Computer 8 1st and 2nd

8
COMPUTER
Learning and Working

with Adobe Photoshop CS6
and Adobe Indesign CS6
MODULE I
COMPILED BY
VINCE ROMYSON A. VENTURA
Learning and Working
with Adobe Photoshop CS6
and Adobe Indesign CS6 MODULE I
INTRODUCTION
Graphic Design is the art or skill of giving visual form to ideas and concepts by
using text and/or images. It enhances how a person communicates his/her objectives
to other people in an effective and attractive manner.
Graphic designs can be foud all around us, be it in logos, advertisements,

packaging, websites, social media, and many more. It is nearly impossible to go
through a day without being exposed to some form of it. Even if we do not notice it,
graphic design plays a big role in the reason why we bought the things that we have
now.
With the use of technology, designing has become precise, simple and fast.
Even persons without artistic skills will be able to design with better result through
the help of the many available tools, built-in effects and layout styles using design
tools.
This module is designed for a beginning graphics and layout course. The module
assume students have no previous grphics software-editing knowledge. However,
students should be familiar with basic Windows skills, file management, and layout
concepts. The module's primary focus is on teaching how to use the features and tools
of the software introduced, with a secondary focus on teaching how to apply what
they learned to daily needs concerning graphic editing and layout. In other words,
the purpose of this module is teach students how to edit, create and design different
graphuc media outputs.
The software discussed in this module are both professionally used applications
in the field of graphic design, such as photo editing and manipulation and the creation
of branding and campaign materials.
This module uses the Adobe Photoshop CS6, where CS stands for Creative Suite,
a software suite of graphic design, video editing, and web development applications
developed by Adobe Systems.
In this module, the Microsoft Windows environment is used as it is one of the

most commonly used operating system, so all the visual graphics, screenshots, and
keyboard shortcuts are based on it.
With this module, you will finish the lessons with a solid understanding of each
application program.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
MODULE I: ADOBE PHOTOSHOP
LESSON 1: Photoshop's Workplace
1.1 What is Adobe Photoshop? 2
1.2 Starting Work in Adobe Photoshop 2
1.3 Adobe Photoshop Interface 2
1.4 Opening Files 3
1.5 Popular and Useful File Formats 6
LESSON 2: Editing with Selection Tools

2.1 Marquee Tool 12
2.2 Lasso Tool 13
2.3 Polygonal Lasso Tool 14
2.4 Magnetic Lasoo Tool 14
2.5 Magic Wand 15
2.6 Quick Selection 15
2.7 Feather 16
2.8 Basic Modifications to a Selection 16
2.9 Transform Selections 17
LESSON 3: Basic Photo Corrections

3.1 Resolution 22
3.2 Pixel 22
3.3 Measuring Resolution 23
3.4 Resizing Images 23
3.5 Using Stamp Tool 23
3.6 Using Healing Tool 24
3.7 Using Spot Healing Brush 24
LESSON 4: Working with Layers

4.1 Introducing Layers 29
4.2 Adding New Layers 29
4.3 Renaming Layers 30
4.4 Adding Another Document as a New Layer 30
4.5 Applying a Layer Style 30
4.6 Applying Blending Modes 31
4.7 Using Adjustment Layer 32
4.8 Linking Layers 32
4.9 Merging and Flattening Layers 33
LESSON 5: Layer Mask
5.1 Mask 35
5.2 The Five Types of Masks in Photoshop 35
5.3 Getting Started with Layer Mask 36
5.4 Selection Tools 37
5.5 Refine Edges 37
5.6 Creating Mask 37
LESSON 6: Adding Text in Photoshop

6.1 Inserting Type 39
6.2 Font and Typeface 40
6.3 Adding Text 41
6.4 Editing Vector Text Layers 41
LESSON 7: Painting in Photoshop

7.1 Brush Tool 46
7.2 Blending Modes 48
7.3 Painting with Non-brush Painting Tools 51
7.4 Applying Gradients 52
7.5 Changing the Gradient Colors 57
LESSON 8: Drawing with Shapes and Paths

8.1 Shape Tools 63
8.2 Shape Layers 64
8.3 Paths 64
8.4 Fill Pixels 64
8.5 Line Tool 64
8.6 Custom Shape Tool 65
8.7 Pen Tool 66
WRAP IT UP! 73
BIBLIOGRAPHY 74
Adobe Photoshop is a computer
ADOBE
program that allows users to create
and edit digital images interactively
on the computer screen and save
them in one of the many image
PHOTOSHOP formats. It was developed and

published by Adobe Systems for
Mac OS and Windows in 1988.
CS6 Adobe Photoahop has become the

standard on graphic design software
and is used by many professionals.
It has provided many great digital
artworks around the world, and
has become so successful and its
name became part of the English
language - photoshop, meaning to
alter a digital image using an image-
editing software.
1 THE PHOTOSHOP'S WORKPLACE
At the end of this lesson, you should be able to:
LESSON • open image files in Adobe Photoshop;
• select and use tools in the Tools panel;
• use various methods to zoom in and out on an image;
• save and close an image in Photoshop
WARM IT UP!
Direction: Arrange the jumbled letters to find out the new word.
1. W R K O P S C A E - _____________________________
2. P N A E L - ________________________________
3. T B R O A O L - ___________________________
4. P T H O O - _____________________________
5. G P R A C I S - _________________________
GEAR UP!
1.1 WHAT IS ADOBE PHOTOSHOP CS6?
Image editing software was developed and manufactured by Adobe
Systems Inc. Photoshop CS6 is a tool to create, modify, combine and
optimize digital photos and images in your computer. The software was
particularly popular amongst professional photographers.
It has been the world's most popular app for optimizing and editing
images for more than twenty years. The introduction of Adobe Photoshop
CS6 further cements the program's dominant position in the market.
1.2 STARTING WORK IN ADOBE PHOTOSHOP

The work area of Adobe Photoshop consists of bars and panels that
enables access to a variety of tools and options for editing and adding
elements to an image document.
1.3 PHOTOSHOP INTERFACE

Photoshop is designed primarily for profession al use, which is why
we need to study its interface more carefully. Photoshop is a powerful tool
to modify the photo images from cameras or other sources. Understanding
how photos work will let you understand more of Photoshop and its tools
to make your work easier.
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Let us get familiar with the parts of the Photoshop Interface.
MENU BAR
OPTIONS BAR
TOOLS PANEL
PANELS
PHOTOSHOP WINDOW
NAME FUNCTION
Displays menus that contain most of the
MENU BAR
Photoshop commands
Displays the controls that are used to customize
OPTIONS BAR
the selected tool in the Toolbox
They are small windows that allow you to access
PANELS common comands. These panels can be moved
anywhere within the window.
Displays the different icons or tools that are
TOOLS PANEL
used to modify or edit the image
MENU BAR
The Menu Bar contains all the functions available in Photoshop. By clicking a menu
in the Menu Bar, a dropdown list of tools or commands will appear. You can access
the tools directly from the Menu Bar, from the Tools panel or you can customize your
workspace to make your tools readily available as you are working on your project.
OPTIONS BAR
The Options Bar gives additional configuration settings dependiong on the tool
selected. It also provides access to important configuration settings for a particular
tool that is selected.
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TOOLS PANEL
The Tools panel is the long, narrow panel on the far left side of the work
area. It contains selection tools, painting and editing tools, foreground
and background color selection boxes. The tools in the Tools panel are
the frequently used tools and they are automatically displayed when you
launch Photoshop
The Selection Tools are the first five icons from the top of the Tools
panel. These tools help you easily select the objects in your image.
SELECTION TOOLS
FUNCTION KEYBOARD
ICON NAME
SHORTCUTS
Move Tool Moves selections, layers, and guides To activate the
tool using the
keyboard, press
Marquee Tool Makes regular selections the following
keys:
Lasso Tool Makes free hand or snap to selections
V - Move Tool
Makes you quickly paint a selection M - Marquee Tool
Quick Selection Tool using a round brush tip L - Lasso Tool
W - Quick
Selection Tool
Crop Tool Crops the image
C - Crop Tool
Makes you slice the images free
Slice Tool handedly
The Retouching Tools are the next group of tools after the Selection
Tools. These tools can help you remove imperfections to improve your
images or add effects.
RETOUCHING TOOLS
FUNCTION KEYBOARD
ICON NAME
SHORTCUTS
Spot Healing Tool Remove blemishes from objects J - Spot Healing
Brush Tool
Paint Tool Paint brush strokes B - Brush Tool
S - Stamp Tool
Clones an area of the image that is Y - History Brush
Stamp Tool
selected to be stamped Tool
E - Eraser Tool
Paints a copy of the selected state into G - Gradient Tool
History Brush Tool O - Dodge Tool
the current image window
Erase Tools Erase pixels
Applies and color gradients to an object
Gradient Tool
or image
Blur Tool Blurs hard edges in images
Dodge Tool Lightens areas in image
The Drawing and Type Tools are the next group of tools following the
Retouching Tools. They allow you to create images from shapes and text
and can be inserted in the images you prefer.
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DRAWING AND TYPE TOOLS
NAME FUNCTION KEYBOARD
ICON SHORTCUTS
Pen Tool Draws smooth edge paths P - Pen Tool
T - Type Tool
Text Tool Creates Text A - Path Selection
Tool
Makes shape or segment selections U - Shapes Tool
Path Selection Tool showing anchor points, direction lines
and points
Shape Tool Draws shapes and lines
The Annotations, Measuring and Navigation Tools help you navigate

through the images and give you the capability to make notes in your image
for organization.
ANNOTATION, MEASURING AND NAVIGATION TOOLS

ICON SHORTCUTS
Make notes and annotations attached I - Eyedropper
Note Tool
in the image Tool
H - Hand Tool
Eye Dropper Tool Samples colors in an image Z - Zoom Tool
Hand Tool Moves your image within the window
Zoom Tool Zooms in or zooms out your image
OTHER TOOLS
ICON SHORTCUTS
Toggle between foreground Toggle between foreground and X - Toggle
and background background colors between
foreground
Set foreground colors Allows you to set foreground colors and
background
Edit in Quick Mask Mode Edits the image in quick mask modes
Allows you to toggle between Standard

Screen Mode Screen Mode, Full Screen Mode with
Menu Bar or Full Screen Mode
PANELS
The right side of the Application Frame is home to a number of
small windows called panels, which let you work with frequently used
features, such as colors, adjustments, layers, and so on. You are free
to organize the panels however you like and position them anywhere
you want. Panels can be free floating or docked (attached) to the top,
bottom, left, or right sides of your screen. You can link panels together
in groups, which you can then move around. Each panel also has its
very own menu called a panel menu, located on its top-right corner; its
icon looks like four little lines with downward-pointing triangle.
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1.3 OPENING FILES
Most of the time, you'll want to start by opening an existing photo
rather than creating a new blank image. Photoshop allows you to open
and edit existing image files, such as .jpg or .png, as well as .psd.
1.4 POPULAR AND USEFUL FILE FORMATS

Photoshop Document (PSD) is the default format that Photoshop uses
for saving data inside an image created from the options in Photoshop,
such as layers, mask, transparency, text, image adjustments, etc.
Tagged Image File Format (TIFF or TIF) is a computer file format that
serves as a container for storing raster graphics images, layers, clipping
path, and other data without losing quality because of compression.
Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG or JPG) is the widely

used format. It is a technique for compressing images to adjust the size
resulting in image quality loss.
Graphics Interchange Format (GIF) is a file format for compressing

images that can include layers and create animation using a series of
separated frames and image transparency. It is widely used in websites
because of the small size; the only disadvantage of it is that it has a
maximum color palette of 256 colors resulting in poor quality image.
Portable Network Graphics (PNG) is a raster graphics file format

that supports lossless data compression. PNG was created as an improved
replacement for GIF and is the most used loseless image compression
format on the Internet. You can save images in PNG formats with
transparency. However, PNG is limited to RGB (red, green, blue) format
and is not suitable for professional quality graphics CMYK (cyan, magenta,
yellow, key or black).
Portable Document Format (PDF) is a format used to present and

exchange documents reliably, independent of software, hardware, or
operating system. Invented by Adobe, PDF is known as open standard.
PDFs can contain links and buttons, form fields, audio, video, and business
logic. They can also be signed electronically and are easily viewd using
free Acrobat Reader software. Even Internet browser can view PDF files.
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BOOST YOUR ENGINE!
To open a file:
1. Select File>Open
2. A dialog box will appear. Locate and select the file on your computer,
then click Open.
3. Then the file will appear in Photoshop.

4. Click the double arrows just above the
Tools panel to toggle to a double-column
view. Click the double arrows again to return
to a single-column Tools panel, so you can
use your screen space more efficiently.
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5. Examine the status bar at the bottom of the work area, and notice the
percentage that appears on the far left. This represents the current
enlargement view of the image or, zoom level.
6. Move the pointer over the Tools, and hover it over the magnifying glass
icon until the a tool tip appears. The tool tip dispalays the tool's name (Zoom
Tool).
ZOOM LEVEL STATUS BAR
KEYBOARD
SHORTCUTS
Z - Zoom
7. Click the Zoom Tool icon in the Tools Panel, or press Z to select.
8. Move the pointer over the image window. The pointer now looks like a tiny
magnifying glass with the plus sign in the center of the glass.
9. Click anywhere in the image window.
The image enlarges to a preset percentage level, which replaces the

previous value in the status bar. If you click again, the zoom advances to the
next preset level up to 3200%.
10.Hold down Alt key so that the Zoom Tool pointer appears with a minus
sign in the center of the magnifying glass, and then click anywhere in the
image. Then, release the Alt key.
11. If the Scrubby Zoom is selected in the options bar, click anywhere on the
image and drag the Zoom Tool to the right. The image zooms in and enlarges.
Drag the Zoom Tool to the left to zoom out.
12. Deselect Scrubby Zoom in the options bar if selected. Then, using the
Zoom Tool drag a rectangle to enclose part of the image.
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The image enlarges so that the area you enclosed in your rectangle
now fills the entire image window.
13. Click Fit Screen in the options bar to see the entire image again.
There are four buittons in Zoom options that can help you navigate
your image:
• Actual Pixels - shows your image in 100% magnification.
• Fit Screen - zooms your image to fit the available work area, respecting
the panels and tool bar.
• Fill Screen - zooms your image to fill all the available work area
without respect to the position of any open panels.
• Print Size - shows the image at the size that it will be printed based on
the documents resolution setting.
The four options above are also available from the View menu.
SAVING A FILE
1. To save changes to the current file.
a. Choose File > Save.
b. The file remains in the current format.
2. To save a file with a different name, location, or format.

a. Choose File > Save As
b. Choose the format from the Format menu.
c. Specify file name and location.
d. In the Save Asdialog box, select saving options (when you save as
PSD).
e. When you save as JPEG, you will be directed to JPEG Options.
f. Then click Save.
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CLOSING FILES
If you have several images open in Photoshop, you can choose File >
Close All (instead of File > Close). When asked if you want to save changes,
you can by ticking the Apply to All box so that the choice you make will be
applied to all other files without further prompts.
REMEMBER
• Panels are mini applications with their own windows, controls and menus.
Photoshop panels to do most of our editing. Photoshop has many panels,
each of which provides its own set of functionality. The functionality of
some panels are limited, while other panels are almost applications in
their own right.
• The Tool box provides easy access to all the tools that you use to interact
directly with pixels in the document window. To enable or disable the
Tool box, choose Window Tools from the Photoshop menu bar. You can
expand most of the tools in the Tool box by pressing and holding the
mouse button over them to reveal some several tools. From the expanded
tool menus, you can select other tools. The icon of the currently selected
tool is displayed in the Tool box and the cursor changes to reflect the
current tool as well.
MOVE FURTHER!
ACTIVITY 1
Identify the parts of the Photoshop window. Write your answers on the
space provided.
1
1. __________________________
2. __________________________
3. __________________________
4. __________________________
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ACTIVITY 2
Identify the following tools and write their functions.
ICON NAME FUNCTION
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
ACTIVITY 3
Identify what is being asked. Write your answer on the space provided.
____________1. It is a computer file format that serves as a contgainer for storing
raster graphics images, layers, clipping path, and other data without
losing quality because of compression.
____________2. It displays the controls that are used to customize the selected tool in
the Tool box.
____________3. It shows the image at the size it will printed based on the documents
resolution setting.
____________4. Zooms your image to fit the available work area, respecting the panels
and tool bar.
____________5. This is a file format used to present and exchange documents reliably,
independent of software, hardware, or operating system.
____________6. It is used for moving the image around while zoomed in.
____________7. It is a widely used format and technique for compressing images to
adjust the size resulting in image quality loss.
____________8. lt displays menus that contain most of the Photoshop element.
____________9. These tools are the first five icons from the top of the Tools panel. These
tools help you easilyselect the objects in your image.
___________10. These tools can help you remove imperfections to improve your images
or add fonts.
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2 EDITING WITH SELECTION TOOLS
LESSON • identify the selection tools;
• make specific areas of an image active using selection tools;
• move and duplicate the contents of a selection;
• use keyboard-mouse combinations that save time and hand
motions;
• deselect a selection;
• determine the steps in adjusting the position of a seleccted
area using the arrow keys
• add to and subtract from a selection
• transform a selection; and
• use multiple selection tools to make a complex selection.
WARM IT UP!
Direction: Identify the following tools.
______1. ______6.
______2. ______7.
______3. ______8.
______4. ______9.
______5 ______10.
GEAR UP!
2.1 MARQUEE
The marquee tools allow us to make selections by drawing basic
shapes like square and circle.
To select using the marquee tools:
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• Rectangular Marquee: makes a rectangular selection (or a square,
when used with the Shift key).
• Elliptical Marquee: makes an elliptical selection (or a circle, when
used with the Shift key).
• Single Row or Single Column Marquee: defines the border as a
1-pixel wide row or columns.
Specify one of the selection options in the options bar.

SUBTRACT FROM
NEW INTERSECT WITH
ADD TO
Specify a feathering setting in the options bar. Turn anti-aliasing

on or off for the Elliptical Marquee Tool. See soften the edges of selections.
For the Rectangular Marquee Tool or the Elliptical Marquee Tool,

choose a style in the options bar.
• Normal: determines marquee proportions by dragging.

• Fixed Ratio: sets a height-to-width ratio. Enter values (decimal
values are valid) for the aspect ratio.
• Fixed Size: specifies set values for the marquee's height and
width. Enter pixel values in whole number.
With the Rectangular Marquee Tool or the Elliptical Marquee Tool,

drag over the area that you want to select.
When drawing a selection using the marquee tools, you can use
keys on the keyboard to modify the selection.
• Shift Key - restrains the Rectangular and Elliptical Marquee

tools to a perfect square and circle, respectively.
• Alt Key - draws a selection from the center instead of the edge.
• Space Bar - allows you move the selection during the drawing
process.
2.2 LASSO TOOL

Lasso is a freehand-selection tool. Click and hold your left mouse
button on the left on the image and draw your selection around the
object or area that you want to select - similar to how you would outline
something on a piece of paper with a pen or pencil.
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How to make a selection using the Lasso Tool:
1. Select the Lasso Tool, then set feathering and anti-aliasing in the
options bar.
2. To add to, subtract from, or intersectr with an existing selection, click
the coressponding button in the options bar.
3. Drag to draw a freehand selection border. To switch between freehand
and straight-edged segments, press Alt, and click where segments
should begin and end.
4. To close the selection border, release the mouse without holding down
Alt or Option.
2.3 POLYGONAL LASSO TOOL

Similar to the Lasso Tool, it draws straight lines between click
points. It is handy for selecting angular objects.
2.4 MAGNETIC LASSO TOOL

The Magnetic Lasso Tool makes a selection around the object by
actively detecting the edges of an object, looking for difference in color and
brightness between the objects you are trying to select and its background
as you are moving around it, then snaps the selection outline to the edge
like magnet.
How to make a selection using the Magnetic Lasso Tool:

1. Specify one of the selection options in the options bar.
2. Set any of these options.

• Width - To specify a detection width, enter a pixel value for Width.
The Magnetic Lasso Tool detects edges only within specified distance
from the pointer.
• Contrast - To specify the lasso's sensitivity to edges in the image,
enter a value between 1% to 100% for Contrast.
• Frequency - To specify the rate at which the lasso setsfastening
points, enter a value between 0 to 100 for Frequency.
• Stylus Pressure - If you are working with a stylus tablet, select or
deselect the Stylus Pressure option.
3. Click the image to set the first bfastening point. Fastening points anchor
the selection border in place.
4. Release the mouse button or keep it pressed, and then move the pointer
along the edge that you want to trace.
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5. The most recent segment of the selection border remains active. As you
move the pointe, the active segment snaps to the strongest edge in the
image based on the detection width set in the options bar. Periodically,
the Magnetic Lasso Tool adds fastening points to the selesction border
to anchor previoujs segments.
6. If the border doesn't snap to the desired edge, click once to add a
fastening point manually. Continue to trace the edge and add fastening
points as needed.
7. To switch temporarily to the other lasso tools, do one of the following:
a. To activate the Lasso Tool, hold down Alt and drag while pressing the
mouse button.
b. To activate the Polygonal Lasso Tool, hold down Alt and click.
c. To erase recently drawn segments and fastening points, press the Del
key until you have erased the fastening points for the desired segment.
8. Close the selection border:
a. To close the border with a magnetic segment, double-click or press
Enter or Return. (To close it manually, drag over the starting point
and click.).
b. To close the border with a straight segment, hold down Alt and
double-click.
2.5 MAGIC WAND

The Magic Wand Tool lets you select areas of color by clicking
rather than dragging. This tool is great for selecting solid colored objects.
2.6 QUICK SELECTION

The Quick Selection Tool is almost
the same as the Magic Wand Tool
because it also selects pixels based
on tone and color. But the Quick
Selection Tool, unlike the Magic Wand Tool, has the ability to distinguish
textures in an image, which make it better at detecting the edges of the
objects. Unlike the Magic Wand Tool where we click on an area, the Quick
Selection Tool works more like a brush, allowing us to select areas simply
by dragging on the objects as if painting over it.
You can use the Quick Selection Tool to quickly brush over a
selection using an adjustable round brush tip. As you drag, the selection
expands outward and automatically finds and follows defined edges in the
image.
1. To use the Quick Selection Tool, make sure that it is visible. If not, hold down the
Magic Wand Tool then selecct Quick Selection Tool.
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2. New is the default option if nothing is selected. After making the initial selection,
the option changes automatically to Add to.
3. To change the brush tip size, click the Brush pop-out menu in the options bar and
type in a pixel size or drag the slider. Use the Size pop-up menu options to make
the brush tip size sensitive to pen pen pressure or a stylus wheel.
Note: When creating a selection, press the right bracket (]) to increase the Quick
Selection Tool brush tip size; press the left bracket ({) to decrease the brush tip size.
4. Choose Quick Selction options.

• Sample All Layers - creates a selection based on all layers instead just the
currently selected layer.
• Auto-Enhance - reduces roughness in the selection boundary. Auto-Enhance
automatically flows the selection farther toward image edges and applies some
of the edge refinement you can apply manually in the Refine Edge dialog with
the Contrast and Radius options.
5. Brush inside the part of the image that you want to select.
6. The selection grows as you brush. If updating is slow, continue to drag to allow
time to complete work on the selection. As you paint near the edges of a shape, the
selection area extends to follow the contours of the shape edge.
7. To subtract from a selection, click the Subtract From option in the options bar, then
drag over the existing selection.
8. To temporarily switch between Add and Subtract Modes, hold down the Alt key.
2.7 FEATHER
Feathering is Photoshop's term for creating soft edges. Creating
a soft edge around a selection is a nice way to blend images, highlight an
object within an image, or adjust harsh edges for web graphics.
Feathering is Photoshop's term for creating soft edges. Creating KEYBOARD

a soft edge around a selection is a nice way to blend images, highlight an SHORTCUTS
object within an image, or adjust harsh edges for web graphics. CTRL+A
- Select All
CTRL+D
2.8 BASIC MODIFICATIONS TO A SELECTION - Deselect

CTRL+SHIFT+D
- Reselect
• Add to selection (hold down Shift while using the following tools: Magic CTRL+I
Wand Tool, Lasso Tools, and Marquee Tools). - Invert
• Subtract from selection (hold down Alt while using the following tools:
Magic Wand Tool, Lasso Tools, and Marquee Tools).
• Move selection (hold down the space bar while still drawing the
selection with marquee tools to move it around)
• Perfect circle or square (hold down Shift with Elliptical or Rectangular
Marquee Tools while creating it).
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• Draw selection from the center (hold down Alt/Option with Elliptical
or Rectangular Marquee Tools while dragging it).
2.9 TRANSFORM SELECTIONS

This feature is essentially the Free Transform Tool, which will only
transform your selection but not the content of the selected layer(s). This
can be achieved by holding down Ctrl while dragging one of the control
points of the transform bounding box.
BOOST YOUR ENGINE!

To open a file:
1. Select File > Open > Landscape.jpg
2. Select the tree using the rectangle marquee tool.

3. Rotate the selection outline. Go to Select > Transform Selection and
rotate to your desired angle. Then press Enter.
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2. Select the tree using the rectangle marquee tool.
3. Rotate the selection outline. Go to Select > Transform Selection and
rotate to your desired angle. Then press Enter.
4. Press CTRL+J in the keyboard to copy the selected area to its own
layer.
5. Click Layer Style at the bottom of the

layers panel.
6. Choose Stroke.
7. Follow the settings.
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8. Click Layer Style again at the bottom of the layers panel.
9. Choose Drop Shadow.
10. Follow the settings.
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11. Click the Background layer. Desaturate it by pressing Shift+CTRL+U in
the keyboard.
12. Save it with the file name Landscape_YourName.
REMEMBER
When to Use Each Tools
Selection tools isolate one or more parts of your image. By selecting
specific areas, you can edit or apply effects and filters to parts of your image
while having the unselected areas untouched.
The easiest way to select pixels in your image is to use the Quick
Selection Tool. You can also select areas of a certain shape with the marquee
tools or use the lasso tools to make a selection by tracing an element in your
image. For angular image with straight lines, you can use the Polygonal
Lasso Tool. It is also possible to make selections based on a range of colors in
an image. There are keyboard keys that can modify your selection process.
The tools for making selections are all efficient due to the flexibility of
their usage.
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MOVE FURTHER!
ACTIVITY 1
Among the selection tools, which one do you prefer to use? Why?
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
ACTIVITY 2
Match the following statements to its name. Write the letter on the space provided.
____1. It is the best tool to select a square. a. Elliptical
____2. It is the best tool to select a circle. Marquee
____3. It is the best tool to use when selecting an image or part of an b. Crop
image, which the colors are the same c. Marquee
____4. This tool allows you to make selections by drawing basic shapes d. Rectangle
like square and circle. Marquee
____5. This tool will help you get a closer look at an image or a part e. Magic Wand
of an image. Tool
ACTIVITY 3
Hands-On
1. Open a picture in Photoshop.
2. Select an object in the picture and apply the feathering effect.
3. Save your work with the file name Feathering_Your Name.
21
3 BASIC PHOTO CORRECTIONS
LESSON • discuss what is resolution and dimensions;
• identify the retouching tools;
• discuss the use of retouching tools in an image;
• use the Healing Brush and Spot Healing Brush Tool to repair
the part of an image; and
• use the Clone Stamp Tool to touch up areas.
WARM IT UP!
Identify the following. Choose your answer on the box.
Resolution Pixel Healing Tool
Stamp Tool Spot Healing Brush Tool
_________1. This tool takes the sample of the image and applies it over the
other image or a part of the same image.
_________2. It is a single point in a graphic element. These are small dots
that form the image.
_________3. It refers to the number of snall squares known as pixels that
describe an image and establish its detail.
_________4. It lets you correct imperfections in your photographic image in a
similar way to the clone stamp tool.
_________5. It removes blemishes and objects.
GEAR UP!
3.1 RESOLUTION
The term resolution refers to the number of small squares known
as pixels that describes an image and establish its detail. Hence, resolution
is determined by pixel dimensions, or the number of pixels along the width
and height of the image
3.2 PIXELS
Pixel, which means picture
element, is a single point in a graphic
element. Pixels are small dots that form
the image.
22
3.3 MEASURING RESOLUTION
Resolution can be mesured in two ways, pixel per inch (PPI) and
dots per inch (DPI).
PPI and DPI describe the resolution of an image but they are not the
same, PPI is the number of square pixels per inch in a digital monitor while
DPI is the physical number of dots per inch of ink in a printed document. This
is used as a unit of measurement in printers and scanners.
In digital screen, the size you will be looking for is the image width and
height in pixels. Regardless if your PPI is 72 or 300, it will not affect the size
of the image in your screen. Remember that PPI only affects the quality of
an image when it is printed, because it tells the printer how many pixels are
going to be used per inch on paper.
Generally,an image with a higher resolution produces a better printed
image quality. Unless you are resampling an image, the amount of pixels
remains the same as you change either the print dimensions or resolution.
For example, if you change the resolution of an image, its width and height
changes accordingly to maintain the same amount of pixels. If you are keeping
the number of pixels in the image the same and simply changing the size at
which the image will print, or just changing the document size of the image,
it is called resizing. If, on the other hand, you are physically changing the
number of pixels in the image, it is called resampling.
3.4 RESIZING IMAGES

To resize images in Photoshop CS6, use the Image Size dialog box by
going up to the Image menu in the menu bar along the top of the screen and
choosing Image Size. We can also access the Image Size dialog box directly
from the keyboard by pressing Ctrl+Alt+I.
3.5 USING STAMP TOOL

Clone Stamp Tool is just below the patch and healing brush tool.
This tool is similar to healing brush tool. With the help of this tool, we
can create a similar duplicate copy. This tool takes the sample of the
image and applies it over the other image or part of the same image.
This tool plays an important role in photo editing.
23
3.6 USING HEALING TOOL
The healing brush lets you correct imperfections in your
photographic image in a similar way to the clone stamp tool. Like the
clone stamp tool, you paint with sampled pixels from your image which
you can set with the Alt button. However, the healing brush also does an
excellent job of matching together all of the relevant shades and textures
to keep your fixes as seamless as possible; however it still requires you to
be responsive with your Alt key selections.
1. Your Healing Brush

To make your healing easier and more accurate, zoom the area you
are working on to 200%.
2. Healing Brush Settings
You can always change the size of the size of the brush with the
use of the square brackets ([ ]). Alter the hardness of the brush so it
will have a softer edge. Start with 75% and take the brush on a test
run. If you aren't happy with the effect, you can always change the
hardness settings later.
3. Healing Brush Size
At the bottom of the drop-down menu, you can fix the sizee of your
brush by setting it to off. Alternatively, if you have a graphics
tablet, you can adjust the size of your brush with the Pen Pressure
or a Stylus Wheel.
4. Blending Modes
You can use the Healing Brush with various Blending Modes. This
can be particularly helpful if you want to keep you healed areas
subtle.
5. Applying your Heal
Zoom to the area you want to heal and press the Alt button on your
keyboard. The cursor will change to a smaller targeted circle. Click
with your mouse or pen to select an area near the spot you want to
heal. This will define your source area. Then let go and dab again
with your Healing Brush. Notice how the brush automatically
blends into the surrounding area.
6. Keep Sourcing
If you find your Healing Brush hasn't blended exactly how you'd
want it to be, then simply redefine your source area and dab it
again. You will find the process much faster if you keep one finger
on the Alt Key at all times so you can alternate between sourcing
and blending.
3.7 USING SPOT HEALING TOOL

• Spot Healing Settings
The Spot Healing Brush is great for small troublesome areas that only need a bit
of attention. It's good idea to follow up your Healing Brush application with the
Spot Healing Brush to tidy up any smaller areas. Select the Spot Healing Brush
and make sure your Mode is set to Normal.
24
• Painting Over
Simply paint over the area you want to fix. You will notice that the area turns
dark grey but as soon as you lift your mouse or pen, this area will automatically
blend into the background.
BOOST YOUR ENGINE!

• Open File > Pimples.
• Add a blank layer.
• Select the Spot Healing Brush Tool from the tool bar.
• Select the "Sample All Layers" Option. With the Spot Healing Brush
selected, turn on the Sample All Layers option in the Options Bar. This
lets the Spot Healing Brush sample texture not just from the currently-
selected layer (the "Spot Healing" layer, which is blank), but also from the
image below
• Select "Content-Aware". Still in the Options Bar, make sure Type is set to
Content-Aware. This allows Photoshop to make more intelligent decisions
when choosing good replacement texture
25
• Click on the skin blemishes to heal them.
Click on pimples and other minor skin
blemishes with the Spot Healing Brush
to quickly heal them. For best results,
keep your brush slightly larger than the
blemish.
• To clear up larger areas, start by

clearing the small, isolated pimples to
heal them
• Then, rather than trying to fix a large

area all at once with a super wide
brush and a single click, approach it
in smaller sections, beginning from
the outside and making your way
inward. Along with clicking, you can
also click and drag the Spot Healing
Brush in short strokes. As you drag,
your brush stroke will appear black.
• When retouching skin with the Spot Healing Brush, you’ll often get better
results by changing the blend mode of the brush from Normal (the default
setting) to Lighten. With the blend mode set to Lighten, Photoshop will
only replace pixels that are darker than the good texture. Since pimples
and other skin blemishes are usually darker than normal skin tone, only
the pimple or blemish itself gets replaced, leaving more of the original
skin texture surrounding it intact. If a blemish is lighter than the normal
skin tone, try the Darken mode instead.
26
REMEMBER
Making the Spot Healing Brush even faster with keyboard shortcuts
The Spot Healing works fast, but learning a few simple keyboard
shortcuts will speed things up even more. To zoom in on the image, press
and hold CTRL+Spacebar to temporarily access the Zoom Tool then click on
the spot where you need to zoom in. To zoom out, hold down Alt+Spacebar
and click. To pan around inside the image while you're zoomed in, hold down
the spacebar by itself to temporarily switch to Photoshop's Hand Tool, then
click and drag to move the image around.
For best results with the Spot Healing Brush, you may want your
brush to be slightly larger than the area you are trying to fix. This means you
will have to change your brush size quite often as you make your way from
one problem spot to the next. The fastest way to change your brush size is
with the left and right bracket keys on your keyboard. Press the left bracket
key ([) repeatedly to make the brush smaller or the right bracket key (]) to
make it larger. Also, sine the Spot Healing Brush chooses the replacement
texture on its own, sometimes it makes a mistake. When it does, simply undo
your last step by pressing CTRL+Z on your keyboard and try again.
MOVE FURTHER!
ACTIVITY 1
1. What does resolution mean?
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
2. Enumerate the tools you can use to remove blemishes in an image.
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
27
ACTIVITY 2
Identify the following:
__________ 1. It is the number of square pixels per inch in a digital monitor.
__________ 2. Press this key repeatedly to to make the brush smaller.
__________ 3. Hold this key to pan around inside the image while you're
zoomed in.
__________ 4. This is used as measurement in printers and scanners,
__________ 5. Other term for pixel.
ACTIVITY 3
Hands-On
1. Open picture in Photoshop.
2. Use the Healing Brush, Spot Healing Brush Tool to remove the
imperfections in the image.
3. Save your work with the file name Retouch_Your Name.
28
4 LAYERS
LESSON • determine the function of layer, opacity and adjustment layer;
• identify the process of creating, viewing, merging, and linking
layers;
• apply blending modes to layers;
• apply a gradient to a layer; and
• add text and layer effects to a layer.
WARM IT UP!
Write T if the statements is true and F if false.
_____ 1. Layers cannot be linked together.
_____ 2. Opacity is the one that lessens the transparency.
_____ 3. When adding another document as a new layer, you can use the
place command.
_____ 4. Text is not a type of layer.
_____ 5. You can rename layers.
GEAR UP!
4.1 INTRODUCING LAYERS

One of Photoshop's most powerful features is the use of layers. Each layer in
a Photoshop document is a separate image which can be edited apart from any other
layer. A layer can be envisioned as an image on a sheet of clear material.
Layers provide you with an easy way to make changes to a project, because
each element of your project is self-contained and very editable. This means that
as long as you keep layers in your document, your text can always be moved and
changed, your adjustments can be reverted back, duplicated, or moved, and if you use
the Layers panel correctly, even changes, such as cloning and healing, are easy to edit
and change.
4.2 ADDING NEW LAYERS

Layers can be created in many different ways; adding additional
images to your document, turning selections into layers, and adding text
or shapes to your document are only a few of these ways. As you add each
new layer, it is placed above your currently selected layer. You can, of
course, move it from there.
29
4.3 RENAMING LAYERS
Photoshop automatically assigns layer name but you can still
change or label your own layer.
1. Click the Panel list arrow and click Layer Properties.
2. Type the new name of the layer and click OK.
3. An easier way is to double click the layer name and type your
new name.
4.4 ADDING ANOTHER DOCUMENT AS LAYER

If you are combining two or more documents into one image,
either by merging them or by creating a photo collage, adding additional
documents as new layers to your original document is easy. You can do
this by:
Using the Place command. Choose File > Place to open the Place dialog
box with the original document open. Browse to locate the file that you
want to add as an additional layer, and open it. The file appears in your
original document as a new layer. You have the option of resizing or
rotating it before accepting the placement.
Copying and pasting. Copy and paste your documents into one another
as additional layers. Open the document with which you want to make
a second layer. Press CTRL+A to select all. Press CTRL+C to copy your
selection. Open the document into which you want to paste the selection.
Press CTRL+V to paste the previous document into the new one. This
method has a disadvantage from the previous two placement methods
because new layer is imported into your document at its original size. In
order to resize it, you need to choose Edit > Free Transform.
Moving Layers between Documents. Choose Window > Arrange >

Float in Window to float your selected document in a separate window.
Click the image layer of the document that you want to move, and drag
it to the original document. This option provides the most benefits if you
want move more than one layer, because all the selected layers can be
moved at the same time. These layers are placed at their original size.
4.5 APPLYING LAYER STYLE

Layer styles are special effects that can be that can be quickly
and easily applied to individual layers in Photoshop to drastically
change the appearance of something in very little time. Layer styles are
nondestructive, so you can edit or remove then at any time. You can apply
a copy of a layer style to a different layer by dragging the effect onto the
destination layer, or right click on a layer that you wish to copy the style
into by right clicking on that layer and choosing Paste Style.
30
4.6 APPLYING BLENDING MODES
Working with Blend Modes is almost always an ecperimental
process. Because it is nearly impossible to predict the results, you always
seem to end up experimenting with different modes and fill opacities until
you get the results you are looking for.
The Opacity slider in the layers panel allows you to blend the
active layer with the layers below by making the active layer translucent,
which in turn allows the layers below to show through. Blend modes
allow the same process to take place, but by using different mathematical
calculations for each blend mode.
Blend Modes
• Normal. Edits or paints each panel to make it the result color.

• Dissolve. Edits or paints each pixel to make it the result color, but
only to a random replacement of the pixel with blend or base color.
• Darken. Looks at the color information in each channel and selects
the base or blend color - whichever is darker - as the result color.
• Multiply. Looks at the color information in each channel and multiplies
the base color by the blend color.
• Color Burn. Looks at the color information in each channel and
darkens the base color to reflect the blend color by increasing the
contrast between the two.
• Linear Burn. Looks at the color information in each channel and
darkens the base color to reflect the blend color by decreasing the
brightness.
• Lighten. Looks at the color information in each channel and selects
the base or blend color - whichever is lighter - as the result color.
• Screen. Looks at the color information in each channel and multiplies
the inverse of the blend and base colors.
• Color Dodge. Looks at the color information in each channel and
darkens the base color to reflect the blend color by decreasing the
contrast between the two.
• Linear Dodge. Looks at the color information in each channel and
darkens the base color to reflect the blend color by increasing the
brightness.
• Overlay. Multiplies or screens the color depending on the base color.
• Soft Light. Darkens or lightens the colors depending on the base
color.
• Hard Light. Multiplies or screens the colors depending on the blend
color.
• Vivid Light. burns or dodges the colors by increasing or decreasing
the contrast, depending on the blend color.
• Linear Light. burns or dodges the colors by increasing or decreasing
the rightness, depending on the blend color.
• Pin Light. replaces the colors, depending on the blend color.
31
• Hard Mix. adds the red, green and blue channel values of the blend
color to the RGB values of the base color.
• Difference. Looks at the color information of each channel and
subtracts either the blend color from the base color or the base color
from the blend color, depending on which has the greater brightness
value.
• Exclusion. Creates an effect similar but lower in contrast to the
difference mode.
• Divide. looks at the color information in each channel and divides the
blend color from the base color.
• Hue. Creates a result color with the luminance and saturation of the
base color and the hue of the blend color.
• Saturation. Creates a result color the luminance and hue of the base
color and saturation of the blend color.
• Color. Creates a result color the luminance of the base color and hue
and saturation of the blend color.
• Luminosity. Creates a result color with the hue and saturation of the
base color and the luminance of the blend color.
4.7 USING ADJUSTMENT LAYER

Adjustment layers give you the flexibility and power to make
powerful, dramatic improvements to your images WITHOUT altering
any pixrls. Not only that, but they are instantly disposable, temporary
or permanent and easily alterable. You can change the settings if you
don't like them immediately. An adjustment layer appears on top of other
layers in the layers panel and applies the layer of the adjustment itself to
the visible layers beneath it.
1. To create an adjustment layer, go to the adjustment panel > select the

type of effect desired.
2. Change the effect you want for your layers (all layers will be affected).
4.8 LINKING LAYERS

By linking two or more layers or layer
sets, you can move their contents together.
You can also copy, paste, align, merge, apply
transformations to and create clipping groups
from linked layers
1. Click on the first layer to select it.

2. Hold down the Ctrl key while clicking on the
next layer. Do this untill all layers you want
to link have been selected.
3. Click on the Link button at the bottom of the
Layers panel. Once clicked, all of the layers
you have selected will display a chain link
after the name in the layers panel.
4. To unlink layers, click the link icon to remove
them.
32
4.8 MERGING AND FLATTENING A LAYER
Merging and flatting a layer in Photoshop is most likely the same.
It is combining two or more layers together to make it as a single layer to
minimize the number of layers and avoid confusion. To do this, click the
small triangle on the right side of the Layers panel to access the layers
panel menu. Then choose "Merge visible".
Or you can go right click on a layer and choose merge visible on the pop-
up menu.
Or, go to the Layers menu > Merge Visible option
Or, press Ctrl+Shift+E to merge visible layers.
REMEMBER
When you are working with Photoshop, keep in mind that you need
to make your documents flexible by anticipating changes. With the help of
layers, you can minimize the trouble of repeating what you have already
done or reverting to an original state of the image by making copy and
nondestructive edits and modifications to the document that you are working
with.
MOVE FURTHER!
ACTIVITY 1
Write T if the statement is true and F if false.
_____ 1. Layers cannot be linked together.
_____ 2. Opacity is the one that increases transparency.
_____ 3. The blending option gives you adjustment to the layers.
_____ 4. Flattening layers makes your computer work harder.
_____ 5. You can drag a layer from another picture window.
ACTIVITY 2
Hands-On
1. Import two pictures. The first picture is to be used as the main object and
the second picture as the background.
2. Use the marquee tools to select the main object and remove its background.
3. Create a layer.
33
ACTIVITY 3
Hands-On
1. Open a picture on photoshop.

2. Divide the picture in four using the guidelines by pulling the ruler guides
from the ruler.
3. Create a new layer by clicking the add layer button from the layer panel.
4. Go to the tools panel and change the foreground color to red,
5. Click the Paint Bucket Tool and fill the layer 1 with red color.
6. Click the rectangular marquee tool and make a marquee on the first
segment of the image. Right click and on the pop-up menu click Layer Via
Cut and a new layer 2 will be added on the layers panel.
7. Continue this process on the second and third segment of the image until
four layers are created.
8. Click Layer 2 and on the Blending Mode select Normal.
9. Click Layer 3 and on the Blending Mode select Multiply.
10. Click Layer 4 and on the Blending Mode select Soft Light and click Layer
1 and on the Blending Mode select Subtract.
34
5 LAYER MASK
LESSON • create a mask to remove a subject from the background;
• refine a mask to include complex edges;
• create a quick mask to make changes to a selected area;
• edit a mask using the Properties panel; and
• isolate image to replace background.
WARM IT UP!
Complete the words by supplying the missing letters.
1. V _ C T _ R
2. M _ S K
3. R _ F _ N E
4. L _ Y _ R
5. _ S O _ A T E
GEAR UP!
5.1 MASK
In Photoshop, masks isolate and protect parts of an image, just as
masking tape protects window panes or trim form paint when a house
is painted. When you create a mask based on a selection, the area that
you haven't selected is masked, or protected from editing. With masks,
you can create and save time-consuming selections and then use them
again. In addition, you can use masks for other complex editing tasks -
for example, to apply color changes or filter effects to selected parts of an
image.
A layer mask hides an area in a layer to show the layer beneath it.
You can paint the layer mask black to hide the layer beneath it or paint
the layer white to make the layer beneath it visible.
5.2 THE FIVE TYPES OF MASK IN PHOTOSHOP

• Layer Mask
A layer mask is pixel-based mask that is attached to a specific
layer. It appears as a blank thumbnail linked next to the layer
thumbnail in the Layers panel until you add content to it; a black
outline indicates that it is selected. When a layer mask is thus
applied, it allows you to control how much of that layer will be
visible. If the layer mask does not define an area as being visible,
then it becomes transparent.
35
• Vector Mask
Along with or instead of a layer mask, each Adobe Photoshop
pixel-based layer can carry a vector mask that limits the visible parts
of the layer through a vector clipping path. Unlike traditional pixel-
based layer masks that can be soft, blurred, or partially transparent,
vector masks always define a fully opaque visible area bounded by a
hard edge.
• Quick Mask
Adobe Photoshop's quick mask appears in the Channels panel
rather than a layer-specific addition to a document. Capable of being
edited just like layer mask, a quick mask provides a temporary pixel-
based visualization of a selection, one that improves on the animated
dotted line called "marching ants" that appears in the document
window. The quick mask shows partially selected areas in complete
detail, whereas the marching ants only show the outlines of fully
selected areas. A Photoshop document can't contain more than one
quick mask, but you can save the selection it represents as an alpha
channel or turn it into a layer mask.
• Adjustment Layer Mask

This mask is almost identical to the layer mask. The main
difference is that in an adjustment layer mask, you can define which
areas in the image will be affected by an individual adjustment, such
as levels, curves, hue and saturation, and selective colors, and the
rest of Photoshop's nondestructive correction layers, These pixel-
based masks extends the functionality of adjustment layers, making
it possible to create a narrowly specific color correction that applies to
an equally narrowly defined portion of a layer.
• Clipping Mask
This allows a layer mask or vector mask to apply not only to the
base layer on which it is saved, but to any layer above the base in the
image's layer stack. Designate a mask as a clipping mask by holding
down the Alt key, and clicking on the dividing line between the base
layer and the one above it in the Layers panel.
5.3 GETTING STARTED WITH LAYER MASK

The most, famous application for layer mask is changing the
background of someone else photo; removing it by hiding using the layer
mask and polishing the selection using the refine edge tool.
You can achieve this by having two layers in one document. The
background that you want and above the photo where you want the
background to be removed,
36
5.4 SELECTION TOOLS
Start with the Quick Selection Tool and drag a selection around
the subject and select everything from top to bottom. The selection can be
visualization by seeing marching ants around the subject. This typically
makes it easier for the next step which involves refining the edge.
5.5 REFINE EDGES

The refine edge option which is part of the select and mask
improvement tools is best for improving the edges of a selection so that it
will distinguish the edges of the subject and the background.
Once you have your "marching ants" selection, you're ready to
refine this thing. Go to Select > Refine Edge > from the menu choices, or
since you still have the Quick Selection Tool selected, simply click on the
Refine Edge button in the Options bar. You need to have a selection tool
active for the Refine Edge button to appear in the Options bar.
Smart Radius: Photoshop looks more closely along the edge of the initial
selection and tries to tighten up the radius size wherever possible.
Refine Radius Tool/Eraser Refinements Tool: Manually refine the

radius using a couple of brushes that come with the Refine Edge command.
Smooth: reduces the ragged edges and smoothens them out, just like
rubbing sand paper over rough wood to create a smooth finish.
Feather: creates softer edges while blending the foreground image with
its background to produce a more realistic image.
Contrast: causes semi-transparent areas to be forced to a solid opaque or

to become transparent.
Shift Edge: causes the edge to grow or shrink (with exactly the sanme
result as Select > Grow or Select > Contract) This is good for when there is
a halo around the edge, as you can choke the mask to bypass those edge.
5.6 CREATING MASK

Once we creat the selection, we will create a mask that will show
only the selection and remove the white background. In the Menu Bar,
click on Layer > Layer Mask > Reveal Selection, or simply click the mask
icon at the bottom of the Layers Panel. From the Refine Edge, you can
choose New Layer with Layer Mask in the Output To dropdown and it will
yield the same result.
37
REMEMBER
Use Layer Masks to Erase in Photoshop
Before erasing something, think twice because the history feature in
Photoshop has limits. There are nondestructive ways of removing parts in an
image, like applying a layer mask. It is a good thing to remember that you
can always adjust te modifications that you made to an image.
Erasing is Destructive
Erasing is quick, but going back to the previous state when you made
a mistake is not. Erasing destroys the image permanently if your history
runs out, since you cannot retrieve previous changes that you made to an
image, and there is a chance that you will have to do it all over again.
Masks Just Hide the Content

A layer mask is a way to reveal or hide portions of one layer in order
to reveal or hide a separate layer below.
A Layer Mask is Nondestructive

Once you have erased a pixel, the pixel is gone. When you msk a pixel,
you will always have the original image intact.
A Layer Mask is Editable

When you are creating a layer mask and you accidentally erase part of
your image that you want to stay visible, you can easily fix it by switching to
white on the brush and going over the mistake.
MOVE FURTHER!
ACTIVITY
1. Why choose layer mask instead of Eraser Tool when changing
background images?
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________`
2. What is the use of the Refine Edge Tool?

_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________`
38
6 ADDING TEXT IN PHOTOSHOP
LESSON • discuss the process of adding text in an image;
• change the size, color, and font of text; and
• create paragraphs and align text.
WARM IT UP!
Identify the following Type Tools.
__________ 1. ___________ 3.
__________ 2. ___________ 4.
GEAR UP!
6.1 INSERTING TYPE
Inserting text is easy in Adobe
Photoshop. You can use the Tools panel
by pressing the Text Tool or pressing T
on your keyboard.
The Horizontal Type Tool will enable you to type text from left to
right. The Veritcal Type Tool will let you type text from top to bottom.
You change the size, color, font, directions and other properties of
the text before and after you type. You can change this in the options bar
These are the available options for the Type in the options bar:
1. Toggle Text Orientation. Allows you to choose between Horizontal
or Vertical.
2. Set the Font Family. Allows you to choose the font for your text.
3. Set the Font Style. Allows you to choose between Regular, Italic, and
Bold.
4. Set the Font Size. This Drop-down menu allows you to set the size of
the font used when displaying the text.
39
5. Set the Anti-Aliasing Mehotd. Alllows you to choose between None,
Sharp, Crisp, Strong and Smooth.
6. Alignment Options. Allows you to set the alignment of the text to
left, center, or right for the horizontal text, and top , center or bottom
for vertical text.
7. Set the Text Color. Brings up the Color Picker dialog box so that you
can select a color for the text,
8. Warp Text. Allows you to distort the text by choosing one of the options.
9. Character and Paragraph Panel. Opens up Character and paragraph
panel.
6.2 FONT AND TYPEFACE

There are two terms that you need to know when it comes to Type,
and these are the font and typeface.
A font consists of set of letters, numbers, and symbols that have
the same weight and style. A typeface is a collection or family of fonts
that have the same overall appearance but different weights or styles.
Thus, Helvetica is a typeface family, Helvetica Italic is a typeface, and
Helvetica Italic 10-point is a font.
The following is a list of the different font types that you can work
with in Photoshop.
• PostScript. PostScript or Type 1 fonts were designed long ago

by Adobe to be used with PostScript printers. These fonts have
mostly been replaced by OpenType fonts, but you may run into
them if you need to use an older font to match older material.
• TrueType. The TryeType format was jointly developed by Apple

and Microsoft in the late 80s, several years after the release of
the PostScript font format. Many of the fonts included in both
the Macintosh and Windows operating systems are TrueType.
• OpenType. OpenType, a product by Adobe and Microsft, is the latest

font format to be introduced. Like TrueType, OpenType fonts contain
both the screen and printer font data in a single component. However,
the OpenType format has several exclusive capabilities including
support for multiple platforms and expanded character sets. OpenType
fonts can be used on either Macintosh or Windows operating systems.
40
6.3 ADDING TEXT
Point Type
Point Type simply adds the text at the spot or point where we have
clicked in the document with the Type Tool. This is the most common
way of adding text to a document because in most cases, we're just adding
small amounts of text on a single line, which is what Point Type is best
suited for. There is no boundary so you have to press the Enter key to
make a second line.
1. On the Tools panel, click the Type Tool and select the Horizontal
type tool.
2. Click on the image and type your text.
Paragraph Type
This type is a box type that uses boundaries to control the flow of
the characters in the text. This is helpful when you want to create more
paragraphs. By doing this, you need to select the Type Tool and then drag
the tool to create a square border where you want to place your text.
1. On the Tools panel click the Type Tool and select the Horizontal
Type Tool.
2. Click on the image and drag the mouse to form a text box.
3. Type your text inside the text box.
6.4 EDITING VECTOR TEXT LAYERS

After you have added text, you can edit them anytime with the Type
Tool by clicking on the word or letters that you want to edit, highlight
them like what you would do in any text editor.
When you edit text, the font, size and color apply only to the text
selected while the alignment applies to the whole paragraph that you are
editing regardless of where you are in the text.
Each time that you press Enter in a pragraph type text box, a
new paragraph is started. This means that you can make different forat
changes for each paragraph in the same paragraph type bounding box.
41
BOOST YOUR ENGINE!
1. Open the image with the file name "Boy.jpg".

2. Let us create a solid overlay layer by going to Layer > New fill Layer
Color; name this as "overlay", and make the opacity 50%, then click
OK.
3. After that, type 000000 in the Color Picker Value, and click OK.
42
4. Now, select the Horizontal Type Tool. Using the Paragraph Type Tool,
drag around the image approximately on the center.
5. After that, you can now type the following: "Free the child's potential,
and you will transform him into world."
43
6. To adjust the text, you can either highlight them all by dragging or
pressing CTRL+A on your keyboard to select them all, then enter the
values below:
Font: Segoe UI
Font Type: Bold
Font Size: 30pt
Anti-Alias: Sharp
Text Align: Center
Color: ffffff
After entering the values, press CTRL+Enter on your keyboard to apply

the changes.
This quote is from Maria Montessori, a famous personality; let us

put her name at the bottom of the image.
7. Select the Type Tool again, then click on the bottom part of the image
below the quote and start typing; Maria Montessori.
You will notice that it inherits the previous settings we have from the
previous paragraph that we type.
8. Now, select all the text to edit the text properties with the following
settings:
Font: Brush Script Std; Font Size: 40pt; Color: #ffffff

9. Click Commit or press Ctrl+Enter on your keyboard to apply the
changes.
10. Now, to align the elements, go to

Layers panel and click the top Layer
which is the text layer with name
Maria Montessori, then while holding
Shift, click the background layer at
the bottom to select them all.
44
11. On the options bar, select Align Center Vertically to have them all align
at the center.
12. After that, save your work.
REMEMBER
Text adds value to the image by supplying information and enhancing
it, but not every image should have a text inside it.
Remember, Adobe Photoshop is not a text editor software; although it
has the advanced tools to add text and format text, if you re to create a book,
a multi-page brochure with a lot of information and text, then consider using
another software.
If you need just a handful of text to further enhance and give information
about the image, you can use the Text Tool to create banners, signages, name
plates, and other materials involving little amounts of text.
MOVE FURTHER!
ACTIVITY 1
What is the difference between Point Type and Paragraph Type?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
ACTIVITY 2
__________1. These fonts have mostly been replaced by OpenType fonts,
but you may run into them if you need to use an older font
to match older material.
__________2. This text is placed inside a bounding box when you choose
this type of adding text.
__________3. This tool will let you type text from top to bottom.
__________4. It brings up the Color Picker dialog box so you can select a
color for the text.
__________5. This consists of set of letters, numbers, and symbols that
have the same weight and style.
45
7 PAINTING IN PHOTOSHOP
LESSON • discuss the process of using the Brush Tool effectively;
• customize the paintbrush settings;
• paint with Brush and Non-brush Tools effectively;
• use the Paint Bucket Tool:
• use patterns; and
• use gradients.
WARM IT UP!
Word Hunt
Find the words and encircle it.
B R U S H T C
L U S J C G F
E L P A I N T
N B B G D Q N
D Y V U B Z G
R F F U T S S
E G E M O D E
GEAR UP!
7.1 BRUSH TOOL
The Brush Tool is a basic painting tool. It works like a traditional
drawing tool y applying the color using strokes. It is found in the standard
Tool Bar and its default shortcut is the letter B.
The Brush Tool works by adding a shaped mark on a layer, and if
you continue pressing the mouse button or the pen on a tablet, several
marks will be added creating a stroke until you release the pressure.
There are three typesof paintbrush style tools to paint in Photoshop; these
are the Editing, Painting, and Mixing Tools.
• Editing Tool paints by adjusting the pixels. This is the same as

the Spot Healing Brush that is discussed in the previous lesson.
• Painting Tool paints by adding color to the actual pixels of the image.
• Mixing Tool paints by mixing colors with the actual pixels of the
image.
46
Remember that by using any of these painting tools, you are
applying destructive changes to the image; meaning , you cannot adjust
afterward, and you can just undo changes based on the limits of your
history or repeat the same process again. That is why it is advisable to
create a copy of the layer you are going to paint on.
Applying Color with the Paintbrush Tools

The painting tools allow you to apply color to images using a variety
of brush and pencil strokes. Photoshop allows you to select specific brush
styles, sizes, and settings that control how pixels are painted in almost
unlimited ways.
The Brush Tool and the Pencil Tool paint the current foreground
color on an image. The Brush Tool creates soft strokes of color. The Pencil
Tool creates hard edged lines.
1. To use the Brush Tool, choose a foreground color.
2. Select the Brush Tool or Pencil Tool, then choose a brush from the
Brush Presets panel. Do one or more of the following:
a. Click and drag in the image to point,

b. To draw a straight line, click a starting point in the image then
hold down Shift and click an ending point.
47
3. When using the Brush Tool as an airbrush, hold down the mouse button
without dragging to build up color.
Opacity Flow
Brush Preset Blending Modes Table pressure
Preset Table pressure Airbrush
controls size
Brush Panel controls opacity
• Preset - A preset brush is a saved brush tip with defined characteristics,

such as size, shape, and hardness. You can save preset brushes with the
characteristics you use often. You can save tool presets for the Brush
Tool that you can select from the Tool Preset menu in the options bar.
• Brush Preset - The Brush Preset drop-down menu allows you to select the
style of brush to use. You can also set the size and hardness of the brush.
The size of the brush determines the area of pixels that are affected
by the brush stroke, while the hardness of the brush determines the
intensity of the stroke. When painting, harder brushes mean more color
is added; when editing, harder brushes mean that more effect is applied.
• Brush Panel - This button opens up the Brush Panel to give more
options and variations for the brush,
• Mode - This drop-down menu specifies the brush stroke's Blending

Mode applied to the pixels.`
7.2 BLENDING MODES

Blending Modes define the behavior and look of the brush effect,
and how it blends to the pixels beneath.
Choosing a Basic Blending Mode Option

In Photoshop, there are four basic Blending Modes that enable you
to edit or paint a graphic:
• Normal - is the default option for most of the Brush

Tools. No blending is applied; what appears on your image
depends on the settings you choose for the paintbrush.
• Dissolve - randomly replaces the pixels of the base color

with the blend color, creating a very pixelated effect,
and applies a diffusion dither pattern around the brush.
• Behind Blend Mode - allows you to apply paint only on transparent

pixels in a layer.
48
• Clear Blend Mode - turns the pixels you paint on transparent,
much like the Eraser Tool.
The Behind and Clear Blending Modes are not available if the
selected layer in the Layers panel is locked.
Darkening Blending Modes

The Blending Modes menu contains five blending effects that
apply more paint to the lighter pixels and less on darker areas, resulting
in a darker image.
• Darken - darkens the image below that you are painting on, the painting
effect is only applied to the undrlying pixels that are lighter than the
value of the brush pixel. This has the effectof the darkening the image.
• Multiply - multiplies the base value of each pixel by the paintbrush

pixel value. Multiplying a pixel by black always produces
black, and multiplying a pixel by white leaves the pixel value
unchanged. This mode has the overall effect of darkening the image
• Color Burn - is darker than Multiply, with more

highly saturated mid-tones and reduced highlights.
• Linear Burn - darkens the image by decreasing the

brightness based on the value of the paintbrush pixel.
• Darker Color - is applied by replacing each of the channels of

a pixel with whichever is darker, the base pixel channel or the
paintbrush pixel channel.
Lightening Blending Modes

The Lightening Blending Modes have the opposite effect of
the darkening Blending Modes. As you apply the painting effect, it
lightens darker areas of the image while lighter areas of the image are
significantly affected.
• Lighten - is applied by replacing the pixels with the lighter of the

base value or the paintbrush value.
• Color Dodge - applies the blend by decreasing the contrast between

the color of the paintbrush and base colors by brightening the base
color to reflect the paintbrush pixel values,
• Linear Dodge - increases the brightness of the image to reflect the

paintbrush pixel value of each channel.
• Lighter Color - replaces each channel of a pixel with whichever is

lighter, the pixel channel of the base image or the paintbrush pixel
channel.
49
Contrast Blending Modes
These Blending Modes create contrast between the paintbrush
effect and the base pixels, making the lighter and the darker areas darker.
• Overlay - applies the blend by mixing the paintbrush values with the
base pixels while preserving the shadows and highlights.
• Soft Light - darkens of lightens the colors depending on the blend
color.
• Hard Light - multiplies or screens the colors, depending on the blend
color.
• Vivid Light - burns or dodges the colors by increasing or decreasing
the contrast, depending on the blend color.
• Linear Light - increases or decreases the brightness of the color by
burning or dodging them depending on the blending color.
• Pin Light - replaces the colors, depending on the blend color.
• Hard Mix - adds the red, green and blue channel values of the blend
• Difference - depending on which color is brighter. Difference either
substracts the blend color from the base color in each channel, or the
reverse.
• Exclusion - creates an effect similar to Diffirence but with a lower
contrast.
• Subtraction - creates the resulting color by subtracting the blend
color from the base.
• Hue - combines the luminance and saturation of the base color and the
hue of the blended color for the final result.
• Saturation - combines the luminance and hue of the base color and
the saturation of the blend color to create the final result.
• Color - creates a monochrome effect by combining the luminance of
the base color with the hue and saturation of the blend color.
• Luminosity - creates the inverse effect of Color Mode.
• Opacity - This drop-down menu allows you to specify the opacity of
the painting tool.
• Tablet Pressure Controls Opacity - this option applies if you have a
stylus pen that detects pressure. The pressure on the stylus tip defines
the percentage of opacity involved when painting.
• Flow - sets the amount of applied to an area every time the brush
moves.
• Airbrush - allows you to build up paint based on time instead of
movement; by simply holding the mouse down in one area, you can
multiply the brush's effect.
• Tablet Pressure Control Size - lets the stylus pressure override the
brush or pencil size when painting.
• Color Replacement Tool - replaces one color in the image with
another without affecting the surrounding pixels.
50
Mixer Brush Tool
The Mixer Brush simulates realistic painting techniques, such as
mixing colors on the canvas, combining colors on a brush, and varying
paint wetness across a stroke.
It also lets you use the color palette to mix paint into the image,
use a dry brush to mix the paint on the image, set how much paint is
applied to the brush, and apply other changes to create an effect similar
to painting with actual wet paint on a physical medium.
This is a great too to try if you want to paint over a photo to make
it look more like a painting but don't want to apply a filter.
The Blur, Sharpen, and Smudge Tools
• Blur Tool - as the name implies, blurs

the image.
• Sharpen Tool - increases the intensity
of the image, thus, sharpening it.
• Smudge Tool - spreads and mixes
content of image areas
Dodge, Burn, and Sponge Tools
Dodge, Burn, and Sponge Tools allow you

to use brush techniques to apply lightening,
darkening, and saturation adjustments to
specific areas of an image.
• Dodge Tool - allows you to lighten the color of a particular area of an

image.
• Burn Tool - darken the color shade area of an image.
• Sponge Tool - allows you to adjust the saturation on the different
areas of your image.
7.3 PAINTING WITH NON-BRUSH PAINTING TOOLS

Photoshop allows you to paint large areas of an image with a color,
gradient fill, or pattern with Paint Bucket and Gradient Tools. These tools
apply paint using a general filling method rather than individual brush
strokes. Usingthe Paint Bucket and Gradient Fill Tools provides a quick
way to add background color and depth to an image.
The Paint Bucket Tools fills an area of

an image based on color similarity. Click
anywhere in the image and the Paint
Bucket will fill the area around the pixel
that you have clicked.
51
To use it, select the tool and click inside the layer or selection that
you want to fill. Here are your options, all of which are on the options bar:
• Fill - You can select whether to fill with the foreground color or a
pattern.
• Pattern - When you select Pattern on the options bar,
you can select a preset pattern, load patterns from
your pattern libraries, or create a pattern of your own.
If you wouldlike to paint a pattern onto the canvas, you can choose
a pattern from a drop-down list. There is also a pop-up menu next to the
pattern list that allows you to load a different set of patterns, save pattern
presets, and even create new patterns,
• Mode - You can select a fill Blend Mode but if you are usig the Paint
Bucket on a new transparent layer it is much better to adjust the
Blending Modes in the layer to give you more flexibility.
• Opacity - lets you adjust the transparency of the fill.
• Tolerance - specifies how similar in color a pixel must be before it's
selected for painting.
• Anti-Alias - allows you to make smoother edges by blending gradually
with adjoining pixels.
• Contiguous - when selected, the paint fills only pixels that are
touching within your selection. When deselected, paint fills all pixels
within the tolerance level that you specify within your selection.
• All Layers - when using multiple layers, all layers are used to create
the fill, otherwise, only the selected layer is used.
You can prevent the Paint Bucket Tool from filling the transparent
pixels by selecting the Transparency icon in the Lock area of the Layers
panel.
7.4 APPLYING GRADIENTS

The Gradient Tool creates a gradual blend between multiple colors.
You can choose from preset gradient fills or create your own.
Selecting The Gradient Tool

Photoshop's Gradient Tool is found in the Tools panel along
the left of the screen. Select it by clicking on its icon. You can
also select the Gradient Tool simply by pressing the letter G
on your keyboard:
52
The Gradient Picker
With the Gradient Tool
selected, the next thing
we need to do is choose a
gradient, and there's a couple
of ways we can do that. One
is by opening Photoshop's
Gradient Picker; the other is by opening the larger Gradient Editor. The
difference between the two is that the Gradient Picker simply allows us to
choose from ready-made preset gradients, while the Gradient Editor, as
its name implies, is where we can edit and customize our own gradients.
There are five types of gradient in Photoshop: Linear, Angular,

Radial, Reflected and Diamond.
1. Linear
The default gradient style in Photoshop is Linear, but you can select
it manually if you need to by clicking the first icon on the left:It
draws the gradient from the starting point to the end point in a
straight line based on the direction in which you dragged
2. Radial
The Radial style will draw a circular gradient outward from your
starting point:
53
3. Angular
The Angle style also uses your starting point as the center of the
gradient. But rather than transitioning outward in all directions, it
wraps itself around the starting point in a counterclockwise fashion.
4. Reflected
The Reflected style is very similar to the standard linear style, but it
goes a step further by taking everything on one side of your starting
point and mirroring it on the other side:
5. Diamond
The Diamond gradient style transitions outward from your starting
point, similar to the Radial style, except that it creates a diamond
shape.
Gradient Editor
The Gradient Editor lets us choose from any of Photoshop's
preset gradients, just like the smaller Gradient Picker, but it also lets
us edit those gradients by choosing different colors, adding more colors,
rearranging the colors, and removing colors! We can add transparency
to the gradient, and even adjust how the colors transition from one to
the other! And, we can save our gradient as a custom preset so we can
choose it again quickly the next time we need it!
54
A
D E
A. Panel menu
B. Opacity stop
C. Color Stops
D. Adjust values or delete the selected opacity or color setup
The Gradient Editor itself is divided into two main sections;

there's the Presets area at the top and the editing section below it. The
Presets area works the same way as the Gradient Picker, showing us
thumbnails of all the preset gradients we can choose from.
To select a
gradient, just click on its
thumbnail. The name
of the gradient you've
clicked on appears below
the thumbnails:
55
Photoshop includes other gradient sets that we can load into the
Gradient Editor, just like we can with the Gradient Picker. To see the list
of additional sets, click the small gear icon:
To select one, click on its name in the list.
Photoshop will ask if you want to replace the current gradients

with the new set. If you click Append, rather than replacing the current
gradients, it will add the new ones below the current ones. Click OK to
replace them:
To restore the original default gradients, click once again on the

gear icon. Then choose Reset Gradients from the menu. Photoshop will
ask if you want to replace the current gradients with the defaults. Click
OK to restore the default gradients.
Editing the Gradient

Let us start with one of the preset gradients. First, we choose a
preset gradient then, we edit its colors.
You can select Solid or Noise as your Gradient Type. You can adjust
the smoothness of the gradient if you choose Solid.
56
7.5 CHANGING THE GRADIENT COLORS
If you look below the gradient bar, you will see color stops that
look little square color swatches with arrows pointing up at the gradient
above them. There's one for each of the main colors in the gradient. These
color stops tell Photoshop two important things—which colors to use in
the gradient and where to put them:
To change an existing color, click the stop to select it.
With the stop selected, click on the color swatch.
This opens Photoshop's Color Picker where you can choose the color
that you want as a replacement.
Adjusting the Midpoint

If you look directly between the two color stops, you'll see a small
diamond-shaped icon. This is the midpoint icon. It represents the exact
middle of the transition between the colors on either side of it.
We can change the location of the midpoint by dragging the icon

closer to one color or the other. As we drag the midpoint icon, the Location
option below the gradient bar updates to show us the exact spot, in percent,
where the midpoint is located between the two colors. It can also change it
by entering a specific value into the Location field.
Adding Colors to the Gradient

To add more colors to the gradient, all we need to do is click
directly below the gradient at the spot where the new color should appear.
Photoshop will add a new color stop at that location.
57
Choose a different color from the Color Picker, then click OK.
You can drag the color spot of the newly added color to position it.
Removing a Color
To remove a color from the gradient, click on its color stop to select
it, then drag down and away from the gradient until the stop disappears.
Adding Transparency
Above the gradient bar, there are transparency stops that allow
you to adjust the transparency of different parts of the gradient.
Some of
Photoshop’s
preset gradients
already contain
transparency while
others don’t. If you
want the gradient
to transition from
a solid color on the
left to being 100%
transparent on the right, I can do that by first clicking on the transparency
stop above the right side of the gradient. This enables the transparency
options in the Stops section below the gradient. Click on the arrow to the
right of the current opacity value, then lower the value by dragging the
slider towards the left.
Moving and Adding Transparency Stops
Just as we can move color

stops to reposition them
along the gradient, we
can also move and add
transparency stops by
clicking on the gradient.
58
Removing Transparency Stops
To remove a transparency stop, click on it to select it, then drag up
and away from the gradient until the stop disappears.
Saving your Gradient as a New Preset

When you are satisfied with how your gradient looks, you can save
it as a new preset. First, enter a name for your new gradient into the
Name field, then click New.
Photoshop will add your new gradient in with the other presets,
giving it its own thumbnail that you can click on to select it the next time
you need it.
The new gradient will appear after the others in the presets area.
Once you are done, click OK to close out of the Gradient Editor.
BOOST YOUR ENGINE!
1. Open an image with a sky you want to enhance.
2. Set-up your gradient.From the Layers

palette click on the half-white-half-gray
circle which is the Create adjustment
layer icon. From the drop-down menu
choose Gradient Map.
59
3. The Gradient Map dialog
box will appear. Click on
the Gradient Bar to bring
up the Gradient Editor. In
the Gradient Editor click
on the Color Stop arrow
located under the gradient
bar on the left. Then click
on the Color box to open
the Color Picker dialog
box where you will change
the color of the stop.
4. From the Color Picker

set your RGB values
to 255-0-0 as shown.
Press OK.
60
5. Now your back at the Editor. Click on the stop on the right side of the
gradient bar and then click on the Color box again. This time in the
Color Picker set the RGB values to 255-255-0 for a bright yellow and
click OK. Click OK two more times to verify your settings and close the
dialog windows.
6. At the top of the Layers palette

is a drop-down menu of different
blending options. Click where it
says Normal and choose Overlay.
The effect on my photo is a little
too strong so I'm going to reduce
the Opacity setting to 85%. You
can try some different settings
for your photo.
REMEMBER
Painting tools enables users to create artworks on a blank canvas
using the Brush Tool, Pencil Tool, Paint Tool, and Gradient Tool in Adobe
Photoshop. It can also be used to enhance photos by means of retouching
them through Dodge, Burn and Smudge Tools.
The painting tools in Adobe Photoshop are all destructive; hence, it is
advisable to create a new layer and paint there. You should also apply the
Blending Modes to the layer to give your more flexibility.
Non-painting tools, such as Paint Bucket Tool, pattern a gradient
which is perfect for creating backgrounds. It can also be used to fill selections
quickly to apply an effect or enhance the image.
MOVE FURTHER!
ACTIVITY 1
What are the three painting tool types in Photoshop and what are
their differences?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
61
ACTIVITY 2
Write TRUE if the statement is correct. If FALSE, change the
underlined word or group of words to make the whole statement true.
___ 1. Linear Light increases or decreases the brightness of the color by

burning or dodging them depending on the blending color.
___ 2. Normal randomly replaces the pixels of the base color with the
blend color, creating a very pixelated effect, and applies a diffusion
dither pattern around the brush.
___ 3. Opacity creates the inverse effect of Color Mode.
___ 4. Flow sets the amount of applied to an area every time the brush
moves.
___ 5. Exclusion combines the luminance and saturation of the base color
and the hue of the blended color for the final result.
___ 6. Hard Mix adds the red, green and blue channel values of the blend
___ 7. Color creates a monochrome effect by combining the luminance of

the base color with the hue and saturation of the blend color.
___ 8. Soft Light applies the blend by mixing the paintbrush values with
the base pixels while preserving the shadows and highlights.
___ 9. Tablet Pressure Controls Opacity option applies if you have a

stylus pen that detects pressure. The pressure on the stylus tip
defines the percentage of opacity involved when painting.
___ 10. .Vivid Light multiplies or screens the colors, depending on the
blend color.
ACTIVITY 3
Hands-On
1. Open the Photoshop program.

2. Make a new document measuring 2200px X 1400px.
3. Fill the area with red and built in patterns.
4. Use any gradient style.
5. Save your work with file name Gradient_YourName.
62
8 DRAWING WITH SHAPES AND PATHS
LESSON • discuss the process of creating shapes and custom shapes;
• use the Pen Tool;
• use the Pen Tool for selection;
• use the Pen Tool for Filling Path; and
• use the Pen Tool for Clipping Path.
WARM IT UP!
Identify the following drawing tools and write their functions.
ICON NAME FUNCTION
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
GEAR UP!
8.1 SHAPE TOOLS
Adobe Photoshop enables you to draw by creating vector shapes
and paths with any of the Shape Tools, the Pen Tool, or the Freeform Pen
Tool. Options for each tool are available in the options bar.

With the
S h a p e
or Pen
Tools, you
can draw
in three
different
modes: Shape Layers, Paths, and Fill Pixels. You can choose a mode by
selecting an icon in the options bar when you have a Shape or Pen Tool
selected. The mode you choose to draw in determines whether you create
a vector shape on its own layer, a work path on an existing layer, or a
rasterized shape on an existing layer.
63
8.2 SHAPE LAYERS
Shape Layer creates a shape on
a separate layer. You can use either the
8.3 PATHS
Paths draw a work path on the
current layer that you can then use to
make a selection, create a vector mask, or
fill and stroke with color to create raster
8.4 FILL PIXELS

Fill Pixels paint directly on a layer
- much as a painting tool does. When you
work in this mode, you are creating raster
images - not vector graphics.
Vector shapes are lines and curves
that you draw using the Shape or Pen
Tools. Vector shapes are resolution-
independent. Unlike pixels, they retain
their crisp, sharp edges no matter how
large wwe make them. It does not matter
what the resolution of the document is
because vector shapes will always print
at the highest possible resolution of your
printer.
Photoshop's various Shape Tools are found in the Tools panel. By
default, the Rectangle Tool is the tool that is visible, but if you click on the
tool's icon and hold your mouse button down, a fly-out menu will appear
listing the other Shape Tools that are available.
Photoshop places each new vector shape we draw on its own Shape
Layer, which is made up of two parts: a color swatch on the left which
displays the current color of the shape, and a vector mask thumbnail to
the right of the color swatch which shows us the shape.
8.5 LINE TOOL

You can draw a straight line using the Line Tool by dragging from
one point in and releasing once you reached your end point. You can draw
lines at precise 45- or 90-degree angles by holding down the Shift key as
you drag. Select the Line Tool, or if you already have another drawing tool
selected, you can choose the Line Tool from the toolbox.
Like the basic Shape Tool where you can change the fill color, width,
and height, you can add arrow heads on both edges and change the gap in
between the lines. This is very useful in creating guidelines in projects.
64
8.6 CUSTOM SHAPE TOOL
Photoshop has five geometric shape tools: the Rectangle Tool, the
Rounded Rectangle Tool, the Ellipse Tool, the Polygon Tool, and the Line
Tool. If you want more complex shapes like a heart, sunflower, dog, cat,
etc., Adobe Photoshop comes with these shapes and more and you can
utilize them by choosing the Custom Shape Tool.
You can choose the Custom Shape Tool i the Tools panel at the
bottom the Shapes pop-up panel or the last icon at the right of the Shapes
option barif you already have Shape selected.
Choosing a Custom Shape

Click on the shape thumbnail in the Options Bar. The thumbnail
shows us the shape that's currently selected: Clicking the thumbnail opens
the Custom Shape Picker, with thumbnail previews of each shape that
you can choose from. Use the scroll bar along the right to scroll through
the thumbnails.
Loading Additional Shape Sets

if you need more custom shapes, you can
load the other custom shapes by clicking on the
shape preview thumbnail in the options bar to
open the Shape Picker, and clicking on the small
arrow on the top right corner of the Shape Picker.
This opens a menu with various options,
and in the bottom part of the menu is a list of
additional shape sets that were installed with
Photoshop. Each of these sets is a collection of
shapes that share a common theme like animals,
music, nature, and so on.
You can load a set containing the shape
that you want or you could just load them all by
clicking All at the top of the list.
Photoshop will ask if you want to replace
the current shapes with thennew shapes or if you
want to add the new ones in with the originals.
Choose Append to keep the original shapes and
add the new ones after them.
65
If you open the Shape Picker by clicking on the shape preview
thumbnail in the options bar, you can see all the new shapes.
Every new vector shape is given
its own Shape Layer in the Layers panel.
If you want to keep drawing on the
same Shape Layer instead of creating
new ones, use the options bar's Add,
Subtract, Intersect, and Exclude buttons,
or you can press and hold the Shift key
to add shapes to the active Shape Layer.
Just release the Shift key once you have
clicked to start drawing the shape to
keep from constraining it.
8.7 PEN TOOL

One of the most useful tools in Photoshop is the Pen Tool, it can
be used to create complex shapes, trace an image, make selections, and
create paths. It allows you to create straight lines, smooth curved paths,
and shapes (vector).
The Pen Tool is all about drawing paths, a line that goes from one
point to another - the line may be straight or it may be curved, but it
always goes from one point to another point.
• Freeform Pen Tool - allows you to easily draw vector shapes and
various paths by automatically adding anchor points.
• Magnetic Pen Tool - selecting the Freeform Pen Tool gives you the
Magnetic option in the options bar. When you select the Magnetic in
the options bar, the line you draw with Freeform Pen Tool tries to
follow the boundaries of edges.
• Add Anchor Point Tool - adds anchors and reshapes actual shapes
and paths.
• Delete Anchor Point Tool - is very similar to Anchor Point Tool. The
only difference is that this tool removes anchor points.
• Convert Point Tool - edits existing shape masks and paths by
converting smooth anchor points to corner anchor points.
The Two Pen Tool Modes

Selecting a drawing mode in the options bar for the Pen Tool will
give different sets for each mode. Unlike the various Shape Tools, the Fill
Pixels icon is grayed out and not available when working with the Pen
Tool.
66
Shape Mode
Path Mode
Paths can be used for different purposes, you can convert it to a

selection, a mask, or even a shape. It is advisable to set the Pen Tool to
Path Mode because of its versatility.
These are additional options available in the options bar when you
select the Pen Tool:
• Auto Add/Delete - lets you add an anchor point when you

click a line segment or delete an anchor point when you click it.
• Rubber Band - lets you preview path segments as you

move the pointer between clicks. (To access this option, click
the pop-up menu to the right of the Custom Shape Tool).
Draw straight line segments
The simplest path you can draw with the standard Pen tool is a
straight line, made by clicking the Pen tool to create two anchor points.
By continuing to click, you create a path made of straight line segments
connected by corner points.
1. Select the Pen tool.

2. Position the Pen tool where you want the straight segment to begin,
and click to define the first anchor point (do not drag).
Note: The first segment you draw will not be visible until you click a
second anchor point. (Select the Rubber Band option in Photoshop to
preview path segments.) Also, if direction lines appear, you’ve accidentally
dragged the Pen tool; choose Edit > Undo, and click again.
67
3. Click again where you want the segment to end (Shift-click to constrain
the angle of the segment to a multiple of 45°).
4. Continue clicking to set anchor points for additional straight segments
The last anchor point you add always appears as a solid square,
indicating that it is selected. Previously defined anchor points become
hollow, and deselected, as you add more anchor points.
5. Complete the path by doing one of the following:
• To close the path, position the Pen tool over the first (hollow) anchor
point. A small circle appears next to the Pen tool pointer when it is
positioned correctly. Click or drag to close the path.
• To leave the path open, Ctrl-click (Windows) or Command-click (Mac
OS) anywhere away from all objects.
• To leave the path open, you can also select a different tool.
Draw curves with the standard Pen tool

You create a curve by adding an anchor point where a curve changes
direction, and dragging the direction lines that shape the curve. The
length and slope of the direction lines determine the shape of the curve.
Curves are easier to edit and your system can display and print
them faster if you draw them using as few anchor points as possible.
Using too many points can also introduce unwanted bumps in a curve.
Instead, draw widely spaced anchor points, and practice shaping curves
by adjusting the length and angles of the direction lines.
1. Select the Pen tool.

2. Position the Pen tool where you want the curve to begin, and hold
down the mouse button.
3 The first anchor point appears, and the Pen tool pointer changes to
an arrowhead. (In Photoshop, the pointer changes only after you’ve
started dragging.)
4. Drag to set the slope of the curve segment you’re creating, and then
release the mouse button.
5. In general, extend the direction line about one third of the distance to
the next anchor point you plan to draw. (You can adjust one or both
sides of the direction line later.)
6. Hold down the Shift key to constrain the tool to multiples of 45°.
A. Positioning Pen tool
B. Starting to drag (mouse button pressed)
C. Dragging to extend direction lines
68
7. Position the Pen tool where you want the curve segment to end, and do
one of the following:
To create a C‑shaped curve, drag in a direction opposite to the

previous direction line. Then release the mouse button.
To create an S‑shaped curve, drag in the same direction as the

previous direction line. Then release the mouse button.
8. To change the direction of the curve sharply, release the mouse button,
and then Alt-drag (Windows) or Option-drag (Mac OS) the direction
point in the direction of the curve. Release the Alt (Windows) or Option
(Mac OS) key and the mouse button, reposition the pointer where you
want the segment to end, and drag in the opposite direction to complete
the curve segment.
9. Continue dragging the Pen tool from different locations to create a
series of smooth curves. Note that you are placing anchor points at the
beginning and end of each curve, not at the tip of the curve.

Note: Alt-drag (Windows) or Option-drag (Mac OS) direction lines to
break out the direction lines of an anchor point.
10. Complete the path by doing one of the following:

• To close the path, position the Pen tool over the first (hollow) anchor
point. A small circle appears next to the Pen tool pointer when it is
positioned correctly. Click or drag to close the path.
• To leave the path open, Ctrl-click (Windows) or Command-click (Mac
OS) anywhere away from all objects.
69
Draw straight lines followed by curves
1. Using the Pen tool, click corner points in two locations to create a
straight segment.
2. Position the Pen tool over the selected endpoint. A small diagonal
line, or slash, appears next to the Pen tool. To set the slope of the
curved segment you’ll create next, click the anchor point, and drag
the direction line that appears.
A. Straight segment completed

B. Positioning Pen tool over endpoint
C. Dragging direction point
3. Position the pen where you want the next anchor point; then click
(and drag, if desired) the new anchor point to complete the curve.
A. Positioning Pen tool

B. Dragging direction line
C. New curve segment completed
Draw curves followed by straight lines
1. Using the Pen tool, drag to create the first smooth point of the curved
segment, and release the mouse button.
70
2. Reposition the Pen tool where you want the curved segment to end,
drag to complete the curve, and release the mouse button.
3. Select the Convert Point tool from the toolbox, and then click the
selected end point to convert it from a smooth point to a corner point.
Note: Press Alt (Windows) or Option (Mac OS) to temporarily change

the Pen tool to the Convert Point tool.
4. Select the Pen tool from the toolbox, position the Pen tool where you
want the straight segment to end, and click to complete the straight
segment.
Draw two curved segments connected by a corner
1. Using the Pen tool, drag to create the first smooth point of a curved
segment.
2. Reposition the Pen tool and drag to create a curve with a second
smooth point; then press and hold Alt (Windows) or Option (Mac OS)
and drag the direction line toward its opposing end to set the slope of
the next curve. Release the key and the mouse button. This process
converts the smooth point to a corner point by splitting the direction
lines.
4. Reposition the Pen tool where you want the second curved segment
to end, and drag a new smooth point to complete the second curved
segment.
A. Dragging a new smooth point

B. Pressing Alt/Option to split direction lines while dragging, and
swinging direction line up
C. Result after repositioning and dragging a third time
71
Using Shapes as Clipping Mask
Unliike layer masks, where we first need to add a mask to the layer
and then paint or fill areas on the mask with black to hid the area, white
to show the area or gray to partially hide the area, clipping masks simply
use the contents and transparency of a layer to determine which parts of
the layer above it remain visible.
To use shape as a clipping mask, just drawa shape and place it
below the image that you want to clip. After that, press Alt on the keyboard
and click on the middle of the thumbnail in the Layers panel between the
image and the shape.
REMEMBER
Drawing in Photoshop involves creating shapes and paths madr of
vector or pixels. Unlike pixels that lose their sharpness, vector shapes will
stay crisp and sharp all the time even when you resize them.
MOVE FURTHER!
ACTIVITY 1
What is the difference between shape, path, and pixel?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
ACTIVITY 2
Identify the following:
__________1. This mode paints directly on a layer like a painting tool

does.
__________2. Using this tool, you can draw a straight line.
__________3. By default, this is the tool that is visible in the Shapes

panel.
__________4. This is the first icon on the left with Foreground color icon.
__________5. This tool edits existing shape masks and paths by

converting smooth anchor points to corner anchor points.
72
WRAP IT UP!
In this module, you have learned the basics about Adobe Photoshop
CS6, from the workspace up to the basic tools and options to create and edit
an image. From here, you are able to open files such as JPEG, TIFF, PDF,
PNG, GIF, and PSD (which is the native format document of Photoshop),
perform basic editing, and save images for web or for print.
Adobe Photoshop is a software for editing and creating raster images.

It is used by graphics artists to create banners, advertising materials,
marketing materials, and other graphic designs. Adobe Photoshop is ideal
for enhanhing and retouching pictures.
In Photoshop, we learned about the workspace that consists of tools

and options that may seem to produce the same output. However, we also
learned that these tools have a very specific function that become very
useful in specific cases.
Another skill you learned in this module is the skill of selecting

parts or sections of you image. Learning to select is crucial, as you must
first isolate the object you are going to edit so that it will not affect the
other areas of the image. You learned also the skill of drawing and painting
vector shapes. With these tools, you are now able to create professional-
looking images, such as materials for banners, posters, and other graphic
artwork.
Photoshop offers more features that you will learn as you get more
practice and experience in editing and enhancing photos. Always try to
experiment with Photoshop and browse tutorials online on how to produce
different artworks using techniques that are all available in Photoshop.
Although Adoe Photoshop has tools to create artworks from easy

to instant, there is no shortcut to creativity. Find inspirations from your
surroundings and from there, you will discover more techniques on how to
create and enhance unique artworks, making them your own. Enhancing
art is the start of learning - knowing how they did it, improving on it, and
regarding them as inspiration to improve.
Photoshop is a very powerful program that allows you to enhance

images, remember it is not an all-around software. It can provide graphics
for print, but you must also explore other possibilities with other software
or programs in graphic design.
73
BIBLIOGRAPHY
BOOK REFERENCE
Bagtas, R., 2017.Tech Book Series: Mastering Information and Multimedia

Technology. Quezon City: The Library Publishing House, Inc.
Jemma Development Group., 2013. Creative Design CS6. Philippines:

Jemma Inc.
iBook Development Group., 2015. Digital Creativity Using Adobe CS6.

Philippines: iBook Publishing.
INTERNET LINKS
http://www.essential-photoshop-elements.com/gradient-map.html
https://helpx.adobe.com/photoshop/using/drawing-pen-tools.html
https://helpx.adobe.com/photoshop/using/image_dimensions.html
https://www.photoshopessentials.com/basics/how-to-use-the-gradient-
editor-in-photoshop/
https://www.photoshopessentials.com/basics/how-to-draw-gradients-
with-the-gradient-tool-in-photoshop/
https://www.photoshopessentials.com/photo-effects/place-image-inside-
shape-photoshop/
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8

Learning and Working

Graphic designs can be foud all around us, be it in logos, advertisements,

In this module, the Microsoft Windows environment is used as it is one of the

LESSON 2: Editing with Selection Tools

LESSON 3: Basic Photo Corrections

LESSON 4: Working with Layers

LESSON 6: Adding Text in Photoshop

LESSON 7: Painting in Photoshop

LESSON 8: Drawing with Shapes and Paths

PHOTOSHOP formats. It was developed and

CS6 Adobe Photoahop has become the

1.2 STARTING WORK IN ADOBE PHOTOSHOP

1.3 PHOTOSHOP INTERFACE

Shape Tool Draws shapes and lines

The Annotations, Measuring and Navigation Tools help you navigate

ANNOTATION, MEASURING AND NAVIGATION TOOLS

Hand Tool Moves your image within the window

Zoom Tool Zooms in or zooms out your image

Allows you to toggle between Standard

1.4 POPULAR AND USEFUL FILE FORMATS

Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG or JPG) is the widely

Graphics Interchange Format (GIF) is a file format for compressing

Portable Network Graphics (PNG) is a raster graphics file format

Portable Document Format (PDF) is a format used to present and

3. Then the file will appear in Photoshop.

9. Click anywhere in the image window.

The image enlarges to a preset percentage level, which replaces the

2. To save a file with a different name, location, or format.

ICON NAME FUNCTION

To select using the marquee tools:

Specify one of the selection options in the options bar.

NEW INTERSECT WITH

Specify a feathering setting in the options bar. Turn anti-aliasing

For the Rectangular Marquee Tool or the Elliptical Marquee Tool,

• Normal: determines marquee proportions by dragging.

With the Rectangular Marquee Tool or the Elliptical Marquee Tool,

• Shift Key - restrains the Rectangular and Elliptical Marquee

2.2 LASSO TOOL

2.3 POLYGONAL LASSO TOOL

2.4 MAGNETIC LASSO TOOL

How to make a selection using the Magnetic Lasso Tool:

2. Set any of these options.

2.5 MAGIC WAND

2.6 QUICK SELECTION

4. Choose Quick Selction options.

Feathering is Photoshop's term for creating soft edges. Creating KEYBOARD

2.8 BASIC MODIFICATIONS TO A SELECTION - Deselect

2.9 TRANSFORM SELECTIONS

BOOST YOUR ENGINE!

1. Select File > Open > Landscape.jpg

2. Select the tree using the rectangle marquee tool.

5. Click Layer Style at the bottom of the

7. Follow the settings.

12. Save it with the file name Landscape_YourName.

Resolution Pixel Healing Tool

Stamp Tool Spot Healing Brush Tool

3.4 RESIZING IMAGES

3.5 USING STAMP TOOL

1. Your Healing Brush

3.7 USING SPOT HEALING TOOL

BOOST YOUR ENGINE!

• Add a blank layer.

• To clear up larger areas, start by