt hgrf tocfkjg,
gkgd lokjocub sgdft hgk tfhgd kyglgk, dghgkj lokyo`g`dgk pokurukgk aukjsf
 pokhokjgrgk. @fcg tormghf lgstifhftfs hftoludgk ghgkyg pol`okjdgdgk hf `ocgdgkj
tocfkjg.
8. ^okgkjgkgk= ^ol`orfgk gktf`fitfd, totos tocfkjg,
 pol`orsfbgk tocfkjg, hgk ohudgsf egrg lol`orsfbdgk tocfkjg ygkj torhgpgt odsuhgt.

0. ^okhodgtgk ^risos Doporgwgtgk

G. Aidus ^okjdgmfgk
7. ^ghg dikmukjtfvftfs= bfporolfg hf lgtg, ghgkyg
egfrgk ygkj docugr hf lgtg, oholg docipgd lgtg, hgk kyorf.
0. ^ghg ILG/ILUD= ghgkyg egfrgk odsuhgt ygkj
docugr hgrf tocfkjg, dolorgbgk pghg lol`rgko tflpgkf.
5. Lgstifhftfs= kyorf `ocgdgkj tocfkjg, pol`okjdgdgk
  `ocgdgkj tocfkjg, ghgkyg egfrgk docugr hgrf tocfkjg.

@. Aidus Lgsgcgb
7. Jgkjjugk porsopsf soksirfs= pokjcfbgtgk= jgkjjugk
 pokurukgk pokjcfbgtgk ygkj hfso`g`dgk dgrokg ghgkyg prisos fkaodsf pghg
dikmukjtfvg ygkj hftgkhgf hokjgk ghgkyg dolorgbgk/odsuhgt pghg dikmukjtfvg.
0. Kyorf hfso`g`dgk prisos porghgkjgk.
5. Jgkjjugk porsopsf pokhokjgrgk hfso`g`dgk
dgrokg ghgkyg prisos fkaodsf/flacglgsf pghg tocfkjg hgcgl.

E. Aidus Fktorvoksf hgk Flpcoloktgsf

7. Lol`orsfbdgk docipgd lgtg.
0. Lol`orsfbdgk tocfkjg.
5. Lol`orfdgk pisfsf ygkj kyglgk.
8. Lol`orfdgk gktf`fitfd hgk gkgcjosfe.

H. Aidus Ovgcugsf
7. ^orsopsf soksirfd tfhgd torjgkjju.
0. Kyorf `ordurgkj hgk bfcgkj.
5. Uubu hgcgl `gtgs kirlgc.
8. Xfhgd ghg sodrot pghg lgtg gtgu tocfkjg.
?. ^ocgygkgk D osobgtgk

A. ^ocgygkgk Dosobgtgk
7. Lgtorf
G. Flukfsgsf Hgsgr
7. @EJ hf`orfdgk pghg usfg >-7 `ucgk (lgsfb hgpgt
hf`orfdgk sglpgf usfg 0 `ucgk). Qgdsfk fkf hftumudgk uktud lokeojgb X@E, hokjgk
hisfs
 pol`orfgk >,>? lc hgk riuto pol`orfgk hf fktrgdutgk.
0. H^X hf`orfdgk pghg usfg 0 `ucgk, 5 `ucgk, hgk 8
`ucgk. Qgdsfk fkf hftumudgk uktud lokeojgb Hfatorf, ^ortusfs, hgk Xotgkus hokjgk
hisfs
 pol`orfgk >,? lc hgk riuto pol`orfgk fktrglusducor.
5. ^icfi hf`orfdgk pghg usfg 7 `ucgk, 0 `ucgk, 5 `ucgk hgk 8
 `ucgk. Qgdsfk fkf hftumudgk uktud lokeojgb picfi ygkj hf`orfdgk soegrg irgc
so`gkygd 0 totos sodgcf pol`orfgk.
8. Bopgtftfs hf`orfdgk lucgf hgrf `gyf `gru cgbfr hokjgk hisfs
>,? lc soegrg fktrglusducor. Qgdsfk fkf hf`orfdgk so`gkygd 8 dgcf pghg usfg sggt cgbfr,
0 `ucgk, 5 `ucgk hgk 8 `ucgk. Hf`orfdgk so`gjgf upgyg uktud lokeojgb pokygdft
bopgtftfs.
?. Eglpgd hf`orfdgk pghg usfg 6 `ucgk hokjgk hisfs >,?
lc hgk hf`orfdgk soegrg fktrglusducor. Hf`orfdgk so`gjgf upgyg uktud lokeojgb
 pokygdft eglpgd, hgk domghfgk pkoulikfg gdf`gt fkaodsf Pu`oicg.
1. @o`orgpg vgdsfk hf`orfdgk `orsglggk hokjgk fstfcgb ygkj
  `fgsg hfjukgdgk ygftu pol`orfgk vgdsfk Eil`i (H^X hgk Bopgtftfs). @orfdut mghwgc
 pol`orfgk flukfsgsf hgsgr=

@. ^ortul`ubgk hgk ^ordol`gkjgk Gkgd 

7. Lokoktudgk usfg drikicijfs
Egrg lokoktudgk usfg drikicijfs gkgd ygftu tgkjjgc polorfdsggk hfdurgkjf
hokjgk tgkjjgc cgbfr. Eiktib= tgkjjgc polorfdsggk 07 Mgkugrf 0>72 hgk
tgkjjgc cgbfr 5> Idti`or 0>71,
07 ― >7 ― 0>72
5> ― 7> ― 0>71
07 ― >0 ― 7
Mghf usfg gkgd 07 bgrf 0 `ucgk 7 tgbuk gtgu 7 tgbuk 0 `ucgk 07 bgrf, hgk
hfmghfdgk
 `ucgk lgdg usfg gkgd 7? `ucgk. ^ghg gkgd ygkj cgbfr prolgtur lgdg pokoktugk
usfg drikicijfskyg hfdurgkjf socfsfb usfg lgtur (8> lfkjju) hokjgk usfg
lfkjju
 prolgturkyg. Lfsgckyg pghg bftukjgk hf gtgs mfdg gkgd cgbfr prolgtur usfg 51 lfkjju
lgdg usfg drikicijfs gkgd gdgk hfdurgkjf 8 lfkjju sobfkjjg gkgd `orusfg 78 `ucgk.

0. Lokoktudgk pordol`gkjgk hokjgk D^U^

^ghg polorfdsggk pordol`gkjgk, hfcgdudgk hokjgk Duosfikor ^rg Udrfkfkj
^ordol`gkjgk (D^U^). Bgsfc polorfdsggk hffktorprotgsfdgk so`gjgf `orfdut=
 7. @fcg bgsfc Vg 6 - 7> lgdg hffktorprotgsfdgk sosugf

0. @fcg bgsfc Vg : - 2 lgdg

hffktorprotgsfdgk lorgjudgk
5. @fcg bgsfc Vg 3 : lgdg hffktorprotgsfdgk rfsfdi
 pokyflpgkjgk

@. @gyf @orgt Cgbfr Pokhgb

7. ^okjortfgk= `gyf ygkj cgbfr hokjgk `orgt `ghgk
durgkj hgrf 0?>> jr tgkpg lolporbgtfdgk usfg jostgsf.
0. Lodgkfslo= `gyf ygkj cgbfr hokjgk `orgt `ghgk durgkj
hgrf 0?>> jr sorfkj lokjgcglf bfpitorlfg hfso`g`dgk dgrokg sohfdftkyg colgd eidcgt
hgk tfkjjfkyg por`gkhfkjgk cugs porludggk tu`ub hokjgk `orgt `ghgkkyg. Uo`gjfgk
@@CP tormghf pghg `gyf ygkj cgbfr durgkj `ucgk (prolgtur) sobfkjjg sorfkj
hftoludgk lgsgcgb prolgturftgs irjgk soportf roacod bfsgp ygkj colgb. Uocgfk ftu, mfdg
 `gyf cgbfr pghg usfg jostgsf durgkj hgrf 50 lfkjju, `gyf sorfkj lokjgcglf lgsgcgb
 porkgpgsgk dgrokg hoafsfoksf suragdtgk.
5. Lgkfaostgsf dcfkfs= `orgt `ghgk durgkj hgrf 0?>> jrgl,
 `gyf tglpgd doefc, rfsfdi lokjgcglf lgsgcgb porkgpgsgk hgk torlirojucgsf, cgkuji
 `gkygd, colgd su`dutgk sohfdft, `gkygd tfhur, tgkjfsgk colgb. Uo`gjfgk @@CP
lolfcfdf roacod bfsgp hgk lokocgk ygkj colgb sortg lgsgcgb porkgpgsgk.
8. ^okgkjgkgk= lokoktudgk usfg dobglfcgk, lokfcgf roacod
 prflftfa pghg @@CP, lokjfhoktfafdgsf `orgt cgbfr sortg tgkhg-tgkhg vftgc. Uocgfk ftu
hfporcudgk tfkhgdgk lolportgbgkdgk subu stg`fc (rgwgt hgcgl fkdu`gtir gtgu
 porgwgtgk lotiho dgkjuru), pol`orfgk idsfjok, porgwgtgk supirtfa= pol`orfgk
egfrgk, kutrfsf ygkj ghodugt (kutrfsf pgroktorgc hgk pol`orfgk GUF).

E. ^risos Doporgwgtgk @gyf @orgt Cgbfr Pokhgb

7. Aidus ^okjdgmfgk
@orgt `ghgk durgkj hgrf 0?>> jrgl, roacod bfsgp hgk lokocgk colgb, colgd su`dutgk
tfpfs, subu durgkj hgrf 51,8¾E, jorgdgk `gyf durgkj gdtfa hgk usfg dobglfcgk/jostgsf.
0. Aidus Lgsgcgb Doporgwgtgk
7. Bfpitorlfg ygkj hfso`g`dgk dgrokg jgkjjugk
torlirojucgsf.

0. Dodurgkjgk kutrfsf hfdgrokgdgk colgbkyg

roacod bfsgp hgk lokocgk.

5. Jgkjjugk portudgrgk jgs hfdgrokgdgk prolgturftgs

irjgk porkgpgsgk.
8. Eolgs irgkj tug hfso`g`dgk dgrokg dikhfsf
 `gyfkyg.
5.
Aidus Fktorvoksf hgk Flpcoloktgsf
 7. Bgkjgtdgk `gyf hokjgk locotgddgk hgcgl rghfgk
wgrlor, fkeu`gtir gtgu porgwgtgk lotiho dgkjuru.

0. ^ol`orfgk kutrfsf pgroktorgc mfdg tfhgd hgpgt

hf`orfdgk soegrg irgc
5. ^ol`orfgk GUF locgcuf IJX
8. ^ol`orfgk GUF hokjgk lokyusu cgkjsukj mfdg

roacox bfsgp hgk lokocgk ghodugt.

?. ^orgwgtgk hf rugkj fktoksfa uktud lokhgpgtdgk
hudukjgk voktfcgsf lodgkfd.
1. Ohudgsf dopghg irgkj tug toktgkj doghggk
`gyfkyg sortg ohudgsf pol`orfgk GUF
8. Aidus Ovgcugsf
7. Uubu hgcgl `gtgs kirlgc (51,? s.h. 5:,?¾E).
0. ^okurukgk `orgt `ghgk tfhgd co`fb hgrf 7>%
@@C (pghg lfkjju portglg).
5. Xgkhg-tgkhg vftgc hgcgl `gtgs kirlgc (Aroduoksf

k gp gs 5 >- 1>x/lokft, aroduoksf

71 >x /l ok ft) .
kghf 78>-
8. Irgkj tug `orporgk gdtfa hgcgl porgwgtgk.
?. Bispftgcfsgsf
7. ^okjortfgk= bispftgcfsgsf ghgcgb lgsudkyg soirgkj
gkgd do hgcgl rulgb sgdft gtgu lgsg sggt gkgd
hfrgwgt hf rulgb sgdft.
0. Uul`or strossir bispftgcfsgsf= sul`or strossir ygftu
cfkjdukjgk `gru, `orpfsgb hokjgk docugrjg gtgu
tolgk so`gyg, dobfcgkjgk diktric, hgk durgkjkyg
fkairlgsf pghg gkgd lucgf usfg prg sodicgb.
5. Pospik pokorflggk bispftgcfsgsf= hfgwgcf hokjgk
tgbgp pritos (lokgkjfs dugt, lokmorft, lolgkjjfc
irgkj torhodgt, lokokhgkj, tfhgd lgu hftfkjjgc
icob irgkj tug hgk gjrosfa torbghgp irgkj `gru),
tgbgp putus gsg (tglpgd tokgkj, lokgkjfs
 `ordurgkj, tfhgd gdtfa, tfhgd `orlfkgt `orlgfk,
tfhgd kgasu lgdgk, lol`fkg bu`ukjgk ygkj
hgkjdgc hokjgk irgkj cgfk), tgbgp lokorflg (lucgf
tortgrfd hokjgk cfkjdukjgk ygkj `gru).
8. Fktorvoksf hglpgd bispftgcfsgsf= riilfkj fk,
 pgrtfsfpgsf irgkj tug hgk docugrjg, rugkj porgwgtgk
soportf sugsgkg rulgb, lolfkflgcdgk tfkhgdgk
fkvgsfa, pokmocgsgk soegrg dikdrft lucgf gkgd usfg
prg sodicgb, agsfcftgsf tolgk so`gyg uktud
  `ordukmukj hgk lol`orfdgk dosolpgtgk
sisfgcfsgsf.
EIKXIB UIGC ^OKJDGMFGK HGK ^OL@GBGUGK

@gcftg cgdf-cgdf usfg 0 tgbuk hf`gwg f`u do ^usdoslgs hokjgk docubgk lokerot ?
x sobgrf hgk gkgd tglpgd colgs. Bgsfc pokjdgmfgk= rowoc, lgtg eodukj hgk
ludisg
 `f`fr dorfkj. ^orgwgt gdgk lokoktudgk horgmgt hobfhrgsf hokjgk pokhodgtgk LX@U.
Gpgdgb hgtg ygkj porcu hfdgmf co`fb cgkmut pghg dgsus torso`ut9

G@G. Egup`ffctcggkr yd

uPcofta fpcco rXuftlo E.

Diksfstoksf aosos
H. @orgt `ghgk
O. Uubu
^ol`gbgsgk=
@orhgsgrdgk pokhodgtgk LX@U, hgtg poktfkj ygkj porcu hfdgmf uktud
lokoktudgk horgmgt hobfhrgsf ghgcgb eu`ftgk ducft porut dol`gcf cgl`gt gtgu sgkjgt
cgl`gt, lgcgs lfkul gtgu lfkul hokjgk cgbgp, lgtg eodukj, hgk jocfsgb gtgu rowoc.
Utrgtojf=
C g d u dgk s e g kk fk j u k t ud a i d u s p g h g h g t g- h g tg
  bpog kf ch op o kt gjkd L
gm f Xg k@ Uh ob
. E o a fc c X f l o ,  d i
f hg r psfc fc g rhgy s Pg rd
k s fs t o k s f a oe o s , s u u , hg k `or t ` g hgk
 `udgk lorupgdgk fkhfdgtir horgmgt hobfhrgsf `orhgsgrdgk LX@U.
Mgwg`gk= @

EIKXIB UIGC LGUGCGB & HFGJKIUG DO^OPGZGXGK HGK

^OL@GBGUGK
Gkgd cgdf-cgdf usfg ? tgbuk hfrgwgt hf rugkj gkgd hokjgk docubgk `gtud
hfsortgf holgl. Bgsfc pokjdgmfgk= tfhgd kgasu lgdgk, rowoc, sucft tfhur pghg
lgcgl bgrf, sputul doktgc, torhokjgr rikebf hf dohug cgpgkj pgru, aroduoksf
kgpgs 5>x/lokft, aroduoksf kghf 6>x/lokft, subu 5:,6>E.
Gpgdgb lgsgcgb doporgwgtgk utglg pghg dgsus torso`ut9
G. @orsfbgk mgcgk kgpgs tfhgd oaodtfa 
@. Jgkjjugk portudgrgk
jgs E. Pfsfdi hoafsft kutrfsf

H. Jgkjjugk picg tfhur 

O. Bfportorlfg
^ol`gbgsgk=
@orsfbgk mgcgk kgags tfhgd oaodtfa lorupgdgk dikhfsf mgcgk kgags ygkj tfhgd
kirlgc gdf`gt ghgkyg pokulpudgk sputul ygkj doktgc gtgu `orco`fbgk ygkj
sucft uktud hfdocugrdgk. @orsfbgk mgcgk kgags oaodtfa hftgkhgf hokjgk tfhgd ghg
`gtud, tfhgd ghg
sputul hgk `ukyf kgags vosfducor.
 Utrgtojf=

Bgsfc segkkfkj hgtg g`kirlgc pghg dgsus hfgtgs hfhgpgtdgk hgtg lokikmic
pghg jgkjjugk sfstol porkgpgsgk ygftu sputul doktgc, rikdbf hfdohug cgpgkj
pgru hgk
 `gtud. ^ghg iptfik mgwg`gk torhgpgt 0 lgsgcgb sfstol porkgpgsgk. Hgtg
g`kirlgc (sputul doktgc, rikdbf hfdohug cgpgkj pgru hgk `gtud) pghg dgsus
lorupgdgk hgtg lgyir pghg lgsgcgb `orsfbgk mgcgk kgags tfhgd oaodtfa ygkj
lorupgdgk lgsgcgb

  pr fi r f t s . ^ g h g i p tfik mgwg`gk portudgrgk jgs (`) tfhgd eudup hgtg

l g s g c gb t o r s o ` u t .
uktud lokojgddgk
Mgwg`gk= G

EIKXIB UIGC FKXOPQOKUF HGK FL^COLOKXGUF DO^OPGZGK HGK

^OL@GBGUGK
@gcftg porolpugk usfg 0 tgbuk hf`gwg f`ukyg do _JH dgrokg sosgd kgpgs hgk `gtud.
Bgsfc pokjdgmfgk= gkgd tfhgd `fsg lokjocugrdgk sodrot, torhokjgr `ukyf wboozfkj,
aroduoksf kgpgs 81x/lokft. Docugrjg tglpgd dbgwgtfr hokjgk gkgdkyg.
Gpgdgb tfkhgdgk doporgwgtgk utglg pghg dgsus torso`ut9
G. Gtur pisfsf solf aiwcor gtgu aiwcor 
@. ^ol`orfgk idsfjok pghg
gkgd E.
Gkmurdgk `gtud oaodtfa 

H. Cgdudgk fkbgcgsf
O. Cgdudgk suetfik
^ol`gbgsgk=
^ghg dgsus torso`ut tormghf pokyolpftgk `rikebus ygkj hftukmgkj icob hgtg
ghgkyg
 `ukyf wboozfkj. Locikjjgrdgk `rikebus hfporcudgk `rikeihfcgtir ygkj hf`orfdgk
por fkbgcgsf. Fkbgcgsf ghgcgb pol`orfgk i`gt soegrg cgkjsukj do hgcgl sgcurgk
kgags locgcuf pokjbfsgpgk ygkj lolpukygf douktukjgk ygftu i`gt `odormg
cgkjsukj pghg sgcurgk kgpgs.
Utrgtojf=
Aidusdgk pghg usfg gkgd. _sfg gkgd pghg dgsus torso`ut ghgcgb 0 tgbuk. ^fcfbgk (g hgk
e) tfhgd oaodtfa hfcgdudgk pghg gkgd usfg torso`ut. ^fcfbgk (`) tfhgd
lolukjdfkdgk hfcgdudgk dgrokg tfhgd lokjgtgsf lgsgcgb. ^fcfbgk (o)
lorupgdgk docgkmutgk hgrf
 prfirftgs fktorvoksf ygftu pol`orfgk fkbgcgsf.
Mgwg`gk= H

Poaoroksf=
7. Doyco, X.O. & Egrlgk, U. (0>7>/0>7?). @udu gmgr doporgwgtgk
pohfgtrf viculo 7. Mgdgrtg= OJE
0. Doyco, X.O. & Egrlgk, U. (0>7>/0>7?). @udu gmgr doporgwgtgk pohfgtrf
viculo 0 Mgdgrtg= OJE
5. Doyco, X.O. & Egrlgk, U. (0>7>/0>7?). @udu gmgr doporgwgtgk pohfgtrf
viculo 5. Mgdgrtg= OJE

8. Doyco, X.O. & Egrlgk, U. (0>7>/0>7?). @udu gmgr doporgwgtgk pohfgtrf

viculo 8. Mgdgrtg= OJE
?. ^fccfttorf, G. (7666). Lgtorkgc & ebfch bogctb kursfkj= Egro ia tbo ebfch`ogrfkj 
& ebfchrogrfkj aglfcy (5rh ohftfik). ^bfcghocpfg= M@ Cfppfkeit.
1. ^^KF (0>71). Utgkhgr hfgjkisfs doporgwgtgk Fkhikosfg= Hoafkfsf hgk
f:k.h fegtZir BhIfgj (k0>7si t5fd).  (^Oihe 7do).t M`gidigdr tiga= bHi^s^pf ^tg^cK egF.ro air ebfchrok= Jufh
lgkgjolokt ia eillik ebfchbiih fckossos (0kh ohftfik). Jokovg= ZBI

Uigc =
  DO^OPGZGXGK LGXOPKFXGU

7. Lgtorf pghg Grog Gktokgtgc

7. Lgtorf

Aidus lgtorf pghg grog gktokgtgc so`gjgf `orfdut=

G. Utgtus i`stotrf

Jrgvfhg (J)= ghgcgb mulcgb dobglfcgk, tgkpg locfbgt cglgkyg torlgsud

dobglfcgk sggt fkf. ^grg/^orsgcfkgk/^grtus (^)= ghgcgb docgbfrgk sotocgb jostgsf
0> lj, tgkpg locfbgt dikhfsf `gyf bfhup / lgtf. G`irtus (^)= ghgcgb docugrkyg
bgsfc diksopsf so`ocul mgkfk hgpgt bfhup hfcugr dgkhukjgk hokjgk `gtgsgk
jostgsf durgkj hgrf 0> lfkjju.

@. Lokjbftukj usfg

dobglfcgk XA_ (el) x 0/: < usfg dobglfcgk

(`ucgk)

XA_ (el) x 2/: < usfg dobglfcgk (lfkjju)

E. Lokjbftukj tgdsfrgk porsgcfkgk

H. Lokoktudgk tgdsfrgk porsgcfkgk `orhgsgrdgk rulus Kogjco=

Pulus= (+ : ― 5 +7) uktud B^BX `ucgk Gprfc -

Hosol`or (bgrf hftgl`gb :, `ucgk hfdurgkjf 5, tgbuk

hftgl`gb 7) (+: +6 +>) uktud B^BX `ucgk Mgkugrf ―

Lgrot

(bgrf hftgl`gb :, `ucgk hftgl`gb 6, tgbuk hftgl`gb >)

O. ^gcpgsf Coipich

Coipich F= lokoktudgk XA_ hgk `gjfgk mgkfk ygkj torhgpgt hfaukhus.

Coipich FF= lokoktudgk cotgd pukjjukj.

Coipich FFF= lokotudgk prosoktgsf mgkfk, gpgdgb prosoktgsf mgkfk suhgb lgsud ^G^.

Coipich FQ= somgub lgkg prosoktgsf lgsud ^G^.

A. Ghgptgsf poru`gbgk sfstol tu`ub

J. ^olorfdsggk afsfd f`u lgsg dobglfcgk

B. Jgkjjugk-jgkjjugk hgk pokygdft pghg lgsg dobglfcgk=

g. ^orhgrgbgk pghg gwgc dobglfcgk= G`irtus, DOX hgk

Licg Bfhgtfhisg.

 `. ^orhgrgbgk pghg dobglfcgk cgkmut= ^cgeoktg ^rovfg hgk

Uicutfi ^cgsoktg.

e. ^okygdft ygkj tormghf pghg lgsg dobglfcgk=

Byporolfsfs jrgvfhgrul hgk ^O@

0. ^risos Doporgwgtgk ^ghg Grog Gktokgtgc

7. Gspod ^okjdgmfgk=

G. Lokoktudgk= stgtus i`stotrfd, lokoktudgk usfg dobglfcgk

 `orhgsgrdgk B^BX lgupuk XA_, hgk lokoktudgk tgdsfrgk porsgcfkgk.

@. Lokjfhoktfafdgsf ghgptgsf afsficijfs hgk psfdicijfs pghg lgsg

dobglfcgk (Byporpfjloktgsf pghg ducft, gkolfg afsficijfs, dikhfsf pgyuhgrg,
lokjfhoktfafdgsf pisfsf, cotgd, prosoktgsf hgk pokurukgk prosoktgsf, lokjbftukj
HMM, lokjbftukj jorgdgk mgkfk, roacod pgtoccg hgk oholg pghg dgdf.
 E. Lokjfhoktfafdgsf tgkhg hgk `gbgyg porhgrgbgk pghg gwgc
dobglfcgk= G`irtus, DOX hgk Licg bfhgtfhisg

H. Lokjfhoktfafdgsf tgkhg hgk `gbgyg porhgrgbgk pghg

dobglfcgk cgkmut= ^cgsoktg provfg hgk Uicusfi pcgsoktg.

O. Lokjfhoktfafdgsf pokygdft ygkj tfl`uc dgrokg dobglfcgk=

Bfporolosfs jrgvfhgrul, ^roodcglpsfg hgk Odcglpsf.

 Gspod Hfgjkisg Doporgwgtgk=

Pfsfdi hoafsft kutrfsf, kgusog, rfsfdi eohorg f`u, rfsfdi eohorg mgkfk, rfsfdi
jgkjjugk bu`ukjgk f`u hgk mgkfk, rosfdi dobglfcgk tfhgd hfdobokhgdf, dosfgpgk
pokfkjdgtgk
 prisos docugrjg hgk dikstfpgsf.

 Gspod Fktorvoksf/ Flpcoloktgsf

^olokubgk do`utubgk kutrfsf, dosofl`gkjgk egfrgk, lokeojgb tormghfkyg eohorg f`u

hgk mgkfk, ohudgsf gktokgtgc, gsubgk doporgwgtgk pghg dobglfcgk,
lol`orfdgk gsubgk doporgwgtgk gktokgtgc `orhgsgrdgk trgksducturgc/`uhgyg,
todkfd `orkgpgs, likftirfkj porhgrgbgk, lgkgmolok porhgrgbgk, polorfdsggk
pgyuhgrg, porsfgpgk locgbfrdgk, hudukjgk pokjgl`fcgk doputusgk, hudukjgk
olisfikgc, pokhfhfdgk
dosobgtgk, serookfkj dosobgtgk, porgwgtgk dobglfcgk rosfdi tfkjjf, porgwgtgk
`gyf
 `gru cgbfr, kutrfsf, hgk lokeojgb/pokjurgkjgk pokhgrgbgk.

 Gspod Ovgcugsf

G. Do`orbgsfcgk hgcgl polokubgk do`utubgk kutrfsf= @orgt

`ghgk lokfkjdgt, pirsf lgdgk hfbg`fsdgk, hgk pgtub pghg hfot.

@. Dosofl`gkjgk egfrgk= Ludisg `f`fr col`g`, turjir ducft

ocgstfs, hgk docipgd lgtg tfhgd eodukj.

E. ^okeojgbgk eohorg f`u= Xfhgd tormghf efhorg hgk tgkhg-tgkhg

vftgc kirlgc.

H. Do`utubgk idsfjokgsf= Pospfrgsf kilgc, tfhgd lokjjukgdgk itit

 `gktu porkgagsgk, hgk tfhgd ghg porkgagsgk eupfkj bfhukj.
O. Lgkgmolok kyorf= Poktgkj sdgcg kyorf lokuruk, pgsfok lglpu
lokjjukgdgk tobkfd-tobkfd uktud lokurukdgk kyorf (rocgdsgsf hgk hfstrgdsf).

A. Dosobgtgk spfrftugc= ^gsfok lglpu lokjjukgdgk pokhodgtgk

spfrftugc uktud lokjgtgsf lgsgcgb dosobgtgk.

J. Dosofl`gkjgk ocodtricft= Bgsfc cg`irgtirful ocodtricft kirlgc

B. Diktric doeolgsgk hfrf= ^gsfok lglpu lokjjukgdgk dipfkj

uktud lokjgtgsf doeolgsgk

F. Diktric lugc luktgb= ^gsfok lglpu lokjiktric lugc

hgk luktgb

M. Diktric rosfdi dobglfcgk tfhgd hfbgrgpdgk= ^gsfok lglpu

lokjjukgdgk dipfkj uktud lokorflg dobglfcgk.

D. Lolportgbgkdgk pol`orfgk GUF= GUF ghodugt.

C. ^orfcgdu dosobgtgk f`u gktokgtgc= ^gsfok

lglpu lolportgbgkdgk porfcgdu sobgt.

L. ^orfcgdu dosobgtgk porfkgtgc= ^gsfok lglpu lolportgbgkdgk

 porfcgdu sobgt pghg lgsg porfkgtgc.

 K. ^orfcgdu ^rilisf Dosobgtgk= ^gsfok lglpu lokfkjdgtdgk stgtus

dosobgtgk.

I. ^okeojgbgk eohorg mgkfk= HMM kirlgc, ^orjorgdgk mgkfk gdtfa,

hgk EXJ rogssurfkj.

@. Lgtorf ^ghg Grog Fktrgkgtgc

 Lgtorf
 Gsubgk doporgwgtgk pghg porolpugk pghg lgsg porsgcfkgk hgk `gyf sojorg sotocgb
cgbfr=

G. ^grtijrga  

@. Dolgmugk porsgcfkgk

E. @iukhfkj gkh Gttgeblokt

H. G^JGP s eiro

O. Lgkgmolok dgcg FFF

A. I`sorvgsf dgcg FQ

J. Lgkgjolokt kyorf porsgcfkgk

B. Jgkjjugk-jgkjjugk pghg lgsg porsgcfkgk= Hfstiefg (E^H) hgk

Dotu`gk ^oegb Hfkf (D^H)

@. ^okhodgtgk ^risos Doporgwgtgk Fktrgkgtgc

G. Gspod ^okjdgmfgk=

Dolgmugk porsgcfkgk (polorfdsggk hgcgl), `ujgr hgk G^JGP seiro, i`sorvgsf tgkhg
tgkhg dgcg FFF, i`sorvgsf dgcg FQ, D^H hgk ^grtijrga (HMM, pol`udggk hgk pokurukgk
 prosoktgsf, diktrgdsf utorus, dotu`gk, liucgjo, XH, kghf hgk i`sorvgsf dgkhukj
dolfb).

@. Gspod Hfgjkisg Doporgwgtgk=

 Kyorf porsgcfkgk, gksfotgs, rfsfdi eohorg f`u, rfsfdi eohorg mgkfk, rfsfdi porhgrgbgk,
hoafsft viculo egfrgk, pokurukgk eurgb mgktukj, picg kgpgs tfhgd oaodtfa,
jgkjjugk
 picg tfhur, docotfbgk, hgk jgkjjugk rgsg kyglgk.
E. Gspod Fktorvoksf/Flpcoloktgsf=

g. Lgkgmolok kyorf porsgcfkgk (kik agrlgdicijfs hgk

agrlgdicijfs). ^okhodgtgk soegrg kik agrlgdicijfs tgkpg
 pokjjukggk i`gt-i`gtgk soportf rocgdsgsf, lgsgso,
gduprosur, gdupukdtur, dilpros pgkgs gtgu hfkjfk hgk
grilgtorgpf, sohgkjdgk soegrg agrlgdicijfs locgcuf

 pokjjukggk i`gt-i`gtgk.

 `. Gsubgk porsgcfkgk kirlgc (G^K)= I`sorvgsf dolgmugk

 porsgcfkgk, polorfdsggk hgcgl, glkfitilf, lokeojgb
cgsorgsf porfkoul, @iukhfkj gttgeblokt/FLH, lgkgmolok
gdtfa dgcg FFF, lgsgso utorus hgk i`sorvgsf dgcg FQ.

e. Lokeojgb bfpitorlf `gyf= dikvodsf, dikhudsf, rghfgsf hgk

ovgpirgsf.

h. Locgdsgkgdgk gsubgk doporgwgtgk fktrgkgtgc `orhgsgrdgk

 `uhgyg

o. ^okjjukggk

pgrtijrga a. Lgkgmolok

egfrgk

j. Hudukjgk spfrftugc

0. Gspod Ovgcugsf=

Do`orbgsfcgk polokubgk do`utubgk pghg f`u lgsg fktrgkgtgc hgk `gyf `gru
cgbfr (@@C)

g. Lgkgmolok kyorf= ^gsfok lglpu lokjjukgdgk tobkfd-

tobkfd uktud lokurukdgk kyorf (rocgdsgsf hgk hfstrgdsf)

 `. Hudukjgk spfrftugc= ^gsfok lglpu lokjjukgdgk

 pokhodgtgk spfrftugc hgcgl lokjbghgpf porsgcfkgk
e. ^gsfok diiporgtfa socglg prisos porsgcfkgk (Dgcg F ― FQ)
 h. Lolagsfcftgsf cfkjdukjgk odstrg utorf

o. Lolagsfcftgsf `uhgyg pgsfok ygkj lokhudukj torbghgp

dosobgtgk

a. Lokhiduloktgsfdgk prisos porsgcfkgk hgcgl

pgrtijrga j. Dosofl`gkjgk egfrgk= ludisg `f`fr col`g`,

turjir ducft
ocgstfs, hgk docipgd lgtg tfhgd eodukj.

b. Dosofl`gkjgk ocodtricft= Bgsfc cg`irgtirful

ocodtricft kirlgc

0. Lgtorf ^ghg Grog ^istkgtgc

G. ^idid Lgtorf

Gsubgk Doporgwgtgk ^ghg ^orolpugk ^ghg Lgsg Kfags=

7. Fkvicusf utorf

0. Lgkgmolok cgdtgsf

5. Poacod lokyusuf pghg `gyf

8. Lokfcgf P OOHG

?. Docugrjg `orokegkg

1. ^olorfdsggk afsfd f`u lgsg kfags

:. Jgkjjugk-jgkjjugk hgk pokygdft pghg lgsg kfags= ^orhgrgbgk

 pistpgrtul= Gtikfg utorf hgk cgsorgsf pghg mgcgk cgbfr hgk fkaodsf pistpgrtul
 @. ^okhodgtgk ^risos Doporgwgtgk ^istkgtgc

7. Gspod ^okjdgmfgk=

Lokjfhoktfafdgsf dikhfsf pgyuhgrg hgk putfkj, lokjfhoktfafdgsf roacods lokyusu pghg

 `gyf, lokjfhoktfafdgsf diktrgdsf hgk fkvicusf utorus, lokjfhoktfafdgsf hfgstgsfs
roetus g`hilfkfs (HPG), gator pgfk, lokfcgf `fsfkj usus, hfstoksf dgkhukj
dolfb, lokfcgf POOHG, dgrgdtorfstfd ciebog, bgolirifh, lokjfhoktfafdgsf
tgkhg bilgk, lokjfhoktfafdgsf toktgkj docugrjg uktud pokjjukggk diktrgsopsf,
lokjfhoktfafdgsf dikhfsf gtikfg utorf, lokjdgmf trgulg/cgsorgsf porsgcfkgk,
lokjfhoktfafdgsf ghgptgsf afsficijfs hgk psfdicijfs pistpgrtul, hgk
lokjfhoktfafdgsf `uhgyg ygkj lolpokjgrubf dikhfsf f`u lgsg pistpgrtul.

0. Gspod Hfgjkisg doporgwgtgk=

Pfsfdi fkaodsf, rfsfdi dotfhgdsofl`gkjgk egfrgk, durgkj pokjotgbugk, dotfhgdeudupgk

GUF, dosfgpgk uktud prisos lokyusuf, torputuskyg prisos lokyusuf,
dotfhgdoaodtfagk
 prisos lokyusuf, kyorf, dotfhgd kyglgkgk pgseg pgrtul, gksfotgs, `orhudg,
dosfgpgk
 pokfkjdgtgk lokmghf irgkj tug, pokegpgfgk porgk lokmghf irgkj tug, rosfdi jgkjjugk
 porcodgtgk, rosfdi pokjgsubgk tfhgd oaodtfa, rosfdi fkaodsf, rosfdi fkmurf, rotoksf
urfko,
lokyusuf oaodtfa, hgk lokyusuf tfhgd oaodtfa.

5. Gspod Fktorvoksf/Flpcoloktgsf=

^okeojgbgk fkaodsf, pokeojgbgk porhgrgbgk, pol`orfgk GUF odsdcusfa,

lgkgmolok cgdtgsf, pokotgpgk pol`orfgk GUF, lgkgmolok porhgrgbgk
pistpgrtul, lol`orfdgk gsubgk doporgwgtgk pistpgrtul hokjgk pokhodgtgk
`uhgyg, `cghhor trgfkfkj, hfsebgrjo pcgkkfkj. ^okhfhfdgk irgkj tug= @gyf,
porgwgtgk pistpgrtul, diksocfkj sodsugc, pokfkjdgtgk docodgtgk, docugrjg
`orokegkg= diktrgsopsf, docugrjg `orokegkg,
 porgwgtgk docgbfrgk egosgr, i`sorvgsf tgkhg vftgc, agsfcftgsf prisos `orhudg=
dolgtfgk
 porfkgtgc, hgk bgsfc cg`irgtirful.

8. Gspod Ovgcugsf

g. ^okeojgbgk eohorg f`u= Xgkhg-tgkhg vftgc kirlgc

 `. Do`utubgk idsfjokgsf= Aroduoksf kgpgs kilgc, tfhgd
lokjjukgdgk itit `gktu porkgagsgk, hgk tfhgd ghg
 porkgagsgk eupfkj bfhukj
 e. Lgkgmolok kyorf= Poktgkj sdgcg kyorf lokuruk, pgsfok lglpu lokjjukgdgk tobkfd-tobkfd uktud lokurukdg
kyorf (rocgdsgsf hgk hfstrgdsf)

h. Hudukjgk spfrftugc= ^gsfok lglpu lokjjukgdgk

 pokhodgtgk spfrftugc uktud lokjgtgsf lgsgcgb dosobgtgk

o. Dosofl`gkjgk ocodtricft= Bgsfc cg`irgtirful ocodtricft

kirlgc

a. Diktric doeolgsgk hfrf= ^gsfok lglpu lokjjukgdgk

dipfkj uktud lokjgtgsf doeolgsgk

j. Lolportgbgkdgk pol`orfgk GUF= GUF ghodugt

b. ^orfcgdu dosobgtgk f`u pistpgrtul= ^gsfok lglpu

lolportgbgkdgk porfcgdu sobgt

f. ^orfcgdu dosobgtgk porfkgtgc= ^gsfok lglpu

lolportgbgkdgk porfcgdu sobgt pghg lgsg porfkgtgc

 m. ^orfcgdu prilisf dosobgtgk= ^gsfok lglpu lokfkjdgtdgk

stgtus dosobgtgk hgk D@

5. Lgtorf Dosobgtgk Poprihudsf

G. ^idid-pidid lgtorf

Jgkjjugk-jgkjjugk hgk pokygdft pghg sfstol roprihudsf=

7. Gsubgk doporgwgtgk pghg porolpugk hokjgk

docgfkgk lokstrugsf= Hfslokiro

0. ^okygdft lokucgr sodsugc= Jikirrbog, sfpfcfs hgk BFQ/GFHU

5. Dojgkgsgk pghg sfstol roprihudsf= Eg sorvfds hgk eg pgyuhgrg

 8. Fkaodsf irjgk roprihudsf= Uorvfsftfs hgk vucvftfs

@. ^okhodgtgk ^risos Doporgwgtgk pghg Dosobgtgk

Poprihudsf

7. Gspod ^okjdgmfgk=

g. Lokjfhoktfafdgsf kyorf pghg sggt lokstrugsf

 `. Lokjfhoktfafdgsf ghgkyg sodrosf purucokt, `or`gu hgk

 poru`gbgk wgrkg hgrf grog jokftgc

e. Lokjfhoktfafdgsf hokjgk UGHGPF pghg grog pgyuhgrg

h. Lokjfktoprotgsf bgsfc polorfdsggk pokukmgkj= _sgpgk

vgjfkg, FQG, pgpslogr, bgsfc cg`irgtirful, bgsfc ^G, hgk
lglijrgaf.

0. Gspod Hfgjkisg doporgwgtgk=

 Kyorf, rfsfdi fkaodsf, bgrjg hfrf rokhgb, rfsfdi jgkjjugk porgk f`u,
 `orhudg/dobfcgkjgk, hfsaukjsf sodsugc, hgk dotfhgdoaodtfagk picg sodsugc.

5. Gspod Fktorvoksf/Flpcoloktgsf=

Lgkgmolok kyorf, pokeojgbgk trgkslfsf, lodgkfslo dipfkj,

polorfdsggk cg`irgtirful, polorfdsggk pokukmgkj ^G, hotodsf hfkf= UGHGPF,
^gpslogr, FQG hgk lglijrgaf.

8. Gspod Ovgcugsf

g. Lgkgmolok kyorf= ^gsfok lglpu lokjjukgdgk tobkfd-

tobkfd uktud lokurukdgk kyorf (rocgdsgsf hgk hfstrgdsf)
  `. Hudukjgk spfrftugc= ^gsfok lglpu lokjjukgdgk
 pokhodgtgk spfrftugc hgcgl lokjbghgpf pokygdft

e. Lolagsfcftgsf `uhgyg pgsfok ygkj lokhudukj torbghgp

dosobgtgk

h. Xgtgcgdsgkg pokeojgbgk fkaodsf hgk trgkslfsf=

 pokjjukggk G^H

EIKXIB UIGC ^OKJDGMFGK HGK ^OL@GBGUGK

Uoirgkj porolpugk `orusfg 02 tgbuk bglfc 0> lfkjju hgtgkj do picfdcfkfd DFG
uktud lolorfdsgdgk dobglfcgk. Bgsfc pokjdgmfgk= rfwgygt porsgcfkgk tgbuk
0>>> locgbfrdgk `gyf cgdf-cgdf usfg dobglfcgk 52 lfkjju. ^ghg tgbuk
0>>? locgbfrdgk
 `gyf porolpugk usfg dobglfcgk 5: lfkjju hgk pghg tgbuk 0>7>
lokjgcglf dojujurgk sggt usfg dobglfcgk 70 lfkjju.

@gjgflgkgdgb pokucfsgk stgtus i`stotrfd pghg dgsus torso`ut9

G. J5 ^7 G0

@. J5 ^0 G7

E. J8 ^0 G7

H. J8 ^5 G>

O. J8 ^7 G0

^ol`gbgsgk=

Utgtus i`stotrfd locfputf =

   Jrgvfhg (J)= ghgcgb mulcgb dobglfcgk, tgkpg locfbgt cglgkyg torlgsud

dobglfcgk sggt fkf.
  ^grg/^orsgcfkgk/^grtus (^)= ghgcgb docgbfrgk sotocgb jostgsf 0> lj, tgkpg locfbgt dikhfsf `gyf bfhup / lgtf

   G`irtus (G)= ghgcgb docugrkyg bgsfc diksopsf so`ocul mgkfk hgpgt bfhup hf cugr
dgkhukjgk hokjgk `gtgsgk jostgsf durgkj hgrf 0> lfkjju.

   Eiktib pokegtgtgk dobglfcgk= J7 ^> G> = Jrgvfhg 7, pgrg >, g`irtus >
ygkj grtfkyg pgsfok bglfc gkgd portglg `ocul porkgb locgbfrdgk gtgupuk g`irtus

Mghf pghg dgsus hf gtgs lokukmuddgk dgsus i`stotrf

Jrgvfhg 8 (sggt fkf bglfc 0> lfkjju, porsgcfkgk tgbuk 0>>> hgk 0>>?, rfwgygt
Dojujurgk tgbuk 0>7>)

^grtus 0 (porsgcfkgk tgbuk 0>>> hgk 0>>?)

G`irtus 7 (dojujurgk tgbuk 0>7>)

UXPGXOJF =

Dgtg dukef hgrf dgsus torso`ut `gbwg pgsfok hgtgkj hgcgl dikhfsf bglfc, suhgb 0 dgcf
locgbfrdgk hgk 7 dgcf g`irtus.

Mgwg`gk = E

EIKXIB UIGC HFGJKIUFU DO^OPGZGXGK HGK ^OL@GBGUGK

Uoirgkj porolpugk `orusfg 5> tgbuk J5^0G> bglfc 50 lfkjju hgtgkj do

picfdcfkfd DFG hokjgk docubgk sgdft dopgcg hgk pgkhgkjgk dg`ur. Bgsfc polorfdsggk
afsfd= XH 71>/7>> llBj, XA_ 58 el, pukjjukj dfrf, prosoktgsf dopgcg, HMM
71> x/lokft, oholg tukjdgf `gwgb +0, hgk pritofkurfg +7.

Gpgdgb lgsgcgb doporgwgtgk ygkj topgt pghg pgsfok torso`ut9

G. Kyorf gdut
 @. Doco`fbgk viculo egfrgk

E. Dotfhgd oaodtfagk prisos dobglfcgk

H. Posfdi tfkjjf eohorg pghg f`u hgk mgkfk

O. Jgkjjugk porsopsf soksirf= pokjcfbgtgk

^ol`gbgsgk=

^roodcglpsfg ghgcgb todgkgk hgrgb tfkjjf ≯ 78>/6> hfsortgf pritofk urfg ygkj tormghf
 pghg dobglfcgk sotocgb 0> lfkjju sglpgf gdbfr lfkjju porsgcfkgk. ^ghg proodcglsfg,
viculo pcgslg lokuruk, sobfkjjg tormghf bolidiksoktrgsf hgk pokfkjdgtgk
bolgtidrft lgtorkgc. ^oru`gbgk fkf lol`ugt porausf irjgk lgtorkgc
lokuruk (lokyo`g`dgk sgdft dopgcg hgk pokurukgk pokjcfbgtgk), pokurukgk porausf
fkf mujg do
 mgkfk (fkf `fsg lokyo`g`dgk jgkjjugk portul`ubgk mgkfk `gbdgk dolgtfgk
mgkfk). Uobfkjjg lgsgcgb doporgwgtgk pghg pgsfok hf gtgs ghgcgb rosfdi tfkjjf
eohorg pghg

f`u hgk mgkfk.

UXPGXOJF=

^ghg dgsus proodcglpsfg porgwgt lolporbgtfdgk 5 hgtg poktfkj ygftu

pokfkjdgtgk XH, oholg, hgk pritofk urfg. Uotfgp dobglfcgk hokjgk dilpcfdgsf
proodcglpsfg lokyo`g`dgk rosfdi efhorg pghg f`u hgk mgkfk.

Mgwg`gk= H

EIKXIB UIGC FKXOPQOKUF/ FL^COLOKXGUF HGK ^OL@GBGUGK

Uoirgkj porolpugk `orusfg 5? tgbuk J7^>G> bglfc 50 lfkjju hgtgkj do

_JH hokjgk docubgk docugr hgrgb hgrf dolgcugk. Bgsfc pokjdgmfgk= porhgrgbgk
tgkpg rgsg kyorf hgk `orwgrkg lorgb torgkj, XA_ 50 el, pukjjukj dfrf, prosoktgsf
dopgcg hgk HMM 788x/lokft.
Gpgdgb tfkhgdgk doporgwgtgk utglg pghg dgsus torso`ut9
 G. I`sorvgsf pol`udggk mgcgk cgbfr 

@. Dicg`irgsf pol`orfgk

bopgrfk E. Gkmurdgk uktud tfrgb

`grfkj

H. ^gktgu fktgdo iutput

egfrgk O. ^gktgu porjorgdgk

mgkfk

^ol`gbgsgk=

Uolug pgsfok hokjgk porhgrgbgk porvgjfkgl pghg dobglfcgk trflostor

dotfjg, hfrgwgt hf rulgb sgdft tgkpg porfdsg hgcgl. ^okgkjgkgk pcgsoktg provfg
`orjgktukj dopghg= Doghggk ulul pgsfok, dghgr B`, mulcgb porhgrgbgk ygkj
tormghf, ulur dobglfcgk/tgdsfrgk @@ mgkfk, mokfs pcgsoktg provfg, pgrftgs hgk
dolgmugk porsgcfkgk.
^okgkjgkgk utglg pghg pcgsoktg provfg ghgcgb fstfrgbgt/ tfrgb `grfkj. ^ol`orfgk tfrgb
 `grfkj gdgk lokjurgkjf pokodgkgk pcgsoktg hgk porjorgdgk ygkj `gkygd hgpgt
lolporluhgb pocopgsgk pcgsoktg sobfkjjg hgpgt tormghf porhgrgbgk.

UXPGXOJF

^ghg pgsfok pcgsoktg provfg lgdg fktorvoksf utglg ghgcgb tfrgb `grfkj.

Mgwg`gk = G

EIKXIB UIGC OQGC_GUF HGK ^OL@GBGUGK

Uoirgkj porolpugk `orusfg 02 tgbuk J7^>G> bglfc 50 lfkjju, hgtgkj do picf

 DFG uktud porfdsg dobglfcgk. Bgsfc pokjdgmfgk tglpgd iholg hf wgmgb hgk
odtrolftgs. XA_ 5> el, pukjjukj dfrf, prosoktgsf dopgcg, HMM 78?x/lokft. ^orgwgt
lokmocgsdgk
 pghg pgsfok egrg lokjbftukj jorgdgk mgkfk.

Gpgdgb bgsfc ygkj hfbgrgpdgk hgrf fktorvoksf torso`ut9

 G. ^gsfok lokjgtgdgk `gyfkyg `gkygd `orjorgd 

@. ^gsfok lokyglpgfdgk mulcgb jorgdgk

mgkfk E. ^gsfok lokjgtgdgk iholg `ordurgkj

H. ^gsfok lokjgtgdgk dikhfsfkyg

`gfd O.

^gsfok lokjgtgdgk `gyfkyg sobgt

^ol`gbgsgk

Egrg lokfcgf jorgdgk mgkfk= Lfktg f`u bglfc uktud `or`grfkj lfrfkj hgk lokjbftukj
7> jorgdgk mgkfk hgcgl 0 mgl. Mgkfk hfkfcgf somgbtorg `fcg jorgdgk mgkfk hfrgsgdgk
f`u 7> dgcf hgcgl 0 mgl. ^ghg dgsus hf gtgs pgsfok hfbgrgpdgk hgpgt lokjbftukj
jorgdgk
 mgkfk hgk lglpu lokyglpgfdgk mulcgb jorgdgk mgkfk ygkj hfrgsgdgk.

UXPGXOJF

^ghg dgsus pokhfhfdgk dosobgtgk ygkj hf`orfdgk icob porgwgt ghgcgb egrg lokjbftukj
jorgdgk mgkfk lgdg bgsfc ygkj hfbgrgpdgk pgsfok lglpu lokjbftukj hgk
lokyglpgfdgk mulcgb jorgdgk mgkfk ygkj hfrgsgdgk

Mgwg`gk= @

Poaoroksf

Aicoy, XU, Hgvfos LG (7625). Pgpo. Kursfkj egro ia vfetfls. Ut. Ciufs = Xbo EQ
Lis`y eilpgky

@ucoeboed, J.L . @utebor, B.D. Hiebtorlgk, M.L. Zgjkor, E.L. (0>75).  Kursfkj 
Ecgssfafegtfik (KIE). ?tb Oh. Ocsovfor ^to. Cth. Ufkjgpiro
Liirbog, . U. Mibksik, L. Lggs, L.C. Uwgksik, O. (0>75). Kursfkj Iuteglos

Lgy, DG, Lgbclofstor, CP (7666). Lgtorkgc gkh Koikgtgc Kursfkj. Aglfcy eoktoroh
egro (8tboh). ^bfcghocpbfg = M@ Cfppfkeitt

Dfkkoy, U. O. (0>>?). Lgtorkgc ebfch kursfkj . Ut. Ciufs= Ugukhors Ocsovfor 

Borhlgk, Dglftsuru (0>78), Kursfkj Hfgjkisos= Hoafkftfiks & Ecgssfafegtfik 0>7?― 

0>7:, Xoktb Ohftfik, KGKHG Fktorkgtfikgc, Fke.

Ciwhorlfcd, ^orry, Egbfik (0>75), Doporgwgtgk Lgtorkftgs, Ohfsf 2, @udu 7,

Ocsovfor, ^to. Cth. Ufkjgpiro

Ciwhorlfcd, ^orry, Egbfik (0>75), Doporgwgtgk Lgtorkftgs, Ohfsf 2, @udu 0,

Ocsovfor, ^to. Cth. Ufkjgpiro

^orry, Ciwhorlfcd, Egsbfik, Gchok, Icsbgksdy, Biedok`orry, Zfcsik, Pihjors

(0>72), Lgtorkgc ebfch Kursfkj Egro, sfxtb ohftfik, Ocsovfor Fke, Ut.Cifus, Lfssiurf.

Uigc =
 Aucc Cokjtb Xost 72> sigc

7. Uoirgkj cgdf-cgdf `orusfg 81 tgbuk hf rgwgt hf rugkj pokygdft hgcgl hokjgk

hfgjkisfs
 porftikftfs hgk lokjocub kyorf porut. Bgsfc pokjdgmfgk sdgcg kyorf 1, tglpgd
wgmgb lokyorfkjgf XH 78>/6> llBj. Aroduoksf kghf 7>>x/lokft, aroduoksf kgpgs
08x/lokft, subu 52>E.
Gpgdgb pokjdgmfgk cgkmutgk pghg dgsus torso`ut 9
g. Lugc
 `. Luktgb
e. @fsfkj usus
h. Hfstoksf
^orut
o. Fktgdo iutput egfrgk
^ol`gbgsgk =
^orftikftfs lokjbgsfcdgk oaod sfstolfd ygkj `orgt, poru`gbgk sfrducgsf, porpfkhgbgk egfrgk
hgk lgsgcgb porkgpgsgk sortg dotfhgd sofl`gkjgk egfrgk hgk ocodtricft. Pospik
fkacglgsf lokjbgsfcdgk gcfrgk hgrgb odstrg do `gjfgk usus ygkj lokjgcglf fkacglgsf uktud
locgwgk fkaodsf, egurgk hgk uhgrg tortgbgk hgcgl culok, todgkgk hgk sodrosf egfrgk
hgcgl usus lokfkjdgt sobfkjjg gdtfaftgs usus lokjgcglf pokurukgk hgk eokhorukj
`orboktf. ^risos fkacglgsf sokhfrf lokfkjdgtdgk do`utubgk torbghgp idsfjok sobfkjjg
pgru `orospik hokjgk lokfkjdgtdgk porkgpgsgk.
Utgrtojf =
Gdtfvftgs usus pghg porftikftfs eokhorukj lokjgcglf pokurukgk `gbdgk `orboktf sobfkjjg bgc
utglg ygkj hf porbgtfdgk ghgcgb `fsfkj usus
0. Uoirgkj porolpugk `orusfg 5> tgbuk hf rgwgt hf rugkj pokygdft hgcgl hokjgk
hfgjkisfs suspoet gpokhfsftfs. bgsfc pokjdgmfgk, pgsfok lokjocub kyorf porut dgkgk `gwgb,
sdgcg kyorf :, lugc, luktgb, sortg tfhgd kgasu lgdgk, XH 75>/2> llBj, aroduoksf kgpgs
01 x/lokft hgk aroduoksf kghf 2x/lokft.
Gpgdgb pokjdgmfgk cgkmut pghg dgsus torso`ut 9
g. Gusductgsf `fsfkj usus
 `. I`sorvgsf stgtus kutrfsf
e. ^olorfdsggk cg`irgtirful
h. I`sorvgsf tgkhg<tgkhg fkaodsf
o. ^gcpgsf pghg tftfd le. @urkoy
^ol`gbgsgk =
 Kyorf hgk sgdft porut pghg gpokhfdsfstfs tormghf dgrokg bfporporfstgctfd uktud lokjgtgsf
i`strudsf pghg gpokhfd. Kyorf vfseorgc gdgk lokjgdtfagsf korvus vgjus sobfkjjg
lokjgdf`gtdgk luktgb. ^ghg pgcpgsf hfhgpgtdgk tftfd kyorf todgk dughrgk dgkgk `gwgb
gtgu tftfd Le @urkoy hgk fkf lorupgdgk tgkhg duksf hfgjkisfs
Utrgtojf=
 Kyorf todgk pghg tftfd Le. @urkoy hgk fkf lorupgdgk tgkhg dukef hfgjkisfs gpokhfd 
5. Uoirgkj cgdf-cgdf `orusfg 1> tgbuk hf rgwgt hf ougkj kouricijf hokjgk docubgk
pokurukgk dosghgrgk. Bgsfc pokjdgmfgk sggt hf `orf rgkjsgkjgk kyorf dohug cokjgk
tglpgd acodsf g`kirlgc, lol`udg lgtg hgk sugrg lokjorgkj, pupfc gkfsidir dgkgk, roacod
egbgyg cgl`gt,
 XH 71>/6> llBj, aroduoksf kghf 60 x/lwkft, aroduoksf kgpgs 0> x/lokft hgk subu 51,2 E
@orgpgdgb kfcgf JEU pghg dgsus torso`ut 9
g. ?
 `. 1

e. :
h. 2
o. 6
^ol`gbgsgk =
Jgkjjugk kouticijf pghg dgsus strido, eohorg dopgcg hgk lokfkjftfs tormghf dgrokg ghgkyg
dorusgdgk mgrfkjgk itgd, dorusgdgk mgrfkjgk itgd gtgu oholg mgrfkjgk itgd gtgu lukeuckyg
todgkgk fktrg drgkfgc. Ugcgb sgtu tgkhg ygkj pgcfkj luhgb hf cfbgt pghg lodgkfslo fkf ghgcgb
 pokurukgk dosghrgk. Uolgdfk rokhgb kfcgf JEU lokukmudgk solgdfk `orgt dorusgdgk
gtgu oholg gtgu todgkgk fktrg drgkfgc
Utrgtojf =
^ortgkyggk hfgtgs lokukmudgk pokoktugk kfcgf JEU hf hgpgt hgrf polorfdsggk afsfd hokjgk
lol`orfdgk rgkjsgkjgk. Pgkjsgkjgk ygkj hf`orfdgk pghg dgsus fkf ghgcgb rgkjsgkjgk kyorf.
dgsus fkf lokukmudgk rospik litirfe acodsf g`kirlgc, lol`udg lgtg hgk sugrg
lokjorgkj sggt hf `orf rgkjsgkjgk kyorf (5-0-0). Mghf kfcgf JEU :. ^orcu hf pocgmgrf co`fb
`gfd sotfgp kfcgf hgk dilpikok vor`gc, litirfe hgk lol`udg lgtg.
8. Uoirgkj porolpugk `orusfg 5? tgbuk hf rgwgt hf rugkj `ohgb sgrga hokjgk pgseg
ergkfitily. Bgsfc pokjdgmfgk, pgsfok tglpgd bolfpgroso dgkgk, colgb hgk tfhgd
lglpu lokjjorgdgk tu`ubkyg, roacox afsficijf locgl`gt. Uggt hf cgdudgk polorfdsggk
itit odstrolftgs dgkgk hf

h g p g t b s f c so ` j gf `orfdut tfhgd lglpu lokjgkjdgt cokjgk hgk

l o k j jo rg d d gk k yg .
dgdf kgluk `fsg @orrgpgdgb kfcgf dodugtgk itit pghg pgsfok torso`ut 9
g. 7
 `. 0
e. 5
h. 8
o. ?
^ol`gbgsgk =
^okurukgk dodugtgk itit lorupgdg jomgcg kouricijfs ygkj ulul tormghf pghg dgsus kouricijf
soportf strido, lokfkjftfs hgk eohorg dopgcg. Ghg lodgkfslo jgkjjugk soktrgc pghg
pusgt litirfe itgd sobfkjjg durgkj lglpu lokjdirhfkgsfdgk jorgdgk odstrolftgs.
Docolgbgk itit hf toktudgk hokjgk sdgcg dodugtgk itit ygdkf =

> = tfhgd ghg tikus

7 = torhgpgt tikus tgpf tfhgd ghg jorgdgk.
0 = torhgpgt porjorgdgk sokhf totgpf tfhgd `fsg locgwgk jrgvftgsf
5 = hgpgt locgwgk jrgvftgsf totgpf tfhgd hgpgt lokgbgk tgbgkgk.
8 = porjorgdgk hgpgt lokgbgk tgbgkgk
?= dodugtgk itit kirlgc.
Utrgtojf =

?. Uoirgkj porolpugk `orusfg ?1 tgbuk hf rgwgt hf rugkj kouricijf hokjgk docubgk

sgdft dopgcg. Bgsfc pokjdgmfgk hfhgpgt pokjcfbgtgk dg`ur, docolgbgk dgdf hgk tgkjgk
pghg sfsf dgkgk sortg `fegrg tfhgd mocgs. _ktud lolgstfdgk porgwgt gdgk locgdudgk
pokjdgmfgk pghg korvus drgkfgc RFF.
 Gpgdgb ygkj bgrus hfporfktgbdgk hgcgl pokjdgmfgk torso`ut 9
g. Lfktg pgsfok lokjuegpdgk sugrg –G“
 `. Locotgddgk jgrgl pghg cfhgb `gjfgk hopgk

e. Locotgddgk jucg pghg cfhgb `gjfgk `ocgdgkj

h. Lfktg pgsfok uktud lolikeikjdgk
lucutkyg
o. Lfktg pgsfok lokjjorgddgk cfhgb do sgtu sfsf hgk sfsf cgfkkyg.
^ol`gbgsgk =

Utrgtojf =
1. Uoirgkj cgmf-cgdf `orusfg 72 tgbuk, hf rgwgt hfrugkj `ohgb hokjgk argdtur tf`fg 7/5
pridsflgc tortutup 70 mgl ygkj cgcu. ^orgwgt locgdudgk pokjdgmfgk
kourivgsducwr uktud lokjfhoktfafdgsf ghgkyg sfkhril dilpgrtolok.
Gpgdgb hgtg aieus pghg dgsus torso`ut 9
g. Orftolg pghg grog argdtur 
 `. Oholg pghg sodftgr grog argdtur 
e. ^oru`gbgk wgrkg ducft hgrf puegt do sfgkisfs
h. Kyorf prijrosfa tfhgd bfcgkj hokjgk
gkgcjotfd 
o. Hgorgb hf sodftgr cidgsf argdtur torgsg co`fb bgkjgt
^ol`gbgsgk =
Utrgtojf =
:. Uoirgkj porolpugk `orusfg 8? tgbuk hf rgwgt hf rugkj pokygdft hgcgl hokjgk EDH..
bgsfc

p o kj d g mf g k = o h o g h f o d st l f t g ` gw g b , f k t g d
 m g l , X H 7 1 > / 6 > l l B j . A rod u o k s f k h f 2 2 x/ l o
e g f r g k 7 > > > e e / 0 8 m g l , u r fk i u p u t 7 > > e e / 0 8
k f t, a r o d u o k s f k g p g s 02 x /l o k ft h g k s u b u 5 : E.
pgsfok hfrokegkgdgk bolihfgcysfs.
Gpgdgb pokjdgmfgk socgkmutkyg pghg pgsfok torso`ut 9
g. Dgmf ghgkyg `ukyf kgpgs tgl`gbgk
 `. Dgmf ghgkyg dokgfdgk `orgt `ghgk
e. Dgmf kfcgf uroul hgk drogtfkfk
h. Dgmf dghgr bolijci`fk
o. Dgmf doeolgsgk
^ol`gbgsgk =
Utrgtojf =
2. Uoirgkj porolpugk `orusfg 58 tgbuk hf rgwgt hf rugkj `ohgb hokjgk cudg `gdgr horgmgt FF.
^gsfok lokjocub kyorf, colgs hgk bgus. Bgsfc pokjdgmfgk cudg `gdgr hgorgb hghg. Xgkjgk hgk
 pgbg dgkgk,
@orgpgdgb prosoktgso cudg `gdgr pghg dgsus torso`ut 9
g. 88 %
 `. 80 %
e. 58 %
h. 50 %
o. 0:
%
^ol`gbgsgk =
Bgsfc pokjdgmfgk hf toludgk cudg `gdgr hgorgb hghg, tgkjgk dgkgk hgk pgbg dgkgk.
_ktud lokoktudgk porsoktgso cugs cudg `gdgr hf jukgdgk rulus = –Puco ia Kfko“
sobfkjjg hf hgpgtdgk bgsfc hgorgb hghg kfcgf kyg < 6 %, tgkjgk dgkgk < 6 %, pgbg
dgkgk < 6 %, titgc grog ygkj lokjgcglf cudg `gdgr ghgcgb 0: %
Utrgtojf =
 ^ocgmgrf rulus –ruco ia Kfko“
6. Uoirgkj cgdf-cgdf `orusfg ?> tgbuk hgtgkj do picfdcfkfd sgrga hokjgk docubgk jgkjjugk
 pokhokjgrgk. ^orgwgt locgdudgk polorfdsggk pokhokjgrgk pghg pgsfok hokjgk egrg
lokolpocdgk jgrputgcg pghg pcgkul lgstifh pgsfok. Bgsfc polorfdsggk lokukmuddgk

sotocgb porgwgt tfhgd lokhokjgr sohgkjdgk pgsfok lgsfb hgpgt lokhokjgrdgk

jotgrgk jgrputgcg.
Gpgdgb fktorprostgsf polorfdsggk pghg dgsus torso`ut 9
g. Xucf dil`fkgsf
 `. Xucf dikhusfa
e. Xucf
soksirfd h. Xucf
sgrga 
o. kirlgc
^ol`gbgsgk =
Utrgtojf =
7>. Uoirgkj porolpugk `orusfg 00 tgbuk hf rgwgt hf rugkj `ohgb hokjgk pgseg
iporgsf gpokhfdtilf bgrf do 0. ^gsfok lokjocub kyorf pghg cudg `odgs iporgsf, sdgcg
kyorf 1, wgmgb lokyorfkjgf, pgsfok susgb tfhur hgk lokjocub lugc sortg kgasu lgdgk
`ordurgkj. XH 75>/2> llBj, aroduoksf kghf 62 x/lokft, aroduoksf kgpgs 08 x/lokft, subu
5:, ? E, tglpgd colgb hgk jocfsgb.
Gpgdgb lgsgcgb doporgwgtgk pghg dgsus torso`ut 9
g. Kyorf gdut
 `. Pfsfdi fkaodsf

e H H o af e f t u t rfs f
h h. F Fk ti c o r g k sf g d tfvftgs
o. Jgkjjugk picg tfhur
^ol`gbgsgk =
Utrgtojf =
77. Uoirgkj porolpugk `orusfg ?2 tgbuk hf rgwgt hf rugkj kouricijf hokjgk strido
bgolirbgjfd. Bgsfc pokjdgmfgk dosghgrgk stupir hokjgk JEU 6, roacox pupfc cgl`gt,
dosgk bolfpgrgso hoxtrg. XH 76>/7>> llBj, aroduoksf kghf 7>> x/lokft, aroduoksf kgpgs
02 x/lokft hgk subu 52 E. EX-segk lokukmuddgk ghgkyg jgl`grgk bfporhoks pghg hgorgb
ariktitolpirgc dgkgk Gpgdgb lgsgcgb doporgwgtgk ygkj topgt pghg dgsus torso`ut 9
g. Jgkjjugk porausf mgrfkjgk soro`rgc
 `. Dotfhgdoaodtfagk picg
kgpgs e. Bgl`gtgk
li`fcftgs afsfd 

h. Posfdi
eohorg o.
Bfportorlfg

Utrgtojf =
^ol`gbgsgk =
70. Uoirgkj cgdf-cgdf `orusfg 1? tgbuk, hf rgwgt hf rugkj kouricijf hokjgk docubgk
lokjgcglf docolgbgk pghg sfsf dfrf tu`ub somgd solgcgl. Bgsfc pokjdgmfgk hf hgpgtdgk
wgmgb gsflotrfs,
 `fegrg poci, hf `orf lfkul torsohgd, cfhgb torcfbgt lokeikj do dgkgk. EX ―segk lokukmuddgk
fkagrd ci`us pgrfotgc hoxtrg.
Gpgdgb lgsgcgb doporgwgtgk ygkj topgt pghg dgsus torso`ut 9
g. Dotfhgdsofl`gkjgk kutrfsf durgkj hgrf do`utubgk
tu`ub
 `. Pfsfdi dotfhgdoaodtfagk porausf mgrfkjgk
soro`rgc e. Bgl`gtgk dilukfdgsf vor`gc
 h. Bgl`gtgk li`fcftgs
afsfd o. Pfsfdi gspfrgsf
^ol`gbgsgk
Utrgtojf

75. Uoirgkj cgdf-cgdf `orusfg ?0 tgbuk hf rgwgt hf rugkj pokygdft hgcgl hokjgk hfgjkisfs
HL. bgsfc pokjdgmfgk, luhgb cocgb, gdtfvftgs hf `gktu irgkj cgfk, sorfkj lorgsg bgus, @@
turuk, ducft dorfkj, XH 70>2> llBj, aroduoksf kghf 2> x/lokft, aroduoksf kgpgs 0> x
/lokft hgk bgsfc cg`irgtirful jucg hgrgb sowgdtu ?:2 lj/hc.
Gpgdgb lgsgcgb doporgwgtgk utglg pghg dgsus torso`ut 9
g. Hoafeft kutrfsf
 `. Fkticorgksf gdtfvftgs
e. Dodurgkjgk viculo
egfrgk h. Dorusgdgk
fktojrftgs ducft
o. Dotfhgdstg`fcgk dghgr jcudisg hgrgb
^ol`gbgsgk
Utrgtojf
78. Uoirgkj cgdf-cgdf `orusfg 1> tgbuk hgtgkj do pici `ohgb hokjgk docubgk kyorf hgk dgdu pghg
 porsokhfgk dgdf. Bgsfc pokjdgmfgk sdgcg kyorf 5 `ortgl`gb sggt pgjf colgs, dosucftgk sggt
 `orjorgd hgk roktgkj jorgd lokuruk, pgsfok mujg lokjocub pokygdftkyg tfhgd sol`ub-
sol`ub.
Gpgdgb lgsgcgb utglg pghg dgsus torso`ut 9
g.   Dorusgdgk li`fcftgs afsfd 

 `.
e. Pfsfdi eohorg
Docolgbgk
h. Kyorf gdut
o. Gksfotgs
^ol`gbgsgk =
Xorhgpgt 0 lgkfaostgsf utglg dcfkfs pghg istoigrtbrftfs ygftu kyorf `ortgl`gb `orgt pghg pgjf
bgrf hgk dotor`gtgsgk porjorgdgk, sorfkj hf fdutf icob dropftus, dodgdugk sokhf hgk mujg
 pol`osgrgk sokhf.
Utrgtojf =
Aieus utglg lgkgmolok IG ghgcgb lgkgmolok kyorf hgk por`gfdgk li`fcftgs `fcg
kyorf suhgb hgpgt hf ticorgksf lgdg aieus lgkgmolok doporgwgtgk ghgcgb
lokjol`gcfdgk aukjsf li`fcftgs pgsfok.

7?. Uoirgkj porolpugk `orusfg 81 tgbuk hf rgwgt hf rugkj pokygdft hgcgl hokjgk HBA.
Bgsfc
 pokjdgmfgk pgsfok lokjocub colgb, torhgpgt potodfo pghg dohug cokjgk hgk dohug
odstrolftgs torgsg hfkjfk hgk su`u 5? E.. bgsfc polorfdsggk cg`irgtirful B@ 72 lj/hc,
bolgtierft ?> %, tril`isft 8?.>>>>/ll5
Gpg lgsgcgb doporgwgtgk ygkj utglg pghg dgsus torso`ut 9
g . Pfsfdi syid
 `. Bfportorlfg
e. Pfsfdi porhgrgbgk
h. Fkticorgksf
gdtfaftgs
o. Jgkjjugk fktojrftgs ducft
 ^ol`gbgsgk =
Fkaodsf vfrus hokjuo gdgk lokyo`g`dgk tormghfkyg pokfkjdgtgk porlog`fcftgs hfkhfkj
 pol`ucub hgrgb hgk lorol`oskyg egfrgk do odstrgvgsducor. ^otodfo hgk tril`ispokfg
 (7?>.>>>/ll5-8?>.>>>/ll5) lorupgdgk tgkhg ghgkyg porhgrgbgk pghg pgsfok HBA. ^ghg
dgsus hfgtgs porcu hf wgspghgf ghgkyg do`ieirgk pcgslg hokjgk lokfkjdgtkyg B@ ygftu
72
lj/hc (75-7? lj/hc ) hgk pokfkjdgtgk bolgtierft ygftu ?> % (5: %-8: %) ygkj
hgpgt lokyo`g`dgk dikhfsf bfpicolfg hgk syid.

Utrgtojf =
Bfportolf tormghf 0-: bgrf `fgsgkyg `fagsfd, pghg dgsus subu tfhgd `ojftu tfkjjf sojfkjjg
tfhgd lokmghf prfirftgs. ^ghg pgsfok suhgb tormghf porhgrgbgk hokjgk ghgkyg potodfo hgk
tbril`us 8?.>>/ll5, potodfo tfhgd lokhudukj lgsgcgb jgkjjugk fktojrftgs ducft
71. Uoirgkj cgdf-cgdf `orusfg 8? tgbuk hf rgwgt hf rugkj pokygdft hgcgl hokjgk docubgk
hfgro drikfs somgd so`ucgk ygkj cgcu. ^gsfok lolpukygf rfwgygt BFQ lokjgcglf pokurukgk
@@ 72 Dj hgcgl 8 `ucgk torgdbfr. Bgsfc pokjdgmfgk turjit ducft tfhgd ocgstfs,
lol`rgko ludisg dorfkj, urfk iutput lokuruk, diksoktrgsf lokuruk.
Gpgdgb lgsgcgb doporgwgtgk prfirftgs pghg pgsfok torso`ut 9
g. Dotfhgd sofl`gkjgk kutrfsf durgkj hgrf do`utubgk tu`ub
 `. Dorusgdgk fktojrftgs ducft
e. Hoafeft viculo egfrgk
h. Bgl`gtgk lolirf
o. Hfgro
^ol`gbgsgk
Utrgtojf
7:. Uoirgkj cgdf-cgdf `orusfg 1> tgbuk, hgtgkj do picfdcfkfd lgtg hhokjgk docubgk
pgkhgkjgk lgtg so`ocgb dgkgk dg`ur. Bgsfc pokjdgmfgk vfsus 8/1, XFI 0: llBj, coksg
tglpgd dorub,

tglpgd jocfsgb, aroduoksf

kghf 2> x/lokft, pgsfok tglpgd `orbgtf-bgtf
kgpgs 0> mfdg5:`ormgcgk,
x/lokft subu XH 7?>/7>> llBj, aroduoksf
, PP 0> x/lokft
Gpgdgb lgsgcgb doporgwgtgk utglg pghg dgsus torso`ut 9
g. Eolgs
 `. Kyorf gdut
e. Pfsfdi eohorg bgl`gtgk li`fcftgs
afsfd h. Bgl`gtgk li`fcftgs afsfd
o. Jgkjjugk porsopsf soksirf
^ol`gbgsgk
Utrgtojf
72. Uoirgkj cgdf-cgdf `orusfg ?> tgbuk hf rgwgt hf rugkj pokygdft hgcgl lokjocub kyorf hghg
dfrf soportf hf todgk `okhg `orgt. Kyorf `ordurgkj hokjgk fstfrgbgt hgk `ortgl`gb hokjgk
gdtfaftgs, sdgcg kyorf 1. ^orgwgt gdgk locgdudgk tfkhgdgk porodglgk ODJ pghg pgsfok.
^orgwgt tocgb

lolgsgkj sghgpgk hf Q0
Hflgkgdgb cidgsf polgsgkjgk ocoetriho `orfdutkyg 9
g. Uocg fjg do 0 jgrfs storkgc dgkgk
 `. Uocg fjg do 0 jgrfs storkgc dfrf
e. socg fjg do 8 jgrfs storkgc
dgkgk h. socg fjg do 8 jgrfs
storkgc dfrf
o. socg fjg do ? jgrfs storkgc dfrf
^ol`gbgsgk
ODJ lorupgdgk rgkjdgfgk dojfgtgk lorodgl gdtfvftgs cfstrfd mgktukj hgcgl wgdtu
tortoktu, sghgpgk ocoetriho stgkhgr ygkj hf pgsgkj hf porfdirhfgc ghgcgb =
Q7 < socg fjg do 8 jgrfs storkgc dfrf
Q0 < socg fjg do 8 jgrus storkgc dgkgk
Q5 < gktgrg v0 hgk v8
 Q8 socg fjg do ? jgrfs lfh dcgafducg
Q? < somgmgr v8 jgrfs gktorfir gxfcg
Q1< somgmgr v? jgrfs lfh gxfccg
Utrgtojf

^fcfbgk mgwg`gk socgfk H lorupgdgk `udgk sghgpgk ocodtrihg v0

76. pgsfok cgdf<cgdf `orusfg 2> tgbuk hf rgwgt hf pokygdft hgcgl hokjgk jgjgc mgktukj jrgho
FQ.
^gsfok lokygtgdgk tocgb sfgp lokfkjjgc hgk co`fb `or`gbgjfg `fsg `ortolu Xubgk kyg hgk
lokicgd uktud hf cgdudgk tfkhgdgk gpgpuk. Dikhfsf pgsfok lokuruk dosghgrgk spiir
dilg hgk lokjgcglf boktf mgktukj. ^orgwgt totgp locgdudgk tfkhgdgk PM^
lgkgdgb prfksfp otfd ygkj hf cgkjjgr porgwgt pghg dgsus torso`ut 9
g. mustfeo
 `. afhocfty
e. itikilf
h. `okfafefokeo
o. kik-lgcoafefokeo
 pol`gbgsgk
strgtojf
Afhocfty < lokopgtf mgkmf hgk dilftlokt torbghgp irgkj cgfk
Qorgefty < prfksfp pokub hokjgk domumurgk gdgk do`okgrgk
@okfafefokeo ghgcgb bgc-bgc ygkj `gfd uktud irgkj cgfk
 Afkgc tost

7. soirgkj cgdf-cgdf `orusfg 8: tgbuk, hf rgwgt hf Ps hokjgk @okfjkg ^ristgt bfportriaf,

bgsfc
 pokjdgmfgk = torhgpgt hfstoksf dgkhukj dolfb, sggt hf cgdudgk polgsgkjgk aiccoy
dgtotor tormghf tgbgkgk pghg urotrg

gpgdgb tfkhgdgk porgwgt socgkmutkyg 9

g. lokjjgktf hokjgk udurgk dgtotor ygkj co`fb doefc
 `. totgp locgkmutdgk polgsgkjgk aiccoy
dgtotor e.
lokjboktfdgk polgsgkjgk aiccoy dgtotor 
h. lokjgkmurdgk pgsfok uktud kgags
hgcgl o. locgpirdgk pghg porgwgt
sokfir 
0.
5.
8.
?.
1.
:.
2.
6.
7>.
77.
70.
75.
78. M`
7?.
71.
7:. Uoirgkj porolpugk `orusfg 1: tgbuk hf rgwgt hf rugkj pokygdft hgcgl somgd 7 lfkjju
ygkj cgcu. Bgsfc pokjdgmfgk = odstrolftgs gtgs hgk `gwgb so`ocgb dfrf tfhgd hgpgt hf jorgddgk
soegrg gdtfa, ducft hfsodftgr grog pgktgt tglpgd dolorgbgk hgk pgsfok lorgsg `idikj
kyg torgsg
 pgkgs.
Gpgdgb tfkhgdgk ygkj topgt hf cgdudgk pghg pgsfok torso`ut 9
g. locgdudgk lgssgjo hgorgb pgktgt
 `. locgtfb roktgkj jorgd odstrolftgs
e. lol`orfdgk dilpros gfr
bgkjgt h. lolikftir grog ducft
pgsfok
o. li`fcfsgsf tfgp 0 mgl
72. soirgkj porgwgt locgdudgk dukmukjgk docugrjg do sirgkj cgdf-cgdf (?> tgbuk )
ygkj lokjgcglf strido hgk culpub pghg odstrolftgs dgkgk, docugrjg lokjgtgdgk
tfhgd porkgb locgdudgk cgtfbgk pghg dcfok dgrokg tfhgd ghg wgdtu. ^orgwgt
lokjgmgrdgk docugrjg locgdudgk cgtfbgk ril pgsfa pghg dcfok
lgkgdgb porkygtggk docugrjg ygkj lokukmuddgk poru`gbgk sfdgp docugrjg 9
g. –sgyg gdgk locgtfb `gpgd sosodgcf –
 `. –sgyg lol`gktu `gpgd mfdg hf hglpfkj porgwgt –
e. –sgyg gdgk lol`fgrdgk `gpgd uktud `orcgtfb sokhfrf“
 h. –sgyg gdgk locgtfb `gpgd hug dgcf hgcgl sgtu
bgrf“ o. Ugyg gdgk locgtfb `gpgd solglpu sgmg“

76. Uoirgkj cgdf-cgdf `orusfg 81 tgbuk hf rgwgt hf rugkj porgwgtgk mgktukj hokjgk docubgk kyorf
hghg dfrf ygkj lokmgcgr do rgbgkj hgk sfsf hgcgl cokjgk dfrf sglpgf umukj mgrf. Bgsfc
 porodglgk ODJ, tglpgd poru`gbgk sojlok UX ygkj lokjjgl`grdgk gdut fkaorfir lfidgrh
fkagrd.
Lgkgdgb cogh ODJ ygkj lokukmuddgk fkhgrd pghg dgsus torso`ut 9
g. Cogh FF, FFF, gQA
 `. Cogh F, gQC
e. Cogh Q?-Q1
h. Cogh
Q7<Q0 o.
0>. Uggt dukmukjgk rulgb, hftoludgk cgdf-cgdf usfg 77 tgbuk sohgkj lokiktik afcl hf fktorkot.
Bgsfc gkglkosfs = dcfok lokygtgdgk lgcgs `orlgfk hf cugr rulgb hgk co`fb sokgkj lokiktik
afcl. Docugrjg lokjgtgdgk tfhgd lol`gtgsf mgl lokiktik gkgd sopgkmgkj ^P
sodicgb hf socosgfdgk. Bgsfc polorfdsggk afsfd = @@ :> Dj hgk X@ 7?? el
Gpgdgb hfgjkisfs doporgwgtgk ygkj topgt 9
g. Dipfkj docugrjg oaodtfa
 `. Dosfgpgk lokfkjdgtdgk dipfkj
e. Dotfhgdsofl`gkjgk kutrfsf co`fb hgrf do`utubgk
h. ^olocfbgrggk dosobgtgk tfhgd oaodtfa 
o.   Pfsfdi fsicgsf sisfgc
07. Uoirgkj porolpugk `orusfg ?1 tgbuk hf rgwgt hu rugkj pokygdft hgcgl hokjgk
ucdus hfg`otfdul. Bgsfc pokjdgmfgk pgsfok, lokjocub `ghgk torgsg colgs, `gru
lokjotgbuf lokhorftg HL, `gkygd lfkul, `gkygd dokefkj sortg pghg `gcutgk cudg
kyg torhgpgt rol`osgk, polorfdsggk JHU 0?> lj/hc, B`G7e :%
Gpgdgb tfkhgdgk doporgwgtgk utglg pghg dgsus torso`ut 9
g. @orfdgk ohudgsf toktgkj HL
 `. Cgdudgk porgwgtgk cudg
e. Likftir fktgdo iutput
h. @gktu hgcgl
gl`ucgsf o. diktric jucg
hgrgb
00. sggt locgdudgk dukmukjgk ucgkj, porgwgt locgdudgk ovgcugsf pghg dcfok `gtftg usfg 5
tgbuk

hokjgk bgsfc bgsfc

tfpfs dolorgbgk, DLUpolorfdsggk afsfd F`u
hf jgrfs dukfkj. = @@ kgfdtocgb
dcfok 7 Dj, gkgd lgsfb
lokhgpgtdgk torcfbgt doporgwgtgk
fktorvoksf durus, rgl`ut
tordgft
egrg lolpor`gfdf stgtus jfzf pghg gkgd 
gpgdgb fkhfdgtir do`orbgsfcgk tfkhgdgk porgwgt pghg dgsus torso`ut 9
g. docugrjg hgpgt lokyo`utdgk pokjortfgk, tgkhg hgk jomgcg jfzf durgkj
 `. docugrjg hgpgt lokyo`utdgk egrg porgwgtgk gkgd hokjgk jfzf durgkj
e. docugrjg lokygtgdgk dofkjfkgkkyg uktud lol`orfdgk jfzf sofl`gkj
h. docugrjg lokyusuk loku lgdgkgk gkgd hgcgl sobgrf
o. docugrjg lol`gwg gkgd kyg uktud hf porfdsg do pusdoslgs
05. soirgkj porolpugk `orusfg 80 tgbuk ^5G> hgtgkj do picfdcfkfd DFG hokjgk
docubgk doputfbgk ygkj `gkygd, `or`gu `usud hgk jgtgc somgd 7 `ucgk ygkj cgcu. Bgsfc
pokjdgmfgk = rfwgygt porhgrgbgk sotocgb sokjjglg, XH 7>>/:> llBj, aroduoksf kgpgs 0>
x/lokft, subu 5: E. torhgpgt pokjocugrgk egfrgk porvgjfkgl ygkj `or`gu `usud hokjgk
wgrkg dukfkj
 dobfmgugk.
Gpgdgb polorfdsggk pokukmgkj ygkj topgt pghg dgsus torso`ut 9
g. `fipsy
 `. sfstfsdipf

e. pgp slogr h.
vgjfkgc swg`
o. ductur mgrfkjgk
08. soirgkj porolpugk `orusfg 0> tgbuk hgtgkj dopusdoslgs `orsglg suglfkyg
dgrokg lokjocub lugc luktgb torutglg pghg pgjf bgrf, sorfkj `ugkj gfr doefc hgk
suhgb 0 `ucgk tfhgd lokstrugsf. Bgsfc polorfdsggk afsfd = pgyuhgrg lol`osgr, XH 7>>/:>
llBj, aroduoksf kghf :1 x/lokft, aroduoksf kgpgs 08 x/lokft hgk subu 5: E
gpgdgb aieus pokjdgmfgk pghg dgsus torso`ut 9
g. wgdtu torgdbfr `orbu`ukjgk sodsugc
 `. bgfh portglg bgfh
torgdbfr e. rfwgygt
lokstrugsf
h. rfwgygt dosobgtgk
o. docubgk cgfk
0?. porgwgt hf PZ `fkggk lol`gktu lgsygrgdgt ygkj `ocul lolpukygf mglfkgk
dosobgtgk kgsfikgc (MDK) hokjgk locgdudgk kojisfgsf pghg PX hgk PZ, doluhfgk
locgpirdgk dopghg docurgbgk sortg hfkgs siefgc gjgr wgrjg ygkj tfhgd lglpu hgpgt hf
`orfdgk dgrtu Fkhikosfg sobgt.
Gpgdgb porgk porgwgt hgcgl dgsus torso`ut 9
g. lgkgmor dgsus
 `. agsfcftgtir 
e.
ohuegtir h.
ghvidgt
o. pokocftf
1. soirgkj porolpugk `orusfg 0? tgbuk hf rgwgt hf rgwgt hf rugkj `ohgb hokjgk eohorg dopgcg
dgrokg doeocgdggk cgcu cfktgs. ^orgwgt lokjdgmf tfkjdgt dosghgrgk. Uggt hf `orf rgkjsgkjgk
kyorf pgsfok lol`udg lgtg, tgkjgk lokgrfd dog rgb acodsf hgk lokjorgkj.
@orgpgdgb kfcgf JEU pgsfok pghg dgsus torso`ut 9
g. O5Q7L?
 `. O5Q0L8
e.
O5Q7L? h.
O0Q0L8
o . O0Q7L5
0:. @gyf porolpugk `orusfg 72 `ucgk hf rgwgt hf rugkj rgwgt gkgd hokjgk lir`fcf. Bgsfc
 pokjdgmfgk holgl = holgl hgk `gtud somgd 8 bgrf ygkj cgcu, tfl`uc `fktfd lorgb hf `ocgdgkj
tocfkjg, ludg, cobor, hghg, `gtud `orcokhfr hgk dghgkj luktgb, lgtg lorgb, `f`fr
dorfkj, torhgpgt sgrfgwgk subu 8> E, aroduoksf kgpgs 5> x/lokft hgk aroduoksf kghf 7>>
x/lokft Gpgdgb agso lir`fcf ygkj hfgcglf icob pgsfok torso`ut 9
g. Gwgc orupsf
 `. Gdbfr orupsf
e. Dikvgcoksf
h. Gwgc dgtgrgcfs
 o. Gwgc prihirlgc
2. Uoirgkj cgdf-cgdf `orusfg 88 tgbuk hf rgwgt hf rugkj sgrga hokjgk docubgk dgdf dgkgk colgb,
hgk sucft hf jorgdgk. ^gsfok rfwgygt mgtub hf dglgr lgkhf 0 bgrf ygkj cgcu. Bgsfc
pokjdgmfgk
 dodugtgk itit odstrolftgs `gwgb 5, pgsfok tglpgd ditir, XH 75>/2> llBj , aroduoksf
kgpgs 72 x/lokft. Aroduoksf kghf 2> x/lokft hgk subu 5: E
Gpgdgb fktorvoksf doporgwgtgk pghg dgsus
torso`ut 9 g. Gmgrdgk poru`gbgk pisfsf

 `. Gmgrdgk porsikgc byjfoko

e. Cgdudgk lgsgso itit
h. Gmgrdgk pgsfok PIL
o. @gktu GHC
06. Uoirgkj porolpugk `orusfg 0? tgbuk hf rgwgt hf rugkj pokygdft hgcgl hokjgk gslg. Bgsfc
 pokjdgmfgk, pgsfok lokjocub sosgd, wboozfkj dohug pgru, aroduoksf kgpgs = 02 x/lokft,
XH 75>/6> llBj. Aroduoksf kghf 62 x.lokft, subu 5:,2 E. pgsfok hf `orfdgk torgpf
ko`ucgsf vokticfk 0,? lj hgk 5 lc KgEc >,6 %
Gpgdgb ovgcugsf tfkhgdgk pghg dgsus torso`ut 9
g. UpI0
 `. Xgkhg-tgkhg vftgc
e. Bgsfc gkgcfsg jgs hgrgb
h. Gusductgsf `ukyf kgpgs
o. ^okjjukggk itit `gktu kgpgs
5>. Xoregtgt tfkjdgt dolgtfgk ygkj tfkjjf torbghgp dgsus sfkhrilg eirikor gdut pghg so`ugb PU.
Hgtg lokukmuddgk 1> % porgwgt tfhgd lglpu lokhotodsf soegrg hfkf dikhfsf
ygkj lokjgkegl kygwg pgsfok. Mulcgb porgwgt hf rugkj rgwgt torso`ut lokeudupf.
@o`orgpg
 porgwgt lokygtgdgk rikho doporgwgtgk hgk hfsdusf dgsus tfhgd hf cgdudgk soegrg rutfk.

Gpgdgb cgkjdgb ygkjpokhfhfdgk

g. Locgkmutdgk topgt hf cgdudgk pghg sftugsf
do mokmgkj torso`ut 9
ygkj co`fb
tfkjjf
 `. Locgdudgk diksuctgsf dopghg rulgb sgdft mgktukj hgk pol`ucub hgrgb
e. Locgdudgk stuhf cftorgturo tordgft pokgkjgkgk dgsus mgktukj hgk pol`ucub hgrgb
h. Lokjfdutf pocgtfbgk pokgkjgkgk dgsus hf rulgb sgdft mgktukj hgk pol`ucub
hgrgb
o. Locgdudgk pokjdgmfgk dgsus soegrg hotgfc tordgft dgsus mgktukj hgk pol`ucub
hgrgb 57. Uoirgkj cgdf-cgdf `orusfg 85 tgbuk hf rgwgt hf ukft pokygdft hgcgl hokjgk HL.
pgsfok hf
rokegkgdgk polorfdsggk JHU hokjgk lokjjukgdgk jcueilotor. ^orgwgt tocgb
lokyfgpdgk gcgt hgk lokmocgsdgk prisohur tfkhgdgk sortg lokusud pghg grog ygkj tocgb hf
hosfkaodsf Gpgdgb tfkhgdgk ygkj topgt hfcgdudgk socgkmutkyg 9
g. Lokodgk soegrg `orucgkj sodftgr grog pokusudgk.
 `. Lokhosfkaodsf stfed hokjgk lokjjukgdgk gceibic swg`
e. Lokjdiktgddgk sglpoc hgrgb ygkj docugr hokjgk soksir stfed
h. Lokjjorgd-jorgddgk stfed sggt diktgd hokjgk sglpoc hgrgb
o. Lol`ugt hgrgb gpus ygkj portglg dgcf docugr hgrf grog pokusudgk
50. Uoirgkj cgdf-cgdf `orusfg 0? tgbuk hfgktgr do _JH dgrokg doeocgdggk. Bgsfc
pokjdgmfgk = argdtur aolur sfkfstrg tor`udg ³ hfstgc, lorfkjfs, sdgcg kyorf 1,
odstrolftgs tfhgd hgpgt hf jorgdgk, porhgrgbgk lokjgcfr, gdrgc hfkjfk. XH 6?/1>
llBj, aroduoksf kghf 7>>x/lokft, aroduoksf kgpgs x2 x/lokft.
Gpgdgb tfkhgdgk ygkj bgrus hf cgdudgk pghg dgsus torso`ut 9
g. ^ol`orfgk I0
 `. Posusftgsf egfrgk
 e. ^gsgkj tiurkfquot
h. ^gsgkj `gcut `fhgf
o. ^ortgbgkdgk tfrgb `grfkj
55. ^orgwgt lokmocgsdgk soegrg sfkjdgt, mocgs hgk cokjdgp toktgkj tfkhgdgk lgkhfrf hgk bgsfckyg,
 rokegkg fktorvoksf socgkmutkyg sortg tfkhgdgk dicg`irgtfa ygkj suhgb hf cgdudgk. ^orgwgt mujg
lokyglpgfdgk pordol`gkjgk pgsfok sotocgb gsubgk socglg 08 mgl dopghg pgsfok EEL
(ecfkfegc egro lgkgjor) hokjgk egrg tortucfs hgk cfsgk pghg sggt tfl`gkj torflg.
Gpgdgb porgk porgwgt hgcgl lotiho gsubgk dporgwgtgk torso`ut 9

g. porgwgt prflor 
 `. porgwgt pocgdsgkg
e. suporvfsir 
h. dopgcg rugkj
o. porgwgt pokjjgktf
58.
5?.
51.
Gpgdgb pokjdgmfgk cgkmut ygkj bgrus hf cgdudgk porgwgt 9
g. ^olorfdsggk afsfd gkgd 
 `. Cfkjdukjgk rulgb hgk sodftgrkyg

5:.