UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA

SCHOOL OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING, SHAH ALAM

Group Name : EMD3M1C

Lecturer : DR. SHAHARUDIN BIN AHMAD

No. Group Members Student ID

1. AMIRAH ‘ALYA HIDAYAH BINTI ZAINON 2021477228
2. MOHAMAD FARIS BIN MOHD NOR 2021476852
3. EMYLIALIZA BINTI ABDUL HALIM 2021494606
4. SUHAILA BINTI MOHD SOPI 2021471332

After you complete this task, you should be able to:

CO3 Develop solutions to a complex engineering problem using appropriate analytical

approaches. [PO4, LO3, SS1] {C6}.

Report Assessment Marks

Introduction and objectives

Literature review

Complexity of structure and assumptions

Photos of structure and free body diagrams

Results and calculations

Discussions

Conclusions

Overall impression of the report including references

Total marks

Scale 1 2 3 4 5
Level Poor Acceptable Excellent
TABLE OF CONTENTS

1.0 INTRODUCTION 3
2.0 PROBLEM STATEMENT 4
3.0 OBJECTIVES 4
4.0 LITERATURE REVIEW 5
5.0 DESIGN BY EACH MEMBER 6
6.0 PHOTO STRUCTURED OF FINALIZED DESIGN 8
7.0 COMPLEXITY OF STRUCTURE 9
8.0 RESULT AND CALCULATION 12
9.0 DISCUSSION 15
10.0 CONCLUSION 16
11.0 REFERENCES 17
 1.0 INTRODUCTION

This assignment is about structural analysis of the bedroom storage rack. We improve our
design to ensure our rack becomes more stable. This design needs to be correlated to the static
equilibrium principle. The Principle of static consists of the study of structures that are at rest under
static equilibrium conditions.

The bedroom storage rack can be used as storage to put books and many things, so it needs
strong wood. We had discussed and agreed to use fibre board as our material of design. It is because
this material is very cheap, strong, lightweight and waterproof. We also choose the best design that
consists of a combination of part and roller type. The ideas of the design originated from the bedroom
storage rack that is available in the market, but we improved our design to make it a bit complex.

Figure 1 : Fibre board

One of the reasons why we choose this design is due to its material being made from wood
which is fibre board. The overall dimensions, weight of the load and its appearance which have many
parts and roller build a good shape for human uses.

There are also a few principles needed to apply in this assignment, theories and formulae that
are associated with this design that we want to analyze. From the concept of stress and strain, we are
able to study the relationship between the external loads on the body and the intensity of the internal
loads within the body. Next, deformation and stability also are involved when external forces are
subjected to the body. It will result in stress on the body. The factor of safety also can be determined by
using ratio. Factor of safety (F.S) is a ratio between the failure load and allowable load.

Torque can be determined because of the need to measure the force that can cause an object to
rotate about an axis. As the load or books will be placed on a horizontal compartment it will experience
a bending moment and the structure design will be sagging. Lastly, buckling is the term for the lateral
deflection. The buckling condition can be controlled by the critical load value.
2.0 PROBLEM STATEMENT

● Consider the best storage rack or cabinet design that can be placed in a small bedroom area.

3.0 OBJECTIVES

1. To design a bedroom storage rack that can be placed in a small bedroom area
2. To analyse parts of the final bedroom storage rack design by using static equilibrium analysis
3. To consider the detail of the chosen bedroom storage rack design such as its dimension which
are cross section and height, types of external loadings and then points of application.
4. To construct a free body diagram for parts of the selected bedroom storage rack design.
4.0 LITERATURE REVIEW

There are several principles that are applied during the completion of this common assignment
such as the application of Stress.
𝐹𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒
Stress = 𝐶𝑟𝑜𝑠𝑠 𝑆𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎

𝐹
σ= 𝐴

Stress is defined as the force per unit area applied to the material. The maximum stress a
material can stand before it breaks is called the breaking stress or ultimate tensile stress. Tensile means
that material is under tension; the forces acting on it are trying to stretch the material. Compression is
when the forces acting on an object are trying to squash it.

Torsion is a moment that twists a member about its longitudinal axis. If the angle of rotation is
small, the length of the shaft and its radius will remain unchanged. When material is linear-elastic,
Hooke’s law applies. A linear variation in shear strain variation in shear stress along any radial line on
the cross section.
𝑇 = 𝑟𝐹𝑠𝑖𝑛 θ
When a force is applied to a body, it will change the body’s shape and size. Deformation
analysis or the application of Saint-Venant’s principle states that both localized deformation and stress
tend to “ even out “ at a distance sufficiently removed from the region. By using Hooke’s law and the
definitions of stress and strain we are able to develop the elastic deformation. The equation is :
𝑁𝐿
δ = 𝐴𝐸

A bending moment is the reaction induced in a structural element when an external force or
moment is applied to the element, causing the element to bend. The most common or simplest
structural element subjected to bending moments is the beam.

Buckling Columns is a phenomenon in structural engineering which occurs when slender

elements under high compression suddenly collapse. Thankfully design measures can be taken to
prevent this. Buckling load analysis shows the maximum load that the column can resist before
buckling. The factors which impact this analysis are element length, stiffness in geometry and elasticity
of the material. Another important nature of the failure mode is that it is instantaneous. This is also the
reason why it is so deceptive and dangerous.
5.0 DESIGN BY EACH MEMBER

AMIRAH ‘ALYA HIDAYAH BINTI ZAINON MOHAMAD FARIS BIN MOHD NOR
EMYLIALIZA BINTI ABDUL HALIM SUHAILA BINTI MOHD SOPI
6.0 PHOTO STRUCTURED OF FINALIZED DESIGN

Actual Design :

Drawing :
7.0 COMPLEXITY OF STRUCTURE
From the design that we had chosen, the design can be classified as a simple structure that consists of
a few similar parts that are having the same shape and dimensions. There are five structural analyses that
can be determined from the design.

Part 1 : Stress Analysis

Free Body Diagram (FBD) :

When the books are put on the rack, this part will be compressed and the value of the stress can be
calculated using the formula below :

Equation Description

𝑁 N : Internal resultant force

σ = 𝐴 A : Cross-sectional area of the part

Part 2 : Torque Analysis

Free Body Diagram (FBD) :

According to the FBD above, torque analysis can be determine which torque is the measure of force that
can cause an object to rotate about an axis. The equation of the internal torque is :

Equation Description

r : Radius from the center of gravity

F : Force
𝑇 = 𝑟𝐹𝑠𝑖𝑛 θ
θ : Angle of the part
Part 3 : Bending Moment Analysis
Free Body Diagram (FBD) :

This part is the horizontal compartment where the books will be placed which means all the loads are
subjected to, it will experience a bending moment and the structured design will be sagging.

Equation Description

Shear Force : Force needs to be resolved into x and y

components.
Σ𝐹 = 𝐹(𝑁)
Σ𝐹𝑥 = 0 Σ𝐹𝑦 = 0

Bending Moment : Positive and negative signs of the bending

moments depend on the assumption of the
rotation either clockwise or counterclockwise.
Σ𝑀 = 0 ; 𝑀 = 𝐹𝑑
F = Force exerted at the point.
d = Distance from the moment point to the force.

Part 4 : Deformation Analysis

Free Body Diagram (FBD) :

Displacement of one point relative to the other point can be determine in this part according to the axial
load formula.

Equation Description

N : Internal resultant normal force

𝑁𝐿 L : Original length of the part

δ = 𝐴𝐸 A : Cross-sectional area of the part

E : Modulus of elasticity
Part 5 : Buckling Analysis
Free Body Diagram (FBD) :

Columns are long slender members subjected to axial compressive force. Buckling is the term for the
lateral deflection that takes place. The critical load is the greatest axial load that a column can withstand
before it buckles. Generally, the buckling condition can be controlled by the critical load value. As we
designed a storage rack for a bedroom and more focused on book rack, therefore we can assume how
much load of books that can be supported by the storage rack before it buckles. Buckling equation for
the column is :

Equation Description

Where ;

𝑃𝑐𝑟 : Maximum value of axial load that can be supported by the

column before it starts to buckle.
2
π 𝐸𝐼 E : Modulus elasticity of the material which is wood.
𝑃𝑐𝑟 = 2
(𝐾𝐿) I : Moment of inertia of the column’s cross-sectional area.

K : Effective-length factor.

L : Unsupported length of the column, which is pinned-end

column.
8.0 RESULT AND CALCULATION

Assumptions :
i. Material used is fibre board.
ii. Value of E is equivalent to 11 GPa.
iii. The weight of the books is 1500N.
iv. The leg of the storage rack in part 1 is all supported at the roller.
v. The centre of the gravity is the centre of the components.
vi. The angle of the component is 90°

Solutions :
Part 1: Stress Analysis

Calculation for stress analysis:

𝑁
σ = 𝐴

1500𝑁
σ = 0.1

4
σ= 1. 5 × 10 𝑁/𝑚
4
Since the stress obtained by one leg is 1. 5 × 10 𝑁/𝑚, so the total stress
4
gained by 4 leg is 1. 5 × 10 𝑁/𝑚 × 4 = 60000 N

Part 2 : Torque Analysis

Calculation for torque :

𝑇 = 𝑟𝐹𝑠𝑖𝑛 θ
0
𝑇 = (0. 5𝑚)(1500𝑁)𝑠𝑖𝑛90
𝑇 = 750 𝑁𝑚
Part 3 : Bending Moment Analysis

i. Shear Force Calculation ii. Bending Moment Calculation

Σ𝐹𝑥 = 0 Σ𝑀𝐴 = 0

Σ𝐹𝑦 = 0 − 1950𝑁 (0. 65𝑚) + 𝐵𝑦 (1. 3𝑚) = 0

𝐴𝑦 − 1500𝑁/𝑚 (1. 3𝑚) + 𝐵𝑦 = 0 1. 3 𝐵𝑦 = 1267. 5𝑁𝑚

𝐴𝑦 + 𝐵𝑦 = 1950𝑁 𝐵𝑦 = 975𝑁 — (2)

𝐴𝑦 = 975𝑁

Shear and Bending Moment Diagram

Part 4 : Deformation Analysis

Calculation for deformation :

𝑁𝐿
δ = 𝐴𝐸

(1500𝑁)(1𝑚)
δ = 9
(0.1𝑚)(11×10 𝑝𝑎)

−6
δ = 1. 3634 × 10 𝑚

Part 5: Buckling analysis

Calculation for buckling columns:

2
π 𝐸𝐼
𝑃𝑐𝑟 = 2
(𝐾𝐿)

2 9 −3
π (11×10 𝑝𝑎)(8.33×10 )
𝑃𝑐𝑟 = 2
((1.0)(1𝑚))

8
= 9.0435× 10 kN
9.0 DISCUSSION

The bedroom storage rack can be used as storage to put books and many things, so it needs
strong wood. We had discussed and agreed to use fiber board as our material of design. It is because
this material is very cheap, strong, lightweight and waterproof. This can make this product usable in the
long term. We calculated the maximum moment and shear stress that occur. Thus, we assumed the load
is 1500N. By finding the forces acting on each part, we calculated normal stress acts. From the shear
diagram we get the maximum shear stress is 975N while for the maximum moment is 316.88 Nm.

We calculated the deformation because we wanted to find the displacements of the absolute
change in position of a point A on the bedroom storage rack. The dimension of the bedroom storage
rack for the length is 0.1m and the height is 1.0m . Still, we assumed there is 1500N load there.
Afterwards, we calculated the force acted on each part and found the area of the bedroom storage rack
9
which is 0.1 m. By using the formula of the shear stress at point A is 11× 10 Pa. Later, we calculated
the deformation since the modulus elasticity of the material wood is E = 11000 MPa. The deformation
−6
of the bedroom storage rack is 1.3634× 10 m.

From all these calculations we can find out that the bedroom storage rack is very durable and
will not break easily under normal load. Therefore, from the formula W = mg, according to the analysis
above, it shows that the maximum weight of books that can be supported by this storage rack is
approximately 153 kg.
10.0 CONCLUSION

In conclusion, we choose the best design out of 4 designs that we made individually because it
is the most complex design. In this assignment, the analysis was done according to the guideline.
Fundamental theories and principles learned in class were applied. From making assumptions at parts
chosen, such as external loads and design of the bedroom storage rack.

Moreover, determining the internal forces such as moment and normal forces acting on the body
by calculating based on the state of the equilibrium. Thus, critical stress and deformation can be
determined. Determining internal forces such as moment, shear and normal forces acting on the body
by calculating based on the state of the equilibrium. Thus, critical stress and deformation can be
determined.

Finally, we were able to analyze a given problem in a logical manner and apply to its solution a
few fundamental and well-understood principles based on principles that we studied. The analysis of a
bedroom storage rack can be considered logical because all the parts have been analyzed. At the end of
our assignment, we manage to achieve our objective which is to ensure we can relate the fundamental
principles and theories that have been learned in class with real life occurrences and to analyze parts of
the final bedroom storage rack design by using static equilibrium analysis.

11.0 REFERENCES

Fibreboard - the Benefits and Disadvantages | Blog. (2013, May 3). Floorsave.

Retrieved January 8, 2023,

from https://www.floorsave.co.uk/blog/fibreboard/

15 Best Bedroom Shelving Ideas for Storage in Bedroom | Foyr. (n.d.). Foyr Neo.

Retrieved January 8, 2023,

from https://foyr.com/learn/best-bedroom-shelving-ideas/