Brightness of Reflected Ray Brightness of Refracted Ray

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A ray of light travels from an optically denser medium to an optically less dense
medium. The light is partly reflected and partly refracted. What will happen to the
brightness of the reflected ray and the refracted ray when the angle of incidence
increases but is still less than the critical angle?
Brightness of Brightness of
reflected ray refracted ray
A increases increases
B increases decreases
C decreases increases
D decreases decreases
B
The figure below shows a ray of light entering and leaving a device in the dashed
line box. There is a pair of 459045 glass prisms in the device. The refractive
index of glass is 1.5.
How are the glass prisms arranged in the device?

A
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Which of the following cases involve total internal reflection of light?
(1)
(2)
image formed by
water surface
(3)
image formed by
water surface
A (1) and (2) only

B (1) and (3) only
C (2) and (3) only
D (1), (2) and (3)
A
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Which of the following is not an example of refraction?
A A chopstick appears bent when dipped in water.
B A distorted image is observed on a ruffled water surface.
C A goldfish in a tank appears nearer and bigger than it really is.
D Stars appear higher than they really are when we look up from the ground.
B
A mirage is caused by
A reflection only.
B refraction only.
C total internal reflection only.
D refraction and total internal reflection.
D
Which of the following effects results from total internal reflection?
A Swimming pools look shallower than they really are.
B Diamonds sparkle when light shines on them.
C You see your own image on the glass of a window.
D A ruffled pond surface produces a distorted image of the surrounding
environment.
B
The following figure shows a light ray travelling from medium X to a vacuum.
What is the refractive index of medium X?
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A light ray travelling in air hits a rectangular glass block. Which of the lines A, B,
C or D best represents the path of the light ray?
glass
C
air
B
A
Which of the following instruments make(s) use of total internal reflection of
light?
(1) Optical fibre
(2) Plane mirror
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(3) Prisms in a periscope

A (1) only
B (1) and (3) only
C (2) and (3) only
D (1), (2) and (3)
B
A light ray enters a semicircular glass block as shown.
r2
air
glass
i r1
Which of the following equations is/are correct?

(1) i = r1
(2) Refractive index of glass =
(3) r1 = r2
A (1) only
B (1) and (2) only
C (1) and (3) only
D (2) and (3) only
A
A light ray travels from medium X to medium Y as shown. The refractive indices
of media X and Y are 1.7 and 1.2 respectively.
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medium Y
medium X
15
What is the angle of refraction?

A 10.5
B 18.1
C 21.5
D 26.1
C
A beam of red light and a beam of blue light travel from air into oil. Which of the
following statements is correct?
A The two beams of light travel at the same speed in air and in oil as well.
B The two beams of light travel at the same speed in air while they travel at
different speeds in oil.
C The two beams of light travel at different speeds in air while they travel at
the same speed in oil.
D The two beams of light travel at different speeds in air and in oil as well.
B
A boy shines a torch underwater as shown.
Which of the following figures correctly shows the paths of the light rays?
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 Three diamonds of the same refractive index but different shapes are shown
below. Rays entering them are refracted and reflected.
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Z
X Y
Which of them have equal number of refraction when a light ray passes through
them?
A X and Y only
B X and Z only
C Y and Z only
D X, Y and Z
D
 A ray of light enters a transparent block from air as shown in Figure a. The angle
of incidence i is varied and the corresponding angle of refraction r is measured. A
graph of sin i against sin r is obtained (Fig b).
sin i
i
air 0.7
block
r
0 sin r
0.5
Fig a Fig b
What is the critical angle for the interface between the block and air?
A 45.6
B 44.2
C 30.0
D 20.5
A
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 A ray of light travels from medium X to medium Y as shown. The speed of light in
air and medium X are 3  108 m s1 and 2.5  108 m s1 respectively. Find the
refractive index of medium Y.
40
medium X
medium Y
25
A 1.27
B 1.29
C 1.52
D 1.83
D
 When a beam of white light passes through a glass prism, a colour spectrum is
formed. Which of the following statements about this phenomenon is/are correct?
(1) White light is composed of a mixture of colours.
(2) Different colours of light travel at different speeds in glass.
(3) Green light refracts more than red light in passing through the prism.
A (1) only
B (1) and (2) only
C (2) and (3) only
D (1), (2) and (3)
D
 A ray of light travels from medium X to medium Y. Which of the following ray
diagrams is/are possible?
(1)
medium X
medium Y
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(2)
medium X
medium Y
(3)
medium X
medium Y
A (1) only
B (1) and (2) only
C (2) and (3) only
D (1), (2) and (3)
B
 The speed of light in air is 3  108 m s1 and that in medium X is 2.4  108 m s1.
Which of the following ray diagrams is/are correct?
(1) air medium X
53.1
(2) air medium X
40
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(3) air medium X
60
51.3
A (3) only
B (1) and (2) only
C (2) and (3) only
D (1), (2) and (3)
A
 A ray of light travels from medium X to medium Y and total internal reflection
occurs as shown.
medium X 50
medium Y
Which of the following statements must be correct?

(1) The critical angle for the interface between medium X and medium Y is 40.
(2) Light travels faster in medium Y than in medium X.
(3) Medium Y is air.
A (2) only
B (1) and (2) only
C (1) and (3) only
D (1), (2) and (3)
A
 A student passes a ray of light from medium X to medium Y. The angle of
incidence x is varied and the corresponding angle of refraction y is measured. A
graph of sin x against sin y is obtained as shown in Figure a. Then the student
repeats the experiment by passing light from air to medium Y. The angle of
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incidence a and the angle of refraction y are measured. The graph of sin a against
sin y is shown in Figure b.
sin x sin a
0.4 0.8
0 sin y 0 sin y
0.6 0.6
Fig a Fig b
Which of the following statements is/are correct?

(1) Total internal reflection will never occur when light travels from medium Y
to medium X.
(2) The critical angle for the interface between air and medium Y is 48.6.
(3) The refractive index of medium X is 1.5.
A (3) only
B (1) and (2) only
C (2) and (3) only
D (1), (2) and (3)
B
 Some highly-concentrated sugar solution has been added slowly to the bottom of
a tank of water. The concentration and the refractive index of the solution
decrease when the height from the bottom increases. A ray of light enters the tank
from the side as shown. Which line shows the correct path of the light ray?
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 When a ray of light travels from medium X to medium Y, total internal reflection
may occur. The critical angle for the interface between these two media is 50.
The refractive index of medium Y is 1.4. Find the refractive index of medium X.
A 1.07
B 1.31
C 1.83
D 2.18
C
 What is/are the advantage(s) of right-angled prisms over plane mirrors in making
periscopes?
(1) The image is erect.
(2) Multiple images are not formed.
(3) The image is of the same size as the object.
A (2) only
B (1) and (2) only
C (2) and (3) only
D (1), (2) and (3)
A
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 The following diagrams show a light ray hitting a semicircular glass block in
different ways. C is the center of the semicircular block. The critical angle of the
glass is 42. Which of the diagrams are correct?
(1) (2)
air air
glass glass
(3)
glass
air
A (1) and (2) only

B (1) and (3) only
C (2) and (3) only
D (1), (2) and (3)
B
« A ray of light enters a 306090 plastic prism from air. The critical angle of
the plastic is 42.
60
30
Which of the following ray diagrams is correct?

A
60
30
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B
60
30
C
60
30
D
60
30
« A horizontal light ray is incident on a glass prism as shown in the figure below.
glass
air

A glass
air
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B glass
air
C glass
air
D glass
air
« The figure below shows a ray of light entering medium Y from medium X.
 medium Y
 medium X

(1) Light travels faster in medium X than in medium Y.
(2)  is the angle of refraction.
(3) The refractive index of medium X is larger than that of medium Y.
A (1) only
B (3) only
C (1) and (2) only
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D (2) and (3) only

A
 A light ray passes from air into water (refractive index 1.33). What is the angle
between the reflected ray and the refracted ray?
A 97
B 105
C 111
D 117
C
 Which of the following statements about refraction of light is/are correct?
(1) A light ray is bent towards the normal when it passes from an optically less
dense medium to an optically denser medium.
(2) The ratio of the angle of incidence to the angle of refraction is constant.
(3) When a light ray passes from one medium to another, it is refracted because
the speed of light is different in the two media.
A (1) only
B (2) only
C (1) and (3) only
D (1), (2) and (3)
C
 The figure below shows the apparent position of a goldfish as seen by an observer
above water. Where is the actual position of the goldfish?
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observer’s eye
apparent position
of goldfish
 A light ray passes through a triangular glass prism as shown in the following
figure. The refractive index of the glass is 1.5. Find .
A 51
B 53
C 61
D 65
C
 Which of the following statements about total internal reflection of light is/are
correct?
(1) It occurs only when light travels from glass to air.
(2) It will never occur if light travels from air to glass.
(3) It will occur if light travels from a medium with a refractive index of 1.6 to
air at an angle of incidence of 35.
A (1) only
B (2) only
C (1) and (3) only
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D (2) and (3) only

B
 Three light rays enter an air bubble in water. C is the centre of the bubble. Which
of the paths shown below is/are correct?
air water
A (2) only
B (1) and (2) only
C (1) and (3) only
D (1), (2) and (3)
B
 Which of the following statements is/are correct?
Given: refractive index of pure water = 1.33
refractive index of peanut oil = 1.47
(1) The apparent depth of a beaker filled with pure water is less than that of the
same beaker filled with peanut oil.
(2) In air, the critical angle of peanut oil is smaller than that of pure water.
(3) Total internal reflection may occur when light enters pure water from peanut
oil.
A (1) only
B (3) only
C (1) and (2) only
D (2) and (3) only
D
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 The figure below shows a light ray hitting the centre O of a semicircular glass
block. The angle  increases from 0 and the corresponding angle  is measured.

(1) The graph of sin  against sin  is a straight line.
(2) The maximum value of sin  is 1.
(3) If the light ray is directed at O from the curved edge, it can always emerge
from the straight edge.
A (1) only
B (2) only
C (1) and (3) only
D (2) and (3) only
A
« Which of the following statements about the laws of refraction is/are correct?
(1) The angle of refraction r is always equal to the angle of incidence i.
(2) The ratio of the sine of the angle of incidence i to the sine of the angle of
refraction r is always equal to 1, i.e. .
(3) The incident ray, the refracted ray and the normal all lie in the same plane.
A (3) only
B (1) and (2) only
C (2) and (3) only
D (1), (2) and (3)
A
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 As shown below, a small fish hides under the centre of a floating circular dish
with a diameter of 2 m. If the fish moves vertically downwards from the water
surface, how far can it move down the water before somebody above the water
can see it?
Given: refractive index of water = 1.33
A 0.53 m
B 0.66 m
C 0.88 m
D 1.14 m
C
 A light ray is incident on a glass window at an angle of 30 to the normal as
shown. At what angle (to the normal) does it go out from the other side?
Given: refractive index of glass = 1.5
30
glass window
A 19.5
B 30
C 48.6
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D 60
B
« When light travels from an optically denser medium to an optically less dense
medium,
(1) its speed increases.
(2) its colour changes.
(3) it bends away from the normal.
A (1) only
B (2) only
C (1) and (3) only
D (2) and (3) only
C
 Which of the following combinations of refractive indices gives the smallest
critical angle for the interface between media X and Y?
Refractive index of medium X Refractive index of medium Y
A 1.6 1.1
B 1.7 1.1
C 2.0 1.5
D 2.1 1.5
B
 A light ray is directed towards medium X from air as shown. The refractive index
of medium X is 1.84.
60
air
medium X
air
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Which of the following figures correctly shows the path of the light ray?
A
60
B
60
C
60
D
60
 A ray of light passes through a certain medium as shown (angles p and q not
drawn to scale).
p
air
medium
air
q
Which of the following correctly compares the sizes of p and q?

A pq
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B pq
C pq
D It cannot be determined since the refractive index of the medium is unknown.
C
 A ray of light travels from air into a medium as shown.
45
medium
20 air
The angle of incidence is then varied. Which of the following statements is

correct?
A Total internal reflection occurs when the angle of incidence is larger than
29.
B Total internal reflection occurs when the angle of incidence is larger than
40.
C Total internal reflection occurs when the angle of incidence is larger than
49.
D Total internal reflection would never occur no matter what the angle of
incidence is.
D
 Parallel light rays fall perpendicularly on the straight edge of a glass block as
shown. O is the centre of the curved edge of the block.
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glass block
When the light rays pass through the block,

A they converge to O.
B they converge to a point behind O.
C they diverge.
D they are still parallel to each other.
C
 A light ray is directed from medium X to medium Y as shown. The refractive
index of medium Y is higher than that of medium X.
medium X medium Y
Which of the following figure best shows the path of the light ray?
A medium X medium Y
B medium X medium Y
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C medium X medium Y
D medium X medium Y
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 A ray of light travels from medium X to medium Y at an angle of incidence of
50. The speed of light in X is v and that in Y is 1.5v. Find the angle of refraction
of the light ray.
A 30.7
B 33.3
C 75.4
D Refraction does not take place.
D
 A ray of light passes from air to media X and then Y as shown. Find the critical
angle for the interface between air and medium Y.
40
air
medium X
medium Y
30
air
A 27.8
B 38.9
C 51.1
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D 62.2
C
 A light ray travels from medium I to medium IV, as shown in the following
figure. Arrange the refractive indices of the media in ascending order.
A IV < II < I < III

B III < IV < II < I
C IV < II < III < I
D III < I < IV < II
A
 A student directs a light ray from air to a medium of refractive index n. The angle
of incidence is 30 and the angle of refraction is . He repeats the experiment by
directing a light ray from air to different media and the angle of incidence is kept
at 30. Which of the following graphs correctly shows how sin  varies with n?
A
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 A light ray travels from air to a prism as shown. The refractive index of the prism
is 1.4.
40
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40
40
40
40
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Brightness of Reflected Ray Brightness of Refracted Ray

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Brightness of Reflected Ray Brightness of Refracted Ray

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3A_ch02_MC_e

How are the glass prisms arranged in the device?

A (1) and (2) only

(3) Prisms in a periscope

Which of the following equations is/are correct?

(2) Refractive index of glass =

What is the angle of refraction?

(2) air medium X

(3) air medium X

Which of the following statements must be correct?

Which of the following statements is/are correct?

A (1) and (2) only

Which of the following ray diagrams is correct?

Which of the following ray diagrams is correct?

Which of the following statements is/are correct?

D (2) and (3) only

D (2) and (3) only

Which of the following statements is/are correct?

refraction r is always equal to 1, i.e. .

Which of the following correctly compares the sizes of p and q?

The angle of incidence is then varied. Which of the following statements is

When the light rays pass through the block,

A IV < II < I < III

Which of the following ray diagrams is correct?

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