H YMNS OF T H E A T H AR V A V EDA -

T R ANSLAT ED

WIT H A POPULA R COMMENT A R Y

R IFFIT H
R ALPH T H . .

Q
F O R M E R LY P R I N C I P A L O F B EN A B ES CO L LE GE

V OL I .

S t u art s
:
P R I NT E D A N D P UBL I S H E D B Y E . J
. LA ZA R US Co
.

so w A LSO BY

L UZA C A N D C O M PA N Y , L ON DO N .

fl ll ri
g h ts r ese rv ed .
 C ON T E N T S .

Pa “
s t s on
-

l ran sl at io n
' '
H y m n s, an d C om m en t ary

Bo o x I .

II .

I II .

IV .

V .

VI .

V II .

V III .

IX .

A rm m m c ns

1 . Lati n v ersio n of hym ns an d st an zas om i tt ed

in t h e E n gl ish t ran sl at i o n
I . I n de x of H ym n s
III . I n d ex o f N am es, Et c .

Co rrigen da et A dden da

M 2 0 6 5 3 2
 PR E FA C E
’

T at A th ar va veda is -
a co m p arat ve l
yi l at e add i t io n
t o t h e t h re e an c i e n t V e das, th e R ,
ik Y aj ,
u s an d Sfi m an

th e V e das i ly o f reci t ed p rai se sacrifi ce an d

r e sp e c t ve , ,

so n g o r c h an t e d hy m n w h i ch fo r m ed t h e fo u n dat i o n o f
-

t h e e ar ly re lig i o u s b e li e f an d w o rsh i p o f t h e H i n du s .

U n li k e t h ese t h ree V e das th e A th arva v e da d eri ves t h e

,
-

n am e by w h i ch i t is g e n e rally k n o w n n o t fr o m th e ,

n at u re o f i ts c o n t e n ts b u t fro m a p e rso n a e o f
g i n de fi n i t e
Iy r e m o t e an t i q u i ty n am e d A t h ar van , w h o is s
p o k e n o f
i n the i
R g v e da as t h e fi rst p i
r e st w ho
‘
ru bb e d A gni
fo r t h r o du ce d i fi re by
i h fi rst b y
’
t at t r
‘
p
. or on w o ,

sacr ifi c e s m ade t he p at h s o r establi sh ed w ay s o f co m

m u n icat io n b e t w e e n m e n an d G o ds an d o vercam e ,

h o stil e d em o n s by m ean s o f t h e m i rac u l o u s p o w ers

w h i c h h e had re ce i v e d fro m h eav e n T o t he desce n d .

an ts o f t h i s A th ar v an asso c i at ed w i t h th e A n g irases
,

an d th e B hrig u s m em b e rs o f o t h er an c i e n t p r i estl y
,

fam ili e s o fte n m e n t i o n ed i n th e R i g ve da t h e co ll e ct e d ,

h y m n s calle d al so t h e A th ar v ang irasas an d th e B h riga

v an
g i rasas, t h at i s t h e S o ng s of th e A t h ar van s an d
A n
g i rase s an d t h e S o n gs of th e B hrigu s an d A n girases,
an d , i n t h e Go p ath a B rah m ana, t h e A t h arvanaw e da an d
-

the —
A n g irasa ve da w e re , it is sai d, o r ig i n ally r e veal ed
-
.

Y et an o th er n am e of th e l l e c ti o n o f h y m n s i s
co

B rah m a -
ve da, w h i ch is var i o usly e x p l ai n ed as ( 1 ) t h e
 IV R
P EFA C E

V e da o f t h e B rahm an o r ch ef i sacr ifi ci al i
r e st w h o se
p
d u ty it w as t o su
p i
e r v se an d
d i r ec t t h e w h o l e sac r ifi c e

an d t o re m edy al l fau l t s o f o m i ssi o n an d c o m m i ssi o n i n

i ts p e r fo r m an ce w h il e t h e o t h e r V e das are re sp e c t i v e ly
,

t h o se o f t he H o tar th e A dh v ary u an d t h e U dg fi tar

, ,

w h o ar e r e gard ed as t h e assi stan ts an d i n fe ri o rs o f t h e

B rah m an ( 2) as the K n o w l e dge o f Pray e rs

i n c l u di n g be ne di ct i o n i m p re cat i o n sp e ll s an d c har m s
, ,

t h e V e da w h ic h t each e s t o ap p ease t h e G ods an d se cu r e

t h e i r p ro t e ct i ng favo u r t o bl ess fri e n ds an d t o c u rse
, ,

a n d de str o y h u m an an d g h o st ly e n e m i e s an d al l n o xi o u s ,

c re at u re s ; ( 3) as t h e K n o w l e d e o r Do ctr i n e o f B rah m a
g ,

t h e S u p re m e S e l f S o u l o r S p i r i t w i t h w h i ch t h e so u l
, ,

o f m an is fi n ally re d i n t e g rat e d t h e fo ll o w e rs o f t h i ’s

V e da asse rt i n g i ts su p e r i o r i ty to t h e t h ree m o r e an c i e n t
V e das o n t he gr o u n d t h at w h il e t h e y t e ac h m e n t o fu l
,

fi l t h e d h a rm a o r re lig i o u s l aw t h e B rah m a v eda i m parts

,
-

t h e su bli m e an d m y st e r i o u s do ct r i n e w h i c h e n abl es
t h o se w h o st u dy it t o at t ai n m oksha de li ve ran ce fr o m ,

fu rt h e r t ran sm i grat i o n an d i n t h e e n d co m p l e te ab so rp
, , ,

t i o n i n to t h e A b so l u t e T h e se co nd o f t h e se e x p l ana
.

t i o n s se e m s fro m o u r p o i n t o f v i e w t o b e t h e co rr ec t
, ,

o n e , an d t h e A t harva or B r ah m a v e da m a be re garde d
y
-

as t he V eda o f Pray e rs C h ar m s , ,
an d S p e ll s .

I h ave call ed t h e A t h ar va -
v eda a co m p arat ve i ly
l at e i i
add t o n to t h e t h re e an ci e n t V edas o f w h i ch i t , ,

m ay b e o bse r ved o n e o n l y t h e R i gv eda i s o r i gi n al an d

, , ,

h i sto r i cal t h e o t h e r t w o b e i n g m ere ly li tu rgi cal co m p i

,

l at io n s. T h e A th ar va is li k e th e R ik i n t h e m ai n
, ,

h i st o r i ca l a n d o r i g i n al b u t i,ts co n t e n t s can n o t as a ,
 PR EFA C E .

who le l ay cl aim to e q u al an t i q u i t y P r o fe sso r W h i t n ey

, .

say s : T h e g r eate r p o rt i o n o f t h e h y m n s are p l ai n l y

sh o w n , b o t h by the ir lan g u age
i n t er n al c h arac te r
an d ,

t o b e o f m u c h l ate r dat e t h an t h e g e n e ral c o n t e n t s o f

t h e o t h e r h i st o r i c V e da an d e v e n t h an it s t e n t h b o o k
,

w i t h w h i c h t he y st an d n e ar l y c o n n e c t e d i n i m p o rt an d
o rig i n . T h i s h o w e v e r w o u l d n o t i m p ly t h at
, ,

t h e m ai n b od y o f t h e A t h ar v a h y m n s w e re n o t al r e ady
i n e x i ste n c e w h e n t h e co m p il at i o n o f t h e B ik t o o k p l ac e .

Th e i r ch arac te r w o u l d b e g r o u n d en o u gh fo r t h e i r
r ej e c t i o n an d e x c l u si o n fro m t h e can o n u n t il o t h e r
h an ds w e re fo u n d t o u n de rt ak e th e i r se p arat e gath e r i n g
i n t o an i n de p e n de n t co l l e ct i o n Pr o fesso r We b e r al so
.
’

o b se r v e s : T h e o r i g i n o f t h e A t h ar va S am h i ta d at e s -

fro m t h e p er i o d w h e n B r ah m an i sm h ad b e c o m e do m i
n an t . I t is i n o t h e r r e sp e c ts p e rfec t ly an al o g o u s t o t h e
R ik-
S a m h i t a a n d
, c o n t ai n s t h e st o r e o f so n
g o f t h i s

B rah m an i cal e p och M an y o f th ese so n g s ar e to b e

.

fo u n d al so i n t h e l ast t h at is t h e l e ast an c i e n t b o o k o f
,

t h e R ik Sam h i ta -
I n t h e l atte r t he y are t h e l at e st
.

ad d i t i o n s m ade at t he t i m e o f i ts c o m p il at i o n ; i n t h e

A t har van t he y ar e t h e p ro p e r an d n at u ral u t t e ran c e o f

th e p rese n t T h e sp i r i t o f t h e t w o c o ll ec ti o n s is i n d e e d
.

w i de l y d i ffe re n t I n t h e R ik t h e re b reat h e s a li v e l y
.

nat u ral fee li n g a w ar m ,

l o ve fo r n at u re ; w hi l e i n t h e
A th ar van t h e re p re v ail s o n t h e c o n t rar y
,
o n ly an ,

an x io u s d read o f h e r e v il sp i r i t s an d t h e i r m ag i cal

o w e rs I n t h e R i k w e fi n d t h e p e o p l e i n a stat e o f fre e
p .

act i v i t y an d i n d e p e n de n c e ; i n t h e A t h ar van w e se e i t

b o u n d in t he fe t te rs o f th e h i erarch y and su p e rsti t i o n .

VI PR I FA CB.

But t he A th arva Sam h i ta lik e w i se i

co n ta n s i c s of
-
p e e

r e at an t i q u i t y w h i ch m ay p e rh ap s h av e b e l o n g ed m o r e
g ,

t o t h e p e o p l e p r o p e r t o i ts l o w er g rades w h e r eas t h e
,

so n gs o f t h e R ik ap p e ar rat her t o h av e b e e n t h e p ro p

e rty o f t he h i gh er fam ili es I t w as n o t w i t h o u t a l o ng

.

st r u ggl e th at th e so n g s o f t h e A t h arvan w e r e p e rm i t te d

t o t ak e th e i r p l ace as a fo u rt h V e da Th e re is n o m en .

t i o n m ade o f th e m i n t h e m o r e an ci e n t p o rt i o n s o f t h e
B rahm anas o f th e R ik S hm an an d Y aj u s S t ill as
’
.
, ,

Pro fe sso r M ax M ull e r says t h e so n gs k n o w n u nder t h e

,

n am e o f t h e A t h ar v dn girasas fo r m e d p r o bably an ad di v

ti o n al p ar t o f t h e sacr ifi c e fro m a v e ry early t i m e Th ey .

w e r e ch i e fl y i n t e n ded t o co u n t eract t h e i n fl u e n ce o f an y
u n t o w ar d e v e n t t h at m i g h t h ap p en d u r i n g th e sacr ifi ce .

Th ey al so co n tai n ed i m p r e cati o n s an d bl essi n gs an d ,

var i o u s fo r m u l as su c h as p o p u l ar su p erst i t i o n w o u l d b e

su r e t o san c t i o n at al l t i m e s an d i n al l co u n t r i e s I f o n c e .

san c t i o n e d h o w e v er t h e se m ag i c ve rses w o u ld w i
, , g r o n

i m p o r tan ce n ay t h e k n o w l e dg e o f th e o t h er V e das w o u ld
, ,

n ecessar ily b e co m e u se l e ss w i th o u t t h e p o w e r o f r e m e dy

i ng acc i de n ts su ch as co u l d h ardly b e av o i ded i n so

,

c o m p li cat e d a cere m o n i al as th at o f t h e B rah m an s A s .

t hat p o w er w as b e li e v e d to r esi de i n t h e so ngs o f th e

A t h ar vangirasas a k n o w l e dg e o f th ese so n g s b e cam e
,

n e ce ssar ily an e ssen t i al p ar t o f t h e t heo l o g i cal k n o w l edge

"
o f A nc i e n t I n di a .

F o r fu rt h er info rm at io n R o th
’
see vo n s Li t t erat u r u n d Gesoh ich te
des Weds , pp 1.2, 1 3, an d h is A b h an dl un g fi b e r den A t h ar va-veda
;
Web er s’
H isto ry o f I n dian Literat ure ( T rub n er s Orien tal Series), p p
’
.

145— 171 Wh itn ey s art icl es in

’
t h e Jo urnal of th e A m erican Orien tal
 PR EFA OL V II

T h e A th ar va v eda San h i t ao r C o ll ect i o n is d i v i de d

-

into t w e n ty M ati as, B o o k s o r S ec t i o n s, c o n tai n i n g so m e

se v e n h u n d re d i y h y m n s an d ab o u t six t h o u san d
an d s x t

v e r se s I n B oo k s I — VII t he h y m n s o r p i e ces are ar

. . .

r an e d ac co rd i n t o t h e n u m be r o f t h e ir v erse s w i t h o u t
g g ,

an y r e fe r e n ce t o t h e i r su bj e ct s o r t h e n at u r e o f t h e i r

c o n t e n ts T h e h y m n s o f B o o k I co n tai n o n an av e rag e
. .

fo ur v e rse s e ach t h ose o f B o o k II fi ve t h o se o f II I . .

si x t h o se o f I V se v en t h o se o f V
. fro m e i gh t t o .

e i g h te e n t h o se o f V I t h r e e t h o se o f VI I m an y
. .

g p
si n l e v e rse s an d u w ards t o e l e v e n
, B o o k s VIII . .

XX co n tai n l o n ge r p i ece s so m e o f w h i ch e xte n d t o fi ft y

.
, ,

si x t y se v e n t y an d e v en e i gh t y v e rse s
, ,
I n B o ok s I . .

XII I th e co n te n t s are o f t h e m o st h e te ro ge n e o u s de
.

scr i p t i o n w i t h n o at t e m p t at an y k i n d o f sy st e m ati c

ar ran ge m e nt o f su bj e cts T h ey c o n si st p r i n ci pally o f

.

ray e rs fo r m u l as an d ch ar m s fo r p r o t ec t i o n agai n st e v il
p , ,

sp ir i ts o f al l so r t s an d k i n ds ag ai n st so rc er e rs an d so r
,

c are sse s d i se ase s sn ak e s an d o t h e r n o x i o u s cr e at u re s

, , , ,

o f b e n e di ct i o n s an d i m p re c at i o n s i n v oc at i o n s o f m ag i cal
,

h er bs p r ay e rs fo r ch il dre n an d l o n g li fe fo r ge n e ral an d
, ,

sp e c i al p r o t e ct i o n an d p ro sp e ri t y su cce ss in l o v e t rade , , ,

an d g am bli n g t o g e t h e r w i t h fo r m u l as t o b e e m p l o y e d in
,

al l k i n ds o f do m e st i c o cc u r r e n ces I n B o o k s XIV . .

XVII I t h e su bj e c ts ar e sy st e m at i cally arran g ed ; X I V

. .

t re at i ng o f m arr i ag e c e r e m o n i es ; X V o f th e
g l o ri fi ca .

t i o n o f t h e V r aty a o r r e li g i o u s w an de r i n g m e n d i can t

M ax M ul l e r s A n cien t San sk rit L it erat ure, p p 4 45

’
Societ y, V o l I V . . .

4 55 M u i r s O rig in al San s
'
k r it T ext ,
s I I pp 1 8 7 — 1 9 1 , an d 4
. 48 — 4 50 .

an d L u d w ig s De r R ig v ed a, 1 1 1 p p 28 , 29 o r C ham b ers s En cy cl o p e dia;

’ ’
. .

or th e En cycl op w di a Brit ann i ca u n der V eda .

V II I P R I F A CI .

'

XV I . an d X V II . of c e r tai n j i
co n u rat o n s XVIII . of

f u n er al i t e s an d t h e o fi e ri n of o b se q u i al cak es th e
'

r
g to
M an es o r sp i r i t s o f d e par t e d XIX
ance st o rs . Book .

c o n tai n s a so m e w h at m i sce ll an e o u s co ll ec t i o n o f su p p l e

m en tary h y m n s B o o k XX co n si st s
.
— w i t h t h e e x ce p t i o n
.

o f w h at i s call ed t h e Ku n tfi p a S e c t i o n co m p r i si n g ,

h y m n s 1 27 — 1 36 — of i a dd d t I n dra an d
p ece s re ss e o

t ak e n e n t i re ly fro m t h e R i gv eda Th ese t w o B o o k s .

,

w h i c h are n o t n o t i ce d i n t h e A th arv a v eda P ra t isa k h ya-

— a r am m at i cal t re at i se o n t h e h o n e t i c c han g es o f
g p
w o rds i n t h e t e x t — are m an i fe st ly a l at er add i t i o n t o t h e

C o ll e ct i o n M an y o f t h e A th ar v a h y m n s reap pe ar in t h e
.

R i g v ed a abo u t o n e se v e n t h o f t h e C o ll e ct i o n so m e ti m e s
,
-
,

u n c h an g e d an d so m e t i m es w i t h i m p o rt an t v ar iat i o n s ,

b e i n g fo u n d i n t h e o l de r co m p il at i o n I n t e rsp erse d in .

s e v e r al o f t h e B o o k s ar e i e c e s o f v ar yi n l t h
p g e n
g c o n

si st i n —
o f c u r i o u s co s m o o n i cal an d m y st i c o t h e o l o i cal
g g g
s e c u l at i o n s w h i ch are n o t w i t h o u t i n t e r e st as co n tai n
p
i n g t h e g e r m s o f r e li g i o u s an d p h il o so p h i cal d o c t r i n e s
afte r w ar d s f u lly de v e l o p e d i n t h e B ra h m anas and U p a s

n ish ads .

I n t h i s st ran g e ll e ct i o n o f h ete ro ge n eo u s m at e ri al
co

t h e re i s m u ch t h at is o bsc u r e m u ch t h at is u n i n t e l lig i
,
.

b l e m u ch t h at is i n t o l e rably t e di o u s an d n o t a l it t l e
, ,

t hat i s o fi e n sive an d di sg u st i n g t o E u r o p e an t ast e

'
Y et .

t h e sp i r i t u al p o r t i o n s o f t h e w o rk h av e so m e t i m e s a
str an e be au t y an d ran de u r o f t h e i r o w n w h i c h at t rac ts
g g
an d fasci n ate s t h e o r t h o do x H i ndu w h il e t h e o ccasi o n al ,

li m p ses o f li g h t w h i ch i t t h ro w s u o n th e daily li fe
g p ,

t he to il s and p l easures th e h c pes and fears t h e j o ys and

, ,
 rum or : I!

so r ro w s o f the av e rage m an i n v ests it , I th i n k , fo r th e

E u ro p ean r e ade r i
w th re ate r an d m o re hum an i n t er est ?
g
t han is p osse sse d by m o reth e i
an c e n t V e da . Se t t i ng
asi de t h e r i val r i e s, w ars, an d co n q u e st s of k i n gs an d

p rin ce s, an d the l o fty cl ai m s an d p o w ers o f th e h ie

rarchy , w e m ay fo ll o w t h e co u r se o f t he m i ddl e cl ass -

A ryan s li fe fr o m th e cradl e t o t h e fu n er al p i l e an d
’
,

e v e n acc om pan y hi m t o h is fi n al h o m e i n t h e w or l d o f

th e D e p ar ted .W e h ear t h e b e n e di ct i ve ch arm p ro

n o u n c ed o v e r t he e x p e ctan t m o t h e r b e fo re h e r ch il d i s

bo rn t h e b lessi n g o n the ne w b o rn i n fan t an d in du e

,
-
,
.

t i m e o n th e darli n g s fi rst t wo t e et h
-
’
W e atten d t h e
.
.

so l e m n c ere m o n y i n w h i ch t he y o u th is i n v est ed w i th .

h is toga vi a t he n e w gar m e n t w ho se assu m p t i o n

sig n i fi e s hi s r e co g n i t i o n as an ad u l t m e m b e r o f th e fam ily

w i th n e w r e sp o ns i bi li t i es an d n e w d u t i es t o p e r for m A s .

h is fan cy t u r ns to t h o ug h ts o f l o v e w e he ar hi m m u r ,

m ur i n g t he ch ar m w h i ch shal l w i n hi m t he m ai de n o f
i

h is ch o i ce an d the l u ll aby w h i ch sha ll seal e v ery eye

,

b u t h ers i n h is b e l o v e d s h o u se an d e n able hi m t o v i si t
’

her w i th o u t d et e ct io n or su sp i c i o n W e fo l l o w h i m in h is
.

fo r m al and so m e w h at u n ro m an t ic w o o i n g o f a b r i de
th ro u gh a fr ie nd w h o act s as m at ch m ak e r -
w e se e t h e
i l ce ssi on and t h e b r i de s
’
nu
p t a p r o i n t rod u ct io n t o h er
n ew ho m e w e h ear h e r be ne dic t i o n on t h e b r i de ro o m
g ,

an d the e p i thal am i u m p r o n ou n ce d o ver t h e w edded p ai r .

T h e y o u n g h u sban d is an ag r i cu l t u ri st an d w e see h i m ,

i n h is fi el d su p e r i n te ndi ng t h e p l o u g h m e n an d p rayi n g
t o I n dra and Push an an d the G e n ii o f ag r i cu l tu r e t o
bl ess th eir l abo urs A n on w i t h p ro p i tiatory p ray er h e
.
, ,
 PH PA OI .

is cu tt n g a n ew ch ann e
i l t o b ri ng th e w ate r of th e bro o k
t o t h e l an d w h i ch is ready fo r i rr i gat i o n o r h e is p ray

i ng fo r rai n an d an ab u n dan t cro p A g ai n w h e n t h e

.
, .

co rn is r i e h e is b u sy am o n
p g t h e m e n w h o
g a t he r in

t h e h ar v e st i n v o k i n g t h e aid o f t h e g o o d n at u red g o b
,
-

—
l i n s t h e co u n t e r p ar t s o f o u r R o bi n Go od fe ll o w s an d

l e av i n g o n t h e g ro u n d so m e sh e ave s t o re m u n e rate t h e i r
t o il
. A t su n se t h e su p e r i n t e n ds t h e re tu r n o f t h e
.

c o w s w h o h av e b e e n razi n u n der t h e p r o t e ct i o n o f th e
g g
W i n d G o d i n t h e b ree zy p ast ures an d t h e i r r e t u r n u n
-
,

d e r d i v i n e g u i dan ce an d t h e re u n i o n o f al l t h e m e m b e r s
,
-

o f t h e h o u se h o l d are c e l e b rat e d w i t h sy m b o li cal m i x t

,

o bl at i o n w i t h m il k an d a br ew o f r ai n
, g .

H is w e al t h an d fam ily i n crease in answ er t o h is re p eat

e d p r ay e r fo r c h il dr e n an d r i ch e s an d a n e w h o u se m u st
,

h e b u il t o n a l arg e r scal e T h e b u il di n g is e r ec t ed u n de r
.

t h e car e fu l ey e o f t h e m ast e r an d bl e sse d an d c o n secrat

e d w ith r ay e r s t o t h e G o ds an d to t h e Q u ee n o f t h e
p
H o m e T he m i st ress o f t h e h o u se b r i n gs fo r th t h e w e ll
.

fi l l e d p i t ch e r al l p rese n t ar e regal e d w i th th e st ream o f

,

m o l te n b u t t e r bl e n t w i t h n e ctar — w h i ch see m s t o b e a
’

e u p h e m i st i c n am e fo r so m e so rt o f go o d l i q u o r an d t h e

h o u se h o l de r e n t e r s an d tak es fo r m al p o sse ssi o n o f h is

n ew d w e l l i n w i t h fi re an d w ate r t h e t w o m o st i m p o r t
g ,

an t n e cessar i e s o f h u m an li fe . T h e h o u s m re o v e r a
e o ,
—

w o o de n b u il di n g w i t h a t h at c h e d r o o f — h as b e e n sp e ci
al ly assu r e d agai n st fi r e by a p ray e r t o A g n i t h e G o d o f

t h at e l e m e n t w i t h t h e add i t i o n al se c u r i ty o ffe r e d by t h e

i m m e di at e n ei gh b o urh o od o f a go o d str eam o r p o o l o f

water .
 P R E FA C E . I I

S u ch , o r so m e th n g
li k e t h i s w as th e o r di n ary li fe
i ,

o f t h e av e ra e m i ddl e cl ass a i l t i t A d t
g g r c u u r s e v o u
-
.

b e li e v e r in t he G o ds h e did n o t sp e n d h is su b stan ce o n
,

t h e pe r fo r m an ce o f c o st ly sacr ifi c e s b u t w as c o n t e n t ,

w i t h si m p l e ce re m o n i e s an d su c h h u m b l e o fi e r i n g s as h e
'

c o u l d w e ll afi o r d H is ch i e f care w as fo r t h e h e al th an d
'

w e l l b e i ng o f h i m se l f h is w i fe ch il d r e n an d de p e n de n t s
-
, , , ,

fo r p l e n t i fu l har v e sts an d fo r t h r i v i n g an d m u l t i p lyi n g

,

cat t l e an d t h ese w er e t h e bl e ssi n g s fo r w h i ch h e m o st

fre q u e n t ly p ray e d H is c h i e f t r o u bl e s w e r e an o cc asio n al

.

t o u ch o f m al ar i a] fe v e r o r r h e u m at i sm a l ate o r scan t y ,

rai n fal l a st o r m t h at l o dg e d h is r i e b ar l ey l i h t nin

p g g
-
, ,

t h at st ru ck h is cat tl e an d si m il ar m i sch an ce s cau sed by

,

t h e an g e r o f t h e G o ds o r t h e m al e v o l e n c e o f de m o n s
an d h e w as al w ay s ar m e d w i t h p r a y e r s an d s e ll s
p
agai n st t h e r e cu rr e n ce o f su c h di sast e rs H e w as a m an .

o f i m p o rt an ce i n h is v ill ag e an d w h e n h e at t e n de d t he
,

—
A sse m b l y w h i ch m ay h av e b e e n a k i n d o f M u n i c i p al
—
C o m m i tt e e o r Pari sh C o u n cil h is great am bi t i o n w as t o
co m m an d r e sp e ct an d at t e n t i o n as a sp e ak e r an d w i t h ,

t h i s v i e w h e fo r t ifi e d h i m se l f w i th ch ar m an d m ag i c h e r b
t h at i n sp i r e d e l o q u e n ce an d e n abl e d h i m t o o v e r p o w e r
h is o p p o n e n ts i n de b at e H i s li fe o n t h e w h o l e w as
.
, ,

so m e w hat m o n o t o n o u s an d d u ll b u t it se e m s t o h av e
,

su i t e d h i m as h e w as c o n t i n u ally p rayi n g t h at i t m i g h t

b e e x t e n de d t o i ts fu ll n at u r al d u rat i o n o f a h u n dr e d
y ear s A t th e e n d o f th at t i m e w it h h is so n s an d his
.
,

so n s c h il d r e n aro u n d h i m
’
h e w as r eady t o p ass aw ay to
,

t he fe li ci ty t hat aw ai te d h im i n t he w o r l d o f t h e F at he r s .

T he sm a ll m er ch an t o r tr ade r li v ed a l ess se tt ed
l
X[ I PR E FA C E .
“

li fe an d saw m o re o f th e w o rl d t h an th e agri c u l tu ri st .

W e see h i m o n t h e p o i n t o f st ar ti ng o n a j o u r n ey fo r
b usi n e ss p u r p o se s w i th h is li t t l e sto ck o f g o o ds H e .

fi rst p r o p i t i ate s I ndra w ho is a m e rch an t al so th e Go d ,

.

w h o t rade s an d t raffi cs w i th h is w o rsh i q u i i

pp e rs re r n
g ,

an d rec e i v i n g p ray e r an d o bl at i o n s i n e x ch an e fo r t h e
g
blessi n gs w h i c h h e se n ds an d w h o w ill n o w free t h e
,

t rave lli ng m e rchan t s p at h fr o m w ild beasts ro bb e rs

’
~
, ,

an d e n e m i es o f e ve ry k i n d H e pr ays al so t o m an y
.

o t h e r d e i t i e s t h at h e m a m a k r i ch fi t an d a i n a
y e p r o
g
h u n dr ed t re asu re s and co m m i ts t h e car e o f h is ch il dre n
,

an d c at tl e i n h i s ab se n ce t o A n i t h e G o d o f al l A ry an
g
m en . H is r i t u al is an e xt e n si v e o ne as h e m ay be abo u t
to j o u r n e y t o al l p o i n ts o f the co m pass and h e m u st ,

acc o rdi n g ly co nc iliate al l th e d i v i n e W ar de rs o f th e

he av e n ly re g i o n s H e h as to re ci t e so m e t e n h y m n s o f
.

B oo k V I i n v o k i n g t h e aid o f al l pr o te c ti ng de i t i es n o t
.
, ,

fo rg e t ti ng to co n su l t t h e W e at h e r P ro p h e t an d t o o b tai n -

fro m h i m t h e p ro m i se o f au sp i cio u s m o r n i ngs n o o n s an d , ,

n i gh ts H e bi ds an affec t io n ate fare w el l t o t h e h o u se s

.

o f h is v illag e an d de p art s o n h is w ay e nc o u rag e d by t h e

,
.

h y m n w h i c h e n su re s h im a safe an d su c ce ssful j o u rne y .

I n du e t i m e h e re t u r n s h av i n g bat t er ed h is w are s fo r t h e
t re asu r e s o f d i stan t p l ace s for bde lli u m an d o t he r ,

frag ran t gu m s an d u n g u e n ts, fo r K u sh tha and o t he r

fo re ign p l an ts an d drugs o f h e ali ng vi rt u e , fo r m o t h er - o f

a l o r n am e n t s fo r th e wom e n, and e rha s cl o th o f

p e r , p p
fi ner w o o l .

T he m e rch an t s o
’
bj ec t li fe is gai n an d he is n o t
in ,

al way s ve r
y scru p u l o u s in h is deali ngs I f h e is in deb t
.
 PR EF A CE . Il l
'

h ew o u l d p re fer t o b e free d by t h e i n te r v en t i o n o f a G o d ,
an d n o t by h is o w n e xe rt i o n s ; an d h e i s b o l d e n o u g h

e ve n to p ray fo r r e l e ase fro m de bt s w h i ch he h as i n c u r re d

w i th o u t i n t e n d i n g t o p ay t h e m H e is p r o bably t h e
“

g am ble r w ho p ra s y fo r su ccess i n p l ay , an d fo r pardo n

w he n h e h as be en g u il ty o f ch e at i ng .

We n atu r a lly l e ss o f t he li fe o f w o m e n
see m u ch

i n t h e A th ar va v e da b u t a fai r p ro p o rt i o n o f t he h y m n s
-
,

is de v o te d t o t he m an d t h e i r i n te r e sts W e fi n d i n te r .

sp e rse d am o n t h e m t h e l o v e c h arm s o f e n am o u r e d m ai d
g
-
,

e n s t h e B r i de O rac l e o r c er em o n y o f fi n d i n a h u b and
, g s ,

t h e n u p t i al p r o ce ssi o n an d th e b r i de s e n tr y i n to h e r
’
,

h u sban d s h o u se as it s h o n o u re d m i st r e ss t h e e p ith a
’

l am i an b en e dic ti o n an d m an y sp e ll s an d c h ar m s t o e n su re
, v

h e r safe ty an d w e ll b e i n g T h e m i st re ss o f t h e h o u se h o l d
-
.

h ad h e r share o f du t i es care s an d tro u bl e s as w e ll as

, ,

h e r q u i e t j o y s an d p l easu re s an d sh e so m e t i m e s l au n c h es
,

a fu r i o u s an d r e v e n g e fh l i m r e cati o n ag ai n st h e r n u
p ~

fai t h fu l h u sban d and w i t h a so l e m n i n can tat i o n i n vo k es

,

deat h an d de str u ct i on u po n h e r su ccessfu l r i val s .

T h e t e xt o f t h e A t h ar va v eda, -
w thi ‘
so m e am e n d

m en t of th e b v i o u s fal se re ad in gs o f t h e
n u m e ro u s an d o

m an u scr i p t s an d so m e at te m p t s t o br i n g sen se o u t o f
,

t h e u tt er n o n se n se w h i ch co n st i t u te s p art o f t h e l ast t w o
b o o k s w as p u bli sh ed at B er li n i n 1 8 56 by Pr o fe sso r s
,
’

, ,

R u do l f v o n R o th an d W D Wh i t n ey T h e i n te n t i o n
. . .

o f t h e se dist i n u i sh ed sch o l ars w as t o re p ar e an d u b

g p p
l i sh a seco n d v o l um e co n tai ni ng co m p l et e i n de x es n o t e s , ,

an d transl ati o n C ircum stan ces have u n fo rtu nate l y

. , ,
 XI V PR EF A CE .

r e v en te d th e fu ll e x e cu t o n o fi th i s p roj ec t ; b u t a m ost
p
l
v a ua b l e p o r ti o n of the i n t e n de d w o rk , Pro fe sso r
W h i t n ey s I n d e x ’
V e rb o r u m to th e P u b li sh e d T e xt ,

ap p eare d in 1 88 1 as V ol . XII . of t h e J o u r n al o f t h e
A i
m e r c an O r i e n tal S o c i e ty .
!
T h e S au n ak i yaC h atu ri
d b yfiy ik a o r t h e A t h ar va da P rat isAk h y a, t e x t , t ran s
-
ve

l at i o n an d n o te s, w as u bli sh e d by P r o fesso r W h i t n e y ,
, p
i n 1 8 62, i n V o l . V II . of t he sam e So ci e t y . O f the
tw o e x st n i i i tu al S utras of th i s V e da, an ll e n t
g r e x ce

ed i ti o n of the Kausi k a ,
w thi e x tract s fro m th e co m

m en t ar i e s o f D ar il a an d Ke sav a h as b e e n b r o u g h t
,
out,

as V ol . XI V . of the i O r i e n tal
J o u rn al of th e A m e r can

S o c i e ty by P ro fe sso r M au r i ce B l o o m fi e l d ; an d D r
,
.

R i ch ar d Garb e h as p u bli sh e d a care fu l e d i t i o n o f th e t e x t

o f t he V ai t fi n a w i t h cr i t i c al n o t e s an d i n de x es fo ll o w e d
, ,

by a co m m e n t e d t ran sl at i o n o f t h e w o rk A n A n u k ra .

m ani o r I n d e x t o th e A t h arv a v e da i s e xt an t I am -
.

i n de b te d t o M r W H W r i gh t P r i n c i p al o f Q u e e n s
. . .
,
’

C o ll e ge B en are s an d t o t h e Lib rar ian of t h e San sk r i t

, ,

C o ll e g e fo r th e l o an o f a c o p y o f t h is w o rk b o rr o w e d
,

fr o m a ge n t l e m an o f B e n ar es .

P o rt i o ns o f a C o m m e n tar y ascr —
ibe d b u t wi th o u t
su fli c ie n t au t h o r i ty — t o Sayana, w e re d i sco v e re d, so m e

fo u r t ee n y e ars ago b y R 50 , B ahad u r S h an k ar P an d u ran g

P an di t , o f B o m bay an d ,
h av e be e n p i
r nte d, b u t n ot

Sin ce t h e ab o v e w as w r it t en , Pro fesso r W h it n ey , t o t h e great l oss

of San sk r i t l it e rat u re , h as p assed aw ay to t he Fat h om I l earn fro m a .

n o t ice o f h is l i fe an d l ab o u rs re ri n t e d fro m th e N e w Y or k Na ti o n t h at
p
h e h as l eft in m an u scr ip t n earl y read y fo r t he p ress an an n o tat ed t rans
l ati o n o f t h e A t har va-veda, w h i ch w il l , I h o p e, soo n b e p u bl ishe d .
XV I PR E FA C E

t w o h u n d re d an d th i rty o f t he m o st im p o r tan t hym n s .

Dr G r ill i n h is H u n de r t Li e de r de s A t h ar va ved a h as
.
-

t ran sl at e d an d an n o tat e d o n e h u n d re d M V i ct o r H e n ry . .

h as p u bli she d a t ran sl at i o n an d c o m m e n t ary o f B o o k s

V I I an d XIII . H e r r Fl o r e n z h as p u bli sh e d a v e r si o n
.

o f ab o u t h al f o f B o o k V I D r L u c i an S c h e r m an h as
. .

t ran sl at e d an d e l u c i date d t h i rt e e n o f t h e p h il o so p h i cal

h y m n s c h i e fly fr o m B o o k s X XI XII I an d XIX
,
.
, , .
,

an d Pr o fe sso r M au r i c e B l o o m fi e l d h as t h o r o u g h ly d is

c u sse d an d p ar t ly t r an sl at e d se v e n h y m n s o f B o o ks
I I I an d V I i n t h e A m er i can J o u r n al o f P h i l o l o gy
.
,
.
,
.
,

V ol . V II . 4 .

I be e n abl e t o o b tai n a co p y o f H e r r
h av e not

Fl o re n z s w o rk b u t w i t h t h i s e x ce p t i o n I have de ri v ed
’

t h e g re at e st p o ssibl e b e n e fi t an d assi st an c e fr o m al l t h e
t ran sl at i o n s an d c o m m e n t ar i es t h at I h ave m e n t i o n e d ,

a n d I r e ad i l y an d t h an k fu lly ack n o w l e dge m y g e ne ral

i n de b t e d n e ss to t hei r au t h o r s i n d e p e n de n t ly o f an d i n ,

add i t i o n t o s pe c i al re fe r e n ces i n m y n o te s an d I n de x p f
,

N am e s E tc I n e ed hard ly say t h at t h e g re at S t
, . .

Pe t e rsb u rg Le xi co n h as b ee n co n stan t ly r e fe r re d to as ,

w e ll as t h e d i c t i o n ari e s o f Si r M M o n i e r W illi am s an d .
-

P ro fe sso r M acdo n e ll vo n R o th s edi ti o n o f t he N ir u k t a

,
’
,

T h Z ach ar iae s e di t i o n o f t h e A n e k firt h asam g rah a

’
.
,

D e l b ruck s Das A l t i n di sch e V e r b u m an d t h e V e di sch e

’

S t u d i e n o f P ro fe ssor s P isch e l an d G el d n e r T h e I n de x .

V e rb o r u m e d i t e d by Pr o fe sso r W h i t n ey I h av e fo u n d o f
t h e v e ry gr e at e st se r v i ce P r o fe sso r Z i m m e r s A l t in dis
’
.

c h es L e b e n h as al so g reatl y assi ste d m e an d m uc h lig ht ,

h as be e n th ro w n u p o n o b scu r e p assag es by Pro fe ssor

 Par n ell . xm

Bl o o m fi e l d s edi tio n o f th e Kau sik a Sfi tra and Dr Gar b e s

’ ’
-
.

V aitan a S fi t r a-
.

M y p l an of t ran sl at i o n is t h at p re v i o u sly ado p t e d

in m i o f t h e H y m n s o f t h e R ig v e da an d sa m e
y v e rs o n s

V e da. W h il e ai m i n g e sp e ci al ly at c lo se fi de li ty t o t h e
l e tt e r an d sp i r i t o f t h e o ri g i n al I hav e e n d e av o u red to
m ak e m y t ran sl at i o n as re adab l e an d i n t e lli gibl e as t h e

nat u r e o f su bj e c t s an d o t h e r c i r c u m stan c e s p e r m i t I .

h ave al so at te m p t e d t o p re se r ve so m e th i n g o f t h e e x te rn al
fo r m o f t h e o r i g i n al hym n s by r e n de r i n g t h e m
.
— in
e n e r al o far as I fo u n d it p o s si b l e o r e x e d i e n t — i n
g , s p
syll abi cally c o m m e n su rate h e m i st i c h s an d v e rse s T he .

re vaili n m t re s o f t h e o r i i n al h y m n s are G a a t ri
p g e
g y ,

A n u sh tu p P an k t i T r ish tu p an d J ag ati co n si st i n g t h e
, , , , ,

fi rst t h re e o f t h re e fo u r an d fi ve o ct o syll abi c P adas o r

, ,

d i v i si o n s an d t h e l ast t w o o f fo u r h e n de ca
,
syll abi c an d

d o de casyll abi c Padas r e sp e c t i e ly v I n t ran sl at in g t h e

.

fi rst se t I h a ve e m p l o y e d c o rre sp o n di ng n u m b e rs o f t h e
c o m m o n o c t o syll abi c o r d i m e t e r iam bi c li n e an d i n t h e
,

se c o n d o f t h e o rd i n ary h y p e rc atal e c t i c bl an k v e r se li n e

an d t h e A l e x an dr i n a I h av e n o t at te m p te d t o r e r o du c e
.
p
t h e r hy t h m o r to n i c m et r e o f t h e o r i g i n al : su c h a t ask ,

su
pp o s i n
g i t s s a t i sfa c t o r y e x e c u t i o n t o b e
p o s sibl e w o u l
, d
r eq u i re m o re sk ill th an I n d m o r e t i m e an d
p o sse ss a ,

l abo u r t h an I c o u l d sp ar e fo r t h e p u r p o se M o re o v e r .
,

I h ave fo u n d it i m p o ssibl e t o car ry o u t u n i v e rsally m y

g e n e r a l p l a n o f t ra n s l at i o n P .a r t s o f t h e A t h a r v a v e d a -
,

fo r i n stan ce B o o k X V an d t h e
.
g re at e r
p o rt i o n o f
X V I are e n t i re ly i n p r o se an d hy m n s v e rse s an d p ar t s
, , , ,

o f ve r ses i n ro se are fo u n d i n o t he r B o o k s al so I t is
p .
XV I I I P R EFA C E.

no t p o ss ibl e ,P ’
ro feas
s so r W h i t n e y o b se r ve s t o d raw ,
‘

e v e ry w h e r e a sh ar p li n e b e t w e e n m e t r i cal an d n o n m e t r i -

cal m at t er ; r o se an d l o o se v e r se sli d e i n t o o n e an o t h e r
p
so m e t i m es i n a p e r p l e x i n m a n n er o r ar e m i x e d u i
g , p n
’
th e sam e st an za .

I can n o t co n c u d e
l i
bli cly e x p re ssi n g m y
w th o u t p u

d e e p o bligat i o n s t o M essr s E J Lazar u s . . C o of

. .

B e n ar e s fo r th e i r sp i r i te d lib e rali ty i n u n de r tak i n g o f

t h e i r o w n acco rd an d at t h e i r o w n r i sk t h e p u b l i cat i o n
o f a c o stly w o rk wh i ch is n o t li k e ly t o b e e c u n i ar ily
p
r e m u n e rat i ve .

R . T . H . G R IFFIT H .

K OT A GI R I N I LGI R I
, H I LLS

I st N ovem ber , 1 8 9 4 .
 H Y M N S O F T H E A T H A R V A V E DA —
.

B OO K T H E F I R S T .

H YM N I .

N ow m ay V fic h asp at i assig n to m e th e st re n
g t h an d
o w e rs o f Th o se
p
W ho , w e ar n g i ever y sh a
p e an d fo r m , t h e t ri p l e
se v e n , are w an de r i ng ro u n d .

T h e hym n , w h ich is in t ro d u ct o ry t o t he w ho l e Bo o k , is a p rayer

ad d ressed to V i ch as p at i fo r d i v in e h e l p , favo u r , an d il l u m in at io n T he .

m e t re is A n u sh tu p , co n sist in g o f fo u r eq u al o ct o sy l l ab ic p adas, d iv isio n s,

’
or q u art e r- v e rses . T he n am e m ean s, p e r hap s, th e A fte r ste p , b e
-

cau se l in e w as st am p ed reg u l arl y aft er t h e o t h er,

each
p o ssi b l b
y y t w o

ch o ru ses, eac h sid e tak i n g its t u rn see M M ii l l er, V ed ic H y m n s, .

Par t I p xcvi. . .

l V dchasp n ti o r, Lo rd o f Sp eec h t h e Go d o r Gen iu s o f h u m an l ife

w h i ch l asts as l o ng as t h e p o w e r o f s e e ch
p re m ain s in t h e b ody . T he
n am e occ u rs in X
1 66 3 : Press do w n t h ese m en , V i ch asp at i,
t h e Rig v eda, . .

( h h b l k
’
o r, O L o rd o f S p eec ) t h at t h ey m a y u m y p
s e a to m e ; an d
sta n zas 1 7 — 1 9 o f A t h arva— ve da I I I I are addressed t o t h is Go d X . .

In R ig ved a 1 X 26 4 . . an d 1 01 5 t h e. n am e is ap p l ied t o So m a as t h e
exh il arat in g drin k w hi c h m ak es m e n e l o qu e n t and in sp i res t h e so n g .

V i ch asp at i is cl assed in t h e N iru k ta am o n g t h e d eit ies of t h e fi rm a

m en t o r m idd l e sp h e re b et w een h eaven an d eart h . H is n am e , b e in g

co m o u n d ed w it h d ti i d i at es a m o re rece n t de ifi cat io n t h an t h at of
p p , n c

t h e gr eat Po w e rs o f N at ure w h ose p resen ce an d su p e rh u m an in fl u en ce

w e r e im m ed iat e l y seen an d fel t .

T ho se t h e Go ds i n gen e ral or t h e M ar ut s o r St o rm Go d s -
.

T he tr ip l e seven M i shap trl l t a fan cif u l e xpressio n fo r an in d efi n ite

'

n um b e r So tr i ll
. sap td v i sl tp u l m gakd , t h e t h ree t im e s se ve n b ri g h t
2 T H E 11 m m or [ B OOK 1 .

2 C o m e th e n agai n , V ae h asp at i, co m e w th i d i vi n e
i n t e l l ige n ce .

V aso sh at i , r e o se th o u h e r e In m e be K n o w l e dge
p p .
,

y e a, i n m e .

3 H e re , e v e n h e re , s
p r e ad sh e l te ri n g ar m s li k e th e t w o
b o w e n ds st rai n e d w i t h co rd .

T hi s l e t V Ac hasp at i co n fi r m I n m e b e K n o w l e dg e , .

y e a , i n m e .

4 V a c h as at i h at h
p b e e n i n v o k e d : m ay h e i n v i t e u s

i n r e p ly .

M ay w e ad he r e to S ac re d Lo re . N e ve r m ay I be
r e ft t h e r eo f .

a k of fi re ; an d tfi flt ed m ay a d
w l, t h h t h t i
s p r s rap t e p ea en s r ee m e s
se ve n
( R g a I 1 9 1 1 2,
i ved . . In A t h ar va v eda XI I I l 3 t h e M aru ts,
f
-
. .

w h o are said to fo rm n in e t ro o p s of se ve n eac h, are cal l e d t h e t r ip l e

'
tn sh ap td so m ar s tab, i n st ead o f t h e
’

se v e n , -
t h ri ce- t h re e sev e n an d
t hese p o w e rfu l deit ie s m a
y h e i n t e n de d h e re al so . Pro fesso r We b e r
w ou ld de ri v e t h e w o rd fro m t h e roo t sap , a se co n dary fo rm o f each , to
cl eave t o , t o fo l l o w , o f w h ich sap tu w o u l d b e t h e a t a t i i l a i
p s p r c p e p ss ve

u sed in t h e sen se o f co m b i n at io n , an d tr ielw p t ig h t t h e n m ean

m
t ri p l y co m b in ed, Go ds o f t h ree sp h e res, t h e t h ree
’
cl asses o f d e i t ie s w h ose

sp h ere s o f act iv it are t i l h a n , at m o s h ere fi rm am en t ,

y res p e c v e y e v e p or

an d eart h T h e St Pet e rsb u rg Dict io n ary t ran sl ates tr i shap td lt i n

'
. .

t h is passage b Du t ze n den , in do ze n s ’
y zu .

2 Vasoshp atz Lo rd w eal t h an d foo d, acco rd

’

of T reas ure, th at is, of

in g to Du rga, t he Co m m en tato r of the N ir u k ta . V asosh pat i is n ot

m en t io n ed el se w h ere in t h e V eda .

Kno wl edge gr atd m t h at w h ich was h eard ( f ro m t h e b eg in n in g),

the V eda, re vel at io n , or sac red k n o w l edge . A cco rd in g to t he S t .

Pe t ersb u rg Dict io n ary, Ge h iir, h eari n g , is

’
m ean t . T he N iru k ta X . 18
h as a t r am ayaM yyeva tam iam M m e , m ain tain m y sel f w i t h in m e ,
’

k eep m y b ody an d so u l t oge t h er , t hat I m ay en o y t he p ossessio n s o f j

w h ich t h o u, V aso sh p ati , art t h e co n t ro ll e r .

Bo o k I h as b e en
. excell e n t l y t ran sl ate d an d fu l l y an n o t ate d b y Web er
in I n d isch e St u d ien , I V .
pp 3 9 3— 4 30
. P ro fe sso r L u d w.ig , al so , h as

t ran sl at e d fi ft een o f t h e h ym n s in Der R igv eda, V o l I I I an d Dr Grill . . .

h as t ran sl ate d an d an n o tated fi ve .

 11m T H E A T H A R V A V E DA -
.
a

H Y M N II .

W 1: k n o w th e fath er of th e sh aft , Parjany a libe ral ,

n o u r i sh e r ,

K no w we ll h is m o th e r Pri th i vi , E ar t h w th i h er
m an i fo l d de si g n s .

2 D o t h o u , O B o w str i n g , ben d th yse l f ar o u n d u s

ym ak e m b ody st o n e .

Fi rm i n th y st re ng th dr i ve far aw a y m a lig n i ti es an d
h ate fu l t h i n gs .

3 W h e n c l o se ly cli ngi ng r o u n d the w o o d t h e b o w

, ,

st r i n si n s t ri u m h t o t h e sw i ft an d w h i z z i n a w
g g p g rr o ,

I n dra w ard o ff fr o m u s t h e sh aft t h e m i ssil e

, , .

T h is hym n is a ch arm again st acu t e d iarrh csa o r dy sen t ery T he .

m e t re is Dv ip adfi T rish tu p , co n sist in g o f t h ree p i das o r d i visio n s o f

.

e l e v e n sy ll ab l es eac h , in stan za 3, an d A n u sh tu p i n t h e rest .

1 P arj an ya der iv ed p ro b ab l y fro m an o r ig in al roo t p arj , to sp rin k l e

or m o iste n , is t h e rain cl o u d an d t h e d iv in e p o w er, o r God, t h at
-

an im at es i t, t h e ge n erat o r an d n o u rish e r o f p l an ts an d an im al l ife .

Par ja n
y a has b ee n iden t ifi ed w i t h t h e L it u an ian Pe rk im as, t h e God o f
’

t h u n de r : see M ax M u l l e r, I n dia, W h at can it T each u sl ,

pp 1
'
83 sqq . .

Se e al so T h e H y m n s o f t h e R ig veda, Ge n e ral I n d ex, fo r hy m n s add r essed

to t h is d e it y . j
Par an ya is call ed th e f a ther of th e shaf t o r arr o w , w h i ch
is to b e em l
p yo ed in t h e ch arm , o n acco u n t o f the rap id g ro w t h , in t h e
rai n y seaso n , of t h e yar d ( Sacch aru m Sara) , t h e reed o f w h ich arro w s
w ere m ad e , yar d m ean in g, l ik e t h e Lati n aru n d o , b o th reed an d arro w .

P ri th i v i fo r p ri thvi , b road Eart h p e rso n i fi ed as t h e m o t h er o f al l

b ein gs . Wi th her m u n zf o ld design s w it h h er co u n t l ess i n ve n t io n s

A cco rdin g to o t h ers bhd m
’

an d d i
’

p ro u ct o ns . var
p asam m ean s m an y

Cf t h e d aed al s
’ ’
shap ed , sen t in g Sp en se r s
’
p re m an y ap p earan ces . .

’
ear t h .

’
2 B o w str in g w h ich is t o b e t w ist e d ro u n d th e p at ien t s b o dy
d u r in g t h e re citat io n o f t he ch arm . S to ne : so u n d an d st ro n g .

3 T he w oo d : l it eral l y , t h e t ree , m ean in g t he b o w . I n dr a ad

d ressed as b e in g t h e God of b at t l e an d t h e ch ief t u t el ary de it y of the

A ryans .
 T H E 11 1 mm [ s o ar 1 .

i n its fl i g h t t h e ar ro w s p o i n t h an gs b e tw e e n
’
4 A s

e ar t h an d fi r m am e n t ,

S o stan d t h i s M u nj a g rass b e t w e e n ail m e n t an d

dy se n te r i c ill !
H Y M N II I .

We k n o w t h e fat h e r o f t he sh aft , Parj any a stro n g

w i t h h u n d re d p o w e rs
By t zis m ay 1 b ri n g h e al t h u n t o t h y b o dy l e t t h e
‘

c han n e l s p o u r t h ei r b u r th e n free ly as o f o l d .

4 H angs : l it er al l y, s t and s.

5 M u nj a gr ass m anj a ( Sacch arum M u n a) is a sost o f rush o r g rass j '

w h ich gro w s t o t h e h e igh t o f ab o u t ten fee t I t is used in b ask etf w o rk , .

an d t he m okhe m org i rdl e w o rn b y Br i h m an s is m ad e fro m i t I t .

Kau sika Sfi t ra, XXV 6, an d Dhfi l a s Co m m e n tary

’
ap pear s fr o m t h e - .

t h ere o n , t hat t h e h ead of a st alk o f M u nj a grass is to b e t ied w it h a

co rd , t hen , rh ap s, to b e susp e n ded fro m th e n eck o f t h e pat ie n t o r
pe

to be o t h e rw ise at tach ed t o h is b o dy . A s t he d isch arged arro w han gs

b e t w ee n h eave n an d ear t h , so th e i stan d b et w ee n t he pat ien t s
’
gr ass s to
ail m en t and den i e d, diarrh ea in an acu te fo rm , o r dys e n t e r , that is,
y
to p re ven t t h e ind isp osit i o n fro m d e vel o p in g i n t o se rio u s d isease . T he
w o rd deri de d, fro m to fl o w , d, has been tran sl ate d d i fi er en t l y b y
'

m ,

Pro fesso rs Lu d w ig an d Zim m e r, b u t t h ere can he n o d o u b t t h at Di r il a

co rre ct l y e xp l ain ed it by d iarrh o ea d yse n te ry
'

h as atsed ra, or . A cco rd

in g t o t he Kau rik a Sfi trs t h e p at ien t h as al so t o d rin k a m ixt u re
-

co n t t in in g eart h tak en f ro m a fi e l d an d a l u m p fu ll of an ts, an d is t o

be an o in t ed w it h sacri fi cial b u tt er, w ith ye t fu r t h e r t reat m e n t

m o l te n .

See r em ar k s o n t h is hym n b y P ro fesso r M aur ice Bl oo m fi el d ( to w h o m

in deb te d fo r an excel l en t ed it io n o f t h e Kau g ik a-S dt ra i n t he
w e are
)
A m e rican J o u rn al o f Ph il o l ogy , V o l V II p p 4 66— 4 69
. . . .

T h e h ym n is a ch arm again st co n st ipat io n an d su p p ressio n o f u rin e .

I t cl o se l y rese m b l es H ym n [ L in its ad o p t ion of t he fo rm u l a, We kno w

t h e fat h e r of t he shaft an d in t h e s
y m b o l ical d ischarge of t h e arro w
in st an za 9 . T he m e t re is Pank t i, co n sist i n g o f fi ve octo s
yl l ab ic p i das .

1 P arj an ya see p rece di ng hy m n , n o te o n stan za I . By thi s w it h

t h e aid of t h is ar ro w . Le t the han nel s p o u r
c m y t ran sl at io n o f t h e

l at t e r p art of t h is refrain is n o t l i te ral I n t e rram de e cta cadan t t u a j

cu m so n i t u bra, w o u l d , t h o u gh b arb aro u s, h e a cl o se r v e rsio n : 6113 is
an in te r j e ct i o n im ita t ive of t he so u n d o f a fal l in g su b st an ce.
 “
6 T H E g r ams or [ BOOK 1 .

9 E ve n as t h e arr o w fl i e s aw ay w h e n l o o se n e d fr o m t h e
ar c h e r s b o w ,
’

T hu s l e t t h e b u rt h e n b e di sch arg ed fro m c h an n e s l

t h at are ch eck ed n o m o re
’

HYMN IV .

A LO N G t h e i r p ath s t h e M o th e rs g o , i
s ste rs o f p i
r est ly
i n i str an ts
m ,

B l e n d i n g t h e i r w ate r w i th th e m e ad .

2 M ay y o n der W at ers n ear t he S u n o r th o se w h e re ,

w i t h t he S u n i s j o i n e d ,

S e n d fo r t h t h i s sac r i fi ce o f o u rs .

3 I call t h e W ate rs Go dde sses h i t h er w ard w h e re o u r

, ,

c at tl e d r i n k

T he stre am s m u st sh are th e sac rifi ce .

4 A m ri t is i n t h e W ate rs i n t h e W at e rs ba l m , .

Y e a t h ro u g h o u r p rai ses o f t h e Fl o o ds 0 h o rse s

, , ,

b e y e fl e e t an d st ro n g an d O y e k i n e b e fu ll o f , , ,

st re n
g t h .

9 T he ar r o w h ere, says t he Kau sik a Sfi t ra, XXV I 4 , {sham

-
. i
vi sr

ati , he ( the
j ) d isch arg es b o l i zin g t h ereb y t h e
’
o p e rat o r an arro w , sym

fre e passage o f t h e l oose n ed co n te n ts o f t h e st o m ach an d b l ad d e r o f t h e

p at ien t O t h e r o p e rat io a t b f m d an d a de co ct io n of
. n s re o e
p er o r e ,

m e dic in al h erb s is t o b e ad m i n ist ered .

S tan zas 1 — 3 an d th e fi rst l in e o f stan za 4 are t ak en fro m R ig ved a

'

I 23 1 6— 1 9, at t rib u t ed to t h e Bishi M edh fit i th i

. .

1 T h e M o the rs t he m at ern al Wat ers, t he J p n! » o r w at ers o f th e

fi rm am en t regarded asd ivi n it ies w h o give an d ch e r ish l ife Si ster s .

cl o sel y co n n ected w it h t h e p ri ests w h o o ifi ciat e at sac ri fi ces as w at e r is

m in gl ed w i t h t h e in redien t s o f t h e So m a l ib at io n
g W i th t he m ead .

m dd hu nd m dd h u m ean in g sw ee t n ess o r an y sw eet o r p l easant d r in k ,

esp ec ial l y, as h ere , t h e exp ressed j u ice o f t h e So m a p l an t .

3 T he str eam s t he d iv in e Wate rs o f t h e ocean o f ai r .

4 A m rit : n ectar, t h e d rin k of t h e Go ds t hat co n fe rs im m o rtal it y ;

or im m o rt al it y itsel f .
H YM N T H E A T E A R I A V E DA
'
-
. i

HY M N V .

Ys ,
W ate rs tru ly b r i n g u s bl i ss :
,
so h e l p ye us to
st re n p
g t h an d o w er
T hat w e m ay l o o k o n g reat de li g h t .

2 H e re g ran t t o u s a sh ar e o f de w , t h at M o st au sp c i i
o u s de w o f y o u r s,

Li k e m o t h e rs in th e i r l o n g i n g l o ve .

3 F o r y o u w e fai n w o u l d go t o h i m t o w h o se ab o de y e
se n d u s fo r t h ,

A n d , W ate rs, g i ve u s p r o c re an t st re n g th .

4 I p ray Fl o o ds t o se n d u s b al m
th e , t h o se w h o he ar
ru le o e r e c i o u s th i n s
’

p r g ,

A n d h ave su p re m e co n t ro l o f m e n .

In t he Rg i v ed a t h e p art l y co rresp o n-
d in g stan za is in t he P ura u sh i
ab
-

m et re, co n si st in g o f t h ree p hdas, t h e fi rst o f w h ich co n tains t w el ve, an d

th e secon d an d th ird e igh t sy l l ab l es each . T h e stan za h er e has . an ad

di t io n al octoay l lab ic p ads F o r t h e seco nd l in e o f t he st an za, as t ran s

.

’
l at ed abo v e, t h e read in g o f t he R igv eda is ap d m s td p r dsastay e dévd
bh aon ta odj l n ah Yea, b e ye po w erful , ye Go d s, to cel eb rat e t h e
W ate rs p raise T he m et re in stanzas 1 — 3 is Gi yatri, consist ing of
’
.

t hree oct osy l l ab ic p i d as or di visio ns .

T h e hy m n is tak en f ro m Rg
i ve da X . 9 1 —
. 3, 5, as crib ed t o Sin dh u
d vipa, so n o f A m b arish a, or t o T r isiras, so n o f T vash tar . T he sam e

stan zas fo rm a h ym n o f t h e S am av ed a ( I l xx 1 1 . . .

l Water s see t he p reced in g h ym n , no te o n stanza 1 . Gr eat del i ght

m ean ing, acco rdi n g t o t h e Sch o l iast , p er fect k n o w l edge o f Brahm a .

2 Dew r dsah ; an y fl u id, h ere m ean ing w at er .

3 T he p u rpo rt o f t h e stan za app ears t o b e — I f you direc t us an d

st re n gt h en us fo r t he wo rk , w e are ready an d w ill ing t o v isit an y w o r

sh ip p er o f u rs in w h o se h o use w e m ay f m sacr ifi ce in yo u r
y o
p e r o r

h o nou r . Gi ve us p r ocr ean t str eng th y e g i ve us p o w e r t o ge n e rate ,

t hat is, t o p rod uce o r p e rfo rm t h e sacri fi ce w hi ch m ay b e regard ed as
t h e o ffsp r in g o f t he o ffi c iat in g pr iest s. Pro fesso r Grassm an n t ran sl ate s?
t he p i da b y Ih r Wasser m ach e t k rii ft ig u ns Ye w ate rs m ak e u s
’
.

r fu l B h f f — i a h i i f i
p o w e .u t t e or ce o j u n n j a n y a t a , s g n y ng g en e r at io n,

p ro creat io n , sho u l d b e
p reser v e d P r o fe sso r. W e b e r t ra n s l at es t h e fi rst

l ine diffe ren t l y We hear yo u t h it her t o t h e m an who se hab itati o n

 8 TH E H YM N S or a
[ s o r r .

HYMN V I .

Tm: W ate rs b e to us fo r dri n k , Go ddesses , fo r o ur

aid an d bli ss :
L e t t h e m st re am h eal th an d w eal t h to u s .

2 W i t hi n t h e W ate rs— S o m a t h u s hath t o ld me— d wel l

al l bal m s t h at h e al ,
A n d A g n i , he w h o b l esse t h al l .

3 0 W at e rs , te e m w i t h m e di c i n e to k e ep m y bo dy safe
fro m h ar m ,
So th at I l o n g m ay se e t he S u n .

4 T h e W at e rs b l e ss u s, al l t h at i
r se in desert lan ds or
m arsh
p ! y oo s l
B l e ss u s t h e W ate rs d ug fro m eart h , bl ess u s t h e W ate rs
br o u g h t i n j ars, bl e ss u s t h e W at e rs o f th e R ai ns !
b e frien d Sa
’
s au t h o r it
’
ye .
y (
a
y ne C o m m e n t ary o n S i m e ve da I I u u . . .

1 0 3) su pp o rts t h is in terp re tat io n o f g am am a as cau sat i ve u go n a

.

yd m a b u t it is n o t in acco rd an ce w it h V ed ic use Be n tsy ( Die H ym nen .

des Si m s V eda) say s in n o te 2, p 223

-
I no w t ak e c r am gain as .

m ean in g t o g o ado rn i n g , t o go i n o rd e r to ad orn , to g l o ri f an d

y,
acco rd in g l y h e t ran sl at e s st an za 3 o f da t h is H ym n in t h e SAm a -
ve

Diese n e u re n erh eb en w ir, dessen H e rrsc haft ih r h u l dre ich se id, u n d

m ac h e t f r u ch t b ar, W asse r u n s We gl o r ify t h is m an o f yo u rs, th e
w h ose l o rdship ye be frien d, an d, Wate rs, m ak e u s rich in fru it My .

t h e st anza is b ased o n Lu dw ig tran sl at io n and Co m m

’
v er sio n o f s en tar
y
( De r R ig v eda, I p 1 8 9, . . an d IV p . .

T h e fi rst t h ree stan zas o f t he hym n are to be repeated b y Brahm ans

C o l eb roo k e s Essays, I On th e R el i
’
at t h eir m o rn in g ab l u t ions : see .

g io n s C e re m o n ies o f t h e H in dus .

St an zas 1 — 3 are tak en fro m Rg

i v ed a 9 4 , 6, 7 X
, t h.e t wo l
. at ter

b ein g re p eated fro m I 23 20, . . 21 , fo rm in g a co n tin uatio n o f H ym n

IV . of t h is Boo k .

2 Som a : t h e Go d ; t h e j u ice of t h e So m a p l an t p e rso n ifi ed an d

re gard ed as an al l - p o w e rf u l de it y . A gni t he Go d of fi re . See
H ym ns of Rg i v ed
t he
a , G e n e ral I n d e x, fo r b o t h d e i t ies T h e m ean in g .

is t hat t he p o e t , u n de r t h e in sp irat io n p ro d u ced b y d raugh ts o f So m a

ju ice , h as p erce iv ed t h at w at e r po ssesses h eal in g v irt u e, an d that t he

w ate rs of t he fi rm am en t — t h at is, cl o u ds— co n ta in p u rif ying and

h eal th givin g fi re
-
or A g ni in t he shape of l igh t n in g .
H YH N T H E A T E A R V A V E DA -
. 9

H YM N V II .

B R I NG th e Kim idi n h i t h e r, bri n g th e Y atu dhAna

de cl ar e d ,
F o r A g n i , Go d , th o u , lauded , hast beco m e
Dasy u s sl aug h te r e r
’
.

T h e hym n is a p rayer t o A gn i an d I n dra fo r t h e dete ct io n an d

destru ct io n o f ev il sp irits T he m e t re ch an g es in stan za 5 fro m A n ush
.

tup to T rish tu p w h ich co n sist s of fo u r pfids a o f e l even syll ab l es eac h .

M . M ii l l er exp l ains
‘
it s n am e T h ree— st e
p b y t h e fac t t hat t h e t h ree

l ast sy l l ab l es v v
,
w h ich fo rm t h e charac t erist ic feat u re of t hat
m e t re , an d m ay b e cal l ed i t s real v ri t t a o r t u rn, w e re au di b l y st am p ed
at t he e n d o f eac h t u rn o r st ro p h e V ed ic H ym n s, Part I p z e vr . . .

T h e h en dccasy l lab ic m e t re in w h ich I re n der t h e T r ish tu p stan za h ere

an d w he reve r it o ccu rs does no t p ro f ess to b e m o re t han a su b st it u t e

fo r t h e o r igi nal m e t re : re tai n i n g th e n um ber o f sy l lab l es, it do es not

at t em p t t o p reser ve t h e exact rh
yt h m of t h e T rish tu p w hich, I t hin k ,
is n o t sat isfact o ril y rep ro d u c ib l e in En gl ish v erse .

1 T he Ki m td i n : o n e o f a cl ass o f m al ig nan t spir it s. A ccordi n g to

t h e N iru k ta V I . 1 1 t h e w o rd o rigin al l y m eans o n e w ho go es ab ou t

Ki m idd n i m , Qu id l W hat l Ki m idam ? What

‘ ‘
cryi n g u nh e no w or

is th is ? Lit erall y, a qu id n un c ; a v il e an d t reach ero us spy an d in fo rm e r .

T he Yd t udhdna on e o f a cl ass o f ev i l sp i rit s, dem o n s, o r so rcere rs,

exp l ain ed b y Si yana as R t k shasas, b u t in t he V eda ap paren t l y d ist i n ct

fro m t h ose v io l e n t an d v o rac io us o g re s I n Big veda V I I 104 an d 87 . . X .

t h ere are t w o l o n g se ries o f im p recat io n s d irec ted again st R t k shasas

Danyu s sl augh ter er Dasy us is t h e gen eral
’
an d Y i tu dh i nas . T he
nam e o f a cl ass o f w e rf u l su p e rh u m an b ein gs host il e to Go ds an d
p o

m en , co m p r is in g t h e m al ign an t dem o ns of t h e air , t h e w it hh o l ders

of t he seaso n ab l e rain . I nd ra as t h e ch ief t u tel ary Go d o f th e A ryan s

i
is som et m es c a l l e d — a s A gn i is h er e — t h e s l ay er o f t h e D asy u

‘
T ho u ( I n d ra) fro m o f ol d w as t b o rn t o s t r ik e t h e D a sy us d ead
i veda I 51 6 H w ho cl ays t he Dasy us, H e, 0 is I ndra
Bg . . . e m en ,

d I I 1 2 1 0 T he nam e o f Dasyus w as al so so m et im es gi ve n to
Bg
i ve a . . .

the w i l d i n d ige no u s races w ho o pp o se d t h e i m m i grat io n o f t h e A ryan s

an d , l ate r, t o all p p
eo l e w ho d id not fo l l o w t h e V edic ritual o r ob ser ve

the m en t ial Brahm an ical ce re m o n ies .

10 T H E H YM N S or [ B OO K 1.

2 0 Jatavedas L o rd S u p re m e , , c o n tro ll e r o f o u r bo di es ,

t ast e
T h e b u t te r , A gn i , taste th e o il : m ak e th o u t he
Y at u dh fi n as m o u r n .

3 L et Y fit u d h an as m o u r n , l e t al l g ree dy Ki m idins
w e e p an d w ai l
A n d , A g n i , I n dra, m ay ye b o th acce p t t h i s sacrifi ce
o f o u rs .

4 M ay A g n i i
se z e u p o n t he m fi rst , m ay st ro n
g
-
ar m ed
I n dra dri ve t h e m fo r t h
L e t e v e ry w i ck ed so rcere r co m e h i t he r an d say H ere ,

am I .

5 L e t u s b eh o l d t h y st r e n gth 0 Jstav e das V iew e r , .

o f m e n t e ll u s t h e Y a
,
t u dh fi n as .

B u r n t by t h y heat an d m ak i ng de cl arat i o n l et al l
ap p ro ach th i s sac r ifi c e b efo re t h e e .

6 O Jstav edas se i ze o n th e m : fo r o u r advan tage art

,

t h o u b o rn
A g n i b e t h o u o u r m e sse n g e r an d m ak e th e Ya
,
tu
dh an as w al l .

7 0 A g n i , b ri ng t h o u h i ther w ard t he Y fit u dhan as

b o u n d an d ch ai n ed ,
A n d aft e rw ard l et I n dra t e ar th e i r h eads o ff w i th
h is t h u n der b o l t .

2 Jd taved as t h e w ise, t h e sap ien t ; a fre q uen t ly occu r r ing design a

t io n of A gn i see V ed isch e Stu d ien , I p p 94 , 95 . T he bu t ter : a
.
jy ;
a .

b u t t er m el t ed o r cl arifi ed, used fo r o b l at io ns, o r fo r p o u ri n i t t h

g n o e

h o l y fi re at t h e sacrifi ce , o r fo r an o in t in g an yt h in g sacrifi ce d ; so m e

ti m es al so o il an d m il k u sed i nstead o f cl ar ifi ed b u t t er at a sacrifi ce .

T he o i l tai l a o il exp ressed fro m t h e seeds o f t h e ti l a o r sesam u m

.

l an t ( Sesam u m I n d icum ) T h is o il w as n o t u su al l y o ffe red in o b l at io n

p .

b u t, b esides t h is special det ect i ve sacrifi ce, it ap p ears t o have b een

so m et im es u sed in sacr ifi ces t o t h e F at h ers o r M an es : see A th arva~

v eda X V II I . 4 32
. .

T h e h ym n has b een t ran sl at e d b y Lu d w ig, Der R igveda, I I I .

p.523:
H YM N TH E ”11 m m V E DA . u

H YM N V III .

T m s sac r i ce sh a fi ll b ri n g t h e Y fi t u dh anas as th e fl o o d
b r i n g s fo am
H l e t t h e de e r
e re of th i s deed, w o m an or m an ,
ac k n o w l e dg e i t .

2 T h i s o n e h at h co m e co n fe ss n g i al l : do y e i
r e c e ve h im
ea e r
g ly .

M aste r h i m th o u , B ri h asp at i ; A g n i an d S o m a, p i e rce

h im t h ro u gh .

3 O S o m a d r i n k er, str i k e an d b ri n g t h e Y fitu dh a

’
-
na s

p g ro en y
M ak e t h e co n fe ssi n g si n n er yes fall fro m h is h ead,
’
s e

b o th r igh t an d l e ft .

T he hy m n is a co n t in u at io n o f H ym n V II . T he sacri fi ce h as p ro ved
e ffect u al ( st an za an d a Y fit u dhfi n a o r so rcerer h as b ee n fo rced to
co m e fo r ward an d co n fess. T he m e tre chang es in st an za 4 fr o m
A n u sh tu p to T rish tu p .

1 T hi s deed so m e act o f so rcery . Wom e n or m an sorceress o r

so rce re r ; Y fi t u d h fin i o r Y fi t u d h ii na .

2 B ri hasp ati o r, O Lord o f Prayer Brihaspat i, al tern at in g w i t h

.

Brah m anasp at i, is t he n am e o f a de it y in w h om t h e act io n o f t h e w o r

sh ip p e r u p c n t h e go ds is n ifi ed H is t h e su p p l ian t , t h e p riest
p e rso e .

wh o in t ercedes w it h t h e go ds fo r m e n , an d p ro t ec ts th e m again st t h e
w ick ed .H en ce h e ap pears as t h e p ro t o typ e o f t h e p r iests an d t h e
p r iest l y ord er, an d i s al so d esig n at ed as t h e F u r c h t a [ g
H i h P r iest ] o f
t h e d iv in e co m m u n ity . T he esse n t ial d ifferen ce b e tw ee n t h e o r ig in al

idea t d i n t hi s God an d t h ose e xp ressed in m o st o f t h e o t h e r

re
p re se n e

an d o l d er de it ies o f t h e V ed a co n sist s i n t h e fact t h at t h e l at t e r are

p erso n ifi cat i ons o f v ari o u s depar tm e n ts o f n at u re, o r o f h

p y sical fo r ces,

w h il e t h e fo rm is t he p rodu ct o f m o ral ideas, an d an im p e rso n at io n

er

of t h e po w er o f devo t io n — M u ir, Or ig in al San sk ri t T exts, V 2 7 2

’
.
p . . .

F o r h ym n s ad dressed to Brihaspati an d Brahm anasp at i , see H ym ns o f

t h e Bigv eda, Gen eral In dex 1 .

3 Som a d r i n ker
-
I n dra, w h o is esp ecial l y t h e Lo rd o f So m a an d t h e
chief d r in k er o f l i b at io ns m ad e o f i t s j u ice Kn o wn as t h e So m a
dri n k e r, arm ed w it h t h u n der, w h o w iel ds t h e b o l t, H e , 0 ye m om
is I n dra [j igveda I I 1 2 1 3 T h is ap p e l l at io n o f In dra w il l b e fo u n d
"
‘

. . .
 '

T H E H YM N S or [ B OO K 1 .

4 A th o u , C A g n i J htav edas, k n o w est t he race s o f

s

t h e se se cre t g re edy b e i n g s,
S o st re n gt h e n e d b y t h e p o w e r o f p ray e r , O A g n i ,
c r u sh i n g t h e m do w n a hu n dred t i m es dest ro y th e m .

H Y M N IX .

M A Y I n dra, P fi sh an V aru na, M i t ra, A gn i , be n i gn an t

,

G o ds m ai n tai n t h i s m an i n r i c h e s
, .

M ay th e A di tyas an d t h e V i sv e De vas set an d su p

p o rt h im i n su re m est
p l u st r e .

in m ost o f the Rgi

m an y
v ed a H y m n s ad d ressed t o t h is d e it y R i gh t an d .

l ef t p ar u m -
até d e m am l iteral l y , u p p er an d l o w e r
'
Web er su gg ests .

t he p o ssi bil ity of Yi t u dhAn as b ei n g cred it ed w it h add it i on al e es

y .

T h e h ym n has b een t ransl ated b y Lu dw ig, De r R igveda, I I I p 523 . . .

T he o ccasion o f t h e h ym is an A b h ish ek a o r in au gu r at ion b y sp rin k l

n

in g or u n ct io n o f a m a or Kin g w ho app ears to h av e b een el ec ted

f ro m ani on g t h e m e m b e rs o f a p rin ce l y fam il y T h e m et re is T rish tu p . .

1 PM s a Go d w h o p ro t ect s an d m u l t ip l ies cat t l e an d h u m an

o ssessio n s ge n e ral l y I n ch aract e r h e is a so l ar de it , an d a i d

p .
y g u e o n

ro ads an d jo u rn eys . As a fo rm of t h e Su n h e b eh o l ds t h e en t i re uni

v erse . T he n am e is de ri ved fro m M to n o ur ish. Fo r h ym ns to

P fishan se e H ym ns o f th e R g veda, Gen eral
i
In de x 1 pi m ii T he . .

l di tyas lit eral l y, t h e so ns o f A d it i, I n fi n i ty o r Ete rn ity ‘

T h ere ( in .

t h e highest h eav en ) d w el l an d reign t h ose go ds w ho hear in co m m o n

th e n am e o f A d it yas . We m u st , h o w ev er, if w e wo u l d disco ver t he ir
earl ie st charac te r, ab an do n t he co n cep t io ns w hi ch in a l ate r age, an d

e ve n in t hat h ero ic p oe m s, w ere en te rt ain ed regard ing t h ese

of th e
de it ies A cco rd i n g to th is con cep t io n t h ey w ere t w el v e Su n go d s,
.
-

b earing e viden t refe ren ce t o t he t w el ve m o n t h s Bu t fo r t he m ost .

an ci en t p e riod w e m ust ho l d fas t t h e p ri m ary signi fi cati o n o f t h e ir

T h ey are t he in v io l ab l e, im p erish abl e, et ernal b ei n gs A dit i, .

e te rn i ty o r t he e t e rn al , is t h e el e m e n t w hich su staim th em an d is su s

tain ed b y t hem T he e t ern al an d in v io l ab l e el em en t in w hich t he

Adit yas d w el l , an d w h ich fo rm s t h eir essen ce, is t h e cel ea ial l igh t

T he Adit yas , t h e go d s of t his l igh t, do no t t h erefo re b y an y m ean s

co in cid e w i t h an y o f t h e fo rm s in wh ich l igh t is m an ifest ed in t he

14 T H E H YM N S or [ B OOK 1 .

2 H om a
g b e e
p ai d K i V a a t t h i a f
, n
g r u n ,
o n e n
g e r ; o r
t h o u , d r e ad G o d , d e t e c t e st e v e ry fal se h o o d .

I se n d a t h o u san d o t he r s fo r t h t o ge t her : l e t t h i s
t hy se r v an t li v e a h u n dr e d au t u m n s .

3 W h at e v e r fal se h o o d t h o u hast t o ld m u ch e vil sp o k e n ,

w i t h t h e t o ng u e ,

I libe rate th e e fr o m t h e n o o se o f V ar una t h e r igh t

e o u s Kin
g .

I fre e t h e e fro m V aisvfin ara fro m t h e gr eat su rg i n g ,

flood o f si n .

C all th o u thy b ro th ers A w fu l One ! an d a at

, p y
te n t i o n to our
p ra
y er .

H YM N XI .

V A sn A
r t o t
'
h e e , O P fi sh a n ! A t t h i s bi r t h l e t A r y a
m an t h e S ag e p e r fo r m as H o t ar ri e s t
p
-
.

A s o n e w h o b e ars i n se aso n l e t t h i s dam e b e r e ady

t o b ri n g fo r t h h e r c hil d .

b r il l ian t e xp an se ab o v e , h is feat u re s, m o re t h an t h o se o f an
y of t he
V ed ic go ds, h av e b eco m e co m p l e t e l y t ran sfi gu red , an d h e stan ds
b e fo re u s a go d w h o w at c h es o ver t h e w o rl d, p u n ish es t h e e v il d oo r, -

an d e ve n fo rg i ve s t h e sin s o f t h o se w h o im p l o re h is p ardo n M M ii l l er , .

I n d ia, W hat can it T each us l

‘

p . 1 95 .

2I sen d a thou san d o ther s f or th I in terced e fo r t his m an on l

y .

I re sign to t h ee all o t h ers to p u n ish as t h e n w il t .

3 T he n o ose b o rn e b y V ar u na as t h e m o ral Go vern o r of t h e w o rl d,

to e n t an gl e an d cap t ure t h e e v il d oer -
.

4 V azevd n ar a b e l o n g in g t o , or r u l in g al l ; h
m enere m ean in g
V ar u na C u l l thou thy br o th er s cal l t h e o t h er
. A d ityas t h at t h ey m ay
se e t h at t h o u h ast p ardo n ed t h e p e n ite n t an d resto r ed h im t o favo u r .

T h e h ym n has b ee n t ran sl ate d b y Lu d w ig, Der R igv eda, II I p 4 4 5 . . .

T he h y m n is a ch ar m to b e u sed at ch il d -
b irt h
T h e detail s g iv en
.

in stan zas 3— 6 are st r ict l y o b st et ri c an d n o t p rese n t ab l e in E n g l ish

se e A p p e n d ix . T h e t e xt ap p ears t o be m u t il at ed in so m e p l aces, an d

th e m et re is i rreg u l ar .

1 V deh at is a sacr ifi c ial e xcl am at io n u t t e red b y t h e H o tar o r ch ie f

p riest at t h e en d of t h e Yirjya or sacr ifi cial ve rse, w h ere u po n t h e

m u m m s A T II A R V A VE DA ‘
.
15

2 Fo u r are th e re g i o n s o f th e sk y , an d fo u r t h e reg o ns i
of the e ar t h

T he Go ds h ave bro u gh t t h e bab e l e t t h e m p r e p are

t h e w o m an fo r th e bi rt h .

H YM N XI I .

B o as fro m t h e w o m b , b ro u g h t fo r th fr o m w i n d an d
fro m t h e c l o u d th e fi r st r e d b u ll c o m es o n w ard
,

t h u n de r i n g w i t h t h e rain .

O u r b o di e s m ay h e sp are w h o , cl e av i n g , g o es strai gh t
on h e w h o , a si ng l e fo rce , d i v i de s h i m se l f i n t h r e e .

o b l at io n is cast in to t h e fi re b y t h e A dh v ary u , t h e p r iest w h o p e rfo rm s

th e p ract i cal part o f t h e cerem o n y 0 P d sh an : ad d ressed as t h e m u l t i
.

p l i e r an d n o u r ish er o f h u m an b e in gs : see I 9 l
. . . A r y am an : m ean i n g

t h e b oso m frien d , o n e of t he A dityas w h o is co m m o nl

y i n vo k ed to g et h er

w it h V aru na an d M it ra : see I 9 l
. . . H o tar p
-
ri est : o r H o t ar ; m ean in
g
t h e Sacrifi ce r ( f ro m h u , to sacrifi ce, ) or t h e I n vo k e r ( fro m h ve, t o cal l )
t h e ch ie f p riest w h o p resen ts t h e o b l at io n o r b u r n t o fi e rin g ,
‘

o r w ho

recites t h e p raye rs an d i n vi tes t h e Go d s t o at t e n d t h e sacri fi ce .

2 H ave br ought the babe : fro m t h ose d ist an t reg io n s . Cf .

‘
W h e re
d o yo u co m e fro m , b ab y, dear ? Ou t of th e e ver
y w h e re in t o h ere .
’

G Mac Do n ald : Bab y

. .

T he hy m n has b e en t ransl ated b y Lu dw ig, Der R ig veda, I I I p 4 7 8 . . .

T h is h ym n h as b ee n d iscussed b y Pro fesso r Bl oo m fi el d ( A m erican

J o u rn al o f Ph il o l ogy, V o l V I I p p 469 . w h o en t it l es i t a Pra e r
. .
y
t o Ligh t n in g , co n ce i ved as t h e cau se o f fe ve r , h ead ach e, an d co u g h s .

I t ap p ears t o h av e b ee n p l aced im m ed iate l y aft e r H ym n XI . si m l

p y
b ecause it b egi ns w it h t h e w o rd j ar dy uj eih, an d j ar ay a is t h e p e n u l t i
'

m ate w o rd o f t h at h y m n T h e m e t re is Jagat i, co nsist in g o f fo ur p fidas

.

l h
of t w el v e sy ll ab es eac , i n 1 — 3, an d A n ush tu p in 4 .

1 B or n f ro m the w o m b l it erall y, fro m t h e p l ace n t a ; t hat is, fro m

th e w o m b of th e cl o u d . B r ou gh t f or th f r om w i n d an d f r o m th e cl o u d
vd tabh r a j d e m en d ed o d td bhm b Bl fi l d T h r st r ed bu l l
e to j d e y oo m e e fi .

t h e l igh t n in g A cco rd in g to
. We b er, p u e rp eral fe ve r is m e an t — ‘
A
re d b u l l , t h e fi rst p ro d u ct o f t h e aft erb irt h , co m es o n t h un derin g w it h
rain , w it h gl o w in g b reat h of w in d .
’
e
r m s arm s o r [ p oor 1 .

2 B en d i n g t o t h ee w h o g cl in est to e ach li m b w th i h e at ,
fai n w o u ld w e w o rsh i p t h e e w i t h o ffe re d sacr ifi ce ,

W o rsh i p w i t h sac rifi ce t h e be nds an d cu r ve s o f t h e e

w h o w i t h a v i g o r o u s grasp h ast se i ze d o n t h is
’
o ne s li m bs .

3 Do th o u r e l ease th i s m an fro m h e adach e , fr e e h im

fr o m c o u h w h i ch h as e n t e r ed i n t o al l h is li m b s an d
g
j o i n ts .

M ay he , t h e il d o f c l o u d th e o ffsp ri n g o f t h e w i n d
ch , ,

th e w h i zzi n g li g h t n i n g st r i k e t h e m o u n tai n s an d
,

t h e t r ee s .

4 W e ll be it w i th m y u p p e r fram e w e ll b e it , w th i m y
lo w e r p ar t s .

W i t h m y fo ur li m bs l e t it be w e ll L et all . m y bo dy
be in h eal th .

H Y M N XIII .

H to t he e , t he Ligh t n i n g s fl ash , h o m ag e to
’
o u se s
t h e e , t h e T h u n d e r s ro ar !
’

H o m g e to t hee , t h e S t o n e w h i c h t h o u b ar l est
a
agai n st t h e u n de v o u t l

2 H om a e
g t o t he e , C h ild of the Fl o o d w h en c e t ho u
fe r v e n t h eat l
c o ll e c t e st

B e g raci o u s t o o u r bo di e s, g i v e o u r ch il dr en hap p i
n ess an d o y
j .

2 T hee Ligh t n ing .

I n t h e A n u k ram ani t h e h ym n is designat ed as a yakehm aadgan am

efl k tn m , a h ym n w h ich cu res co n su m p t i o n I n t he Kau f ik a Sfi t ra it
.
-

is e m p l o yed as a ch ar m again st t h u n de rst o rm s, an d in a p e rfo rm an ce

w h ich is descr ib ed b y t h e C o m m en t ato r Di t il a as a c ure fo r h ead ach e .

Fo r
’
fu rt h e r in fo rm at io n see Pro fesso r Bl oo m fi e l d s re m ark s re fe rr ed to
abo ve .

T h e h ym n is a p rayer t o Ligh t n in g pe rso n ifi ed an d deifi ed .

2 C h i l d of th e F l o od : sp r un g fro m t h e w ate rs o r w at ery cl o u d s o f

t h e ocean o f air A cco rd in g to o t h ers , C h i l d o f t h e H e i zh t , t h at is,
'

t h e fi rm am en t Fo r an e xh au st i ve d iscu ssio n o f t h e m ean in g o f p r o od e,

.

see Fisc h e l , V ed isc he S t u d ie n , II p p . . 63— 76 .

a rm n .
) w e “s u m m er . 17

3 Y es , ho m age b e to t h e e , 0 O fi s h F
‘

p rin g o f t e l ood !

H o m age w e p ay to t h e e , t h e dart an d fi e ry fl am e
F o r w e l l w e k n o w t hy secr e t an d su bli m e st h o m e ,
w h e re t h o u as ce n t ral p o in t ar t b u r i ed i n t h e se a .

4 T h o u A rro w , , w h ch t he
i ho st o f G o ds c reat e d , m ak

i ng it st ro n
g and m igh ty fo r t h e sh o ot n g ,
i
B e g rac i o u s, l au de d t h u s, t o o u r asse m b ly . T o th e e,
t h at A rr o w , b e o u r h o m ag e , G o ddess !

H Y M N XIV .

A s fr o m th e t ree a w re ath , h av e I assu m e d he r fo r

t u n e an d he r fam e

A m o ng he r k i n sfo l k l o n g m ay sh e dw e l l , lik e a
m o u n ta n i b ro adly based -
.

3 I n the sea in th e Ocean o f air .

4 T he host f G o
od s : al l t h e Go ds t o g e t he r . A ssembl y cong re

t i fo r sacrifi cial p u rposes

ga o n .

Professor Bl oo m fiel d h as sho wn ( A m erican o u rn al o f Ph i l o l og

y J
V ol V II p p 4 7 3 476) b y quo t at io n s fro m t h e R an sike S fit ra th at,
.
— . .
-

wh en that rit ual was com posed, t h is hym n Was regarded an d t reate d
not as a m arriage so ng, as We b er , Lud wig, an d Zi m m er have int e rp ret
ed Wo m an s incantat i o n
b ut agai nst a ri val Bu t, m ys
’ ’
it, as a .

Pro fesso r Bio om fi e l d , it seem s t o m e t hat t races o f a m ore original

‘

app li cat io n ar e n ot want ing T h e wo rd p i tzen ; t ran sl at ed ab o ve dou bt

.

ing l y b y w it h her re lati ves, m ean s nat u ral l y am o n g t h e fat h e rs or

’ ‘

T he t h ird stan za o f t he hy m n , co nside red in d epe n den t ly,

’
m an es .

wou ld b e M y cspl aiaed as on e ut tered at t he fu n eral of a m aide n,

and it seem p en ib l e t hat t he en t ire hym n represent s sim i l ar m at erial
sourewhat worked o ver for t h e occasio n
’
.

I T h e wom an wh o l
p y
o em
s the i n cant at i on speak s — ‘
I have tak en
to m yse lf th e t wreat h
fo rtu ne and fam e o f m y ri val
as one tak es a
fro m a t ree l o ng m ay d ie rem in a fi xtu re in he r re latives
’

ho rl se
f
’
. Z
W ebe r, im m er, and , apparen t l y, Lu d vtig assig n th e st an za to
‘
t h e b ridegro om hs r fo rt u n e m eaning t h e fort u n e of t h e b ride and
'

k in sfol k
’
i
p gt i'
eh u m ean i n g m y pare nt s; o r rat he r my .
18 T H E 17 m m or [ BOOK 1 .

2 K i ng Y am a , l e t th is m a i de n be su rr en de re d as a w i fe
t o t h ee
’
B o u n d l e t h e r b e m e an w h il e w i th i n h e r m o t h er s,
’
bro th e r s, fat h e r s h o u se ’
.

3 Q u ee n o f t h y rac e is she , 0 K i n g : t o t h ee do w e
d e li v e r h e r .

L o n g w i t h h e r k i n sfo l k m ay sh e sit , u n til h er h ai r

b e w h i t e w i t h age .

4 W i t h A si te s an d K asyap a s an d Gay a s i n can tat i o n ,

’ ’ ’

thus
A s si st e rs p ack w i t h i n a ch e st, I bi n d an d tie t hy
fo rt u n e u p .

2 T he w o m an h ereaft er t o Yam a, Kin g o f t h e

dev o te s h er ri val

Depart e d A cco rd i ng to Web er, Zim m er, an d Lu dw ig, t h e st an za is

.

t h e rep l y o f t h e b ri de s re l at i v es to th e b rideg roo m wh o is ad dressed

’

as k in g an d y am a, t h at is, co n t ro l l er, t h e w o rd b e in g d e ri ved fro m

y a m , t o r es t rain A cco rd i n g t
. o t h is in te rp re t at io n h e r m o t h er
’ ’
s

w ou l d b e t h y m o t he r s
’ ’
.

3 T h e in can tatio n is co n t in u e d Queen of thy ku l ap d ; g uard

‘

. r ace

ian of t h y h o u se Lu dw ig . T h y h o u sek eep e r Bl oo m fi el d H er

.

k i n sf o l lc i
p yt i sh u li t eral l y , fat h ers, m ea n
n i g the fat h er an d h is
b ro t h ers o r o t h er n ear rel at i v es T h e p ro n o un n o t exp ressed in t h e
.

t e xt , w o u l d b e t hy acco rdin g to t h e in t e rp ret at io n gi ven b

y W e b e r,

Lu dw ig, an d Z i m m er Un ti l her hai r be w hi te wi th age t his is a

.

j
co n ect u ral ren de rin g , su ggest ed in t h e St Pet ers b u rg Dict ion ary
. an d

ado p t ed do u b t i n g l y b y im Z m e r, of t h e p ro bab l y corru p t gam dp y d t

of t he t e xt A cco rd i n g t o
. W eb e r op yd t is t h e p recat i ve f ro m the
v e rb cap , to so w , d, t hat is, m ay she so w o r scat ter b l essin gs fro m
h er h ead . L u dw ig t ransl at es sim il arl y .

4 A nita, Kasyap a, an d Gaya are an cien t Bish is, t h e seers o r au th o rs

o f various hym n s o f t h e Big v e da I ncan ta ti on o r, p ra e r
y T h e . .

w o m an is st il l the sp eak e r . A ccord in g t o Web er , L u dw ig, an d

Z im m er, the st an za is t h e b ridegroo m

’
s rep l y . Z im m e r add s t h at t h e

si ster s are t h ose of t h e b ri de , w ho p ack h er do w ry w i t h in t h e ch est .

F o r d e tail s of t h e ce rem ony w h ich , acco rd in g to t he Kau sik a

S ii t ra, acco m p an i es th e re cit at io n of t h e h y m n , se e Bl oo m fi el d as

q u o ted ab o ve . Z im m er s
’
t ran sl at io n is t o b e fo u n d i n h is A l t in disch es
an d Lu d w ig s in h is Der R ig veda, II I p 459
’
Leb e n , p 31 4 ; . . . .
H YMN T H E A T H A R V A V E DA -
.

HYMN XV .

L ET t h e st re am s fl o w t o g e th e r , l e t t h e w n d s an d
i
bi rds asse m bl e d c o m e .

L e t t h i s m y sac rifi c e de ligh t t h e m al w ay s I o fi e r it

'

w i t h d u l y m i x t o bl at i o n .

2 C o m e t o m y c all B le n t Offe r i ngs co m e ye v e ry n i g h

, , .

A n d si ng e rs do ye st re n gt h e n an d i n c r e ase t h i s
, ,

m an .

H i t he r co m e e ver y an m a : i l w it h t hi s m an let al l

w ea t h a l bi de .

3 A ll i
r ve r fo u n t s th at bl e n d th eir st re am s fo r e ver

i n e x h au st ibl e
W i t h al l t h e se co nfl u e n t st re am s o f m i n e w e m ak e
ab u n d an t r i ch es fl o w .

4 A l l st ream s o f m e l te d b u tt e r an d al l stre am s o f ,

w at e r an d o f m il k
W it h all t h e se c o n fl u e n t st ream s o f m i n e w e m ak e
ab u n dan t r i c h e s fl o w .

A sac rifi c e is pe rfo rm ed, an d p raye r is o ffe red fo r t h e p rospe ri ty o f a

p at ro n . T h e m et re is m ixed I n st an za 1 t he fi rst l in e is A n ush t u p
.

an d t h e se co nd T r ish tu p . I n 2, li n e 1 is Jagat i a nd l in e 2 A n ush tu p .

St an zas 3 an d 4 are A n ush tu p .

l T hem t h e Go ds . Web er t ran sl ate s p r adl eae, al ways, by t he

Et ernal On es
’
M ay t h e E tern al On es acce p t m y sacri fi ce .
’
D ul y
m in t abl at i on co n sist i n g o f m il k , b u t te r, an d t h e j u ice o f co rn
( p e rh ap s

a so rt of be e r) : see II . 26 4 , 5 . . Stan zas l an d 2 occu r again w it h

var iat io ns in XI X l . . l , 2 .

2 T hi s m an so m e w eal t h y h o u seh o l der w h o pays th e exp en ses o f

t he sac r ifi ce an d re w ards t h e o ffi ciat in g p ri ests A n i m al : do m est ic
.

an i m al co w , ho rse, goat, sh ee p .

T h e Bl en t Offe r in gs, or M ixt Ob l at io n , are cal l e d savizsr d van de, fro m

3am , t o ge t h e r , an d em , t o fl o w , an d e ve r
y l ine b u t one o f t he stan za co n

t ains a w o rd or w o rds o f t h e sam e deri vat io n .

20 m s: 3 m m or K
[ B OO 1 .

HY M N X V I .

M p AY o te n t A g ni w ho de st r o ys th e de m o ns b l e ss
an d sh e l t e r u s

F ro m gr e edy fi e n ds w h o r i se i n t ro o p s at n i ht
g
-
ti m e
w h e n t h e m o o n is dar k .

2 V aru na s be n i so n h at h bl e ssed t he l e ad,

’
an d A gn i
st r e n t h e n s it
g .

I n dr a h at h g i ve n m e t h e l ead : th is verily re
p e s l the
fi e n ds .

3 Th i s o ve rc o m es V ish k an dha t his dr i v es th e vo raci ,

o u s fi e n d s aw ay
’
B y m e an s o f t his have I o er th ro wn all th e P isachi s
’

de m o n b ro o d .

T h e h ym is a a er an d ch arm against d em
n p y
r o ns .

1 T h e d em o ns Yat us, e v il sp irits, fi ends, o r sorcerers w ho , lik e t h e

Yat u d h i n as ( I V I I I ), assu m e a v arie ty o f shapes an d p lagu e an d
. .

in j u re m en an d cat t l e . Gr eedy fi en d s atr i nas t usk y fi e n ds z

’
M .

i s dar k ’
n igh t ti m e w hen am d vdeyd m
'

M il ll e r . At -
the m oo n : r d tn m

du rin g t h e n igh t o f n ew m oo n , t he fi rst n ig h t o f t h e fi rst quarte r when

the m oo n is in v isib l e .

2 T he l ead : a i ece o f t h is m et al em l
p yo ed as a ch arm again st dem o ns
p
an d so rcery : see Bo o k XI I So in En g l an d a h o rse
. 2 l
.
, 1 9, 20, 53 .

sh oe w as in fo rm er t im es gen erall y regard ed as a p ro te ct ion again st

w it ch es, an d is st il l som et im es n ail ed o n o r o ve r t h e do o r o f a ho u se

o r stab l e . I ro n in o the r fo rm s al so w as u sed as a ch arm fo r stab l es z

H an g u p h oo k s an d sh ears to scare , H en ceth e b ag t hat rid es th e m are

T il l t hey be al l ov er w et w i th t he m ire an d t h e sw eat T h is o bser ved,
.

t he w as sh al l b e, Of you r ho rses, al l k n o c k ed — H e rric k . C harm s

an d C ere m o n ies, L V I II X .

apar t, an d ab andha, sho u l der ;

'

3 Vi ahkan dh a : from m , d raw in g as

u n de r o r r ack in g the sh o u l ders ; ap p aren t l acu t e rhe u m at ism in t he
y
sh o u l de rs an d n eck . V ish lm n dha is fre q uen t l y m e n t io ne d in the
A thar va veda, b u t n o w h e re cl earl d e fi ne d T he Co m m e n tato r at tr i
y
-
.

b u t e s it s at tack s to t h e m al ice o f fi e n ds an d T he P igdch t s

e v il sp ir it s
’
.

dem o n br oo d : Pisa ch i is th e fe m in in e o f Pisfich i ( Rig v eda I 1 33 . .

or Pi sacha, th e n am e o f a c l ass o f fi e rce an d m al ign an t im p s o r go b l ins .

Pisheh in H in d i an d Pisach i in T am il are st il l in co m m o n u se as

'

g e n e ral te rm s fo r g o b l ins o r fi en ds T he fe m in in e in H ind i is Pisach n i . .

22 T H E an u s or [ BOOK 1 .

H Y M N XV III .

WE d ri v e aw a y th e S p o t ted H ag, M i sfo rt u n e , an d

M ali g n i t y :
A ll bl e ssi n g s t o o u r ch ildre n th e n We ch ase M al ig
n it aw a y
y .

2 L et S av i t ar , A r yam an d r i v e
M i tra, V ar u na, an d
aw ay S t i n i n e ss fr o m b o t h t he h an ds an d fe e t :
g
M ay Fa v o u r g ran t i n g u s h e r b o u n t i e s, dr i v e he r o ff
,
.

T h e G o ds c reate d F avo u r fo r o u r h ap p i n ess .

3 E ach fe ar fu l sig n u p o n t hy b o dy , i n t h y se l f eac h i a ,

au sp i c i o u s m ar k see n i a t h y h ai r , t h y fac e ,
A l l t h i s w e dri ve aw ay an d ban ish w i t h o u r sp e e ch .

M ay S av i tar th e G o d g rac i o u sl y fu r t h e r t h e e .

4 A n t e l o p e fo o t , and B u ll o ck t o o th ,
-
C o w t e r r ifi e r , - -

V ap o u r fo r m , -

T he Li ck e r, an d th e S p o t t e d H ag al l t h e se w e dr i v e ,

aw ay fro m u s .

T h e hy m n is a ch arm t o ave rt e v il sp irits o f m isfo rt u n e an d w ick e d

u ses, to rem o v e il l -
o m e ne l
p e rso n al m ark s, an d t o secure p r osp e ri t y .

T he m e t re is A n ush tu p in st an zas I ( w it h an irregul arity in l in e 2)

an d 4 , an d Jagat i in st an zas 2 an d 3 .

l T he Sp o tt ed H ag o r, Lal fim i M i a f or tu ne o r, Lak sh m i Fo rt u n e,
'

F ort u n e ; t h e Go ddess o f goo d an d il l l u ck , m o re u su all y t h e fo r m e r .

M al ig ni ty o r A ri ti T o ou r chi l d r en Lu dw ig reads ai r , o u t , in st ead

.

d ch il dren , T h en l et al l
'

of p ra d
j y ,z to our w h ich m ars t h e m et re :
‘

h appy t h ings b e
’
c u rs .

t h e Su n , espe cial l y t h e m o rn in g S u n w h ose l igh t dri ves

'

2 Saw f ar
aw ay w it ch es an d e v il A m ni F ro m the ha n d s
sp irits . S t i ng fin est-
: .

an d f eet o n w h ich A rani m ay h av e i m ressed h e r il l o m en ed sig n s

p
- .

T h e ch arm w as p ro bab l y recit e d o ve r a yo u n g chil d F avour : A n u .

rn at i ; d i vin e Grace , p erso n ifi ed as a Go ddess r ep resen t in g t h e God s

’

favo u rab l e accep tan ce o f w o rsh ip an d o b l at io ns .

3 Wi th o ur sp eech W ; w it h t h e vo ice ; w it h the sp ell w h ich

we u tt e r .

4 A n tel op e f oo t -
R ishyap ad i . B u l l ock too th -
o r, M igh ty to o t h ; -

V rish adati . Cow -

ter r ifi er : Gosh ed h fi p ro b ab l
y from go 0 4 0t std /t
H YM N m s A T H A R VA VE DA -
. 23

H Y M N XIX .

L sr '
no t th e p i e r c e r s fi n d u s, n o r l et th o se w h o w ou n d
d i sc o ver us .

0 I n dra , m ak e t h e arr o ws fall , t u r n e d . far fro m u s,

to e ve r y si de .

2 T u r n ed l e t t h e arro w s fall , th o se sh o t an d
fro m us

t h o se t h at w ill b e sh o t .

S haft s o f t h e Go ds an d sh afts o f m e n , str i k e and tran s

fi x m i n e e n e m i es !
3 W h o e ve r tr eate t h u s as fo e s, b e h e o u r o w n o r stran g e
t o u s a k rn sm an o r a fo r e i g n e r ,
,

M ag R r
u dra w thi h is arro w s p i e rce an d s ay th e se
l
e ne m ies o f m i n e .

m ean in g to dri ve aw ay : C o w tail ed , acco rd i n g t o We b e r . V ap o u r o rm

V idham h ; t h e e xac t m ean in g o f t h e w o rd h ere is u n ce rt ain . T he

L icker : V il e dh i . A l l t h ese are n am es o r ep it h ets of so rceresses, w i tch es,

fem al e fi en ds o f v ario u s fo r m s
'

or .

P ro fesso r Go l dn er argu es w i th g reat in ge n u ity t hat t h e j

su b ect o f

t h e h ym n is so m e sem i do m est icat e d

-
an im al , in all pro b ab il ity 9 h o u se .

cat , an d t h at t h e j
o b ect o f t he ch ar m is t o b an ish its o rigin al w il d an d
fi en dish n at u re , an d to re t ain an d i m p ro v e al l its in h ere n t go o d qu al i t ies
an d m ak e i t a fr ien d an d a b l essin g to m e n : 800 V ed ische St u d ien ,

I pp
. 3 1
. 3 —3l 5 .

T h e hym n has b een t ran sl ate d b y Lu dw ig , De r R ig veda, I I I p 4 98 . . .

T h e hy m n is a p raye r fo r p ro t ect io n fro m arro w s and fo r t h e p u n ish

m e n t o f en em ies in g en eral T h e m et re is A n ush tu p, w it h an add it io n
.

al p a da in li n e 1 o f stan za 3 .

1 P i erce" syddh i n ae h ost il e ar ch ers .

3 Il q us u al l y de riv ed fro m m et, to h o w l or ro ar, the H o w l er ,

t h e R o arer but m o re p ro b ab l y fro m a l ost ro o t r ad , to b e red o r

ddy, t he R ed , t h e Br il lian t R u dra is a Go d o f th u n der, sto r m , an d

.

t e m p est , an d t h e fat h e r an d l eade r o f t h e R u dras, M aru ts o r S t o rm

God s . H e is re p rese n t ed as a t erri b l e de it y w ho se arro ws b ri n g disease
or dest ru ct io n o n m en an d cattl e , b u t is ab o so m e t im es add resse d as

ben e vol en t an d ausp icio u s, a h eal er an d a savio u r, in asm u ch as hi s

34 w e s w ing or [ B OOK 1 .

T he r va i l an d n o n r v a -
i l he, w ho in h is h at re d cu rses
us

M ay al l t h e de i t i e s i nj u re h im ! M y n eare st , l
c o se st

m a il is p ra er
y .

Y M N XX H .

M A Y it gli de h ar m l e ss b y i n thi s o ur sacr ifi ce ,

O S o m a G o d ! M aru ts b e g r ac i o us u n t o u s
, , .

L e t n o t di sast e r l e t n o t m ali so n fi nd u s o ut ; l e t n o t
,

a b o m i n ab l e
g u i l e s d i sc o ve r u s .

2 M i t ra an d V aru na ye t wai n t urn care fu ll y aw ay , ,

fro m us
T h e de adly dart t hat fl i es to day, th e m iBSil c o f t h e
'

w i ck ed o n es .

th u n dersto rm s aft er l o ng dro u gh t p u rify t h e air, disp el m iasm a, and

b r ing heal t h an d v igo u r to everyt h in g t h at has l ife Far b e t h y dart .

t hat k ill et h m e n o r catt l e : t h y b l iss b e w it h u s, 0 t ho u Lo rd o f he roes : '

'

Bg i vcda I 1 1 4 10
. W .h e re i s
. t h at g racio u s h an d o f t h in e, O R u d ra,

t h e han d t h at giv e th h eal t h an d b ri n ge t h co m fo rt , R e m o ve r o f t h e

we e t h e Go ds hav e sen t us i Loo k t h o u on m e, igh ty , w it h com
O m

Bg d II 3 7 Fo r h ym n s to
’

p assi o n z i v e a 4 . . . R u dra, see H ym ns o f t h e

Big v eda, Gene r a l I n d e x 1 .

4 M y n ear est, cl o sest m ail i s p rayer t h ese w o rds are t h e co n cl u d

i n g phda o f H ym n 7 5, Bo ok V I . of the Bg
i veda, en tit l ed Weapon s
of War .

T he hy m n is a pl ayer, accom p an y ing sacrifi ce, fo r p ro tection fro m

ene m ies . J
T he m etre is agat i in st an za 1 , and A nush tup in the rest

1 I t : t hat is, the dead l y dar t, vadM e, of st anza 2 Susan sea l V I 2 . . . .

M am a : the so ns of R udra, Go ds of t h e win ds and tem p ests, fre

qu e n tl y invo k ed n o t on l y a s t he senders o f sto rm and rain b u t as

al l p o w erful p ro tecting dei t ies We in vo ke w it h p rayer t he oflspring

'
- .

o f R u dra, t h e b risk, t h e p u re, t h e worshi p fu l , t h e act ive Cl ing fo r .

h pp
a i n ess- ak e to
s t h e st ro n g com p y f
an o th e M arut s, th e chascrs of t he
t h e p o w erful, im p et u o us R g eda I
i 64 1 2 : M Mul l er s
’
sk y , v . .
see .

q l Q H y m ns, Pu t 1 p 107 . . .
H YMN T H E A TH A R m u m . 25

Ward and from that, 0 V

"

3 03 fro m t his side ero na,

t h e de adly dart
Gi ve u s t hy great protect i o n , t urn the l eth al weap o n
far y
aw a .

4 A m ig h ty R u l e r t h u s ar t th o u , u n co n q u e re d, van
u i sh e r o f fo e s,
q
E ve n t h o u w h o se fri e n d is ne ver sl ai n , w h ose fri e nd
is never overcom e .

H Y M N XXI .

L o an of t he l
c an s, g i v e r of bli ss , fi en d sl ay er , -
m i gh t y
fo e
’
o er t he .

M ay I n dra
, S o m a dr i n k er, g o b e fo r e u s-
,
B u l l ,
w h o
br i ngs u s p eace .

2 I n dra, su bd u e o u r e n e m ies, l ay l o w t he m e n w h o
fi g h t w i th u s
Do w n i n t o n eth er dark ness sen d th e m an w h o sh o w s
u s e nm ity

4 T h is st anza is t ak en fro m Rgi v e da X 1 52 1 , . . a hym n ad d ressed

to I n dra an d ascrib ed to a R ish i Si sa ( R u l er) of t h e fam i ly of

a .

T he hym n is a p rayer to I nd ra fo r p ro tect ion from enem ies I t is .

tak n, ith l gh a a
e w s i t v ri t ion s, f m R ig
ro v e —
ds X 1 52 2 5, t he fi rst . .

am of Wh ich con cl u des the p reced ing hym n XX .

th e vi gd rh a i Lo rd of A
'

1 L or d o f cl am p t o ; or ( y )
r an m en in
l Kin g = vi gndti b Bg d h a
T he a
’

gen era , i v e a. as m g p
r ti o, L o rd o f t h e

clan or t rib e F i end sl ay” : o p t m lcd ; sl ayer o f fi en ds an d foes in

‘ ’
-
.

ge n eral , o r sl a er o f V git m t h e fi en d an d fe e p ar excel l en ce, t h e V ed ic

y
p e rso n ifi cat i o t h e m al ign an t p o w er w h ich tak es p ossessi o n o f t h e
n of

clo uds and w it hho l ds t h e seaso n ab l e m in I ndra b at tl es with t h is chief .

d em o n o f drough t. s at t ers h h im an d h is clo ud castl es w it h h is th u n der

-

bol t and re l eases t he im p rison ed w ate rs Bul l vr‘ohd the o rig in al.

m eaning o f t h e w ord w as m al e, m ascu l in e, t hen stro m , o we rful , t h an

p
especial l y b u l l , st a l l ion, he m .
Sayana ex p l ains o r al“
! by sho w ers:

of b en efi ts See V ed ic H ym
’
. n s, Part I pp 318 sqq
. . .
 26 T H E H YM NS or [ BOO K 1 .

3 S tr i k e do w n th e fi en d str ik e d o w n th e fo es, b reak

t h o u asu n de r V rit ra s j aw s .

O I n d ra ,
V rit ra sl aye r, -
q u e ll t he w rath of t h e assail
i n g fo e .

T u r n t h o u t h e fo e m an s t h o u gh t ’
aw a y ,
h is dart w h o
fai n w o u l d co n q u e r u s
G ran t u s t hy g re at p ro t ec t io n ; k ee p h is deadly
w eap o n far aw a
y .

H Y M N XXII .

A s th e S u n i
r se s l e t t hy so re di sease an d ye ll o w n ess
de p art .

We co m p ass an d su r ro u n d th ee w i t h t h e l
co ou r of

a r u dd y ox .

2 W i t h r u ddy h u e s w e co m pass t h ee t h at t h o u m ay st
li ve a l e n g th e n e d li fe
S o t h at t hi s m an b e fre e fro m har m an d cast h is ,

y e ll o w t i n t aw ay .

T h e h ym n is a ch arm again st Jau n dice .

1 A s the Su n r i ses so , in R ig veda I 50 l l , Sfirya, t h e Shi n , is en

. .

t reate d t o re m o ve , as he rises, t h e so re diseas e an d

y e l l o w h u e o f the

afil ic t e l su pp l ian t . Sor e d i sease hriddyo td s fro m kri d , t h e h ear t,

an d dy n t, t o be b ro k en an y se v ere in t ern al m al ady . Yol l o w n ess
e l l o w ish w h it e co l o u r o f th e sk in , an d l l w n ess o f t he t ee th ,
y y e o eyes,

an d n ail s, are t h e m ost unm istak eab l e v isi b l e si gn s o f i

p dn u or ja un

d ice w h ich m ust h e t h e disease in t en ded here . R u ddy : see stan zas 2
an d 3 .

2 Wi th r u d dy hues the p at ie n t is su rroun ded w it h re d o r ru ddy

co l ou red o b ect s j in o rd er to co m b at t h e yel l ow w h ich is sy m p t o m at i c

of t h e disease sh ou l d t h e p at ien t see ev er t hin g yel l o w h e w i ll n ot

y
so o n g e t w el l W ise H in d u Syse m o f M ed i cin e , p 24 8 C ast hi s yel l o w
, . .

ti n t away : dh ar i za blu ies t Web er div ides dl i ar i to h is n ew l ife m ay

b egin
’
no w .
H YM N T H E A T H A R V A V E DA -
. 27

3 D e v atya
s th at are re d o f h u e , y e a, an d th e ru dd y
lk i ne ,
c o o u re d

E ach se v e ral fo r m , e ach se v e ra l ag e , -

i
w t h t h ese w e
co m
p ass thee b
a o ut .

4 T o p arro t s an d to star li n gs we t ran sfe r t hy i

s ck l y
y e ll o w n e ss :
N o w i n t h e y e ll o w co l o u re d bi rds w e l ay t h i s y e ll o w -

n e ss o f t h i n e .

H Y M N XXII I .

O P L A NT t h o u sp ran ge st u p at n i g ht du sk y dark
, , ,

co l o u r e d b l ack i n h u e ,

S o R aj an i r e co l o u r t ho u t h ese ash y sp o ts t h i s
, ,
-
,

l e p ro sy .

3 Dcvatyds the m ean in g is u n ce rtain . W eb e r t ran sl at es, do u b t

d i vin e p o w ers T h e St Pet ersb u rg Dic
’
i n gl y, b y Got t erk rafte , . .

t io n ary l eaves t h e w o rd u n e xp l ain ed w it h t h e re m ark t hat an im al s o f

so m e k in d m u st he in t en ded , if t h e read in g is co rrect T he w o rd do es .

n o t occu r e l sew h ere .

4 T he stan za i s tak en fro m Rg

i v eda I . 50 . 1 2, an d is t he seco n d

stan za o f a tr i o/m o r t ri p l e t , t h e rep et it io n o f w h ich , w it h du e fo rm al it ies,

is co nside red to be cu rat iv e o f d isease T o p ar r o ts
. an d to star l i n g s

b i rd s w it h m o re o r l ess g r ee n i sh y e l l o w t in t s o r m ark s . Sim il arl y

am o n g t h e R o m an s, p p
eo l e w it h t he ja u n d ice w ere c al l ed icte rici
acco rdi n g to Pl in y ( H . N . XXX . fro m t h e fan ci fu l n o t io n t h at

t he d i sease w as c u re d b y l oo k in g a t t h e ic t eru s, o n e o f t h e m an y

i
v ar t e ies o f t h e St u r n ida e o r s te rl i n
g fa m i l y T h e b i rd d ied in st e ad .

of the at ien t In t he y el l o w t o l om sd bi r d s :
'
h t t r i dr aveslm
'
so e ll l ain ed
p
p .

in the St . Pe t e rsb u rg Dict io n ary A cco r d in g to Sa yana .

‘
in t h e
H ari tal a b u t n o t ree o f t h at n am e ap pears t o exist .

T h e h ym n is a ch arm again st Lep rosy S u sru ta describ es se v en .

'

se ve re fo rm s o f t h is te rr ib l e d isease , an d m en t io ns el ev en sl igh te r

v arie t ies : se e W ise , H in d u Syste m o f M ed ic in e, p p 258 sqq . .

1 R aj an i : R ajan l is th e n am e o f t h e C u rcu m a Lo n ga w h ich m ay

h ave b ee n one of th e p l an t s u sed in t h e t reat m en t o f l e p rosy ; b u t t he

w o rd is b ab l y u sed h e re o n acco u n t o f its d e ri vat io n f ro m r aiij , to
p ro

t ho u 0 d u Fat here ich e,

’
t e-co l o u r
’
co l ou r :
‘
So , C o l o u rer , . O tho u
C ol o ur ri ch
-
W eb e r .
as T H E s u ms or [ B OOK 1 .

2 E x p e l th e l e p ro sy , rem o ve fro m h im th e sp o ts and

ash y h u e
L et th i n e o w n co l o u r co m e to t hee ; dr i ve far aw ay
t h e sp e ck s o f wh i t e .

8 Dark is t he p l ace o f th y re p ose , dark is t h e p l ace

t h o u dw e ll e st in :

Du sk y an d dark , 0 P l an t , art th o u : re m o v e fro m

h im each sp ec k an d sp o t .

4 I w th m
i y sp e ll have ch ased aw a y t h e p al l id s ign o f
l e p ro s
C au se d y i n fe cti o n , o n the sk n , sp ru ng
i fro m t h e
body, from t he bo n es .

HYMN XXI V .

F m sr b e fo re al l th e str o ng w i nged B i rd w as b o rn ;
, ,
-

t h o u w ast th e gal l t h e re o f .

C o n qu ered i n fi g ht t he A suri to o k t he n t h e shap e

,

and fo rm o f p lan ts .

2 Let th i n e cum co l ou r com e to thee ad dressed to t h e p at ien t .

A cco rd ing to Dr Gril l , t h e addrem t o t he Pl an t is

. co n t i n u ed :
‘
Le t
t h e p ecu l iar co l o u r o f t h e d isease en ter in t o t hee, t hat is, ab so rb i t, so

t hat t he p at ien t m ay recover

’
.

4 Caused by i nf ecti on t w o variet ies of t he disease ap p ear to he

m ean t, ( I ) co m m u n icat ed b y co n tact , b reat h in g t h e sam e ai r, eat in g
w it h, o r w earin g t he cl o t h es o r o rn am en t s o f a l ep er, an d ( )
2 cau sed

b y th e su fl e re r s o w n sin s, irregu l ar it ies i n eat in g an d

’ ’
fast in g, in d i
ge st i b l e foo d, m e n t al ag it at i o n , e xcessi v e fat igu e , e tc .

T h e hym has b een t ran sl at ed b y Lu dw ig, De r R ig veda, I I I p 506,

n . .

an d, w it h an n o tat i o n s, b
y Dr Grill , H u n de rt Lieder des A t harva-veda,
.

pp 1
. 9, 7 7 .

T h e hym n is a charm against Lep rosy See I 23 . . .

l T h e fi rst stanza is diffi cu l t Wh ate ver th e st ro ng w in ged Bird

.
-

m ay b e, Si m fi t h e
p l an t t o w h ich t h e ch arm is addressed is said to h ave

b ee n its gal l , p ro bab l y b ecau se b o t h t h e gall an d t h e Pl an t w e re

regard ed as rem ed ies fo r l ep rosy . T he Asur i , t h e fem al e pe rso n ifi cat io n

o f t he fi en dish dark n ess o f n ig h t , b e in g co n q u ered by th e Sun , too k

 T H E H YM NS or [ BOO K 1 .

2 I f th o u b e fi e ry gl o w , o r i n fl am m at i o n, o r if t h y
bi r th p l ac e call fo r c h i p s o f fu e l ,
B ac k is t h y n am e , G o d o f t h e sick ly y e ll o w !
0 F e v e r , yi e ld i n g t o o u r p ray e r av o i d u s .

3 B e t h o u di st ress, i i
or ag o n z n g t o r m e n t , be tho u t he
so n K in g V ar u na h at h b e g o t t e n ,

R ac k is th y n am e , Go d o f i ly y e ll o w !
t he s ck

0 F e v e r yi e l di n g
,
to o ur
p ray e r avo i d u s .

at t h e co m m en cem en t o f t h e an n u al R ain s, w he n A gn i t he God o f F ire

d esce n ds in h is fo rm ligh t n in g fro m t h e
of Wat e rs o f t he fi rm am en t
an d fal l s w it h t h e rain in t o t h e w ate rs o f t h e eart h . T he L aw -
o bser

ver s t h e Go d s w h o o b se rve an d m ai n tain t h e ev erl ast i n g stat u t es o f

m o ral an d n at u ral o rd e r . T he all u sio n is to t h e fl ig h t o f A gn i, an d

h is p u rsu it an d d isco ve ry b y t h e Go d s H i m ( A gn i ) t h e u n errin g
o n es ( t h e Go ds), o b se r van t , fo u n d in fl o o d s, co u ch ed l ik e a l ion in h is
v ed a I II 9 4 : co m pare R i v e da l 0
Rgi l F h
’
l air z . .
g 4 5 ever : ta m d n ,
. . .

d e ri v ed fro m tab , to fl y at , to p o u n ce u po n , m ean in g t h at w hich su d

d en l y se ize s, is ex p lai n ed in t h e St Pe t e rsb u rg Dict io n ary as a k in d
.

of d isease, ro b ab l a w h o l e cl ass o f d iseases, acco m a i d by

orp y p n e cru p

t io n s on the sk in . Bu t a co m p ariso n o f t h e p assag es o f t h e A t h arva

veda i n w h ich t h e w o rd occu rs is su ffi c ien t t o p r o ve t h at feve r in i ts
m an y v ar ie t ies, esp e c ial l y m al arial fe ver , is t h e d isease t h at is in t en d ed .

T h e w o rd d oes n o t occ ur in t h e Rg i v ed a, n o r — b arrin g t h e Kau sik a

S fit ra— is it fo u n d in w o rk s l ate r t h an t h e A t h arvw v e da F e v er , says .

S u sru t a, is t h e k in g of d iseases . W it h fev e r m an is b o rn , an d w it h

fev er h e de parts fro m t h is w o rl d F o r an exh au st i ve excursus o n
.

T e k m an , see Gro h m an n , M ed ecin isch es aus dem A t h ar va v eda, I n disch e -

St u d ien , I X pp.3 8 1 — 4 2
.3, an d co m p are W ise , H in du Syst em of

M ed icin e, u n der F ev ers ( ) pp J 21 9 —

w ars 23 3 . .

T ak m an , or F ev er, is addressed in t h e h ym n as a decd , a sap e m a

t u ral b e in g or Go d, t o w hose in fl u en ce t h e d i sease m ay be at t rib u ted .

2 If th y bi r thp l ace cal l f or ch ip s of f uel if t h o u b e cau sed b y an

in te rn al fi re w h ich co n su m es t h e v ital fo rces, l ik e fl am e t h at re u ires q
'
fragm en ts o f w oo d to feed it . B ack i s thy n am e : hr d du , fro m hr u d, t o
d raw o r co n t ract ; cram p o r sp asm Kram p f ist de in n am e z
’
L u d w ig .

God of the si ckl y yel l ow o r, of t he ll w co l o ur a sym t m of

y e o ; p o

P ait t ik Jw ars o r b il ic u s fe ver :

.
p 2 25 see Wise ,
. .

3 T he so n Ki ng V aru gra hath bego t ten if t h o u h ast co m e fro m t h e

Go d V ara na, sen t b y h im , as t h e m o ral Go vern or o f t he w o rl d, t o
u n ish si n
p .
H YM N m s A T H A R V A VE DA -
.
31

4 I h o m age t o t h e c h illy F e ve r, t o h is
o ffe r fi e rce b u r n
i n g g l o w I o ffe r ho m ag e .

B a ado rat i o n p ai d t o F e ve r co m i n each o t h er day ,

g
t h e t h ird, o r t w o day s ru nn i n
g .

H Y M N XXV I .

L ET th at De stru ct i v e W e ap o n b e far distan t fro m u s,

0 ye G o ds ; far b e th e S t o n e y e w o n t to h u r l .

2 O u r fr i e n d b e t h at C e l est ial Grac e , I n dra an d B h a a

g
b e o u r fr i e n ds, an d Sav i t ar w i t h sp l e n did w eal t h .

3 Th o u O ffsp r i n g o f th e W ate rfl o od ye M ar u ts w i t h
, , ,

y o u r su n bri gh t sk i n s g i v e u s p ro t ec t i o n r e ach i n g far

-
, .

4 F u rt h er u s righ tly favo u r ye o u r b o di es w i t h y o u r

,

g rac i o u s l o v e Gi v e t h o u o u r c h il
. d r e n h app i n ess .

4 Chi l l y F ever co l dn ess o f t h e b o dy an d sh iv e rin g fi ts are am o n g

t he sym p t om s m en t io n ed in t h e H in d u Syst em of M ed icin e . T he n am es

of t h e t hree var iet ies of in t erm it t e n t fe ver m en t io n ed in t he seco n d

l in e in t h e t e xt, tr i tt yakas ( )
’
d
’
are, an yeyu s, te rt ian , an u bhayady tis

recu rri n g o n b o t h , th at is, t w o su ccessive days .

T h e hym n is a p rayer fo r p rot ect ion , gu idan ce, an d p rosp e rity .

2 Bhaga Baga in Ol d Persian , Bog ii in Old Slavo n ic ; Bhaga is t h e

g racio u s Lo rd an d p ro t e c t o r an d t h e b est o w er o f w eal t h . H is n am e

is fre q yu en t l Bgi v e d
m en t io n ed
a w i t h t h atin t h e
o f Sav it ar , an d h e

i s in vo k ed t oget h er w it h Pfi shan an d t h e A di tyas, M i t ra, V aru na, an d

A ryam an See H ym n s o f t h e R ig veda, Gen eral In dex I I
. .

3 Of sp r i n g of the Waterj l ood p r avato h ap at . Ligh tn ing is so cal l ed

C h il d t h e Fl o o d H A gn i is in t en ded ,
’
in I 1 3 2 3:
. . .
‘
of . e re sp ru n
g in

t h e fo rm of l igh t n in g fro m the cl o u d s or w at ers o f t h e fi rm am en t

a R
’
p r avd t te agn e j n i m d,
‘
A gn i, t h y b irt h is fro m t h e fl oo d : igv ed a

X . 142 2 . . Wi th y ou r su n br igh t ski n s :

-
‘
O M aru t s, st ro ng an d w ise,

w it h b r igh t sk in s z Rg
i d V II 9 l l
’
su n -
v e a 5 . . .

4 Ou r bodi es oursel ves, as sep arat e fro m our ch il dren . T hou

32 m s m u s s or [ so ar 1 .

H YM N xxv u .

T u r ns o n t h e ban k t h ose V i p e rs l ie th ri ce se ve n ,
-
,

h avi ng cast t he i r sk i ns :
N o w w e w i t h t h ei r di scarded sl ough s b ind c l ose an d
c o ve r u p t h e e y e s o f t he m al i c i o u s h i h w ay th i e f
g .

2 F ar l e t h e r o cu tt i ng h er w ay b ran di sh i n g as it
g
, , ,

w e re , a c l u
Di ve rted be the n ew born s m ind : ne er are t h e
’ ’
-

w i ck ed prospe ro us .

3 N o t m a n y h a v e h ad p o w e r en o u gh ; th e fee b l e o nes
h av e no t p re vai l e d ,
Li k e scat t e re d frag m en ts o f a re ed : ne er are t h e ’

w i c k e d p r o sp e ro u s .

4 G o fo r w ard, fe e t , p ress q u i ck ly o n , br in g to th e h o u se
o f h i m w h o p ays .

nco nqn er ed and u n pl und ered , l et I nd rhnl , fo re m o st ,

l ead t h e w ay .

A charm in w hich sn ak es sk ins are em plo yed

’
.

1 Vip er s t he Pgidfik u, a ven o m o us snak e , adder or vi pe r, is frc o

en t io ned in t h e A t ham ved a T hr i ce seven rishap td s

'

q u en t l y m t .
-

in defi n it el y fo r a con sid erab l e n u m b er A ccord in g t o Web er, t h rice

.
‘

co il ed see I l
. . 1, n o te . B i nd cl ose t he sl o u gh s are to m ak e t h e

t rave l l e rs in visib l e to . J
A u b rey, t h e En gl ish an t iqu ary,
ro bb e rs ohn

w h o l i ved in t he sevent eent h cent u ry, reco m m en ds t h e po w der ob t ai n

ed fro m a sn ak e wh ich has been cau gh t at m id n igh t o f M idsu m m e r

Eve, k il l ed , sk in n ed, an d dr ied in t he shade, as a m e ans to p rocure

i n visib il it y
.

2 Let her go : m ean i ng t he m o t h “snake Cu t ti ng her way: th rough .

h er o l d sk in A cl u b hcr h ead, raised fo r at t ack T he new bom b m i n d

. .
-

t he at ten t io n of t he sn ak e who h as cast he r old sk in and ge t s ne w on e .

3 Scatter ed f ra
g m en ts of a reed asadr adgfl s o r, scatte red st al k s

arou nd a reed . T he word ddgu i said t o m ean an ab l at ion o f m e l t ed

’

b u t ter ; or a sacrifi cial cak e .

4 Go f or war d, f eet t he speake r o f t he charm add resses his o w n

fee t H e w ish es to p ress o n to t he ho use o f t he m an w ho w il l pay h im
.

fo r w h at h e b r in gs I n d r dq i : t h e C o n so r t o f I n dra T h e Go dd ess w il l
‘

. .

g u id e h im . U n p l u n d er ed w i t h refe re n ce t o t h e ch ar m w h ich t h e
11 m m m s 4 m m V A VEDA . 33

H Y M N XXV II I .

G OD A gn i h ath c o m e fo rt h t o u s, fi e n d sl ay er, ch ase r -

o f d i sease ,
B u rn i n g t h e Y atu dh dnas u p , Kim i din s, an d de ce itfu l
0 11 8 8 .

2 C o n su m e th e Y Atudhanas Go d ! ,
m eet the Kim i dins
w i t h th y fl am e
B u r n u p t h e Y fi tu dh dn i s as t h ey face th ee , t ho u
w h o se p ath is bl ac k !

3 S h e w h o h at h c ursed u s w i th a cu rse , o r h at h co n
c e i v ed a m u r de ro u s si n

O r se i zed o u r so n t o t ake h is b l ood , l et h er de vo u r

t h e ch il d sh e bare .

4 L e t h er , th e Y dtu dh dn i eat so n, si ste r , and h er

dau gh t e r s c h ild
’
.

N o w l e t t h e t wai n b y tu rn s de stro y t h e w il d h ai r e d -

Y dtu dh fi n i s an d cr u sh do w n A rdyi s to t h e ear t h !

H YM N XXI X .

W m ! th at v i cto r i o u s A m u l e t w h i ch str e n
g t h e n e d
I n dra s p o w e r an d m ig h t
’

A p rayer fo r t h e d est ru ct io n o f d em o n s .

l see I 7 I . . .

2 T ho u w h ose p ath is bl ack t h e sam e ep it h et , M u dvar tu n i, is

i t A n i in t h e R igv e da, V I I I 23 1 9
g v en o g . . .

4 T he t wai n A gn i an d I n dra, o r A gn i an d So m a ; b o t h I n dra an d

So m a b e in g associat ed w it h A gn i as al l ies i n t h e d est ru ct io n o f d em o ns .

A r dy ts A rfiyi is o riginal l y t h e p erso n i fi cat io n as a fe m al e fi en d o f

t h e i l l ib e ral im p ie ty w h ich re fu ses to g i ve ob l at ion s to t h e Go ds an d
e rd o n t o t h e p r ie sts T h e w o rd w as aft er w ar ds u sed as t h e desi n s»
g u .
g
t io n o f a class o f m al e vo l en t sp i ri t s : A r i yi, o n e ey e d, l im p in g h ag, -

fl y, eve r screech in g ! t o t h e h il l : B ig veda

-
1 55 l X . . .

T h e h ym n , w h ich is a ch arm t o se cu re t h e su p rem acy an d su ccess o f

a d e t h ro n ed Kin g o n his rest o rat io n t o p o w er, is an adap tat io n o f
H ym n X 1 7 4 o f t h e R igveda
. .

l A m u l et in st ead o f m antn d t he Rig ved a readin g is has te/ca: Wit h ‘

’
t h at v ict o ri o us sacr ifi ce , an o b l at io n w h ich se cu res su ccess again st
B r ah m anasp ati
’
o n e s en e m ie s . Lo rd o f Praye r : an o t he r n am e o f
Brihaspat i : see I 8 2, n o te . . .
34 THE H YM N S or [B OOK 1 .

Do th o u O B rah m anasp at i , i n crease

, o u r str en
gt h fo r
k i ng ly sw a y .

2 Su bdu i n g t h o se w h o r i val u s, su b du i ng al l m ali g n i t i es,

W i th stan d th e m an w h o m en aces, an d h im w ho see k s
t o i nj u r e u s .

3 So m a an d Sav i tar t h e Go d h av e str en g t h e n ed an d

e xal t e d th e e

A l l e l e m e n ts h av e ai de d t h e e , to m ak e t h ee g e n eral
co nq u e ro r .

4 Sl ay e r o f r i val s van qu i sh er , , m ay th at i
v c to r o u s i
A m u let
B e b o u n d o n m e fo r regal sw ay an d co n q u est of m i ne
e n em i e s .

5 Y o u S u n hath m o u n te d u p o n hi gh , an d th i s m y w o rd
h ath m o u n t e d u p
Th at I m ay sm i te m y fe es and b e slayer o f ri vals,
i ll
r va e ss.

6 Dest ro y e r o f m y ri val s st ro ng v i cto r i o u s w i th ro yal

, , ,

sw ay ,

M ay I b e r u l er o f th ese m en an d K i ng an d so v ran ,

o f t h e fo l k .

H Y M N XXX .

GUA R D an d p ro te ct t h i s m an al l G o ds and V asas , .

O ve r h im kee p y e w atc h an d w ard A di tyas , .

L et n o t deat h reac h h i m fro m t h e h an ds o f bro th ers ,

fr o m h ands o f ali e n s o r o f h u m an b e i n gs
, .

2 T h is an d t h e fo l l o w in g st anza are addressed to th e am u l et, w h ich

rem in ds o n e o f t h e ol d T eu t o n i c Siegerste in o r St o n e o f V icto ry .

5 T h e fi rst l in e is t ak en, w it h o n e variat io n , fro m Rgi veda X 1 59 I . . .

M y w or d : t h e Bigved a read in g is m dm akd n ab, m y h ap p y fate,

in stead o f m am akd m M ak es .

T he o ccas ion o f t h e hym n is t h e co nsecrat io n o f a King . Of I 9

. . .

1 Yam s Go ds, fre u en t l y m en t io n ed w it h t h e A d ityas an d t h e

q
R u dras ; p e rso n ifi cat io ns o f t h e p o w ers o f n at u re , esp ecial l y o f t h ose
t h at are b righ t an d cel est ial , an d so m et im es al m ost syn on ym o us w i t h
th e Dovas .
 m s 4 1 11 4 12VA V E DA 35
'

m u m -
.

2 Liste n o n e m i n de d to t h e w o rd I u t ter th e so n s
,
-
, , ,

O Go ds am o n g y o u an d th e fat h e rs !
, ,

I t ru st t h i s m an t o al l o f y o u p re se r ve h im h ap p ily ,

an d to l e n g th o f day s co n d u c t h i m .

3 A ll G o ds w h o d w e ll o n e art h o r i n th e h e av e n s ,

in air w i t h i n t h e p l an ts th e beasts t h e w at ers

, , , ,

G ran t t h is m an li fe t o fu ll o l d ag e an d l et h im ,

esc a e t h e h u n d red o t h e r w ay s o f dyi n g

p .

4 Y o u cl ai m i n g A n u yhj as o r P raytj as sh are rs o r n o t

, , ,

co n su m e rs o f o bl at i o n , ,

Y o u to w h o m h e ave n s fi ve r e gi o n s ar e ap p o rti o n ed
’

, ,

I m ak e co m p an i o n s at hi s sacred sessi o ns .

Y M N XXXI
H .

H aas w ill w e se r ve w i t h sacr i fi ce th e great Con

t ro ll e rs t h e w o rl d,
of

T h e fo u r i m m o rtal W arders w h o p ro tect th e re

g i o ns

o f the sk y .

3 F ul l o ld age e xt e n d in g to at l east a h u ndred years Praye rs .

fo r l ife t o l ast for a h u n d red w in t ers o r au t u m n s are o f fre u e n t q

occu rren ce in t h e Rgi v ed a : , see H ym ns of Rgthe
i ve da, Ge n e ral I n dex

II .
, u n de r H u n d red w in te rs . T he h un d r ed o ther ways : see 1 1 28 l , . .

an d V I I I . 2 27
. .

4 A n u ydias or P r ay/dj as Prayi jas con sist of t ext s an d o b l at io ns

fo rm in g part o f t h e in t rod u cto ry cere m o n y at a So m a sacrifi ce , an d

A n u y iij as are t h e seco n dary o r fi nal o fferin gs : V o ro p fe r an d Nacho p

fe r Web e r . H eaven s
’
j i ve re
g i o ns t he reg io n s of the sk
y ar e, in
t h e V eda, m o re u sual l
y said to b e fo u r o r six see I 31 l , 2 C ontp an i on s
. . .

at hi s sac r edsessio ns satr as adas feast co m

-
p an i o n s, o r assi st an ts at t h e

sat tr a o r sat r a
( fro m sad, t o sit ), a l o ng sacrifi ce, sacrifi c ial sessio n ,

or So m a ce rem o n y, l ast in g m o re t h an t w el ve days an d co n du cted by

m an y o fi ciat i n g p riests .

T h e hym n has b een t ransl ated b y Lu dw ig , Der R ig veda, p 4 30 . .

T h e h ym n is a p rayer fo r p ro tect io n an d gen eral p rosp er it

y .

l T he f ou r i m m or tal War der s accord in g to a assage in t h e Shad

p
vi ii sa Bn ih m ana, A gn i is guard ian o f t h e east Yam a o f t h e so u th
’
-
, ,
36 T H E H YM NS OF [ BOOK I .

2 Y e, G u ardi an s
t h e r eg i o n s, G o ds w h o k e e p t h e
of

q u arte rs o f t h e h e av e n s,
R e sc u e an d free u s fro m t h e b o n ds o f N irrit i , fro m
r i e f an d w o e !
g
3 I ,
free fro m i ffness se rv e th e e w i th o blati o n
st , ,

n o t l am e I sacr ifi c e w i t h o i l an d fat n e ss .

L e t t h e stro n g W arde r G o d w h o k e e p s t h e reg i o n s

b ri ng t o u s h i th e r safe ty an d w e ll be i n g -
.

4 W ell b e it w i th o u r m o th e r an d o u r fat h e r w e ll be it ,

w ith o u r c o w s an d b e ast s an d p e o l e , , .

O u rs b e all h ap p y fo rt u n e g race an fav o u r Lo n g , , .

,

v ery l o n g m ay w e b e h o l d t h e su n li h t
g .

Y M N XX XI I H .

Y a p e o p l e h ear an d m ark t h i s w e ll : h e w ill p ro

,

n o u n c e a m i h ty ray
g p e r :

T h at w h i ch g i v e s bre ath i n g to th e Pl an ts is n o t o n
e ar th n o r i n t h e h eave n .

V ar una of t h e w est , an d Som a o f t h e n o rt h . A cco rdin g to M an n

V . 96, t h ere are e igh t Lo k ap idas or Wo rl d p ro t ect o rs
-
w ho p resid e o v e r

t h e e ig h t p o in t s, card inal an d in t erm ed iate , of t he co m p ass : t h ese ar e

I n d ra, A g n i, Y am a, S fi rya, V aru na, Pavana o r v a u , t h e Go d o f W i n d ,

y
Ku vera, t h e Go d o f R ich es, an d So m a o r C h an d ra t h e M oo n Go d T h e -
.

w o rd in t h e t ext , dgdp dl ds, does n ot occu r again i n th e h ym ns o f t he

V eda .

2 N i r ri ti Decay or Dest ru ct ion p erso n ifi ed ; t h e Go ddess o f M is

fo rt u n e, Deat h an d C o rru p t io n .

3 F r ee f r om st if n ess l am e : in f u l l p ossessio n of m y b o d il y
n ot

o w e rs an d ac t i ve in t hy service T hee : A gn i, t h e str ong Warder God

p
.

of th e n e xt l in e .

T he hym n h as b een t ransl ate d b y Lu dw ig, De r R ig veda, I II p 37 2 . . .

T h e h ym n is in h o n o u r of H eav en an d Eart h, t h e Un i v ersal F at h er

an d M o t he r . Se c M ax M il ll er, I n dia, Wh at can i t T each us ? pp .

—
1 58 1 62 .

1 H e: th e p riest . Wi l l p r on ou n ce a m ighty p r ayer : acco rd in g to

W e A b so l u te ) w il l h e speak .
’
eb er :
‘
Of m igh t y Brah m an ( T h T he
P l an ts ai r ed/a
a h; m ean i n g h ere esp ecial l y m edicin al h erb s .
38 T H E m u m s or [ BOOK J .

They w h o to o k A g n i as a g er m , fai r co l o ured , th e -

Wate rs, b r i ng fe li ci ty an d bl e ss u s l
2 Th ey i n t h e m i dst w h ereo f K i n g V ar u na m o v e t h ,
’
v i ew i n m e n s r i h t e o u s an d u n r i h t e o u s d e ali n
g g g g ,

Th ey w h o to o k A g n i as a g e r m fai r co lo u red , t ho se ,
-

W aters br i n g fe li c i ty an d bl e ss u s l
3 Wh o m Go ds m ak e t h e i r b e v e rag e in h eaven t h e y
t he
'

w h o w ax m an i fo l d i n ai r s m id re g i o n
’
-
,

Th e y w ho t o o k A g n i as a g e rm fai r co l o u r ed t h o se ,
-
,
-

W at e rs bri ng fe li c i ty an d bl ess u s !
4 Y e W at e rs w i th au sp i c i o u s e y e b e h o l d m e : t o u ch
,

y e m y sk i n w i t h y o u r au s
p i c i o u s b o dy .

M ay t he y t h e b ri g h t an d p u r e d i st illi n g fat ne ss
, , ,

t ho se W aters br i n g fe li ci ty an d bl e ss u s
, .

H Y M N XXXI V .

F ao n h o n e y sp ran g t hi s Pl an t t o li fe : w i th h o n ey
n o w w e di t h ee u
g p .

M ak e u s as s w e e t as ho n e y , fo r fr o m h o n ey h ast
t h o u b ee n p ro d u c ed .

2 M y t o n g u e h at h h o n ey at t h e t ip , an d sw ee test ho n e y
at t h e ro o t
T h o u y ie l dest t o m y w i sh an d w ill , an d sh al t b e m i n e
an d o n ly m i ne .

4 Di sti l l i ng f atn ess : ghri taschzil as; l i t e rall y, dro p p in gg hgi ta, m el ted '

an d cl arifi ed b u t t er o r o il , u se d fi g urat i vel y fo r fe rt il it y an d p rosp e ri t y

Wh en I w ash ed m y st ep s w it h b u t t er, A n d t h e ro ck
p o u re d m e o u t

r ivers o f o il : Job , 29 6 : an d T ho u
’
. cro w n est t h e year w it h t h y go o d
A n d t hy pat hs dro p fat n ess z Psal m LXV
’
n ess ; . 11 .

T h e h ym n is a ch arm to w in an d l
’
se cu re a gi r s l o v e .

1 T h i s P l an t : su gar can e ; se e -
stan za 5 . Wi th hon ey : w it h t h e
sw ee t n ess w h ich t h o u co n tain est ; or
p e rh a s,
p as Dr Gril l
. su gge sts,

w it h a spad e o r m at to ck sm eared w it h h o n ey , w h ich w o u l d m ak e th e

ch arm m ore e ffec t u al .
H YM N mm A T II A R V A V E DA . 39

3 M y co m i n g i n is h o n ey sw e e t , and h o n ey sw e et - -
m y
o in f t h
g g o r

M y v o i ce an d w o rds are sw ee t : I fai n w o u l d b e lik e

h o n ey i n m y l o o k .

4 S w e e ter I th an h o n e y , y et fu ll o f sw ee t s
'

am m o re
t h an li co r i ce
So m a st y t ho u l o ve m e as a bran ch fu ll o f all sw e e t s,
an d o n ly m e .

5 A t he e h av e I g i rt a zo n e o f su gar can e to
ro u n d -

ban i sh h ate ,
Th at t ho u m ay st b e i n l o ve w i th m e , m y darli n g ,
n e ve r t o de p art .

YM N XXX V H .

TH I S O rn am en t o f Go l d w h ich Daksh a s ch il dre n ’

bo u nd w i t h be n e vo l e n t th o u gh ts o n Satfin i k a
, , ,

T h i s do I bi n d o n th e e fo r li fe fo r g l o ry fo r l o n g li fe , ,

last i n g t h ro u gh a hu n dred au tu m n s .

3 Mg com i ng i n m g g oi ng f or th all m y do in g ;
s m y gene ral
co n du ct .

4 Licor i ce m ad dgha is an u n sp ecifi ed sh ru b o r p l an t t h at y ie l ds a

sw eet j u i ce : see V I 1 02 3 fo r its

. . em l
p yo m en t in com b in at io n w it h

o t h er sw ee t p l an ts .

5 T o ban i sh ha te : an d, o f co u rse , to insp ire l o ve . M y dar l i ng ,

never to dep ar t m o re l it erall y : t h at t ho u m ayst go aw ay ,
n ev e r
‘

or b eco m e al ienated fro m m e So in t h e Ed d ie H fi va-m él , t h e La o f

.

y
t h e H igh On e, Wod en says : T he se ven t een t h ( so n
g o r c h arm ) I
T hat t h e yo u n g m ai d sh al l n e ver fo rsak e m e
’
k n ow .

T he seco n d l in e o f t h e stanza recu rs in sim il ar l o ve so ngs -

see I I 30
. .

l an d V I 8 1 —. 3 . .
,

T h e hym n is on e o f Dr Gril l
.
’
s H un d e rt Lieder .

T h e hym n is a ch arm acco m an in g in v est it u re w it h an am u l e t o f

p y
go l d .

’
1 Daksha a chi ldr en Dak sha is in t h e V eda a creat iv e
ddlcsh dyand s
’

p o w er associated w it h A d it i ( In fi n it y o r E te rn ity) , t he m o t h er o f th e
40 T H E A T H A R VA VE DA -
.
( BOO K 1 .

2 Th i s m an n o fi e n ds m ay co n q u er n o Pisach as fo r , ,

t h i s is m i g h t o f Go ds t h e i r p r i m al o ffsp r i n g
, .

W h oe v er w ears th e Go ld o f Dak sh a s ch il dre n b ath ’

a l o n g l e n g t h e n e d li fe am o ng t h e li v i ng .

3 T he li g h t t h e p o w er t h e l u stre o f t he W ate r s th e
, , ,

st r e n g t h o f T r e e s an d al l t h e i r fo r ce fu l v i go u r
, ,

W e l ay o n h im as p o w e rs abi de in I ndra so l et h im
w ear t h i s G o l d an d sh o w h is v al o u r .

4 W i th m o n t h ly an d six m o n t h ly t i m e s an d seaso ns
-
,

w i t h t h e fu ll y e ar s sw e e t e ssen c e do w e fil l t h e e
’
.

M ay I n dra A g n i an d al l Go ds to ge th er sh o w i n g n o
, , ,

an ger, g ran t t h e e w h at th o u w ish est .

A d ityas . I n p o st v ed ic l i te rat ure h e is gen eral l y regard ed as t h e so n

-

of Brah m 5, and p l aced at t h e h ead o f t h e Pra a

.
p at is o r Lo rd s o f j
C reat ed Be in gs . T h e Dfik sh ay anas, or desce n dan ts of Dak sha, are

a ta
m en t io n ed al so i n t h e Satap at h a-
Bri h m ana . T h e in v est it u re of
$
n i ka m u st b e an occ u rren ce o f an cien t t im es o f w hich no p ar ti c u l ars

h av e b een p reserve d A hu n d red au tu m ns

. regard ed as the n at u r al

d u rat io n o f h u m an l if e ; an e xp ression fre q u en t l y occu rr ing in t h e

Rgi v eda, al t ernat in g wi t h a h un d r ed w i n t e r s C f I saiah L XV 2 0 . .

T h ere shall b e n o m o re th en ce an i n fan t o f days, n o r an o l d m an t h at

h ath n otfi l l ed h is days : fo r t h e child shall d ie a h u n dred years o l d .

2 Pi saha s : im p s o r go b l i ns : see I 1 6 3, n o t e
-
. . .

P ro fesso r Lu dw ig h as t ransl ated t h is hym n, Der R ig veda, III .

p 4
. 57 .

4 Si x -
m on thl y ti m es Sam d m ean in g a h al f year o rigin al l ,
-

y p ro
‘

— St Pe tersb u rg Dict ion ary

b ab l y, su m m er ( of Ze n d
. . .
 B OOK I I .

YM N I
H .

V an sb eh o l ds Th at H igh est w h i ch li e s h i dde n ,

w here i n t h i s A l l r e su m e s o n e fo r m an d fash i o n .

T hen ce P risni m il k e d al l li fe t h at h ad e x i ste n c e t h e

h o st s t h at k n o w t he ligh t w i t h so n g s e x t o ll e d h e r .

2 K n o w i ng E te r n i t y , m ay th e Gan dh ar va decl ar e to u s
t h at h ig he st se cre t stat i o n .

Th r e e ste p s t h e r e o f l ie h i dde n i n t h e darkn ess h e .

w h o k n o w s t h e se sh all b e t h e fat h er s fath er

’
.

T h e hym n is a gl o ri fi cat io n o f t h e Prim e C au se o f all t h in gs .

1 V en n : V ena, t h e l o v in g S u n o f R igv eda I 8 3 5, M u tah o r t h e

‘ ’
. .

b el o ved , is said b y t h e Sch o l iast to b e m adhgasthdn o devah, a Go d o f

’

t h e m idd l e r egio n o f t h e air

. H e is, ap p are n tl y, t h e Su n as h e rises in
t he m ists o f t h e m o rn in g : see Bigv eda X
1 23 l 2
. Web er t ran s
. . .

l ates V en a b y der Seh er, t h e Seer, con n ect in g th e w o rd w it h t h e en d

‘ ’
Z
roo t vaén , to see . T hat H ig hest t he Sup rem e First C ause
. P ri m i :
.

u su al l y t h e Sp e ck l ed C o w , t h e v ari egat e d cl o u d, regard ed as t h e

m o t h e r o f t h e M aru ts
. H ere she app ears, l ik e t h e co w A u dh u m b l a o f
Scan d in av ian m yt ho l ogy, to rep rese n t t h e creat i ve p o w er o f N at u re .

A l l l ife that had exi sten ce j d gam d n dh, t h e fem in in e p l u ral stan ds
’

w i t ho u t a su b stan t i ve ; p r aj d h, creat u res, m ay p er h ap s b e u n derst o od

'

o r, as We b er su ggest s, vr dh, h osts, fro m t h e seco n d p a da o f t h e li n e .

T he ho sts e ith er t h e b ein gs cal l ed in to l ife b y t h is act o f Pri sn i, o r

al ready existin g b e ings p rod u ced b y an earl ier act o f creat io n So .

w h en t h e fo u n dat io n s o f th e ear t h w ere l aid : T h e m o rn ing stars san g

t oget h er, A n d all t h e so n s o f Go d sho u ted fo r jo y — Job , 38 7 . .

2 T he Gan dhar va V en a, t h e r isin g Su n A cco rd in g to Web er,

.

t h e sage T hr ee step s : accord in g t o M ahl dh ara, t h e t h m e p addn i ,

’
.

st ep s, o r con dit io ns, are p rod u ct io n , exist en ce , an d d isap p earan ce ; o r

t h e A b so l u t e ( Brah m a), t h e Dem iu rgu s o r C reato r, and th e in d iv idual
so u l. We ber suggests t hat t h e referen ce is to the Pu ru sh a S fik ta -

( Bgi ve da X 9
. 0 .3, A ll crea t u res are o n e fo ur t h o
-
f h im , t h ree
fourth s im m o rt al l ife in h eaven Wit h t h ree-fou rths Pu rush a w en t
.

u p : o n e fo u rt h o f h im again w as h ere T he f ather s f ather : w iser

’ ’
.

t han , an d ab l e to i nstru ct , h is el ders .

42 T H E 11 m m or [ B OO K 1 1 .

3 H is o u r k i nsm an fat h e r, and b eg e t t er : h e k n o w s

e ,

al l b e i n g s an d al l O rd i n ance s .

H e o n ly g av e t he Go ds th e i r ap p e ll at i o n s : al l c rea
t u re s g o t o him t o ask d i r e c t i o n .

Ih av e g o n e fo r th ar o u n d t h e e ar th an d h eave n , I
h av e ap p ro ach e d th e fi rst bo r n S o n o f O rde r -
.

H e , p u t t i n g v o i ce , as t w e r e w i th i n t h e sp e ak e r ,
’
,

stan ds i n th e w o r l d , h e , ve rily i s A g n i .

5 I ro u n d the ih av e t rave ll e d t o
c rc u m j ace n t w or l ds
se e t h e far e x t e n de d t h re ad o f O rde r ,
-

W h e re i n th e G o ds, o b tai n i ng li fe et e rn al, h ave r i se n

u w ar d t o o n e co m m o n bi r th p l ace
p .

Y M N II H .

L o an o f t h e W o rl d d i v i n e Gan dh ar v a o n ly h e , ,

sh o u l d b e h o n o u r e d in t h e T r ib e s an d w o rsh i d
pp e .

F ast w i t h m y sp e ll ce l e sti al G o d I h o l d th e e H o m
, , .

ag e t o t he e ! T h y h o m e is i n t h e h e av e n s .

3 H e t h e A l m 1gh ty C reato r T h e stan za is tak en w it h variat io n s,

.
,

fro m R ig ve da , X
8 2 3 T o ask d i r ecti on o r, fo r in fo rm at io n ; to l earn
. . .

w h o is t h e S u p re m e Go d ; o r w h at t h eir se veral fu n ct io n s an d d u t ies are .

4 Or der ( f i ta) is t h e et e rn al Law o f t h e Un i v erse, an d the fi r st

bo r n so n t h e reo f is Praj apati , t h e C reato r, w h o is in t h is stan za i den t i

fi ed w i t h A gn i .

5 Obt ai n i ng l ife i m m or tal : A g n i al o n e, it is said , w as o r igin all y

im m o r tal , an d t h e o t h er Go ds o b t ain e d im m o rt al it y t h r ou g h h im .

See R ig ve da V 3 4 ; V I 7 4 ; V II 1 3 2
. . . . A cco rd in g to o t h er t e xts
. . .

(R gi v eda I V 5.4 , 2 , a n d IX 1 0 6 i m
. m o rt al it.
y is co n fe rr ed o n t h e m
b y Sav it ar an d b y So m a T h e w h o l e o f t h is Boo k h as b een t ran s
.

l ated , w it h co p io u s exp l an ato ry n o te s, b y Pro fe sso r Web er, I n disch e

St u d ie n, X III pp 1
. 29 — 2 1 6. S ix t ee n o f t.h e h y m n s h a v e b e en t ran sl ate d

b y Pro fesso r Lu d w ig, in De r R igveda, , a n d t h i M e III

n b y D.r G r il l .

i
in h s H un d ert L i e d e r d es A t h a r va v eda
-
.

T h e h y m n is a charm to w insu ccess in gam b l in g .

1 Gan dh ar va cal l ed V isvav asu o r Lo rd o f al l Weal t h in stan za 5, n o t

iden t i fi ed h ere w it h t h e S u n as in II 1 H is esp ec ial du ty is t o gu ard
. .

t h e h eav en l y So m a w h ich t h e Go ds o b t ain t h ro u gh h is p e rm issio n .

T h e gl o rifi cat io n o f w h ich h e is t h e su b ect in t h is gam b l er s hym n is

’
j
g ro ssl y ex agg e rat ed T he T r i bes .fi v e in n u m b e r , w h ich co n st itu te

th e A ryan co m m un it y .
H YM N T H E A T I I A R V A V E DA . 43

2 Sk y -
re ach n i g , li ke th e S u n i n b r i gh tn ess h o ly , ,

h e w ho fro m u s t h e Go ds d i sp l easu re
’
av e rt s ,

Lo rd o f t h e W o r l d, m ay t h e Gan d h ar va bl e ss u s ,

t h e fr i e n dly G o d w h o o n ly m u st b e w o r sh i
pp ed .

3 I cam e , I m et t h e se fau l t l e ss bl am e l e ss be i n g s
,

t h e A p sarase s w as t h e G an d h ar va
am o n g .

e r o m i n —
T i h e s i t h e se a so m e n h ave t o l d m e ,
h
w h e n c e th ey co m e q u i c k ly h i t he r w ard an d v an i sh .

Th o u Cl o u dy ! , y e w ho
fo ll o w t h e G an dh arv a V ieva
v asu , e
y , S tar ry ! Li g ht n i n g Fl ash er ! -

Y o u , O ye Go ddesses, I t ru ly w o rshi p .

5 H au n te r s o f dark n ess, sh r ill i n v o i c e , d i ce l o vers, -

m adde n e rs o f t h e m i n d
T o t h ese h av e I pai d h o m ag e , th e Gan dh ar va s w i ve s,
’

A p sarase s .

H YM N III .

T H A T li ttl e sp r n
g i
o f w at e r w h ich is r u nn n g i do w n
w ar d fro m t he b il l
I t u r n t o h eali ng bal m fo r t h e e t h at t ho u m a st y be
o o d m ed c n e i i
g .

3 Ap sar ases ( p e rh ap s fro m ap , w at er, an d ari , t o go ) ce l est ial

n ym p h s w h o d w el l am o n g t h e cl ou ds, t h e w at e rs o f t h e sea o f air, t he

con so r ts of t h e Gan dhar va or o f t h e cl ass o f Gan d harvas .

4 T hou , Cl ou dy six o t h e r n am es o f A p sarases are gi ven in R ig ved a

X 95 6
. . .

5 H au n ter s of dar kn ess l o vi ng t h e dark w o o ds w h en t h ey v isit t h e

eart h . Di ce l o ver s : T h is is t h e p o in t o f t h e h y m n T h e Gan dh ar va is
-
.

u n du l y g l o rifi ed b e cause h e is t h e co n so rt o f t h e A p sarases ; an d t h ey

are w o rsh ip p ed as b e in g in t im at e l y con n ec t ed w it h d ice an d ab l e to

in fl u en ce t h e gam b l e r s l u ck Sec I V 38 1 — 4 ; V I 1 1 8 1 ;
’
. . 1 09 2, 3
. . . VII . . .

M addener s of th e m i n d o f t h e gam b l er .

T h e h ym n co n tains a ch arm in w h ich w at e r is used t o cu re d isease .

I F o r thee fo r t h e m ixtu re w h i ch t h e speak e r is p rep arin g, an d

w h ich t h e ad d it io n o f fresh w at er f ro m t h e sp r in g w il l m ak e co m p l e t e .

T hat tho u m ay st be g oo d m ed i ci ne : t h at t h e w h o l e m ixt u re t h u s p re par

ed m ay b e t h o ro u gh l e ffec t u al L u d w ig al t ers sd bheshaj am t o ad
y .

bheshaj o , t h at t ho u m ayst hav e goo d m edicin e, re fe rr in g thee an d thou

‘ ’

t o t h e pat ien t fo r who se b enefi t th e ch arm is u t tered .

44 T H E 11 m m or [ BO OK 1 1 .

2 H i th er an d o n w ard ! C om e on ! A m o ng th y
h u n d re d re m e d e s i
M o st e x ce ll e n t o f al l ar t th o u , cu r n
g i di sease an d
m or bi d flo w .

3 T h e A su ras b u ry de e p i n earth th i s m igh ty t hi ng

t h at h eal e t h w o u n ds .

T h i s is t h e cur e fo r m o r bid fl o w , th i s dr i veth m alady

aw a y .

4 T he em m e ts fro m th e w at er fl oo d p ro du ce th i s h eal -

in g m edi c i n e
Th i s is t he cure fo r m orb id flo w , this dr i v eth m alady
y
aw a .

5 M igh t y i s t h i s w o u n d h eal i n g b al m : fr om -
o ut th e
e ar t h w as i t d c d
p r o u e .

T h is is th e cu re fo r m o r bid fl o w , th is dri veth m a ady l

aw a y .

6 B l ess t he W at ers ! b e t h e P l an ts au sp i ci o u s !
us
M ay I n dra s t h u n de r b o l t dr i v e o ff t h e de m o n s
’
F ar .

fr o m u s fall t h e sh afts t h ey sh o o t agai n st u s !

2 H i ther C om e on th e w at er is addressed . T hy t he
chan ge o f te in to m e, m y , w o u l d m ak e t h e m e an ing cl earer . C u r i ng
m or bid fl ow anaer dvd m ,
l it eral l y, w ith ou t derd vd or diarrh m a
See I 2 4
. . .

3 T h e A sur as m al ev o l en t dem o ns ; t h ey are sai d t o hav e b u ri ed

w at er deep i n t h e eart h, ap pare n t l y t h at m e n sh o u l d n o t p ro fi t b y it .

d ie Upaj ik i Grill ; Die Wassern ixen , n ixes, o r

’
4 T he em m ets :
‘
.
‘

w at er fairi es : W eb er an d Lu d w ig
’
-
‘
T he up aj t lcd e o r up adi hds are a
.
’

kin d o f an ts w ho are en do w ed w i t h t h e qual ity o f p ro d u cin g w ate r,

an d t hat to o , b en efi een t, h eali n g w at er, w he re v er t h ey app ear, an d

q
co n se u en t l y w h erever they are app l ied Bl o o m fi el d, A m eri can Jo u r
n al of Phil o l ogy , VII .
p . 4 83 . See al so A t h ar va v eda V I
-
. 1 00 . 2 .

T erm i tes o r w h it e an ts ap p ear to be m ean t, cal l ed in H in d i d i m ah or

d i wak, an o lder fo rm o f up a fit up ad tka,

co rru p t ed fro m u q ih vikd, j a o r

an d fo un d in t h e Rg
i veda .

T h e hy m n h as b een tran sl ate d b y L u d w ig, Der R igveda, I II p 507 , . .

and b y Grill wi th no tes, H un dert Lieder, pp 1 7 , 7 9 . .

46 T H E H YM N S or [8 0 0 K 1 1 .

5 M ay C an nabi s an d Jan g ida p re serve m e fro m V i sh

—
k an dh a, t h at
B r o u gh t t o u s fro m the fo re st , t h i s s ru n g
p fro m th e
sa s o f h u sban d ry
p .

6 Th i s A m u etl de st ro ys t h e m i gh t o f m ag i c and m a lig n

S e m ay i i
v c to r o u s Jan g ida p ro o ng l th e y ears we
h ave to li ve .

H YM N V .

I NDn A , b e g raci o u s, t h o u fo rth , co m e , h e ro , dr i ve

w it h t h y t w o bay st ee ds .

Tast e t h e libat i o n , h i t he r , e njoyi ng m eath an d t he

h y m n , co m e , fai r , t o t he ban q u e t .

2 O I n dra , e v e n as o n e at h r st , i fill th e e w i t h m e at h as

t w er e fro m heave n
’
.

Sw e e t t o n ed, t h e re tu res
-
. of th i s j u ice h ave co m e to
t h e e as t o t h e l ig t .

5 C an n abi s sand h em p ; C ann ab is Sat iva T he sap s of husban d ry .

t h e m o ist u re o f t h e cu l t i vat ed an d irrigated so il T h e h em p, o n t h e .

o t h er h an d, g ro w s w i th o u t cu l t i vat ion .

I n dra is in v ite d to com e an d dr in k a l ib at io n of So m a j u ice.

1 T h is st anza an d t h e t w o t hat im m ed iat e l y fo l l o w it are fo un d,

w i th v ariat io n s, in Sam av eda I I . i ii i 22
. . . T he m e t re is so m e w hat

irregul ar . T h e stanzas are o b scu re ; an d 2 an d 3 are ch aract erize d by

the rep e t it io n o f n et, l ik e,
’ ’ ’
‘ ‘
as
‘
as it w ere, w h ich recu rs six t i m es .

steeds : t his is t h e u su al
’
wo bay num b e r assign ed to I n d ra in t h e
Rg
i ve da ; b u t i n o n e passa g (
e 1 8 4— 6 t h e wo rsh i
) pp e r in v it e II
s t h.e .

God t o co m e w ith t w o , w it h fo u r , w it h six, an d so on u p t o a h u n d re d,

t h e p ro g ressi ve m p l i cat i o n u l ti
b e i ng
p e r h ap s i n t e n ded t o in d icat e t h e

e ve r in creasin g rap id it y w it h w h ich t h e w o rsh ip p er p ray s t h e Go d to

ap p ro ach T he Sch o l iast says t h at b y t h e ir su p ern at u ral p o w er t he

.

t w o h o rses o f I n d ra m u l t ip l y t h em sel ves in defi n i te l y N eath t he .

So m a j u ice .

2 As o ne athi r st l it eral l y, l ik e a new ( d ri n k er

) . Sweet toned
-

acco m p an ied w i t h sw ee t so n gs .
H YM N T H E A T H A R V A V E DA -
. 47

3 Sw i ft -
c o n qu e r n i g I ndra , M i tra -
li k e ,
sm o t e , as a Yat i ,

V ritra de ad .

L i k e B h rigu h e cl e ft V al a th ro u gh , an d q u ell ed h is
fo es i n S o m a s rap t u ro u s j o y
’
.

4 O I n dra l e t th e
j u i ces e n t e r t h e e Fill fu ll th y b e lly
, .
,

sate t h ee m i h ty o n e ! L e t t h e h y m n b r i n t h ee
g , g .

H e ar t ho u m
y c a ll a c ce
p t t h e son
g I si n
g,
h e re , ,

I n dra w i t h t hy fri e n ds e nj o y t h y se l f to heigh t o f

, ,

ra
p t u re .

5 N o w w ill I t e ll t h e m an ly de e ds o f I n dra, t h e fi rst

t h at h e ac h e v e d ,i the t h u n de r w i e l d e r
-
.

H e s ew l t h e D rago n , th e n discl o se d th e w aters, an d

c e ft
l th e c h an n e s o f l th e m o u n ta n i t o rre n t s .

6 H e s ew l t h e D rag o n lyi n g on the m o u n ta n i h is

h e av e n ly b o l t of t h u n de r T v ash t ar fash i o n e d .

Li k e l o w i ng k i n e i n rap i d fl o w de sce n di n g t h e w aters

g li d e d d o w n w ard t o t h e oc ean .

3 As a Yati o n e of a m y t h i cal race o f asce t ics conn ecte d w i th t he

Bhrigu s, an d said, acco rd in g to o n e l egen d, to have t ak en part in t h e
creatio n o f t h e w o rl d . T h e fo rce o f t h e co m p ari so n is n o t v ery o b v i

o us ; an d p e rh a s
p it w o u l d b e b e t t er, as Lu dw ig su ggests, to gi v e

y dt i h h ere t h e m ean in g o f wrest l er .

’
Web e r
t ran sl at es it b y au b rer, Z ’

m agi cian , en ch an t er . Bh rigu a R ish i regard ed as t h e an cest o r o f

t h e an cien t race o f Bhrigu s w h o are freq u en t l y m en t i o n e d

Bg i in t he
v e da in co n n exio n w it h A g n i, an d w h o are sp e cial l y assoc iate d w it h

t h e A t h arva-v eda h ym ns . V al a : a d em o n o f dro u gh t w h o st eal s t h e co w s

of t h e Gods an d h ides t h em i n a valet, en cl osu re o r cave, t h at is, k eeps

the seaso n ab l e rain s im p r iso n ed in dark t h ick cl o u ds .

5 Stanzas 5— 7 ar e tak en v eda I 32 3 T h e Dr ag on

1 —
fr o m Bgi . . .

A h i , t h e great se rp en t , an o t h er n am e o f V ri tra, t h e ch ief de m o n o f

dro u gh t .

6 T he m ou n tai n t h e great m o un ta in -
l ik e cl o u d . T rash tar th e
In dian H ep haest us or V u l can us, t h e cel est ial A rt ifi cer .
48 T H E H YM N S or [B OOK I f .

I m p e tu o u s as a bull h e ch o se t h e So m a an d fl d
'

7 , qu a e

t h e j u i ce s i n t hr e e sacr e d b e ak e rs .

M ag h avan g rasp e d t h e t h u n de r fo r his w eap o n , an d

sm o te t o deat h t h i s fi rst b o r n o f t h e drago n s-
.

H YM N V I .

I I A LF YE A R S
‘
-
an d se aso ns st re n gt h e n t he e , O A g n i ,
th e y ears ,
an d al l the V er it i es , an d R i sh i s !
Flash fo r th w th i th y ce l e st i al e ff ul g e n c e : ill u m i n e

al l fo u r reg o n s i o f t h e h e av e ns .

2 K i n dl e th e e , A g n i an d , m ak e
th i s m an p r o sp er : r i se
u p e re ct fo r h i gh an d h a p p y fo r tu n e .

A g n i , b e th o se u n i nj u re d Wh o ado r e t he e , an d m ay
t h y p r i e sts b e g l o r i o u s an d n o o t h e rs .

3 Th e se B ra h m an s h ave el e ct e d th ee , O A g n i : b e th o u
r o i t i o u s i n o u r sac red c h am be r
p p .

S l aye r o f r i val s, A g n i , q u ell o u r fo e m e n : w atch i n

o u r h o u se w i t h c ar e t h at n e v er ce ase s .

7 J n thr ee sacr ed beaker s tr i kadr u keshu ; acco rd in g t o Si yana, at

the three sacr ifi ces cal l ed Jyo t is, Gau h, an d A yu s, t h e fi rst t h re e days
an d qu afl ed in t h ree fo l d sac rifi ce t h e
'

of t h e A b h ip l ava fest i val :

j u i ces .
’
M aghao an t h e Bo u n t eo us On e ( I n dra) .

I n d ra w it h h is t h u n der b o l t slay s t he Drago n w h o o b st r u ct s t h e

,

rai n ; o r sh at ters th e m assiv e cl o u d s t h at gat h er at t h e e n d o f t h e

seaso n o f d ro u gh t , an d sen ds t h e w at ers do w n u po n t h e p arch ed eart h .

S im il ar l y A p o l l o , t h e Sun Go d , sl ew t h e great serp en t Py t h o n ; an d

-

Od in , as Go d o f t h e Su n o r Sp rin g i n N o rt h ern m yt h o l o gy, sl ays t h e

se rp e n t w h o rep resen t s t h e w e t an d m ist y w in te r .

T h e h ym n has b een discussed b y vo n R o t h in h is A b h an dl u n g fi b e r

d en A t harva-v eda, p p 1 1 — 1 4 . .

T h e h ym n is a p rayer t o A gn i fo r p ro tect io n .

1 T he p o et p rays t hat t h e Sacri fi c ial F ire, represen tin g A gn i o n

ear t h , m ay co n t in ual l y in crease in st re n gt h an d spl en do u r H alf y ear s .
-

sdm ds m o n t h s, acco rd ing t o M ah id h ara : days, acco rd in g to W e h e r .

h l l h sco re o r sacred p oets t o w h o m h h n s o f t h e V eda

{f i s i s a t e t e ym
h av e b een reveal ed .

2 T h is m an t h e inst it u t or o f t h e sacr ifi ce.

3 H ave el ected the e to b e t h e i r great C h ief Priest . Sacr ed cham ber

o r, san ct uary t h e sacr ifi cial hal l o r e n cl osu re .
H YM N THE A T H A R V A VE DA .

4 Se ize , A g n i , o n t hy p o w e r an d fi r m ly ho l d it : co nt e nd
t h o u w i th t h e F ri e n d by w ay o f fr i e n dsh i p .

Plac ed in th e c e n t re o f o u r fe ll o w s, A g n i , flash fo rth

t o b e i n v o k e d by k i n gs aro u n d t h e e .

5 P ast t h o se w h o slay , p ast e n e m i e s, p ast t h o u g h t l e ss

m e n , p ast t h o se w h o hat e ,
Y e a, A g n i , h ear u s safe p ast al l di str esses : g i ve t h o u
u s o p u l e n ce w i t h m e n abo u t u s .

H YM N V II .

H A T ED by si n n ers , s
p ru n
g fr o m G o ds , t h is Plan t th at
t u r n s t h e cu rse aw ay
H at h w ash ed fro m m e al l c u rse s, as w at er m ak e s
c l e an fr o m sp o t an d stai n .

2 A ll c u rses o f a ri val , e ac h c u r se o f a fe m al e re l at i v e ,
C u rse u ttered by an an g r y p ri e st , al l t h e se w e t r e ad

be ne at h o u r fe e t .

3 S p read on the su rfac e o f th e e ar t h , do w nw ard fro m

h eav e n t hy ro o t de p e n d s
W i t h t h i s that hath a t h o u sand j o i n ts k e e p t ho u us
safe o n e v ery si d e .

4 G u ard on al l s ides t h i s w o m an , gu ard m y ch il dre n ,

u s, an d al l o u r w eal t h !
o e rco m e , n o r adv e rsar es co n
’
L et not m a li gn i ty i q u er
us .

4 T he F r i en d t h e Go d M lt ra . By w ay f f
o r i en d sh ip m i tr adhd ’
.

5 T h e fi rs t l in e o f t h e st an za is in t h e A n ush tu p m et re t he rest o f

t h e hy m n is T rish tu p .

T h e hym n is a cou n t er c harm ag ai n st im p recat ion an d m al ig n ity

-
.

1 T his P l an t Dar b h a o r Knsa grass ( Pea C y n osu ro id es), m uc h u sed

in sacrifi c ial ce rem o n ies an d end o w ed w ith var io u s san c t ify ing q u al it ies .

3 Dow n w ar d fi o m heaven : re fe rrin g t o its di v in e o rigin : 0 Pl an t ‘

( D a rb h a), t h y roo t is i n t h e h ea v e n s
’
A t h.arv a-v ed a X X 3 2 3 I . . .

A thousan d j o i n ts Dar b h a is a g rass t h at sp read s rap idl y an d co n

tin ual l y t e ro o ts itsel f
-
. j
T h e m u l t ip l icit y o f o in ts o r roo ts in d icates
t h e far reachi n g p o w e r o f t h e p l an t
-
.
to r e s H YM N S or .

[3 0 0 K 1 1 .

5 Up o n t h e cu rse r fall h is c u r se l D w e ll w e w it h h i m
w h o se h e ar t is t ru e
W e sp li t the cru e l v illai n s ’
r ibs w h o se ev il e
y e
b e w i tch es u s .

H YM N V III .

T WI N S tars o f h app y o m en, nam ed R l

e ease rs, h ave
g o ne u
p . M ay t h e y
L o o se , of i n h e ri t ed di sease , th e u
pp e rm o st an d l o w est
bo n d .

2 V an i sh t h i s Ni g h t , e xt i n c t in Daw n l L e t t h o se w h o
'

w e av e t he i r sp e ll s de p ar t .

S o l e t t h e p l ag u e dest r o yi n g P l an t re m o ve i n h e r i t ed
-

d i sease .

5 B ew i tches u s dread o f th e e vi l eye ( ch ash m -

i b ad) is
-
st i ll as

p re val e n t in I n dia, esp ec ial l y am o n g w o m en , as it is, an d h as b een

fro m earl t im i It al y— e sp ecial l y in t h e so u t h ern p arts— w h ere t he
y es, n

rep u tat io n o f b e in g a j ettat o re or j ett at rice ( cast e r of t h e ev il eye )

b ri ngs ost raci sm an d so c ial ru in u p o n p p
e o l e e ven o f t h e h igh est ran k .

T h e h ym n h as b een t ran sl ate d b y Lu dw i g, Der R ig ved a, III .

p 508, .

an d b y Gri l l , H un dert Lieder, p p 34 , 8 1 . .

T h e h ym n is a ch arm against kshetr i yd, so m e hereditary disease,

p e rh ap p
s u l m o n ar
y Co nsu m p t ion .

1 R el easer s : vi chri tau ; t h e an ci en t n am e of t h e l u n ar ast er ism

cal l e d M il l ab arhani or Mfil a . Of i nher i ted di sease kshetr i ydsy a ; t h e
w ord m ean s o rigin al l y o f, o r bel o n ging to , a kshetra ( H in di khet ) a
fi el d ; an d, as a n eu t er su b stan t iv e, a chro ni c, con st it u t io n al , or h ere
di t ary d isease, derived fro m t h e m o t h er s b ody regarded as a p rod u c
’

t i v e fi el d . Web e r t ak es th e w o rd h ere to re fer to in j ur

y of t h e fi eld o r

farm ; an d st anzas —
3 5 seem al m ost t o
y h is i j
n t e rpretat io n
u st if . An
al t ern at ive v ersio n m igh t b e : o f t h e sp el l t h at b in ds o u r fi el d
’
.

2 T ho se who weave thei r sp el l s w i tch es an d fe m al e fi en ds . T he

re frain in t his an d th e fo l l o w in g stan zas m igh t b e, in acco rdan ce w i t h
Web er s '
in t erp re tat io n M ay t h e p l agu e stayin g Pl an t
‘ -
rem o ve th e
fi el d
’
sp e l l t h at l ie s u
p o n o ur .
H YM N M s A T H A R VA V E DA -
. 01

3 W i t h st raw o f barl e y y bro w n in co l o u r w i th its

taw n -

sil v e ry e ars w i th stal k an d ste m o f S esam u m

'

S o l e t th e p l agu e de st ro yi ng Plan t re m o v e i n h e r i t e d
-

d i se ase .

4 L e t h o m age to th y p l o ug h s b e pai d, o u r ho m ag e t o
t h e p o l e an d y o k e s .

S o l e t t h e p l ag u e de stro y i ng Pl an t re m o v e in he r i ted
d i se ase .

5 H o m ag e to in c n w i t h bli nk i n g e ye s, b o rn 9 t o th o se
w h o h ear an d no t ! T o th e F i e l d s L o rd
’
0 ho m age

p a i d .

S o l e t t h e p lagu e de st ro y ing P lan t rem o ve i n h er ite d

-

d i sease .

H YM N IX .

F ans t h is m an , Dasav riksha ! fro m t he de m

o n , fro m

G rAhl w h o h at h se i zed h is j o i n t s an d m e m be rs,

A n d rai se h i m u p agai n , 0 T re e , i n to t h e w o r l d o f
li v i n g m en .

2 H e h at h ar i se n and co m e o n ce m o re, j
re o n e d
i th e
band o f th o se w h o li v e .

M ay h e be co m e t he si re o f so ns, an d of all m e n m o st
fo rt u n at e .

5 M en bl inki ng eyes : farm l ab o u rers w ho h av e wo rked t il l t hey

w i th -

c an n o t k ee p t h e ir eyes o pe n Web er su ggest s t hat good nat u red

.
-

Ko b o ld l ik e do m est ic sp rit es m ay be in t e n ded Perhap s th ey h ave

-
.

w o rk ed al l n ig h t ; as M il t o n ( L Al l egro ) sp eak s of t h e d ru dgi n g go b l i n

’ ‘ ’

w h o earns h is b o w l o f c ream b y t h resh i ng m o re com in o n e n ig h t

t han te n day-l ab o urers coul d fi n ish T he F i eld s Lord kshetr ap ati
’
.

t h e Ge n ius Lo ci, t h e t u te l ary de i ty o f t h e fi e ld , som et im es said to b e

-

A gn i, o r R u d ra : see Big veda I V 57 1 , 2 T he hym n has b een trans

. . .

l ated by Lu d w ig, Der R igveda, I I I p 51 3 . . .

T he h ym n is a charm to cure dan gero u s disease .

1 Dagavri hsha : exp lain ed b y t h e Kau sik a-S fl t ra an d N fi h ( XXV I I .

5) as an am u l e t m ade o f ten k in ds o f h o l y w o od w h ich is t o he em p l oy

e d i h t h e p ro cess o f reco ve rin g t h e p at ie n t Grahi : a fem al e fi e n d .

w h o se izes m e n an d cau ses deat h and disease .

2 H e hath ar i sen : t he effect o f t h e c h ar m b e in g regarded as certain .

T h e ao rists are p ro p h et ic p reter it s : Grill
‘ ’
-
.
 w e s u ms or [ s o ar 1 1 .

3 H e hath r e t u rn e d to i
co n sc o u sn ess, j i
re o n e d th e
’
li v i n g s fi r m ab o de s,
F o r h u n dr e d l e e ch es are i n t h is, yea, an d a t h o u san d
he ali n g h erb s .

4 T h e Go ds, t h e B rah m an p r i est s, an d p l an ts o b serv ed

-

t h e w ay t o gat h e r t h e e
A l l d e i t i e s d esc r i ed th e w ay m e n gath er th e e u p o n
t h e e art h .

5 L e t h im w h o m ade it al so h e al : h e , t ru l y , is t he
d e ft e st l e e ch .

P u re , w i t h a l eech h e ve ri l y sh all g i ve t h ee m edi ci n es

t h at h eal .

YM N X H .

F ao n fam ily si ck n e ss k i n sm e n s cu rse D estru ct i o n

,
’

, ,

fro m D ru h fro m V ar u na s n o o se I free an d save th e e

’
.
,

W i t h sp e l l an d p raye r I m ak e t h e e p u re and si n l e ss
t o t h ee b e b o t h t h e E ar th an d H e av e n au sp i c i o u s !
, ,

3 H u n d r ed l eeches ar e i n thi s t h e am u l et p o ssesses t h e h eal ing

p o w er o f a h u n dred p h ysic ian s an d a t ho u san d m edicin al herb s .

4 Br ahm an p ri ests p rie sts

-
v erse d in sacred k n o w l edge w h o su p er

v ise an d d i re ct t h e sacr i fi ce .

5 H i m w ho m ad e i t : p rob ab l y t h e Go d t o w h o m t h e o rigin o f t h e
am u l et , t h at is, t h e w oo d o f w h ich it w as m ad e , i s at t rib u t ed Wi th a .

l eech t h e am u l et co n tain s in i t sel f ( st 3) t h e p o w ers o f a h u n d red

.

h sician s an d a t h o u san d h eal i n g h erb s, so t h e Go d w h e n h e g i ves i t

p y
su p p l ies b o t h l eech and m ed i ci n e T h e in st ru m en t al bhi sh tij a, w it h a
.

l ee ch, m ak es t h e l in e d iffi cu l t an d o b scur e We ber say s t hat it g i ves

.

n o se n se, an d read s bhi shdj d rn i n st ead : A s p ur est o f p hysician s it

m u l et ) in deed shall g iv e t h ee ( t h e p at ie n t ) m ed i cin es
’

( t h e a .

T h e h ym n is an A b so l u t io n an d a Ben ed ict io n , t o b e u sed, acco rd in g

t o l at er au th o rit ies, in t h e Birt h r it u al o r ce r em o n y af te r t h e b i rt h o f a
-

ch il d, at t h e fi rst w ash in g o f t h e in fan t Bu t t h is d oes n o t ap p ear t o

.

j
b e t h e o rig in al o b ect o f t h e h y m n .

1 F a m i l y si ckn ess kshe tr i ya; h ere di tary d isease see 1 1 8 l . . .

Ki n sm en s cu r se r i val ry an d en m it y b e t w een re l at iv es b y b l o o d se e m
’

t o h ave b ee n th e ru l e : bhr atri vya, fat h e r s b ro t h e r s so n , co u sin , m ean s

’ ’

al m ost e xc l u sivel y e n e m y i n t h e V ed a an d suj ata an d saband h u f re

q u e n t l y im p l y r i val ry as w el l as co n san g u in i t y D estru cti o n : N irri t i ,

.

t h e Goddess o f Deat h , Dest ru ct io n , an d M isfo rt u n e in gen eral Dr uh .

54 TH E s u ave or [ B OOK 11 .

F r o m fam ily si ck n e ss , k i n sm e n s c u rse ,

‘
D est r u c t i o n ,
fro m D r u h , fro m V I t h us r e l e ase t h ee
’
ar u na s n o ose .

8 T he Go ds hav efre e d h o m si nfh l n e ss re de e m i n g t h e

'

S u n , t h e L aw fl o m dar k n ess an d fro m Gr ah i

'
.

F ro m fam ily si ck n e ss, k i n sm e n s cu rse , D est ru ct i o n ,

’

f ro m D r u h , fro m V aru na s n oo se I t hu s r e l e ase th e e

’
.

W i t h sp ell an d p ray er I m ak e t h ee p u re an d si n l e ss
t o t hee be bo t h , t he E ar th an d H eave n , au sp icio us l

H Y M N XI .

DA R T d ar t dest ro y e r o f dest ru c ti o n , t h o u art

aga n st i ,

t h e m i ssil e se n t to m e e t t h e m i ssile .

R e ach t hy su p e r i o r , t h o u ; su r pass t h i n e e q u al .

2 S rak t ya ar t t h o u , an A m ul e t ar t t h o u , a c o u n ter
c h ar m o f sp e l ls .

R e ac h t h y su p e ri o r , t h o u ; su r pass t h i n e e q u al .

8 U se sp e ll s ag ai n st t h e m an w e h at e , ag ai n st t h e m an
w h o hat e t h u s
R eac h t hy su p e r i o r , t ho u ; su r pass t h i n e e qu al .

4 A p ri nce ar t t h o u , g i v e r o f spe e c h , th o u ar t o u r
bo di e s st ro ng defe nce
’
,

R each t hy su p e ri o r , t h o u ; su r pass th i n e e qu al .

8 R edeem i ng the Su n , the Law as t he Go ds h ave rescu ed t he Su n

fro m ecl ipse an d p rese r ved t he O rd e r o f t h e Uni verse fro m t h e fi e n d s
’

at tack , so t h ey have ab so l ved t h ee fro m sin T h e S un, an d t h e Law, .

are in t ro d u ced m er e l y b y way o f il l ust rat io n .

T h e hym n has b ee n t h o ro ughly discussed b y W eb er, I n disch e St u dien,

X I p p 1 56 1 63 I t has al so b een t ran sl ated by Lu d wig, Der
II . .
— .

R ig veda, I I I 51 3 . .

T he j
su b ect o f t h e h ym n is an A m u l et wh ich is to act as a cou n te r
c h arm again st t h e sp e ll s o f an e n em y .

2 Sr ak ty a o n e o f t h e san ta o r h o l y t rees m en t io n ed in a l ist gi ven

in t h e Kau sik u Sli t ra, V l II 1 5, an d iden t ifi ed b y Di ri l a w it h t h e
-
.

T il ak a w h ich is a t ree b ea ri ng b e a u t if u l fl o w er s T h e A m u l e t t h at is .

to w ard o ff w i t ch cr a ft is m a d e o f t h e w oo d o f t h is t re e : see Bl oo m fi e ld ,

J
A m e r ican o u rn al o f Ph il o l ogy , 477 VII . .

4 A p r i nce sar i ; an inst it u t o r o f sacri fi ce ; a l o rd o r chief Gi ver .

of sp eech m aki n g t h y wearer el o u en t q .

8 1m m T H E A T H A R VA V EDA - . as

5 F u lg e n t ar t th o u , an d sp e n d l id , t h o u art h e aven l y
l u stre , th o u ar t li gh t .

R each t hy i e r or, th o u ; su r ass th n e e qu al . i

su
p p
H YM N X I I .

T n s sp ac io us Fi r m am e n t , and E art h an d H eav e n,

F i l d Q d h w o n de rfu l W i de S t ride r ,
’
t hee s u ee n a n t e ,
-

Y e a t h e bro ad m iddl e air

, wh ich v a ts g u ardet h,
m ay h t e se n o w b u r n w it h h ea t w h il e I a m b u r n i n
g .

2 Li st e n t o t h i s y e G o d
,
s w h o m e r i t w o rsh i
p H y m ns .

h e re ar e su ng fo r m e hy B harad v hj a .

B o u n d i n t h e n o o se m ay he b e do o m ed t o t r o u b l e
w h o e ve r m ars t h i s t hat o u r m in d h ath p u r p o sed .

3 H ear t h i s m y call 0 I n dra So m a dr i n k e r as w i t h a

, ,
-
,

b u rn i n g h eart I o ft i n vok e th e e .

I sm it e as t w e r e a t re e fe ll ed w it h a h atc he t th e
,
’
,

m an w ho w ar re t h th i s m y p l an an d p u rp o se .

T h e hym n is an ap p eal t o H eav e n an d Ear th an d o t h er Po w ers fo r

sym pat h y an d fo r a
v eng e n ce o n a m al icio u ad v ersary w h o has rev il ed
s
an d o b st ru ct ed t he re l i gious dut i es o f t h e in u red w o rsh ip pe r
j .

1 T he Fiel d s Queen t h e fem al e de it y w h o is t he sp ecial gu ard i an

’

o f t h e cu l t i vat ed l an d Wi de Stri der V ish nu , a Go d o f t he u p p er

.
-

reg io n w ho as a pe rso n ifi cat io n o f t h e S un t rav e rse s t h e w o rld in t h ree

st ri des, his risi n g , cu l m in at io n , an d se t t in gs see Big ved a I 1 54 , 1 55; .

1 56, an d V II 9 9, 1 00
. t a c m V fiy u, t h e Go d o f Win d
. Bu m .

sai th heat sy m pat h ize w ith m e in m

y fi e i n d ig na t io n W e b e r an d .

ot h ers se e here a, re feren ce t o an o rd b y fi re w hich t he Bishi .

un dergoes o r o fi ers t o u n dergo , an d t o w hich t he invo ked Po w ers al so

’

,
as h is co m p u rgat o rs, are cal l ed up o n t o su b m it ,

T h e t hree wo rl ds, H eaven, Ear th, an d F irm am en t , an d t h eir t h ree

ro m o t in g Powers a re in vo k ed ; b u t instead of V hyu h im sel f t h e A ir
p ;
o r F irm am en t w h ich h e o v erns is aga i
“

m n t io n ed
g n e .

2 Bh ar ad i dj a t h e great Bish i an cient t im es, cel eb rawd in t h e

of ‘

Bgi ve da, is su pp os e d to b e p rese n t j

an d assist i ng t he in u red w o rsh ip p e r .

T hi s that o u r m i n d hath p u rp o sed the sacrifi ce wh ich w e i n t en d to

3 H atchet here a ain Web er sees an al l usio n to t he heated axe

u sed i n t h e o rd eal gy fi re : b ut no t h in g m o re than an ill ust rati o n
seem s t o he in ten ded .
t s TH E H YMN S [ B OOK II .

4 To ge th e r w i th i gh ty S hm a singers A n girases
t h ri ce -
e -
, ,

an d V asu s an d A d i t yas , ,

M ay th e fe li ci ty o f th e F at h er s gu ard u s I se i ze .

t h at m an w i t h fi re t h at G o ds h av e k i n dl ed .

5 0 H e av e n an d E art h re gard m e w i t h yo u r fav o u r , ,

an d al l y e G o ds stan d o n m y si de an d h e l p m e
, , .

A n g ir ase s F at h e rs w o rt h y o f t h e S o m a ! w o e fall o n
,

h i m w h o cau se d t h e h at e fu l o u t rage
6 W h o e ve r e i t h e r sco r n s u s 0 ye M aru ts o r bl am es , ,

de v o t i o n w h i ch w e n o w are p ayi n g ,

L e t h is o w n w i ck ed de e ds b e fi re s t o b u r n h i m M ay .

H eav e n co n su m e t h e m an w h o hat es dev o t i o n .

7 T hy se v e n fo l d v i tal bre at h th i n e e ig h t m arro w s ,

I re n d aw ay w i t h p ray e r .

W i t h A g n i as t h i n e e n vo y go p re p ar ed to Yam a s , , ,
’

d w e lli n g p l ace -
.

4 T hri ce-eig h ty S am si ng er s
-
o r si n gers of h ym ns . T he m ean in g

is no t cl ear , an d Lu dw ig reads so m ap ebhi h

, So m a -
d r in k ers, in st ead of

sd m ag ebhi h w h ich ,
he says, g i v es n o sen se . Web e r t hin k s t h at t h e

t h rice e ig h t y
-
si n g e rs o f S hm an s are m en , A dityas, V asu s, A n gi rases,
an d M an es w h o ap p ear at t h e o rdeal as co m p g
u r ato rs or w it n esses t o

p ro v e t h e i n n ocen ce of t h e accu sed, w h ose im p o rtan ce n ecessi t at es t h e

p rese n ce o f so l arge a n u m b er T h e n u m b e r eigh ty , P ro fesso r W eb er

.

o b serves, frequ e n t l y occurs in co n n e xio n w it h t he F i re rit u al

-
. A ng i
r ases regard ed as a h igh er race of b ein gs b et w een Go ds an d m e n,

t h e typ ical fi rst sac r ifi cers, w h ose ri t u al is t he p att ern wh ich l at er

est s m u st fo l l o w F h M A l h d d
’

p r i at ers a n es
. o r n ce st ra Sp i n t s ; t e e ifi e

sp ir its o f th e an cestors o f t h e R ish is, associated w it h t h e Go ds an d

e xe rcs i n g su p e r h u m an
'

p o w ers : H ym n s o f t h e R ig veda, Ge n eral

see

In dex I I . T he f el i ci ty, i ahtdp d r tdm , o f t he F at h ers, i s t h e re w ard

w h ich t h ey re ce i ve in h eav en fo r t h e ir sac ri fi ces an d p io us w o rk s on

eart h . T hat m an t h e ad versary . Wi th fi r e w it h fi ery in d ign at io n .

6 T h is st an za i s t ak e n , w it h v ariat ion s, fro m Rg

i veda V I 52 2 . . . It
Was p erh ap s sp o k en b y t h e p riest .

7 T h is stanza an d t he n ext are addre ssed b y th e co m p l ai n an t to his

ad versary .

S evenf o l d vi tal br eath drawn t h ro u gh eyes, ears, n o st ril s, an d m ou t h .

E ight m arr ow s o n e in each di visio n o f each arm an d l eg .

H YMN m m A T H A R V A V E DA -
. 57

8 I n Ja tave das ki n d l ed fl am e
’
I set t h e p l ace ass ig n ed
t o t h ee .

L et fi re co n su m e t h y b o dy , an d th y i
vo ce g o t o th e
e n er al b re at h
g .

Y M N X II I H .

Stre n gth gi v er w i n n i n g l e n g t hen ed li fe 0 A gn i

-
, , ,

w i t h fac e an d b ack sh i n i n w i t h m o l te n bu tte r ,

D ri n k th o u t h e b u t t e r an d air m il k an d h o n e y an d , ,

as a si r e h is so n s k e e p t h i s m an safe ly , .

2 F o r u s su rr o u n d h i m c o v e r h i m w i t h sp l e n do u r g i v e
, ,

h im l o n g li fe an d de ath w h e n ag e r e m o v e s h i m
, .

T h e g arm e n t h at h B ri h asp at i p rese n ted t o S o m a ,

t o th e K i n g t o w rap ab o u t h im
, .

3 Th o u fo r o u r w e al h ast c l o t h ed t h e e i n t h e m an tl e
’
th o u h ast be co m e o u r h e i fe r s u ard fro m w it ch c raft .

Li v e t ho u a h u n dred fu ll an d p e n t eo u s au tu m ns an d ,

w r ap t h ee in p ro sp e r i ty o f r i ch e s .

C o m e h i th er stan d u p o n t h e sto n e : th y b o dy sh all

,

b eco m e a st o n e .

T h e U n i ve rsal Gods sh all m ak e t h y li fe a h u n dred

au t u m n s l o n g .

8 T he gener al br eath t o t h e el em en t t o w h ich i t b e l o n gs ; l ik e t o lik e .

T he h ym n h as b een t ran sl ated b y Lu dw i g, De r R ig veda, I I I p 4 4 5, . .

an d t ransl at ed an d t h o ro ug h l y di scu ssed b y Gril l , H u n dert Lied er, pp .

4 7 , 85— 8 8, an d by W e b er ,
I n di sch e St u dien, X pp 1 64 — 171 III . . .

T he j
su b e ct o f t h e hy m n is a yo u t h s in v est i tu re ’
w it h a n ew gar

m en t at a ce rem o n y ( go dd n am ) p e r fo rm ed w h en he at tain s th e age o f

si xt ee n o r e ig h t e en y ears, an d sh o rt l y b e fo re his m arriage .

1 Wi n n i ng l en gth en ed l ife fo r t h e yo u t h .

2 T h e Go ds are addressed , as t h e im p erat ives i n t h e fi rst l in e are

p l u ral . T h e st anza re cu rs in XIX . 24 4

. .

3 A ddressed t o t h e yo u t h w h o has n ow b eco m e an adu l t m em b er of

t h e fam il y w it h d u t ies to p erfo rm .

4 Shal l becom e a sto ne : fi rm an d st ro ng to en dure : of . I . 2 2 .

M ak e d
’
m y b o y sto n e .
as m e H YM N -S or [ BOOK
5 so m ay U n i ve rsal Go ds p ro te c t t h e e w h o m w e
th e ,

d i v e st o f rai m e n t w o r n afo r e t i m e .

S o afte r t h e e , w e ll fo r m e d an d g ro w i n g st ro ng e r
.
,

b e b o r n a m u l t i t u de of t h r i v i n g b ro t h e r s .

H Y M N X IV .

F o ur s
fr o m , ,t he h all t h e ho l d th e sharp th e g re edy
o n e , t h e si n g l e v o i c ed -
,

Sadhn vhs, an d al l p ro g e n y o f C h anda w e e x te r m i nate .

2 W e d r i v e y o u fo rt h ii m cat l sh ed, fr o m axl e , fro m

o t e
'
-

it h i n t h e wai n,

5 T he Un i ver sal Gods t h e V igve Dev i l) , V isved e v as, o r A l l Go ds -

.

T hr i vi ng br o ther s t h e yo u t h is ap p aren t l y an o n l y so n .

T he cere m o y , t h l
e de t a s o f w
i h i h i i t h K ik —S fi t
n c. are g v e n n e au s a r
a,
L II I , LI V , i t h e to ga
’
re m in ds o n e o f t he R om an yo u t h s assum t
p n o of

vir il is, an o ccasio n w h ich w as ce l e b rat ed w ith great j

re o ici n gs b y h is
,

f r i e n ds . T h e h y m n has b een t ransl ated b y Lud w ig, Der R ig veda,

I I I p 4 46
. . .

T h e hym n is a ch arm t o b an ish e v il creat u res fro m t h e h o use an d

ho m est ead .

l F or th fi o m the hal l : n i ssdl d m acco rd in g to Sa a

y n, a t he nam e o f
Pi siicb i fem al e gob lin T his w o rd an d t h e t w o fol l o w in g are ex
‘

a or .

t rem el y d ifi cu l t, an d, as th ey stan d in t he t ext , can n o t b e sat isfact o ril y?

exp l ain ed, T he bo ld dh ri shnti m a m ascu l in e fo rm u sed apparen t l y

fo r t h e fem in in e . T he sh arp : dhi shd nam th e m ean ing of t h e w o rd

is n o t cl ear, an d t h e fe m in i ne fo rm is re qu ired . Web er reads dh i shd
4
9 m acco rd in gl y , deri vi n g it fro m dha, t o h o ld . T he gr eed y one
’
j ig ha tstiam from ghas, t o eat . T he si ng l e -
to ned ekavdd yd m som e

t ro ub l eso m e creat u re t hat u t t ers one co n st an t l y re peat ed so u n d.

Web e r suggests t hat the w ood w o rm dist ract in gl y c u

-
or b o re r, a m ost

Sadd n vd s acco rd in g to the Niruk t a, al w ays

'

n o y in g p l ag u e, is m ean t .

m ak in g a n o ise ( sadd , al ways, an d n u, to cr

y) , e ve r -scree c
hing o r,
as
Web er , Grassm ann , an d
Gril l p re fer, dem o n iacal , fi en dish, fro m ad ,
w it h , an d dan u o r ddnava, a dem o n C ha da t h e fi erce o n e ; t h e
n .

n am e o f a chief go b l in
p e rh ap s K in g o f t h e R at s, as co n e ct ure d b y j
Web er w h o th in ks, w it h m u ch p rob ab il ity, t hat t h e e vil creat ures t hat
are to b e b an ished are rat s an d m ice to who m t h e epi th e ts used will
wel l ap p l y .
H YM N m s
'

A T H A R V A V EDA -
.

Y e dau ghte rs o f M ag u n di , w e fri ghte n an d chase

o u fro m o u r h o m e s
y .

3 Y o nde r l e t t h e A rdyi s d w e ll , t he re w h e re t h at h o u se
is do w n be l o w .

L e t u t t e r i n dige nce and all t h e Y ht u dh hni s se ttl

t h e re .

s
4 B hfl tapat i dri v e aw a y an d I n dra t h e Sadhn vhs
’

, ,

e n ce .

Let I n dra w i th h is bo l t qu e ll th o se w ho sit upo n o u r

’

d w e ll ing s flo o r
’
.

5 W he th er y e b e o f far m and fi e l d o r w h e th e r ye b e ,

se n t by m e n ,

Or b e ye sp ru ng h o m D asyu race van i sh Sadan va '

s
j , ,
.

an d b eg o n e .

6 I h ave go n e ro und t he ir ho m es as r u ns a flee t fo o t v

rac e r r o u n d t he p o st ,
A nd i n all race s co n
qu e r ed y o u . V an sh , i S adfi n v as,

an d be o ne
g .

H YM N XV .

an d ne ve r su fi er
'

A s H eav e n an d E art h ar e n o t afr a id ,

l o ss o r h ar m ,

E ve n so , m y s
p i rit , fear no t th ou .

2 M agsm dt a fem al e evil sp irit n o t m en t io n ed el sew h ere : p erh ap s

t he w ife o f C handa an d m o th er o f h is p ro gen y .

3 A rdy ts fem al e fi en ds and n igh t b ags

-
see I 28 4
. . . Do w n bel o w
in t h e dark ness o f t h e b ot h er w o rld : o r, p ossib l y, t h e h o use of an

en em
y l o w er do w n t h e h il l is in te n d ed . Ydtu dhdn ts i or , so rceresses,

see I 8 l
. . .

4 Bhd tap ati l o rd o f creat u res, esp ecial l

y of g h ost s an d e vil sp i rits.

T he n am eis ap p lied to R u dm , A gn i, Bb ava, an d San a .

5 By m en b y h u m an so rcerers Sp r u ng f r o m Dasy u . r ace o rigin at

in g fro m , an d sen t b y, fi en ds .

T h e h ym n has b een t ran sl at ed b y Lu dw ig, De r R igveda, p 522. III . .

and, wi t h ann o tat ions, b y Gril l , H un d ert Lieder, pp 1 , 8 9— 9 2 . .

T he hym n is a charm against Fear .

60 T H E H YM N S OF K
[ B OO I I .

2 A s D ay an d N i gh t are n o t afra id , no r e ver su ffe r l oss

or h ar m ,

E ve n so , m
y sp r i it , fe ar no t th o u .

3 A s S u n an d M o o n ar e n o t afraid , no r e ver su ffe r l oss

o r har m ,
E ve n so , m
y s
p i r i t ,
fear n ot th o u .

A sB rahm anh o o d an d Pri n ce l y P o w er fear n ot ,

n o r su ffe r l o ss o r h ar m ,

E ve n so , m y sp i r i t , fe ar n o t t ho u .

5 A s T ru t h an d Fal se h o o d h av e no fear , n o r ev e r su ffe r

l o ss o r h arm ,

E ve n y so , m s
p i ri t , fe ar not th o u .

6 A s W hat H at h B e e n an d W hat Sh all B e fear no t ,

n o r su ffe r l o ss o r h arm ,

E v en so , m y sp i r i t , fear n o t t h o u .

H YM N XV I .

GUA R D m e fro m death I n hali ng an d E x h al ing i ,

bliss t o y o u !
2 Gu ard m e fro m o v e rb earing E art h an d H eave n ! ,

b ai l t o y o u !
3 D o th o u O Sfi rya, w i th t h i n e
, eye p r o t e ct m e l
b ail t o t hee l

4 Br ah m an /sod and P r incel y P o w er : br tihm a an d kshatrcfm ; p riests

an d n o bl es .

5 T r uth an d F al sehood Web er rreads

i td m , O rde r, in st ead of

tin gi tam
-
, fal seh oo d : Fal seh o o d can n o t b e su itab l y ad du ced as an
’
e xam l e i such a fo rm u l a T h at w o u l d i n deed b e a so rt o f sacr il ege
p n . .

I tak e th e t ext as I fi n d it , an d do n o t see t h at it n eed s al t erat io n .

T h is o m et rical
n n -
fo rm u l a is a ra
p y er fo r gen eral p rot ect io n .

I I n hali ng an d E xhal i ng tw o o f t h e v it al airs, I nsp irat io n an d

Exp iratio n , p erso n ifi ed A l l bl i ss : o r, A l l hail ; se d hd an ausp icio u s

.

w o rd o r b en edi ct io n u sed at t h e en d o f in vocat io n s, l ik e A m en .

3 S ti rya -
Go d of t h e Sun .
 YM N X I X
H .

B U R N th o u O
. , A gn i w i t h t hat h eat
,
o f thin e again st
the m an w h o h at es us, w ho m We h at e .

2 Fl am e th o u , O A g n i , w i th t h at flam e o f thi n e ag ai n st
the m an w h o h at e s u s, wh o m w e h at e .

3 Shine ou t 0 A g n i, , w th t h at sh ee n o f t h n e agai nst

i i
the m an w h o h at e s u s, w h o m we h ate .

4 Bl aze t h o u O A g n i , ,
w t h t h at
i bl aze of thi n e agai nst
th e m an wh o h ate s us, w h o m w e b e ts .

5 O A g n i , wi th t h e sp l e n do u r t h at i s th i n e dark e n the
m an w ho h at es u s, w h o m w e h at e .

H Y M N XX I V .

O S saasn sx s , S e rab ha, back fall yo u r arts o f

w it c h e ry l B ack , K i m i din s i l e t yo u r w e ap o n fal l .

E at y o u r p o sse sso r ; eat ye hi m w h o se n t y o u fo rt h

e at y o u r o w n fl esh .

2 S e vridh ak a, O Se v ridha, back fall y o u r arts o f

w itc b e ry ! B ac k , K i m i din s ! l e t y o ur w e ap o n fall , e t c .

n on m e t rical charm in vo k in g A g n i s ’
A -
aid again st an en em y .

H ym ns XX — XX I II ar e e xact l y si m il ar excep t th at o t h er deiti es,

V fiyu , S fi rya, Chan dra or t h e M oon , an d the Wat ers, are addressed

instead o f A gn i .

A ch arm against t h e m ag ic art s o f fi en ds .

1 In t h is an d th e t h ree fo ll o w in g stanzas fo u r Kim idins im ps, ,

I 7 an d —
5 8 fo u r Kim l din is,
go b l i n s, o r so rcere rs ( see . . in or fem al e
fi en d s of th e sam e cl ass, are ad dresse d S erabhal a t h e de ri vat io n
'
.

is u n k n o wn . A cco rd in g to t h e St P Dict ionary, . . a ki n d o f sn ak e is

m ean t Your p ossessor h im
. w h ose se rvan ts ye are ; t h e su p eri o r

fi en d w h o co m m an ds yo u .

2 S ee ri dhak a gév ri dh a, p e r h ap s a sh o rte n ed fo rm o f gevav r i d ha,

m eans in t h e fi ve p ass a ges o f t h e R ig veda in w h ich it occu r s, aus ic io u s,

p
b l iss in creasin g
- . It m ay p e rh ap s be u sed eu p h em ist ical ly her e, as

R ob in Good fell o w i s th e o ld nam e o f a sh re wd an d k n avish sp ritc

-
‘ ’
.
H YM N r e s A T H A R V A - V E DA . t:

3 O M ro k u , A n u m ro k a, back ret u r n y o u r arts o f

w itc he ry l B ack , K i m i di n s ! l e t y o u r w ea o n fall e tc
p ,

4 O S ar p a, A back re t u r n y o u r arts o f w it ch ery l

n u sar a
p ,
B ack K i m i din s ! l et y o u r w e ap o n fall e t c
, , .

5 B ack fal l y o u r w i tch e r i e s Jurul i back y o u r w eap o n , ,

y K
e i m i di nl s , e tc .

6 B ack fall yo u r sp e ll s U p abdi l back y o u r

, w eap o n ,

y e Ki m i d in i s ,
e tc .

7 B ack fall y o u r i
w t ch craft s, A j
r u ni ! you r w e ap o n ,

y e K i m l di n i s, e tc .

8 B ack , 0 B b arfij i ! fall yo u r ch ar m s, you r w eap o n ,

y e Kim i dini s ,

E at y o u r p o ssesso r ; eat y e h im w h o se n t yo u fo rt h ;
eat y o u r o w n fl e sh .

3 M r ol a m en t io n ed in V
dest r u ct iv e A gn i o r fi re ; h e re,
. 31 9 . as a

p e rh ap ,
s re p rese n t in g t h e b u rn in g h eat o f fe v e r A n am r o k a M t o ka .

w it h th e p re fi x am t, w it h a sl igh t m od ifi cat io n o f t h e n am e .

4 Sarp a, A n usarp a serp e n t , an d serp e n t in e .

5 Jam ! acco rd in g t o t h e St P Dict ion ary, . . a snak e t hat has cast

its sk in ; acco rding t o Web er , conn ect ed w i t h j ar ni , g l o w i n g h eat , an d

m ean in g fev er .

6 Up abd i n o ise , rat t l e, cl at t er . Possib l y referrin g t o th e ch att erin g

of t h e t eet h i n co l d agu e fi ts .

7 A rj u n t w hit e ; acco rdi n g to t h e St . P . Dict io n ary, a ( sil very )

sn ak e . W eb er t h in k s t h at t h e referen ce is t o th e w h ite n ess of t he
sk i n in l ep rosy .

8 B harmi acco rd in g t o t h e St P Dict io nary, so m e n o xio us an im al

'

. .

is m ean t. Web er refers t h e bhgii, bh rcw, t o fry o r

w o rd to th e roo t s -

m ast , an d t h in k s t hat t h e b u rn in g b eat o f fev er is in t en d ed Pro fos .

so r W eb e r h as carefu ll d i d a ll t h ab m n t io n ed n am es in
y scu sse e o v e e -

In d isch e St u d ien XI pp 1 8.2 II

— 1 86 . I t i
.s a s d i fli cu l t t o ascertain t h e
.

exact m ean i n g o f t h e w o rds as o f t h e dem o ns n am es b o rro wed b y

’

Shak esp ear fro m H arsnet , v iz. Sm u l k in , M odo, Mahu , Fl i bb ert igib b et,
 HYMN X X V .

T n s Go dde ss P risn ip arni hath hl est u s, an d tro u bl e d

N irri t i .

Fi e rce cru sh e r o f t h e Kauvas sh e : h er h ave I gai n ed,

t h e m i gh t y o n e .

2 V i c to r i o u s i n t h e o l de n ti m e th i s P risn ip arni w as
bro u ght fo rt h :
W ith h e r I c l eave, as
’
t we re a bi rd s ’

, th e h ead of t he
D e testab l es .

4 T h e h at e fu l fi e n d w h o dr i n ks th e bl o od ,
and h im
w h o tak e aw ay t h e gr o w t h ,

T he Kanva w h o devo u rs t h e germ q u e ll P risn iparni l , ,

an d de st ro y .

5 D ri ve an d i m p ri so n in a h ill t hese Kauvas harassers

o f li fe :

F o llo w t h e m P risnip arni th o u Go ddess li k e fi r e co n , ,

su m i ng t he m .

6 D r i ve th o u aw ay th e se Kauvas , dri ve t h e h arassers

o f li fe afar .

W h ithe r th e d
sh a e s o f dark n e ss g o , I se n d th e fi e n ds
w ho fe ed on fl e sh .

A chan n agai n st t h e fi en ds w h o cau se ab o rt io n .

1 P rign ip am i ( hav in g v ariegate d l eaves) H em io n it is Co rd ifo l ia, a

m ed icin al p l an t, a deco ct io n o f w h ich is re co m m en ded b y S u sr uta t o

b e t ak en as a p re v e n t i ve o f ab o rt i o n . T h e w o rd is g iv en do u b t in gl y
Wise P r i stap u m i N i r n ti th e Goddess o f Deat h an d M isfo rr
’

by as .

t un e w ho j
re o ices at t h e dest ru ct io n o f an u n b o rn b ab e . Kagw aa: a

cl ass o f e vil sp i ri t s, m e n t io n ed m t his p l ace o n l y I n t h e R ig veda t h e

.

Kanvaa descen dan ts of the g rea t R i sh i K an ,v a are an i ll ust r io u s

p r iest lfam il y
y .

6 Wh i ther the sh ades f

o dar kn ess go p ro b ab l y, as W e b er suggest s,

t h e gl oo m y dep t hs of t h e fo rest . F eed on fl esh devo u r t he un b o rn

b ab e
T h e h y m n is o ne o f Gril l
’
s H un dert Lieder, pp 20, 92 . .
a rm m s ar m s 7 4 7 3 0 4 -
. 65

H YM N XXV I .

L ET t h e m co m e ho m e . th e cat t l e t hat h av e w an der ed ,

w hom V a y u h ath de li g h t e d to at te n d o n ,
W h o se fo r m s an d figu res ar e w e ll k n o w n t o T vash tar .

T h ese co w s le t Sav i tar dr i ve w i t h i n t h is stabl e .

2 L et t h e b easts str eam t o g e t h er t o t h i s c o w p e n -

.

B ri h asp at i w h o k n o w e th l ead t h e m h i t h e r !
L e t S in i vall g u i de t he fo r e m os t h o m e w ar d W h e n .

t h ey h av e co m e , A n u m at i ! e n cl o se t h e m .

3 To g e t h er st ream t h e cat t l e ! stre am t o g e t h e r h o rses

an d t he m e n !
H i th er w ard p r e ss al l gro w th o f g rai n ! I o ffe r sacr ifi ce
w i th m
i x t o blat io n .

4 I p o u r t o g et h e r m i l k o f k i n e w i th b u t te r bl e n d i n g
,

st r en t h an d
g j u i ce .

W e ll sp ri nk l ed b e o u r m e n as true to m e as co w s are
,

t o t h e i r h erd !
5 H i th e r I bri n g th e m il k o f co ws h i th e r h av e b ro u gh t '

t h e j u i ce o f co r n .

H i t he r w ard h av e o u r m en bee n b r o ug h t h i t h e r w ar d ,

t o t h i s h o u se o u r w i v es .

T h e hym n is a b en edi ct ion on t h e cattle as t h ey co m e h o m e fro m grazi n g .

1 d a : t he Go d o f t h e w i n d w h ich re fresh es t h e cat t l e in th e ir

b ree zy pu t ur es and dri ves o ff t h e flie s T e ashta r th e A rt ifi cer o f t h e
.

Go ds, regard ed as t h e gi ver o f in crease in catt l e, h is sp ec ial fun ctio n

in t h e n at ura l w orld b ei n g th e fo rm ati o n o f t h e em b ryo : T v ash tar t h e
Lo rd hat h m ade al l form s and al l t h e cat t le o f th e fi el d — R ig veda
’
. I .

1 88 9 Savi tar
. . h ere t h e se t t i ng Su n .

2 B ri hasp ati as Lo rd o f Prayer in cl ud in g charm s Si n i vdl i a p er .

so n ifi cat io n o f t h e N i h t o f N e w M oo n : see W e b e r, I n d isch e St u dien ,

g
V p p 230— 232
. . A ssu m e d : h ere t h e N ig h t o f F u l l M oo n p erso n ifi ed
. .

3 T h is sta n za an d t h e t wo fo l l o w in g fo rm i n real ity a sep arate hym n

j
t h e su b ec t o f w h ich is t h e m am a’s b as i s or M ixt Ob l at io n : see
I 15 l
. T h e fo u r t h p i d a o f t h e st anza is h e nd ecasy l l ab ic o r T r ish tu p
. .

in ste ad o f t h e octo sy l l ab ic A n u sh t u p o f t h e rest o f t h e t h ree stan zas .

5 T he j u i ce of com : a b rew of gram , p e rh aps, as We ber su gge st s, a so rt

o f b ee r T h e m ix tu re o f in gredien t s is p ro b ab l y sym b o li cal o f t h e re u n io n
.

at e ven in g o f al l t h e m em b e rs o f t h e h o u se h o l d an d t h e ret u rn o f t h e catt l e .

T h e h ym n has b een t ransl ated b y Lu d w ig, Der R igv eda, p 37 1 , an d .

b y Gril l , p p 64, 92 . .
as 7 7 1 1 : H m u vs of ( 3 00 : 1 1.

H YM N XX V I I .

L sr n o t t he e n e m y w i n th e cau se ! S tro n g an d p re
do m i n an t ar t t h o u .

R e fu t e m i n e ad ve rsary s sp e e ch R e n de r t h e m d u l l
’
.

and flat 0 Pl an t , .

2 T he g i
st r o n
w n g e d
-
bi rd d i sco v e r e d t h e e , t h e b o ar

u n e ar t h e d t h ee w i th h is sn o u t .

R efu t e m i n e ad ve rsary s sp e ech R e n de r th e m d u ll

’
.

an d fl at , 0 Pl an t .

3 Y e a, I n dra l ai d t h ee o n h is arm , to e ast th e A su ras

t o t h e g ro u n d .

’
R e fu t e m i n e ad ve r sary s sp eech . R en der th e m d u ll
an d fl at , 0 P lan t .

4 I n dra de v o u red t h e P ath p l an t that h e m i gh t l ay the

A su r as l o w .

R e fu t e m i n e adve rsary s sp eech

’
. R e n de r th e m d u ll
an d fl at, 0 Plan t .

T h e h ym n is a charm again st an op p on en t in deb ate .

'

u est io n ; q
’

1 T he cause p r d st m , deb at e, fro m t h e roo t p r ach h, to

f

n o t fo od , fro m p r os, t o eat , as W e b er an d Lu d w ig h av e tak en it, r e

a rd in g t h e h y m n as an i n can tat io n against ro b b e rs, p ro n o u n ced i n
g
o rder to p ro t e ct granar ies an d st o re roo m s I t is rat h e r a ch arm u t
-
.

t ered b y an in t en d in g disp u tan t b efo re en t er in g u p o n a deb at e i n t h e

sabhd o r p ar eshad t h e assem b l y o f t h e v il l ag e, an d ad dressed t o t h e p aid

p l ant : see Bl oo m fi el d , A m eri can J

o u rn al o f Phil o l ogy , pp 4 7 9 VII . .

4 8 2, w h o has d isc ussed t h e h y m n an d co n vi n cin g l y estab l ish ed t h is

in t erp re t at io n b y arg u m e n t s b ased ch ie fl y o n t h e K au sik a—S fi t r a,

XXX VIII . 1 7 sqq M i n e ad ver sary s sp eech t h e sp eech o f each ad

.
’

v e rsary, o f all m y o p p o n en t s .

2 T he st ong w i ng ed
r -
bi r d eagl e o r fal co n T h e m agic Pl an t w as .

q
d ifli cu l t t o d isco ve r, re u irin g th e k ee n sigh t o f a fal co n an d t h e saga
c it y an d st re n gt h o f a w il d b o ar t o fi n d an d u p roo t i t Sim il arl y , t h e .

m ag ical m o l y an d m an d rago ra o r m an drak e w e re h ar d t o d ig

’
Se e .

A Lan g s C ustom an d M y th , ( N e w Ed it io n ) pp 1 4 3 sqq

’
. . .

3 T he A sur as t h e dem on s w ho fo ug h t agai nst t h e Gods, l ik e t h e

T i tan s o f Grecian m y t h o l o gy .

4 T he Paw p l an t : p ro b ab l y ide n t ical w ith Pfi tha ( C l yp ea H ern an d i

-

fo l ia) L ik e th e S cot t ish ro w an , o r l ik e St John s wo r t, it was p o ten t

. .

agai n st fi on i s .
 H YM N r m : ar s e s m u m . or

5 W i th th i s I o v e r co m e m
y fo e s as I n dra o ve rcam e th e
l
w o ve s .

R e fu t e m i n e ad v e rsary s h ! R e n de r th e m d u l l
’
s
p e ec

an d fl at , 0 Pl ant .

6 O R u d ra L o rd o f H
, ea li n
g B al m s, dark -
c re st ed ,
sk il fu l i n t h w o rk
y
R e fu te m i n e ad v e rsary R
’
e e ch e n de r t h e m dul l
s s
p .

an d fl at , 0 Pl an t .

7 I n d ra , de fe at t h e p
s e e c h of him w h o m e e ts u s w t h i
h o st ili ty .

C o m fo rt u s w i t h t hy p o w e r an d m i gh t . M ak e m e
s u e r i o r i n de bat e
p .

H Y MN XX V I I I .

Tm s Ch il d O l d
, A g e ! sh all g r o w t o m e e t t h e e o n ly
n o n e o f t h e h u n dr e d o t h e r d e at h s sh all h ar m h i m .

F r o m t ro u bl e cau se d by fr i e n ds l e t M i t ra g u ard h i m ,

as a k i n d m o t h e r g u ards t h e so n sh e n u rse s .

2 M i t ra o r V aru na t h e fo e de st ro y e r , acco rdan t, g ran t

-

hi m de at h i n co u rse o f n atu re !
T h u s A g n i , H o tar p ri e st , sk ill e d i n h i gh statu tes,
-

’
de cl ar e t h al l t h e d e i ti e s ge n e rati o n s .

5 Wi th th i s acco rd in g to Di t il a, th e sp eak er ch ew s t h e ro o t 6: t h e
l n t, an d w ears a a l a d m a d f v en o f its l e aves T h w l
p a g r n e o se e o ves .

d i S i i l d d T h d
O

M a ri be t h ; acc o r n g t o s a a
y n , w o g s e w o r see m.s t o m ea n

an y can i n e an i m a l o f p y
re . H e re p e r h ap s fi en ds w h o h ad a ssu m ed t h e

shap es o f wo l ves o r h ye n as are m ean t .

6 L or d of H eal i ng B al m s se e I 1 9 . . 3 . T he verb , R efu te , in t he

seco n d l in e m ay p erh ap s re fer t o R u d ra .

T h e h ym n h as b e e n t ran sl at ed b y L u dw ig, Der R igved a, III .

p.4 61 ,

an d b y Gri ll , H u n dert Lieder, pp 23, 9 3 . .

T h e hym n is a p raye r fo r l o n g an d h app y l ife fo r a b o y .

1 H nd
u r ed o th er d ea th s o f I 30 3 F r i en
. d s : o f s
.t an za 3 . . .

2 T h us gA n i : t h e b e n ed ic t io n se e m s t o h av e b ee n
p ro n o u n ce d at

m e b irt h c ere m o n y a c co m pa n i ed w i t h a sac ri fi ce , a t w h ic h A g n i as

c h ie f p riest is rep re se n ted as su m m o n in g al l th e Go d s to b e p resen t .

as w e H YE N S 01 [ BOOK II .

3 Th o u art t h e L o rd o f al l terr e str ial cat tl e o f cat t l e ,

b o rn an d t o b e b o r n h e reaft er .

L e t n o t b r eat h draw n o r b re at h e m i tt ed fail h i m .

L e t n o t h is fr i e n ds l e t n o t h is fo e m e n sl ay h i m
, .

4 L et H t hy fat h e r an d l e t E ar t h t hy m o t h e r ,
e av e n

ac c o rdan t, g i v e t h e e de at h i n co u rse o f n at u r e ,
Th at t ho u m ayst li ve o n A diti s b o so m , gu arde d, '

a h u n dr e d w i n te rs, t h ro u h t h r i at i
g y es
p r o ns .

5 Lead hi m to li fe 0 A g n i an d to sp l en do u r t h is d ear
, , ,

c h il d V ar u na ! an d t h o u K i n M i t a !
, g r

Gi ve h i m p ro te c tio n A d it i l as a m o th e r ; A l l G o ds
, ,

t h at h is b e li fe o f l o n g d u rat i o n !

H YM N XX I X .

G o ns , h igmial
vel t h at ea r th h at h b e st w i t h b o d ily
str e n t h an d h a
g pp y fat e .

A g n i an d Sil rya g ran t h i m li fe , B ri h asp at i g i v e h i m

em in e n ce
2 B e st o w t h ou li fe o n h im , 0 Jétav e das S to re h im .

w i t h fu t u r e p r o g e n y , O T v ash tar .

S e n d h i m , 0 S av i tar , fu ll g ro w t h o f r i ch es L e t th i s .

th y se r v an t li ve a h u n dred au t u m n s .

3 M ay t h i s o u r p r ay er b r i n g str e n gt h an d g o o dly o fl sp ri n g
'

Gi ve , b o th o f yo u o ne m i n de d, st re ngt h an d r i c h es
-
.

3 T hou ap pare n tl y A gn i o f t h e p reced in g stan za . A cco rd i ng t o

Web er, T vash tar, P fishan, o r R u d ra is in t en d ed .

4 A hu n dr ed w i n ter s regard ed as t h e n at ural d urati on of h um an

l ife : see I 35 1
. . .

T h e h ym n has b e en t ran sl at ed, w it h an n otat ion s, b y Gri l l , H un dert

L ied e r, p p 4 8, 95
. .

T h e h ym n is a b en ed ict io n pr o n ou n ced o ve r a si ck m an .

2 T vashtar w h ose fu n ct io n is to p ro v ide fo r t h e in cr ease of th e

hum an race .

3 M ay th i s ou r p rayer br i ng : t h ere is n o v erb in t h e t ext , an d

b rin g , o r gi v e, m ust b e su p p l ied B o th of y ou : i t is n o t cl ear w h ich
.

t w o o f t h e ab o v e m en t io n e d Go d s are i n te n ded
-
Le t h i m
. win t he
i yam b e al t e red t o j dyat, w h ich Web e r
v e rb i s n o t i n t h e t e xt, u n l ess j c

t h in k s is ab so l u tel y n e cessary .
70 T H E an u s or [ 3 0 0 3 1 1 .

YM N XX X
H ,

A s th e w i n d sh ak e s t h i s T u ft o f G rass h i th e r an d
t h i t h er on t h e g ro u n d,
S o do I st i r m i n d , t h at t h o u m ay st b e
an d sh ak e t h y
i n l o v e w i t h m e , m y dar li n g n e v e r to de p ar t ,
.

2 Y e , A sv i n s l e ad to g e th e r , ye u n i t e an d b r i n g t h e
,

l o v i ng p a i
r .

N o w h av e t h e fo rt u n e s o f yo u t w ai n , n o w h av e y o u r
v o w s an d s i r i t s m e t
p .

3 W h e n e ag l e s, calli n g o u t al o u d, are scr eam i n g i n th e

j y
o o f h e al t h ,
’
Th e n t o m y c alli n g l e t h er co m e , as t o the arro w s
n e c k t h e sh aft .

A ch arm to w in a gi rl l o ve
’
s .

1 T af t of Gr ass here m e n t io n e d o n l y b y w ay o f ill u st rat ion Ao .

co rd in g t o th e K an sik a -
S fi t ra, XXX V 21 , t h e p roc ed u re t o acco m p arv
.

t he rec i tat io n of the ch ar m is as fo l l o w s : Bet w e en t w o sl ip s o r

c u t t i n gs tak en res ec t i v el
p y fro m a t ree ( re
p re se n t in g th e l o v er ) an d

the c ree p er t h at cl i n g s rou n d it ( sig nif

y i n g t h e g ir l ) , p l ace an arro w

( sy m b o li cal of Kam a, t h e I n d ian C u p id ), so m e S t hak ara ( p ro b ab l y a

o r p o w d e r ), Ku sh th a
o st u s S e c io su s, o r A rab i cu s) ,
f ragran t gu m ( C p
e e sal v e, M ad u gh a ( p ro b ab l y l ico ri ce , an d
y ) g rass b at t ere d b
y a sto r m

h l d
’
( y
s m b o l ical o f t e g i r s agi t at e m in d ) , m i x al l t o
ge t h e r w it h s ac ri
fi c ial b u tt er, an d ap p l y : t h e m od e o f ap p l icat io n is not m en t io n e d ;
p ro b ab l
y t he t wo sl i p s w ere an o in te d w it h it . T he seco n d l in e of t he
st an za is fo u n d al so in I 34 5, an d V I . . . 8 1— 3
. .

2 Ye, A svi ns : in R i gv eda X

8 5, w h ich d escr i b e s t h e w ed di n g o f Sfiryi ,
.

t h e dau gh t er o f t h e S u n , re gard ed as t h e typ ical b r i de , t h e t w o A svi n s,

God s o f t h e daw n , ap p ear as t h e g ro o m sm en , t h e frie n ds of t h e b ri de

g ro o m , w h o h a i ask ed an d o b t ai n e d h er h an d fo r So m a t h e M o on Go d -
.

T h e stan za ap p ears to b e sp o k en b y so m e fri en d o f t h e l o ver ; t h e

fi rst l i n e b ein g add ressed t o t h e A sv ins, an d t h e se co n d to t h e l o ver
an d t h e g iI f you t w ai n refe rs to t h e A svin s, t h e m ean in g can b e
rl .

onl Y h a e do n e y o u r d u t y an d gain e d r w ish es b m ak i

y : o u v y ou
y n
g
t w o l o v ers h ap p y b u t t h is seem s fo r ce d an d u n nat u ral .

ar r ow s n eclc th e sh a t : f
’
3 A s to the st raigh t t o h e r d est in ed h u sb an d
as t h e sh aft o f t h e arro w is fo r ced in to the n e ck o r l ow er p art of the
h ead of t he w eap o n , an d fi xe d fi rm l y t h ere .
H YM N TH! A T H A R V A VE DA -
. 7T

4 L e t w h at is i n w ard t u rn o u ts i de ,
l et w h at is o u t w ar d

b e w i th i n
S e i ze an d p o sse ss , 0 Plan t , th e m i n d o f m aid e n s ri ch
i n e v e ry ch ar m .

5 S e e k i n g a h u sban d sh e h at h co m e ! an d I cam e l o n g
i n g fo r a w i fe
E v e n as a l o u d ly n e i g h i ng st e ed m y fat e an d fo rtu n e
-

h av e I m et .

Y M N XX XI H .

W I T H I n d ra s m i g h ty m ill st o n e t h at w h ic h c ru sh e s
’

w o r m s o f e ve ry so r t ,

I b ray an d b r u i se t h e w o rm s to h i ts li k e ve tc h e s o n
t h e g r i n d i n g st o n e .

2 T h e S e e n an d t h e I n v i sibl e an d t h e Ku rfi r u h ave ,

I c r u sh e d
A lhndn s an d al l C h h al u nas w e b r u i se t o p i ec e s w i t h
, ,

o u r s e ll
p .

4 L et w hat i s i nw ar d t ur n ou tsi de : l e t h er m in d b e t h o ro u g h l y
u p se t b y t he t u m u l t u o u s agi tat io n o f l o ve o r w it h Dr Gril l l et t h e
.

l o ve t h at sh e h ides sh o w i tsel f, an d l e t th e l o v e th at I sh o w fi n d its

w ay i n t o h er he art . 0 P l an t : t h e Grass m e n t io ned i n st an za 1 . R ich
in ever y char m vi svdr flp dnd m o r , o f al l sh a es an d fo rm s
p .

T h e h ym n h as b ee n t ran sl at ed b y Lu d w ig, Der R igveda, III .

p .

51 7 an d b y Gril l , w it h ann o tati on s, H u n dert Lieder , p p 52, 97 .

T he h ym n is a ch arm against al l so rt s o f Wo rm s .

1 I n dr a s m igh ty m i l l sto n e a fi gu rat i ve exp ressi o n m ean in g ( I ) t he

’

crush in g p o w e r o f I n dra ( cf T h o u gh t h e sto n es o f God g rin d

.

sl o w l y, y e t t h ey gr in d excee din g sm al l and( )

2 t h e p r iest l y p
s e l l to

w h ich t h i
s p oh as b ee n im p art ed b y t h e
w e r Go d I n t h e R ig veda ( l
.
.

8 3, an d 4 0 8 ) sacrifi ce em p l oye d ag ain st en em ie s is sp o k e n o f

. .
as a
t h u n de rb o l t, t h e sp ec ial w eap o n o f I n d ra in h is b at t l es w it h de m o n s,

il arl y , t h e in can tat io n he re is cal l e d I nd ra s

’
so , si m m i l l st o n e w h ic h
cr u sh es n o x io us cre at u res o f o t h e r k in ds .

2 T he Seen an d th e I n vi si bl e : h ere t h e n am es of t wo sp ecie s of

w o rm s . T h e Ku r fir u, A l i ndu, an d Ch hal u n a are al so w o r m s o f n u

id en t ifi abl e k in ds .
72 w as H YM N S or [ s oar 1 1:

3 I k ill A l dndu s w i th a m i g ht y w ea o n : b u rn t o r n o t
p
b u r n t th ey n o w h av e l o st t h e ir v i go u r .

Le ft o r n o t l eft, I w i th t h e sp el l su bdue t h e m : l e t
n o t a si n l e w o r m r e m ai n u n i n u re d
g j .

4 T h e w o rm t hat li v e s w i t h i n th e r ibs , i
w th n i th e
b o w e l s, i n t h e h e ad ,
A vask av a an d B or e r, t h ese w e br u i se t o p ie ces w i th
t h e sp e ll .

5 Wo rm s t h at ar e fo u n d o n m ou n tain s i n t h e fo rests , ,

t h at li v e in p l an ts i n cat t l e in t h e w ate rs
, , ,

T h o se t h at h ave m ad e th e i r w ay w it h i n o u r b od i es ,
’
t he se I de str o y t h e w o r m s w h o l e g en erat i on
,
.

H YM N XXX I I .

U r arsm e l e t t h e S u n destro y , and w h en he si n k e t h,

i
w t h h is b eam s
T he W o r m s t hat li v e w t h n t h e co w
i i .

3 Wi th a m i g h ty weap on w it h in can t at io n , w h i ch is el se w h e re call

e d a va j ra or t h un derb o l t : V I 1 34 1 sqq an d 1 35 1
see . . B u r n t or
. . .

bu r n t fi re app ears
n ot t o b e used in t h e pr o ced ur e p rescrib e d i n t h e
Kau sik a Sfi t ra XX
— VII . 1 4— 1 8 .

4 A vaslcava and B or er : t w o o t h er u n ide n t ifi ed sp eci es o f w o rm s

w h ich at tack t he b o dy o f m an Of w o rm s, ext ern al an d i n t er n al , t he re
.

are said t o b e t w en ty varie t ies, each o f w hich h as a part i cu l ar n am e

see W ise, H in d u Sy st em o f M ed i ci ne , 34 8 — 350
pp , .

5 T he w or m s t h at in fest t h e h u m an b o dy h av in g b een dispo sed o f,

t h e ch arm is d ire ct ed against t ho se w h ich at tach t rees, p l an ts, an d cat
tl e . So , e ven at t he p rese n t day, in t he ru ral par ish es near Qu e b e c
t h e p riest s u t te r inc an tat io n s o v er t he p o t ato -b ugs an d grassh o pp ers .

( H ar er s N ew M o n t h l
p
’
y M ag a z in e , u n e 1 8 9 3, p
J .

T h e h ym n h as b een t ran sl ated b y Lu d wig, Der R igveda, III .

p.323,
an d, w ith an n o t at io ns, b y Gril l , H u n dert Lieder, pp 6, 98 . .

T he hym n is a charm against t he Wo rm s o r Bo ts w h ich in fest cows .

1 A cco rdin g t o th e Kau gik a S fit ra, XX VII

21 — 24 , t h e cere m o n y
-
.

w h ich accom p an ies t he incan tat ion is t o be p e rfo rm ed at sunr ise , n o o n,

an d su n se t T h e su n is co n sid ered as esp e cial l y in st ru m e n t al in
.

d est ro yi n g n oxi o u s re p t il es etc , an d in coun t erac t in g t h e o p e rat io n

.

o f p o iso n : see R igv eda I 1 9 1 8 , 9 . T h e fi rst hdn tn in l in e 1 , w hich

. .

m ars t h e A n u sh tu
p m e t re ,
is m e re l y a gl o ss an d sho u l d b e e l i m inate d
fr om t h e t e xt .
H rm v m s ar m s IVA V E DA -
. 13

T h e fo u r ey ed w o r m , o f e v e ry sh ap e , t h e v ar i eg at ed,
-

an d t he w h i te

I bre ak an d cru sh t h e cr eat u r e s r ibs, an d te ar aw ay

’

i ts h ead b esi de s .

3 Li k e A t r i I dest ro y yo u W o rm s ! in K auva s ,
’

Jam adagn i s w ay : ’

I b ray an d bru i se t h e creep i n g th i ngs to p i ece s w i t h

A gasty a s sp e ll
’
.

4 Sl ai n is t h e so vran o f t h e se W o rm s y ea the i r co n , ,

t ro lli n g l o rd is sl ai n
S l ai n is t he W o r m h is m o th e r sl ai n br o th er an d
, ,

si st er b o th ar e sl ai n .

5 S l ai n are hi s m i n i st er s an d sl ai n h is fo ll o w er s an d ,

re ti n u e

Y e a t h o se t hat se em e d t h e t i n i e st th i ngs t he W o r m s
, ,

h av e al l b e e n p u t t o death .

6 I break in p i ece s b o t h t h y h o rn s w h er ew i t h t h o u
p h
u sh est
e r e an d t h e r e

I cl e av e an d re n d t h e b ag w h i ch h o l ds th e ve n o m

w h i ch is st o re d i n t h e e .

2 F ou r eyed -
t hat is, as Dr Gril l . exp l ains, m ark ed w it h a sp o t

ab o v e each eye : cf . IV . 20 7
. .

3 A t ri, Kanva, Jam adag n i, an d A gast ya are v ery cel eb rat ed Bish is
o r Seem o f t h e R ig v eda an d regard ed as m aste rs o f m ag ic art s H ym n .

X
C C I o f Bo o k I o f t h e R igv eda, t h e sil e n t rep e t i t io n o f w h ich is
. .

sai d to cou n t eract al l v en o m in re p t il es, insect s, sco rp io n s, roo t s, an d

art ifi cial p o iso n s, is ascri b ed t o A gast ya .

4 C on tr ol l i ng l or d : athap d t is l ord of th e dist rict , go vern o r, o r ch ief

o fi cial .

5 H i n i ster s ca m vassal s, acco rding t o H il l eb ran dt .

6 T his st an za ap pears t o b e addressed t o so m e con sp icu o usl y agg res

si v e w orm o r m aggo t .

T h e h ym n has b een t ran slat ed b y Lu d w ig, Der R ig veda, 1 11 p 500, . .

an d, w it h ann o t at io ns, b y Gril l , H u nd ert Lied er, p p 7 , 1 00 . .

74 THE H YM N S or [ BOOK 11 .

H Y M N XXX I I I .

F R O M b o th t h y n o st ril s fro m b o th ey e s fro m bo th , ,

t h i n e e ar s an d fr o m th y c h i n
, ,

F o r t h fro m t hy b rai n an d t o n g u e 1 r o o t C o n su m p t i o n
se at e d
i n t hy he ad .

2 F o r th f ro m t h e n e ck an d fr o m t h e n a e,
p fr o m do rsal
v e r t e b rae an d s i n e
p ,

F r o m ar m s an d sh o u lde r bl ades I -
ro o t C o n su m p t i o n
se at e d i n t hi n e ar m s .

3 F o r t h fro m t hy h e ar t an d fr o m t h y l u ng s fro m t h y ,

all bl adde r an d t h i d
g y s es
-
,

F ro m k id n e y s sp l e e n an d li ve r t hy C o n su m p t io n w e
, ,

e rad i cat e .

4 F ro m b o w e l s an d i n te sti n es fro m t h e re ct u m an d th e ,

b e lly I ,

E x t i r pat e t h y C o n su m p t i o n fro m flan k s nav e l an d , , ,

m e se n t e ry .

5 F o r th fro m th y t h ig h s an d fro m t h y k n ee s h e e l s an d ,

t h e fo r e p ar t s
f t h y fe e t , o

F o r t h fro m t h y l o i n s an d hi p s I d raw C o n su m p t i o n
se t t l e d i n t h y l o i n s .

6 F o rth fr o m t h y m arr o w s an d th y b o n es, fo r th fro m

t h y t e n do n s an d t hy v e i n s
I ban i sh t hy C o n su m p t i o n , fro m th y h an ds, th y
fi n ger s, an d t hy n ail s .

7 In e v er y m em ber , e ve r y h ai r , i n e v er y j o int w h e re i n
it
li e s ,

W e w i th t h e e x o rci si n g sp e ll o f K asyap a dri v e far

aw ay C o nsu m p t i o n se t t l e d in th y sk i n .

T h e h ym n , w h ich is a ch arm again st Y ak sh m a, Ph t h isis Pu l m o n al is

o r C o n su m p t io n , is en l arged , w it h v ariat io n s, fro m Rg
i v ed a 1 63 X . .

F o r a n a cc o u n t o f t h e d isease a n d i t s t r eat m e n t in I n d ia i n fo rm e r

t im es se e W i se ,
H in d u Sy ste m o f M e d i c in e , pp
32 1 — 324 . .

7 Kagyap a : a B ,
ish i see r o f so m e h ym n s o f t h e R ig ved a, an d fat h er
of V iv rih i to w h o m t h e o rig in al hym n R
( gi ved a , X . 1 63) is ascr i b ed .
11 m m m s A T H A R VA V E DA -
. 75

Y M N XXXI V H .

M A Y th i s o f al l t he b e asts t h at Pasu p ati ru l e s L o rd

, ,

o f an i m al s q u ad ru p e d an d bi p e d
, ,

Co m e p u rch ased t o t he sacr ifi c ial p o rt i o n M ay

, ,
.

r o w t h o f w e al t h att e n d t h e sacr ifi ce r
g .

2 L o o si n g t h e se e d o f fu tu r e t i m e e x i st e n ce g i ve go o d -
,

su c ce ss 0 G o ds t o h i m w h o w o r sh i p s
, ,
.

M ay w h at 1 8 p r e se n t d u l y b ro u g h t t h e v i ct i m go t o
, , ,

t h e de i t i e s b e l o v ed reg i o n
’
.

T h e hym n is a p rayer accom p an y ing an an im al sacrifi ce .

1 T h i s : t h e an im al sel ect ed fo r sacri fi ce P agup a ti Lo rd o f Beasts ; .

u su al l y regard ed as a n am e o f t h e l at e r R u dra Q u a d m p ed a n d bip ed .

a freq u en t l y occu rr in g V ed ic exp ressio n fo r t h e p eo p l e o f a h o u se h o l d

an d t h e do m esti c an d sacrifi c ial an im al s aro u n d t h e m : T o u s an d t o
d
’
o u r cat t l e m ay So m a
g i v e sa l u t ar
y foo d , T o b ip ed a n d t o q u ad r u p e .

R V II I 62 1 4
. . A cco rdin g to t h e sacrifi cial rit u al t h e re are fi ve
. .

p a ocw ah o r sac rifi c ia l an i m a l s , m an , h er se , o x , sh e ep, an d g o a t M a n .

is o n l y a p ara, t h o u g h t h e h igh est, p ri m n s in ter p ares T o t h ee ( Bh av a)

O
‘
.

ar e t h ese fi v e an im al s ( p u s ac ak ) al l o t te d, o xen , an d sh eep , an d goat s,

an d m en , an d h o rses
’
A V XI 2 9 See im m er, A l t in d isch es Leb en ,
. . . . . Z
pp . 7 2 , 7 3 .

T h e text o f t h e fi rst l in e o f t h e stan za h as ap p aren t l y n o seq u en ce

b u t t h e in te rp retat io n w h ich , fo l l o w in g W eb er, 1 have g i ven , is t he o n l y
o n e t h at w il l su it A cco r d i n g
. t o L u d w ig ( De r R ig v e da, 1 11 p 4 3 3 ) . .

t h e t ran sl at io n w o u l d b e : M ay Pasu p at i, w h o 1s Lo rd an d M aster o f

h o m estead an im al s, qu adru p ed an d l ip s l , Pu rch ase d, o b tai n h is sacr i
fi cial p o rt io n w h ich is gram m ati cal b u t u n in tel l ig ibl e .

P u r chased t h e an im al sel ect ed fo r sac rifi ce w as se parate d fro m t h e

fl ock o r h erd an d driv en aw ay to fee d w h ere it ch ose W h en it w as .

t o b e sacrifi ced it w as redeem e d fro m t h e m an w h o had ta k en p o sses~

sio n o f it .

2 L oo si ng : l ib erat in g ; see stanzas 3 an d 4 T he seed of f u tur e ti m e .

-

exi stence : t h e v ict im w h ose sacri fi ce is t o se cu re fu t u re l ife fo r t h e

sacrifi cer Du l y br ug h t : up d l ri tam ; t he t ech n ical t e rm u sed o n
’
‘
.

o
su ch occasio n s, m ean i n g p re pare d fo r t h e sacred ri te an d b ro u g h t t o
t h e p l ace o f sac ri fi ce T he v icti m en sam d n dm , a e u p h e m ist ic w o rd
. .

fo r t h e an im al t hat is t o b e sl au gh t ered T h e vict im t h u s o ffered t o .

’
t h e Go d s go es at o n ce t o Svarga o r h eav en , the dei ti es bel oved r egi on .

8 0 , at t h e H o rse sacrifi ce , t h e p riest add re sses t h e sl au gh te re d an im al

-

‘
N o ; h ere t h o u d iest n o t, t h o u art n o t in u re d b y easy p at h s un to j
t h e Go ds t h o u goest Rgi d I
’
v e a 1 62 .21 . . .
76 u m s u ms or [ s o ar 1 1 .

3 Th o se w h o ar e l o o k i ng dee p in m edi tati o n o n t he , ,

b o u n d an i m al w i t h ey e an d sp i r i t
T o t h e m t h e fi rst m ay A g n i G o d g i v e fre e do m
, , , , ,

rejo i c i n g i n h is c reat u r es V isvak ar m an , .

4 Tam e an i m al s o f e v e ry shap e t h o ugh v ar i ed i n ,

c o l o u r m an i fo l d ali k e i n n at u r e
, ,

T o th e m th e fi r st m ay V fiy u G o d gi v e fr e e do m
, , , , ,

P raj hp at i rej o i c i n g i n h is c reat u re s .

5 L et t h ose w h o k n o w r e ce i v e be fo re all o th er s t h e
v i t al b r e at h p ro ce e d i n g fr o m t h e b o dy .

G o t o t h e sk y S tay t h ere w i th al l t h y m e m b e rs
. .

B y p at h s w h i ch Go ds hav e t rav e ll e d go t o S varga .

H Y M N XXXV .

W 1: j yi ng i t hav e g ro w n n o rich e r fo r w ho m
w ho en o ,

t h e sacr ed al tar fi r es h av e so rro w e d

-
,

W e w h o co m p o u n ded w i t h de fi c i e n t w o rsh i p m ay
— ,

V is vak ar m an m ak e o u r se r vice p ro sp e r .

3 T ho se w ho ar e l oo ki n g o t he r an im al s, relat iv es an d fr ien ds o f t h e
vi ct i m . A gn i , o r t h e Sacri fi cial F ir e, is ask ed t o div ert an d free t h em
fro m t h e ir sad t h ou gh t s V i gvalcar m an t he Om n ifi c t he C reato r o f
.

A ll ; h ere p ro b ab l y an ap p el l at iv e o f A gni .

4 A l ike i n n atur e al l b e in g dom est ic and sacr ifi cial an im al s .

P r aj a
p at i Lor d of
Creat ures ; he re p ro babl y an app ell at i ve o f V i y u .

5 T hose w ho kno w t h e Go ds in h eav en Go to the sky t o Svarga .

o r heave n : see n o t e o n st an za 2 A cco rdin g to t h e Kau gik a S ii t ra XLI V

. .

—
1 5, t h e v ict im is sl au gh t ered 4 m v it al b reat h is st o p p ed— as t his
stanza is recit ed .

A h ym n o f exp iation for an im p e rfect l y per fo rm ed sacr ifi ce .

1 We p riests an d o t h ers co m p l ain t hat t h ro u g h t h e faul t o f th e

i nst i t u t o r o f a So m a sacri fi ce o f w hi ch t he y have M en par tak ers t h ey
hav e fail ed t o o b tain th e b ene fi ts w h ich t hey exp ect ed A l tar fi r es .
-

ag n é g o dh ish nydh ; fi res l igh te d o n sm al l si de al t ars, usu all y eigh t in

n u m b er . Sor r ow ed as havin g b een k in d l ed in vai n C om p ou n ded .

w i th t o o k par t in t h e il l m an aged cer em o n y an d so shared th e inst it u

-

t o1 s g u il t
’
. Vigvakar m an t h e Om n ifi c ; th e C reat o r o f th e Un iv erse
t h e Go d t o w h o m t h e exp iato ry sac ri fi ce is o ffered Ou r ser vice : t h e .

sacri fi ce w hich w e are no w p erfo rm in g .

 78 m g a YM N S or [ B OOK 1 1 .

HYMN XXX V I .

T o p l ease u s m ay t h e su i t o r co m e , 0 A g n i , seek i ng
t h i s m ai d and b r i n g i n g u s g o o d fo r t u n e .

A p p ro v ed by w o o e r s l o ve ly i n asse m bli e s, m ay sh e ,

b e so o n m ade h ap p y w i t h a h u sban d .

2 A bl i ss b e l o ved by S o m a dear t o P ray er an d st o red

s , ,

by A ry am an ,

W i t h t h e G o d D h atar s t ru th fu l n e ss I w o rk t h e '

b ridal o racl e .

3 O A g n i m ay t h i s w o m an fi n d a h u sban d T h e n ve ri
, .
e

l y Ki n g S o m a m ak e s h e r h ap p y .

M ay sh e b ear so n s c h i e f l ady o f th e h o u se h o l d bl e s
, ,

sed an d beari n g r u l e b e si de h e r c o n so rt .

T h e hym n is a charm t o secu re a h usb an d fo r a m arriageab l e g ir l .

1 T he su i tor : t he in t erced er o r m at ch - m ak er w h ose b usin ess is to

fi nd a su it ab l e w ife fo r h is frien d0 A gn i addressed as o r em l
p yo er .

esp ecial l y co nn ec te d w it h m arriage, reg ul at in g , as t h e Sun , t h e p ro p er

seaso n fo r i t s cel e b rat ion , an d, as t h e sacri fi cial fi re, t h e co n secrat o r of

t he r it e see Rg
i v ed a I 66 4 ; V . . . 3, 2 ; X 85 4 0 . . .

2 Bel o ved by Som a : as Sii ry a , t h e t yp i ca l b r id e , w as m a rr ied t o

So m a, t h e yo u n g m aid is regarded as o rig in al l y b e l o n gin g t o h im : see

Bg
i veda X . 85 . 40. Dear to P r ayer o r, grace d b y Brah m an , as

W eb er an d Gril l in t erp ret S tor ed by Ar yam an . A ry am an art t hou

( g )
A n i as re gard e t h m a id e ns B
( gi v eda V 3 2 ) . . t h at i s, in co n n exio n

w i t h m arriage ; ar yam dn m ean in g al so a co m p an io n , esp ecial l

y a f r i en d
w ho ask s a gi rl in m arriage fo r an o t h er . T h e bl i ss or al l o t t ed fate is
said b y Si yana t o b e t h e yo u n g m aiden T h e st an za is so m e w hat .

o b sc u re, an d p e rhap s o u t o f p l ace Dr Gril l p u ts it n ext aft e r stan za . .

ta r s tr u thf u l n ess B h at ar is t h e Estab l ish er o r Ordain er, re

’
4 . t
gard ed as a se p arat e God , an d m e n t ion e d h ere as t h e Up h o l d er of th e
i d
'

sacram en t o f m arr iage . B r i d al or acl e p at ué an am the ch arm t h at

fi n ds or p roc u res a h usb an d : Brau to rak el Web e r .

3 C hief l ady f
o the ho useho l d m ahi sh i t h e t e ch n ical te rm fo r t h e
fi rst m ar ri ed w ife t h e p rin cip al co nso rt o f a k in g . Cf .
Bg
i veda X . 85 .

26, 27 .
m u m THE m us VA V E DA -
. 79

4 A s t h i s l ai r , M ag h av an ! t h at is fair t o l o o k on w as
d e ar t o w il d t h i n g s as a p l e asan t d w e l l i n g ,
So m a
y t h i s w o m a n h e re b e B h ag a s darli n g ,
’
l o ve d
by h e r l o r d an d p ri z i n g h i s affe c t i o n .

5 M o unt bark B h ag a s sh ip t h e fu ll , t he
’
u p, em on ,

i n e x h au st ibl e ,

T he re o n b r i n g h i t h e r w ard t o u s th e l o v e r w h o m t h o u
fai n w o u l dst w e d .

6 C all o u t to h i m 0 L o rd o f W e al th ! M ak e th o u t h e
,

l o v e r w e ll i n c li n ed -
.

S e t each o n t h y r ig h t h an d w h o is a l o v e r w o rt hy o f
h e r c h o i ce .

7 H e re is t h e B de ll iu m an d t h e g o l d t h e A u k sh a an d ,

t h e bli ss are h e r e
T h e se b ri n g t hee t o t h e h u sban ds so t o fi n d t h e m an ,

w h o m t h o u w o u dst h av e .

4 T h i s l ai r t h e ho l e b ir d
’
o f so m e w il d an im al o r p e r h ap s a s n est

is in d icat e d b y w ay o f il l u st rat io n M ayhavan t h e Bo u n te o u s On e, .

I n dra B haga t h e Disp e n se r, w h o b rin gs w eal t h an d happ in ess, an d

.

j
b l esses co n u gal l o ve T h is God is fre u en t l y assoc iat ed w it h I n dra in
. q
ra ers
p y fo r w el fare .

5 A ddr esse d to t h e m aid en . Bhaga s sh ip :

’
or the sh ip o f Fo rtu n e
w it h re feren ce
p ro b ab l y to so m e p ract ice b y m eans o f w h i ch gi rl s en
d eav o u red t o disco v e r w h o sh o u l d m ar ry t h em . See We b er , I n d isch e
S tu d ien , V .
p . 221 , fo r sim il ar custo m s am o n g th e Ge r m an p easan t
m aidens .

6 L or d f
o Weal th I n dra, t h e Bo u n t eo u s On e, is p ro b ab l y in t en ded .

On thy r igh t han d in t h e p l ace o f h o n o u r .

7 B d el l i u m a cost l y fragran t gu m t h at exu d es from a p l an t said t o

b e t he v in e
p al m ( Bo rassu s Fl ab el l ifo rm is) . T he Sansk rit n am e o f t h e
is g dgg u l u have fo rm e d p art o f t h e g irl s do w ry , o r sh e
’
gum . It m ay

m ay have b een an o in te d an d p erfu m ed w it h it T he go l d as do wry .

or p e rso n al o rn am e n ts . T h e A ak sha p ro b ab l y asw e et scen t e d u n gu e n t ,

-

Sfiyana exp l ain s i t : see Gril l s n o t e T he bl i ss t h e ch arm s of t he

’
as .

m ai den T o the hu sban ds : to t h ose w h o w ish to m arry t h ee

. .
so m e A T H AR V A V EDA -
.
( 8 001 u .

8 M ay Sav i tar l ead and b r i n g to t h e e t h e h u sban d

w h o m th y h e ar t de si res .

0 Pl an t , b e t h i s t h y g i ft to h e r !

8 Savi t ar the Sun regard ed as th e u n i versal vi v ifi er w h o w il l b l ess

’

t h e b ride : H ap p y is t he b ride w h o m t h e Su n sh in es o n T h e seco n d

.
’

n ay atu o f t h e seco n d l in e is ev iden t l a i t e l at i n ; an d th e l ast

y n n rp o o

su p e rfl u o us p fi da al so seem s t o b e a l ate r add it io n , as n o P l an t has b een

m en t io n ed in t h e p recedi n g st an zas
.

T h e h ym n h as b een t ransl ated b y Lu d w ig, Der R ig v eda, I I I p 4 7 6, . .

an d is o n e o f Grill s H un dert Lieder, p p 55, 1 02

’
. .
8: T H E m u ms or [ s o o x 1 1 1 .

6 L et I n dra daze th e i r arm y L e t th e M aru t s sl ay it .

w ith t h e i r m igh t .

L et A g n i tak e t h e i r e y e s aw ay an d l et th e co n q u e r e d ,

h o st r e t reat .

H Y M N II .

M A Y A gn i , h e w h o k n o w s, o u r e n vo y , m eet th e m ,
b u r n i n g ag ai n st ill w i l l an d i m p r ecat i o n -
.

M ay h e b e w il der o u r O p p o n e n t s se n se s M ay Ja
’
ta .

v e das sm i t e an d m ak e t h e m h an d l ess
’

2 T h i s A g n i h at h b e w il der e d al l th e se n ses t h at w e re
in yo u r
h e ar t s
N o w l e t h i m bl ast yo u fro m y o u r h o m e bl ast , y o u
aw ay fro m e ve ry si de .

3 D azi n g t h e i r se n se s, I n dra, co m e h i th er w ard w i t h

t h e w i sh an d w ill .

W i th A g n i s, V ata s fu r i o u s r u sh dr i ve t h e m to
’ ’

e ver y si de aw a y .

4 V y ih
an sh , o p e s an d
e p l an s o f t h e i rs, b e
y e c o n

fo u n de d, al l t h e i r t h o u gh ts !
W h ate ve r w i sh is i n th e i r h eart , do t ho u e x p e l it
ly
u t te r .

5 B e w il de ri n g t h e se n se s o f o u r fo e m en , i
se ze o n th e i r
b o di e s an d de p art O A p vfi ! ,

6 L et I n dr a d aze thei r ar m y t his an d t h e fo l l o w in g h y m n are

cl assed in t h e Kau sik a S fi t ra w it h m o han d n i , m agi cal charm s fo r st u p e
-

fy in g an d b e w il deri n g an en em y .

A l l t h e hym n s o f t h is Bo o k h ave b een t ran sl at e d, w ith exh au sti ve

an n o tat io n s, b y Pro fesso r Web er in I n d isch e St u d ien , V I I , pp 1 7 9 X .

31 4 ; el ev en ( in cl u din g t h is hym n ) have b een t ran sl at ed b y Pro fesso r

Lu dw ig in De r R ig ved a, I I I , an d se ven b y Dr Gril l in H u n d ert Lieder
. .

d es A th arva v ed a M an y passages h av e b een t ran sl at ed an d an n o tated

-
.

b y Pro fesso r H . Z
im m er i n h is A l t in d isch es Leb en , an d se ve ral b y
. J
Dr oh n M u i r i n Origin al San sk r it T exts .

T h e hym n is a r i facci m en t o o r an o t h er recensi o n o f th e p re ce di n g .

5 A p vd acco rd in g t o Sa f l d i h i d
'

y a n a , a e m a e e t y w o p res e s o v e r

sin ; d i t M a h id h a a ic k n ess o r fear A a t l A v fi is a

a cc o r n g o r , s pp re n y .
p
e r so n i fi ca t io n o f co l ic o r d y s e n t e ry l i k el y t o a t t ac k so l d iers in t h e
p ,

fi el d A n d dep ar t o r, p ass u s b y, do n o t at t ack us

. T h e stan za is .

t ak en, w ith sl igh t variat io n s, fro m h igveda 1 03 1 2 X . . .

H YM N T H E A T H A R V A VE DA -
. 83

G o m e e t t h e m , flam e w i th i n t h e i r h eart s an d bu rn t h e m .

S m i t e t h o u t h e fo e s w i t h dark n e ss an d am aze m e n t .

6 T hat ar m y o f o u r e n e m i e s, O M ar u t s, t h at co m e s
ag ai n st u s w i t h it s m i g h t , c o n t e n di n g
M e e t y e an d st r i k e i t w i t h u n w e l c o m e dark n e ss so
t h at n o t o n e o f t h e m m ay k n o w an o t h e r .

H Y M N II I .

LOU DLY h e ro are d H e re l e t h im l ab o u r de f tly

. .

S p re ad , A g n i , o v e r sp ac i o u s e ar t h an d h e av e n .

L e t M aru t s w h o p o sse ss al l t re asu r es y o k e t h e e .

B r i n g h i m w h o r e v e r e n t ly p ai d o bl at i o n s .

2 Th o u g h h e b e far aw ay l e t t h e r e d h o rse s b ri n g
,

I n dra b r i ng t h e sage t o u s an d fr i e n dsh i p

,

S i n ce w i t h S au t rfi m ani Go ds fo r hi m o e r p o w er
'

Gay at ri B rih ati an d h y m n o f p r ai se s

, , .

3 K i n g V aru na call t h ee h i th e r fro m t h e w ate rs ! F r o m

h ill s an d m o u n t ai n s S o m a call t h e e h i t h e r !

T h e hy m n is a ch arm fo r t h e re sto rat io n o f an exp el l ed Kin g .

1 H e r oar ed : t h e crack l in g an d ro ari n g o f A g n i t h e Sacr i fi cial F i re ,

is a goo d o m en fo r t h e su ccess o f t h e ce rem o n y B r i ng h i m : ad dressed .

t o A gn i : rem em b er t h e p io us p rin ce an d b rin g h i m b ack fro m e xi l e .

2 T h e r ed h or ses t h e flam es o f A g n i ; ar ushdsas h ere b e in g an

'

ap p e l l at iv e . I nd r a t h e Kin g ; I n d ra b e in g t h e t yp e o f r egal p o w er .

Sau tr dm an t a sp ecial ce rem o n y sacre d to I n d ra as S u t rdm an , t h e

Goo d Pro t e ct o r .God s : p riest s ; cf Rig ved a . 1 22 7 X . Gayatr i : a
. .

ve rse o r h m n in t h e Ga at ri m et re, co n sist i n f t h t l l ab i

y y g o ree oc os y c

p fid as .B r ih a ti a v e rse o r h y m n in t h e B r i h a t i m e t re , co n s i st in g o f
t h irt y six syl l ab l es ( 8
-
8 + 1 2 8 ) in fo u r p i das T h e p ri ests b y
.

r fo rm i n t h Sa t fi a i f t h t a t i f t h b a i h d
p e g e u r m n ce rem o n
y o r e r es o r o n o e n s e
Kin g o v erp o w er t h e h ym n s an d p rayers o f t h o se w h o favo u r t h e
en em y w h o e xp el l ed h im an d w o ul d k ee h i m i n e xil e
p .

3 F r o m th e w ater s V aru na, t h e E n co m p asser, r ep resen t i n g at fi rst

'

t h e al l em b racin g h eav e n t hat b roo d s o ve r t h e cel e st ial o cean o f air ,

-

b e in g especial l y co n n e ct ed in l ate r t im es w it h t h e te rr est ri al o cean an d

t h e w ate rs o f t h e ear t h an d regarded as t h e ir p resid in g d e it y : see
M u ir, Origin al San sk r it T e xt s, V p p 7 4 — 7 6 . .F r om h i l l s and m o u n t
.

ai n s o n w h ich t h e So m a p l an t , as y e t u n iden t i fi ed , is said t o h av e

g ro w n : see H ym ns o f t h e R ig ved a, I 2 1 , n o te . . .
34 m s ay m vs or [s oar 1 1 1 .

L et I n dra ll
ca t h e e h i th er to th ese p e o p l e . F ly
h i t h e r t o t h e se p eo p l e as a fal co n .

4 M ay th e h aw k b r i n g t h e m an w h o m u st b e su m m o n ed ,
fr o m far aw ay , i n ali e n l an d , an e xi l e .

M ay b o t h t he A svi n s m ak e t h y p ath w ay e asy . Co m e ,

an d u n i ts y o u rse lv es w i t h h i m , y e k i n sm en .

5 L et th i n e op
p o n e n ts ca ll t h ee back . T h y fr i e n ds
h av e c h o se n th e e aga n i .

I n dra an d A g n i al l t h e Go ds h ave k ep t th y h o m e
,

am i d th e t r ib e .

6 H e w h o di sp u te s o u r calli n g th e e b e h e a st ranger ,

o r ak i n ,

Dr i ve h im 0 I ndra far aw ay an d do t ho u br i n g
, , ,

t h i s m an t o u s .

H YM N IV .

T o th e e h ath co m e t h e k i n sh i p w i th it s S p l e n do ur
O n ! sh i n e as l o rd, so l e r u e r o f t h e p e o p l e g .

K i n g ! l et al l r eg i o n s o f t h e h eave n s i n v i t e t h e e H ere .

l e t m e n w ai t o n th e e an d b o w b e fo re th e e .

2 T h e tr ib e sm en sh all e le c t th e e fo r t h e k i n gsh i p , t h ese

fi ve c el e st i al r e g i o n s sh all e l e ct t h ee .

B e st o n t h e h e i g h t an d t o p o f k i n gly p o w e r : t h e nce
as a m i g h ty m an aw ar d u s t r easu res .

5 T hy f r i en ds have chosen thee agai n o t h er passages al so in t h e

A t har va veda sh o w t hat t h e k ingsh ip w as som et im es el ect ive : see t h e
-

fo l l o w in g hym n , stan za 2, an d V 1 9 1 5, an d V I 8 7 , 88 C f al so
. . . . .

R ig veda X . 173 l . .

T h e hym n h as b een t ran sl at ed b y Lu dwig, Der R igv eda, I II p 4 4 1 . . .

T h e h ym n is a b en edi ct ion at t h e el ect io n o f a Kin g .

1 On I om it udi hi , rise u p , w h i ch m ars the m et r e .

2 F i ve cel esti al r egi o n s th e fo u r q u ar t e rs of t h e h eav en s w ith t he

ad d it io n o f t h e zeni t h o r t h e nad ir the m o re u su al n u m b er is fo ur or

si x .
86 m s H YM N S or [s o ar 1 1 1 .

H YM N V .

T m s Parna A m u l e t h ath co m e st ro ng an d de st r o y
-
,

i n g w i t h it s st r e n gt h m y r i val s .

’
T h e p o w e r o f t h e Go ds t h e p l an t s sw e e t esse n c e , ,

m ay i t i n c i te m e ce ase l e ssly w i th v i g o u r .

2 O Par na A m u l e t i n m e se t fi r m ly m i g h t an d o p u l e n ce
-
, .

W i t hi n th e c o m p ass o f m y r u l e m ay I b e r o o t e d an d
re m e
su
p .

3 T h at de ar m y st er i o u s A m u e t w h ch
l i Go ds h av e se t
w it h i n t h e t ree ,
M ay t h e G o ds g ran t to m e to w ear t o ge t h e r w i t h
e x t e n de d li fe .

V r u na i n st r u ct e d Par na h ath
’
4 A s I n dra s
g i ft by a ,

c o m e th e m i h t y st r e n t h o f S o m a
, g g
Th i s w o u l d I b ri g h t ly sh in in g l o v e an d ch e r i sh fo r
, .

l o n g li fe l ast i ng t hr o u gh a h u n d re d au t u m n s .

5 T he Parse Ch ar m h ath c o m e t o m e fo r g re at se cu r i
-

t y fr o m ill ,

T h at I m ay b e e xal te d y e a ab o ve t he w eal t h o f , ,

A r
yam an .

T h e h y m n is add ressed b y a n ew l y el ect ed Kin g t o an A m u l et w h ich -

is to st re n gt h en h is p o sit io n an d co n fi rm h is au t h o r it y .

1 T h i s P u m a A m u l et Par na ( m ean in g o rigi n al l y feat h er, feat h er

-
’

l ik e l eaf in l ate r t im es gen e ral l y cal l ed Pal i sa, is t h e Bu te a F ro n d o sa,

a b eau t ifu l sacred t ree w it h l arg e l eav es an d fi ne re d fl o w ers . T he
g reat l ad l e w it h w h ich cl ar i fied b u t t e r is p o u red in t o t h e fi re, an d
o t h er sac rifi cial u t e nsil s, are m ad e o f i ts w oo d t o w h ich , in t h e sh ap e o f

am u l ets, al so t h e g reatest e fli cacy w as ascri b e d Pro fesso r We b er .

o b se r v es t h at p ar na, feat h er, is et y m o l o gical l y iden t ical w it h t h e Ger

m an F arn , E n gl ish fern cf t h e Gre e k i rr i p rc, t h e fe at h ery p l an t , fe rn
. .

F ern see d w as su p p o sed to h ave th e p o w er o f ren der in g o n e w h o carried

-

it in vi sib l e, an d t h e p l an t w as said t o be of cel est ial o r igi n , an d ab l e

to secu re t h e fu l fi l m en t o f e ve ry w i sh : se e S im rock , H an d b u ch d er
De u t sch en M yt h o l og ie, p 4 98 . . T he m et re o f th e fi rst l i n e is irreg u l ar,
t h e fi rst p zi da b ei ng oct osy l l ab i c an d t h e seco n d h en decasy l l ab ic
’
.

3 T hat dear m yster i ou s A m u l et : m ean in g t h e m agical vi rt u e po sses

sed b t h e ch arm rat h er t h an t h e ch arm i tsel f, t h e w ear in g o f w h ich
y
w as in t h e speak e r s
’
o wn p o w e r .
3 m m T H E arm s VA V E DA -
. 87

6 S agac i o u s bu il de rs o f th e car , c e v er an d sk
l il fu l ar t i
san s,

M ak e al l th e m e n o n e ve r y si de Parna , ,
o b e d i en t to
m y w ill .

7 T he k i n g s an d m ak e rs o f th e k i n gs, tr o o p -
l eaders ,

m ast e r s o f t h e h o rse ,
M ak e al l t h e m e n o n e ve r y si de Parna , , o b e di e n t to
m y will .

8 Th o u , Parna , art m y b o dy s gu ard ’

,
m an k in by bi r th
t o m e a m an .

W i t h s p l e n do u r of th e i li ng y ear I bi n d
c rc t h ee o n
m e, A m u l e t !

H YM N V I .

M A SCULI NE s r n gs
p i fro m m ascu li n e , A sv at th a
g ro w s
fro m K h ad i ra .

M ay i t de st ro y m i ne e nem i es , wh o h at e m e and
w h o m I d e t e st .

5 B ath co m e to m e : o r, l it e ral l y, h at h m ou n t ed m e , t h at is, b abl

p ro
y,
b een faste n ed ro u n d m y n eck .

6 Bu i l der s o f the ear t h e r athakdr ah, w heel wrigh t, carpen te r,

ch ario tf m ak e r, w as h el d in h igh h o n o u r i n t h e v il l ag e co m m u n i ty an d
t h e b u il der o f h is w ar ch ar io ts w as o n te rm s o f fr ie n d l y in t im acy
-

w i t h th e k in g H e w as m o reo ver re gard ed as t h e re p resen t at ive o f

.

t h e R ib h u s, t h ose an cie n t art ifi cers w h ose w o n d ro u s sk i l l o b tain ed fo r

t h e m a p l ace am o n g t h e Go ds : se e R ig ved a I 20 . .

7 M ak er s of the ki ngs t he in fl u en t ial n ob l es w h o se t t h e k ing on h is

t h ro n e M aster s of t he h orse
. sd tdll ; chari o tee rs I n V ed ic t im es t h ese .

w ere ro yal o ffi cers o f co n siderab l e i m p o r t an ce, and in t he E ic p eri od

p
t h ey w ere al so t h e h eral ds o f t h e k in g .

8 P arna W eb er tak es t h e w o rd as n o m inat iv e T h o u art m y

b ody s feat h ered g u ard t reats it as t ri sy l l ab ic, an d o m its vi r o, m an ,
’

as a gl oss M an m an l y, h ero ic, o n acco un t of t h e m ag ic p o w er w h ich

.

t h o u p ossessest, an d so ak in to m e Wi th sp l en do u r b y bin din g th ee

.

o n , I sec ure t o m ysel f al l t h e sp l en do u r o f t h e year .

T h e h ym n is addressed to an A m u l et o f A svat t ha w oo d w h ich is to

’
secu re t h e de feat an d d estr u ctio n o f t h e w eare r s e n em i es .

1 A gvat tha ( awasthu , stan din g p l ace fo r h o rses) is t h e F icus R el igiosa,

-

t h e P ip pal , Peep al , o r sac red fi g t ree I t is ve n erated b y H in d us, an d

-
.

ac co rd in g to A t har va veda V 4 3 t h e Gods si t u n de r it s sh ade in t h e

-
. .
as r am H YM N S or [ s oar H I :

2 C ru shdo w n m y fo es, A svat th a ! R and, O B u rste s,

t h o se w ho sto r m an d r ag e ,
W i t h I n dra, sl ay e r o f the fie n ds, w ith M i tra an d
w i t h V aru na .

3 A s t h o u hast re n t and to r n apart , A svat t ha ! i n the

m ig h t y se a,

S o re n d asu n de r al l t h o se m en w h o h ate m e an d
w ho m I de t e st .

4 T h o u w h o li k e so m e v i cto ri o us b u ll d isp l ay est t hy

su r assi n m i h t
p g g ,
W i t h t h e e , w i t h t h ee , A svat tha ! w e w o u l d o vercom e
ou r enem i es
.

5 N i rri t i b i n d t h e m w i th t h e b o n ds of D e at h w h i ch
b e l o o sed
n ev e r m a
y ,

M i ne e n e m i e s, A svat t h a ! th o se w h o hate m e an d
w h o m I de t e st .

6 A s tho u A g vat th a m o u n t e st o n th e t re e s an d o ver

,

t h ro w est t h e m ,

So do t ho u b reak m y fo e m an s h ead asu n der an d

’

’
o e r po w e r h i m .

7 L e t t h e m dr ift do w n w ard li k e a b oat to rn fr o m th e

r o p e t h at fast e n e d it .

t hird h eaven . It s seed s germ in at e in t he h o l l o ws o f o t her t rees, and

t he n ew g ro w t h,
w h ich even t u all y dest ro ys it s fost er -
m o t h er, is
en do w ed w it h m agical p o w e rs so m e w h at si m il ar t o t h ose ascr ib ed t o t h e

parasite m ist l e to e i n Euro p e, esp eciall y w h en it gro ws on trees, su ch

as t h e oak an d t h e hazel , w h ich do n o t usu al l y b ear it T h e A svatt ha .

en erall y gro ws o n t h e Se m i ( Proso p is Sp i cige ra) in t he p resen t

g
in stan ce it sp rin gs fro m t h e Khad ira ( A cacia C atech u ), an d, w hat is
st i ll m o re su rp r isi n g, m ascu l i ne sp r i ngs f rom m ascu l i n e, t hat is, t h e

n am es o f b o t h trees are w o rds o f t h at g en d er .

2 0 Bu r ster vai bddha so cal l ed b ecause it sp l it s asun de r t he

w ood , m aso n ry, o r st o n e in w h ose crevi ces it s se ed has germ in at ed an d

gro w n . Wi th I n dr a in al l ian ce w it h h im .

3 A s thou ha st r en t t h e Kh ad ira t ree . I n the m ighty sea in t he

to p m ost b ran ch es t h at w aved in t h e o cean o f ai r .

5 N i r ri ti : t he Goddess o f Mi sfo rt un e, Death. an d Destr u cti o n .

90 T H E H YM NS OF [ BOOK III.

4 M ay th o se t w i n st ars, au s
p c o u s, n am ed i i R e l ease rs,
u
p i n y o n d er sk y ,

L o o se of t he ch r o n c i m a ad l y the u p p er m o st an d
l o w est bo n d .

5 W ate r i n de ed
, ,
hath p o w e r to h eal , W ate r dr i ves
m al ady aw ay .

M ay w ate r— fo r —
it h eal et h al l fre e th e e fro m p er m a
n ent d i sease .

6 H at h so m e
p r e
p ar ed decoct i o n bro u gh t i n veterate
d i se ase o n t h e e ,
I k n o w t he bal m t h at h eal e t h it : we dr i v e t h e m a ad l y
aw a y .

7 W h at t i m e th e st ar l igh t di sap p ears, w h at t i m e th e

g l e am s of D aw n d e p art ,
M ay e v il fo r tu n e p ass fro m u s, th e ch ro n c s ck n ess
i i
d i sap pear .

H YM N V III .

L ET M i tr a c o m e arran g i n t he S easo n s, l u lli n g

,
w i th
t he E art h t o re st w i t h g e am s o f s p l e n do u r .

A n d so l e t A g n i V aru na an d V a y u m ak e o u r do m i
, ,

n i o n t r an q u i l an d e x al te d .

2 M ay I n dra T vash tar h e ar m y w o rd w i t h fav o u r ,

,

m ay B h a tar , R ati , S av i t ar ac ce p t it .

I cal l th e Go dde ss A di t i , h e ro es m o th er , t hat I m ay ’

b e t h e ce n tr e o f m y k i n sm e n .

4 T h e stan za is al m ost ide n t ical w it h I I 8 1 . . .

—
5 I t se em s t h at t h e pat ien t p ro bab l y a c h i ld — w as b at h e d at t h is
st age o f t h e ce re m o n y Dr Gril l r e fers t o R ig ved a
. 1 37 6
. X . .
‘
T he
w at e rs h ave a b al m fo r al l l et t h em m ak e m ed icin e fo r t h ee
’
.

7 T he cerem o n y l ast s t ill su n ri se, w h en t h e p at i en t is su p p o sed to

b e cu red T he hy m n is o n e Dr Gril l H u n d ert L ied er, pp 8, 1 05
’
. of . s . .

T h e h ym n is a ch ar m to se cu re t h e su b m issio n , l o v e, an d fi del it y of .

k in sm en .

l M i tr a t h e F ri en d, w h ose favo ur is esp ecial l y n ecessary i n su ch a

case. Lu l l i ng the E ar th in h is ch aract er o f t h e S u n an d Go d o f Day .

2 t tar t h e Ordain e r : see II . 36 .2 . E ri n? Favo u r, d i v in e

m o t h er o f t h e A d it yas
’
’
Grace p e rson ifi ed : see I 26 2 H
. . . er oes m o ther .
H YM N T H E A T H A R V A V E DA -
. 91

3 S o m a I call , an d S av i tar w i t h h o m age , an d al l t h e

A di t y as 1n t h e ti m e o f c o n t e st .

L o n g m ay t h i s fi re se n d fo r th it s sp l e n do u r, li g h ted
by k i n sm e n u t t e ri ng n o w o rd agai n st m e .

4 H ere , v e r , ily m ay ygo u st a fy:

a r t h eor y e nTo h e .

st ro n
g H e r d ,
L o rd o f I n c r e ase , d ri v e y o u h i t h e r !
T o p l e ase t h i s m an m ay al l th e G o ds t o g et h e r c o m e
u n t o y o u an d b e as d am e s w ho l o v e h i m .

5 W e be n d t o ge th er al l yo u r m i n ds y o u r
, v o w s and

p p
u r o se s be n d we .

W e b e n d t o g et h e r yo u w h o stan d ap art w i th h o p e s
o
pp o se d t o o u rs .

6 I w i t h m y sp i r i t se i ze an d h o l d y o u r sp i r i ts F o ll o w .

w i t h t h o u g h t an d w i sh m y t h o u g h t s an d w i sh e s .

I m ak e yo u r h eart s t h e t h rall s o f m y do m i n i o n : o n m e
at t e n dan t c o m e t h e w ay I g u i de yo u .

H Y M N IX .

H i s th e si re , t h e m o t h e r E arth , o f Kar sap h a

E A V EN
an d V isap h a .

A s y e h av e b ro u gh t t h e m h i th e r, Go ds ! so do y e
m o v e t h e m h e n ce aw ay .

3 T hi s fi r e t h e sacri fi cial fi r e in w h ich o b l at ions t o t h e in v o k ed

de it ies are o ffered .

4 M ay you stay t h e k in sm en are ad d ressed T h e st ron g H er d

.

Pfish an , t h e g u ard ian o f fl ock s an d h e rd s, an d gi ve r o f gen eral

i t T h i m a t h h h l d w h o reci t es t h e re ce d in
p ro sp e r y. s n e o use o er p g
an d t h e fo l l o w in g stan zas, th is st anza b e in g sp o k en b y o n e o f t h e
ofii ciat in g p ri ests .

T h e hym is a ch arm again st V ish k an dh a o r R heu m at ism see I 1 6

n . .

I Karsap h a an d V i sap h a, t h e l at t er m ean in g h oo fl ess, o r h av in g

d ist o rted h oo fs, are said in th e S P Dict io n ary t o den o te t w o im p s o r
. .

g o b l i n.s A cco r d in g t o W e b e r t h e w o rd s a r e a
pp e l l at i v es, t h e f o r m e r

fro m bri e, t o em ac iat e, an d t h e l att e r fro m «i s, t o pen et rat e, w it h a

s u ffi x ap h u = a bh a u se 1dn t h e fo r m a t io n o f t h e n am es o f so m e an i m al s

e t ran sl at io n w o ul d t h en b e : H eav en
( as o ri sh a bha, cal abha, e tc
) T h
is t h e si re , t h e m o th er Eart h , o f t hat w h ich t h ins an d p e n e t rates ( i e . .

V ish kan dh a o r R h e u m at ism ) .A s ye have b ro u gh t it h it h er, Gods !

so do ye m ov e i t h en ce aw ay .
93 M E 3 1 mm or [ BOOK 111 .

2 T he ban ds h o l d fast w i tho u t a k n o t : t his is t h e w ay

t h at M an u u sed .

I m ak e V ishk andh a i m p o ten t as o n e e m ascu l ate t h

b u ll s .

3 Then to a taw n y -
l
co o u red st r n g i th e w i se an d sk il
fu l bi n d a brush .

L et ban dages m ak e i m p o te n t th e stro n

g an d acti v e
Kabava .

4 Y e who m o v e act ve i in yo u r st r e ng th lik e Go ds w i th

A i
’
su ras m ag c o w e rs,
p
E v e n as t he m o n key sc o r n s t h e dogs, B andag e s ! sc o re
th e Kfib av a .

5 Y ea, I w i l l ch ide t h ee t o t h y sh am e , I w ill di sg race

th e KAb ava .

U n de r o u r i m p recat io n s ye li k e ,
ra
p i d cars, sh a ll p ass
aw ay .

6 O n e an d h u n dred o v er ear th ar e t h e V ish k an d h as

one
s r e ad abr o ad
p .

B e fo r e t h e se h av e t h ey fe t ch ed th e e fort h , V i sh
k an dh a q u e lli n g A m u l et
-
.

2 T he ban ds b an dages ro u n d t h e affect ed p ar ts . 1 1 an s th e

t hin k er, M an p ar excel l en ce, t h e p ro gen it o r o f m an k in d .

3 A bru sh w it h w h ich to p ro d u ce co u n t e irr itat io n .

r -
I ado p t

Web er s in terp re tat ion

’
of khrigala , w hi ch Bgi in
v ed a I I 3 9 4 m ean s . .

apparen tl y a st aff or cru t ch , w h ich w o u l d n o t su it t h is p assag e .

d aea o ne o f th e dem ons . of th e d isease .

4 I nst ead of yend a w o

'
rd o f o n e sy l l ab l e is re q ui red b y the m e t ro

read dem o n s T he w hen

’ ’
y d sh o u l d p ro b ab l y b e . Am r as . m on k ey :

h e is safe u p a t ree .

6 On e and on e h u ndr ed a n um b er fre qu en t l y used o f il l -

o m en e d
o r u n p l easan t o b ect s j ; t h e h u n dred an d o n e w ays dyin g h ave b een
of

m en t io n ed b e fo re : see I 30 3
. . . In A V . V . 30 . 1 6, T ak m an o r Fev er
is said to have a h u n d red rack in g p ain s So in Bo h em i a t h e p o p ul ar .

b e l ief reck o n ed u p a h u n dred v arie t ies o f t hat disease : see Gro h m an n ,

Ind isch e St u d ien , I X p 390 Bef o re these : in fro n t
. . . o f, an d to o p p o se,

al l t h ese rh eu m at ic p ai ns .
94 r an H YM NS or [ B OOK 1 11 .

6 T he 1 15 fl o w s w i t h o il an d fatn ess :
i
sh r n e o f . acce p t,

O Jatav e das, o u r o b l at io n s .

Tam e an i m als o f v ar i e d fo r m an d co l o u r -
m ay al l

the se v e n a bi de i w th m e c o n te n te d .

7 C o m e t h o u to m e an d m ak e m e p r o sp er
n o u r i sh .

Ni gh t ! m ay t h e favo u r o f t h e Go ds atte n d u s .

Fill ed fu ll 0 L adl e fly t h o u fo rth C o m p l e t e ly fill ed

, ,
.

fl y b ack agai n .

S e r v i n g at e v e ry sacr ifi ce b r i n g t o u s fo o d an d
e n er y
g .

8 Th i s Y ear h ath co m e to u s th y l o rd an d co n so rt , ,

O E kfis h tak fi .

V o u ch safe u s ch il dre n l o n g t o li ve bl ess

, us w thi
i n cr ease o f o u r w eal t h .

9 T he S e aso n s, an d the Se aso n s Lo rds I

’
w o rsh i p ,
an n u a l p ar ts an d
g p
ro u s,

H al f ye ars Y e ars
-
, ,
M o n th s, I o ffe r t o th e Lo rd o f all

e x i st i n t h i
g g
n s .

6 T he shr i ne f o t h
1 1s
e p l ace o f w o rsh i
p an d l ib at io n p e rso n i fi ed
as a Go dd ess . J d tavedas w ise A gn i T am e an i m al s rep resen tat iv es
.

of t h ese are b ro u gh t t hat t h ey m ay sh are t h e b e n ed i ct io n . A ll the_

seven o x, h o rse, sh ee p , g o at , m u l e , ass, an d m an fi ve of w hich are
sacri fi cial an im al s : see I I 34 1. . .

7 Ladl e w it h w h ich t h e cl ar ifi ed b u t t er is p o u red in t o t h e sacri fi

c ial fire . C om p l etel y fi l l ed : b rin gin g ab u n dan t b l essin gs to us in re
t u rn fo r o u r o b l at io n t o t h e Go ds .

8 E hdsh takd F irst A sh tak i ; t h e eigh t h day after t h e fi rst fu l l

or

m oo n o f t h e N e w Y ear , regarded, o n accou n t o f it s su p erio r i m p o r tan ce,

as t h e C o n so rt o f t h e p erso n i fi ed Y ear .

9 T he Seasons t h e h o t w eat h er, t h e rain s, an d t h e co l d w eat h er .

T heSeason s Lo rds t h e genn w h o p reside o ver t h ose d ivisio n s o f t h e year

’
.

I n R igv eda X
2 l A gn i is in vo k ed as Lo rd o f Seaso n s p ar ex cel l ence
. . .

T h e L o r d of al l ex i sti ng thi ng s an y o n e o f t h e g reat Go d s w h o at t h e

t im e o f w o rsh ip occu p ies th e fo rem ost p l ace in t h e t h o u gh t s o f t h e w o r

H YM N l l .
] T H E A T H A R VA V E DA -
. 95

I o ffe r th e S e aso n s, t o t h e i r sev e ral g ro u p s,

to
t o M o n th s, t o Y e ars,
D h fi tar , V idh t t ar , F o r t u n e, t o t h e L o rd o f al l e x i st
i n g t h i n gs .

W i t h fat n e ss an d lib at i o n w e sacr ifi ce an d ado r e th e

G o ds .

W e al th y in k i n e m ay w e r et i re t o rest u s in our

m o de st ho m es .

E k fish tak a, b u rn i n g w i t h ze al o u s fe r vo u r , b ro u g ht
fo rt h h e r bab e t he g re at an d gl o r i o u s I n dra .

W i t h h im t h e Go ds su bdu e d t h e i r ad versari es
t h e L o rd o f M ig h t b ec am e t h e D asy u s sl ay e r
’
.

I n dra s an d So m a s m o th er ! t ho u art dau gh t e r o f

’ ’

Praj ap at i .

h ear ts desi r es
’
Sat i sfy t ho u ou r . Gl adly acce p t o u r
sacr ifi ce .

H YM N X I .

F OR li fe I se t t h ee fre e by t h i s o bl at i o n b o th fr o m
u n m ark e d de c li n e an d fro m c o n su m
p t i on

10 t tar t h e Ordai n e r . V id hdtar the Disp oser F or tun e Pros

.

i t rso n ifi ed
p e r y, p e .

12 Wi thigi o ns f er vou r : tdp asd ; acco rd in g t o W eb e r,

r el
‘
se ize d w it h
t h e p an gs o f ch il db ir t h T h ei r adver sar i es : t h e A suras
’
. or de m o n s,
call ed al so Dasy us, w h o fo u gh t again st t h em .

1 3 I n d r a s an d Som a s m o ther : t h e l au dat ion o f t h e p e rso n ifi ed

’ ’

Ek fish tak h o r F irst A sh tak fi h ere reach es i t s cl im ax ‘

I n stan zas 3
. .

an d 8 sh e w as cal l ed t h e C o n so rt o f t h e Y ear , an d h ere sh e b e co m e s

t h e m o t h er o f t w o o f t h e ch ief Go d s an d daug h t er o f t h e F at h e r o f t h e
Gods — Web er P r aj ap ati Lo rd o f C reat ures, C reato r ; a Su p rem e
.

Be in g ab o ve t h e V ed ic Go d s an d so m e t im es regard e d as t h ei r fat h e r .

T h e hym n h as b een tran sl at ed b y L u dw ig, Der R ig veda, I I I p 201 . . .

T h e hym n is a ch arm fo r t h e reco v ery o f a sick p e rso n i n ext rem e

dan g er o f deat h St an zas 1 — 4 ar e tak en , w it h vari at io n s in 3 an d 4 ,
.

fro m Rigv eda X

1 61 1 — 4 , an d appear ag ain , w it h o u t t h ese variat io ns
. .

in A V . XX 96 6— 9. . .

1 Un m ar lced decl i n e so m e i n sid iou s d isease d i fferin g fro m R a j a

y ak s h m a o r p u l m on ary co ns u m p t io n P e r hap s, as Pro f im m e r su

.

g . Z
g es t s, h y p e rt ro p h y m ay b e t h e c o m p l ai n t in te n d e d : se e A l t in d i sch es
Le b e n, p 37 7 . T he gr asp i n g dem o n gr dhi , fro m gr ah, t o seize, a
.

fem al e dem o n w h o seizes m en an d k il l s t h em .

96 m s: ar m s or [ B OOK m r.

O r if t h e g rasp i n g de m o n h av e p o sse ssed him free

‘

h i m fro m h e r , 0 I n dra, t h o u an d A gn i
2 Be h is days e nde d , b e h e n o w d e p art e d, b e h e
br o u h t ve ry n e ar t o de at h al re ady ,
f
O u t o D est ru ct i o n s l ap agai n I b ri n g h i m , save h i m
’

fo r l i fe t o l ast a h u n dr e d au t u m n s .

3 W i th sacr ifi ce h u nd re d ey e d an d h u n dre d p o w ered -

‘

-
,

b ri ng i ng a h u n dr e d li v e s h av e I rest o re d h i m , ,

T h at I n d ra t h ro ugh t h e au t u m n s m ay co n du ct h im
safe t o rt h e far th e r sh o re o f al l m i sfo r t u n e .

Li ve w ax i n g in t h y str e n gt h a h u n dred au t u m n s
, , ,

li ve t h ro u gh a h u n dre d sp ri ngs a hu n dre d w i n t e rs ! ,

I n dra A g n i Savi tar B ri h asp at i gi v e t he e a h u n dre d !

, , ,

W i t h h u n dre d li ve d o blat i o n h ave I sav e d h i m

-
“

B r e at h R e sp i rat i o n co m e t o h im as t w o car o xe n
, , ,
-

t o t h e i r st all
L et all t h e o t h e r deat hs , w h e r e o f m e n c o u nt a hun
dred , p ass away .

6 B reat h , R es
p i rat i o n , st a y y e h e re . G o ye n ot h en ce
aw a fro m h i m
y .

B r i n g , so t h at he m ay r e ach o l d a e , b o dy an d m e m
g
be rs b ack agai n .

7 I i ve t h e e o ver t o o l d a e , m ak e t h e e t he bj e ct of
g g su
o ld a e
g .

L e t k i n d ly o l d age l e ad th e e on . L e t al l t h e o t h e r
deat h s, w h e re o f m e n co u n t a h u n dre d, p ass aw ay !

2 A hu n dr ed au t u m n s au t u m ns rep re se n t in g h ere, as Pro f . Web er

re m ark s, a m iddl e stag e b e t w ee n t h e an cien t co m p u t at io n b y w i n t ers

( h i m as an d t h e l ate r reck on i n g b y rai n ys eas o n s

)
i n g t o t h e so u t h w ard advan ce o f t h e A ryan se t t l em en ts.

Rg d h h u n d red au t u m n ed
’
3 H u n d r ed p -
o w er ed t he i ve a as -
.

4 Gi ve thee a hu n dr ed : au t u m n s o r y ears b ei n g u n derst oo d . T he

t h ird p i d a is ext rav agan t l y h yp e rm et ri cal, an d cann ot be redu ced to
t h e T rish tu p stan dard .

5 T he o ther death s b esides n at u ral deat h t h ro u gh o l d age .

98 T H E H YM N S or [ B O O K 1 11 .

5 Q u e en of th e H o m e ! t h o u , sh e l te ri n g k i n dly G o d ,

d e ss, w as t stabli sh e d by t h e G o ds i n t h e b e g i n n i n g .

Cl ad i n thy ro b e o f grass b e fr i e n dly m i n ded , an d -

g i v e u s w e al t h w i th
g o o d ly m e n ab o u t u s .

6 T h o u P o l e , i n o rder e d fash i o n m o u n t t he p ill ar .

S tro n g , sh i n i n g fo r t h afar , k e ep o fi o u r fo e m e n
'

H o u se ! l e t n o t th o se w h o d w e ll w i th i n t h e e su ffe r .

Li ve w e , w i t h al l o u r m e n , a h u n dre d au t u m n s .

7 T o t h i s t h e t en de r bo y h at h co m e , t o t h i s t h e cal f
w i th al l t he b e asts ,

T o t h i s t h e cr o ck o f fo am i n g dr i n k , h i t h e r w i th j ar s
o f c u r d l e d m il k .

8 B r in g h i t h e rw ar d, O dam e , th e we fi ll e d p i tch er,

ll -

t h e st r e am o f m o l t e n b u t t e r bl e n t w i th n e ctar .

B e de w th e se dr i n k er s w i th a d rau gh t o f A m r i t .

M ay al l o u r h o p e s f u lfil m e n t g u ard t h i s d w e lli n g

’
.

i n V edi c t im es an d co m p arat i v el
y v ir gin so il . T h e gen eral m ean in g is
cl ear , b u t th e e xact se n se in w h i ch a t tan o t u is u sed is n o t ce rt ain .

A cco rdin g t o t h e St P Dict ion ary t h e

. . co m p o un d v e rb m ean s, t o p e ne
t rat e, t o cau se t o t ak e roo t .

5 Qu een of the H o m e : t h e fe m al e dei ty w h o p resides o v er h o u se

b u il d in g, an d w h o w as o rig in al l y co m m issio n ed b y t h e Go ds t o i n s
t ru ct m en in t h is art R obe of gr ass w i th re fere n ce t o t h e t h at ch o n
.

t h e roo f .

6 P o l e : l ite ral l y, b am b oo ; t h e cro ss b eam T he p i l l ar p rob ab l y

-
.

m ad e o f so m e m o re du rab l e w o o d Sh i n i ng f or th p erh ap s, b ecau se

.

i t w as sm e are d w it h o in t m en t t o p reser ve it fro m t h e w eat h er an d

t h e att ack s o f w h it e an ts -
.

7 Wi th al l the beasts : j agal a sahd ; d

j g at h e re b e in g u sed , as i t
f requ en t l y is, in t h e sp ecial sense o f d o m est ic an im al s see I 31 4 . . .

F o am i ng dr i nk p ar i sr zi tas a b everage p rep ared fro m h erb s, a so rt

o f b eer .

8 0 dam e t h e m ist ress o f t h e n ew l y b u i l t h o use M o l ten bu t ter .

bl en t w i th n ectar p ro b ab l y , as W e b er o b se r ves, o n l y eu p h em ist i c

n am e s fo r g o od l iq u o r o f so m e so r t A l l p re sen t see m t o h av e b e en
.

ro v id e d w i t h re fr esh m e n t as at an En g l ish h o use w arm i n g A m ri t

p
-
.

’
n e c t ar , o r an y sw eet d r in k H op es f u lfi l m en t : i shtdp ur tdm
. m ean

i n g t he rew ard o f o u r p 1o us w o rk s .
m u m T H E e ras e rs m o s -
. so

9 W ate r th at k ill s C o n su m p t i o n fre e fro m al l C o n su m p ,

t i o n h ere I b r i n g
, .

W i t h A g n i t h e i m m o rtal o n e I en te r and p o ssess

, ,

t h e h o u se .

H YM N XII I .

A s vs , w hen A hi h ad b ee n sl ai n , flo w ed fo rth t oge

t he r w i t h a r e ar ,

So ar e y e ca ll e d th e R o ar ng i O n es : th i s, 0 ye
i v e rs 1s yo u r n am e
R , .

2 A s d ri ve n fo rt h by V ar u na ye sw i ft ly u rged y o u r
ro lli n g w av e s ,

T h er e I n dra r e ached y o u as yo u fl o w ed : h e n ce ye
ar e st ill t h e W at e r fl o o ds -
.

3 I n dra r e strai n e d yo u w i th h is m igh t Go ddesses , ,

as y e gli de d o n
N o t in acco r dan ce w i th h is w il l : h e n ce h ave y e g o t
the n am e o f S tre am s
.

9 T h e h ou se h o l der n o w en te rs an d t ak es fo rm al p o ssessi o n of the

h o u se w ith w at er an d fi re , t h e t w o m o st im p o rtan t n ecessari es o f

h u m an l ife .

T h e h ym n has b een t ran sl ated b y Lu dw ig, Der R ig veda, p 4 63 ; .

Z
b y im m er, A l t in disch es Leb en , p 1 50, an d b y Gril l , w i th ann o t at ion s,
.

H un dert Lied er, p p 59, 1 08 . .

A h ym n o n t h e occasio n o f cu tt in g a ch an n el fo r irrigatio n o r to
av ert a fl ood .

1 T h e deifi ed R iv ers are ad dressed A hi t h e Dragon , V rit ra, t h e.

ch ief dem o n w h o k eep s t h e w at ers o f h eaven im p riso n ed in t h e dar k

cl o u d T he R oar i ng Ones : n adya

. s a co m m o n n am e o f ri vers, deri v

ed from t h e roo t n o d, to roar, w h ich ap p ears in dnadatd , ye ro ar ed ,

of l in e 1 .

2 Dr i venf by V aru or th
n a so , V a ru n a d u g t h e ch an n el s fo r t h y
fo r ward co u rse, 0 S in dh u
’
Rg i ve d a 7 5 .2 R e a ched : a n o t
p X W
. ate r . . .

l d d l t h t w w o rd s w hi ch h ave n o et m o l o gi cal
f o o s p as a a
p y p u o n e o y
co nn exio n .

3 R estr ai n ed dvi var ata, from Str eam s l it eral l y,

vri . w ater, di
v
'

an o t h er l
p ya u pon t wo w o rds o f u n co n n ect ed o rigin .
1 09 T H E H YM N S or [ BOOK 111 .

4 One on ly Go d se t fo o t on y o u flo w i n g acco rd n g i
to y o u r w ill .

T h e m i g h t y o n e s b reat h ed u p w ar d fast : h e n ce Wat er

is t h e n am e t h ey b e ar .

5 W at er is g o o d w at e r i n de ed is fat n ess A g n i an d , .

S o m a t r u ly b o t h b r i n g w at e r
, ,
.

M ay t h e st r o n g rai n o f t h o se w h o scatte r sw ee t n ess

c o m e h e l fu l u n t o m e w i t h b re at h an d v i o u r
p g .

6 T h en v e r ily I see y e a al so h e ar t h e m : t h e i r so u nd
, , ,

ap p ro ac h e s m e t h e i r v o i c e co m e s h i t h er , .

E v e n t h e n I t h i n k I am e nj o y i n g A m r i t w h at t i m e ,

I dr i n k m y fill o f yo u g o l d co l o u re d ! ,

7 H e r e 0 y e W at e rs i s y o u r h e ar t
, H er e is y o u r , .

c al f h l y
y e o o
, n es .

Fl o w h e r e j u st h er e 0 m i gh ty St ream s w hi th e r
, , ,

I n o w am l e adi n g y o u .

4 One on l y Go d igh ty on es : t h e R i vers

: B r eathed
I n dra T he . m .

u w ar d ddd m sh u s ; Op p ressed b y t h e w eigh t o f t h e God Water

'

p .

ud alrci m a p l ay o n t h e rid i n t h i s w o rd an d dd d n zshu s

’

5 Water i s g oo d l ik e Pin d ar s A p ar t o u p i v 53c m F atn ess : in

’ "
.

t he sh ap e o f fer t i l iz in g rain . T h ose w ho sca tter sw eetness t he W at ers .

6 Go l d-co l o u r ed l a i l ik l d i t h e su n sh in e
g e m n g e g o n .

7 T h is stan za co n tain s t h e p rac t ical p art o f t h e ce rem o n y, t h e p re

ced in g st an zas b e in g m er el
y in t r o d u cto ry T h e can al is al ready cu t , .

an d t h e w at e r o f t h e r iver is to be ad m it te d . H er ei s y o u r hear t :
t h is n e w ch an n el w h ich t h e r i ve r i s t o fi l l is n ow to b e d ear t o y o u .

Yo u r cal
f : d a r lyi
on g;
ur l o v e d as t h e cal f i s b y i t s m o t h e r a co m

m o n t e rm o f e n d earm en t A cco rd in g t o t h e d irect io n s g i v en in t h e

.

Kau sik a Sfit ra XL 3— 6, w it h t h e recit at io n o f p ada 1 so m e go l d is

-
.

d e p o sit e d ; w it h p zi da 2 a frog w it h ru sh l ik e st reak s, w it h a b l u e an d a -

red t h r ead t ied ro u n d i t , is p l aced u po n t h e go l d ; w it h p ada 3 t h e fro g

is co v e red w it h an aqu at ic p l an t cal l ed A v ak a , Se v al a o r Sev al a

( V l b o l ical m ean in g o f eac h act in t h is

a l isn eri a O ct an d ra) . T he sy m

p r o ced u re is, Pro f . Web er re m ark s, su ffi ci e n t l y i n te l l igi b l e . A l l t h at

w il l h e fo u n d o n t h e s o t in
p fu t u re is fi gu rat iv el y an d p ro l cp t ical l y
re
p r e s en t e d — t he
g o l d gl eam -
in g w at e r w it h it s rush es, it s frogs, an d
i ts l o t u s- fl o w ers Seval aa o r aq u at ic
[ p l an ts
] .
1 2
3 was su ms or [ BOOK 1 11 .

6 F o ll o w m e C o w s as m aste r o f t he cattl e H er e
, ,
. m ay
t h i s C o w p e n m ak e y o u gro w an d p ro spe r
-
.

S t ill w h il e w e li ve m ay w e ap p r o ach yo u li vi n g ,
e ver

i n c reasi n g w i th t he gro w th o f r i ch es .

H YM N X V .

I 8 1 1 11 an d i
an m at e th e m e r ch an t I n dr a : m ay he
ap p ro ach an d be l eade r
our g u i de an d .

C h asi n g ill w ill w il d b east an d h ig h w ay ro bb er

-
, , ,

m a
y h e w h o h a t h t h e
p o w e r g i v e m e r i ch e s .

2 T h e m an y p ath s w h i ch Go ds ar e w o n t t o t rav e l t h e ,

a t h s w h i ch b t w t h a t h a d h e av e n
p g o e e e n e e r n ,

M ay t h ey r ej o i c e w i t h m e i n m il k an d fat n ess th at I
m ay m ak e r i c h ro fi t by m y rch ase
p p u .

3 W i th fu e l A g n i ! an d w i th b u t ter l o n g i n g m i n e
, , ,

o ffe r i n I r e se n t fo r st re n t h an d co n q u e st ;
g p g
W i t h p ray e r so far as I h av e st re n gt h ado ri ng
, ,

th i s h o ly h y m n t o gai n a h u n d r e d t re asu r e s .

6 Ap p r oach t h e w ord zip a sadew a im p l yin g -

caref u l at t en t io n to t h o
w an ts o f t h e co w s .

T h e hym n h as b een t ran sl at ed b y Lu d w ig, Der R igveda, I II p 4 69, . .

an d, w it h an n o tat ion s, b y Gril l , H un dert Lieder, p p 64 , 1 1 2 . .

T h e h ym n is a m erch an t ’
s ra
p y e r to I n dra, A gn i , an d o th er Go ds fo r
su ccess in h is b u sin ess .

1 T he m er chan t I n dr a who deal s an d t rafli cs w it h h is w o rsh ip p ers,

q
re u i ri ng an d receiv in g a
p y
r e r an d o b l at io n in e xch an ge fo r t h e b l ess

in gs whi ch h e sen ds . Gu i de an d l eader th e m erch an t b e in g on th e

p o i n t o f st ar t in g o n a j our ney f
b usin ess p u rp oses I l l w i l l t h e ah
or .
-

st ract fo r t h e co n cret e ; ev ery en em y Wi l d beast an d h ighway r o bber

.

or, acco rdin g to Web er,

’
w il d b east t hat in fests th e w ay .

2 M ay they r ej oi ce wi th m e I read m e in stead o f m i; as Web er su g

g est s T h.e m ean in g is, M ay t h e Go ds w h o co m e fr o m h eav en t o ou r

sacrifi ces b e p l eased w it h t h e o b l ations w hich I o ffer t o t h em .

3 T h e sta za is t ak en from R gv
n i e d a I
I I 1 8 3 T h i s h ol h
y ym n . . .

g o vern ed b y , I p resen t , in th e fi rs t l i n e .
H YM N T H E A T H A R V A V E DA -
. 1 03

4 Pardo n t h i s st u bb o r n n ess o f o u rs, O A g n i , t h e dis

t an t p ath w ay w h i ch o u r fe e t h ave t ro dde n .

Pr o p i t i o u s u n t o u s b e sal e an d bar t er , m ay i n te r
c h an g e o f m e r ch an d i se e n r i c h m e .

A cce p t , ye t w ai n , acc o rdan t , t h i s l ib at i o n ! P ro sp er

o u s b e o u r v e n t u re s an d i n c o m i n gs .

5 T h e w e al t h w h er e w i th I carr y o n m y t rafi ic , se ek i ng ,
‘

e G o d s ! w e al t h w i t h t h e w e al t h I o ff e r ,
y
M ay t hi s g ro w m o r e fo r m e , n o t l e ss : O A g n i ,
t h ro u gh sacr ifi c e c h ase t h o se w h o h i n de r p r o fi t !
6 T h e w e al t h w h e re w i th I c arr y o n m y t rafii c , see k n i g,
G d s ! w e al t h w i t h t h e w e al th I o ffe r ,
y e o

H i
e re n m ay I n dr a , S avi tar , an d S o m a, P raj apat i ,

an d A g n i g i ve m e s l e n do u r
p .

7 W i th r e v e r e n ce we s i ng th y p rai se , O H o t ar -
p i
r e st

V aisvfi n ar a .

O ve r o u r ch il dre n k e e p t ho u w atch , o v e r o u r b o di e s ,

k i n e , an d li v e s .

S till t o t h e e e ve r w ill we b ri n g o blat i o n ,

as t o a
sta h o r se , 0 Jfi tav e das
bl e d .

J o yi n g i n fo o d an d i n t h e g ro w t h of r c i h es m ay w e
t h y se r van ts, A gn i , n ev e r su ffe r .

4 T h e fi rst l in e of t h is stan za, b o rro w ed fro m Rgi ve da I 3 1 1 6 , i s . .

su p erfl u o us an d o u t o f p l ace h e re . Dr . Gri l l an d P ro f . Z

im m er l eav e
it un t ransl at e d . Ye tw ai n I n dra w h o is ad dressed in stan za 1, an d

A gn i ad d ressed in 3 I nc om i n gs : zi t th i tam
. exp l ain ed b y t h e C o m m en

t ato r as vyavah dr dd u tp an n am ld bhayuh tam dhan am see Gril l s n o t e

’
.

5 T hr ough sacr ifi ce in ret urn fo r t h e sacri fi ce w h ich I o ff e r . T hose

t h e t ext h as devdi z, Go ds, w h ich m ars t h e m e re an d
t is p ro b ab l y a gl o ss .

6 Sp l en dou r : r dch i m o r, favo u r ; dign ity an d im p o rtan ce . A cco rd

in g t o W e b er th e w o rd h ere m eans u n d erst an d i n g
’
.

7 V ai gvdn ar a dear to all m en ; an ap pe l l ati ve of A gn i . T his

A n u sh tu p stanza app ears t o b e an in t erp o l at ion .

8 A s to a stabl ed hor se as w e car ry fod der t o a h o rse t h at i s no t

t urn ed ou t to graze . J dtavedas w ise A gn i . Servan ts p r dti vegda

o r, n eigh b ours .
1 04 T H E H YM N S or [ 8 0 0K 1 1 1 .

YM N X V I H .

A d m at daw n an d I n dra w e i n vo k e at daw n an d

, ,

V ar u na an d M i t ra an d t h e A sv i n s tw ai n : ,

B h aga at daw n P fi sh an an d B r ahm anasp at i S o m a , ,

at d aw n an d R u d ra w e i n v o k e at daw n
, .

2 W e call st ro ng B h aga c o n q u e r o r i n t h e m o r n i n g , ,

t h e so n o f A d i t i t h e g re at D i sp o se r , ,

W h o m each w h o de e m s h i m se l f p o o r st ro n g an dm i gh ty , ,

a k i n g addresse s t h u s Gr an t t h o u m y p o rt i o n
, ,

3 B h aga o u r gu i de B h ag a w h o se g i ft s are fai th fu l

, , ,

fav o u r t h i s h y m n an d g i v e u s w e al t h O B h aga ,
.

B h aga au g m e n t o u r st o re o f k i n e an d h o r se s
,
.

B h aga m ay w e b e r i ch i n m e n an d h e r o e s
, .

A cco rd i n g t o t h e Kau sik a S fit ra t h is h y m n is t h e b eg in n in g o f t h e

-

r it u al o f a t rav el l in g m e rch an t w h en ab o u t t o star t o n a t rad in g e x e

p
H h as al so t o reci t e t h e hym I II 27 , V I 1 , 3, 4 ,
’
d it io n . e ns . 26 an d .

5, 6, 7 , 59, 93, 1 07 , 1 28, an d IV . 28, w it h w h ich ce rt ain o b l at io n s

ar e t o be m ade . Se e Bl oo m fi el d, A m e ri can J o u rn al o f Ph il o l o gy , V I I .

p . 4 87 .

T h e h ym n h as b een t ran sl at e d b y L u d w ig, Der R ig veda, I I I p 21 5, . .

b y Gri l l , w it h an n o t at io n s, H u n de rt Li ed er , p p 69, 1 1 3, an d b y .

Z im m er , A l t in disch es Leb en , p 258 . .

T h e hym n is t h e m o r ni n g ra
p y e r of t h e g reat R ish i V asish t h a, t ak en,
w it h sl igh t v ariat io ns, fro m R igveda V II 4 1 . .

1 A t daw n : ra
p y e r an d p raise in t he earl y m o rn in g b e in g m o st

accep tab l e to t h e Go ds .

2 B h aga see I 26 2 C o nqu er or i n the m or n i n g : i n h is ch aracte r o f

. . .

t h e earl y Su n o v erp o w eri n g Ush as o r Daw n w h o in R igv ed a I 1 23 5 i s . .

c al l e d h is sist er . Di sp o ser o r, Su ppo rt e r . Gr an t thou m y p or ti o n

o r, m ay I recei ve m
y sh are . W eb er t ak es bhalesh i as t h e fi rst p erso n
sin gu l ar, A t m an ep ada, an d t h e Com m en t ar i es m ak e it seco n d p erso n

sin gu l ar, Parasm aip ada, of t h e ao ri st in each case . T he m e an in g is

t h at e v ery o n e, p o o r an d w eak , st ro n g an d m igh t y , t he k in g h i m sel f,
l o ok s to Bh aga as t h e g i v er of h is al l o t t ed fo rt u n e .
1 06 m s H YM N S or [ BOOK 1 11 .

Y M N XV IIH .

W xss an d sk il fu l m e n bi n d
de v o t e d to t h e Go ds t h e
p l o u h ro es fast
g p
-
,

A n d l ay t h e y o k es o n e i t h e r si de .

2 L ay o n th e y o k es an d fast e n w e l l th e traces : fo r m e d
is t he fu rr o w so w t h e se e d w i t h i n i t ,
.

V i ra j v o u c h safe u s h e ar i n
g fr au g h t w i th p l e n ty !
L e t t h e r i p e g rai n c o m e n e ar an d n ear th e si ck l e .

3 T h e k e e n sh ared l o u gh th at b r i n get h bli ss fu r n i sh ed

-
,

w i t h t race s an w i t h st il ts ,

S h e ar o u t fo r m e a c o w a sh e e p a rap i d draw er o f , ,

t h e car a bl o o m i n g w o m an p l u m p an d str o n g !
, ,

4 M ay I n dra p r e ss t h e fu rr o w do w n m ay P ush au ,

g u ar d an d c h e r i sh h e r .

M ay sh e w e ll sto re d w i th m il k yi e l d m il k fo r u s
, ,

t h ro u g h each su cc e e di n g y e ar .

T h e hym n is a farm er s so n g an d p rayer to sp eed t h e p l ou g h

’
.

1 T h e st anza is tak en fro m B ig veda 1 01 4 Devo ted su m n ayai i X . . .

can h ardl y b e th e r ig h t read i n g T h e B ig v eda h as su m n ayd; an

.

in st r u m en t al case u sed ad verb ial l y, d e vo u t l y ; o r, t h ro u gh de vo t io n ,

t h ro u g h fi x in g t h e ir h o p es o f h ap p in ess u p o n t h e Go ds T he ski lf u l .

m en : t h e p l o u g h m en w h o u n de r stan d t h e ir w o r k .

2 F or m ed i s the f u rr o w cf H ym n s A n ci en t an d M oder n , 38 3 : Wc
.
‘

p l o u gh t h e fi e l d s, an d scat t e r T h e go o d seed o n t h e l an d, B u t i t is fed

an d w ate red By Go d s A l m ig h t y H an d
’ ’
.

T he stan za is t ak en , R ig veda
w it h 1 01 3
v ar iat i o ns, fro m X . . .

V i r di m ean in g, p e rh ap s, as Pro f Lu d w ig su gg est s, V ii k t h e Go d dess

.

o f Sp eech T he R igv eda reads gi r dcha, T h ro u gh so ng , o r b y m eans

’ ’
.

of o u r h ym n ;
’
an d Web er h ere al so t ransl at es a co n ect u re] j readin g

rdmcha,
'
i o f ou r
’
g ra
p y ers o r so n gs.

3 F u r n i shed wi th tr aces an d w i th sti l ts som asdtsar u reso l ved in to

cc u m an ( cf u ta, w o v en o r sp u n , an d m u d, fl ax ) , sa tsar a, w i t h traces,

-
.
-

w i th a h a n d l e — W eb er
. .

4 I n dra as t h e Go d w h o sen ds t h e n ece ssary rain is a

p y
r ed t o b l e ss
t h e w o rk b y cu t t i n g t h e f ur ro w , an d P fi sh an as t h e God of I n crease
is p rayed to p ro t ect i t H er t h e f u rro w p erso n i fi ed
. M i l k m ean .

in g p l en t i fu l n o u rish m en t T h e stan za is t ak en fro m Rig ved a I V 57

. . .

7 : i t s seco n d h em ist ich , w hich is a sol em n fo rm ul a, o ccurs al so in

A t harva veda I I I 1 0 l
-
. . .
11 1 11 1 1 r m : A T H A R I d V E DA ’ -
. 1 07

5 H a p ily l e t t h e sh ar es t u rn t h l o u h l an d , t h e

p g
u
p e p
o u g h er s
h ap p ily fo ll o w th e o x e n
p .

Pl ease d w i t h o u r sac rifi ce , S u n a an d Si ra ! m ak e th e

p l an t s b ri n
g t h i s m an ab u n dan t p r o d u c e .

6 H ap p ily w o rk o u r st e e r s an d m e n ! M ay th e p l o u gh
fu rro w h ap p ily .

H ap ily b e t he t races b o u n d H ap p ily p l y t h e

p .

dr 1 v i n g g o ad -
.

7 S u n a an d Si ra, w e l co m e y e t h i s l au d, an d w i th th e
m il k t hat y e h av e m ad e i n h e av e n
B e de w y e b o th t h i s e art h o f o u rs .

8 A i i
u sp c o u s S i ta, co m e tho u n e ar : w e ve n e r at e an d
w o rsh ip th e e
Th at t h o u m ayst bl ess an d p r o sp er u s an d br i n g us
fr u i ts ab u n dan t ly .

5 T ak en fr o m Rgi veda IV 57 8 w i t h v ar i
. at io n s San a and S i m .

t w o dei t ies or j
deifi ed ob ect s w h o b l ess o r are cl osel y con n ect ed w i t h
agr ic ul t u r e . A cco rd in g t o Y flska, Su n a ( t h e ausp icio us ) i s V ay u , a n d
Sl ra ( p l o u gh ) is A di tya o r th e Sun T h e w o rds .
p ro b ab l y m ea n , a s

sugg este d in t h e St P Di ct io n ar ,
y p.l o u gh
. sh are an d p l o u g h P ro f . .

Grassm an n t ransl at es t h em b y O Pfl u g an d Len k er,

’
O Pl o u gh an d
w ou l d be b et t e r
’
Pl o u gh m an , ’
b u t, O Pl o u gh an d Pl o u gh share, a

ren derin g . T hi s m an the o w n er o f t h e l an d . T h e seco n d h em ist i ch

of theBg
i ve da st an za is : W i t h m e at h an d m il k Par an
y a m ak e us j
h ap p y ! Gran t us p rosp erit y, S un a an d Sira ( or O Pl ou gh an d Pl o ugh

6 T ak en fro mRg
i veda I V . 57 4. .

7 Big veda I V 57 5 . . .

8 Bg i v eda I V 5 7 6 Si ta. o r , F u rr o w.
, p erso n i fi ed an d ad d r essed as

a deit y .A n el ab o rat e cerem o n ial , w h i ch t h e recitat ion o f t his h ym n

is t o acco m p an
y, is p re scri b ed in the Kau sik u Sfi t ra : -
see We b er,
I n d isch e St u dien , XV I I p p 256 sqq I n En gl an d, Pl o u gh M on day,
. . .
-

t h e fi rst M on day afte r T w el ft h day, w h en m en ret u rn ed t o t h e p l ou gh

-

at th e en d of t h e C h ri st m as h o l id ays, used to b e cel eb rat ed b y th e

farm l ab o ure rs w h o drew a l u gh f ro m d oo r t o doo r of th e vill age an d
p o
-

so l i cit ed sp en d in ho n our of t he day

’
p l o u g h -
m o ney to .
1 03 r u e 11 1 11 1 13 or [ s o ox 1 1 1 .

9 L o v ed by th e V isv e de vas an d t h e M aru t s l e t Si ta ,

b e b e de w e d w i th o il an d h o n e y .

Tu r n t ho u t o u s w i th w eal t h o f m il k O Si ta i n , ,

v i o ro u s stre n t h an d o u r i n g st r e am s o f fat n e ss
g g p .

H Y M N X V III .

F R OM out th e e ar th I dig th i s Pl an t ,
an h er b o f m o st

e ffe ct u a l p o w er ,

W h ere w i t h o n e q u e lls th e ri val w i fe an d gai n s th e

h u sban d fo r o n e s sel f
’
.

2 A u sp i c i o u s w i t h e x p an de d l eav e s se n t by t h e G o ds
, , ,

v i c t o r i o u s Pl an t ,

D r i v e th o u t h e r i v al w i fe aw ay an d m ak e m y ,

h u sban d o n ly m i n e .

3 I n de ed h e h at h n o t n am e d h e r n am e : t h o u w i th th i s
h u sban d dal l ie st not .

F ar i n to d i stan ce m o st re m o t e we d r i ve t h e i
r va l
w i fe aw a y .

4 S t ro n g e r am I ,
O st ro n ge r o n e, y e a, m ig h t i e r th an
t he m i gh t i e r ;
B e n e at h m e be m y i
r va l w i fe , do w n , l o w er t h an th e
l o w est dam es !

9
.
Wi th oi l an d ho n ey so m e cl arifi ed b u t t er w it h h o n ey or m eat h

w as, it see m s,
p o u r e d in t o t h e fi rst fu rro w t o secu re a g oo d cro p .

T h e h ym n , w h i ch is tak e n , w it h variat io n s, fro m R igveda X . 1 4 5, is

a j
sp ell t o rid a eal o u s w ife o f a m o re fav o u re d ri val .

1 T h i s P l an t t o b e t h e Pa id en t ical w it h Phth zi
‘
: said t h, p ro b ab l y
l
( yp
C ea H ern an d i fo l ia ) , a cl im b in g p l an t p o ssessin g v ario u s m ed i ci n al
ro e rt ies, an d em
p p l
p yo ed fo r m ag ical p u rp o ses : see A t h arva v ed a I I -
.

27 4 . .

2 E xp an ded or erect ed,

’
as W eb er t ransl at es it .

3 H e t h e h u sb an d . T he Rg
i v ed a h as : H er ver
y n am e I u t t er

n o t : sh e tak es l h
’
no p e asur e w i t t his m an .
1 10 m s 11 1 111 1113 or [190 011 1 1 1 .

4 K ee n er t han is th e ax e s edge k e en er th an A g n i s ’
,
’

se l f ar e t h e y ,

K ee n e r t han I n dra s bo l t are t h ey w h o se P ri est an d

’

Pr esi de n t am I .

5 T h e w e ap o ns o f t h e se m e n I w h e t an d sh arp en w i t h ,

v ali an t h e r o e s I i n cr e ase t h e i r k i n g do m .

V i ct o r i o u s b e th e i r p o w e r an d e v e r age l e ss ! M ay al l
t h e G o ds p r o m o te t h e i r t h o u g h ts an d w i sh e s .

6 L e t t h e i r fi e r ce p o w e rs O M agh av an b e h e i g h te n e d
, , ,

an d u p w ar d g o t h e sh o u t o f c o n q u e r i n g h e ro e s .

A p art an d c l e ar l e t sh o u t an d r o ar an d sh r i ek an d
,

l am e n t at i o n r i se !
L e t t h e G o ds l e d by I n dra l e t t h e M aru t s w i th o u r , ,

ar m y g o .

7 A d van ce an d b e v i c to r i o u s m e n ! E xce e d i n g m igh ty ,

b e y o u r arm s !
S m i t e w i t h shar p p o i n t e d ar r o w s t h o se w h o se b o w s
-

are w e ak W i th y o u r st ro n g arm s an d w eap o n s

.

sm i t e t h e fe e bl e fo e .

8 L o o se d fro m t h e b o w st ri ng fly aw ay t h o u A rro w , ,

sh ar e n e d by o u r r ay e r
p p .

A ssail t h e fo e m e n v an q u i sh th e m
,
c o n q u e r e ach ,

b rav e st m an o f t h e i rs an d l e t n o t o n e o f t h e m e scap e
,
.

4 P r i est an d P r esi den t : p u r dh i tah l i t e ral l y, o n e set b efo re ( p rae ses),

ap p o in t ed t o sp ecial f u n ct io n s .

6 0 M ag ha van m igh t y o r b o u n t eo u s I n dra C l ear : lectu m dn tah .

acco rd in g t o W eb er an d L u d w ig Sh ou t an d r oar o f
’
w it h b an n e rs .

t h e v ic t o rs S h r i elc an d l am en ta t i o n : o f t h e v an qu ish ed : o f H o m e r,
. .

4 50 : i v ea o ip w r e n al sb w h fi n fh ev d ud é v
’
I l iad , I V .
y r;
x p
6hh 11 v r w v r e n al 6hh v y f v w v A n d t h en d i d t u m u l t r ise Up t o h e r
’ “
'

’
h e ig h t ; t h en co n q u e ro rs b o asts m ixed w i t h t h e co n q u ered s cr ies
’

’
C h ap m an .T h e Pu ro h ita s g l o rifi cat i o n o f h is h ig h o ffi ce h as b e co m e
a w ar so n g w it h w h i ch h e i n sp iri t s t h e m en w h o are go in g fo rt h to
-

b at t l e u n der h is au sp i cio u s b en ed ict io n .

7 T h e fi rst h e m ist ich is co m p o se d o f p fi d as 1 an d 3 o f R igved a

X 1 03 1 3
. . .

8 Ou r p r ay er o r, sp ell T h e stan za is t ak en , w it h variat io n s, fro m

.

Bgi v e d a V I 7 5 I 6 . . .

T h e h ym n h as b e en t ran sl at ed b y L ud wig , Der R ig veda, I I I p 234, . .

an d b y M u ir , O S T e xts, I p 28 3
. . . . .
11 1 11 11 T H E A T H A R V A V E DA -
. 111

YM N H XX .

T H I S is th i n e o rde r e d p l ace
o f b i rth w h e n ce sp ru n g t o

li fe t h o u sh in est fo rt h .

Kn o w i n g t h i s A g n i m o u n t o n h i gh an d cau se o u r
, ,

r i ch e s t o i n c r e ase .

2 T u r n h i t he r A g n i sp e ak t o u s co m e to u s w i th a
, , ,

fr i e n dly m i n d .

E n r i c h u s S o vran o f th e T r ib es ! T ho u art t h e g i v e r
,

o f o u r w e al t h .

3 L e t A r yam an v o u ch safe u s w eal th an d B h aga an d , ,

B ri h asp at i ,

T h e G o dde sses gr an t w e al t h t o u s S fi nrit fi Go dde ss , , ,

g i v e m e w e al t h

W e call K i n g S o m a t o o u r aid an d A g n i w i th o u r ,

so n g s an d h y m n s ,

T h e A d i ty as V i sh nu S fi rya an d t h e B rah m an p ri e st
, , ,
-

B ri h asp at i .

5 D o t h o u O A g n i w i th t h y fi r e s st r e n g t he n o u r
, ,

ray e r an d sac r i fi c e
p .

I n c i te th o u u s O G o d t o g i ve an d se n d u s r i c h e s t o
, , ,

b e st o w .

T h e h y m n is a ra
p y e r fo r r i ch es an d g e ral
e n
p ro sp e r i t y .

1 T hi s t h e cen t re of the n o rt h ern al tar o r fi re -

re cep t ac l e in t h e
sacrifi ci al co u rt or h al l . T h e fi rst h e m ist i ch is t ak en fro m 131n
I I I 29 1 0, t h e
. . se co n d h em ist ich of w h ich is : Kn o w in g t h is, A gn i,
’
seat t hy self, an d p rosp er t h o u t h e so n gs w e sin g .

2 So vr an f
o the T r i bes a p ate ;
vi s m o r, Lo rd of the p p
eo l e ; Kin g
of th e A ryan set t l ers .
—
Stan zas 2 7 are t ak en , w i t h v ar iat ion s, fro m
Rg
i veda X . 141 . 1 , 2, 3, 6, 4 , 5 .

3 T he Goddesses th e co n so rts o f t h e Go ds, I n dr ani, A gu fiyi, V arn

nhn l , an d o t h er G n as o r ce l est ial Dam es . S un gst d -
Pl easan t n ess,
Glad n ess, o r Gl o ry, p erso n ifi ed as a Go ddess .

4 T he A d i tya V aru na, th e A d it ya p ar excel l ence,

p ri m u s i n t er
p ares . T he B r ah m an p r i est -
Brihasp at i, Lo rd of Prayer, is t h e Pu ro h ita
of t h e Gods an d t h e p ro to t yp e of t h e p riest l y order.
1 12 T H E H YM N S or [ 3 0 011 1 1 1 .

6 B o th I n dra h e re an d Vayu we i n vo k e w th an au s
i
i c i o u s call ,
p
Th at i n asse m bly al l t h e fo l k m ay b e be n e vo le n t to
u s, an d b e i n c li n e d t o g i v e u s g i ft s .

7 Urg e A ry am an t o se n d u s g i fts an d I n dra an d , ,

B ri h asp at i ,

V at a V i sh nu S ar asv ati
,
an d t h e stro n g co u r se r
, ,

S av i tar .

8 N o w h av e w e r each e d t h e o rd e r i n g o f p o w er an d al l ,

t h e se w o rl ds o f li fe ar e h e l d w i t h i n it .

L e t h i m w h o k n o w s u r g e e e n t h e ch u r l t o b o u n ty
’
.

Gi v e w e al t h to u s w i th al l g o o d m e n abo u t u s .

M ay h e ave n s fi v e sp ac i o u s reg i o n s p o u r t h e i r m il k
’
9
fo r m e w i t h al l t h e i r m ig h t .

M ay I o b t ai n e ach w i sh an d h o p e fo r m ed by m y
s i r i t an d m y h e ar t
p .

M ay sp e e ch th at w i n n e t h co w s b e m i n e W i th .

s l e n do u r m o u n t th o u o v e r m e
p .

M ay V ay u h e d g e m e r o u n d ab o u t M ay P flsh an .

m ak e m e p ro s
p er o u s .

6 In assem bl y : o r, w h en t h ey m eet us ; t h at is, in o rd in ary in te r

co u rse .

7 Sar asvat i a fe m al e d i vin it y of t he u p p e r reg ion , g u ard ian o f the

w at e rs, an d b est o w er of fer t il it y ; id en t i fi ed al so w it h V i k t h e God

does o f Sp ee ch .

8 T h e fi rst h em ist ich app ears to b e en t ire l y ou t o f p l ace h ere . T he

v e rse in t h e Y aj u s ri t u al
-
b el o n g s t o t h e s n am ed
o -
v hjap rasav iy fin i,
w h ich fo rm t h e k e r n el of t h e V ii jap eya sac r i fi ce ,
-
th e n am e of w h ich ,

in o p p osit io n t o th e e xp l an at io n g i ve n i n t h e B r i
a hm ana it sel f, ap p eal s

to m e to m ean Pro te ct io n of Po w e r i n asm u ch as it is a cerem o n

y ap

p o i n t e d fo r t h e sam e [ l o rd p a ram o u n t , o r — Web er .

9 F i ve sp aci ous r egi o n s t h e fo u r qu ar te rs of t h e h eaven s w i t h t he

ze n i t h o r t h e n adi r . M i l li: b l essi n gs .

1 0 Co w s : u su al l
y p r t
esen t
o e
pdr ie sts b y p r i n ce s an d w e al t h y i n st i
t u t o rs o f sacr i fi ce . Wi th sp l endou r : o r, w it h p o we r ; addressed t o t h e
S u n , t h e h ym n b e in g recit ed at su n rise .
1 14 r an 11 1 11 113 or [ 3 00 11 1 1 1 .

5 T o t h ee , stre n
g t h g i v e r, -
g l o r io u s r i ch in
p
, l e asan t

st ra n s, i w h o m in t h e i r m i n ds t h e t h i r te e n cre at u res
of t h e w o r l d,
A nd t h e fi ve so n s o f m an re
gard as H o tar -
p r e sti
to al l t h e se Fi re s b e th i s o blat i o n o ffe r e d.

6 To h im w ho fe e ds on ox an d co w , sag e , b eari n g
So m a o n h is back ,
l —
T o a l V ais van ara s fo ll o w e rs to th ese b e t h i s
’
o bl a
t i o n p ai d .

7 A ll fi e ry fl am es th at fo ll o w after li gh t n i n g , flash i n g
t h ro u g h fi r m am
’
o er e art h , e n t an d h eav e n ,
A ll t h at are i n t he w i n d an d sk yey re
g i o ns — to all
t h ese blat i o n o ffe red
Fi res b e t his o .

8 T h e go l de n h an de d Sav i tar an d I n dra B rih asp at i

-
, ,

V aru na M it ra an d A g n i
, , ,

T h e A n g irase s w e call t h e V i sv e De v as : l e t t h e m ,

ap p ease t h i s A g n i Fl e sh de vo u r e r ,
-
.

5 T hi r teen cr eatu r es o f the w or l d h a al l reat u res excl us iv e o f

p e r p s c

me n , th irt een b e in g u se d fo r a l arge i n de fi n ite n um b er . F i ve eons of

m an the ep o n ym i of t h e fi v e great A ryan t rib es an d t heir desce n dan ts;
t h e fi ve races, t rib es, or p p
eo l es fre q u en t l
y m en t io n ed in t h e Rg
i ved a ;
p ro b ab l y t h e co n federat io n of t h e T u r vass e, Yad us, A n u s, Dru h y us,
an d Fil m s. See H ym ns o f th e R igv eda, Gen eral I n dex I I . u n der F ive
races .

Who f eeds u hsh dhn dya d

'

6 on or an d cow vag n n dya t he fi rst

h em isti ch i s t ak en , w it h variat io n s, fro m Big ve da V I I I 4 3 1 1 , w h e re . .

I h av e t ran sl at ed t h ese w o rds b y fe d li k e o x an d co w , a p o ssib l e

‘ ’

ren derin g w h ich I do n o t n o w app ro v e Sacr ifi ce o f o xen an d b arren .

co w s was n o t u n usu al in o l d V ed ic t im es B ear i ng So m a on h is back .

l ib atio ns o f So m
’
sp ri n kl ed w it h a j u i ce . Vaiq n ara s f o ll ow er s v arie

t i es of fi re, o f w h ich V aigvi n ara is ch ief .

8 A cco rdin g t o t h e Kau sik a S fit ra, w it h t h e -

recit at io n o f t h is stan za
t h e fu n eral fi re is dam p ed w it h h o l y w ater an d ext in g u ished . T he
p reced i n g st an zas are m ere l y in tro d ucto ry to t h e p racti cal par t .
m u m m s A T H A R V A V E DA -
. 1 15

9 Fl e sh -
i
e at n
g A g n i is ap p e ase d , ap p e ase d is h e w h o
h u rt e t h m e n .

N o w hi m w h o b u rn e t h e ve r y th ing, th e Fl e sh -
co n
su m e r , h ave I st i l l e d .

T he m o u n ta n s w h e r e i t h e S o m a gro w s, t h e w ate rs
lyi n g cal m an d st ill ,

V fi ta P arj an ya
, , A gn i s ‘
se lf h av e m ad e th e Fl esh
co n su m e r r e st .

H Y M N XXII .

F A M ED b e t h e E l e p h an t h
’
s st re n
g t , t h e l o fty gl o ry ,

h i c h o u t o f A d i t i s b o dy t o o k e x i ste n c e
’
w
Th ey al l h av e gi ve n m e t h i s fo r m y p o ssessi o n , ev en
al l t h e G o ds an d A d i t i acc o rdan t .

2 O n t h i s h av e M i tra, V ar u na, I n dra ,

an d R u d ra fi xe d
t h e i r t h o u gh t .

M ay t h o se al l fo ste ri n g de i t i e s -
an o n t an di bal m m e
w i th h is st r e n g t h .

3 T h e st re n g t h w h e r e w i t h t h e E l e p h an t w as do w e red ,
t hat d e c k s a Ki n g am o n g t h e m e n , i n w at e r s,
W h er e w i t h t h e Go ds at fi rst i
at t a n e d t o g o d h e ad ,

O A g n i e v e n w it h , t h at st re n g th m ak e thou m e
v i g o r o u s t o day -
.

1 0 A gn i s self : t h e fi re havi n g do n e its w o r k an d al m o st b u rn t i t sel f

’

y j
o u t , V i t a an d Par an a, o r w in d an d rain , h av in g aided it s ex ti n ct i o n .

j
T he su b ect o f t h e h ym n is t h e t am in g an d t rain in g o f an el ep h an t
fo r t h e Kin g to ride .

I A di ti s bod y : A dit i, w ho ap p ears in t h e R igveda as m o t h er o f t h e

’

A dityas, is in l ater t im es cal l ed M o t h er of th e Go ds an d M o t h e r o f t h e

Wo rl d A l l th e God s Wit h o u t t h e h el p o f all t h e God s an d t h e co n
.

se n t o f A d it i it w o u l d b e im r fu l an ani m al
’

p o ssi b l e t o t am e so p o w e .

Web er T he Kin g is t h e speak er

. .

2 H i s str en g th t h e m igh t of t h e el ep h an t, tam ed w i t h the h el p of

t h e Go ds .

3 I n w ater s : w h en h e is sp ri n k l ed w it h t h e w at er o f co n secrat io n .

A t tai n ed to godhead A g n i al on e w as o rigin al l y im m o rtal , an d t h e

o t h er Go ds o b tain e d im m o r t al i t t h ro u h h im o r t h ro u gh So m a S ee
y g .

Rg i v e da V 3 4 . V I 7 4 ; I X 1 06 8
. . . . . .
116 T H E m u ms or [ BOOK m

4 T he l o fty st re n
g t h w h i ch sacr ifi ce br i n gs Jatavedas l ,

u n to th ee,
W hat st r e n gth t h e Su n p o ssesse s al l st re n gt h o f t h e
-

y l
ro al E e p h an t — su ch st r e n t h v o u ch safe t o m e
g
t h e p ai r o f A s v i n s l o t u s garl an ded ! -

F ar as th e h e ave n s fo u r r eg i o n s sp re ad far as th e
’
5 . ,

e y e s m o st d i stan t k e n
’
,

S o w i de so v ast l e t p o w e r b e m i n e t h i s v i g o u r o f
, ,

t h e E l e p h an t .

6 N o w b at h t h e E l ep h an t b eco m e ch i e f o f all p l e asan t

b easts to r i de .

W i th h is h igh fo rtu n e an d h is stre n gth I grace an d

co n se crat e m y se l f .

H YMN XXIII .

F R OM th ee w e b an i sh an d e x e
p l the cau se of t hy
st e r ili ty .

Th is in an o th er p l ace we l ay ap ar t fro m th ee an d
far re m o ve d .

2 A s arro w to th e q u i ver , so l et a m a e em l b ry o e n te r

th ee .

T h e n fro m th y side b e b or n a bab e , a t en -

m o n th
ch il d t hy h e r o so n
, .

’
5 F ar as the heavem f ou r r eg i on s s r ead :
p l e t t h e possessio n o f so
m ig h t y an el ep han t m ak e m e su p rem e ru l er o v er all aro un d m e as far

as t h e d ist an t h o rizo n .

T h e h ym n has b ee n transl at ed b y Lu d w ig , Der R igv eda, I I I p 461 . . .

T h e h ym n is a ch arm t o rem o ve ste ril i ty, and to assu re t h e b irt h of

m al e ch il dren .

2 A s arr ow to t he qu i ver : acco rd in g to t h e Kau sik a Sflt ra an arro w -

i s to b e used in th e cerem on y w h ich th e hy m n is t o acco m p an y .

A ten m on th ch i l d b o rn in t h e t en th l u n ar m on th cf. Rg
i d V
-
; v e a .

7 8 8, 9
. . So al so : Mat ri l o n gs decem t u l eru n t f ast idia m enses .
’

V irgil, Ecl o gu e I V . 61 .
1 13 T H E H n u vs or K
[ B OO 1 1 1 .

3 A l l th e fi v e re
g i o n s of t h e h eav e n s, al l t h e fi ve races
o f m an k n d , i
A s af t e r r a n i th e st re am b r i ng s d ri ft , l e t t h e m b ri n g
i n c re ase h i t h e r w ard .

4 O p e n t h e w e l l w i t h h u n dr ed st r eam s e xh au st l ess , ,

w i t h a t h o u san d st r e am s ,

S o cau se t h i s co m o f o u rs t o b e e x h au st l e ss w i t h a ,

t h o u san d st r e am s .

5 O H u n dr e d h an de d , gat h e r u p
-
O Th o u san d h an d .
-

e d, o u r t h o u fo r t h
p .

B r i ng h i t h e r i n c r e ase o f th e co r n p r e p ar e d an d y e t
,

t o b e p re p ar e d .

6 T hree sh e av e s ar e
t h e G an dh ar vas cl ai m , t h e lady o f
’

t h e h o u se h at h fo u r .

W e t o u c h t h e e w i t h t h e sh eaf t h at is th e m o st
ab u n dan t o f th e m al l .

R o b in Goo dfel l o w s, t h at w ou l d in t h ose su p ersti t io us t im es gr in d corn

fo r a m ess o f m i lk , cu t w oo d , o r do an y m an n e r o f d ru dge ry w o rk
( B u r t o n
’
s A n at o m y o f M e l an c h o l y , Pa r t I S e e A t.h ar v a v
. ed a I I 8 -
. .

5 . T h e Go d : t h e su pe rh u m an b e in g, t h e go b l in So Du C an ge exp l ain s.

t h e Lo w Lat in g o bel i n u s b y a daem o n qu i v u l go Fau n u s w h o w as re

‘ ’

.
g a r de d a s th e p ro t ec t i n g d e i t y o f agr i cu l t u r e W h o d w e l l eth . w h o is
at p r esen t in t h e h o u se o f a go dl ess i ll ib e ral ch u r l w h o m h e w il l b e

g l ad t o l eave .

3 F i ve r egi ons t h e fo ur qu ar ters o f t h e h eaven s w it h t h e zen ith o r

t h e n ad ir . F i ve r aces of m an ki n d t h e fi v e, t hat is, al l , t h e g reat
A ryan t rib es See im m er, A l t in d isch es Leb en , p p 1 20, 1 21 A o
. Z . .

co rd in g t o Pro f R o t h an d P ro f
. We b er, t h e ex p ression co m preh en ds
.

al l h u m an race s, t h e A ryan s in t h e cen t re an d aro un d t h em al l t h e

n at io n s u n der t h e fo u r qu ar ters o f h eave n .

4 T h e w el l fi gu rat ivel y o r sy m b o li call y ; t h e sou rce o f p l ent

y .

5 H u n d r ed-han ded T hou san d-h an ded t w o dr udg in g

b li n s are addressed
go .

6 T h re e sh eav es o f co rn are t o b e l eft o n t h e gro u n d t o rem u n erate

t h e go bl in s w h o are h ere eu ph em ist ical l y call ed Gan d h ar vas, a h igh er
an d m o re sp i ri t u al cl ass o f ce l est ial b e in gs fo u r are th e sp ecial pe r
i i t f t h m ist a d t h b st sh eaf o f al l is o ffer ed as a sam fl e
q u s e o e r ess n e e

I ado pt Web er s t ran sl at ion o f m atr a;

’
t o t h e o w n e r o f t h e fi el d .

sh eav es, t h e w o rd l it e rall y sign ify in g m easu res Of cou rse t he grain .

wo ul d n o t b e m easu red at t he b egin n ing o f harvest .

11m m we A T H A R V ALVEDA
'

. 11 9

7 A ddi n g an d Gath er i ng are t hy t w o atten dan ts ,

Praj apat i
O .

M ay t h e y b ri n g h ith e r i ncrease , w eal th ab u n dan t ,

i n e xh au st ibl e .

L n th e I m p el l e r g o ad th e e on . R est n ot in peace
u
p t hon
y b e d .

T e rr ibl e i s t h e shaft of Lo ve : t h e r e w i th I p i e r ce
t h e e t o t h e h e art .

2 T h at ar ro w w i n ge d w i th l o ngi n g t h o u gh t, its s emt

D e si re , it s n ec k R e so l v e ,
L e t K am a, h av in g t ru ly ai m ed, sho o t fo rt h an d
i e rc e t h e e i n t he he ar t
p .

3 T he Kam a p o i n te d w e ll that w i th e rs an d
sh aft o f , ,

c o n su m e s t h e s l e e n
p ,

W i t h hasty fe at h ers all agl o w th ere w it h I p i e rce , ,

t h ee t o t h e h eart .

7 A dd i ng an d Gather i n g Upo h a
i an d Sam fih é, n am es g iven t o

t h e t w o in d ustrio u s go b l ins . A tten d an tg :

or t reasu re rs ; k ee pers and
d ist rib u to rs of t hy r ich es in t h e sh ap e o f co rn . 0 P r aj ap at i t hb

Prot ecto r of Life b e in g cl osel y co n n ect ed w it h t h e h arv est w h ich su p

p o rts it .

T h e h ym n h as b een t ransl ated b y Lu dw ig, Der R ig veda, p 268 . .

T h e h ym n is a ch arm to w in a m aiden s l o v e ’
.

1 I m p el l er : o r, Dist u rb er ; Kam a, t h e Go d of Lo ve, wh o is al so

cal l ed , am on g o t h er n am es, Madan a, t h e M adden er, and M an m at h a,
A git at or of the M in d . W eb e r an d Z i m m er t ran sl at e u t tu d d s by
‘
Unru h e, ’ ‘
u n rest,
’ ‘
ag itat io n .
’

2 T he sp l een regarded, w it h t h e l iv er, as t h e p art o f t h e b ody from

w h ich t h e b l oo d flo w s, an d t he seat o f t h e p assio n s an d affect ion s .

T h e hy m n h as b een tran sl ate d b y M u ir, Origin al San sk rit T ex ts,

V 4 07 ; b y Lu d w ig, De r R igv eda, II I p 51 6 ; b y Zi m m er, A l t in dis
. . .

ch es Le b e n , p 307 ; an d, wit h an n o tat io n s, b Gril l , H u n de rt Li eder,

.
y
pp 53, l.l 5 .
1 20 T H E H YM N S or [ BOO K H I .

4 P i er ced th ro ugh w i t h fi er ce l y b u rn i ng h eat , ste al to -

m e w i th th arch i n li
y p g p ,
s

Ge nt l e an d h u m bl e , all m i ne o w n , de vo ted, w i th
sw e e t w o rds o f l o v e .

5 A w ay fro m m o th e r an d fro m s rei I dri ve t h ee h i ther

w ith a w h ip ,
T h at t h o u m ay st b e at m y co m m an d an d yi e l d to
e v er y w i sh of m in e .

6 M i t ra an d V ar una, e xp e l al l t h o u gh t an d p u r
p o se
fro m h e r h eart .

De pr i ve h er o f h er o w n fr e e w ill
-
an d m ak e h er
su bj ect u n t o m e .

Y M N XXV IH .

Y E Go ds w h o d w e ll w i t h i n t h i s east w ard r eg i o n ,

e n t i t l e d W e ap o n s A g n i fo rm s y o u r ar r o w s
, .

B e k i n d an d grac i o u s u n t o u s an d bl ess u s T o yo u .

b e r e v e re n ce t o y o u b e w e l co m e !
,

2 Y e Go ds w h o d w e ll w i t h i n t h i s so u t h w ar d r eg i o n ,

e n t i t l e d E ag e r Khm a fo r m s y o u r arr o w s
,
.

B e k i nd e tc ,
.

3 Y e G o ds w h o d w e l t w i t h i n t h i s w est w ard r eg i o n ,

w h o se n am e is R ad i an t W at e r fo r m s y o u r ar ro w s
, .

B e k i n d e tc , .

4 Y e G o ds w h o dw e ll w i th i n t h i s n o rt h w ar d r eg i o n ,

w h o se n am e is Pi e r ce rs V a ta fo r m s y o u r ar ro w s
, .

B e k i n d e tc , .

5 Y e G o ds w h o se h o m e is i n th i s fi r m set r egio n -

—
N i l i m p as is y o u r n am e Pl an ts are y ou r arro w s .

B e k i n d e tc ,
.

T h e h ym n, w h ich is cl o sel y co n n e ct ed w it h X
h ym n X V I I, is a
ch arm to w in t h e favo u r of th e Serp e n t s o f al l t h e reg io n s u n d er

h eav en .

Go ds t h e Se rp en t s are addressed as p o w erf u l su p erh u m an b e in gs

'
I .

Weap o n s o r, H et i Ag n i f on ns you r arr o ws o r, you r arro w s are fi re

. .

5 T h i s fi r m set r egi on : t h e p o i n t d ir ect l y u n der t h e fee t , o ppo site

-

to t h e zen it h Ni l i m p as : p erh aps, sm earers, l ic kers ( o f t h e m se l ves)

. .
1 22 r e m e xam s or [ s oox m .

4 S o m a is r u er l oft h e W e st ern reg i o n , S vaj a th e

w ar de r , li g h t n i ng s fl ash th e arro w s
’
.

W o rsh i p e tc , .

5 V i sh nu is ru l er o f t h e fi rm se t reg i o n Kal m a sh ag ri va -
,

w ard e r Pl an ts t h e arro w s
, .

W o rsh i p e tc , .

6 E ri h as at i co n tro l s t h e t o p m o st r eg i o n S vitra is
w ard ler an d t he R ai n th e arro w s
,

, .

W o rsh ip t o t h e se t h e r eg en t s t h e se t h e w arders , ,

an d t o t h e ar ro w s y e a to t h e se h e w o rsh i p 1
, ,

W i t h i n y o u r j aw s w e l ay t he m an w h o hate th u s an d
w ho m we h at e .

YM N XX V III H .

T at s co w w as b o r n t o br i ng fo rth o fi spr i ng si ngly

'

t h o u gh t h ey cr e at e d k i n e o f e v ery co l o u r .

W h e n sh e p ro d u ces tw i n s i n sp i t e o f O rder su l l en , ,

w i th g ro an an d g r u dg e sh e h arm s t h e cat tl e .

4 Svaj a : a var ie t y o f V ip e r . Sec V . 1 4 1 0,

. an d V I 56 2 . . .

5 F irm -
set r egi on the n ad ir . Sec I I I . 26 . 5
. Kal m dsh agr i va
Sp o t ty n eck
-
.

6 T op m cst reg io n th e zenith . Svi tr a Whi te Serpen t ; an nu

iden t ifi ed species .

Pro fesso r Web er rem ark s t h at n o rit ual p ro ced ure is p rescri b ed in
t h e Kau sik a-Sfi tra fo r t h is an d t h e p reced in g h ym n ; an d su ggests
t hat t h ey m ay h ave fo u n d t h eir w ay in to th e te xt aft er t he com posi
t io n o f t hat w o rk .

T h e hym n is a ch arm to chan ge t h e ill o m en ed

-
b irth of t w in cal ves
in to a b l essin g .

1 T hey t h e t e xt h as bhd tah ri tah ( R ichie regard ed as creat ors o f

b ein gs) , w h ich is m et ri cal l y su p erfl uous an d al m o st ce rt ain l y a gl ass .

C o w s w e re c reated o f m an y co l o u rs, b u t w ere in ten ded t o p rod u ce

o n l y o n e cal f at a b irth W hen tw i n s are b orn , a charm is n ecessary
.

to av ert t h e il l om en ; an d t h e Kau sik a S dt ra p rescri b es an ap p ro p riat e

- .

cerem o n y, en d in g w it h t h e b est o w al o f t h e p eccan t co w o n t h e p riest .

A so m e w h at sim il ar cerem o n y is p rescrib ed in t h e sam e R it ual w h en

a w o m an p rese n ts h er h usb an d w it h t w in s I n t h is case al so, it seem s, .

th e m ot h er b e co m es t h e p ro p er ty o f t h e p riest T h e sam e su p erat i .

t ion is fo u n d at t h e p resen t t im e in u n civ il ized parts o f A fri ca .

H YM N r e s A T H A R V A V E DA -
. 1 23

2 Sh e b r i n gs de str u ct i o n on th e b easts ,
t u r n e d to a

fl esh de v o u r i n g w o r m
-
.

Y e a, gi v e h er t o t h e B rah m an t h at sh e m ay b ri n g
l u ck an d h ap p i n e ss .

3 B e t ho u au sp c o u si i to ou r fo l k , b ri n g l u ck t o h o r ses
an d to k i n e .

A i i
u sp c o u s u n t o al l t h i s far m ,
br i ng l u c k an d h ap
p i n e ss t o us .

4 L e t t h e re b e ra n i an d i n crease h ere , h er e b e t h o u
m o st m u n i fi ce n t .

M o th er of t w i n s, p r o sp e r ou r h e rd .

5 W h e re h av i n g l e ft al l si ck n ess o f t h e i r b o di e s t he
, ,

i o u s l e ad as fr i e n d s t h e i r li ve s o f l ad
p , g n
, e ss

N ig h t o t h at w o r l d ap p ro ac h e d t h e t w i n cal v e s
’

m o t her L e t h e r n o t h ar m o u r p e o p l e an d o u r
.

cat t l e .

6 W h e r e li e s th e w o rl d o f th o se dear fr i e n ds t he p i o u s , ,

t h o se w h o h av e b ro u gh t d u e sac r ifi ce t o A g n i
N ig h t o t h at w o r l d ap p ro ach e d t h e t w i n cal v e s
’

m o th e r L et h e r n o t h arm o u r p e o p l e an d o u r
.

cat t l e .

A t Lu t zi, in M ash o nal an d, if a w om an gi ves b i rt h t o t w ins, t h ey are

im m ed iate l y dest roy ed T h is t h ey co nsider an u n n at u ral freak o n t h e
.

p art o f a w o m an , an d it is su p p o sed to in d icate fam i n e o r so m e o t h er

cal am it y ( T h e R u i n ed C i t ie s o f M ash o n al an d, b
y T Be n t , p . .

3 F ar m kshetr dg a l ite ral l y, fi el d

'
.

5 N igh to that w or l d t h e h o m e o f t h e De part ed Web er sees .

h ere a p l ay o n t h e w ords g am i n t, t h e t w in cal v es m o th e r, an d Yam s

’

( un de rst oo d
) t h e Kin g o f t h e Dead T h e m e an i n g is t h at
. t h e co w

n earl y died in giv in g b irt h to h er o ffsp rin g . Now, as sh e h as b een

b est o w ed u po n the p ri est she w il l b e a b l essi ng to us in stead o f a cause
o f cal am i ty .
1 24 r u e s u ave or ( p o or 1 1 1 .

H YM N XXIX .

W H EN y o n der k i n gs w ho si t b esi de Yam a d i v i de

am o n g th e m se ve s l t he si x te e n t h par t o f h o pe s
fu lfill ed,
A . ram b est o w ed as sacr ifi ce , w h i te fo o te d,
-
fre es us
fr o m th e tax .

2 H e sat sfi e s e ach
i hcpe an d w an t , p re va ili ng , p re se n t
an d are d
p re
p .

T h e w i sh fu l fi l l in g -
ram , b esto w ed , w h i te -
fo o te d, is
l ill
e x h au st ess st .

3 H e w h o besto w s a w h it e h o o ved ram ade q u ate t o -

,

t h e p l ace h e h o l ds ,

A sce n ds to t h e ce l est i al h e ig h t t h e h e av e n w h e r e ,

t r ib u te i s n o t p ai d to o n e m o r e m ig ht y by t h e
w eak .

H e w h o b esto w s a w h i t e h o o v ed -
ram , adeq u ate to
t h e p l ac e h e h o l ds,
O ffe red w i t h fi ve cak es, li ves o n th at , u n w ast i ng , i n
’
t h e F at h e rs w o r l d .

5 H e w h o b est o w s a w h i te h o o v ed ram , ade q u at e to -

t h e p l ace h e h o l ds,
O fi ere d w i th fi v e cak es, li v es o n t h at, w aste l ess,
'

w h i le Su n an d M o o n en du re .

T he j
su b ect o f th e h ym n is im m u n ity from t axati o n in t h e n ext

w orld to b e p ur chased b y t h e p erfo rm an ce o f a certai n sacri fi ce on

eart h .

1 N e w c om -
ers in t o t he have t o p ay o n e sixteen t h o f th eir
next w o rl d -

hop es fi dfi l l ed , that is, t h e rew ard o f t h e ir good w o rk s o n ear th, t o t h e

assessors of Yam a t h e King o f t h e Dep arte d ; b u t , i f t h ey ch oose, t hey
can co m p o u n d
for th is t ax b efo re t h ey go th ith er .

2 P r evai l i ng t h e ram , l ik e t h e b u l l , is an em b l em of st ren g th .

q
I n dra h im self is fre ue n t l y cal l ed t h e R am i n t h e R g veda A dequ ate
i .

to the p l ace he ho l ds equ i val en t to th e p l ace in h eav en w h ich is as

si gn ed to t h e g iver .
’
-
Web er .
1 26 T H E s n are or [ 3 0 0 3 m .

2 O ne- m i nded w i th h is m o th e r l e t th e so n b e l o y al to
h is si re .

L e t t h e w i fe cal m an d ge n t l e sp eak w o rds sw ee t as

, ,

h o ney t o h e r l o r d .

3 N o b ro t h e r h ate h is b ro th e r n o si st e r to sist e r he ,

u nk i nd .

U n an i m o u s w i t h o n e i n te nt sp eak y e y o u r sp eech
, ,

i n fr i e n dli n ess .

4 Th at sp ell t h ro u gh w h i ch Go ds sev er n o t n o r e ver ,

b e ar e ac h o t h e r h at e ,

T h at sp e l l w e l ay u p o n y o u r h o m e a bo n d o f u n i o n ,

fo r t h e m en .

5 I n te lli g e n t su b m i ssi v e r e st u n i te d fr i en dly an d k i nd

, , , ,

b e ari n g t h e y o k e t o ge t h e r .

C o m e sp e ak i ng sw e e t ly each o n e to th e o t h er I
, .

m ak e o u o n e i n t e n t i o n e d an d o n e m i n ded
y
- -
.

6 L et w h at y o u dri n k y o u r sh are o f fo o d b e co m m o n
,

t o g e t h e r w i t h o n e c o m m o n b o n d I bi n d y o u
, .

S e rv e A g n i g at h e re d ro u n d h i m lik e t h e sp o k e s
,

ab o u t t h e c h ar i o t n av e .

7 W i t h bi n di n g ch ar m I m ak e yo u al l u n i ted o b eyi n g ,

o n e so l e l e ade r an d o n e m i n de d -
.

E v e n as t h e Go ds w h o w at ch an d gu ar d t h e A m r i t ,

at m o rn an d e v e m ay y e b e k i n d ly he ar t e d -
.

6 Ban d o r, st rap ; t h e t h o n g w it h w h ich t h e yok e is faste n ed .

7 T he A rm i t -
t h e p rec io us n ect ar 5 o r, im m o rtal ity Das Gl it .

t l i ch e.
’
— Web er .

T h e h ym n h as b een t ran sl at ed b y L u d wi g, Der R ig veda, I II p 51 6 . .

an d, w it h an no t at io n s b y Gril l , H u n dert L ied er, p p 30, 1 1 6 M u ir . .

h as t ran s te d st a as
l a n z 1 — 4 in O S T exts, V 4 39, an d im m er in . . . Z
A l t in disch es Leb en , p 31 6 . .
m u m m s A T H A R VA - VE DA m
’
.

YM N XXXI H .

M A Y G o ds r e l ease fro m faili n g st re n gth t ho u A g n i , ,

fr o m m alig n i ty !
I fr ee fr o m e v e ry e vil fr o m de cli n e : I co m p ass ,

r o u n d w i t h li fe .

2 Ma P avam an a free fro m h arm , an d S ak ra fro m u n

y
ri g h t e o u s de ed .

I fr e e fr o m e v e ry e v il , fro m de cli n e : I co m p ass

r o u n d w i t h li fe .

3 Tam e beasts h ave p ar te d fr o m w il d beasts w at er ,

an d t h i r st h av e go n e ap art .

I fr ee e tc , .

Part e d are h eav en an d eart h an d p ath s tur n ed to ,

each q u art e r o f t h e sk y .

I fre e e t c , .

T vash tar p r e p ar es th e b r i dal o f h is dau gh t e r ; t h e n

all t h i s w o r l d o f li fe de p ar t s an d l e av es h i m .

I fre e e t c ,
.

T h e h ym n i s a ch arm fo r t h e reco very o f a p e rso n wh o is dan ger

o u sl y il l .

1 Decl i ne y dlesh m a em ac iat in g disease, p h t h i sis, or p u l m o n ar

y
co nsu m p t i o n .

2 P avam d n a t h e d e ifi ed So m a, as it fl o w s th ro u gh t h e p ur ify in g fi l t er .

See i
Bg v eda or Sfim aveda I n dex .
S ab r a t h e M igh t y On e ; I n dra .

3 I n t h is an d t h e t w o foll o w in g st anzas th e speak e r g i ves in st an ces

of th o ro ug h sep arat io n il l ust rat iv e of t h e t h oro u g h r em o val o f t he si ck

disease w h ich t h e ch ar m is t o effect T am e an im al s have b e e n

’
m an s .

recl aim ed an d t h o ro u ghl y sep arat ed fro m t h ei r w il d con gen ers h eav en
an d eart h , o rig in al l y in cl o se j u xt ap o sit io n, hav e b een sep arat ed an d

fo r p
e ve r ro p p ed (R gi d
apart
v e a V I 8 3 ; V I I I 8 3 l l ); T vas h
. tar . . .

an d t h e w o rl d o f l ife t o w h ich h e gav e fo rm h ave b e en p art ed an d so

shal l i t b e w it h t h e su fferer an d h is di sease .

5 T he Rg i v ed a, 1 7 X
1 ,
.h as t h e
. fi rst h em i st i ch o f t h is stan za w i th
an im p o rtan t v ar iat io n , sd m eti ,
’
co m es t o ge t h er , inste ad o f m ? yd ti ,
h i T h h
’
goes a p a r t ,
’ ‘
d ep a r t s a n d l e av es m vas ta r , w o
. is o f t e n reg ard ed
as t h e chief agen t in nat u r al p h e no m en a. an d t h e creato r of t h e fi rst
1 28 T H E A T H A R VA VE DA -
.
[ B OOK I II .

6 A i co m b i n e s t h e v i t al ai rs T h e M o o n is l
c o se ly
g n .

o i n ed w i t h b r eat h
j .

I fre e , e tc .

7 T he Go ds have li fted u p w i th breath t h e S u n w h o se

m i g h t is e ve ry w h e re .

I fr e e , e tc.

8 D ie no t . L i ve w i t h t he b reath of th o se w h o m ak e

y l o n g li fe
an d w h o e n o j .

I fr e e , e t c.

9 Die not . Stay h e re . B r eath e w i th t he b reath of

t h o se w h o draw t h e v i tal air .

I free , et c .

R i se u
p li f e co nj o i n ed
w th i ,
w i th li fe . Up, w i t h th e
sap o f g r o w i n g p l an t s !

I fre e e tc ,
.

W e as i m m o rt al b e i ngs h av e ar i se n w i th Parj an ya s
’

r ai n .

I free fro m e v ery e v il fro m dec li n e : I co m p ass ,

ro u n d w i th li fe .

f o rm s of l ife, ap pears h ere t o b e iden t ifi ed w it h Praj fip at i, t h e Lo rd of

C r eat io n , h ave p repared to m ar ry h is o wn daug h t er, w h ich p ro

an d t o

ceedi ng sh o ck ed an d al ie nat ed t h e w h o l e w o rl d Praj i pafi , th e Lo rd .

o f C reat io n , says Ku m firil a, is a n am e o f t h e su n , an d h e is cal l ed

’ ‘

so b ecau se h e p ro t ects al l creat u res H is dau gh t er Ushas is t h e daw n .

A n d w h en it is said t h at h e w as in l o ve w it h h er, t his o n l y m eans t hat

at su n rise, t h e su n ru ns aft er t h e daw n , t h e daw n b ein g at th e sam e

t im e cal l ed t h e dau g h t e r of t h e su n , b ecause sh e ri ses w h en h e ap

p roach es .
’
See M . M ul l er s H isto ry
’
of A n cien t San sk rit Lit eratu r e,

pp 5
. 2 9 , 530 T h e l eg e n d o f.P ra a
j p at i an d h i s dau g h t e r is rel at ed i n

Rgi v ed a 61 5 — X8 S
. e e M u ir, Origi n al Sansk rit T e xts , I V
. .
pp . .

4 6, 4 7 . Pr o f . Web er g i v es, as us ua l , a m p l e in fo rm at io n , re gard in g t h e

p assage in t h e t ext, in I n d isc h e St u d i en —

V I I p p 31 0 31 3 X . . .

6 —
A s stan zas 1 5 h ave sep arat io n fr o m evi l an d co n su m t i f r
p o n o

t h e ir su b ect , j so st an zas 6— 1 0 are con cer ned w it h co n u n cti o n w it h j

v i tal p o w er esp ecial l y w it h t h e b reat h of l ife — .
’
We b e r
.
1 30 r u e g ra
m s or [ B OOK I V

3 H e w h o was b o rn as h is all -
k n o w i n g k i n sm an de
c l are th al l th e de i t ie s ge n erat i o n s
’
.

H e fro m th e m i dst o f p raye r h is p raye r h at h tak e n .

O n hig h , b e l o w , sp r e ad fo r t h h is g o dli k e n at u re .

F o r h e , t ru e t o t h e l aw o f E art h an d H e av e n , e sta
b l ish e d bo th th e m ig h t y w o r l ds se cu re ly .

M i gh ty w h e n b o r n , h e p ro pp ed ap ar t t h e m i g h t y ,
sk y , o u r ea rt h ly h o m e , an d i id i
’
t he ars m -
re
g on .

5 H e fro m t h e de p th h at h b ee n re bo r n fo r e ve r, B ri
h asp ati t h e w o rl d s so l e L o rd an d R u l e r
’
.

F r o m ligh t w as b o rn t h e Day w i t h al l i ts l u stre

li ve e n do w ed w i t h sp l e n do ur
t h r o u gh t h i s l e t sag e s .

6 T h e sag e an d p o e t v e r ily ad van ce th t h e st atu te o f

t h at m i gh ty G o d p ri m e v al .

H e w as b o r n h e re w i t h m an y m o re b esi de h i m t h ey
sl u m b e r e d w h e n th e fo re m o st si de w as o p e n e d .

3 H i s al l kn ow i ng l i n em an
-
Ja tavedas, t h e o m n iscien t A g n i, sp ru n g
l ik e o t h er Gods fro m H eaven an d Eart h F r o m the m id st of p r ayer
.

A g n i, iden t ifi ed h ere w it h Brihasp at i, has l earn t p raye r o r d e vo t ion

fro m th e o riginal p rayer m en t io n ed in stan za I .

4 H e p r op p ed ap ar t the m igh ty h eaven an d ear th w ere o r igin al l y

in cl ose j u xtap osit i o n . A g n i is h e re ( as in Rgi ved a I 6 7 3 ) s
.aid to .

have sep arat ed t h e m an d fi xed t h e m in t h e ir p rese n t p o sit io n T his .

act io n is al so ascr ib ed t o I n d ra ( Bg
i v eda X . 89 4
. 1 1 3 5)
. to V aru na

( V I I. to So m a ( 1X 101 . . an d t o o t h e r deit ies in o t her p as

sag es o f t he
R ig ve d a T hi s . o l d su r v i v i n g n at u re m yt h o f t h e o rigi n al -

u n io n an d su b sequ en t fo rci b l e se parat io n o f H eav en an d Ear t h is fo u n d

in Greece, C h in a, an d N ew Zeal a n d, as w el l as in I n dia . See C ustom

’
an d M y th T h e M yt h o f C ro n us .

5 F r o m the dep th : o f t he ocean o f ai r, fro m t h e w o m b of th e cl o u d

in t h e sh ap e o f l igh t n in g . B ri hasp ati iden t ifi ed w it h A gn i .

6 T hey sl u m ber ed al l t he rest fel l asl ee p , sh o w ed n o en er

gy s
, a

so o n as t h ey w e re b o rn : t h e sag e ( m ean i n g p e rhap s t h e Su n ) al o n e

re m ai n ed awak e an d f ul l o f ac t iv e p o w e r.
H YM N w e A T H A R V A V E DA -
. 1 31

7 T he m an w h o se e k s th e fr i e n d of Go ds , A th arv an t h e
fat h e r , an d B ri h asp ati , i
w t h w o r sh ip ,

C ryi ng to h im
B ll i h i ’

, e t h o u a t h n
g s c r e at or l t e W se

G o d, se l f dep e n de n t , n e v e r i nj u re s
-
.

YM N I I H .

G i ven o f b reat h g i v er o f stre n gth an d v i go u r

.
, ,

h e w h o se co m m an d m e n t al l t h e Go ds ac k no w l e dge ,

H e w h o is Lo r d o f t hi s o f m an an d cat t l e — W h at ,

G o d sh all w e ado re w i th o u r o bl at i o n ?
2 W h o by h is g ran deu r h at h b e co m e so l e r u l e r o f al l
t h e m o v i n g w o r l d t h at br e at h es an d sl u m be r s ,

W h o se shade is de ath w h o se l u stre m ak e s i m m o rtal

,

W h at Go d sh all w e ado re w i t h o u r o blat i o n ?

7 A thar ec a t h e an c ien t p riest w h o is said t o hav e b ee n t h e fi rst

who o b tain ed fi re, n o w asso ciat ed w it h t h e Go d s in h eav e n T he w i se .

God A gn i . S k il l e d in all l o re is A gn i, h e wh o m erst A t har van b ro ugh t

to l ife (R g
i veda X . 21 .

T he hym n h as b een t ran sl ated b y Lu dw ig , Der R igv eda, I II p 393 . . .

T h e h ym n , w h ich is tak en , w ith v ar iat io ns, fro m Rg

i v eda X 1 21 .

an ad d ress t o T h e Unk n o w n Go d .

What
'
1 Of th i s w o r l d, o r creat io n . God : hd sm ai devdy a cu i d eo
Ks, k ah ( q u is) W ho ? t hat is, t h e Un k n o wn Go d , has b ee n
, ap p l ied by
I n dian C o m m e n tat o rs as a n am e t o Praj hp at i an d to o t he r
Go d s b y a
fo rced in t er p r etat io n of t h e in t erro gat iv e p ro n o u n w h ich recu rs in t h e

re frain o f each v erse o f t h e hym n : Wo rsh ip w e Ka t h e God w it h our

o b l at io n .

2 Who se l ustr e m akes i m m or tal : or, w h ose shad e is l ife et ernal .

Wh ose sh ado w is im m o rt al i t
y , w h ose shado w is deat h — M M fl l l er
.
’
. .

C hhd yd l igh t , I f b ot h
’
shad o w an d reflect ed l ust re
’
bo th
’
‘
m eans .

senses o f t h e w o rd are in te n ded h ere t h e m ean in g m igh t b e W hose

co l d shad o w h is disp l easu re, o r ig n o ran ce o f h im ) is deat h , w h il e t h e
(
k n o w l edge i
o f h is b righ t g l o ry m ak es h is w orsh p per im m o rt al See M . .

M T hat br eathes
. and sl u m ber s th at is, b o t h of Go ds an d m e n .
m rm z/ r u srs or [B OOK w .

3 T o w ho m h o sts e m b at t l e d , l o o k w i t h l o n g i ng,
bo th
an d H e ave n an d E art h i n v o k e h i m in th e i r t e r r o r ;

W h o se is t h i s p at h t h at m e asu res o u t t he r eg io n
W hat G o d shall w e ado re w it h o u r o blat io n 2
4 W h o se is t h e m ig h t y e ar t h an d spaci o u s h eave n an d ,

y o n de r am pl e fi r m am e n t be t w e e n t he m ,

W h o se is yo n S u n e xte n de d i n his g ran de u r

What G o d sh all w e ado re w i th o u r o bl atio n 7

5 W h o se th ro u gh h is m ig h t ar e al l t h e S no w y M o u n
, ,

t ai n s and w h o se t h ey say is B ash i n t h e o ce an

, , ,

T h e ar m s o f w ho m are t h e se c e l e st i al q u arte rs
W h at G o d shall w e ado re w it h o u r o bl at i o n ?

6 T h e de at h l e ss W at e rs b o r n i n L aw re ce i v i ng p r o
, , ,

t e c te d al l
t h e g e r m i n t h e beg i n n i ng ,
W ate rs di v i n e w h o h ad th e G o d abo ve t he m
W h at G o d sh al l w e ado re w i th o u r o bl at i o n ?
7 I n the be gi n n i n g ro se H iranyagarb ha e v e n at h is ,

bi rt h so l e L o rd o f al l c re at i o n .

H e fi x t an d fi rm ly st abli sh e d e arth and h e av e n

W hat G d sh all w e ado re w i th o u r o b lat i o n

o 7

5 R asd i n the ocean a m t h i cal r ive r in t h e sea o f air flo w ing ro un d

y
ear t h an d at m osp h e re .

6 Bor n i n Law ro d u ced in acco rdan ce w it h ri td, t h e fi xed Order

: p
of t he Un i verse . T he referen ce is, n o t t o t h e w at e rs o f t h e cl o u ds

rel eased b y In d ra, b u t t o t h e u n fat ho m ed dep th s o f w at er t hat p receded

d ist i n ct creat io n , w h en t he eart h w as w it h o u t fo rm an d vo i d ; an d
‘

dark n ess w as u po n t h e face of t he d ee p . A n d t h e Sp irit of Go d m o ved

t h e face of t h e w aters I 2, 3
’
u po n .
-
Gen esis, . .

7 T h is is st anza l of t h e R igveda h ym n H i r anyagar bha l ite rall y .

th e so u rce o f go ld en l igh t , t h e Sun Go d

’ ’
t h e go l d ge rm ,
-
as t h e -

great p o w er of t h e un iverse, fro m w hich al l o t h er p o w ers an d exis

t en ces, d i vin e an d eart hl y, are derived, a co n cep t ion w h ich is th e

n earest ap p ro ach to t h e l at er m yst i cal con cep t io n of Brahm i , th e
creato r o f t h e w o rl d .
’
-
Wall is Co sm o l o gy o f
, th e V eda, p 50 . .
1 34 r e s H YM N S or [ s o ar I v .

3 We cr u sh an d r e n d t o p i e ce s b o th t h i n e ey e s, 0 Ti g e r ,
an d th y j aw s , an d al l th y t w e n ty c l aw s w e b re ak .

4 W e b r e ak an d re n d t h e t ig e r fi rst of cr eat u r e s t h at
are ar m e d w i t h te e t h

T he ro bb er t h e n , an d t h e n th e sn ak e , the so r ce r e r ,

an d t h e n th e w o l f .

5 T h e thi ef w ho c o m e t h n e ar t o day de p ar te th
-
b ru i sed
an d cr u sh e d to bi t s .

By n e ar est l e t him b e g o n e
w ay L e t I n dra sl ay .

h i m w i t h h is b o l t .

6 L e t t h e b e ast s t e e t h b e b r o k e n o ff, sh i v er e d an d
’

sh at t e r e d b e h is r ib s 1

S l ac k b e t h y bo w st ri n g : do w n w ar d g o t h e w i l d b e ast
t h at p u r su e s t h e b ar e l
7 O p e n n o t w h at t h o u h ast co m p re ssed , c l o se n o t w h at
t h o u h ast n o t c o m p re sse d .

’
I n dra s and S o m a s c h i ld, t h o u art A t har van s t ige r
’ ’

c r u sh i ng ch ar m .

H YM N IV .

WE d ig t h e e fr o m t h e e art h , t h e Pl an t w h i ch stre n g
t h e n s an d e x al ts t he n e r v e s,
T h e Pl an t w hi c h t h e Gan dh ar va du g fo r V aru na
w h o se p o w e r w as l o st .

6 Sl ack be thy bo w str i ng : a fi g u rat i ve exp ressio n fo r : m ay t hy

w er o f strik i n g t h y p rey b e e n fee bl ed T he w i l d beast : n o t t h e t i er,
p o .
g
b u t so m e sm al l er rap ac io u s an im al .

7 T h e fi rst h em ist ich is ad d re sse d t o t h e an im al I f t h y m o u t h is

sh u t , o p e n it not if it is o pe n t o at tack t h y p rey do no t ( b i t e an d )
cl ose it C f V I 56
. . . X 4 8 T he seco n d hem ist ich is addressed t o
. . . .

t h e am u l e t o r ch arm w h ich is to cr u sh t h e t iger I nd r a s an d Som a s

’ ’
.

ch i ld ro b ab l y so m e p o iso n o us h e rb , de ri v in i t s w t h f m S m a
p g g ro ro o

t h e Kin g o f Pl an t s an d its dest r u ct i ve p o w er fro m t h e m igh t iest Go d

I n dr a . T h e tiger cr ush i ng char m o w es it s o rig in to t h e an cien t fi re~
-

r iest A t h arv an , as o t h er ch arm s are ascri b ed to t h e B ish is A ast a,

p g
'

y
A sita, Gays, an d Jam adagni See I 1 4 4 I I 32 3
. . . . . .

T h e h ym n is a charm t o rest o re vi ril e p o w er .

1 Who se p o wer was l ost t he l egend re ferred to is no t t raceab l e .

1m m r m r 1 1 m m ra ve n s
‘

aj . 1 35

2 L a U sh as an d l e t S h ry s i
r se , l e t th i s t h e sp e e ch

I u t t e r r se i .

L e t t he st r o n g m ae l Praj apat i ar se i w thi m an ly

e ner g y .

H YM N V .

T H E Bu l l w h o h at h a t h o u san d h o rn s, w h o r i ses u p
fro m o u t t h e se a,
B y h i m t h e st ro n g an d m igh ty on e w e l u ll t h e fo lk
t o re st an d sl e e p .

2 O ver t h e su r face o f the eart h t h e re bre at h es n o w n d, i

t h e re l oo k s n o eye .

L u ll al l t h e w o m e n ,
l u l l t h e do gs t o sl e e p , w i th
I n dra as t hy fr i e n d !
T h e w o m e n sl e e p i n g i n t he co u rt , lyi ng w i tho u t ,
o r st r e t ch e d o n be ds ,
—
T h e m at r o n s w i th t h e ir odo ro u s sw e ets th e se ,
on e an d al l , w e l u ll t o sl e e
p .

d, hav e he l d
'

4 E ach m o v ng i t h i n g h ave I sec ur e an d

h o l d t he e y e an d bre ath .

E ac h l im b an d m e m be r h av e I se ze d
i i n the deep
dark n e ss o f t he n i g h t .

2 Pr qidp ati Lo rd o f L ife t h e Go d w h o p resides o v er p ro creat i o n .

F or th e six rem ai n in g stan zas see A p pe ndix .

T h e hym n is t he l ul l ab y o s sl eep-charm . of a l nver w h o is secretl y

v isit in g h is l o ve .

1 T h is stan za, and st an zas 3, 5, 6 are tak en fro m t

[ g
i v e da V I I 5 T, . .

8, 6, 5 . T he Bu l l w ho hath a tho u san d hor n s : t h e su n w i t h h is coun t

l ess ra s o f l ight , w ho se se tt i n b i h i f t d l
’

y g r ng s t e t m e o res an s ee p o r

p erh ap s t he st arry heav en , as Grassm an n t ransl at es, is in t e n ded o r,

acco rd ing A u frech t, t h e I Bg

i d I 1 54 6 h ‘
to m oo n. ’n v e a , t e . . m an y =

h orn ed an d rest l ess o xen app ear to be th e stars w it h t h e ir e ver

w h ich su p p o rt s Grassm an n s in t e rp ret at i on
’
t w in k l i n g rays, .

2 Wi th I nd r a as thy f r ien d : t h e sp eak er addresses t h e so p o ri fi c p l an t

or o t h e r ch arm , st re n gt h en ed b y I n d ra, w h ich h e carries w it h h im .

3. Wi th thei r od or ous sweets : w eari n g garl an ds o f fragran t fl o we rs .

1 30 u m s rw vs or [so ar m .

5 T he m an w h o s i ts , t h e m an w h o wal k s, w ho eve r stand s

an d c e ar l ly se e s

O f t h e se w e c o se l ly sh u t th e e y es , even as we c o se l ly
sh u t t h i s h o u se .

6 Sl e e p m o th er, l e t t h e fat he r l
s ee p , l
s ee
p do g ,
an d m ast e r o f the ho m e .

L et al l h e r k i n sm e n l
s ee p , l
s ee
p al l the p eo
p l e w ho
are r o u n d ab o u t .

7 W i th s0
p o r ifi c ch ar m , 0 S l ee p , l u ll th o u to l
s um b er
al l t h e fo l k .

L e t th e r e st sl e e p t ill br e ak o f day I w ill r e m ain,

aw ak e t ill daw n , li k e I ndra fr e e fro m scat h and

h arm .

HY M N V I .

T B rd h
H Em a n to l ife te heade d
fi rst w as b ro ugh t
n -

an d w i th face s t en .

Fi rst dri n k e r o f t h e So m a, h e m ade p o i so n i n effect u al .

2 F ar as t h e h eav e n s and earth are sp read i n co m pass,

far as t h e S e v e n R i v ers are e xt e n de d ,
So far m y spel l , th e an t i do te of po iso n , h ave I sp o k e n
h e n ce .

6 H asyat h ere /db T h is p ro n o u n w h ich is t he cl u e t o t h e ”

er : ass .

p p
u r ose o f the ch arm is n o t fo u n d in t h e co rresp on d in g stance o f t h e
Bgi v eda h ym n , t h e l ast fo u r v erses ( ,
5 6, 7 , 8 ) of w h ich are, acco rd in g
to Si yana, to b e recit ed b y t h iev es an d h o use b reak ers i n p u rsu i t o f -

p l u n d er .

T h e hy m n h as b ee n t ran sl ate d, w it h n o t es, b y A u frech t in I n disch e

St u dien IV .
pp 34 0 sqq
. .
, an d b y Gril l , H u ndert Lieder, p p 51 . 1 1 8 . .

T h e hym n is a ch arm t o m ak e a po ison ed arrow harm l ess .

1 Brah m an s ar e fro m t heir b irt h endo w ed w ith extrao rdinary an d

supe r h u m an power! an d p ri v il eges .

2 Seven R i ver s acco rd ing to P ro f M ax M ii l l er, th e I nd us, t h e fi ve .

ri vers o f t h e Pen i h ( V i tasta, A sijk n i, Perush ni, V ipfi q, Su t u dri) and

t he Sarasvat i . Lassen Ludw ig p u t t he Ku b hfi in t he p l ace o f th e
an d

l ast -
n am ed . Se e Zim m e r, A l t in disches Leben, p p 3 sqq So f ar . .

re ach in g so far .
1 88 T H E g r am s o r [ BOOK tr .

8 T h y d i g ge rs are e m asc u at e , l e m asc u ate , l 0 Pl an t ,

art t h o u .

T he ru
gg e d m o u n ta n i t h at p ro du ced this p o iso n is
e m asc u at e . l
HYM N VII .

So m ayt h i s w ate r gu ard u s o n t h e ban k o f V aranfiv ati .

T h e re i n h ath A m ri t b ee n i n fu se d w i t h t h at I w ard
t h y p o i so n o fi
'

W e ak is th e p o iso n of th e E ast , w ee k is t h e p o i so n
o f t h e N o rt h ,

So to o t hi s p o i so n of t h e S o u th c o u n ts as a cak e o f
'

c u r ds an d m eal .

3 Wh e n h e h at h m ade o f t h ee a cak e , b road , st eam ing ,

sw e lli n g up w i th fat ,
A n d e ve n i n hu n g e r e at e n t h ee , t h e n gr i pe h i m n o t,

th o u h i deo u s o n e I
I n t o x ic at er l l i k e a sh aft w e m ak e t h y sp i r i t fl y aw ay ,
Li k e a p o t b o ili ng o n th e fi re , w e w i th o ur w o rd
r e m o v e t h e e h e n ce .

8 0 P l an t t he nam e oft h e p l an t fro m w h ich t h e p o iso n w as ex

t ract ed is not g iv en . M an y o f t h e w il d races w h o in hab it t h e hi l l s
an d forests of I n dia po iso n t h e
,
arro w s w it h w hi ch t h ey kil l t igers an d
o t h er b easts of re
p y , an d t h ey ap p ear to be acqu ain t ed w it h m an y
ju n gl e
p l an t s w h ich serve t h e ir p ur pose .

T he hym n has been tran sl at ed b y Lu dw ig, Der R ig veda, III .

p 51.2 .

T h e hy m n is a charm t o m ak e a po ison o u s p l an t i nn ocu o us .

1 I n t h e fi rst h em ist ich t h ere is a p l ay o n t he w o rds «29, w at er,

W ayd tai , w ard 0 3, o r d
’

g u ard , an d var agt va tydm , t h e l ocat ive case of

zdi mti ,
var ag w h ich ap p ears t o b e t he nam e o f so m e ri v er o r l ak e on .

w h ose b an k s t h e V arana ( C rataeva R o xb u rgh ii ), a p l an t u sed in m ed i

c in e an d su p po sed t o p o ssess m ag ical virt u es, gro w s ab u n dan t l T h e
y .

p o iso n ous p l ant w as, it seem s, w ash ed in t h e water of the ri ver an d

t h en b o il ed .
H YM N T H E A T H A R V A V E DA -
. 1 39

5 We se t ar o u n d th e e w th i t h e sp e ll as
’
t w e re a gat h e r
e d ar m am e n t .

S t ay q u i e t li ke a ro o te d tr e e . D ug up w t h m att o ck s,
i
g r i pe not tho u .

6 F or c o v er n i gh av e bart e re d t h ee , fo r sk i n s o f
s m en

de e r an d w o v e n c l o t h s .

T h o u ar t a t h i n g o f sal e , 0 Pl an t D u g u p w i th .

m att o c k s, g r i p e n o t t h o u !

7 N o n e h av e at tai n e d t o t h o se o f o l d, th o se w h o
w ro u gh t h o ly ac t s fo r y o u .

L e t t h e m n o t h ar m o u r h ero es h e re Th ere fo re .

I set b e fo re y o u t hi s .

HYMN VII I .

T H E B e i n g l ay s t h e sap o f li fe in b e i n gs : h e h at h
b e co m e t h e so v ran L o rd o f c r e at u re s .

D e at h c o m es t o t h i s m an s ro y al co n se crat i o n
’

l e t h i m as K i n g o w n an d all o w t h i s k i n g do m .

2 C o m e fo r w ard t u rn n o t back i n sc o r n st ro n g
, ,

u a d i an sl ay e r o f t h y fo e s
g r , .

A p p ro ac h 0 g l adde n e r o f t h y fri en ds
, T h e G o ds .

h ave bl e sse d an d st reng t h e n e d t h e e .

5 A gather ed ar m am en t : t h e spel l act s l ike a b o dy o f so ld iers en co m

assin g t h e p l an t an d p re ven t in g it fro m do in g harm
p .

6 F or cover i ng s : p avdstai s in Bigveda 27 7 , t h e w o rd in t h e X . .

d ual m ean s t h e t wo can o p ies, h eave n an d eart h

’
.

7 T h is st anza, recu r rin g in V . 6 2, h as

. no m ean ing here, an d is
'

ev iden t l y an in te rp o l at io n .

T h e hym n has b een t ran sl ate d b y Lu dw ig, Der R igveda, III p 201 ; . .

and, w it h an n o t at io ns, b y Gril l , H u n dert Lieder, p p 28 , 1 21 . .

T h e hym n is a b en ed ict io n pro no un ced at t h e co nsecrat io n o f a King .

1 T he Bei ng t h e Di v in e Bein g , m ean in g h e re t h e C reato r R oyal

“

con secr a ti on t he R a j y
a sfi a w as a g r ea t sa c ri fi ce o r rel ig io u s ce re m o n
y
rfo rm ed at t h e co ro n at ion o f a su p re m e so ve re ig n b y t h e Kin g h im ~
p e

sel f an d h is t rib u tary p r in ces M rit y u o r t h e God o f Deat h sho w s h is

.

app ro val b y att en d in g t h e in au gu rat io n o f t h e n ew Ki n g .

2 T he King is addressed .
no w e an us or [ s o ar t r .

3 A l l w i
a ted o i
n h m a s h e cam e t o m e e t t h e m H e .

se lf re sp l e n de n t m o ves e n du e d w i th g l o ry
- .

Th at is th e r o yal h e ro s l o fty n atu re : he , m an i fo l d,

’

h at h gai n e d i m m o r tal p o w e rs .

4 S tr i de fo rt h t o h eave n s b ro ad regio n s, tho u , a t i ge r

’

o n a t i er s sk i n
’

g .

L e t al l t h e p e o p l e l o n g for t hee L et h eaven ly .

flo o ds b e r ch
i in m il k .

5 H j o yo u s in th e i r il k t h e w ate 1 s o f
’
w at ers
'
eav e n s m ,

m i ddl e air , an d th o se th at e art h co n t a n e t h i

I i
w th t h e g at h e red p o w er an d m i gh t o f al l t h ese
w ate rs i l t h e e s r nk e
p .

6 T he h eave n ly w at e rs ri ch in m ilk h ave spr i nk l ed th ee

w i th p o w e r an d m i g h t
T o b e th e gladde ner o f thy frie nds M ay Savi tar so .

fash i o n th e e .

7 T hese c o m passi ng th e t iger ro use t he li o n to great

, ,

j o y an d bli ss .

A s st ro ng fl o o ds p u r i fy t h e stan di ng o cean so m e n ,

ado r n t h e l eo pard in t h e w at ers .

4 A tiger t h e ty pe, in t h e A t h arva-v eda, o f h ero ic st r en g th an d

cou rage A .
W e ski n ste p p ing o n a t iger s sk in , sym b o lical
'
of

assum in g re gal p o w e rs, w as an im p o rt an t part o f t he cerem o n y .

5 M ilk t h e b l essin gs w hich t h ey po ur do w n .

6 Savi tar : t h e Sun as t h e great v ivifi e r an d p ro m o t er o f al l gro wt h .

7 T hese : th e p riests w h o co nd u ct t h e cerem o n y

T he tiger the . .

l ion the l eop ar d : t h e st ro ng an d val ian t King

. . I n the water s :
h
.

w ith w ich h e 1s sp rin kl ed in t h e A b hish eka o r Sp rin kl i n g C erem o n

'

y
w h erew ith t h e King is con secrated .

T h e h ym n has b een tran sl ate d b y Ludwig, Der R igveda, 111 p 4 58 ; . .

an d b y Z
im m er, A l t in disch es Leben, p 21 3 . .
142 m s H YM N S or [ B OOK 17 .

7 I , k n o w i n g t h i s, 0 S al ve , w ill sp eak th e v er y tr u t h
an d n o t a l i e
M ay I o btai n bo t h h o rse an d o x , m ay I o b tai n thy
li fe , 0 m an .

8 T h re e ar e t h e sl av es t h at ser ve t he Sal ve F ever , ,

C o n su m p t i o n an d t h e S nak e , .

T h y fath e r is t h e l o ft i e st o f m o u n tai n s n am e d th e ,

T ri p l e p e ak e d .

S p r u n g fr o m t h e S n o w y M o u n tai n s si de t h is O i n t
’
9 ,

m e n t o f t h e Th r e e p e ak e d h ill -

C ru sh es an d re n ds al l so rce rers an d e very w i t ch an d

so r ce re ss .

1 0 I f th o u fro m th e T h re e p e ak e d h ill o r h ast th y

ar t -

n am e fro m Y am u n fi,

Th e se n am es are bo t h au sp i ci o u s : by th ese t wo p ro
t e ct t h o u u s, 0 Sal v e
H YM N X .

C H I LD o f th e w i n d an d fi r m am e n t sp ru ng fro m the ,

l ig h t n i n g an d t h e l igh t ,

M ay t h i s t h e g o l d b o r n Sh e ll t h at b ears t he p earl
r e se r ve u s f1 o m d i st r e ss
p .

7 T h e seco n d h em ist ich , w h ich see m s o u t o f p l ace he re , i s t ak en ,

w it h a v ariat io n, fro m R ig v eda 97 4 : X
St e e d , co w , an d garm en t
.

m ay I gain , w i n b ac k t h y v it al b reat h , 0 m an t h at is, M ay I rest o re

t h ee t o l ife, an d rece iv e a h o rse, et c , as m y fee fo r cu rin g y ou . .

8 F ever : see I 25 2 C o nsu m p ti o n : b al déah ap paren t l y a k in d o f

. . .

y a h sh m a a w ast i n g d ise ase co n su m p t i v e e xp e ct o rat io n see i m m e r, Z

A l t in d isch es Leb e n , p 385 T r ip l e p eaked tr i kak ti d a h igh m o u n t ai n
. .
-

in t h e H im al aya ; t h e m od ern T rik fi ta : see i m m e r A I L p 30 Z . . . . .

the Jam u n zi, co m m o n l y cal l ed Ju m n a, regard ed

ri v er
’
10 l
‘

am n n d :

in m y th o l o gy as t h e t w in si st er o f Yam s B o th au sp i ci ou s b o t h . .

m o u n tain an d ri e b e
v r i n ,
r
e n d o w ed w it h sp ec ial sa n c t i t y .

T h e h ym n h as b ee n t ran sl at e d b y L u dw ig , Der R igv eda, III p 507 . .

an d b y Gril l , w it h an n o tat io ns, H u n der t L ieder, p p 35, 1 23 . .

T h e h ym n i s a ch arm acco m an in
p y g in v est it u re w it h a p ro t ect i v e

am u l e t o f sh e l l .

1 A s is usu al in ad d resses t o am u l ets, t h e o rigin o f t h e sh el l is gl o ri

fi ed .I t w as p ro d u ced fro m t h e rain t h at fel l in to th e sea fro m t h e
H YM N T H E A TH AR if
s -
V E DA . 1 43

2 Sh e ll t hat w ast b o r n fr o m o u t t h e sea, se t at the

h e ad o f t h i n g s t h at sh i n e
W i th th ee w e s a l y t he d shasas an d o v e rco m e
i
v o r ac o u s fi e n ds .

3 We di se ase an d i ndi ge n ce ,
st ay an d chas eSadan vfis
w i t h t he S h e ll .

M ay t h e all h e ali n g S h e ll t h at
-
b ears th e p e ar l p re
se r v e u s fr o m d i str ess .

4 B o rn i n t h e h eav e n , sp r u n g fro m t he se a, b r o u g h t t o
u s h i t h e r fro m t h e fl o o d ,

Th is go l d b o r n S h e ] ! shall b e to u s an am u l e t to
-

l e n g t he n li fe .

5 F ro m o c e an s
p g t h e A m u l
r an e t ,
fr o m V rit ra s
p ran
g
t h e L o r d o f D ay
M ay t h i s p r o t e ct u s ro u nd ab o u t fr o m sh aft o f G o d
an d A su ra .

P e e rl ess id go l de n th o u fro m S o m a
’
6 m o r n am e n t s art

w ast t h o u bo r n .

T ho u gl e am e st o n th e q u i ve r t h o u art b e au t i fu l u po n
,

th e car : m ay it ro l o n o u r day s o f li fe !
p g

w in dy sk y, an d t h e irid esce n t h u es o f its l in i ng cam fro m t h e b righ t

e

fl as h es of t h e l igh t n in g . Go l d bo rn
-
: go l de n , o r exce l l en t b
y n at u re .

S o m ew h at sim ilar is t h e b el ief m e n t io ne d b y Dio sco ride s an d Pl in y

t h at pearl s are fo rm ed b y d ro ps of rain fal l ing in t o t h e o y st e r- sh e l l s

w h en o p en . T h e Persian s al so say t h at d ro ps of sp ri n g rain fal l in g

in to t h e p ear l -
o y st e r t u rn i n t o p recio us p earl s .

3 Sad d n eds t ro u b l eso m e n o isy p est s : see II 1 4 1

. . .

4 F r o m the fl oo d si n dhu tds o r, fro m Sin dh u , t h e I n du s .

5 F r om V yi tr a sp r ang th e Lo r d of Day as t h e Su n sh o n e o u t w h en
V rit ra, t h e h u ge cl o u d , w as sh at te red, so th e sh el l w it h i ts b righ t t rea
su r e sp ran g fro m t h e dar k d ep t h s o f t h e sea A sur a h ost il e d em o n . .

6 F r om Som a w ast th ou bor n in direct l y ; l ib at io n s of So m j

a u ice

cau se t he rain t o fal l , an d t h e rai n p rod u ces t h e sh ell . On the car

in the Rgi v eda t h e ch ar io t o f t h e S u n is d e ck ed w it h p earl ( I 35 4 ) . .

an d h o rses t rap p in gs are so m et im es ad o rn ed w i th it ( V I I 1 8 23, an d

’
. .

X 68 M ay i t p r o l o ng t h is ab ru p t chan ge o f th e p erso al
. . n
p ro

n o un is n o t u n co m m o n in th e V eda .
1 44 rm am i ss or :
[ 3 0 0 1 ii .

7 Bo ne f t h e Go ds be cam e t h e earl s sh e ll m o th er
’
o
p
-

e n d o w e d w i t h so n ] i t m o v e t h i n t h e w at e rs .

I bi n d t h i s o n t h e e fo r l ife , st re ng t h , an d v i go u r,
fo r l o n g li fe l ast i n g th ro ugh a h u ndr ed au t u m n s .

M ay t h e p earl s m o : h e r k ee p an d guard t h ee safe ly !

’

Y M N XI H .

T m : B ul l su p p o rt s th e w i de sp read ear th an d h e av e n -
.

T h e B u ll s u p p r ts t h e s ac io u s ai r be t w e e n t h e m
o .

T h e B u ll su p po rt s t h e sk y s srx s ac io u s reg i o n s t h e
u n i ve rsal w o r l d hat h h e p e rv s fp ed .

H e
’
2 T h e B u l l is I n d ra : o er t h e b east s h e w at ch es .
,

S ak ra m e asu r e s o u t t h re e se ve ral p ath w ay s

, .

H e m il k i n g o u t t h e w o r l ds t h e as t t h e f u tu re
, , , ,

di sc h arg e s al l t h e Go ds e te r n al u tie s
’
.

3 B e i n g p ro d u c e d am o n g m an k i n d as I n dra th e Cal dro n ,

w o r k s h e at e d an d br i g h t ly gl o w i n
L e t h i m n o t w i t h g oo d so n s p ass 0 i n va o u r w ho
1 , p ,

h ath n o t e at e n o f t h e O x w i t h k n o w l e dg e .

the Gods an o t h er fan ciful o r igin o f the sh el l con t ain ing

7 B one of
t h e pearl o r , rat h er, t he m o t h e ro
f pearl o r nacre
-
.

T h e h ym n has b een t ransl ate d b y Lu dw ig , De r R ig veda, I I I p 4 63 ; . .

an d, w it h an n o t at io ns, b y Grill , H u n dert Lieder, p p 36, 1 24 . .

T h e h y m n i s a g l or ifi c at io n o f t h e Gh a r m a o r C a l d ro n i n w hi c h th e

fi d i ll h A i i d
'

l b
i a t io n o f h o t m il k , o e re e s
p ec a y t o t e g v n s , s p p
r e are .

1 S i s: sp ac i o us r e g i on s t h e fo ur uar t er s oqf t h e h e av e n s w i th t h e

se n ith an d t h e n ad ir .

2 O er the beam in t h e m ost exte n ded sense o f th e w o rd, m ean in g

’

p e rh aps al l an im al s S
o akr a . igh ty a co m m on ep it h et o r ap p ej
or m .

l at io n of I n d ra . T hree sever al p ath ways t o eart h , fi rm am e n t, an d

3 A o I ndr a t h e C al dro n is sym b o l ical l y call ed I n dra o n accoun t of

t h e ext rao rdin ary efli cacy of t h e l ib ation w hich is p repared in it . Wi th

’
good com u p r a j dfs Lu d w ig read s u p r a d
y ,
e an ab l e go er . T he 0:
or Bu l l h e re m ean ing t h e Cal d ro n or it s con te n ts. T he hem istich is
un in te l l igi b l e to m e .
1 46 m s H YM NS or B K
[ OO I V .

9 H w h o so e v e r k n o ws th e
‘
e se ven e xhau st ess l p o ur ni g s
of the Ox ,
W i n s h i m se lf o fi sp ri n g an d t h e w o rl d :
‘

th e great
S e ve n R i sh i s k n o w th i s w e ll .

W i th feet su bdui n g w ear in ess, w i th l e gs e x tract in g

fre sh e n i n g drau g h ts,
Thro u gh t o il t h e p l o u g h e r an d th e 0 x ap p ro ach t h e
h o n ey ed b e ve rage .

A ss ign ed ar e t h ese t w el ve n i g h ts , t h ey say , as ho ly

t o P raj ap ati
W h o e ver k n ow s t h e i r p ro p er p ray er p erfo r m s th e
ser vi ce o f t h e 0 11 .

A t e v e n i n g h e is m ilk ed i s m ilk e d at e ar l y m orn , ,

is m i l k e d at n o o n .

W e k n o w t hat stream s o f m i l k th at fl o w fro m him are

i ne xh au st ibl e .

H Y M N XII .

T ac o art th e h eal e r m ak i ng w h ol e th e h e al er of th e
, ,

b ro k e n b o n e
M ak e t h o u t h i s w h o l e A ru n dh ati l ,

9 P ou r i n g: of the m ean in g, ap p are n t l y, t h e l i b at io n s p our ed

fro m t h e C al dro n , an d t h e co nsequ en t b l essin gs Seven R i ch i e Go tam a, .

Bh arad vfija, V isv iim it ra, Jam ad agn i, V asish t h a, Kasy ap a, an d A t ri ,

a cco rd ing t o t h e
$ p h h O h
’

a t a at a B r1t m ana -
t er n a m es a.re g i v en b y
o t h er au t ho ri t ies .

1 0 T he p l ougher an d the th e p ri est an d t h e cal dro n . H on eyed

b ever age th e sw ee t l ib at io n .

12 Is m i l ked th e referen ce is t o t h e t h ree dail y sacri fi ces .

Ste am 7— 1 2 are p p
u r osel
y o b scure, an d can n o t b e in tell igib l y

T h e fi rst six stan zas h ave b een t ran sl at ed b y M u ir, O S . . T exts, V .

pp 3
. 99 a n d 36 1 , and b y Lu d w ig , Der R ig v eda, I I I p 534 . . .

T h e hym n is a charm , addressed t o a Pl an t , t o m en d a b ro k en b o n e .

1 T he heal er r dhaqt ; l it e ral l y , causin g t o gro w ( again ) A m en d/1a .

tt a cl im b i n g p l an t , n o t iden t ifi ed p ro b ab l y a vari e t
y o f C on vol v u

j
l u s o r b in d w eed w h ich is t o b in d fast t h e in ured l im b as it b in ds t h e
t ree ro u n d w h ich it gro w s .
m mv m e A T H A R VA V EDJ -
. 1 47

2 W h ate v er b o n e o f th i n e w i th i n t hy b o dy h ath been

w re n ch e d o r crack e d,
M ay D h atar set i t pro p er ly , an d j o i n t o get h er li m b
by l i m b .

3 W i t h m arro w b e t hy m arro w
j i o n ed, thy li m b un i ted
w i t h t h e li m b .

L e t w hat h at h fal l e n of t hy fl esh , an d th e b o n e also ,

g r o w ag a n i .

4 L et l w i th m arro w l e t sk i n gro w u n i ted

m ar ro w c o se
,

w i t h t h e sk i n .

L et bl o o d an d b o n e g ro w str o n g i n th ee fl esh gro w ,

t o ge t h er w i t h t h e fl e sh .

5 J o i n th o u t o g e th er h air w i th h ai r j o i n t ho u t og e th er ,

sk i n w i t h sk i n .

L e t bl o o d an d b on e gr o w st ro n g in th ee U n i t e t he .

b ro k e n p art 0 Pl an t , .

6 A rise ad van ce sp e ed fo r th : t h e car h ath g o o dl y

, ,

fe lli es n av e s an d w h e el s
, , .

S tan d u p er e ct u o n
p th y fe e t .

7 I f h e b e t o rn an d sh atter e d , h av i n g fall en in to a i
p ,t
o r a cast st o n e h av e str u ck h i m ,

L e t t h e sk ill e d l e e ch j o i n li m b w i th li m b ’
, as tw er e
t h e p or t i o n s o f a car .

H Y M N XII I .

G o ns ,i i t h e m an w h o m
r a se aga n y ,
e O G o ds , hav e
h u m bl e d an d b ro u g ht l o w .

2 t tar the God w h o o rdain s, est ab l ish es, fix es, an d p rese rv es .

6 T h is an d t h e fol l o w in g stanza seem to b e ou t of p l ace h e re . T he

chi l l ed l eech ri bh zi e cl e ver, exp er t, a sk il f u l w o rk m an , m ean in g h e re
a su rgeo n . Or th e m ean in g m ay be : Let him ( t h e God ) j o in l im b
w ith l im b as j o in s a sm ith th e p o rt io n s o f a car .

T h e h ym n has b een t ran sl at ed b y Lu d w ig, De r R ig veda, I I I p 508 ; . .

an d b y Grill , w ith an n otat ions, H un dert Lieder, p p 18, 1 25 . .

14 3 T H E 17 m m or [ BOOK IV .

Ye G o ds r esto re
, to li fe aga n , i h im ,
Go ds ! w ho h at h
c o m m i t t e d si n .

2 H th e se t w o w i n ds ar e bl o w i n g far as S i n dh u
e re

f ro m a d i st an t l an d .

M ay o n e b r e at h e e n e rgy t o t h e e, t h e o t h er bl o w thy
fau l t aw ay .

3 H i t h e r , 0 W i n d, bl o w h e ali n g b al m , bl o w e ve r y
fau l t aw ay , t h o u W i n d
F o r t h o u w h o h ast al l m e di c i n e c o m e st as e n vo y o f

t h e G o ds .

4 M ay t he G o ds k e e p an d save th i s m an , t h e M aru ts
’

h o st de li v e r h im .

A l l t h i n g s t hat b e deli v e r h im th at h e be fre e d fro m

h is o ff e n c e .

5 I am c o m e n ig h t o t h e e w i th b al m s t o gi ve th e e r e st

an d k e e p t h e e safe .

I br i n g t h ee m ig h t y st re n gt h , I dr i v e t h y w ast i n g
m al ady aw ay .

F e li ci t o u s is t h is m y h an d yet m o r e fe li ci to u s i s th i s ,
.

T h i s h an d co n tai n s al l h e ali ng bal m s an d t h i s m ak e s ,

w h o l e w i t h g e n t l e t o u ch .

7 T h e t o n g u e t h at l eads t h e v o i c e p re cede s Th e n w i t h .

o u r te n fo l d b r anc h i n h an ds
g
-
,

W i t h t h ese t w o h eal e rs o f d i sease w e st ro k e t h ee ,

w i t h a so ft c ar ess .

T h e h y m n , t ak en , w i t h t h e excep t io n o f st an za 6, fro m R ig veda X .

1 37 , i s a ch arm t o r est o re a si ck m an t o h eal t h .

1 Who ha th co m m i t ted si n sick n ess b e in g regard ed as t h e co n so

u en ce an d p u n ish m en t o f sin
q .

2 Si n dh u t h e I n du s .

4 Of ence an d co n sequ e n t d isease .

5 Wasti ng m al ady y ak sh m a, p u l m o n ar
y co n su m p t io n .

6 T ak en fro m R ig veda X
60 1 2 M o r e f el i ci tou s i s th is m y o t h e r
. . .

h an d, p ro b ab l y t h e r i gh t Wi th gen tl e tou ch w it h l igh t fri cti o n , l ay

.

in g o u o f h an ds, o r hyp n o t izin g p asses

- .

7 T he ton gu e : t h e ch arm is u t tered fi rst , an d t h en t h e han ds are

u sed t o rel ie v e t h e su fi e ror an d t o resto re h im to h eal t h
'

.
1 50 T H E g u ms or [ BOOK IV .

6 W i th m il k an d b u t ter I an o i n t th e m ighty cel est i al ,

G o at st ro n g w i n ged an d fu ll o f j u i ces
,
-
, .

Th ro u gh h im w ill w e at tai n th e w o r l d o f virtu e ,

asce n di n g to th e l o ft i e st c o p e t o h e av e n , .

S et t he G o at s h ead to w ard t h e east er n r eg i o n an d

’
7 ,

t u r n h i s r ig h t si de t o t h e so u t h er n q u arter .

H is h i n de r ar t t u r n t o th e w este r n q u art e r an d set

h is l e ft si d hto th e n or th ern regi o n
,

S et th e G o at s b ac k b o n e u p m o st i n t h e ze n i th an d
’
8 ,

l ay h is b e l ly do w n w ar d i n t h e n adi r ; se t h is m id
o r t i o n i n m id air b e t w e e n t h e m
p
-
.

O e r t h e dr esse d Go at l ay a dr essed sk i n to r ob e hi m
’
9
r e p are d i n p e r fe c t fo r m w i th al l h i s m e m b e rs
p , , .

R i se u p w ard t o th e l o ft i e st v au l t o f h eave n : w i th
t hy fo u r fe et stand fi r m ly i n th e r eg i o n s .

YM N X V H .

L s r al l th e m isty reg i o n s fl y t oge th er l et al l th e

'
,

rai n c l o u ds s e d by w i n d asse m bl e
p
-
.
, ,

L e t w at e r s sati sfy t h e e art h t h e v o i ces o f t h e great ,

m i st e n v e l o p ed B u l l w h o r o ar eth
-
.

2 L et t h e m sh o w fo rth t h e st ro n g th e b o u n te o u s , ,

M ar u t s : l e t p l an ts an d sh r u b s b e h u n g w i t h dro p s
o f m o i st u r e .

L e t fl o o ds o f r ai n re fr e sh t h e g ro u n d w i th gl adn e ss ,

an d h erb s sp r i n g v ari o u s w i t h each fo r m an d co l o u r .

6 C el esti al regard ed as div in e as soo n as h e is sel ect ed for sacrifi ce .

S tr o ng w ing ed e are d t o p as s rap idl y t o h eaven

p p
r
-
.

9 I n t h e seco n d h e m ist ich t h e vi ct im is addresse d T h e sacrifi ce d .

an im al is im m e diat el y t ran sp o rt ed t o h eav en Sim il arl y t h e H o rse is .

ad dre ssed ( R ig ved a I 1 62 N0 , h ere th o u d iest n o t , t h o u art

. .

j
n o t in u red; by easy p at h s u n t o t h e Gods t ho u goe st
’
A d etai l ed .

acco un t o f th e Sacri fi ce o f th e Go at is gi ven in A t harva v eda I X 5 -

. .

T h e h ym n is a a
p y
r er or charm to haste n th e co m in g o f t h e
r io d ical R ai
p e

1 B ul l : Par j anya : t h e God o f t h e t h un dero us rain -cl ou d . See I .

H YM N T H E A T H A R V A VE DA -
. 1 51

3 Cau se i to se e the gath er i n g vap o u rs : o u t

u s w ho s n g
b u r st i n m an y a p l ace th e r u sh o f w at e rs !
L e t fi o o ds o f rai n r e fr e sh th e g r o u nd w i t h g l adne ss
'

an d h e rb s sp r i n g v ari o us w i t h e ac h fo r m an d c o l o u r .

4: A p art , P arjan ya l l et th e t ro o p s . of M ar u ts, r o ari n g,

sw e ll t h e so n
g .

L e t p o u r i n g t o rr en ts
.
o f th e rai n th at rai n e t h . r a n i
u p o n t h e eart h .

5 Up fro m th e li ft y ou r
dr ead m igh t, ye M ar u ts
"

sea
r
.

as li g h t an d sp l e n d o u r , se n d t h e v a o u r u w ar d !
p p
L e t w at e rs sati sfy th e e ar th t h e vo i ces o f th e g reat , .

m i st e n v e l o e d B u l l w h o r o ar e t h
p
-
.

R o ar , t h u n der , se t th e se a i n ag itat i o n , b ede w th e

r o u n d w i th t h w t ai P a ja y a
g y s e e r n ,
r n

S e n d p l e nt e o us sh o w e rs o n h im w h o se e k e t h sh el t er , .

an d l e t th e o w n er o f l e an ki n e go h o m e w ard .

7 L et th e M aru ts, l e t t h e sp r i ng s an d ce il i n g
bo o n
se r e n ts t e n d u w ll
p y o e .

U rg ed by t h e M aru t s l e t the cl o u ds p o u r do w n t h e i r
.

u po n the e ar t h:

8 L et li gh t n i n g flash o n e v ery s i de : fr o m all th e

r e i o n s bl o w t h e w i n ds !
g
U rge d b y t h e M ar u ts l e t th e cl o u ds p o u r do w n t h e i r
r ai n u th e eart h
p on .

9 M ay w ate r s,
.
ligh tn i n g , c o u d , an
l d ra n , i bo o n s
p i
r ngs
:

an d se rp e n t s
t e n d y o u w e ll .

Urg e d by t h e M aru ts l et t h e c o u ds
l p o ur do wn th e ir
r ai n u o n t h e e ar th;
p

4 Of th e r ai n that r ai neth r ai n o ar sh dsg a vdr sh a to vdr sha n tu .

6 T he ow ner o f l ean ki ne w h o, as g rass w il l im m ediat el y sp rin g u

p,
ne ed n o l o n g er sear ch fo r p ast u re fo r his cat t l e .

7 T he sp ri ng s t h e fo u n tains o f h eaven C oi l i ng . serp en ts aj agar di

l it erall y , g o at swa l l o-
w ers py t h o ns ; l o ng fan tast ic shap ed W -
.

of cl o u d.
 1 52 T H E H YM NS or [ BOOK 17 .

1 0 M ay h e w h o h at h b e co m e t h e p l an ts h i gh
’
re e n t,
g
su it i n
g o u r b o d i e s, A g n i o f t h e W at e r s,

M ay Jatave das se n d u s r ai n fro m h eaven , A m r i t an d

v i t al b r e at h t o e ar t h ly cr e at u r es .

11 S e n di n g u
p w ate rs f ro m t h e fl o o d an d o cean P raj a
p at i m o ve th e se a to ag i tat i o n !
F o r th fl o w t h e m o i stu re o f t h e v igo r o u s stalli o n !
W i t h t h is t h y r o ar o f th u n de r co m e t h o u h i th e r ,

1 2 O u r F at h e r L o rd di v i n e ,
c u ri n
g t h e t o rr e n t s L et .

t h e st r e am s b re at h e O aru na o f th e w at e rs , , .

P o u r t he fl o o ds do w n al o n g th e bro o k s an d ch an n e l s
l e t fr o g s w i th sp e ck l e d ar m s sen d o u t t h e i r v o i ce s .

1 3 T h e y w h o l ay q u i e t fo r a y e ar t h e B ra h m an s w h o ,

f u l fil t h e i r v o w s ,

T h e fro gs h av e li ft e d u p th e i r v o i ce t h e v o i ce P ar
, ,

j anya h at h i n sp i r e d .

1 4 S p e ak fo rt h a w e l co m e fe m al e fro g ! Do t h o u , ,

O fro g acc o st t he rai n

,
.

S t re t ch t h y fo u r fe e t ap art an d sw i m sw i m i n t he , ,

m i dd l e o f t h e l ak e .

1 0 T he p l an ts high regen t : H ( g )
A i r i p en s l o f ev ery fo rm
’
e n p an t s

an d n at ure (R g
i v e d a 88 X . . Of the Water s A gn i is cal l ed ap am
n ap d t, Offsp ri n g of t he Water s , as b ein g b o rn in t h e shap e o f l igh t n in g
fro m t h e w at e ry cl o u ds .

1 1 T he vig o r ous stal l i on t he fert il izing rai n - cl o u d . Si m i l arl y

Sen d do wn fo r t he rain o f h eav en , ye M aru ts, an d l et t h e stall io n s
’
us

st ream s desce n d in t o rren ts ’

( R i gv eda V 83 . T h e l as t p hda o f
.

t h is stan za 1 1 an d t h e fi rst p il da o f t h at w h i ch fo ll o w s m ak e u p t h e

seco n d h em ist ich o f t h e R igv eda stan za referred to, Par ja

n
y a b e in g
t h e Go d addressed .

1 3 T he stanza is tak en fro m Rg

i v eda V II . 103 . 1 . I n t h at h ym n
t h e frogs j
re o ici n
g in t h e fall of t h e p eriod ical R ai n s aft er t h e l o n g
d ro u gh t are re re se n t ed
p as Bri hm an s b usil y em l ed i n t h e p er
p yo

fo rm an ce o f re l ig io us cerem o n ie s .
we w e H YM N S or ’

[fl o or m .

If o n e sh o u ld
fl e e afar b e y o n d th e h eave n , K i ng
V aru na w o u l d st ill b e r o u n d ab o u t him .

Pro ce e di n g h i the r fr o m t h e sk y h is e n v o y s l o o k ,
t h o u san d ey e d, o v e r t h e ear th b e n e at h t he m
-
.

5 A ll th i s th e V ar u na b e h o l de t h , al l b e tw ee n
ro yal
h e av e n an d e ar t h an d al l b e y o n d t h e m . .

T h e t w i n k li ngs o f m e n s e ye li ds h at h b e co u n t e d A s
’
.

o n e w h o p l ay s t hro w s di c e h e se tt l e s al l t h i n s
g .

Th o se fatal sn ar e s o f t h i n e w h i ch stan d e x t e n ded ,

th re e fo l d, O V aru na, se v e n by se v e n ,
M ay t he y al l c at ch th e m an w h o t e ll s a fal se h o o d, an d
‘

ass u n h ar m e d t h e m an w h o se w o rds ar e t r u t h fu l
p .

7 V h im ith h u n dr e d ! M
’
ar u na, sn ar e w a n o o se s an s
w at ch e r ! l e t n o t h i m w h o li e s e scap e t h e e .

T h e r e l e t t h e v ill ai n sit w i th h ang i n be lly an d b an d

ag e d li k e a c ask w h o se h o o p s are rc hen i .

4 H i s en voys V aru na s sp ies, m e sse n gers, o r an g el s a re p erh ap s t h e

’

o t h er A di t yas See R ig v eda I 25 1 3, an d V I I 8 7 3

. . . . . .

7 Sn ar e hi m m in e en em y L ike a cash sw o l l en w ith dro p sy an d

‘
.

b an daged ro u n d as a cask o r ch est is b o u n d w i t h h oo p s o r b an ds .

Dro p sy , or so m e sim i l ar d isease seem s t o hav e b een esp e cial l y regard ed

as a p u n ish m en t se n t b y V ar u na So a su fferer ad d resses V aru na ( Big
.

v eda V I I 8 9 2)
. . Wh en I m o v e al o n g , t rem u l o u s l ik e a w in d
b l o wn sk in , H ave m ercy, sp are m e, m igh ty Lo rd See im m er, A I Z . ..

Leb en , p 39 2
. .

Dr M ui r s t ransl at ion of Pro fessor R o t h rem ark s on this

’ ’
I b orro w . s .

T h ere is n o h ym n in th e w h ol e V ed ic l it erat u re w h ich exp resses

t h e di v in e o m n iscie n ce in su ch fo r ci b l e t e rm s as t h is an d y et t h is
b eau t ifu l descrip t io n h as b ee n de grad ed in t o an i n t rod u ct io n t o an im
p recat io n B. u t in t h i s, as in m an y o t h er p assages o f t h is V eda, it is

n at u r al t o co n j ect ur e t h at ex ist in g fragm e n t s o f o l de r h ym n s h av e

b ee n u sed t o deck o u t m ag ical fo rm u l as T h e fi rst fi v e o r ev en six

.

v erses o f t h is h ym n m ig h t b e reg ard ed as a frag m en t o f t h is so rt

’
.

T h e h y m n h as b ee t a l
s t ed,
a w h ll i a t — t a as 1 — 6
n r n o y o r n
p r s n z

b y vo n R o th , A b h an dl u n g ii b er den A th ar va veda, p 29 b y M u i r, O S -
. . .

T ext s, V 63 b y Kasgi , Der R igv ed a, 8 9 b y M ax M ul l er, C h ip s fro m

.

a Ge rm an Wo rk sh o p , I 4 1 ; b y Lu d w i g, De r R ig v eda, I I I p 38 8
. . .

an d b y Gril l , w it h an n o tatio ns, H u n dert Liede r, p p 32 1 26 . . .

H YM N T H E A T H A R V A VE DA -
. 1 55

8 V aru na se n ds, an d dr i v e s aw a y , di seases : V aru na i s

both i
n at ve an d a st ran g e r ,

V ar u na i s ce est a an d l i l is h u m an .

9 I bi n d h o l d t h e e fast w i t h al l th e se n o o ses, t h o u
an d
so n o f su ch a m an an d su ch a m o t h e r .

A l l t h e se do I assi gn t hee as t h y p o r t i o n .

HYMN XV II .

Wr . h o l d th e e , C o n q u eri n g On e th e q u e e n
se ze an d
i
o f m e d i c i n es t h at h e al .

0 Pl an t, I hav e en do w ed t h ee w i t h a h u n dred p o w e rs
fo r e v ery m an .

2 St ill q u er i n g b an i sh i n g t h e cu rse
co n , , m i g h ty ,
i
w th
t h y r e v er t ed bl o o m ,

T h ee an d al l Pl an ts h av e I i n vok ed : H en c e l e t it
sav e u s ! w as m y p ray er .

3 Sh e w h o h ath cu r se d u s w i th a cu rse ,
or h ath co n

c e i ve d a m u rde r o u s si n ,

Or se z e d o u r so n
i t o tak e h is bl o o d , m ay sh e dev o u r
the il d sh e bar e
ch .

4 W h at m ag i c t h ey h av e w r o u gh t fo r th ee in di sh n u
bak ed o r bu r n t dark re d -
,

W h at t h e y h av e w r o u gh t in fl esh u n dressed c o n ,
-

q u er th e so rcer er s t h erew i th .

5 I II dream an d w ret ch edn ess o f life R a k sh asa m o n ster , , ,

st i n y b a s
g g ,

A l l t h e sh e fi e n ds o f ev il n am e an d vo i ce w e dr i v e
-
,

aw ay fr o m u s .

T h e h ym n is a charm , addressed t o a p l an t en do w ed w it h m agi cal

v irt u es, t o secure im m u n it

y fro m vario us k in ds o f evi l , an d resto rat i on

of h eal t h .

1 C on qu eri ng 0m t h e m agi cal p l an t is addressed .

2 Wi th thy r ever ted bl oom : see stan za 6, n o te .

3 T h e st anza is repeat ed fro m I 28 3 . . .

5 S ti ngy hays A rayis ; see I 28 4,

. . n o te .
1 56 T H E g r am s or [ 8 00K I V :

6 D e ath c au se dfam i n e , cau sed by th i rst , fail u r e o f

by
ch il dr e n ,
l o ss o f k i n e ,
W ith th ee , O A p fiim arg a, al l t h i s il l w e cl ean se an d
w i p e aw a y .

7 D e ath cau sed by t hi rst , de at h cau sed by str e ss o f

h u n ger , l o ss at p l ay w i t h d ice ,
A l l t h i s, 0 A p fim arga, w i t h t hi n e aid w e cl e an se an d
W l p e aw ay .

T h e A p am firga is l th e so v ran o f al l Pl an ts t h at
‘

a o ne
ro w
g .

W i th th i s w e w i pe aw a y w hate e r
’
ha th fall e n on
t h ee g o i n h e al t h !
H YM N X V III .

TH E m o o n l igh t eq u al l e t h the su n , n i gh t is t h e i
r val;

of t he day .

I m ak e e ffe ct u a l p o w e r m y h e l p l et i
m ag c ar t s be
i m p o te n t .

G o ds ! if ke an d br i ng ll ’
2 o ne m a a sp e o n so m e m an s
h o u se w h o k n o w s it n o t,

C l o se as t h e cal f t h at su c k s .
the co w m ay it r e v ert
an d c li n g t o h i m .

6 A p dm drga ( fro m m y ] , t o cl eanse o r w i p e, w it h ap a a) A chy

ra n t h e s A sp e ra, a b i en n i a l p l an t f re q u e n t l y u sed i n i n c a n t a t io n s, i n

m e d ic i n e , i n w a sh i n g l i n e n , a n d i n s ac r i fi c e s , a n d st i ll b e l i e v e d to h ave
t h e p o w e r o f m a k i n g m e n p roo f a g a in s t t h e st in g s o f sco r
p i o n s I t i s . ,

cal l ed al so p ar d kp u ehp i , p r aty akp u kp i , an d p f aty akp ar g zi fr m t he

s o
IV 1 . 9 4 ,
. 7 ; V I 1 2 9
. 3 ; an d V I I
. 65 l ,
. .

7 We cl ean se an d w ip e aw ay ap a m zijm dke see n ot e o n sta n za 6

'
.

8 On thee so m e sick m an i s add ressed .

T h e h ym n has b e en t ran sl at ed b y im m er, A I Leb en , p 66 an d, Z . . .

w i th an n o t a t io ns , b y Gril l , H u n d e r t L ied er , pp 37 , 1 30 . .

T h e hy m n is a co u n t e r-
ch arm agai n st t h e m ag ical in can tat io n s o f o t h ers .

1 T h e m ean in g is l igh t ed b y th is f u l l m oo n w hi ch m ak es t h e n igh t

b
as r g i h t a s d ay, I g at h e r a p l an t w h os e e ffi c acy i s un d o u b t e d, w h ic h
sh al l c o u n t e ra ct t h e m ag i cal p r a ct ice s o f m al i gn an t fi e n d s a n d s o r ce re rs .

2 M ay i t r ever t an al l u sio n to th e reverted l eaves o f th e p l an t u sed

in t h e i n can tat io n : see I V 1 7 6, n o te . . .
1 58 T H E 17 m m or [ B o o s I r .

th e so rc e r e r s
’
o fls lik e
'

So bru i se p r i g
n , a r e ed t h at
ro w e th i n t h e R ai n s
g .

2 Th o u h ast b e e n bl esse d w thi bl essi n g by th e B rah

m an , Kanv a N arsh ada .

Th o u fl iest li k e a fl ash i ng dar t : t h ere is n o fear o r

dan g e r Pl an t ! w i th i n t h e li m i t o f t h y r an g e
, .

’
3 Ill u m i n i n g as tw e re w i th ligh t th o u m o v e st at th e
, , ,

h e ad o f p l an ts .

T h e sav i o u r o f t h e si m p l e m an ar t th o u an d sl ay er ,

o f t h e fi e n ds .

4 A s o n ce w h e n t i m e b egan th e G o ds w i th t h e e ex
e ll e d t he A su ras,
p
E v e n t h e n ce , 0 Pl an t , w ast th o u p r o du ce d as o n e
w h o w i p es an d sw e e p s aw a y .

5 T h y fath e r
’
s n am e w as Cl e aver Th o u . w th th o u san d
i
bran ch e s cl eave st al l .

D o t h o u t u r n e d back w ard
, ,
c eav e an d r e n d
l th e m an
w h o t reat et h u s as fo es .

6 T he ev il
p s ran
g fro m e art h it m o u n ts t o h eav en an d
sp r e ads t o v ast e x t e n t .

R e ve rt e d , sh ak i n g hi m w i th m i gh t , th e n ce on i ts
m ak er l et i t fall .

2 Kaqw a N dr shada : a B ,
ish i so n o f N n shad T h e cel e b rat ed Kanva
o f t h e R ig ved a w as t h e so n of Gh o ra . T he t wo n am e-w o rd s, w h ich
m ar t h e m et ro o f t h e h em isti ch , ap p ear, as Gril l o b served t o b e an in
t erp o l ate d gl o ss .

4 E xp el l ed the A su r as I n dra s vi cto ry o ver t h e A su ras o r h ost il e

’

dem o ns is at t rib u ted t o t h e str en gt h en in g p o w er o f a no t h er p l an t,

Path, in II 27 4 One w ho wip es an d sweep s away ap dm drgds u sed
. .

h ere as an ap p ell at i ve .

5 Wi th tho usan d br anches th e v irt u es an d p o w e rs ascrib ed t o a p l an t

are usu al l y in p ro p o rt io n t o t h e ab u n dan ce o f i ts roo ts o r b ran ch es .

T u r ned backwar d h avi ng re ve rt ed or re t rofract ed l eaves an d

fl o w ers : see IV . 1 7 6, . n o t e.

6 T he evi l : the s el l
p wh ich t h e charm is to coun t eract.
a rm T H E A T H A R V A V E DA -
. 1 59

F o r t h o u h ast g ro w n rev e rt e d, an d tu rn ed back w ar d

al so i s t h y fr u i t .

R e m o v e al l c u rse s far fro m m e, k ee p m o st re m o t e

t h e stro k e o f d e at h .

8 Pr e ser v e m e w i th a h u n dred, yea, p ro te ct m e w i th a

t h o u san d ai ds .

M ay m i g h t y I n dra, Lo rd o f Plan ts ! g i v e st o re of

stre n gt h an d p ow er t o t h e e .

HYMN XX .

Ir see s i n fro nt, i t se es beh i n d ,

it se es afar aw a y ,

T h e sk y th e fi r m am , e n t, an d eart h : al l t h i s, 0 Go d
dess, i t b e h o l ds .

2 T hro ugh th e e , O go dli k e Pl an t , m ay I b eh o l d al l

cr e atu r e s t h at e x i st ,

Th r ee se v e ral h eav e n s, t h r ee se veral earth s, an d

th ese si x reg i o n s o n e by o n e .

8 T hou san d aid s wi th referen ce to t h e t ho usan d b ran ch es of the

pl an t ( st an za

T h e hy m n has b een t ransl at ed, w ith an n ot ati ons, b y Grill , H un dert

Lieder, p p 34 , 1 32
. .

T h e h ym n is a charm , addressed t o a m agical p l an t , fo r t h e ac qu isi

t ion o f su p erh u m an po w ers o f sigh t .

1 I t t h e m agi cal p l an t 0 Goddess t h e di vin e p l an t is direct l y

.

addressed, an d al so spo k en o f in t h e t h ird p e rso n T h e p l an t is said b y .

Daril a t o b e t h e sadam p u shp d ( Sem p erflo ren s, E ver b l oo m in g ) n o t yet -

ide n t ifi ed . I ts vi rt u es r esem b l e th ose at t rib u ted in En g l an d t o

E u p h rasy or Eyeb ri gh t, t h e p l an t w i t h w h ich , to g et h er w i th R u e an d
t h re e d ro p s fro m th e w ell o f Life t h e A rch an g el M ichael p u rg ed t h e
A dam ( P di L X an d
’
visual n erve of ara se o st , I . en ab l ed hi m to
l oo k in t o t h e d istan t fu t u re .

2 T hr ee sever al heaven s t h e w o rl d is d ivided in to eart h , sk y, an d

h eaven an d each o f t h ese, again , is fre

y qu en t l spo k en o f in t h e Bg
i .

v ed a as th reefo l d . See Wall is, C osm o l ogy o f th e R igv eda, p 1 1 4 . . Si r

r eg i on s t h e fo ur q
u arters of t h e h eavens with th e zeni th an d th e n adi r .
 1 60 m s m u ms or [ BOOK Iv .

3 T h e p u p il , v eri l y , art t h o u o f t h at ce l e st ial E ag l e

’
s e ye .

O n e ar th h ast t h o u ali g h te d as a w eary w o m an see k s

h er c o u ch .

T h e G o d w h o h at h a t h o u san d e y es gi v e m e th i s
Pl an t i n m y rig h t h an d 1
I l o o k o n e v ery o n e t h e re w i th , each S fi dra an d each
A ry an m an .

5 M ak e m an i fe st t h e fo r m s o f t h i ngs ; h i de n o t t h e i r
e sse n c e s fro m si g ht .

A n d , t h o u w ho h ast a th o u san d ey e s, l o o k t h e Ki m !
d i n s i n t h e face .

6 M ak e m e se e Y atu d h anas, m ak e t h o u Y dt u d hfi ni s
i ibl e
v s .

M ak e m e se e al l P isach as W i t h th i s p ray e r, 0 Pl an t, .

I h o ld th e e fast .

7 T h o u ar t t he sigh t o f K asy ap a an d o f t h e b o u n d w h o
h at h fo u r ey e s .

M ak e th e P isach a m an i fe st as Sury a w h e n h e r i des

at n o o n .

3 T he E agl e is Garu t m én , t h e Su n C o uch : w hyd m ( fro m

cel esti al .

aah , t o c a r r
y) ; o r ig i n al l y, a p o rt ab l e b ed o r l it t er .

4 T he G o d w h o h a t h a th ou s a n d e y es I n d r a ; as h e i s ch i e f R eg en t
of t h e at m o sp h e re , h is co u n t l ess e y e s m a y b e t h e st ar s S e am a n d .

cl ass, an d of t h e t h ree h igh er

e an m en of t h e l ab ou rin g m en

cl asses, t h at is Brahm an s ( t h e p ri est l y cast e) , R i jan yas o r Ksh at riyas

h regal an d m ili tary cast e ) , an d V ai s ( h b d an d tr ades
( t e y as u s an m en

T h e fo u r cast es are m e n t io n ed o n l y o n ce i n t h e R ig veda

m en ) .

( X 9.0 .Se e M u i r, O S T e xts, I I 368 ; Lu dw ig, De r R ig v e da,

. . .

I II 2 1 2.
; im m e r Z
, A l t i n d isch e s L e b e n , pp
1 1 7 sqq , 204 , 21 6, 4 35 . . .

5 Ki m id i n s see I 7 l . . .

6 see I 7 1
. . 8 1 . . P i sachas : see I 16 3
. . .

7 Kasyap a o n e o f a cl ass i d iv i n e sp irit s o r gen u co n n ect ed

of se m -

w it h o r re gu l at i n g t h e co u rse o f t h e S u n F ou r ey es : t h a t is , p
. ro b ab l y,
tw o y e es w it h a l arg e sp o t a b o v e e a ch C f A n d t h o se . t w o d o g
. s o f
th i n e ,
Y a m a ! t h e w a t ch e rs ,
fo u r e y e d , w h o l oo k o-
n m e n a n d g u a r d
t h e p a t h w ay (R g
’
i ve d a 1 4 X . T h e s u b.s ta n t i v e in t h e t ex t i s

su n yds, b itc h
'

fe m in in e, .
1 62 T H E A T H A R V A VE DA -
.
[ BOO K I V .

’
4 T he h arge r w i th h is du sty b r o w o er tak es t h e m n o t ,
c

an d n e ve r t o t h e sh am bl e s do t h e y t ak e t h e i r w ay .

T h ese C o w s, t h e cat t l e o f t he p i o u s w o rsh i p p er , ro am

o ve r w i de s re ad a st u r e w h e r e n o dan e r i s
p p g
-
.

5 T o m e t h e C o w s se e m B h aga, t h e y se e m I n dra,
t h e y se e m a p o rt i o n o f t h e fi rst p o u r e d S o m a -
.

T h e se p re se n t C o w s, t h ey , 0 ye m e n , are I n dr a .

I l o n g fo r I n dra w i t h m y h eart an d sp i r i t .

6 O Co ws fat te n t h e w o r n an d w aste d, an d
’
, y e e en

m ak e t h e u n o v e l ly b e au t i fu l t o l o o k o n .

P r o sp e r y h m
om e,
y e w i t h au s i c i o u s v o i c es ! Y o u r
p
p o w e r i s m ag n ifi e d i n o u r asse m bli es .

7 I n g o o dly p ast u r ag e , b r i g h t h u e d , p ro lifi c, dr i n k i ng -

w at e r at fai r d ri n k i n l a
p u re
g p c es -
,

N e v e r b e t h i e f o r si n fu l m an y o u r m ast er, an d m ay
t h e dart o f R u dra st ill avo i d yo u

B YM N
XXII .

E X A LT an d stre n gth e n t h i s m y Pr i n ce 0 I n dra ,

.

M ak e h i m so l e l o r d an d l e ade r o f th e p e o p l e .

S catt e r h is fo e s de li ve r al l h is ri val s i n t o h is h an d in
,

st r u g l e s fo r re c e d e n c e
g p .

2 Gi ve h i m a sh are i n v ill ag e k i n e an d h o rses an d , , ,

l eave h is e n e m y w i t h o u t a p o rt i o n .

4 T h e charger o er takes
’
them n o t t h ey are n o t, o r, acco rd in g to
Sfiyana, l et t h em n ot b e, carri ed o ff in p redato ry in cu rsions .

5 T he o w n er of t he co w s regards t h em as t h e d eit ies Bh aga an d

I n dra, t h e rep rese n tat iv es o f p ro sp e rit y an d p o w er T hey seem . a p or
ti o n t h e ir m il k is as p l easan t an d e ffi cac io us as So m a u i ce j . T h ey ,
0 ye m en , ar e I nd r a an im itat io n of th e r efrain , H e, 0 yo m en ,
is I n d ra ( R igv eda I I
’
.

7 R u dr a : see n ot e o n I 19 3
. . .

T h e h ym n is a b en ed ict ion o n a n ew l y co n secrat ed Kin g -

.

1 P r i nce leshatr i yam r u l er, a

pp l i e d i n t h e R ig v e da t o V ar u a
n ,
Mi t ra, an d o t h er Gods h ere m ean in g a Prin ce o r Kin g .
H YM N T H E A T H A R VA VE DA -
. 1 63

L et h im K i ng b e h ead an d c h ie f o f P r i nc es Gi ve
as .

u
p t o h im 0 I n dra e v e ry fo e m an
, , .

3 L e t h i m b e t reasu r e l o r d o f go o d ly tr easu re s l et hi m
-
,

as K i n g b e m as te r o f t h e p e o p l e .

G ran t u n t o h i m g reat p o w e r an d m i gh t O I n dra , ,

an d st ri p his e n e m y o f st r e n g t h an d v i o u r
g .

4 Li k e m ilc h k i n e yi e l di n g m il k fo r w ar m li bat i o n s p o u r
-
, ,

H e av e n an d E arth ! o n h i m fu ll m an y a bl e ssi n g .

M ay h e as K i n g b e I n d ra s w e ll b e l o ved t h e dar li ng
’
-
,

o f th e k i n e t h e l an t s t h e cat t l e
p , , .

5 I j o i n in l eag u e w i th t h e e v i c to r i o u s I n dra w i th ,

w ho m m en c o n q u er an d ar e n e e r de fe at e d
’
.

H e sh al l m ak e t h e e t h e fo l k s so l e l o rd an d l eade r
’

sh al l m ak e t he e h i h e st o f al l h u m an r u l e r s
g .

6 S u p re m e ar t t h o u b e n e at h t h e e ar e t h y r i val s, ,

an d al l 0 K i n g w h o w e re t h i n e ad v e rsari e s
, , .

S o l e l o rd an d l e ade r an d al li e d w i t h I n dra b ri ng , ,

co n q u er o r th f d n d t reasu r e s
’

y o em e n s
, g o o s a .

7 C o n su m e w i t h li o n asp ect al l t h e i r h am l e ts w i th
, , ,

t ig e r asp ec t dr i ve aw ay t h y fo e m e n
, .

So l e l o rd an d l e ade r an d alli ed w i t h I n dra se i ze co n , ,

q u e re r th i n e e n e m i e s p o sse ssi o n s
,
’
.

H Y M N XXIII .

I m x m y h eart o n w i se an d an c i e n t A g n i th e F i ve ,

T r ibe s L o rd i n m an y a p l ac e e n k i n dl ed
’

,
.

2 Of P r i n ces b ers o f t h e sam e regal fam il y C f

m em Gi ve h i m . .

o n g h is k in sm en ( I 9
’
h igh est ran k am . .

5 I n th is an d t h e t w o fo l l o w i n g st an zas t h e Kin g is ad d ressed .

T h e h y m n h as b een t ran sl at ed b y L u d w ig, Der R ig ved a, I I I 4 57 .

by Z i m m er, A l t in d isch es Le b en , p 1 65 an d, w it h an n o tat io n s, b y .

Gr ill , H u n d e rt Lieder, pp 67 , 1 35 . .

T h e hy m n is a m agn ifi cat io n o f A gn i an d a p rayer fo r h is p ro t ect io n .

1 T he F i ve T r i bes L o r d : t h e sp ec ial t u t el ary d ei ty o f t h e F iv e

’

A ryan T ri b es See I I 2 1 , n o t e
. . . .

Bu t, fo r o t h e r o p in io n s reg ard in g t h e fi ve peo p l es, races, or tr ib es,

se c M u ir, O S T e xts, I I p p 1 7 6 sqq
. . . . .
1 64 T H E g r a ms or [B O OK I r .

We se e k hi m w ho h at h e n t e r ed al l o u r h o u ses . M ay
fro m g r i e f an d t r o u b l e
h e de li v e r us .

2 A s t h o u co n v e y e st o ffe r i n g s, Jfi tave das ! an d fash i o n

e st t h e sac rifi c e w i t h k n o w l e dg e ,

b e ar t ho u t o t h e Go ds t h e p ray e r w e u tt er M ay
So .

h e de li v e r u s fr o m gr i e f an d t r o u bl e .

3 I p ray t o A g n i i n e ac h act su ccessfu l e m p l o y ed ,

i n e v e ry sacr ifi c e th e st ro n ge st , ,

Fi e n d slay er serv e d w i t h fat n ess stre n gth e n i n g

-
, ,

w o rsh i p M ay h e de li v e r u s fr o m g r i ef an d t r o u bl e
. .

4 W e i n v o k e t h e o bl at i o n b eare r w e ll b o r n A g ni -
,
-

Jfi tav e das
H i m V aisv an ar a al m igh t y M ay h e se t u s fre e fro m
, , .

t r o u bl e .

5 W i t h w h o m as fri e n d th e R i sh i s gav e th e i r p o w e r
n e w sp l e n d o u r w i t h w h o m t h ey k e p t al o o f t h e
,

A su ras de v i ces
’

A g n i w i t h w h o m I n dra su bdu ed t he Pani s M ay h e

, , .

de li v e r u s fro m g r i e f an d t r o u bl e .

6 T h r ou gh w h o m t h e G o d s di sco v e re d li fe e t e r n al
, ,

t h ro u g h w h o m t h e y st o re d t he p l an t s w i t h p l easan t
j u i ces ,

T h r o u gh w h o m the y b ro u gh t to m en th e l igh t o f
h eave n M ay h e de li ve r u s fro m g ri e f an d tr o u bl e
. .

7 I su, pp li a n t p r ai se an d e v e r call o n A
, g n i s o l e L o rd ,

o f all t h i s w o r l d o f al l t h at sh i n e th , ,

O f w h at e x i sts an d sh all e x i st h e reafter M ay h e .

de li ve r u s fr o m gr i e f an d t ro u bl e .

5 T he {ti shi s an cie nt sai n t s an d sag e s, b ards an d sco re o f t h e sacre d

h ym ns of t he Rg i v e da P an i s a c.l as s of d em ons o f dar k n ess w h o

steal t h e co w s o f t h e Gods an d sh u t t h e m u
p i n cave rn s, t h at is, co n

coal the rays o f day l igh t i n dark cl o u ds . See H ym n s o f t h e R ig veda,

Gen eral I n dex 1 1 .

6 Di scovered l ife etern al : w ere m ad e im m o rtal . Se c I I 1 5 . . . Stor ed

th e p l an ts A gn i is said t o b rin g al l p l an ts to m at u r ity .
1 66 THE 3m m or [ B OOK 1 7 .

7 S tr o n g l eade th h o sts t o m eet fo r bat tl e

L o rd ,
who ,

w h o se n de t h r i ch e s b o t h o f e ar t h an d h e av e n ,

I su p p li an t p rai se an d e v e r c all o n I n dra M ay h e

, , .

d e li ver u s fro m g ri e f an d t ro u bl e .

H YM N X XV .

I T H INK o n V ay u s an d S av i t ar holy i te s t w ai n
’ ’
s r , y e

w ho p e n e t rat e an d
g u ard li v i ng w o rl d
the
Ye hav e c o m e t o b e t h i s A ll s p e r vade r s d e li v e r
’
w ho ,

u s,
y e t w o, fr o m g r ie f an d t r o u bl e .

2 Ye w h o h av e h e e ar t h s e x an se s, an d
co u n ted
’

p t p u

i n t h e sk y sm o o t h e d o u t t h e ai r s m id r e g i o n ,
’
-

W h o se g o i n g fo r th h at h n e e r b e e n re ach e d by an y,
-
’

d e li ver u s, y e t w o , fr o m g r i e f an d t ro u bl e .

3 B eau te o u sl y b r i gh t ! m e n r e st i n th y do m i n i o n w h en
t h o u h ast ri se n u p an d h ast e n e d o n w ard .

Y e , V Ayu , Sav i tar , p r e se r v e al l c r e at u re s D e li ver u s, .

y e t w ai n ,
fr o m g r i e f an d t r o u b l e .

4 H V Qy u , S av i tar , dr i v e e v il ac t i o n , ch ase S im idfi

e n ce , .

aw ay , dri v e o ff t h e d e m o n s .

Y e g i ve u s sto r e o f e n e r gy an d po w er D e li ver u s, .

y e t w ai n ,
fr o m g r i e f an d t r o u b l e .

5 O f th e ir l e t Sav i t ar an d V it y u sen d
own l
se v e s

favo u rabl e stre n g t h an d w e al t h an d p l e n t y .

H e re g i v e u s p e r fe ct fre edo m fr o m c o n su m p t i o n .

D e li ve r u s, y e t w ai n , fr o m g r i e f an d t r o u bl e .

6 Y e , Sav i t ar an d V a y u , t o assi st u s, e nj o y t h e hy m n
an d t h e de li g h t f u l c h e e r e r .

C o m e h i t h e r do w n w ard fro m th e st ream o f bl essi ng .

D e li ve r u s, y e t w ai n , fr o m g r i e f an d t r o u bl e .

A h ym n of p raise an d p ra er
y to V fiy u Go d of Win d an d Sav itar t he
Su n God
-
.

4 Si m i dd app aren t l y a fem al e dem o n , o r a d isease att r ib u t e d to h er

m al e v o l en ce .
‘
M ay all t h e r iv ers k ee
p u s fr e e fro m S im id i ( R igv eda
’
.

V II 50
. .

6 C heer er : t h e e xh il arat i n g So m a j u ice T he str eam of bl essing

.

t h e fi rm am en t an d h eaven w h en ce rain an d o t h er b l essin gs fl o w .

 T H E A T H A R V A V E DA
’
H YM N -
. 1 67

7 Li k e n o bl e st b e n i so n s t h ey h av e stay ed i n th e Go d
l o v i n g m an s ab o de ’
.

I g l o r i fy b ri gh t S av i tar an d V ay u . D el i ve r u s,
t w ai n fr o m r i e f an d t r o u bl e
y e , g .

H Y M N XXV I .

O H E A V E N an d E ar th , I t h i n k o n yo u , w i se , g i v ers o f
ab u n dan t g i ft s, y e w h o t h r o u
g h m e a su r e l e ss

e x an se s h av e sp r e ad fo r t h
p .

F o r y e ar e se ats an d h o m e s o f g o o dly t reasu re s .

D e li v e r u s, y e t w ai n fr o m gr i e f an d t ro u bl e .

2 Y e a, se at s an d h o m es ar e y e o f g o o dly t r easu r e s,
r o w n st ro n g , d i v i n e , bl e ssed , an d far e x t e n d i n
g g
-
.

T o m e , 0 H e av e n an d E ar th , b e y e au sp i ci o u s .

D e li v e r u s, y e t w ai n fro m gr i e f an d t ro u bl e
, .

3 I call o n y o u w h o w ar m an d cau se n o so rro w , de e p ,

s ac i o u s m e e t t o b e ad o r e d by o e ts
p , p .

T o m e , 0 H e av e n an d E ar t h, b e y e au sp i c i o u s .

D e li v e r u s y e t w ai n , fro m g r i e f an d t ro u bl e
, .

Y e w h o m ai n t ai n A m r i t an d sacr ifi ce s, y e w h o su p
o r t r i v e rs an d h u m an b e i n s,
p g
T o m e , 0 H e av e n an d E ar t h , b e y e au sp i c i o u s .

D e li v e r u s, y e t w ai n , fro m g ri e f an d tr o u bl e .

5 Y o by w h o m c o w s an d fo re st t ree s are ch e r i sh ed,

w i t h i n w h o se r an g e al l c re at u re s ar e i n c l u d e d,
T o m e 0 H e av e n an d E ar t h , b e y e au sp i c i o u s
, .

D e li v e r u s y e t w ai n , fro m g ri e f an d t ro u bl e
, .

6 Y e w h o d e li g h t i n n ec tar an d i n fat n e ss, y e w i th o u t

w hom m en h av e n o st r e n
p g t h or o w er ,

T o m e , 0 H e av e n an d E ar t h , b e y e au sp i c i o u s .

D e li v e r u s ye t w ai n , fro m g r i e f an d t ro u bl e
, .

7 T h e g r i e f t h at p ai n s m e h e r e , w ho e v e r cau se d it,
n o t se n t by fat e h at h s r u n f r o m h u m an ac t i o n
p , g .

I , su p p li an t p rai se H e av e n , E art h , an d o ft i n v o k e
,

t h e m D e li v e r u s, y e t w ai n , fr o m g r i e f an d t ro u bl e
. .

A h y m n o f p raise an d p ray er t o H eaven an d Ear t h , t h e Paren ts o f al l .

4 A m r i t h ere m ean i n g t h e l ife gi vin g -

rain on w h ich t h e p er for

m an ce o f sacrifi ce s de p en ds .
 H Y M N XXV I I .

I T H I NK u p o nt h e M aru ts : m ay t he y bl e ss m e , m ay
t h e y assi st m e t o t h i s w eal t h i n b at t l e .

I call t h e m li k e sw i ft w e ll t rai n e d st e e ds t o h el p u s -
.

M ay t h e y de li v e r u s fro m gr i e f an d t r o u bl e .

2 T ho se faili n g fo u n tai n fo r
w h o su rr o u nd t h e ne v er -

e v e r an d b ede w t he p l an t s w i t h m o i st u re ,
,

T h e M aru ts, P rig n i s eo n s, I c h i efly h o n o u r M ay

’
.

t h e y de li ve r u s fro m g r i e f an d t ro u bl e .

3 B ards, w h o i n v i go r at e t h e m il k o f m il oh k i n e th e -
,

sa o f g r o w i n g p l an t s t h e sp e ed o f co u rse r s
p ,

T o u s m ay th e st ro n g M ar u t s b e au sp i c i o u s M ay .

t h e y d e li ve r u s fro m g r i e f an d t ro u bl e .

4 T h ey w h o rai sed w at er fro m t h e sea t o h eave n an d

d i t fro m t h e sky t o e art h i n sh o w e r s,
se n

T he M aru ts w h o m o v e m ig h ty w i th t h e i r w aters,
m ay t h e y d e li v e r u s fr o m g r i e f an d t ro u bl e .

5 T h ey who de li gh t i n n e c tar an d i n fat n e ss, t h e y

w ho b e sto wheal t h an d v i g o u r ,
u po n u s

T h e M aru t s w ho r ai n m i g h t y w i t h t h e i r w ate r s, m ay
t h e y de li ver u s fr o m g rie f an d t ro u bl e .

6 W he t he r w i t h st o r m y m i g ht t h e M aru ts stab l i sh ed
t h i s A l l o r G o ds w i t h t h e i r ce l est i al p o w e r
, ,

Y e k i n dl y G o ds ar e abl e t o r est o re i t
, , M ay th ey .

de li ve r u s fro m g ri e f an d t r o u bl e .

7 P o te n t in batt l e s is th e M aru ts ar m y i m p e t u o us
’

t r ain w e ll k n o w n e x c e e d i n g m i gh ty
,
-
, .

I su pp li an t p rai se an d o ft i n vo k e t h e M ar u ts M ay
, , .

t h e y de li ve r u s fr o m g r i e f an d t ro u bl e .

A h ym n o f pr aise and p raye r t o t h e M ar uts, t h e te rrib l e Go ds o f b at t l e;

sto rm , an d t e m p e st , an d t h e g racio u s se n de rs of t h e re fre sh in g rai n .

2 P ri sn i s so ns : t h e M ar u t s are t h e so n s o f R u d ra an d Prisn i, t h e
’

sp eck l ed cl o u d Sec I I 1 l T he n ever f ai l i n f ou n ta i n t h ai l oud

g e r n c
- -
. . . . .

3 B ar d s: ch an t e is o f t h eir t h u n d e r psal m w ith th e m -

u si c o f t he wi nds .

6 T o r esto r e i t : w it h se aso n ab l e rain .

7 P oten t i n battl es : see 1 11 1 2 . . .

1 70 T H E 11 m m or [ BO OK I V .

7 C o m fo rt an d aid u s, y e ,
i n b
st r o n gatt l e s, G o ds
at e ach Ki m i d i n se n d y o u r b o l t o f t h u n de r .

I su li ant
p ra se i an d e v e r c all o n B h av a an d S ar va
, pp ,
.

Se t fr e e fr o m ri e f an d t rou bl e
us g .

Y M N XXI X H .

Y o u t w ai n O M i t ra V aru na I h o n o u r ,
L aw , , ,

st r e n g th e n e rs w i se w h o d r i v e aw ay o p p resso r s
, ,
.

Y e w h o p ro t e ct t h e t r u t h fu l i n h is bat t l e s de li v er ,

e t w ai n fr o m g r i e f an d t ro u bl e
us
y , ,
.

2 Y e t he w i se G o ds w h o dr i v e aw ay o pp resso rs ,

e w ho r o t e c t t h e t r u t h fu l i n h is b at t l e s
y p ,

W h o co m e m e n s g u ar ds t o j u i ce p r e sse d fo r th by
’

, ,

B ab h ru de li v e r u s y e t w ai n fr o m g ri e f an d t r o u bl e
, , ,
.

A h ym n o f p raise an d p ra e r
y to M i t ra V ar u na, -
or M it ra an d V aru n a
as a d u al d e it y

l T he tr u thf u l : acco rd in g to t h e St . P . Dict ion ary, Sat yft van is a

’
m an s n am e .

2 B ab/cm : a k in g w h o m t h e A sv in s assist ed in h is t ro u b l e ( R ig veda

V I I I 22 A g ast i m o re co m m o n l y cal l e d A gast a, a v e r l
. .
y y c e e

b rate d Itish i an d see r o f t w e n t y fi v e h y m n s o f Bo o k I o f t h e R ig v ed a -

. ,.

H e is o n e o f t h o se i n d c fl n ab l e m y t h ic p e rso n ages w h o are fo u n d in t h e

an cie n t t rad i t io n s o f m an y n at io n s, an d in w h o m co sm o go n ical o r ast ro
n e m ical n o t io n s are g en e ral l y fi g u red T h u s i t is rel at e d o f A gasty a t h at .

t h e V in d hy an M o u n t ain s p ro st rat e d t h e m sel ves b e fo re h i m an d y e t

t h e sam e A g ast ya is b el ie ved t o b e t h e r ege n t o f t h e st ar C an o p u s I n .

the R a m a y an a he a
pp ears as t h e fr ie n d an d co u n se l l o r o f R a m a A tr i .

o n e o f t h e g reat Se ven It ish is, f re q u e n t l y m e n t io n ed i n t h e R ig veda

an d sa id t o h ave b ee n d e l i ve red fro m d ist r e ss b y I n d ra an d b y t h e

A svin s ( Ij ig v eda I 51 3, an d 1 1 2 . A u g i r as : o n e o f t h e Sev e n
. .

i n d t h e see r o f a n u m b e r o f t h e R ig veda h m n s J
R h d
’

is s a y am a ag m .

a ce l e b rat e d an c ie n t R ish i Se c I I 32 3 Kas g p

/ a a a l so
. i s a w e l l k n o w
. n . .
-

V ed ic sag e, an d V asieh th a is esp e cial l y fam o u s as t h e g reat ad versary

o f V isv dm it ra Of t h e n am es w h ich fo l l o w , S ap tcw ad hr i is said ( R ig
.

v e da V 7 8 6) t o hav e b ee n d el i v ered fro m t ro u b l e b y t h e A svin s ;

. .

V adhry asva is m en t io n ed ( R ig v eda V I 61 1 ) as a w o rsh ip p er o f Sara . .

svat i, a nd ( X as a sp ecial w o rsh ip p er an d fav o u ri t e o f A gn i

. T he .

re st are R ish is an d see rs o f h y m n s, o f m o re o r l ess ce l e b r it y , an d al l

are m en t io n ed in t h e R igv eda, n o n e b e in g, h o w e ve r, re p resen t ed as .

h av in g b ee n esp e cial l y favo u r e d b y M it ra an d V aru na w h o in t h is

h y m n arc gl o r ifi ed as t h e ir p ro te cto rs .

T h e hy m n has b een t ran sl ated b y Lu dwig , Der R igv eda, I I I p 1 37 . . .

H YM N T H E A T H A R V A V E DA . 171

3 M i tr a an d V ar u na w h o h e l p A gast i , A tr i , an d A n
g i
ras, Jam adagn i ,
an d
Y e w ho h e l p K asyap a, w h o h e l p V asish tha, de li ver
u s, y e t w ai n , fr o m r i e f an d t ro u bl e
g .

4 M i t r a an d V ar u na, w h o h e l p Syfi ma s va, A tr i , an d

P u r u m l l ha, an d V ad h ryasv a,
Y e w h o h e l p V i m ada an d Sap tav adh r i, de li v er u s,
e t w ai n , fr o m ri e f an d t r o u bl e
y g .

5 Y e , V ar u na, M i t ra, w h o g i v e aid t o K u tsa, G av i eh

t h i ra, B h ar adv aj ,
a V i s vam it r a,

W h o h e l p Kak sh i van an d g i v e aid to K anva, de li ver

u s, ye t w ai n , fr o m r i e f an d t r o u bl e
g .

6 Y e , M i t ra, V ar u na, w ho help T r i se k a , M edh fi tith i,

an d U san fi . so n o f K av i ,

M u dg al a s pr o t e c to rs, de li ve r u s,
’
Y e , G o t am a s an d
’

e t w ai n , fro m ri e f an d t r o u b l e
y g .

7 W h o se s t r ai g h t re i n e d car-
t h at k ee p s t h e t rack o f g o o d
n e ss assail s an d r u i n s h i m w h o w al k s p e r v e rse ly
I , su p p li an t , p r ai se w i th co n stan t i n v o cat i o n M i tra
an d V ar u na S ave u s fro m affl i ct i o n
. .

H Y M N XXX .

I TPA V EL w i th t h e R u d ras an d th e V asu s w i th th e ,

A d ity as an d A l l G o ds I w an de r -
.

I h o l d al o ft b o t h V aru na and M i t ra I h o l d al o ft ,

I n dr a an d bo th t he A sv i n s .

2 I am th e Q u ee n t h e g at h e re r u p o f t r e asu r es m o st
,
-
,

t h o u g h t fu l fi rst o f t h o se w h o m e ri t w o rsh i p
,
.

T h e G o ds m ak i n g m e e n t e r m an y p l aces i n di vers
, ,

s o t s h av e se t m i n e h abi t at i o n
p .

T h e h ym n , w h ich is tak en fro m R ig v eda X

1 25, is a gl o r ifi cat ion
.

o f V i k , Sp ee ch p erso n i fi ed an d d e ifi ed , t he Wo rd , t h e fi rst creat io n

an d rep rese n tat io n o f Sp i rit , an d t h e m eans o f co m m u n icat io n b e t w ee n
m en an d God s .

I V fik sp eak s . R ud r as t h e So n s o f R u dra, t h e M aru t s o r Sto rm

Gods T h e V asus : co n sid ered as a sep arate cl ass, e i gh t d e it ies fre
.

q u en t l y m e n t io n e d i n c o n n e x io n w i t h t h e A d i t y as an d t h e R u d ras .

A l l Gods t he V isvedc v as, h ere regar ded as a sep arate cl ass

-
.
172 T H E a r m vs o r [ B OOK IV

3 I ,
ve r ily , m y se l f an no u n c e an d u t te r t h e w o r d t hat
Go d s an d m en a li k e sh all w e l c o m e .

I m ak e t he m an I l o ve e x ce e d i n g m ig h ty , m ak e h im
B i
a sag e , ash i an d a B ra h m a n , .

4 Th ro u g h m e al o n e all e at t h e fo od t h at fe eds th e m e ach ,

m an w h o se es b re at h e s h e ars t he w o r d o u t s o k e n
p
-
, , .

T he y k n o w i t n o t b u t y e t t h e y d w e ll be si de m e
, .

H e ar o n e an d al l t h e t r u t h as I d e cl are i t
, , .

5 I be n d th e b o w fo r R u d ra t h at h is arro w m ay str ik e
an d sl ay t h e h at e r o f d e vo t i o n .

I re use an d o r de r batt l e fo r t h e p e o p l e an d I h av e ,

n e t r at e d E ar t h an d H e ave n
p e .

6 I c h e r sh i an d h i gh s w e lli n g S o m a, and
su sta n i -

T v ash tar I su p p o r t, P fi sh an , and B h aga .

I l o ad w i t h w eal t h t h e ze al o u s sacr ifi cer wh o po u rs

t h e j u i ce an d o ffe r s h is o bl at i o n .

7 O n t he ld s i t I b r i ng fo r th t h e F ath er
’
wor su m m

m y h is i n t h e w ate rs, in t h e o ce an
om e .

T h e nce I e x t e n d o e r all e x i st i ng cre atu res, an d

’

t o u ch e ve n y o n de r h e ave n w i t h m y fo re h ead .

8 I b r e at h e a st ro n g b re at h li k e t he w i n d an d t e m p est ,

t h e w h il e I ho l d t o ge t h e r al l e x i ste nc e .

B ey o nd t h i s w i de e ar th and b e y o n d th e h e av e n s
I h ave beco m e so m i g h ty in m y g ran de u r .

7 T he F ather : Dy u o r Dyaus Z
e u s, H eav en o r Sk y , p ro d u ce d fro m

V i k iden t ifi ed w it h Param at m h, t h e S u p re m e an d Un iv ersal So u l .

M r Wal li s o b se rv es
. V ac, S pe ech is cel eb rat ed al o ne in t w o
w h o l e h y m n s [o f t h e R ig v ed a ,
] 7 1 and 1 25X
, o f
. w h i c h t hXe fo rm er
.

sh o w s t h at t h e p ri m ary ap p l icat io n o f t h e n am e w as t o t h e v o ice o f

t h e h y m n , t h e m ean s o f co m m u n i cat io n b e t w ee n h eav e n an d eart h at
t h e sacr ifi ce . T h e o t h er h y m n il l ust rat es t h e co nstan t assi m il at io n o f
t h e v ari ed p h en o m en a o f n at u re t o t h e sacri fi ce ; al l t h at h as a v o ice
i n n at u re, t h e t h u n de r o f t h e sto rm , t h e re aw ak in g o f l ife at daw n , -

t h so n gs o f rejo icin g o ver t h e n e w b irt h o f t h e w o rl d , are em b o d ied

i n t h is V ac in t h e sam e w ay as it is said o f Bri hasp at i t h at h e em
b races al l t h i n gs t h at are I t is t h u s an o t h e r exp ressio n fo r t h at idea
.

o f t h e u n it y o f t h e w o rld , w h ich w e h ave see n c ro w n in g t h e m y st ical

spe c u l at io n s o f al l t h e m o re ab st ract h m n s o f t h e co ll e c t io n
y ( C o sm o

l ogy o f t h e Rig veda, p .

17 4 T H E H YM N S or [ BOOK IV .

H Y M N XXXII .

H s who h ath r e v e r e n ce d t h e e M an y u , dest ru c ti v e b o l t !

,

b re e ds fo r h i m se l f fo r th w i t h al l co n q u e r i n g e n e rgy .

A rya an d D asa w i l l w e co n q u e r w i t h t h i n e aid , w i t h

t h e e t h e co n q u e ro r, w i t h c o n q u est c o n q u e st sp e d -
.

2 M an y u w as I n d ra, y e a, t h e G o d w as M anyu M an y u
w as H o t ar V ar u na, J a ,
t av e das .

T h e t r ib e s o f h u m an li n e ag e w o r sh i p M an yu A cco rd .

an t , w i th t hy fe rv o u r, M an y u ! g u ard u s .

3 C o m e h i t h er, M an y u , m i g hti e r t h an t h e m ig hty

sm i t e , w i t h t hy fe r v o u r fo r ally , o u r fo e m e n .

S l ay e r o f fo e s, o f V rit ra, an d o f D asy u , br i ng th o u

t o u s all k i n ds o f w e al t h an d t r e asu r e .

4 F o r t h o u ar t , M an y u , o f su r p assi n g v i go u r , fi e r ce,
q u e ll e r o f t h e fo e , an d se l f e x i ste n t , -

Shar e d by al l m e n , v i ct o r i o u s, su bd u er : v o u ch safe
t o u s su p er i o r st r e n g t h i n b at tl e s .

5 I h av e de p ar te d st ill w i t h o u t a p o r ti o n , w i se Go d !
ac c o r di n g t o t h y w ill , t h e m ig h t y .

I , fe e bl e m an , w as w r o t h w i t h t h e e , O M an y u C o m e .

i n t h y p ro p er fo r m an d g i ve u s v ig o u r .

6 C o m e h i t h e r, I am al l t h i n e o w n : ad van ci ng , tu rn
t h e n t o m e , v i ct o r i o u s, al l b e st o w i n g -
.

C o m e to m e , M an y u , w i e l de r o f t he th u n der : b e th i n k
t h e e o f t h y fr i e n d, an d sl ay t h e D asy u s .

T h e hym n , w h ich is al m ost Rg

iden t ical w it h
i v ed a 83 ,
is a b a tt l e so ng X .
-

add ressed t o M an yu , n ifi ed W rat h , t h e de it f t h d i h m

p e rso y o e p r e ce n g y n .

1 Ddsa a g e n e ral n am e app l i ed in t h e V ed a t o cert ain ev i l b ein gs

or d em on s h o st il e to I n dra an d t o m en . It m ean s al so , a sav ag e,

a b arb ar ian , as h ere, on e of th e o r igin al in h ab it an ts of th e co u n t ry

o pp o sed to an A ryan im m igran t . In th e se co n d h em ist ich I r ead

m an y zi m , as in t h e Big v eda i n st ead

, o f m an y u r o f t h e t e xt .

’
h eat, an d seco n dl y
’
2 F ervo m tcip as ; o r ig i n al l y b u rn ing , reli
' ' ‘ ‘
:

i d
’ ’
gio us aust e r t y, fer v i ab st r act ion .

3 D asy u fi en d, o r b arb ar ian .

5 Wi thou t a p or ti on : w it h ou t a sh are in t hy favo u rs .

H YM N T H E A T H A R V A V E DA -
. 1 75

7 A p p r o ach , an d o n o u r r i gh t h an d h o l d t h y i
st at o n ,

t h e n l e t u s sl ay a m u l t i t u de o f fo e m e n .

T h e b e st o f m e at h I o ff e r t o su p p o r t t h e e : m ay w e
b e fi rst t o dr i n k t h er e o f i n q u i e t

Y M N X XXIII
H .

C H A SI NG ou r p ai n w i t h s l e n d i d li h t
p g , 0 A gn i , sh n e i
t h o u w e al t h o n u s .

H is l u st r e fl ash o u r p ai n aw ay
2 F o r g o o dly fi e l ds , fo r p l easan t h o m es, fo r w e al t h w e
sac r ifi ce
t o t h ee .

H is l u str e fl ash o u r p ai n aw ay !
3 B e st p r ai se r o f al l t h ese he h e , an d fo r e m o st be our

n o bl e c h i e fs .

H is l u st re fl ash o u r p ai n aw ay !
S o th at t h y w o r sh i p p ers an d w e, t h i n e , A g n i ! in o ur
so n s m ay li v e .

H is l u st re fl ash ou r p a i
n aw a y!
q u er i n g A g n i s be am s of s e n do u r to
’
5 A s e ve r con-
p l g o

e v er y si de ,

H is l u st re fl ash o u r p ai n aw ay
6 T o e v e ry si de t hy face is t u r n e d th o u ar t tri u m p h an t ,

e v e ry w h e re .

H is l u stre fl ash o u r p ai n aw ay
O t h o u w h o se face l o o k s e ve ry w ay b ear o fl o u r fe es
’

7 ,

as in a sh i p .

H is l u st re fl ash o u r p ai n aw ay
8 A s i n a sh i p acr o ss t h e fl o o d t ran sp o r t u s t o fe li ci ty
,
.

H is l u stre fl ash o u r p ai n aw ay

T h e hym n , w hich is al m o st ide n t ical w it h R igv eda I 97 , is . a p ra er

y
to A gn i fo r p ro te ct io n an d gen eral p ro sp erit y .

1 P ai n su ffe r in g in fl icted on u s by o u r en em ies .

3 H e in t h e o r igi n al hym n , m ean in g Ku tsa t h e Bish i o r seer t o

w h o m t h e h y m n is at t ri b u t ed M ay h e b e p reem in en t am o n g t h ose
.

w h o cel eb rat e t h y p raises, an d m ay t h e ch ie fs o r w eal t h y h o u se h o l ders

w h o hav e i n st it u t ed t h e sacri fi ce b e dist in gu ish ed am o n g t h y w o rsh ipp e rs .

8 A cr oss thefl o od o r, over Sin dh u , or In du s : A s e ver Sin dh u in a sh ip .

1 76 m y g rams or [ B OO K xr .

Y M N XXX I V H .

T m : h e ad o f t h i s is p rayer its bac k th e B rih at , ,

O dan a s be lly is t h e V Am ade v ya

’

I ts fac e r e al it y it s si d es t he m e tr e V ish t tt ri sacr ifi ce

’
, ,

ro d u c e d fro m fe r vo u r
p .

2 Bo n e l e ss, cl ean se d , p u r ifi ed b y hi m w ho cl ean sct h ,

t h e y go r e sp l e n de n t t o t h e w o r ld o f spl e n do u r .

Fi re bu rn e t h n o t t h e i r o rgan o f enj o y m e n t : m u ch
l e asu r e h av e t h ey in t he w o r l d o f S varga
p .

3 N e ve r do th fo rt u n e visit t hose w ho p re
w an t o r e v il
are o bl at i o n call e d V ish ta rt
p .

H e g o e s u n t o t h e Go ds, h e dw e lls w i t h Yam a, h e j o ys

am o n g G an d h ar vas m e e t fo r S o m a .

4 Yam a ro b s n o t of g e n e rativ e v igo u r t he m en w ho

d r ess o bl at io n ca l le d V ish tfiri .

B o rn e on his c ar , a c h ar o t e e r, i h e t rave ls e n do w e d
w th w
i i n gs h e soars be yo n d t h e h eav e ns .

T h e h ym n is a g l o ri fi cat io n of a ce r tai n sacri fi ce cal l ed V ish tfiri ,

w h o se ch ie f el em e n t is Odan a, a m e ss o r b ro t h o f m ashed rice o r o t h er

g rai n c oo k ed w i t h m il k .

1 Of th i s o f t h e Odan a T he R zikat t h e n am e o f variou s Si m ane

.
‘

o r so n gs o f p raise co m p o sed i n t h e Brih at i m e t re w h i ch co n si sts o f

t wo p a das o f e ig h t sy l l ab l es eac h fo l l o w ed b y o n e p i da o f t w e l v e and

o n e o f e ig h t syl l ab l es Vdm adw ya .
( co m i ng fro m v a m a d e v a the
B i sh i o r i n sp i r ed see r o f Bo o k I V o f t h e Rg i v e.d a ) t h e n am e g i v en to
v ari o u s Si m an s Vi shtdr i ( ) h
’
. m e an i n g ex t e n s i ve t e n a m e o f t h e ob
l at io n w h ich is t h e su b ect o f t h e hym nj I n n o n sace rdo tal l an g u age
.
-

t h e m ean in g o f t h e st an za is : De vo t io n , v ar io u s so n gs o f p raise an d
t h e m e t re in w h ich t h ey are co m p o se d , resu l t s, an d e fib ct i ven css are t h e
e sse n t ial acc o m p an im e n ts o f t h e b r ew o f r ice an d m il k o ffe r ed i n t h e

V ish ti ri sacrifi ce w h ich is o rig in at ed b y a fer vi d rel ig io us sp iri t .

2 B y hi m w ho cl ean seth : b y t h e p ur i fy in g W in d T hey w ho o ffer .

t h e V ish t i r i o b l at io n F i r e : t h e fl am es o f t h e f u n eral p il e
. M u ir .

( O. S .T e xt s, V p 307 ) ci t es fro m t h e Sat apath a Brz

. . i h m ana, 4 4 4 -
X . . .

W h e n a m an , k n o w i n g t h is, p ract ises au st ere fe rv o u r, h e re tains in

h eav e n al l h is f u n c t ion s, e ven t o t hat o f se xu al in t e rc o u rse
’
.

3 H the o fi erer o f o b l at io n Gandhar vas : ge n ii w ho in hab it

'

e th e .

S varga or h eave n .
1 78 T H E H m zvs 0 1?
[ B O OK 1 7 .

Wh i ch g u ar ds th e b re aki n
w o r l ds fro mg a t t h e c en

tre — I w i t h t hi s co n q u e r M r i t u
O dan a w il l
, y .

2 W h e re by t h e Wo r l d C re at o rs van q u ish e d M rity u ,

th at w h i ch th ey fo u n d b y fe r v o u r t o il an d t r o u b l e , ,

T h at w h i ch p ray e r fi rst m ade r e ady fo r t h e B rah

m an , I w i t h t h i s O dan a w ill c o n q u er M rity u
-
.

3 T hat w h i ch u p h o l ds t h e E art h t h e al l su stai n e r th at ,

-
,

w h i ch h ath fill e d ai r s m i d d l e r e al m w i t h m o i st u re
’

W h i ch rai sed o n h i g h i n g ran de u r stabli sh e d

, ,

h e av e n — I w i t h t h i s O da n a w ill co n q u e r M ri ty u
,
~ .

4 F r o m w h i ch t h e m o n t h s w i t h t h i r ty sp o k e s w e r e
m o u l de d fro m w h i c h t h e t w e l v e sp o k e d y ear w as
,
-

fo r m e d an d fash i o n e d ,

Wh ich c i rc li n g day an d n i gh t h av e n e e r o e rtak en ’ ’

I w i t h t h i s O dan a w ill co n q u e r M rit y u .

5 Wh ic h h at h b e co m e b r e at h g l v e r li fe b e sto w e r to ,

w h i ch t h e w o rl ds fl o w fu ll o f o il an d fat n e ss ,

T o w h o m b e l o n g al l t he r e fu l ge n t r e g i o n s I w i th ,
-

t h i s O dana w ill c o n q u e r M ri ty u .

6 F ro m w h i ch m atu r e d sp ran g A m rit i n t o b e i n g

, , ,

w h i c h b at h b e c o m e Ga l r d an d r u l e r
’

y at ri 3 o ,

I n w h i ch t h e p e r fe c t V e das h av e b e e n t r e asu r e d ,

I w i t h t h i s O dan a w i l l co n q u e r M rity u .

7 I dri v e aw ay t he h o st il e G o d de sp i ser : far o ff b e -

t h o se w h o are m i n e ad v e rsar i es .

I d re ss B rah m au dan a th at w i n n e t h al l th i n gs M ay .

t h e G o ds h e ar m e w h o b e li e v e an d t r u st t h e m .

2 T he Wo r l d -
C r eato r s : see I I I 28 1 . . .

4 T w el vem ked y ear cf R igv e da I 1 64 1 1

. . . .

6 Gdyatr t s l or d : m ast e r o f t h e Gi yat rl m et re P erf ect: o r, o m n if o r m

’
. .

7 B r ah m au dan a t h e Odan a or m ess o f r ice an d m il k d ist rib u te d

t o Br i b m an s, an d esp ec ial l y to p ri ests at a sacr ifi ce .

T h e h ym n has b een t ran sl ated b y Lu d w ig, Der R ig veda, I I I p 4 38 . . .

H YM N T H E A T H A R V A V E DA -
. 1 79

H YM N XXXV I .

E NDOW ED w i t h t ru e st r e n
g t h , l e t t h e B u ll ,
A g n i V ai s
ven ara, b urn t h e m u p ,

H im w ho wou ld p a i
n an d i nj u re u s, h im wh o w o u ld
t re at u s as a fo e .

2 H im w h o , u n h ar m e d , w ou ld i nj u re u s , an d h im w ho ,
h ar m ed , w o u l d do u s h ar m
I l ay be t w ee n t h e do u bl e d fan gs o f A gn i, of V ais
v hn ara .

3 T h o se w ho w h at t i m e th e m o o n is dar k h u n t w i th
, ,

l o u d c ry an d an sw e r in g sh o u t ,

Fl e sh e at e rs o t h e r s w h o Wo u l d h ar m al l t h e se I
-
, ,
-

o ve r c o m e w i t h m i g h t .

4 I co n q u e r t h e P isAch as w i th m y p o w e r an d t ak e ,

t h e i r w e al t h aw ay .

A l l w h o w o u l d i nj u r e u s I sl ay L et m i ne l u ten .

t i o n h av e su c c e ss .

5 W i t h Go ds w h o fle e w i t h h im an d m at ch t h e i r rap i d ,

m o t i o n w i th t h e S u n ,

I w i th t h o se an i m al s w h o d w e ll i n r i v ers and o n h ill s

am fo u n d .

T h e h ym n is a ch arm against fi e n d s, h u m an en em i e s, an d t ro u b l e
so m e p est s .

3 Wi th l o u d cr y dgar é, w h ich do e s n o t o ccu r el se w h ere, is a w o rd

o f u n ce rt ain sign i fi cat io n I n t h e St Pe t e rsb u rg D ict io n ary it is su g
. .

’
g e st e d t h at i t m ay s t an d fo r d g d r e, i n t h e ch am b e r, an d so L u d w i
g
Si yan a exp l ai n s it as m ean in g o n t h e fi e l d o f b at t l e
’
t ransl at e s it . .

See Gri l l s n o t e F l esh eater s eate rs o f raw fl esh d em o n s

’
-
. .

4 P i gdch as go b l in s, fi en ds S ee I 1 6 3, n o t e . . . .

5 Wi th God s : as A g n i : V aisv fin ara h at h r iv al ry w it h Sfirya ( B ig

’

v eda I 9 8
. . So m a : T h is Pavam fin a m o u n ts u p w it h Sfi rya
t o t h e sk y ( R igv ed a I X 27
’
Wi th tho se an i m al s : sl i m tai l» p asti
. .

bh i h t h is is o b scu re , an d t h e m et re su ffe rs Gr il l su gge st s t h at in .

st ead o f p as zibh i h so m e su ch w o rd as p i sdchahd; d est ro y er o f P isach as, ’

sh o u l d b e read
‘
W it h t h o se w h o d w el l in st ream s an d h il l s I , sl aye r o f
t h e fi e n ds, am fo u n d Lu dw ig, re tain in g p asi lb h i h, t ran sl at es
’
. m it

d iesen [w ie m it ] v ieh m iig ich b efun den w e rd e n ‘

m ay I b e f o u n d
w i t h t h ese ( as w it h ) cat t l e
’
.
1 30 m s m u ms or [ B O OK 17 .

6 I t ro u bl e t he Pi sach as as th e t iger l
p ga u es m e n r ch i
i n k in e .

T h ey , e v e n as do g s w h e n t he y h av e se en a li o n , fi nd
n o h i di n l a
g p ce -
.

7 N au gh t w it h Pi sach as can I do , w i t h t hi e v e s, w i t h
r o am er s o f th e w oo d .

P ishch as fl ee an d v an i sh fr o m e ac h v illag e as I e n t e r i t .

8 In to w h at e ve r v illag e t h is m ine aw fu l p o w e r p e n e
t rat es ,
T h e nc e t h e Pi sac h as fl e e aw ay , an d p l ot no fu r t he r
m i sch i e f t h e r e .

9 T h o se w ho e nra e m e
g w thi t h e i r p r at e , as fl i e s to r
m en t an e e p h an t , l
I de e m u n h ap p y cr e at u r e s, li k e sm a ll i n se cts tr o u bl e
so m e to m an .

D e st ru cti o n i
se ze u o n
p th e m an , as w i th a co rd t hey
h o l d a h o r se ,
T h e fo o l w h o is e n rag ed w i th m e ! H e is n o t rescu e d

fr o m t h e n o o se .

Y M N XXX V II H .

W I T H t h e e 0 Pl an t i n o l de n t i m e A th arvan s sm o t e
, ,

an d sl e w th e fi e n ds .

K asyap a sm o t e w i th t h e e w i t h t h ee did Kanva an d ,

A gasty a sm i te .

7 T h i eves r oam er s o f the w o od t h e m isc h iev o u s Pi si ch as are

ro b ab l y m ean t
p .

8 T hi s m f p
ine aw u l f i
o w er
r g h t e n s t w h ich
h e g o b l i n s aw ay .

9 Wi th th ei r p r ate I ado p t t h e read i n g l ap i tvd; su g ge ste d b y Pro f .

W h it n ey in h is I n dex V e rb o ru m , in stead o f l ap i td; ch at t er in g s ’

.

1 0 H e i s n o t r escu ed f r o m th e n o o se h e shal l b e cau gh t in t h e sn ar e

o f N irrit i t h e Go d d ess o f M isfo rt u n e an d Dest ru c t i o n .

T h e h y m n h as b een t ran sl at ed b y L u d w ig, De r R ig veda, 1 11 p 526, . .

an d, w it h an n o ta t io n s, b y Gril l , H u n der t L ie de r, p p 3, 1 36 . .

T h e h y m n is a spe l l to d rive aw ay Gan dh arv as an d A psarases .

l A th ar van s t h e d esce n d an t s o f t h e g reat A t h ar van , t h e fi rst F ire

p r iest K. a a
gy p a K an va A g a sty a see I n d ex .
1 32 m s a r m vs or [ BOOK IV .

8 W i t h t h o se dread h u n dre d i ro n sp ears th e darts o f ,

I n d ra l e t it p i erce
,

T h e B l y xa fe d Gan dh ar vas t ho se w h o b r i n g n o sacr i

-

fi c ial g i ft .

9 W i th t h o se dread h u n dred go l de n sp ears th e darts ,

o f I n d ra l e t it i
p e rce ,

T h e B l y x a fed Gan dh ar vas t h ose w h o b r i n g n o sacr i

-
,

fi c ial g i ft .

O Pl an t b e t h e n v i c to r i o u s cru sh t h e Pisac h as
, , ,

o ne an d al l ,

B l y x a fe d sh i n i n g
-
, in t h e fl o o d s, ill um i n i ng th e
se lfi sh o n e s .

Y o u th fu l co m p l e te ly de c ked w i th h ai r o ne m o nk ey
, ,

li k e o n e l i k e a do g
, ,

S o t h e Gan dh arva p u t t i n g o n a l o ve ly l o o k p u rsu e s

, ,

a dam e.

H im w t h an e fficac o u s c h ar m w e scare an d cau se

i i to
v an shi h e n ce .

Yo u r i ves are th e A p sarases an d y e Gan dh arvas

w , , ,

ar e t h e i r l o r ds .

R u n y e i m m o rtal o ne s aw ay : fo rb e ar t o i n te rfe re
, ,

w i t h m en !

8 I r o n sp ear s : t h e st ro ng t h o rn s o r sp in es o f t he p l an t E l yse -f ed .

eate rs of A vak d ( Bl yxa Oct an dra), a w at er l ant, cal l ed Sai val a in lat er
'

p
-

t im es .

dm akdn
'
I O I l l u m i n i ng th e sel
fi sh on es : j y o t ayam t h e m ean in g in
o b scur e.

1 1 T h e Gan dh arvas, a cl ass

‘
of g o d s, w h o are describ ed as h airy , l ike
d o gs an d m o n k eys, but as assu m i n g a h an dso m e ap p earan ce to sed u ce

t h e affec t ion s of eart hl y fem al es, are cal l ed u p o n t o desist fro m t h is un

b e co m in g p ract ice, an d n o t to in t e rfe re w it h m o rt al s, as t h ey h av e w iv es

o f t h e i r o w n, t h e A pasarases M r , O S T e xt s, V T h e Gan
’
( u i . . .

dh arvas h ere rese m b l e t h e F au n i and t h e Sat yri of I tal y, t h e l at ter

b e ing r ep resen t e d as woo dlan d ge n i i deit ies, ap e li k e an d oat fo ot ed .
or g
- -
H YM N T H E A T H A R V A V E DA -
. 1 83

H
Y M N XXXV II I .

H I T H ER I call t h e A p saras v i ct o r i o u s w h o p l ays , ,

w i t h sk il l ,

H e r w h o co m es free ly fo r t h t o v i e w w h o w i n s t h e ,

st ak e s i n am e s o f d i ce
g .

2 H i t h e r I call t h at A p saras w h o scatters and w h o

g at h e rs u ,
p
T h e A p saras who p l ay s i
w th sk ill an d tak es h er
i i
w n n n gs in th e g am e .

3 D an c in g ar o u n d u s w i th th e d i ce , w i n n i n g t h e w ag er
byhe r p l ay ,
M ay sh e o b tai n th e stak e fo r u s an d gai n t h e v i c to ry
w i t h sk ill .

M ay sh e ap p ro ach u s fu ll o f st re n gt h : l e t th e m n o t
w i n t h i s w e al t h o f o u rs .

4 H i th e r I cal l t h at A p saras, th e Jo y o u s, t h e de lig h t

fu l on e

Th o se ny m ph s w h o r e ve l 1 n th e di ce w h o su ffer g rief ,

an d yi e l d t o W l at h .

5 W h o fo l l o w 1 n t h e i r c o u r se th e ray s o f Surya o r as a ,

a r t i c l e o f li h t at t e n d h i m
p g .

W h o se l e ade r fro m afar w i t h st o re o f ri ch es co m , ,

a i k ly al l t h w l d and a d t h m
p sse s
q u c e o r s
g u r s e .

Pl ease d m ay h e co m e t o t h i s o u r bu rn t o bl at i o n
, ,

t o g e ther w i t h t h e A ir e n r i ch e d w i t h t re asu re
, .

T h e h ym n is a ch arm fo r su ccess in gam b l in g .

l T he Ap sar as t h e A p sarases ar e in t im at el y co nn ect ed w it h gam b l

in g w ith d ice See I I 2 5
. . . .

5 Stan zas 5— 7 , d ifferin g in m et re an d u n co nn ected w i t h th e o b j ect

of the charm , are ev iden t l y a l at er ad d it io n t o t h e o rigi n al hym n . T h ey

are em l d Kau sik a Su t ra XXI 1 1 as a ch arm fo r th e p ro ect io n
p y
t
o e in -
.
1 34 rm : 17 m m or [ B O OK f r .

6 T o ge t h e r w i th t h e
A ir , 0 r i ch i n t reasu r e , g u ard
h e r e t h e w h i t e co w an d t h e cal f, O m i g h t y !
H er e are ab u n dan t dro p s fo r t he e , c o m e h i th er l
H er e is t hy w h i te cal f, l e t t hy m i n d b e w i th u s .

7 To g e th e r w i t h t he A ir 0 r i ch in t reasu re k e e p t h e
, ,

w h i t e cal f i n safe ty h e re 0 m igh ty ,

H e re is t h e g rass h er e is t h e stall here d o w e bi nd

, ,

t h e cal f W e are y o u r m asters n am e by n am e

.
,
.

A l l H ail l
H Y M N XXXIX .

A GNI o n earth h at h h ad m i n e h o m age . M ay h e bl ess

m e .

A s I h av e b o w ed m e do w n t o A g n i o n t h e e arth , so
l e t t h e F avo u r i n g Gr ace s b o w t he m do w n t o m e .

2 E art h is t h e , C o w h er A g n i
ca M
l f is
ay s h e w i t h .

h er cal f A g n i yi e l d m e fo o d, st re n gt h , al l m y w i sh ,
li fe fi rst o f al l , an d o ffspr i n g, p l e nty , w eal th A l l .

H ail
3 Va y u i n air h ath h ad m i n e h o m age M ay h e bl ess m e . .

A s I h av e b o w ed m e d o w n t o v ayu i n t h e air, so l e t
t h e F av o u ri ng G race s b o w t h e m do w n t o m e .

4 A ir is th e C o w , h e r ca l f is V ay u M ay
he r
. sh e w i th
cal f
d u yi e l d m e fo o d , st r e n t
g ,h al l m y Wi sh ,

l i e i rst o f all , an d o ffsp ri n g, p l en ty , w e al th A l l

ff
.

I ai

6 0 m ig h ty I vd i n ;
j
‘
acco rding to Lu dw ig, th e h orse of t h e Gan
dhar va is addressed .

7 You r m aster s, n am e by n am ehave power over you ( Q an dhar

we
v as o r A p sarases co ll ect i v el
) y a n d se v e ral l y .

T h e h ym n has b een t ransl at ed b L u dw i , Der R i veda, I I I 4 5 4

y g g p ; . .

an d stan zas 1 — 4 , w it h an n o tat ions b Grill H undert Li ede r 7 l 1 4 0

, y , , pp , . .

T h e hym n is a p rayer to vario us deit ies for h eal t h, w eal t h, an d

gen eral p rosp e rity .

l T he F avo m -i ng Gr ace: th e con descendin g l oving k in dnesses of t he -

Gods, person ifi ed .
18 5 T H E A T H A R V A V E DA -
.
[ BOOK IV .

M ay t h e y t u rn e d b ac k he p ai n ed fo r h ar m i n g A g n i
, , .

I dr i v e t h e m back w ard w i t h m i n e i n can tat i o n .

2 O J At av e das, so u th w ar d sacrifi ce rs as fo e s assail u s

fr o m t h e so u t h e r n q u ar t e r .

M ay t h ey t u r n e d back he p ai n ed fo r h ar m i n g Yam a
, , .

I sm i te t h e m bac k w ard w i t h m i n e i n can tat i o n .

3 O Jstav e das, w e st w ard sac rifi cers as fo es assail u s

fr o m t h e w est e r n q u art er .

F o r h ar m i ng V aru na b e t h e y t u r n e d an d t r o u bl ed !
I sm i te th e m bac k w ar d w i t h m i n e i n can tat i o n .

4 O JAtav e das, n o r t h w ard sacr ifi ce rs as fo e s assail u s

fro m t h e n o r t h e r n q u ar t e r .

F o r h ar m i ng S o m a b e t h e y tu r ned an d t ro u bl e d ! I
sm i te t h e m b ack w ar d w i t h m i n e i n can t at i o n .

5 O Jatav e das n e th e r sac rifi c e rs as fe e s assail us fro m

,

t h e st ed fast q u ar te r .

F o r h arm i ng E ar th l e t t h e m b e t ur n e d an d t ro u bl ed .

I sm it e t h e m back w ard w i th m i n e i n can tat i o n .

6 T h o se w h o p ay sac r ifi ce O Jfitav e das, fr o m air assai l

,

u s fr o m t h e m i d w ay q u ar t e r .

F o r h ar m i n g V a y u b e t h ey t u r n e d an d t r o u bl e d ! I
s m i t e t h e m b ac k w ar d w i t h m i n e i n can t at i o n .

7 T h e sac rifi ce rs fro m ab o ve assail u s, 0 Jatav edas,

fro m t h e l o fty q u art e r .

F o r w ro n g i n g S ury a b e th e y t u r n ed an d t ro u bl e d
I sm i t e t he m b ack w ard w i t h m i n e i n can tat i o n .

8 T h o se fro m al l p o i n t s assail u s Jstavedas, w h o ,

sac r ifi ce i n t e r m e di ate re gi o n s
fr o m .

F o r w r o n g i n g P ray e r l e t t h e m b e t u rn e d an d tro u bl ed .

I sm i t e t h e m b ac k w ard w i t h m i n e i n can tat i o n .

1 F or h ar m i ng A gn i as R eg en t o f t h e East T h e r iv al an d h et e ro do x
.

w o rsh i pp e rs are co n sider ed t o in su l t an d in j u re t h e d e it y w h o p re sides

o ve r t h e re g io n o f t h e h eav en u n de r w h ich t h e o ffer t h eir sacrifi ces
y .

5 Stedf ast qu ar ter o r , re gio n t h e n adir .

6 M id w ay b et w een h eaven an d eart h .

7 L of ty qu ar ter o r, reg io n ; t h e zen it h .

F o r t h e R egen ts o r p resid in g deit ies o f th e regio ns, see no te on I 31 l

. . .
 BOO K V .

YM N I H .

H E w h o w i th sp eci al p l an s an d de ath l e ss sp i r i t ,

w ax i n g W e ll b o r n h at h co m e u n t o h is bi r th p l ace
,
-
,
-
,

A s h e w h o sh i n e s u p h o l ds t h e day s t h u s Tr i ta o f , ,

r e li fe b e ar s t h e T h re e as th e i r su o rt e r
p u , pp .

2 H e w h o t h e fi rst ap p ro ach e d t h e h o ly st at u t es
, ,

m ak e s aft e r m an y b e au t e o u s fo r m s an d fi g u r e s
, ,
.

E ager t o dr i n k h is bi r t h p l ac e fi rst h e e n te re d w h o
,
-

u n de r stan ds t he w o r d w h e n ye t ok en .
uns
p

T h is v e ry o b scu re i n t ro d u ct o ry h ym n app ears t o be a g l o r ifi cat io n

of T ri t a an d V ar un a .

1 H e w h o sh i n es : S firya, t h e Su n -Go d . T r i ta a m y st o
e ri us an cien t

d eit y frequ en t l y m e n t io n ed i n th e Rg
i v e da, p r i n ci al
p y l in co n n e x io n

w it h t h e Mar u ts, V ay u , an d I n d ra . H is h o m e is i n t h e re m o t e st p art

of h eaven , an d h e is call e d A p t ya ,
th e Wat e ry , t h at is, sp r u n g fro m ,

or d w ell in g i n , t h e sea o f cl o u d an d vap o u r . In th e B gveda h e is

i
iden t ifi ed w i t h t h e Sacr ifi cial H o rse ( I . 1 63 3) . h e is said t o h av e

re n t V rit ra l im b fro m l im b an d to h ave b at e d

( I 1 7 l ) an d co n
’
8 . .
, co m

q u e r e d o t h e r m e t eo r i c d em on s as V hy u or Win d h e fan s an d q u ick e n s

A gn i in t h e h e ig h t of h eave n ( V . 9 5) . he app ears t o b e th e cel est ial

p u r i fi e r o f t h e So m a fo r I n d ra ( I I 1 1 2 0 ; I X
. 32 2 ; . 34 4 ; 37 4 ; . . . .

1 02 . an d he su rro u n ds th e M ar u t s w it h t h e l igh t n in g fl ash an d

ro ar ( V . 54 . So m a ide n t ifi es T rit a so m e t im es w it h V fiy u ; so m e

t im es w i th In d ra as t h e p e r v ad e r o f t h e t h re e w o rl d s an d so m et i m es

w i t h A g n i st a t io n ed in t h e t h r ee fi r e-re
cep tac l es S ee Be r
ga ig n e , La .

R g
e l i i o n V d
é q , I pp
i u e I 3 2 6— 330 I n t h is h ym n T rit a ap p ears as a
. . .

creat iv e an d p ro t e cti ng p o w er T he T hr ee t h e w o rld s, eart h , m id dl e

.

ai r, an d h eav en .

2 E ager to dri nk : o r, to form , to creat e ; — Lu dw i

g .
1 88 1m m
T H E 15 or [ 1
150 0 11 r ’
.

3 H e w ho — th e fl u i d g o l d , w i th radi an t k i n sm e n — to
fe rv e n t g l o w de li v e re d u p t h y b o dy ,
O n h i m b o th set n am e s t h at sh all li ve fo r e v e n
t o h im t h e reg i o ns sh all se n d ro b e s t o c l o t he h i m .

4 A t h ese h av e go n e t o t h e i r p r i m e v al st ati o n , e ach

s

g a i n in
g an im
p e r i sh abl e dw e lli n g ,

M ay k i ssi ng m o th e rs o f t h e b ards b e l o véd br i ng t h e

’

l e d raw i n h s b a d t t h e si st e r
p o g u n o
-
.

ofi er
'

5 By h o l w sdo m
i I a sag e , F ar S tr i de r t o th ee
yfty
-

t his o ad o rat o n i .

T h i s w o rsh i p b o th i gh ty e ddyi n g r i vers co m

the m ,

i n g to g e t h er to t h i s stat i o n h e i gh t e n ,
.

6 S e ve n ar e t h e p at h w ay s w h i c h t h e w i se h ave fash i o n ed
t o o n e o f t h ese m ay co m e t h e t ro u bl e d m o rt al .

O n su r e g ro u n d w h e r e t h e w ay s ar e p art e d stan de th
Li fe s Pillar in th e dw e lli ng o f th e H igh e st
’
.

3 H T r ita, t h at is, A gn i as t h e Su n , t h e fl u id gol d w h o se ki n sm en

e :

are t h e fla sh es T hy body So m a s, acco rdin g t o Lu d w ig T h e m ean

’
. .

in g o f t h e h em i st ich is n o t cl ear B oth t h e d u al verb has n o ex p re ss .

ed su b ect j
H eaven an d Ear th are in t en ded R eg i on s ( di g/1 h in st ead
. .

of s i l)
sa » of th e h eav en s . R o bes cl o u ds w it h w h ich t h e sun is in vest ed .

4 T hese an d Eart h . P r i m eval st ati on t h e p osi t io n w hich

t h ey h av e occu p ied fro m th e ear li est tim e si n ce t h eir se parat io n See .

1 4 Ki ssi ng m o ther s H eav en an d Of the bar d s bel o ved

’
IV . . . Eart h .

hao ih su shdsg a o f t h e t ext is ab sol u t el y u n in t el li gib l e an d is p ro b ab l y

co rru p t Sfi rya ap p ears t o h e m ean t : des vo n den w eisen b esu n gen en
.

—
[ g
A n i S u-
r
y a L u d w ig P o l e d r aw i n
g h usban d . : D a y S i s
-
ter N igh t . .

5 F ar Str i der -
o r, h avin g ab road pat h S firya, t h e Su n E ddy i ng .

r i ver s h ere ap p aren t l y, H eaven an d Earth : R odha u n d C h akri

[ H im m el u n d Z - Lu d w ig .

6 T h e stan za is t ak en fro m d X d
'

i
Bg v e a 5 6 P ath way s m ar y d
. d h . .

l o n g l in es or div ision s o f l igh t T he wi se t h e sages, t h e F at h ers

. .

T he tr ou bl ed m or tal : t h e m an w h o is l o n gin g fo r dayb reak m ay ap

p ro ach th e p at h w ay of l igh t . Pro f M M li l l et t ran sl ates d iffe ren t l y

. .

V d i H P rt I
( e c ym n s, a .
p . T he sages estab l ish ed the se ven
1 90 M r H YM N S o r [BOO K 7 .

2 G ro w n m i g h ty i n h is st re n g t h w i th am p l e , v i go u r ,

he as a fo e st r i k e s fe ar i n t o t h e D fisa,

E ag e r t o w i n t h e b re at h i n g an d t h e b r e at h l e ss A ll
san g t hy p r ai se at b a n q u e t an d o bl at i o n .

3 A l l c o n c en t rat e o n t h e e t he i r m e n tal igo u r w h at

v

t i m e t h e se , t w i ce o r t h r i ce , ar e t h i n e assi s tan t s .

B le n d w h at is sw e e t e r th an t h e sw ee t w i th sw e e t n e ss
w in q u i ck ly w i t h o u r m e at h t h at m e at h i n b at t l e .

4 I f v e r ily i n e v e ry w ar th e sa e s
g j o
y an d e x u t l i n t h ee
w h o w i n n e st t r e asu r e s,
W i th m igh t i e r p o w e r , st r o n
g G od ,
e xt e n d th y fi r m n e ss

let n o t m a e vo e n t l l K aso k as h ar m th e e .

5 P r o u dly w e p u t o u r t r u st i n t h ee i n b at t l e s w h e n w e ,

b e h o l d g re at w e al th t he p r i ze o f co m bat .

I w i t h m y w o r ds i m p e l t h y w e ap o n s o n ward an d ,

sh ar p e n w i t h m r ay er t h i t al vi o ur
y p y v g .

2 Ddsa t h e d em o n en em ies of t h e Go ds . E ag er to w i n Pro f Lu d .

w ig m ak e s a
s sn i an i n fi n i t iv e . T he co rr ect read in g is p ro b ab l y sdsn i s
as su gge st ed b y Pro f . Grassm an n . T he br eathi n g an d the br eathl ess
t h e an im at e an d t h e in an i m ate wo rl d .

3 M en ta l v ig o u r Icr d tu m ; ado rat io n —Wil so n T hese : So m a u ices

: .
’
. j .

T w i ce or thr i ce w it h r eferen ce, p erh aps, t o t h e t h r ee d ail y l i b at i o n s .

T h ese in v igo rat e I n d ra fo r t h e p e rfo rm an ce o f hi s m igh t y d eed s Wh at .

i s sweeter : t h in e o w n ce l est ial So m a w hich is sw eete r t h an t h at o f

eart h .
d ana exp l ains t h e sta n za d ifferen t l y T o t h ee al l ( wor

) o d er ad o rat io n ,
'

sh i p p e rs w h et h e r t h ose p p
r o i t iat o rs be two or t h ree .

C o m b in e t h at w h ich is sw ee ter t h an t h e sw e et w it h sw ee t n ess, u n it e

t h at h o n ey w it h h o n ey .
’
— W il so n . T he tw o or t h re e
’
are acco rd in g

t o S i yana, the sacri fi ce r an d h is w ife an d ch il d, an d t h e seco n d hal f

of the st an za c o n tai n s a re fer en ce t o t h e pro pagat io n o f ch il d re n .

4 Kagakas a cl ass o f d e m o n s, acco rd in g t o t h e St . P . Dict io n ary .

T h e R ig v ed a h as Yd tu dh dn as an d Pro f . Lu d w ig su ggest s t h at t h e

A t h arv a v e d a h y m n w as em p l oye d as a ch ar m
n
o n so m e sp e c ial o ccasi o n ,

an d Kaso k as, m ean in g p e rh ap s p eo pl e l i v in g on the st ream Kasi , too k

t h e p l ace of Y i t u dh i n as.
11 m m M E ar m at ur e “ . 1 91

6 Th o u in th at h o u se t h e h i g h e st o r t h e l o w e st , w h ich
,

t hy p r o t e ct i o n g u ar ds, b e st o w e st r i c h e s .

E st ab li sh y e t h e e v e r w an d e r i n g m o t h e r , an d brin g
-

fu ll m any d e e ds t o t h e ir c o m p l e t i o n .

7 Prai se i n t h e he ig ht h i m w h o h at h m any p at h w ay s,
co u r ag e o u s, st r o n g e st A t a o f th e A t a
p y p y s ,
.

Th r o u g h st re ng th h e sh o w s h i m se l f o f am p l e p o w e r
att e r n o f P r i t h i vi , h e fi h t s an d c o n q u e r s
p g .

8 B ri h addiv a, t h e fo r e m o st o f l ig h t w i n n e rs h ath m ade -

,

t h ese h o ly p ray e rs, t h i s st r e n g t h fo r I n d r a .

F re e L o rd , h e r u l e s t h e m ig h ty fo l d o f cat tl e , w i n
n i n , a l o w , e v e n al l t h e bi l l o w y w at e rs
g g .

9 Th u s h at h B ri h add iv a, t h e g re at A th ar van , sp o k e n
t o I n d ra as h i m se l f i n p e r so n .

T w o si st e rs fre e fro m st ai n , t h e M fit aris v an s, w i t h

o w er im e l h i m o n w ar d an d e x al t h i m
p p .

6 E stabl i sh y e app aren t l y t h e Go ds are add ressed T h e ever w an .

-

der i n g m o th er : th e eart h b efo re h er fo u n dat io n s w e re fi xe d T h e read in g .

of t h e R ig v ed a d i ffe rs — T h o u ‘
sta b l ish e st t h e t w o m u ch w an de rin g
-

m o t h ers ( h an d eart h )
’
e av en .

7 t y a f
o th e fi p ty as ch ie f o f the cl ass o f de it ies cal l e d Ap t ya ,

d w el l in g i n t h e w at e rs o f t h e sea o f ai r, an d so iden t ifi ed w i t h , o r l ik e n ed

t o , T r ita A p t ya . Se e V . 1 . 1 . P at ter n of P ri thi vi : vast an d st ro n

g
as t h e ear t h : T hou art t h e co u n t e r p ar t o f ear t h ( g
R d
’
i v e a I 52 . .

8 F o r em ost o f l ig h t w i n n er s
-
acco rd in g t o S i yana, c h ie f o f R ish is,
an d j
e n o yer of h eav en , or se rv an t o f A d itya , t he S u n , I n d ra .
’
Il e

I n d ra F o ld
. o f ca ttl e th e r eal m of th e ce l est ial co w s o r ray s o f l ig h t .

B i l l o wy w ater s of th e sea o f air .

t h e great p riest — Grassm an n

’
9 T h e gr e at A th ar va n . . A s hi m sel f
t h e p riest iden t ifi es h im sel f w i t h t h e Go d w h o m h e w o rsh ip s T w o si s .

ter s : H eaven an d Eart h M d tar i gvan s : M fitar isvan in t h e R igv ed a

.

is t h e d iv in e b e i n g b ro u g h t A gn i do w n fro m h eav en t o t h e Bh ri
w ho

g ,
u s a n d i s s o m e t i m es a m y st ic n am e ( p e rh ap s, G ro w in g i n t h e m o t h e r,

t h e fi red r il l ) o f A gn i h im sel f H o w t h e t e r m i s ap p l icab l e to H eaven

.

an d Eart h is T h e R igv ed a h as svdsdr ah, e s t e rs, in t h e p l u

n ot cl ear .

ral, exp l ai n ed b y Sfiyana as t h e sist e r ri vers w h ic h ab ide in t h e

m o t h er ( m d tdr i ) Eart h
’
.
1 92 M E s u m s or [B O OK r . .

YM N II I
H .

L ET str e n g th b e m i n e w h il e I i n v o k e th e e A g n i ! ,

e n k i ndli n t h ee m a w o r t o u r bo d i e s
g y e su pp .

M ay t h e fo u r re g i o n s b e n d an d b o w b e fo r e m e w i th
t h e e fo r g u ar di an m ay w e w in t h e co m b at .

2 B atfl i n g t h e rage o f o ur O p p o n e n t s A g n i ! g u ar d u s ,

as o u r p ro t e ct o r r o u n d ab o u t u s .

D o w n t he st ee p sl o p e g o t h ey w h o h at e u s b ack w ard , ,

an d l e t t h e i r t h o u g h t w h o w at c h at h o m e b e r u i n e d .

3 M ay al l t h e G o ds b e o n m y si de i n b at t l e t h e ,

M ar u t s l e d by I n dra V i shnu A gn i , .

M i n e b e t h e m i ddl e air 3 e x t e n de d regi o n an d m ay ,

t he W i n d bl o w fav o u r i n g t h ese m y w i sh e s .

4 F o r m e l e t t h e m p rese n t al l m i ne o bl at i o n s an d l e t ,

m y m i n d s i n t e n t i o n b e acc o m p li sh e d
’
.

M ay I b e g u ilt l e ss o f t h e l east t r an sg re ssi o n m ay

al l t h e G o ds c o m e h i t h er an d p r o te c t m e .

5 M ay th e Go ds gr an t m e r i ch es m ay th e bl e ssi n g an d ,

i n v o cat i o n o f th e G o ds assi st m e .

T h i s bo o n sh all t he ce l est i al H o tars w i n u s : m ay w e ,

u n w o u n d e d h ave b r av e h e ro e s r o u n d u s
,
.

6 Y e si x di v i n e E x p an se s g i v e u s fre e do m H e r e al l
, .
,

e G o ds acqu i t y o u r se l v e s li k e h e r o e s
y ,
.

L e t n o t cal am i ty o r c u r se o e r tak e u s n o r de eds o f

’

w i ck e d n ess t h at m e r i t h at red .

T h e h ym n , w h ich is t ak en , w it h var iat io n s, from Big veda 1 28, X .

ascrib ed t o t h e Bish i V ih avya o f t h e fam il y o f A u g iras, is a p rayer

add r essed b y a King t o A gn i, I n dra, an d vario us o t h er d ei t ies fo r vi c

t o ry in b at t l e, an d gen eral p ro te ct i o n an d p ro sp e rity .

l T he f ou r r eg i o n s t he Kin g is ab o u t to un dertak e a Digm j aya,

the j
su b u gat ion o f t he n eigh b o u r i n g co u n t r ies in all d ir ect io ns .

2 Dow n the steep sl op e t hat l eads to dest ru ct io n .

5 C el esti al H o tar s th e H o tar-p rie sts o f the God s . A cco rdin g t o

Si yana, m y i n v o k e rs o f t h e Go d s
’
.

6 Si x d i vi ne E xp anses t h e fo ur card in al p oi n t s, an d up p er an d

l o w er sp ace s o r zen it h an d n ad ir .
19 4 was su ms or [ B OO K 7.

2 B ro u gh t f ro m t h e S no w y M o u ntain, b o rn on t he
h i g h h ill w h ere eagl e s bre ed ,
M e n seek to b u y t h ee w h e n t h ey h ear : fo r F ev e r s ’

B an i sh e r t h ey k n o w .

3 I n t h e t h i rd h eave n ab o ve u s stan ds t h e A svatth a

t re e , t he se at o f G o ds .

T h ere t h e Go ds so u g h t t h e Ku sh tha P lan t, e m bo di

m e n t o f e n d l ess li fe .

4 T h e re t h r o u gh h eav e n a go l de n sh ip , a sh i p
m o ve d
w it h co rdage w r o ug h t o f g o l d .

Th e re th e Gods wo n t h e Ku sh th a P l an t , th e b l o sso m
o f e tern al l i fe .

5 T h ey il ed
sa on p at h w a s y p aved w it h g l do , th e c ars
t h ey li ed w e re w r o u g h t o f g o ld
A l l go l e n w e re t h e sh i p s w h e re i n t h ey carrie d K ush
t h a d o w n t o e ar t h .

6 O Ku sh tha, b ri ng t h o u hi th er w ard th i s m an o f m in e ,
r e st o re h is h e al t h ,
Y ea, fre e h im fro m di sease fo r m e .

7 T h o u art desce n de d fro m t h e Go ds, So m a s be nig

’

n an t fr i e n d art th o u .

B efr i e n d m y b reat h an d v ital air, be gr aciou s u n to

t h i s m i n e ey e .

8 Sp ru ng , n o rt h w ard, fr o m th e Sno n H ill th o u art

ye d to easte rn m en
co n v e .

t h e m sel ves Ku sh th a s
’
T h e re t h ey deal o u t am o n g
m o st n o bl e q u ali t i es .

9 M o st e x ce ll en t i n deed ar t
, , t ho u , Ku sh th a l m o st
n o bl e i s t h si
y re .

3 A svat tha tree : F icus R e l ig iosa o r H o l y F ig t ree ; see H 6 I,

S
-
.

n o te . T h e v irt u es ascrib ed t o Ku sh t h a are so m an ifo l d an d m igh ty

t h at t h e p l an t m ust h ave a cel estial o rigin T he Sam oan s t h in k t hat
.

t h e ir m ost val u ed vegetab l es w ere sto l en from h eaven b y a Sam oan

v isit o r ( Lan g s C usto m an d M yt h )
’ ’
.

9 T hy si r e : Kush tha s fat h er is said to b e Jivel s, V ivi fi er ( XI X 39

’
. .

T h e h ym n h as b een t ran sl ated w ith no te s b y Gril l , H un dert Lieder,

pp 9
.
, l 4 l .
m m m s A T H A R V A V E DA -
. 195

M ak e al l Co n su m p t i o n p ass aw a y an d r e n der F e ve r
p o w er e ss. l
M alady t h at affe cts th e head, ey e w eak n ess, b o dil y -

de fe ct
A l l t h i s l e t K u sh th a h eal an d cu re : aye , go dli k e is
the v i g o ro u s p o w e r .

YM N
H V .

A ut u is t hy mn g ran dsi re , N i gh t t hy m o th e r , an d
t h e Cl o u d t h y si re .

T h y n am e is calle d S il achi . T ho u , thy se l f, ar t s st eri

of Go ds th e .

2 Wh o e v er dr i n k eth th ee h ath li fe : th o u savest an d

ro t e ct est m an
p .

A s n u rs n g m o t h e r o f m an k n d,
i i th o u tak e st al l u p o n
t hy l ap .

3 T h o u cli n g est l
c o se to e v er y tree , as a fo n d dam se l
c as
p l h e r l o ve s .

T h n am e is c all ed T h e C o n q u er o r , Sh e w h o S tan ds
T
e st , T h e R e scu e r .

4 W hat ev er w ou n d t h e arro w or th e st aff o r v i o l e n ce , ,

i n fli cts ,

Th ere of th o u art the rem edy : as su ch resto re this

m an to h eal th .

5 T h o u sp ringest fro m bl est P lar a o r A svat tha Dhava , , ,

Kh ad i ra ,

P arna o r bl e st Nyagro dh a so co m e th o u t o u s
,
'

, ,

A r u n dh ati i

T h e hym n is a charm , ad dressed t o 5 Pl ant , t o m en d a b ro k en b o n e .

1 Si l dch i : m o re usu al l y cal l ed A ru n d hat l as in stan zas 5 an d 9, a

m edicinal cl im b in g p l an t fo rm e rl y app l ie d in cases o f sev ere co n tu sio n
o r frac t u re See I V
. no t e Si ster of the Gods : se e n o t e o n V 4 3
. . . . .

5 P l az a : t h e Waved l eaf F ig t ree , F icu s I n fect o ria, a l arge an d b eau t i

- -

ful t ree w it h sm al l w h ite fru it A svat tha F icu s R e l igim Se e I I I

.
.

6 l Dhava a sh ru b , Gr isl ea T o rm en to sa Khad i r a A cacia C at ech u

. . .
.

Sec I I I 6 l
. . P anza : Bu t ea F ro ndosa
. Sec I I I 5 4 N yag r odha . . . .

F icus I n d ica Sec I V 37 4 . M icah /3 m ean in g ap p aren t l y a p l an t o n

. . .

w h ich t h e co ch in eal i n sect w h ich rodu ces t he red d e l i k h , l ac is fo u n d

p y ( ) .
1 96 T H E H YM N S or [ s oo n

6 Go l d co l o u red b ri ng i n g h ap p y fate m o st l o ve ly
-
, , ,

b r illi an t as t h e S u n ,

M ay st t h o u O H e ali n g ! c o m e u n t o t h e fract u r e :
,

H e al in g is t hy n am e .

7 Go ld co l o u r ed b ri n g i n g h ap py fat e o do r o u s h ai ry
-
, , ,

b o di e d o n e ,

T h e si st er o f t h e W at e rs art t h o u L fik sh h ! an d t hy ,

so u l is W i n d .

8 S il ach i is th y n am e : t h y si r e O g o at b ro w n ! is a ,
-

d am se l s so n
’
.

T h o u h ast b e e n sp r i n k l e d by th e m o u th o f Yam a s ’

t aw n y co l o u r e d h o r se
-
.

9 I ssu i n g fro m t h e h o r se s bl o o d aw ay sh e glide d t o ’

t h e t re e s .

B e co m e a w i n g éd w at e r -
b ro o k ,
an d co m e to u s,

A ru n dh ati !

H YM N V I .

E A ST WA R D at fi rst th e p raye r w as ge n erat e d : V e n a

‘

d i scl o se d b r ig h t fl ash e s fr Om t h e su m m i t ,
D i sc l o se d h is de e p e st n e ar e st r e ve l at i o n s, w o m b o f
t h e n o n e x i st e n t an d e x i st e n t
-
.

8 T hy si r e t h e C l ou d I h av e t ran sl at ed t he t e xt as i t stan d s b u t
.

D n i n d aj a
’
c l ear r Gril l sa s, I k h
’
t h e m e a n in g is n o t .
y . re a d d bab h r u g
an d t ran sl ate s acco rd i n gl y Sil fich i is a dam sel s ch il d ( dau gh t e r o f
’

N igh t ), t h y fat h er b ro w n re d l i k e t h e g o at -
’
im m er, do u b t in gl y, . Z
t ran sl at es sim il arl y H ast been sp r i n k l ed by th e m ou th : i t w o ul d b e
.

b e t te r , p
e r h ap ,s t o r e a l asn d: w i t h t h e b l oo d ,
’
i n st ea d o f dead; b y t h e

m o u t h , as su g gest ed b y P ro f W h it n ey , i n h is I n d ex V erb o r u m , fo ll o w
’
.

ed b y Dr Gri l l w h o re fers t o t h e an ci e n t Ge rm an custo m o f sp ri n kl in g

.

Yam a s h orse does n o t ap p ear t o b e m en ti o n ed

’
ho l y t rees w it h b l oo d .

e l se w h ere .

9 B ecom e a w i ngéd w ater -b roo k com e sw ift l y as a rap id st ream .

T h e h ym n h as b een t ran sl ated b y i m m er, A I Leb en , p 67 Z . . . an d ,

w it h n o te s, b y Gri l l , H u n dert L ied e r, p p 1 0, 1 4 2 . .

T h e h ym n is m ain l y a p rayer fo r p ro t ect ion an d p rospe rity .

I T h is stanza is re p eate d fro m I V 1 1 . . .

1 98 m s H YM N S or [ s o o x r .

8 F re e us fro m t r o u bl e , fr e e us fro m di sh o n o u r, acce p t

o ur w o r sh i p , g iv e u s li fe i m m o rtal .

9 0 m i ssil e o f t he ey e , m i ssil e o f sp i r i t , th o u m i ssil e of

d e v o t i o n an d o f fe r v o u r !
Tho u ar t t h e w eapo n sh o t aga n st i t h e w e ap o n . L et
t h o se he w e ap o n l e ss w h o si n ag ai n st u s .

M ak e i
w th t hy w e ap o n w e ap o n l e ss , O A g ,n i a l l
w i ck ed m e n w h o deal w i t h u s as fo e m e n w i th e y e ,
w i t h t h o u g h t w i t h sp i r i t o r i n te n t i o n
, ,
.

Th o u ar t t h e ho u se o f I nd ra I be tak e m e t o t h ee .
,

I e n t er t h ee w i t h al l m y cat tl e ,

W i t h al l m y p e o p l e an d w it h al l m y b ody w it h al l ,

m y so u l w i t h m i n e e n t i r e o sse ssi o n s
, p .

T h o u art t h e gu ard o f I n dra I b e tak e m e to t h ee e t c

.
, .

Th o u ar t t he sh i e l d o f I n dra I betak e m e t o t h ee e tc
.
, .

I n dra s p ro t ect i o n ar t t h o u I be t ak e m e t o t h ee
’
.
,

I e n te r t h ee w i th al l m y cat t l e ,

W i th al l m y p e o p l e an d w i th al l m y b o dy w ith al l ,

m y so u l w i t h m i n e e n t i re p o ssessi o n s
, .

H YM N V II .

B am o th o u t o b ar u s, not t h e w ay , A rdti ! Stay n o t

t h e g u er do n th at is b e i n g b ro u g h t u s .

H o m ag e b e p ai d to F ail u re , to M i sfor t u n e, and

M ali gn i ty .

9 T he rem ai n de r o f t h e h m i —
m tr i al
y n s no n e c .

1 1 T he house of I n dr a t h e t h irte en t h m o n t h is t h e su b ject o f m an y

wi l dl y fan cifu l sp ecu l at io n s i n t he l ater V edic l it erat ure H ere th e next .

w o rl d ap p ears to b e referred to .

T h e hym n is a ch arm to dep recat e A rfit i, o r M al ign ity p erso n ifi ed .

l Gu er don t h e dakshi na o r ho no rari u m gi ven t o t h e p riest s w h o

o fi ciat c at a sacri fi ce T h e sp eak er , w h o be l o ngs t o t he sace rd o t al
.

h o p es t h at h is fees m ay
cl ass, n ot dim in ish . See Big veda X . 1 07 .
addressed t o Dak sh infi .
B r am was e ras e rs re m . 1 9a

2 T he m an w ho m t h o u p r e fe rrest, O A rati, h e w h o
p r at es to us
T h is m an o f t hi n e , w e re ve re n ce B affl e n o t th o u m y .

’
h ear t s de si r e .

3 M ay o u r desi r e w h i ch Go ds h ave r o used fu lfil i tse l f

by day and n igh t .

W e se e k t o w in A r fit i : to A rfiti b e o u r h o m age p aid .

4 W e su pp l ian t call o n B h aga o n Saras vati A n u m ati

, , , , .

Pl easan t w o rds hav e I sp o k e n swe et as h o n ey is , ,

at i n vo cat i on s o f t h e G o ds .

5 T h e p o rt i o n th at I crave w i th sp eech i n te llige n t an d

fu ll o f p o w e r ,

M ay fai th p rese n t ed w i th t h e gi ft o f taw n y S o m a

, ,

fi nd to d ay -
.

6 D o n o t t h o u m ak e o u r w o rds o r w i sh es fr u i t l e ss L e t .

t he t w ai n , I n dra A g n i , b r i n g u s t reasu r es .

A l l , fai n t o d ay to gi ve us g i fts, wel co m e A rati w i th

y o u r l o ve .

7 M isfo rt u n e ! go tho u ih r away we t ur n th y h arm ful

dart aside .

I k n o w th ee w e l l , A rat i ! as o p pressor , o ne w ho .

p e n e t rat e s.

8 O ft , co m i n g as a n ake d gi r l tho u b ann te st p eo p l e in

t h e ir sl e e p ,
B ath i n g t h e t h o u gh t , A x fit i and t h e firm i n ten t i o n
o f a m an .

9 T o h er t h e m igh ty , v ast in size, who p en e t rat es all

o i n ts o f s ace ,
p p
T o h er m i ne ho m age ha ve I pai d, N i t rit i w i th he r
o l de n hai r
g .

4 T h e se co n d h em isti ch h as fo u r h yp erm etri cal syl l ab l es : m ad/m e

m attm , sw eet as h o n ey, m ay b e a g l oss t h at h as cre p t in t o t h e t ext .

8 C f Bu rt on s acco un t o f su ccu b ae ( Anato m y o f Melan ch o l , Part

’ ’ ‘
.
y

N i tr i ti t h e sp eak er gi ves A rfit i t h e n am e o f t he far m ore po werful

‘

Goddess o f M isfo rt u n e, Destr u ct io n , an d Death .

T h e h ym n h as b een t ran sl ated b y Lu dwig, Der R igveda, 11 1

p . .

and, with ann otatio ns, b y Gril l , H un dert Lieder, p p 39, 1 4 5 . .

200 TH E su m OF BO OK 7
[ .

10 A i i
u sp c o u s, w i t h he r go lde n h u e, p ill o w ed on
g o ld ,

the m ig h t y o n e,
T o t h i s A rati c l ad in ro b es of
g o ld m nei h om age
h ave I p ai d .

H YM N V II I .

W fu e l of V ik ank ata b r i n g m o l t e n b u t te r
a
n t o th e
o de .

O A gni , m ak e t he m j o y ful h e re l et th e m al l co m e
u n to m
y ca ll .

2 O I n dra , co m e u n t o m
y ca ll T hi s
. w ill I do . S o h ear
i t th o u .

L e t t h ese e x er ti o n s for t h e sak e o f I ndra g u i de m y

w i sh arigh t .

T h ere w i t h , O Jfitav edas, L o rd o f B o di es ! m ay w e

w in u s stre n g th .

W h ate v e r p l o t fro m yo n der O ye Gods t h at go dl ess

3 , ,

m an w o u l d fram e ,

L e t n o t t h e Go ds c o m e t o h is call n or A g n i hear h is ,

o ffe r i n C m o m e h i t h er t o m a ll
g up o e y e c .
y c , .

4 R u n y e E x er t i o n s far th e r o n B y I n dra s o r de r
’
, .
,

sm i t e an d sl ay .

A s a w o l f w o r ri e t h a sh e e p so l et n o t h i m e scap e ,

fro m y o u w h il e li fe r e m ai n s S t o p fast his br eat h . .

5 T h e B rahm an w h o m t h o se y o n de r h av e ap p o i n t ed
r i e st fo r i nj u r y
p , ,

H e I n dra ! is b e n e at h t h y fe e t
, I cast h im t o t h e .

God of Deat h .

T h e hym n is a ch arm fo r t h e d isco m fi t u re and dest ru ct io n of h ost il e

r iest s
p .

1 V ikari kata a t h o rny t ree ( Fl aco u rt ia Sap ida) u sed as fuel at

sacr ifi ces an d as t h e m aterial o f t h e gr eat l ad l e call ed dhr w d, an d
sau ce rs fo r So m a u ice j .

4 E x er ti on s t he effo rts m ad e b y t h e p riests t o secu re th e du e p erfo r

m an ce o f t h e sacri fi ce , p e rso n i fi ed Sm i te an d sl ay t h e h ost il e p.ri est s .

5 M u ir o b serves ( O S T ext s, I an d yet w it h all t h is sacre d

‘
. . .

ne ss o f h is ch aract er t h e p ri est m u st b e devo t ed to d est ru ct io n , i f, in

t h e in t e rest o f an en em , he is seek in g b y h is cerem o n ies to e ffect t he

r u in o f t h e w o rsh ip p er
-
y .
203 m s g ra ms or {s cor r.

7 i
M ne e ye is S d rya an d m
y b r e a t h i s V A ta A i r i s m y ,

so u l an d Pri t h i vi m y b o dy .

I v er ily w ho n e v e r h a ve b e e n c o n q u e r e d g i v e u p m y
li fe t o H eav e n and E arth fo r k ee p i ng .

8 Ex al t m l i fe m y s t r e n g t h m y d e e d a n d a c ti o n ;
y , ,

i ncrease m y u n de rstandi ng an d m y v igo u r .

B e y e m y p o w e rfu l k e e
p e rs w a t c h a,
n d g u a r d m e ,

e m i t r e s s e s o f li fe a n d l i fe s c r e at o r s ! D ’
w e l l
y s

e w i t h i n m e a n d fo r b e a r t o h a r m m e
y
.
,

H YM N X .

T n ou ar t m y w all o f st o n e ag ai n st t he i
s n ner w ho
fi gh t s agai nst m e fro m t h e east e rn
q u art e r .

M ay h e e n co u n te r it !
2 Th o u art m y w all o f sto ne agai n st th e si n n e r w ho
fi g h ts agai n st m e fro m t he so u t hern quar ter .

M ay h e e n co u n t e r it !
3 Th o u art m w a ll of sto n e ag a nst i the i
s n ne r wh o
y
fi gh t s agai n st m e fro m th e w este r n quar te r .

M ay h e e n co u n te r i t !
4 T ho u art m y w all o f sto n e aga nst i the i
s n n er wh o
fi g hts agai n st m e fro m t h e n o rt h er n
q uart er .

M ay h e e n co u n t e r it !

7 M i ne eye i s Sflr ya M ay Siirya, so vran Lord

cf. o f eyes, p ro te c t
m e
’
( V 24
. . So So cram s says ( Pl ato, R ep u bl ic, V I . I regard

e eye) as t h e m su n l i k e o f al l t h e o rgans o f se nsat io n

it ( t h ost
( see

M u i r, O S T ext s, V . .C o m p are al so t h e Fu n eral H ym n , R igv eda

.

X 1 6 3 : T h e sun receiv e t h in e eye, t h e w in d t hy sp irit : go, as thy

.
‘
.

h eaven
’
m erit is, to eart h o r .

T h e h ym n co n tains a separat e p rayer t o each of th e deities wh o

reside o v er t h e reg io n s ( see I 31 I ) fo r p ro t e ct io n fro m t h e e n em
p
. .
y
w h o t h r eat en s t h e sp eak er fr om t h e q
u ar te r u n de r t h e Go d s s ecial
’

p
j u risd ict io n . T h e deit ies are ( ) g ( )
1 A n i 2 Y am a ( 3) V aru na ( )
4 So m a .

1 M ay he encou n ter i t : m ay t h e en em y k n ock his h ead again st that wall .

H YM N m m em u : m u m . 203

5 Th o u art m y w all o f sto n e agai n st t h e si nn er w ho

fi g h ts agai n st m e fro m t h e stedfast reg io n .

M ay h e e n co u n t er it 1
6 Th o u ar t m y wa ll of sto n e aga n st i th e i
s n n er w ho
fi g h ts i
aga n st m e fro m t h e l o fty r eg o n i !
M ay h e e n co u n t e r it l
7 Th o u ar t m y wa ll of st o n e th e
aga n st i s n n eri w ho
fro m p o i n ts i n t e r m ed iate fi gh ts agai n st m e .

M ay h e e n co u n t er it !
8 W i th B rihat I i n v o k e th e m n d, w i i t h M atarisvan
b o t h t h e b reat h s ,

T h e ey e fro m S fl rya, an d th e car fro m A ir, t h e b o dy

fro m t h e E ar t h .

W e , w i t h Sarasvati w h o su i ts t h e m n d, ca
i ll S p e ech
t o co m e t o u s .

H Y M N XI .

H t e rri bl e i n m ig ht , hast th o u he re sp o k en to
ow ,
r e at G o d, h o w t o t h e g o l d h u e d F at he r ?
g
-

T h y m i n d w atch e d, g re e dy V ar n na ! t o re co ver
b ri n dl ed co w t ho u hadst be sto we d as gu e rdo n .

5 Stedf ast r eg i on . the n adir.

6 Lo fty regio n th e ze n i t h .

8 Brih at a Si m an , p sal m o r sacred so n g in t h e Brihat i m et re Sec

”
.

I II 3 2
. m ar zip an h ere ap paren t l y m ean in g V i ta o r Win d
. . B o th .

the breathe in spirat io n an d ex

p irat io n . T he eye f r om Sti r s
/a see V .

9 7 A ir
. . : as t he co n du cto r o f so u n d . E ar th see V . 9 7
. . Who su i te

the m i n d b eing the wise Go ddess of el o q u en ce an d l earni ng Sp eech .

V i k , sp eech perso ni fied and dei fi ed See I V 1 2

. . . .

T h is cu rio us h ym n co n t ai ns a d ial ogu e b etw een t h e p ri m eval p riest

A thar van an d V aru na ab o u t t h e p ossessio n o f a w o n derf u l b rin dl ed
co w . T h e Go d has b esto w ed th e co w u o n
p t he priest , an d no w ret rac ts

h is gift . A t harvan re m o nst rat es.

l A t harvan sp eak s. Sp oken decl ared th y p ro m ise t o gi ve m e t he

cow . T he great God H eaven . T he gol d hi n d F ather the Sun.
-
204 rm ; B u ms or [ 3 00K r .

2 N o t thro u gh desi re do I r e vo k e m y p re se n t : I b r i ng
t h i s b ri n dl ed co w t o co n t e m p l at e h e r .

N o w by w h at lo re , by w h at i n h e re n t n at u r e , k n o w est
t ho u al l t h i n gs t h at i
e x st , A t har van 7

3 Tr u ly I am p ro fo u n d i n w i sdo m , tr u ly I k no w by
n at u r e al l e x st n g cr e at u res i i .

N o D asa by h is g re at n e ss, n o t an A ry a, m ay v o ate i l

t h e l aw t hat I w ill stabli sh .

4 No ne ,
l f de p e n den t V aru na l existeth w i ser
se -
t h an
t ho u o r sag e r by h is w i sdo m .

T h o u k n o w e st w e l l al l t hese creat e d be i ngs : ev n e

th e m an o f w o n dr o u s p o w e rs fears t h e e .

5 O l f de p e n de n t V aru na w i se directo r t h o u k n o w est

se -
, ,

v e r i l y all ge n erat i o n s .

W h at is u n e r ri n g o n e ! beyo n d th i s r eg i o n W hat
,
7

m o re r e m o t e t h an t h at w h i c h is m o st d i stan t ?

6 O n e t h i n g t h e re is b ey o n d t h i s air an d so m e th i ng ,

b ey o n d th at o n e m o st h ard t o re ach re m o t e st
, , .

I V aru na w ho k n o w t o t h e e decl are it L e t chu rl s

, , , .

b e m i g h ty i n t h e l o w er r eg i o n s L e t Dfis as si n k .

i n to t h e e arth b e n eath t h e m .

7 M an y re p roach es V ar u na do st t h o u u tter agai nst

, ,

t h e m i se rs w ho r e v o k e t h e i r p r ese n ts .

B e n o t t ho u adde d t o t h at cro w d o f n i ggards : l e t

n o t m e n call t h e e an il l ibe ral g i ve r .

2 V aru na re p l ies. To con tem p l ate her or, to cou n t he r w it h t h e

rest o f t h e h erd .

3 I n t h is an d t h e t w o fol l o w ing stan zas A t harvan sp eak s .

6 V a ru n a re p l i es B e.
y o n d t h e a i r i s h e a v e n , a n d b ey o n d t ha t is

in fi n it y . B u t t h e u esq
t i o n a n d a n s w e r are o b sc u re ly w o r d e d M u i r .

t ran s l a te s t h e q u e s t io n a n d a n s w e r di ff e re n t l y : W h a t o t h e r t hi n g i s

b eyo n d t h is a t m os p h e re ? a n d w h a t i s n e a re r t h a n t h a t re m o t es t t h in g,
0 t h o u u n e rr in g ? T h er e i s o n e t h i n g b ey o n d t hi s a t m os p h e re a n d
o n t h is side o f t h at o n e t h ere is t h at w hi ch i s n ear t h o u gh i n acce ssibl e)

I , V ar u na t h e no m in at i ve, as re u ired b y t h e co n t ext q T h e t ext has .

V aru na in t h e vocat i ve .

7 A t harvan sp eak s .
cot m e n u s or [ 3 00 1 r .

O bservant , b ri gh t bri ng th e m h i th er Tho u

as M it ra, .

art a sap i en t an d fo re k n o w i n g e n v o y .

2 T an fi n ap fit fai r to n gu ed l w i t h sw e e t m eath bal m i ng

,
-

t h e p at h s an d w ay s o f O rder m ak e t h e m p l e asan t,
.

Bear to t h e Go ds o u r sac rifi ce e xal t i n g w i t h h o ly ,

t h o u g h ts o u r h y m n s o f p raise an d w o rsh i p .

3 I n v o k ed deser ving p rayer an d ado rat io n O A gni,

, ,

co m e acco rdan t w i t h t h e V asu s .

T h o u art 0 y o u t h fu l L o rd t h e Go ds I n vo k er so,
, ,
’
,

be st o f sacrifi cers b r i ng th e m q u i ck ly
, .

4 B y ru l e th e Sac red Grass is scat t e r e d east w ard a ,

r o b e t o cl o t h e t h i s eart h w he n daw n s ar e b reak i n g .

W i de ly it sp reads aro u n d an d far e xte n ded fai r fo r ,

t h e Go ds an d br i ng i n g p eace an d fre edo m .

5 L et th e e xpansi ve Do o rs b e w i de ly o p e n ed l i k e ,

w i ve s w h o deck t h e i r b eau ty fo r t h e i r h u sban ds .

Lo fty ce l est i al al l i m p e lli ng Po rtal s ad m i t th e Go ds

, ,
-
,

an d g i ve t h e m easy e n tran ce !

6 P o u r i ng sw e et de ws l e t ho ly Nigh t an d M o rn i n g ,

each cl o se t o eac h b e seate d at t h e i r statio n

, ,

Lo fty ce l est i al Dam es w it h o l d to deck t h em

, ,

assu m i ng all th e i r fai r an d iant beau ty .

2 T anan ap dt q
Son o f T h ysel f ; a fre u en tl y recu rrin g n am e o f
or,

A gn i, cal l ed b ecause fi re is som et im es se l f gen erated, as in t h e l igh t

-
so

n in g, o r d ced b att r it io n , an d n o t n ecessaril y der i ved fro m o t h er

p ro u y
fi re . Ot h er fan cifu l derivat ions o f the word are gi ven . Or der sacri.

fi ce o rdain ed b y d ivin e l aw .

3 V asus Gods . You thf u l co n t in u al l y rep rodu ced b y th e fi re dr il l -

.

4 Sacr ed Gr ass bat his ; gen eral l y k u ga grass, st rew n o n th e p l ace

-

o f sacrifi ce, esp ecial l y on t h e V ed i o r al t ar, an d fo rm in g a l ayer o n

w h ich th e o ffer in gs are p l aced, an d a seat fo r t h e sacr ifi cer s an d t he

Go ds wh o are p resen t at t h e cerem o n y. H ere t h e Sacred Grass is
rso n ifi ed an d deifi ed
p e .

5 Do or s of th e sac rifi cial cham b er, represen t in g th e p o rtal s of t he

east ern h eaven .
a rm m e n ew 207

7 Co m e th e fi rst tw o l
ce est a i l swe e t v o ce -
i d H o tars,

arran g n g sacr iifi ce fo r m an to w o rshi p ,

A s si n g e rs w h o i n sp i re u s i n asse m bli es sh o w i ng th e ,

e ast e r n li ht w i t h t h e i r di r e c t i o n 1
g
8 L et t rat i co m e q u i ck ly t o o ur w o rsh i
p a n d 1 1a
sh o w i n
g li k e a h u m an b e i n g .

S o l e t Se rasvatl and b o t h h er fe ll o w s defl; Go ddesses , ,

o n t h i s fai r rass b e se at e d
g .

9 H o tar m o re sk ill ed i n sacr ifi ce b ring h i th er w ith ,

s e ed to day God T vash tar th o u w h o k n o w est,

p
-
,

E ve n h im w h o fo r m ed t h e se t wo , th e E art h an d
H eav e n , th e P ar en ts, w i th th e i r fo rm s, an d e ve ry
c r eat u re .

B r i n g th o u t o o u r o b at o ns w h ch
l i i th o u b al m est the
co m an es o f
Gods i n o rde re d seaso n
i
p .

A g n i V an aspat i t h e I m m o l at o r sw ee t en o u r o ffered
, ,

i ft s w i th m eat h an d b u tt e r !
g
A g n i as so o n as h e w as bo rn m ade ready th e sacri
fi c e an d w as t h e Go ds p r ec e de r
’
.

M ay t he Go ds eat o u r o ffe r i n g c o n secrate d acco rdi n g

’
t o t h is t r u e Pr i est s v o i ce an d g u i dan ce .

7 H o tar s p e rhap s Agn i an d V aru na .

8 Bhar ati ( cal l ed al so M ah i), 1 m , an d Saraw atf are Go ddesses w ho

i d ver sacred s eech, a r an d ai
p res e o p p y
r e p r se .

9 H o tar m o r e ski l l ed A gn i, su p e r io r in sacrifi cial k n owl edge an d

sk il l to al l h u m an p riests . T vaeh ta r : t h e d iv ine artifi cer . Sec I I 5 6

. . .

1 0 Vanasp ati : l ite ral l y , Lo rd of t he Wood , h ere m ean in g th e

sacrifi cial p ost , w h ich is en u m erat ed am ong t he A p ri deiti es or deifi ed
j
o b ects, an d regard ed as a fo rm of A gn i .

Ot h er A p ri hy m ns, gen eral l y add ressed to t h e sam e deit ies o r deifi ed

j
o b ec ts, are Bg
i v eda I 1 3, 1 4 2, 1 8 8 . II . 3 5 II I . 4; V . 5; V II 2 5.

IX 5 . .
 “

r aw H YMNS or
‘

[ 3 0 03 r?

H Y M N XIII .

V s n u ns, S age of
h eav en , h ath i ve n me th e gi ft
w ith s
p e ll s o f m i ht y
g p o w e r I g raw t hy p o i so n o u t .

D ug pu ,
n ot du g , ad h e re n t , I h av e se i ze d i t fast : l o w
h at h t hy v eno m su n k li k e w at e r i n t h e san ds .

2 A l l t h e n o n fl u id p o rt i o n o f th y v e n o m , I rece i ve i n
-

t h e se .

I tak e t hy m i ddl e m o st , t h y h igh e st , l o w est j u i ce

m ay i t be sp en t an d l o st by r e aso n o f th y fe ar .

3 Str o n g is m y c ry li k e t h u n der w i t h t h e r ai n y c l o u d
w i t h p o w e rfu l i n can t at i o n l e t t hy str e ng th he
sta ed
y .

I , w i t h t he m en t o aid , h av e sei ze d t h at j u i ce o f h is
as li g h t fro m o u t t he g l o o m , l e t S fi r a r i se o n h i h
y g .

4 I w th t h
i destr o y t h i n e eye , an d w i t h t h i s p o i
i s ey e
so n co n u e r t h i n e
q .

Li v e n o t, 0 S nak e, b u t die th e death back g o t hy

v e n o m o n t h y se l f .

5 L iste n to m e, B lack S n ak es an d h at e fu l cr e at u r es,

Lu rk e r -
,
in -
Grass K arai t
, B r o w n , a n d S p o t t yan d
,

A pp ro ach n o t n e ar t he h o u se m
y fr i e n d i n habi ts

1 v e w ar n i n , an d r est q u i e t w i t h y o ur i
g g p o so n .

T h e h ym n is a ch arm again st sn ak es .

l T hy p oi son a sn ak e is add resse d .

2 I n these t h ere is n o cl u e t o t h e fem i n in e su b stan t i ve : p erh a s

p
som e h erb s ar e in t en ded .

3 T he t ext of t h e seco n d p i da of t h e fi rst h em ist ich is co rru p t , an d

my t ran sl at io n t h e reo f is o n l y a m ak eshift .

5 Kam i t kai r atu , t h e n am e o f a variet

y of sn ak e, m ean s fo u n d
Kirhtas,
'

th e b arb arou s t r ib es w ho in h ab it w oo ds an d
’
am o n g th e o ne o f

m o u n tain s an d l i ve b y h u nt in g ( t h e Kirrh adae o f A rt ian ) T he Karait .

is o n e o f t h e m ost deadl y o f I n dian T han ato p h idia T he hou se m y .

f r i en d i n habi ts a co n ect ur al v e j
rsio n , stdm dna m o f t h e t ext b ein g a
’

cox n i h i l i .
210 T H E H YM N S or ( B OOK r.

HYM N XI V .

A N eag e fo u n d l t h e e w i t h h is snou t a w il d b o ar du g
t h e e fr o m t h e eart h .

H ar m t h o u 0 Pl an t t h e , ,
m sch ev o u s, an d
i i d ri ve t h e
so rce re r aw a y .

2 B eat t h o u t h e Y atu dhfi n as back , d ri v e t h o u aw a y th e

so rc e r er ;
A n d c h ase afar , 0 Pl an t , th e m an w h o fai n wo u l d do
us i nj u ry .

t w e re a st r i p ro u n d fr o m sk n i of a w h te i
’
3 A s cu t

fo o t e d an t e l o p e ,
B ind ,
li k e a g o l de n c ha n , i O G o d, his w t ch craft o n
i
th e so r c e r e r .

4 Tak e t h o u h is so rce r y b y t h e h an d, an d to th e so r

cer e r l e ad i t back .

L ay it be fo re h i m face ,
t o face , t h at i t m ay k ill t h e
so rc e re r .

5 B ack t h e w i zard fall h is craft , u p o n t h e cu rse r

on

li gh t his cu rse !
L e t w i tc h craft , li k e a w e ll n av e d car , r o l l b ack u p o n -

t h e so r c e r e r .

6 W h o so ,
fo r o th e r s
’
h ar m h at h —
dea t w o m an o r m an
l
i n m ag i c ar t s ,

T o h im w e l e ad t h e so r ce r y back ,
e v e n as a c o u rse r

w i th a r o p e .

7 Now w h et h e r t h o u h ast bee n p re

p are d by G o ds or
b e e n p r e p ar ed by m e n ,

W e w i t h o u r I n dra at o u r side
, to aid u s, l ead th e e
back agai n .

T h e h ym n is a ch arm again st w it ch craft .

1 A 11 eagl ef ou n d thee t h e effi cacy o f m ag ical p l an ts dep en ds i n a great

.

m easu re , u po n t h e d iffi cu l t y o f p ro cu ri ng t h em Se e Lan g ( C usto m an d .

M y t h , pp 1 4 9 sqq
. M oly . an d See al so AV . I I 27 2
. . .

4 T ho u : 0 Pl an t .

7 T h ou : t h e Sp el l cast b y th e e n em y .
H YM N m s A T H A R V A V E DA -
. 21 1

8 A gni, i
v c to r o u s i in fi gh t , su bd u e th e ar m i es of o ur

fo e s !
B ac k o n t h e so rc e re r w e cast h is so rc e r y , an d beat
i t ho m e .

9 Th o u h ast p i e rc i n g w e ap o n s, p i e rc e h i m w ho
w ho
h at h w ro u g h t it ; c o n q u e r h i m .

W e do n o t s h ar p e n t h e e t o slay th e m an w h o hat h
n ot r ac t i se d i t
p .

Go as a so n g o es to h is i
s re : bit e as a t ram
p l e d
vi p e r bi t e s .

A s one w h o fl i e s fro m b o n ds , g o b ack , O W i tch craft ,

to t he so r c e r e r .

E v e n as t h e t i m i d an t e l o p e o r b i n d fro m h e r assail an t
fl e es,
S o sw i ft ly l e t th e so r ce ry o e r tak e an d re ach t he
’

so r ce rer .

S tr ai gh t e r t h an an y ar r o w l e t i t fly a
g ai n st h i m ,
H e av e n an d E ar t h !
S o l e t t h at w i t c hc raf t i
se ze aga n i t h e w izard li k e a
b e ast o f c h ase .

L e t i t g o c o n t rary li k e fl am e, li k e w ate r fo ll o w i n g
it s co u rse .

L e t w i t ch c raft li k e ,
a we ll -
h av e d c ar, r o ll back upon

t he so r c e re r .

YM N X V
H .

P L A NT ! I h av e t h o se w h o sh all av e rt th e t h r e ate n e d
dan g e r , t e n an d o n e .

O sac re d Pl an t , p ro d uc e d ar i gh t ! m ak e sw e e t n e ss,

s w e e t th y se l f, fo r m e .

10 As on e w ho fl i es f r om bo n d s o r, i f bd n dh u m . t h e al t erat io n su g

g e st e d i n t h e S t Pe t e rsb u rg Di ct io n ary , b e
. read i n ste ad of hu n dh am
A s, to h is fr ien d, t h e f u g it iv e , b ack , Wit ch c raft, to t h e so r ce re r !
T h e h y m n h as b e en t ran sl at ed an d an n o tat ed b y Gril l , H u n d e r t
Lieder , pp 26, 1 4 7
. .
m an 17 m m or ( soar in

2 T we n ty an d t w o , 0 Plan t , h ave I Wh o sha ll av e rt

t h e t h re ate n ed ill .

0 sac re d Pl an t , p ro d u c ed ar g h ti ! m ak e sw ee tn e ss
sw e e t t hy se l f , fo r m e .

H YM N XV I .

B ULL ! if t h o u ar t t h e si n g l e b u ll b eget , . T ho u h ast

no v i t al sa
p .

Y M N X V II H .

T ru ss: fi rst t h e bo u n d l e ss S e a an d M htar isvan fi erce

, , ,

g l o w i n
g F i re t h e S t r o n
g t h e,B li ss b e st o w e r ,
-
,

A n d h eav e nl y Fl o o d s fi r st b o r n b y h o ly O rde r ,
-
,

e x cl ai m e d a ai n st t h e o u t ra e o n a B rah m an
g g .

2 K i ng S o m a fi rst o f al l w i t h o u t re l u ctan c e m ade re s , ,

t i t u t io n o f t h e B r ah m an s co n so r t
’
.

M i t ra an d V ar u na w e re t h e i n v i te rs : A g ni as H o t ar

t o o k h e r h an d an d le d h er .

Stan zas 3— 1 1 o f t h e h ym n , w h ich is a ch arm for ge n eral p rosp erity ,

are exac t l y t h e sam e wi t h t h e e xcep t io n o f t h e n u m b e rs w h ich in crease
b y el even in each st an za ( t h irt y an d t h ree , fo rt y an d fou r, and so o n )
u p t o o n e h u n dred an d t en i n st an za 1 0, stan za l l co n cl ud ing wit h
o n e t h o u san d and o n e h u n dred .

“
T h e h ym n, w hich a ch arm
fo r t h e 1 11 c
1s and p ro sp e rity o f cat t l e,
co n tains t en o t h er sim il ar l in es, t h e o n l y di ffer en ce b ei n g t h at in
t h e p l ace o f ekavri shsih , sin gl e b u l l , do i cri sh dh, do u b l e b u l l , o r, w o rt h
t w o b u l l s, tr i c ri shdh, t rip l e b u l l , o r, w o rt h t h ree b u l l s, an d so o n ,
fo l l o w in reg u l ar o rder u p to ekdd asah, el even fo ld , in stan za 1 1 , -

in w h ich a p od a k a h, w at er l ess, st a n d s in s t ead of t h e arasd h , sap l ess, o f

t h e p recedin g l in es .

j
T h e su b ect o f t h e h ym n , p ar t s o f w h ich are tak en fro m R igv eda X .

1 09, is t he abd u ct io n b y a Ksh at riya o f a Brah m an s w ife, an d h er

’

q
s u b se u en t resto rat io n t o h er h usb an d T h e Rig veda h ym n co n tain s o n l y .

s e ven st anzas, co n cl u d in g w it h st an za 1 1 o f t h e A t h arva veda hym n -

.

1 Sea : t h e ocean o f air M dtar q van : p rob abl y Wind F ir e

. . . A gn i .

T he St rong : I n dra B l i ss besto w er : So m a Ou tr age on a

.
-
.

Brah m i a sin , acco rdin g to Si yan a

’ ’
See n ot e on stan za 5 . .

2 W er e the i n c i ters acted as i nt erceders, or m at ch m ak ers, at th e -

21 4 TH E sn ms or [ BO OK r .

7 W h e n i n fan t s die u n t i m e ly b o r n w h e n h erds o f cat

, ,

t l e w ast e aw ay ,

W h e n h e ro e s st r i k e e ach o th e r dead th e B rah m an s

’

w i fe d e str o y e t h t h e m .

8 E ve n if te n fo r m er hu sb an ds— no ne a B rah m an — h ad
p es da m e,
o u se d a
A n d t h e n a B rah m an t o o k h e r h an d, he i s h e r h u s
ban d, o n ly h e .

9 N ot V i
a sy a, n o t Ra
j y
an a, no, t h e B rahm an is i n dee d
h er lo rd
T h is Sfi ry a i n h is co u rse
p ro c a m sl i to t h e Fi ve R ace s
o f m an k i n d .

S o th en t h e Go d s r est o red h er , so m en g ave th e

w o m an back ag ai n .

Pr i n ces w h o k e p t t h e i r p r o m i ses r e sto r e d t he B rah

m an s w e dd e d
’

H t h e B rah m an s w i fe an d f r ee d th e m
’
i av n g r e st o re d , ,

w i t h G o ds ai d fro m si n
’
, ,

T h e y sh ar e d t h e fu l n e ss o f th e e ar th an d w o n th em
se l v es e x t e n de d sw ay .

N o l o v e ly w i fe w h o b r i n gs h er do w er i n h u n dreds
r ests u
p on h is b e d,

8 Ra
j y
u n a m an o f th e m il itary an d p rin cel y cl ass Kshat riya .

1 0 Stan za 6 of Rgi
thev eda h y m n .

l l St an za 7 o f t he R ig veda h y m n .

Mr . M u ir o b ser ves at t he en d o f h is tran sl at ion of the n o n- Rg

i veda ,

p or t ion of t h e h ym n ( O S T
. e x ts, I
.
p T
. h is h.
y m n app ears to

sh o w t h at , h o w ever ext ravagan t t h e p re t en sio n s o f t h e Brah m an s w ere

in o th er r espects, t hey h ad , e ve n at th e co m p arat i v el y l at e p eriod w h en

i t w as co m p osed , b u t l it t l e regard t o t h e p u rity o f t h e sacerd o tal b l o od ,

t h ey w ere in t h e hab it o f fo rm in g un ion s w i t h t h e w ido w s

of R ajan yas or V a1syas, ev e n i f t h ey d id no t even ta k e posse ssi on of

w hil e t h ey w er e al ive
’
t h e w i v es o f su ch m en .

T h e h ym n h as b een t ran sl at ed al so b y Zim m car , Al t in disch es Leb en ,

p 1 9
. 7 , an d b y Lu d w ig , Der R i g v e da, I I I p 44 6 . . .
H YM N THE A T H A R V A V E DA -
. 21 5

W i th i n w h o se k i n gdo m is detai n e d, thr o u gh w an t of

B rah m an s dam e
’
se n se , a .

13 No b ro ad br o w e d cal f
-
w th w i i de -
se t cars is e v er in
h is h o m est ead b o r n ,

W i th i n w ho se k i n gdo m is d e tai n ed , t h ro u gh w an t o f
B rah m an dam
’
se n se , a s e .

1 4 No st e w ar d ,
g o l de n -
n e ck aced, l g o es b e fo re th e m eat
t rays of the m an

W i th i n w h o se k i n g do m i s de tai n ed , th r o u gh w an t of

B r ah m an s dam e
’
se n se , a .

1 5 No bl ack c ar e d c o u rser , w h te o f i hue, m o v es ro u d l y

p
-
,

harn e sse d to h is car

I n w h o se do m in i o n 1 s detai n ed, t h ro u gh w an t .
of

se n se , a B r ah m an s dam e
’
.

16 No lily g ro w s i
w th o va l b u lbs , no l o tu s p o o l
-
is i n h is
fi eld ,

In w h o se d o m i n i o n i s de t ai n e d, t h r o u gh l
se n se e ss

l o ve ,
a B r ah m an s d am e
’
.

1 7 T he m en w h o se task it is t o m ilk drai n not th e b r i n dl e d

co w fo r h i m
In w h o se do m i n io n is de tai n ed, th r o u gh l
se n se e ss

lo ve B rah m an s dam e
’
, a .

1 8 H is m il ch do t h n o t p ro fi t o n e , h is d rau gh t c x
-
co w -

m ast e r s n o t t h e y o k e

W h e r e ve r , se v e red fro m h is w i fe , a B rah m an sp ends

t h e m o u r n f u l n i gh t .

HYMN X V II I .

T 11 11 G o ds , 0 Pr i n c e hav e n o t best o w ed
, th is co w o n
t h e e to eat t he r e o f .

S ee k Ra n a, t o de vo u r t h e B rah m
j y
’
n o t, a an s co w
i
w h ch n o n e m ay e at .

T h e h ym n d ecl ares th e w ick ed n ess an d ru in o us q

co n se u e nces 0 f ~

ressin g an d r o b b i ng Brah m ans

o
pp .
21 5 m m: s u ms or {B e ar 7 .

2 A base R djanya , s o
p i l ed at di ce , and ru n e d i by h im
se l f m a at
, y e

T h e B ra th i nk , T c day ,
’
h m an s cow , and -
an d no t to
m o r ro w , l e t m e l i ve !
3 T he B rfihm an s co w is li k e a sn ak e ,
’
c harged w i th
d i re p o i so n , c l o t h ed w i t h sk i n .

s an yal h i t ter to the taste is she , and no ne m ay

e at o f h er .

S h e tak es aw ay h is str en h , sh e m ars h is spl e ndo ur ,

sh e r u i n s e ve ry t h i n
g li e fi r e e n k i n d led .

T hat m an drink s p oi son o f th e deadl y se rp e nt w ho

co u n ts t he B r fih m an as m ere foo d to fe e d h im .

5 W h oe v e s s i
r m i e h m , d m i n hi
t e s m a w e n
a i g n — miss
p h e m e r , co ve t i n
g h is w e a l t t h ro u g h fo lly “

I ud r a s e t s fi re al ig h t w i t hi n h is b o s o m H e w h o a cts .

t hu s is l oathe d by E ar t h an d H e ave n .

6 N o Br a h m a m ust b e i nj ured, safe as fi re fr o m hi m

w h o l o v es h im se l f .

F o r S o m a is akin to him an d I ndra guards h i m from

the cu rse .

7 T h e fo o l wh o eats t h e Brah m aus fo o d and th i nks i t

‘

p l e asan t t o t h e tast e,
E ats b u t can ne er digest, t he co w that b rist les with
’

a h u n dred bar bs .

8 H is vo ic e an arr cw s neck h is t o n gu e a b o wstring,

’
,

h is w i ndp ip es fi re e n ve l o ped h eads o f arro w s

-
,

W i t h t hese th e Brah m an p i e rces t h ro u gh b l asp he

m e rs , w i t h Gods pe d bo w s that que ll t h e h e arts
w i t h i n t h em .

9 K ee n ar ro w s h ave t h e B rfih m ans, arm ed w i th m issil e s

t he sh aft , w h e n t h ey di scharge it , ne ve r ih il eth .

P u rsu i n g h im w thi fi e ry ze al and anger, the y p i e rce

t h e fo e m an e ve n fro m a di st an ce .

4 Deadl y serp en t : t he T aim fi ta, m en t io n e d in V . 13 6. .

 m s 15
m m or [ B O OK 7 .

15 P ri n ce ! li k e a p o iso n e d arro w li k e a deadly sn ak e , ,

0 l o rd o f k i n e !
D i re is t h e B rah m an s arr o w : h e p i e r ce s his en e m i e s
’

t h erew i th .

HYMN XIX .

T ns so n s o f
V i tah avy a, t h e Srifij ayas, w ax e d e x ce e d
i n g st r o n g .

T h ey w e ll n ig h t o u ch e d t h e h eav e n s, b u t t h e y
-

w r o n ge d B hrig u an d w e re o v e r th r o w n .

2 W hen p i e r c e d B rih atsa

m en m an t h r o u
g h t h e B r fih ,

m an so n o f A u g i ras
, ,

T h e ram w i t h t e e t h i n bo t h h is j aw s th e sh e e p , ,

d e v o u re d t h e i r p ro g e n y .

3 I f m e n h ave sp at u p o n o r sh o t th e i r rh e u m u p o n a ,

B rah m an , t h ey
S it i n t h e m i ddl e o f a str eam ru n n n i g w i th bl o o d ,

de v o u ri ng h ai r .

W h il e y e t th e B rah m an s co w w h i ch m en are dressi ng

’
4
q u i v ers i n h e r t h r o es ,

Sh e m ars t h e k i n g do m s S p l e n do u r : t h e re n o v i g o r
’

o u s h e r o sp r i n g s t o li fe .

5 Te rr ibl e is h e r cu t t i n g u p : h er b i tt er fl esh is cast -

aw ay ,

A n d it is c o u n ted sin am o n g th e F ath ers i f h er m il k

i s dru nk .

. T he j
su b ec t o f t h e h ym n is t he w ick edn ess an d the r u inou s co nse

q u en ces o f o p p ressin g , r o b b in g , o r in su l t in g a Brah m an .

1 V i tahavya see V . 18 l . . Sri iéj ayas a pe o p l e i n t h e no r t h See .

Z im m er , A I Leb en , p 1 32
. . . . B h rigu see I I 5 3 T h e sto ry o f t h e
. . .

o v er t h ro w of t h e V ai t ah avy as i s t o l d i n t h e M ah abharata, A n u sasana

—
Parva, 1 952 1 97 7 , b u t Bh rig u is t h ere said to have gi v en r ef u ge to
the Kin g V itahavya afte r hi s defeat .

2 B ri hatsdm an th e n am e o f t h is descen dan t o f t h e an cien t Bi shi

A u giras does no t recu r in t h e V eda, an d h is story i s
-
n o t m en t io n ed

el se w h ere .

3 T hey si t afte r death , in t h e in fern al reg io n s.

H YM N T H E A T H A R V A V E DA -
. 21 9 .

6 If an y Ki ng w ho de e m s h im se lf m i gh ty w ou ld e at a

B rah m an u p ,

R en t an d di sr u p t e d is t h at r ea m l w h e re n a i B r ah m an
is o r e sse d
pp .

7 S h e g r o w s e igh t fo o te d , an d fo u r e y e d, fo u r
- - -
c ar e d ,

fo u r j aw e d , t w o fac e d , t w o t o n g u e d ,
- - -

A n d shat te r s do w n t h e k i n gdo m of t h e m an w h o do t h
t h e B rah m an w ro n g .

8 A s w at e r sw am p s a l eak y sh ip i
so ru n o ve r fl o w s th at
l
re a m .

M i sfo r t u n e sm i te s th e r ea m l w h e re n i a B rahm an
su fl e rs sc at h an d
'

h ar m .

9 T he v er y t re es p re e l th e m an , an d dr i v e h i m fr o m
th ei r sh e l t e r i n
g shade ,

W hoe ve r l i
c a m s, 0 N arada, th e treasu re t h at a
B rah m an o w ns .

Th at w e al th K i n g V aru na h at h sai d is p o i so n by t h e
, ,

Go ds p r e p ar e d .

N o n e h at h k e p t w atch t o gu ard h is real m w h o h at h

de v o u r e d B rah m
’
a an s c o w .

T h o se n i n e -
an d n n e t -
i y p p
eo e l whom E arth sh o o k an d
y fro m h er
c ast aw a ,

W h e n t h e y had w r o n g ed t h e B rah m an race w e re

r u i n e d i n c o n ce i v ably .

O p p r e sso r o f t h e B rah m an s ! t h u s t he G o ds h av e
s o k e n an d de c l ar e d,
p

7 She t he co w .

9 N dr ada a devar sh i o r sain t o f th e cel e st ial cl ass w ho o ft en com es

do w n t o ear th to re
p o r t w h at is go in g on i n h eaven an d ret u rn w it h h is
acco u n t o f w h at i s b e in g d o n e o n ear t h . H is nam e is in t ro d u ced t o
m ak e t h e w arn in g m o re so l em n an d im p ressive .

11 T ho se n i n an d n i n ety :
e- -
cf . V . 1 8 1 2, w h ere t h ey are said to have
.

b een a h u n dre d an d on e .
m was s u ms or ( 3 00 : r .

T he st ep effac i ng -
w isp t h e y b ind up o n t h e dead ll
sh a
be t h y c o u ch .

O p p re sso r o f t he B rah m ans l tears w ep t by t h e m an

w h o su fi e rs w ro n g ,
'

T hese are t he sh are o f w at er w h i ch t he G o ds have

dest i n ed t o be t h i n e .

T he sh are o f wate r w hich t h e Go ds have desti ned to

b e t h i n e , is t h at ,
Opp resso r o f t h e p r i est ! w h e re w i th m en lave t he
co r p se an d w e t t h e he ar d .

T he i o f M i tra V am p s fall s
ra n -
no t on h im w ho
w r o n gs t h e p r i e st .

T o h i m n o co un se l b r i ngs su ccess he w i ns no frien d

to do h is w ill .

H Y MN XX .

F o au sn o u t o f w o o d , co m p act w i t h st rap s o f l eat he r ,

l o u d is t h e W ar ~d r u m as he l ay s t he h e ro
p .

W h e tt i n g t hy v o i ce an d v anq u i sh i ng o pp o n e nts, ro ar
at t h e m li ke a li o n fai n t o co n qu e r !
2 T h e fast e n e d fram e h at h ro are d as t w e re a l i on , li k e
’

a bu ll b e ll o w i n t o m e e t t h e h e i fe r
-
g .

1 2 T he step -
f e g wfii sp o b l
n it erat i n g t h e foo tste p s o f t he dead o n

h is j o u rn ey t o t h e ot h er w o rl d, so t hat Deat h m ay n o t reach t h e

su rvi vi n g k in sm b y t h e sam e p at h
en M ui r t ranslat es fl an ( w isp ) . “
Lu dw ig, Zim m er, an d H il l eb randt b y fessel,
’
by cl o t h , fet te r, "
’

’ ’
Grill b y Bus ch el t u ft w isp
’
See Gr il l s n o te »
’
an d R ot h an d or . .

1 4 T he bear d t o b e sh av ed o ff b e fo re crem at ion .

T he h ym n h as b ee n t ran sl ated b y Lu d wig, De r Ri gveda, I II p 451 ; . .

Z
b y im m e r, A I L p 201 ; b y Gr il l , wi t h an n o tat io n s, H u nde rt L iede r,;
. . . .

pp .4 3 , 1 50 ; a n d b y M u ir , O S T e xt s, I 28 6 ,
w ho o b se.r v es :.T h e .

atte n t ion o f t h e reader is di re c t ed t o t h e in te n sit y o f co n te m p t an d

ab h orrencc wh ich is so u gh t t o b e co n veyed b y t h e coar se im ag e ry co n.

tain ed in v erses 3, and 1 2

T h e h ym n , ad dressed to t he War d rum is a ch arm

-
, t o secure vint ag
in a co m i n g b at t l e . Co m pare R igve da V I 4 7 29- 4 1 . . .
222 TH E H YM N S or B OK
[ O V .

B e n t o n ad van tage m i g h t i e r gai n i ng t reasu r e s, v i ct o r

, ,

i n w ar t he sp e ll h at h m ade t h e e k e e n e r
, .

A s i n t h e p r ess, t h e st o n e t o st al k s o f S o m a, t h u s,
,

D ru m o dan c i n
’

g g t o o u r fo e s p o ss e ss i o n s .

F o e c o n q u e ro r , vi c t o r , v an q u i sh i n g o p p o n e n ts, se e k e r
-

o f b o o t y , m ast e r i n d e st r o yi n
g g , ,

S p eak o u t as a sk ill e d sp e ak e r t e ll s h is co u n se l , sp e ak
st re n g t h t o u s t h at w e m a w i t h b at t l
y n e e .

S h ak e r o f t h i n g s u n sh ak e n r e ad i e st co m e r to bat t l e s ;
,

c o n q u e ri n fo e s r esi st l e ss l e ad e r ,
g ,

G u arde d by I n dr a w at c hi n g o u r asse m bli es, go q u i ck ly ,

,

br eak e r o f th e ir h e art s w h o h at e u s .

HYMN XXI .

S PEA K t o o u r e n e m i e s 0 D r u m d i sco u rag e m e nt an d

, ,

w il d d i sm ay .

W e br i n g u p o n o u r fo e m e n fe ar an d di sco rd an d dis
co m fi tu re D ru m ! d r i v e t h e se e n e m i e s aw ay
. .

2 W he n sacr ifi c i al b u t te r h at h be e n o ffe r e d l e t o ur ,

fo e m e n fl e e
T h ro u g h c o n st e r n at i o n , t er r ifi e d, tre m bli n g in m ind
an d e y e an d h e art .

3 W ro u g h t o u t of w o o d , co m p act w i th st ra s o f
p l e at h er ,

de ar t o al l t he c l an .

B e de w e d w i t h sac r ifi ci al o il , sp e ak t er r o r t o our

enem i es .

4 A s t h e w il d cre at u re s o f t h e w o o d fl e e i n th e i r t e r r o r
fr o m a m an ,
E v e n so do t h o u 0 D r u m , r o ar o u t agai n st o u r fo e s t o
,

fr ig h t e n t h e m , an d t h e n b e w il de r t h o u t h e i r t h o u g h t s .

12 Watchi ng ou r assem bl ies fav o u rab l y regar din g o u r g at h e rin g s

fo r sacr i fi c ialp ur
p o ses .

T h e h y m n h a s b ee n t ran sl a t e d b y L u d w i g , D e r R i g v e d a, I II p 4 60, . .

an d ,
w it h a n n o ta t io n s b y G r i l l ,
H u n d e r t L i e d e r, pp 6 8 , 1 5 3 . .

T h e h ym n , ad dressed to t h e p erso n i fi e d War d ru m ( cf V

-
. . an d

ario u s d e i t ies, is a ch arm t o secu re v i cto ry in b at t l e .

hu m T H E A T H A R VA V E P A -
. 223

5 A s, w h e n th e w o lf a
pp r o ac h e s,
g o at s an d sh e e
p ru n

s o re ly t e r r ifi e d ,

E ve n do t ho u 0 D r u m , r o ar o u t ag ai n st o u r fo e s
so ,

t o fr i g h t e n t h e m , an d t h e n b e w il de r t ho u t h e i r
t h o u g h ts .

6 A s bi rds o f air , day aft e r day , fl y i n w il d te rro r fr o m

t h e haw k as fro m a r o ar i n g li o n s v o i c e ,
’
,

E ve n so d o t ho u , 0 D r u m , r o ar o u t agai n st o u r fo e s
t o fr i g h t e n t h e m , an d t h e n b e w i l der t h o u t h e i r
t h o u g h ts .

7 M ay al l t he de i ti es w h o se m i g h t co n t ro l s th e fo r t u ne
o f t h e fray

F ri g ht e n aw ay o u r e n e m i es w i th D r u m an d sk i n o f
an t e o p e l .

8 L et t h o se o u r e n e m i e s w h o g o yo n de r i n t h e i r
bat tali o n s sh ak e
I n fe ar at sh ado w s an d t he so u n ds o f fe e t w h i ch
I n dra sp o r te t h w i t h .

9 To al l t h e q u art e rs o f t he sk l et c an l of bo w stri n gs
y g
D ru m s
an d o u r
C ry o u t t o h o st s o f fe e s t h at g o disco m fi te d i n se r r i ed
r an k s .

1 0 A di ty a, t ak e t h e i r si gh t aw ay ! F o ll o w t he m cl o se ,
y e m o t e s o f li g h t .

L e t t h e m c l e av e fast t o fo o t b o u n d h o sts w h e n -

st r e n th o f ar m h at h ast aw ay
g p .

1 1 D o y e O m i g h ty M ar u t s so n s o f P risn i, c r u sh do w n ,
, ,

w i t h I n d r a fo r ally , o u r fo e m e n .

K i n g So m a V aru na, g re at G o d an d so v ran , I n dra t o o ,

,

ay e , D e at h ,

1 2 M ay t h ese e m b at t l e d G o ds b rilli an t as S fi rya — A ll ,

b ail l o n e m i n de d , c o n q u e r t h o se w h o h at e u s
— -
.

10 i di tya : 0 Su n L et them cl eave f ast I can g e t n o in t e l l ig ib l e

z .

m ean in g o u t o f t h e p a tsarig i n i h o f t h is p dd a F u sz schl in gen pat san .

-

] so l l en
[ ih n e n ] hafte n , l e t foo t cl in g
’ ’
i
g nil
‘ ‘
an a sn ares to t em .

Lu d w ig .

T he hym n h as b een t ran sl ated b y L u dw ig, Der R ig veda, I I I p 37 4 . . .

 r am g r am s or [ B OO K r .

Y M N XXII H .

H ENC E fil l e d w i t h h o ly st r e n g t h l et A gn i S o m a
, , ,

an d V ar u na t h e Pre ss st o n e an d t h e A l tar
,
-
, ,

A n d G rass an d gl o w i n g F u e l ban i sh F e ve r
, L et .

h at e fu l t h i n g s st ay at a di stan ce y o n der .

2 A nd t h o u t h yse l f w h o m ak e st al l m e n yell o w ,

c o n su m i n g t he m w i t h b u rni n g h e at li k e A ni
g ,

Th o u F e ve r ! t h en b e w e ak an d i n e ffecti ve Pass
, .

he n ce i n t o th e re al m s be l o w o r v an i sh .

3 E n do w e d w i t h u n i ve rsal p o w e r ! se n d F ev er do w n
ward far aw ay , ,

T h e sp o t ty li k e re d c o l o u re d du st sp ru ng fro m a
,
-
,

s o t t y ancest o r
p .

4 W h e n I h ave p aid o be i san ce t o F e ver I sen d h im

do w n w ard fo r t h .

t o th e M ah a
’
S o l e t S ak am b h ara s bo xer g o aga n i
v rishaS.

5 H is m an s o n s are i t h e M flj avan s, and th e M aha

vrish as
h is h o m e .

T h o u , F e v e r e ve r , i
s n ce th y bi rth h ast li ved am o n g
t h e B ah l ik as .

6 Fe ve r , sn ak e , li m bl e ss o ne ,
s e ak
p out ! Ke e p t hy se lf
far aw ay fro m u s .

S e ek t h o u a w an to n D asi g irl an d st r i ke her w i th t hy

t hu n de rbo l t .

T h e h ym n is a ch arm again st Fever .

1 0 m “ t h e Sa cre d G ra ss st r e w n in t h e sa cr ifi c ia l co u r t o r ch am b e r .

Sec V 1 2 .4 F
. ev er ta.k m dn m e an i n g es p ec ia l l y m a l a ri a l fev e r .

3 E n do wed w i th u n i ver sal p o wer t h e wo nderfu l p l ant Kush tha

C t Sp eciosu s, A rab iens) , is addr essed
( o s us or .

4 Sa k am bh ar a s b o x er F ’
e v er .
$ ak a m b h ara ( Du n g- ri n
b g )
er app ear!

to be th e n am e o f o n e o f t h e de m o n s o f disease .

ap p aren t l y a h il l t rib e in the n o rt h w est of I n dia

5 Ma
j
-
avam .

Bal t h ka: Bact rian

'

a p eo p l e in t h e sam e regio n a race,

H ah dvri ehas : .

t he p p
eo l e o f Bal k h . See M u ir , O S T exts, I I , 351 . . .
 6 T H E s u ms or [ BOOK 7 .

H YM N XXII I .

I H A V E ca lled H e av e n an d E art h to aid, h ave ca e d

ll
d i v i n e S arasvati ,
I n dra an d A g n i h ave I call ed L e t th e se de st ro y th e
w o r m , I p ray e d .

2 O I n d ra,L o rd o f T reasu res k ill t he w o r m s th at ,

r ey u p o n t h i s b o y
p .

A l l t h e m al ig n an t sp i r i t s h av e b e e n sm i t te n by m y
o te n t sp e ll
p .

3 W e u t t er ly de stro y th e w o rm t h e w o r m t h at cre e p s ,

ar o u n d t h e e y e s ,

T h e w o r m t h at c raw l s ab o u t th e n o se t h e w o rm t hat ,

e ts b e t w e e n t h e t e e t h
g .

4 T w o o f li k e co l o u r t w o u n li k e t w o co l o u red bl ack
, , ,

t w o co l o u r e d r e d ,

T he t aw n y an d t h e taw n y car e d V u l t u r e an d W o l f -
, ,

al l t h e se are k ill e d .

5 W o r m s t h at are w h i t e abo u t t h e si de s t h o se t h at are ,

bl ack w i t h bl ack h u ed ar m s -
,

A l l t h at sh o w v ari ou s t i n ts an d h u e s t h ese w o r m s ,

w e u t t er ly de st r o y .

said by H e r o do t u s t o h ave fo rm ed p art o f t h e ar m y of Xe r xes . T he

n am e o f the co un t ry is p rese r ve d in t h e m o de rn Kan dahar . Se c M u i r
O S T exts, I I 34 2,
. . . an d Z im m er , A l t in d isch es Le b en , p . 30 . T he
A n gas an d Magad h as are t rib es l iv i n g i n So u t h Be har, an d t h e co u n t ry

b o rd er in g it on t he w est . We h av e t h u s i n t his v e rse t wo n at io n s

si t u at e d t o t h e n o r th -
w est, an d t w o t o t h e so u t h -eas t, w h o m we m ay

su p p ose , fro m t h e m al ed ict io n s p ro n o u n ced o n t h em , to h ave b ee n

h o st il e o r al ien t rib es, w h o l i v ed o n t h e b o rd ers o f Brahm an ical I n d ia,
an d to h ave b ee n b eyo n d it s b o u n daries at t h e t i m e t h i s in can tatio n w a s

R o t h, Lit an d H ist o f t h e V ed a,
co m p o sed ( .
p 4 2 , q u o
. te d b y M u ir ,
.

O S T
. . .
, 11 .

T h e hym n h as b een t ran sl ate d b y Lu d w ig , De r R ig veda, I II p 51 0, . .

an d , w i t h an n o tat io n s, b y Gri ll , H u n dert Li ed e r, pp 1 2, 1 54 . .

T h e hy m n , w h ich is v ery sim il ar to I I 32, is . a ch arm fo r t h e des

t r u ct io n o f parasi t ic w o rm s .
mu m T H E A T II A R m V E DA . 227

6 E ast ward t h e S u n is m o u n ti n see n o f al l , de st ro y

g ,

in g t h i ngs u n se e n ,
C r u sh i n g an d k illi n g al l the wo r m s i n vi sibl e an d
v s i ibl e .

7 L e t t h e Y e v fis h a s, Kask as h as E j a tk as , S i p av i t n u k as, ,

L e t bo t h t h e w o r m that w e can se e , an d t hat w e se e

n o t , b e d e st ro ye d .

8 S lai n t h e Y e vt sha o f t h e w o rm s, sl ai n t o o is th e
N adan im an .

I h ave re d uce d t he m al l t o dust li k e ve tch es w ith

t h e p o u n din g sto n e -
.

9 T h e w o r m Sa ran a, w h it e o f hu e t h re e h eade d, w i th
g ,
-

a t ri p l e h u m p ,
I sp li t and t e ar h is ribs aw ay , I w re nch o ff e v e ry
h ead h e h as .

1 0 I k ill] yo u , w o rm s, as A tr i , as Kanva an d Jam adag n i

k i ]ed .

I cr u sh th e w o rm s to p i eces w i th a spel l th at e rst

A gastya u se d .

1 1 T h e K i ng o f w o r m s h at h b e e n dest ro y e d, h e w ho
w as l o rd o f t h e se is sl ai n .

S l ai n is t h e w o r m w ho se m o t h e r , w ho se b ro th er an d
si st e r h ave b e e n sl ai n .

l 2 D e stro y e d are h is de pe ndants, t h o se w h o d we ll aro u n d

h i m are destr o y e d,
A n d al l t he w o r m s t h at se e m to b e th e l it t l e o n es
ar e do n e t o de at h .

1 3 O f e ve ry w o r m an d i nse ct , o f t h e fe m al e an d th e
m al e ali k e ,
I c r u sh t h e head to p i eces w i th a sto n e an d b u r n t h e
face w i th fi r e .

6 A n adap tat io n o f R ig ve da 1 1 9 1 8 2 Slaye r o f t h ing s un see n , t h e

. .

S u n , b e h eld o f al l m o u n ts , east ward , u p , C o n su m i ng al l t hat are n o t

see n , and ev il sp ir its o f t he n igh t ( Y fi t u d ha n is
y
7 r ee ds/m s: t h is w o rd an d t h ose t h at fo l l o w are nam es o f varie t ies
o f ve rm in o r n o xio u s in sec ts t h at can n o t b e ide n ti fi ed .

[ 0 C f I I 32 3
. . . .

T h e hym n has b een t ran sl ated b y Lu dw ig, Der R ig veda, I I I p . . 501 .

223 r ue .
an u s or [ B OO K 3 .

H Y M N x xi v .

SA V I T A R ,
L o rd o f fu r t h e r i ng ai ds p ro t ec t m e i n t h i s , ,

m y ray e r i n t h i s m i n e ac t i n t h i s m a d tal
p , y s ce r o ,

c h ar e 1 n t h i s fo r m an c e i n t h is t h o u h t i n t h i s
g , p e r
g , ,

m y p lan an d w i sh i n t h i s m ca ll i o n t h e G o d s!
y n
g ,

A l l h ail !
M ay A g n i L o rd o f fo re st t re es p ro t ec t m e i n e tc
, , , , .

M ay H eave n an d E ar th t h e Q u e e n s o f bo u n t i e s , ,

save m e .

M ay V ar u na, th e L o rd o f w at e rs, save m e .

M ay M itra V ar u n a, L o rds o f rai n , p re se r ve m e

’

-
.

L o rds o f t h e m o u n tai ns m ay t h e M ar u ts save m ,

e.

M ay So m a, L o rd o f p lan ts an d h e r bs, p ro te ct m e.

M ay V ay u , L o rd o f m i ddl e air p ro t e ct m e ,
.

M ay Sury a, so v ran Lo rd y e s p ro te ct m e
of e ,
.

M ay t he M o o n , L o rd o f c o n ste ll at i o n s save m e ,
.

M ay I n d ra w ho is L o rd of
h e av e n p ro te ct m e .

T h e M ar u ts fat h e r ,
’
Lo rd o f cat t l e , sav e m e .

M ay M ri ty u , L o rd o f li v i n g c re at u r e s, save m e.

M ay Yam a, R e ge n t o f t he F at h e rs, sav e m e .

M ay t h e
.
F o re fath ers o f o ld t i m e p r o te c t m e .

T h e h ym n 18 t h e p rayer o f a p ri est fo r p ro t e ct io n an d e ffect ual aid

in t h e d isch ange of h is sacerdo tal d u t ie s T h e refrain o f stan za 1 is .

re p eat ed 1 n e v e ry st an za .

6 M o u n tain; or , great cl o u ds ; p d r vata ( k n o t ty, co n sist in g o f rug ged

m asses ) hav in g b o t h t h ese m ean i n gs i n t h e V eda .

1 2 T he M aru ts at /cor R u dra See I 1 9 3

’
f . . . . .

1 3 M ri ty u : Go d of Death .

1 4 Yam a Kin g o f th e De par ted .

1 5— 17 ‘
W hen H is M a n est
y [ t h e E m p ero r o f ap ] P
an ro m ul gated J
t h e C o n st it u t io n h e d id u m b l y an d so l em n l y swcar t o t h e I m p eri al
”
F o u n de r o f O u r H o u se an d to O u r o t h er I m per ial A n ce st o rs, an d d id
n o w re ve re n t l y m ak e Ou r p ray e r t o T h e m an d to O u r Il l u st rio u s
F at h e r , an d im p l o re t h e h e l p of T h eir Sacre l Sp irits —I{ e 11 r N o rm an
y ,
.

J
T h e R eal ap an .
230 THE H YM N S OF B O OK 7 .

5 L et V fo r m an d m o u l d t h e w o m b , l et T vash tar
i sh nu
“

d u ly sh ap e th e fo r m s,
Praj ap at i i n fuse t h e stream , and t tar l ay fo r th e e
t h e ge rm .

6 D r i n k t h o u th e p r o c re at i ve dr au gh t w e ll k n o w n t o -

V ar u na t h e K i n g ,
K n o w n t o d i v i n e S arasv at i an d I n dra sl aye r o f th e fo e ,
.

7 T h o u ar t t h e ge r m o f p lan ts an d h er b s t ho u art t h e ,

g e r m of fo re st t ree s,
T h e ge r m o f e ach e x i st i n
g t h i g
n , so h e re , 0 A g n i ,
l ay t h e ge rm .

8 R i se u p , p u t fo r th t h y m an l y stre ngt h , an d l ay t h e
g e r m w i t hi n t h e w om b .

A b u ll ar t t h e n w i th v i go ro u s str e ng t h fo r p ro g e n y
w e b r i ng t h ee n e ar .

9 P mp are B firh atsfi m a, l e t t he g e r m be l ai d

t h ee ,
w i t h i n t hy si d e .

T h e So m a d ri n k i n g G o ds h ave g i ve n a so n to t h ee ,
-

t h y so n an d m i n e .

0 B h atar , t h o u D i spose r l ay w i t h i n t h e bo dy o f ,

t h i s dam e
A m al e ge r m w i th th e n o bl est fo rm , fo r h e r, i n th e
t e n th m o n th , t o b e ar .

T vash ar , t l
ce e st a i l ar t st , i l ay w th n
i i t he bo dy of

t h i s dam e

A m a e l m w th i the n o b l e st fo r m fo r h er i n t h e
.
g e r

t e nth m o n th t o b ear .

5 T ak en fro m Bg
i v e da X . 1 84 l . .

7 T h is an d th e fo l l o w in g st an za are a dd ressed t o A gn i w h o is

reg ard ed as th e special gi ver of ch i ldren See Rigveda I 66 4 68 4 ; . . . .

I II 1 23
. . .

9 B dr hatod m d : ( fro m bfi b at ad m an ) t h e
n am e o f t he w o m an w h o is
-

t h e su b ec t o j
f t h e h y m n ; dau g h t e r o f Brih ats am an .

T h e hy m n has b een t ran sl at ed an d exp l ai ne d b y W eb er, I n d isch e

St u dien, V p 227 , . . an d t ransl ated b y Lu d w ig, Der R igveda, I I I p 4 7 8 . . .
H YM N TH E ”11 4 3 1 7
1 1 1 11 0 4 . 231

S av i tar , v iv i fi e r , l ay w i th i n the b o dy of t h i s dam e

A m a e l g erm i
w th t he n o b e st l fo r m fo r h e r i n t h e
t e n th m o n th to be ar .

0 L o rd of Li fe ,
P raj apat i , w th i in t hi s w o m an
’
s b o dy
l ay
A l
m a e g e rm i
w t h t he n o b l est fo r m fo r h e r i n th e
t e n th m o n th to be ar .

HYMN X XV I .

I N sac r i fi ce fo r yo u m ay sap i e n t A g n i A l l h ail !

—
u se Y a u s t e x ts an d fu e l
j .

2 Ma S a i ta t h G d A l l h ail l— fo re k n o w i n ch i e f
y v r e o
g ,

i n t h i s sac r i fi c e e m l o y t he m
p ,
.

3 —
I n t h i s g re at r i t e A l l h ai l l m ay sap i e n t I n d ra u se
—

l au ds r ej o ici n g s w e ll y o k e d c o u rse r s
, ,
-
.

4 B ri n g P raish as i n t h e r i t e A l l h ai l ! an d N i vid s
— —
,

l ear n ed c o n n e c te d w i t h t h e C o n so r ts
, ,
.

5 A s a dam e b r i n g s h er so n A ll h ail !— — O M ar u t s ,

co n n ec ted i n t h e r i te b r i n g m e asu re s
,
.

6 — —
H e re A d i t i is c o m e A l l h ail ! p r e p ar i ng t h e r i te
w i t h g rass an d l u st r al w at e rs .

7
‘
—
L e t V i sh nu i n t hi s r i t e i n v ar i ed m an n e r A l l h ail !
u se w e ll y o k e d st e e ds h is fe r v o u rs
-
, .

T h e hym n is b iddin g p rayer, i n vit i n g t h e Go ds pr ese nce an d as

’
a

si stan ce at a sacri fi ce .

l Yaj us tex t s sacrifi c ial fo rm u l as, as op sed t o i

r ck ets, recite d
p o

h ym n s, an d 34 m m , ch an t e d p sal m s .

3 L ands, r ejo ici ng s : j oyo us recitat ions of p raise Wel l yok ed cou r m s
. .
-

a fi g u rat ive e xp ressio n fo r t h e w el l ad ap t ed p art s o f t he ce re m o n y w h ich

-

the d e ity co n t ribu t es an d direct s .

4 P r ai shas l it u rg ical e xh o rt at io n s o r in v it at io n s N i m da in v oca

’

ti o ns of t h e Go ds, i nserted i n ce rtai n p ar ts o f the l it urgy T he C on sor t:

.

of t h e Go ds S e n o te o n II I 20 3
.

e . . .

5 M aru ts addressed as sin ge rs, o f t h e i r t h u n der

ch an t e rs
p sa l m -
.

M easures chhd n d dyin ; sacre d or m ag ical hy m ns, d ifferin g fro m

’

t i c/1 ,

adm an , an d ya m j .
232 T H E 11 m m or [ B O OK 7 .

8 L et T vash ar t i n t h i s r i te i n v ar i e d m an n e r -h
A ll
h ail —u se fo rm s, h is w e ll -y o k ed co u rse rs .

9 L e t B h aga i n t h i s r i te u se p ra e rs,y fo rek n o w i n g

A l l h ail ! fo r t h i s y o k ed co u rse rs u se w e ll -
.

10 —
L et S o m a in t h i s r i te i n vari e d m an ne r A l l h ail !
u se m il k st re am s w e ll y o k e d co u rse rs
-
,
-
.

11 v —
L e t I n d ra i n t h i s r i t e i n ari ed m an n e r A l l h ail !
u se p o w e rs h is w e ll y o k e d co u rse rs
,
-
.

12 H i t h e rw ard co m e y e w i t h t h e p ray e r O A sv i n s , ,

e x al t i n g sac r ifi ce w i t h cry o f V ashat !

B ri h aspat i —A l l h ail w i t h p ray e r c o m e h i t h e r -

.

H e re is t h e r i te h e re h eav e n fo r h i m w h o w o rsh i p s
,
.

HYMN XX V I I .

U r m r rm ) b e t h i s sacrifi ce r s fu e l : l o fty an d b rilli an t

’
'

be t h e fl am es o f A g n i !
S p l e n d i dly b ri g h t fai r faced w i t h al l h is o ffsp r i n g
,
-
, ,

T an un ap at t h e A su ra m an y h an de d ,
-
.

2 Go d am o ng Go ds t h e G o d bede w s t h e p ath s w i th ,

fat n ess an d w i t h m ead .

3 W i t h st o re o f m e ad to sacr ifi ce co m e s A g n i c o m e s ,

N arasansa A gn i fr i e n dly m i n de d co m e s Savi tar

,
-
, ,

r i g h teo u s Go d w h o b r i n s al l b l e ssi n s
g g .

8 F or m s T vash tar b ein g t he great art i fi eer, creator o f all form s o f l ife .

1 1 P ower s I n d ra s h ero ic igh t

’
m .

1 2 V ashag: t h e sacr ifi cial e xcl am at ion , w hen the o b l at ion is cast.

in t o t he fi re . See
B ri h asp at i Lo rd of Prayer . See I 8 2 . . .

T h e hy m n has b een t ran sl at ed b y Lu dw ig, De r R igveda, III p 27 . . .

An A p ri or Pro p i t iat o ry hym n addressed t o a se ri es o f de it ies or

deifi ed j
o b ect s.

1 Wi th hi s of ap r ing
all ot her fi res . T h e ot her fi res are v eril y t h y
— d T an an ap dt So n of T hysel f,
Rg
i I 9 sel f-gen erat ed .
’
b ran ch es v
. e a 5 l . . .

Sec V 1 2 2 A ru m : Lord di vin e

. . . .

3 Nar dgafi sa : Praise o f M en ; a nam e or ep i thet o f A gn i in l e

hy m ns .
234 THE H YM N S OF B OO K 7 .

1 3 P ay sac r i fice to J atav e das A g n i , w i t h H

I n d ra , a il !
Let al l t he G o ds acce p t t h e g i ft s w e o ffe r .

HYMN XXV II I .

F o e l e n g th e n e d li fe t o l ast th r o u g h h u n d re d au t u m n s
, ,

t h e y e q u ali z e w i t h n i n e t h e n i n e sp i rat i o n s .

T h re e i n g o l d t h re e i n sil v e r t h ree i n i ro n by h eat

, ,

ar e st ab li s h e d i n t h e i r se ve ral p l ac e s .

2 M ay A g n i S u n an d M o o n an d E ar t h an d W at e rs
, , , . ,

S ky A ir t he Q u arte r s an d t h e Po i n ts be t w e e n
, ,

t he m ,

A n d Par ts o f Y e ars acco rdan t w i t h t h e S e aso n s by

t h i s t h re e t h re ad e d A m u l e t p r e se r ve m e
-
.

3 I n th e t h re e t h r e ade d C h ar m r e st t ri p l e fu l n ess ! L e t
-

P ash an c o ve r it w i t h m il k an d b u t t e r .

H e re r e st ab u n d an t sto re offo o d an d p e o p l e , m ay
am l st o re o f ca t t e l re st w i t h i n i t
p e .

4 E n r i c h t h i s c h ar m , A d i ty as ,
w thi yo ur t re asu re
m ag n i fy t h i s, w h e n m a n
g i fied ,
O A gn i .

E n d o w i t w i th h e ro i c stre n g th , 0 I n d ra : t h e re i n b e
l o dge d a tr i p l e p o w e r o f i n c rease .

w d hd ;
'
13 H ai l I t h e sacri fi cial excl am at io n w h ich co n secrat es t h e
o ffe r in g , regar ded al so as an A p ri deity an d a fo rm o f A gn i .

T h e hym n has b een t ransl at ed b y Lu dw ig Der R ig veda, I I I p 4 34 . . . .

T h e hym n is a ch arm , acco m an in g

p y in vest it u re w it h an A m u l et ,

to ensu re gen eral p ro te ct io n an d p ro spe ri ty fo r t h e w eare r .

1 N i ne ep i r ati om t h e v it al airs ( cf o u r vapo u rs, sp irits ) are usu al

.

l y en u m erat ed as t h ree o r fi ve ; o r, w it h t h e o t her v ital o rgan s, si x,

se v en , n in e ( as h ere) o r t en , o r t hir t een T he am u l et co n sist s o f t h ree
.

st ran ds o r t h read s, o n e o f go l d, o n e o f si l ver , an d o n e o f iro n , each o f

w h ich co n t ain s t h ree t t i w t hat is, on e fo r each of t he

p ro e c ve p o e rs,

v it al airs o n w h ich the l i fe of t h e w earer de p e n d s . By heat : t h ro u g h

t h e fervo u r o f t h e p riest w ho p re pe n d t h e charm o r, p o ssib l y t hro u gh
t he fi re t hat w as used in m el t in g t h e m etal s .
H YM N m s A T H A R V A V E DA -
. 235

5 W i th g ol eld
t E ar t h p ro t e c t t h e e an d w i t h i r o n , ,

acco rdan t, al l su stai n i n g A g n i sav e t he e !

-
,

A n d i n acco rdan ce w i t h t h e p l an ts m ay sil ve r ,

r e gard i n g t h e e w i t h favo u r, g ran t t h e e v i g o u r .

6 This g o l d bo r n
, t h ree fo l d at i ts fi r st p r o d u c ti o n ,

re w t h e o n e t h i n t h a t A n i l o v e d m o st cl e arly
g g g
i t fe l l aw ay o n e p ar t o f i nj u r ed S o m a
, .

O n e p ar t t h e y call se e d o f t h e sap i e n t W at e rs T h i s .

o l d br i n t h e lo n li f w h e n t r i ly t h re ad e d !
g g e g e p
7 T h ree li ves o f Jam adag n i t h rice t he v i tal fo rce o f
,

Kasyap a ,

T h ree sig h ts o f i m m o rtality thr e e l i v e s h av e I p re ,

p ar e d fo r t h e e .

8 W he n w th i t h re e st r i nge d c har m cam e t h re e

the -

st ro n
g g
e a l e s, sh ar in
g th e S a cr e d Syll abl e an d m i h t y ,
g
W i t h i m m o r tali ty th e y dro ve o ff M rity u , o bsc u ri n g
an d co n ce a n g all li d i st re sse s .

9 T he g o l de n
g t h e e u ard
f ro m t h e sk y , t h e sil ve r n
u ard t h ee fr o m t h e air ,
g
T h e i r o n g u ard t h e e fro m t he e arth ! T h i s m an h at h
r eac h e d t he fo r ts o f Go ds .

M ay th e se t h re e cast es o f
l th e G o ds k e e p t hee se c u re

y si de
o n e ver .

E n do w e d w i t h stre n g th ,
p o ssess n g i t h ese , he t h o u
th e m ast e r o f t h y fo es
T h e G o d w h o fi rst bo u n d o n i n t h e be g i n n i n g th e
de i t i e s i m m o rt al go l de n cast l e
’
,

H i m I sal u t e w i th te n e x te n de d fi n ge rs B l est be . th e
t h ree st r i n g ed ch ar m I bi n d u p o n t h e e
-
.

5 A ddressed t o t h e p e rso n w h o is to w ear th e amu l et .

6 One p ar t of i nj u r ed So m a m ean in g, ap paren t l y , t hat or iginal l

y
i t cam e part l y fro m t h e M oo n ( So m a) wh en ecl ip sed .

8 Sacr ed Sy l l abl e t h e m ystical syl l abl e On Wi th i m m or tal i ty .

o r w it h A m ri t, t h e d ri n k o f God s, t h e Wat e r o f L ife, w h ich co n fe rs

im m o rtal ity. T he m ean in g is n o t cl ear T h e p riest is ascrib i n g a
.

m yst er io us o r igi n an d su p ernat u ral p o wers to th e am u l e t H ri tyu .

Deat h ; t he Go d of Deat h .
236 m s g ra
m s or [ s oar r.

12 A r
y
am an be th y bi n der -
on, and P fi sh an an d
B ri hasp at i
W h at e ver nam e th e b ro od of day p o ssess, th e re w i th
we faste n t h ee .

13 W i t h Se aso ns an d w t h i L ength s o f T i m e , fo r v ig o d r
an d e x t e n ded li fe ,

W i t h al l t h e s l en do ur
p of t he S u n we fast e n t h ee
abo u t t h e n e ck .

14 D raw n fo rt h fro m b ut te r an d w ith m eat h besp r i nk l ed ,

fi rm as t h e e arth un sh ak abl e t r i u m ph an t
, , ,

B re ak i n g do w n fe e s an d cast i n g t h e m b e n eath m e ,

b e fast e n e d o n m e fo r e xal t e d fo rtu n e !

H Y M N XXIX .

M A D] : ready i n t he e ast dr i ve fo r th tak e n o t i ce o f ,

w h at is h ap p e n i n g h e re o m n isc i e n t A n i !
g ,

T h o u bri n g e st m ed i ci n e an d h e al e st sic k n ess

t h ro u gh t h ee m ay w e w in h o rses k i n e an d pe o p l e , , .

2 A cco rdan t w i t h al l G o ds O Jhtav e das A g n i p e rfo r m

,

t h i s w o r k as w e b e se e ch th ee ,

Th at t hi s de fen ce o f h is m a fall w h o e v e r h ath ,

cau sed u s p ai n w h o eve r h at , co n su m ed u s .

3 U nan i m o u s w i t h al l t h e Go ds t o g et her so do th i s
, ,

t h i n g 0 A g n i Jhtav edas th at t h is defe n ce of h is ,

m ay fall an d fai l h im .

4 Pi e rce bo th h is ey es p i er ce t h ou th e h eart w ith i n h im ,

,

c ru sh t h o u h is t e e t h an d c l eav e h is to n g u e asu n de r .

B e n d t ho u m o st yo ut h fu l A g n i t h at Pi shc ha w h oso
, ,

am i d t h e m all o f t h i s h at h eate n .

1 2 T h e br ood of day ausp icio us t h ings, p ro d u ced in t h e su nl igh t

d
as o p po se t o il l -o m e n ed creat u res o f n i
g h t and dark ness .

1 4 Spo k en b y th e recip ien t o f t h e am ul e t .

T h e h ym n h as b ee n t ran sl at ed b y Lu dw ig, Der R ig veda, I II p 387 . . .

See a l so Zim m er, A l t i n disches Le b e n , pp

53 ,
56 . .

T he h ym n is a ch arm fo r t h e dest ru ction of Pisi ch as .

1 I n the east : the regio n o f th e h eavens o ver w h ich A gn i presides .

238 T H E 11 m m or [ BOO K V

0 Jatavedas,
’
Li k e as th e S o m a s te n d ril , t h u s,
l e t h im sw e ll .

L e t h im li ve , A gni ! M ak e h im fat , fre e fro m

c o n su m p t i o n , fu ll o f sa
p .

H A g n i , is t h e fu e l , h e re are l o gs t h at c ru sh
e re ,

Pi sac has do w n .

0 J éta ve das, w illi n g ly acc ep t t he m an d b e p l eased

t h e re w i t h .

A t
cc e
p , O A g ,
n i w i t h t h y fl am e t h e bill e ts o f
T arsb tAg ha w o o d .

L e t t h e fle sh e ate r w h o w o u l d tak e th e fl esh o f th i s

-

m an l o se h is fo r m .

Y M N XXX
H .

F ao u th y v i c i n i t y I call fro m n ear , ,

fro m far, fro m
n i h at b an d
g .

S tay h e r e : de p art no t :fo ll o w n o t t h e F ath e rs of

t h e o l de n t i m e . I bi n d t h y v i tal sp i ri t fast .

1 5 I dr sl rtag ha w ood t h e w o rd d oes n o t occ u r agai n in t h e h ym n s ;

'

b b l t l l ed l gh a,
T rish ta w h ich su p pl ied t he f u el , can
‘

an d t h e t ree , p ro a y e

not b e iden t i fi ed T Arsh tfigh a f u e l is m en t io n e d in t h e Kau sik a-S fi t ra,

.

XXV 27 . Lo se h i s f or m an d so b e an n ih il at ed .

T his i n vocat io n of A g n i to co u n t e rac t an d dest ro y t he m al e vo l en t

sap p e d st re n g t h an d t oo k t h e ir l ives is
’
fi e n ds w h o m en s a far m o re

se n sib l e p rocet han t he E uro p ean b e l ie f, co un t e n an ced b y t h e l aw

ed i ng

an d ge n e ral l y p re val en t eve n at t he b egin n in g o f l ast cen t u ry, w h ich

at t ri b u ted an y in sidio u s an d u n acco u n t ab l e i l l n ess to the m al e vo l e n t

m ac hin at io ns an d n o xio us ch arm s of w i t ch es, w h o w e re u su al l y r

p o o

o ld w o m e n w it h w ri n k l ed faces, hairy l ip s, sq u in t i n g ey es, sq u eak in g

v o ices, an d sco l d i n g t o n g u e s Dr Sp re n ge r, in h is L ife of M oham m ad,
. .

co m p u te s t h e en t ire n u m b e r o f p e rso n s w h o have b ee n b u rn ed as

w it c h es d u rin g t h e C h rist ian e p o ch at n i ne m i l l i ons

’
—C ham b c rs s
’
.

En cy cl o paai ia .
-
Wi tch c raft .

T h e hym n has b een t ran sl ated b y Lu d w ig, Der R ig veda, I I I p 526

,
. . .

T h e hym n is a charm to rest o re t o l ife an d h eal th a m an w ho is

dan gero usl y il l .
H YM N m s arm s V A n m
'
-
. 239

2 I f any m an , a strange r o r ak i n , h ath cast a sp e ll o n

th e e ,
I w i t h m y v o i ce t o t h e e de c l are t h y free do m an d
l
re e ase t h e re fr o m .

3 If m t hy fo lly t h o u h ast li e d o r c u rsed a w o m an or

a m an ,
I i
w th m y v o ce i declar e to t h e e t hy fre e do m an d
r e l e ase t h e re fro m .

4 I f t h o u ar t lyi ng t h e re be cause of m o th e r s
’
or
’
o f fat h e r s si n ,

I w th m
i y v o ce i decl are t o t hee t h y fre e do m an d
r e l e ase t h e re fro m .

5 A cce p t t h e h eali n g m ed c n e ,
i i th e bal m t hy m o th er
an d t hy s r e , i
T hy si st e r an d t hy b ro t h e r br i ng . I m ak e thee li ve
t h ro u g h l e n gt h e n ed y ears .

6 0 m an , s ta y h e re am o ng u s ; sta y w i t h al l th y s
p i r i t
fo ll o w not

Yam a 8 t w o m esse ngers A p p ro ach th e l w h e re

’
. cast e s
t h e li v i n g d w e ll .

4 Becau se of m o ther s or of f ather s si n : so in t h e R ig v eda

’
Le t
’

( V 7
’
u s n o t su ffer fo r t h e sin o f o t h ers I 5 1 a nd . L o o se.u s f ro m

si n s co m m it te d b
y o u r fat h ers ( V I I 8 6 C o m p
. a re al
. so T ait t i r iy a
Bra h m ana I I I 7 1 2 3 cited b y M u ir : M ay A g n i free m e fro m an y
. . .

sin w h ich m m t h r m fa t h e r co m m i tte d w h e n I w as a b ab e 11 11

y o e r o y
b o rn , an d A
’ ‘
_
n d h is d isc ip l es ask ed h i m , say in g , M ast e r , w h o d id sin ,

t h is m an , o r h is p are n ts, t hat he w as b o rn b l in d l ( St

‘ ’
o hn I X . J .

Disease , if n o t cau se d b y so m e m al ev o l e n t d em o n , w as ge n e ral l y re

g a rd ed as t h e p u n is h m e n t o f si n a g a i n st Go ds o r m e n .

6 Yam a s tw o m essen g er s
’
A n d t h ose t wo do gs o f t h in e, Yam a !
t h e wat ch e rs, fo u r ey ed , w h o l oo k o n m en an d g u ard t h e p at h w ay
-

Dar k h u ed , in sat iat e, w i th d ist e n ded n ost ri l s, Y am a s t w o

’
-

e n vo ys ro am am o n g t h e p eo p l e
’

( g
R i v eda S e e al so X .

A t harva veda V II I 1 9 ; 2 I I
- 8 1 0 I n En g l an d t h ere is a so m e
. . . .

w hat si m il ar po p u l ar b el ief
‘
I n Y o rk sh ire , t h e Kirk Gri m [C h u rch
.
-

sp ect re
] is u su al l y a h u ge bl ack do g w it h eyes l ik e sau ce rs, an d is
cal l ed a p ad foo t It gen e ral l y freq u e n ts t h e ch u rch l an es ; an d h e
.

w h o sees it k n o w s t hat h e m ust die w it h in t h e year — S Barin g Go u ld ,

’
-
. .

St range Sur vi val s, p 16 . .

24 0 m s aw ae
r or [ s o ar r .

7 C o m e b ack t h o u art call e d t o co m e , k n o w i ng t h e

as
o u t l et o f t h e p at h ,
A nd t he ap p ro ac h an d i ts asc e n t , t he w ay o f e ve ry
li vi n g m an .

8 Be no t t h o u w il t n o t d ie
a ar m ed :
l I gi ve th ee .

l e n gt he n ed y e ar s o f li fe .

F o r t h fro m t h y m e m be rs hav e I char m ed D e cli n e

t h at cau se d t h e fe ve r t h e re .

9 Go n e is t h e p ai n t h at rac k ed the e , go n e t h y fe v e r ,
’
o n e t h y h e ar t s d i sease
g .

C o n su m p t i o n , co n q u ere d by m y vo ice, h at h , li k e a
h aw k , fl e d far aw ay .

T wo S e n se an d V igil an ce , the sl ee p l e ss and

sag es,
t h e w atch fu l o n e ,
T h ese , t h e p ro t ect o rs o f th y li fe , sh all b e awak e bo t h
day an d n i g h t .

Th i s A gn i b e wai te d o n
m u stH e re l et th e S u n .

m o u n t u p fo r t h e e .

R i se fro m de e p deat h an d co m e aw ay , ye a, fro m black

dark n e ss r i se t h o u u p !
H om a b a i d t o Y am a, an d t o M rity u , an d to
g e
e
p
t h e F at h e rs, an d t o t h o se w h o g ui de u s
I h o n o u r fi rst , fo r th i s m an s p rese rv at io n , t hat A g ni
’

w h o w e ll k n o w e t h h o w t o sav e h i m .

L et b re at h i an d m n d re tu r n t o h im , l et sig h t an d
v i o u r c o m e a ai n
g g .

L e t all h is bo dy b e r est o re d an d fi rm ly stan d u po n

i t s fee t .

P ro v i de t h i s m an w i th b r eath an d si g h t , 0 A g n i ,
an d w i t h h is b o dy a n d h is st re n th u n it e h i m
g .

T h o u k n o w es t A m r i t : l e t hi m n o t g o h ence , n o r
d w e l l i n h o u se o f c lay .

1 0 Sen se an d V igi lan ce A l e rt an d Watch f u l .

’
— M u ir .

1 4 T ho u kn o west A m r i t : t ho u h ast t he k n o w l edg e of im m o r tal

i ty .
’
— M u ir .
24 2 TH E H YM N S OF B OOK V .

T he w i t ch c raft w ro u gh t u
p on t hy ewe, th i s I str ike
b ack agai n o n t h e m .

3 T he sp e t h at t h e y h av e cast u p o n t h y b e ast that

ll
h at h u n cl o v e n h o o v e s,
T h e ass w i t h t e e t h i n b o t h h is j aw s, t h i s I stri k e
back agai n o n t h e m .

4 T he se c re t s
p e ll u
p on t h y p l an ts A m ul a o r Nat achi ,

s
p e ll
Th at t h e y h av e cast u po n t hy fi e ld , th i s I st r ik e back
ag ai n o n t h e m .

5 T he s
p e ll t h at w i ck ed m en h av e cast o n th i ne or i g i n al
h o u se h o l d fi re , -

A n d o n t h y sac rifi c ial h all , t hi s I st r i k e back ag a ni

o n the m .

6 T h e sp e ll t h at t h ey h av e cast u p o n th y p u bli c ro o m ,
t hy gam bli n g b o ard, -

S p e l l t h e y h av e cast u p o n th y di ce , th i s I st ri k e back
ag a n o n i th e m .

7 T h e sp e ll t h at t h ey h av e cast u p o n t h i n e ar m y o r
t h y sh afts an d ar m s,
S p e l l t h e y h ave cast u p o n t h e dr u m , t h i s I t h ro w
b ack ag ai n o n t h e m .

8 Ch ar m t hey h av e l ai d w i th i n t h y w ell or b u ri e d in
the b u r n i n g g ro u n d -
,

C h ar m t he y h ave l ai d w i t h i n thy h o m e th i s I th ro w ,

back agai n o n t h e m .

9 T h e sp e l l th at t h ey h ave w ro u gh t fo r t h e e i n fl i ck er i n g
fi re o f h u m an bo n e s ,

M ro k a co n su m i n g can n ibal t h is I t hro w back ag ai n

, , ,

on th e m .

4 4
2 111 1214 : the M et h o n iea Su pe rba a sp ecies o f l il y . N ar dch f
so m e u n id e n t i fi ed p l ant .

5 H o useho l d fi re Gi rh apat ya ( agn i ) ; t h e w est e r n sac red fi re m ai n

t ain e d b y e v e ry m ast e r o f a h o u se .

9 Al r oka : A gn i in h is m ost dreaded fo rm ; th e fi re of th e fun eral p il e .

H YM N T H E A T H A R VA VE D A -
. 24 3

H e b ro u g h t t h is by no
p ro
p er
p at h , by th e r i gh t
p at h w ed ri v e it b ack .

T h e fo o l i n fo lly bro u gh t it t o t h o se w h o o b se r v e
e stabli sh e d b o u n ds .

N o p o w e r h ad h e w h o w ro u gh t th e sp e l l h e h u rt .

h is fo o t, h e bro k e h is to e .

U n l u ck y fo r his w e al t hy l o rds, he h at h w ro u gh t
h ap p i n e ss fo r u s .

M ay I n dra sl ay w i t h m igh ty b o l t , m ay A gn i w thi

his m i ssil e p i e rce
T h e so rc e re r w h o b ri n s th e c u rse , w ho de al s w thi
r o o ts an d se c re t s e l s
p .

10 H e t h e h o st i l e en ch an t e r, w h ose i n can tat io ns h ave b e en im

p p
ro e rl y c o n d u ct ed , an d l au n ch ed again st h o n est m en w ho are p roo f
ag ai n st t h e m .

1 1 Of I V . . 1 8 6 H i s w eal thy l or ds : t h e
. . rich m en w ho h ired his
se r vi ce s w h o has cursed us in vain .
 Y M N II I
H .

G UA R D us th e M ar u t s ! G u ard us we ll , 0 I n dra ,

P fl sh an , A d it i .

G u ard u s , 0 W ate rs C h il d ’

,
an d R i v e rs S e ve n . M ay
V i sh nu
.

g u ar d u s , an d th e Sk y .

2 M ay H E art h t ak e c ar e o f u s fo r v i c to ry ,
e av e n an d

m ay P re ssi ng S t o n e an d S o m a sav e u s fro m d i st re ss

-
.

Sarasv ati , au sp i c i o u s Go dde ss g u ard u s w e ll : p re ,

ser v e u s A g n i an d h i s k i n d r o t e c t i n g p o w e rs
p .

3 P re se r v e u s b o t h th e A s vi n s Go ds an d L o rds o f ,

L ig h t and l e t t h e D aw n s an d N ig h t b ri n g u s
,

de li v e r an c e .

T h e W at e rs C h i l d p r t e c t o u r h o u se fro m e v e ry h ar m
’
o .

D o t h o u Go d T , vasht ar , m ak e u s st r o n
g fo r h eal t h
an d w e a t h l .

H YM N IV .

M A Y T vash tar B rah m anasp at i , , Parj any a h e ar m y

h o ly p ray e r .

M ay A d i t i w i t h h e r so n s, t h e b ro th e rs, g u ard
al l u s,
i n v i n c ible p ro t e c t in g p o w e r
,
.

2 M ay A nsa B h aga, V ar u na, an d M i tra, A ryam

, an ,
A di t i an d M aru t s g u ard u s
,
.

M ay w e b e fre e d fro m t h at O p p resso r s h at r ed

’
.

M ay h e k e e p o ff th at fo e m an w ho is n e ar u s .

A h ym n to vario u s deit ies fo r p ro t e ct io n an d p rosp e rity .

1 Water s C hi ld : a freq u en t l y o cc u rri ng appell at io n o f A g n i, b o rn

’

i n t h e fo rm o f l ig h t n i n g fro m t h e w at ery cl ou ds o f t h e fi rm am en t .

R i v er s Seven t he I n d us, t h e Fi ve R i vers o f t he Pan jfib , an d e it h er t he

Sarasvat i o r t he Ku b h a Sec I V 6 2 . . . .

A hym n to vario us deit ies fo r p ro t ec t io n .

1 P arj an ya : God o f t he rain cl o u d See I 2 l -

. . . . A di ti w i th al l her
son s see n o t e o n I 9 l . . .

2 A fi ga : one of th e A dityas H e : . an y o n e o r each o f t h e frien dl y

Gods .
H YM N T H E A T H A R V A V E DA -
. 24 7

3 M ay b o t h th e A s v i n s
'
fu rt h e r our de vo t i o n . W ith
c e ase l e ss c ar e de li v e r u s, W i de -
R an g e r ! 0 F at he r
H e av e n , k e e p fro m u s al l m i sfo rt u n e s .

H YM N V .

A om , ado re d w t h sacre d o il ,
i li ft u
p t h i s m an t o h ig h
e state .

E n do w h im w i t h fu ll st o re o f st re n gt h an d m ak e h im
ri c h i n ro e n y
p g .

2 A d v an ce h im , I n dra ! L e t h i m b e ru l e r o f al l ak i n t o
h im .

G ran t h i m su ffi c i e ncy o f w eal th : gu ide hi m to li fe

an d l e n g t h o f day s .

3 P r o sp e r t h i s m an , 0 A g n i , i n w h o se h o u se w e o ffe r
sac r ifi c e .

M ay S o m a bl e ss h im , an d th e G o d h e re p r e se n t ,

B rah m anasp at i .

H YM N V I .

T ar go d l e ss m an w ho e v e r p l o ts i
ag a n st u s, B rah
m anas at i,
p
Tho u g i sh a
ve u
p as
plt
r e y t o m e th e w o rsh i pp e r

w ho p o u r t h e j u i ce .

2 I f S o m a an y sp i t e fu l m an h ath ai m ed at u s w h o se
, ,

t h o ug h t s ar e k i n d ,

S m i te w i t h t h y b o l t u po n h is face : h e cru sh ed t o ,

p i ec e s van i sh e t h
, .

3 Wid e R anger-
fan reach in g H eaven . F ather H eaven dyaushp i sar
Zeu pater, Ju p iter .

A a
p y
r er t o A gn i an d I n dra fo r t h e w el l b e in g o f -
a p r i n cel
y pat ro n .

3 H er e p r esen t : Brah m a a
n p
s a t i b e i n g so m e t im es iden t ifi ed w it h
A gn i w ho is prese nt as t he sacr ifi c ial fi re .

T h e h ym n has been t ransl at ed b y Lu d w ig , Der R ig veda, II I p 4 31 . .

.

A hym n fo r p ro tect io n fro m w ick ed m en .

2 Wi t h thy bo l t : m o re usu al l y t h e w eapo n of I n d ra .

24 8 m s 11 m m or [ s o ar V I .

3 S o m a, w h o e v e r tr o u bl e t h b e h e a st ran g e r o r ak i n ,
u s,
D e p ri v e h i m of the st r e n t h h e h ath
g sl ay hi m t h y
se l f li k e m i gh ty Dy au s !
YM N V I I H .

S o n s ! w h at p at h w ay A di t i an d t h e t h ree g u i l e l e ss
M i t ras u se c o m e t ho u w i t h h e l p t o u s t h e re by
, .

2 Th e re by t h o u co n q u e ri ng S o m a w il t g i v e A su ras
, ,

t o b e o u r p r ey t h e r by b e y e o u r ad vo cat e s
,
e
.

3 W h e re by y e G o ds re p e l l e d an d stayed t h e p o w ers o f
t h e A su ras t h ere by g i ve sh e l t e r u n to u s
, .

H YM N V I II .

Lm s as t h e c re e pe r t hro w s h e r ar m s o n e v e ry si de
aro u n d t h e t r ee ,
So h o ld t h e n m e in t h i n e e m b race t h at t h o u m ay st
be i n l o v e w i t h m e , m y darli n g n e v e r t o d e p art , .

2 A s, w henh e m o u n ts, t h e eag l e st r i k e s h is p i n i o n s

do w n w ard o n t h e e ar t h ,

S o do I st ri k e th y sp i ri t do w n t h at th o u m ay st be i n
l o ve w i th m e , m y darli ng , n e v e r t o de par t .

3 Dy au s : H eav en ; t h e b r igh t sk y i tse l f, t h e o l d Dyans, won

sh ip ped as w e k n o w b y t h e A ryas b e fo re t h ey b ro k e u p in t o se p ara te

e o l e s an d l ang uag es, a n d su r v iv in g in G ree ce as Ze u s, in I tal as

p p y
J u p ite r, H ea ve n fat her, an d am on g t he T eu to n ic t ri b es as T yr an d
-

T i e d M M ul l e r, I n d ia, W hat can it T each n s ? p 1 94

— . . .

T h e h ym n has b een t ran sl ated b y Lu d wig , De r R ig ve da, II] p 4 30 . . .

A p rayer to So m a and o t he r Go ds fo r h el p an d p ro tec t io n .

1 Th r ee gu i l el ess M i tr as M it ra an d t h e t w o o t h er A d ityas, V aru na

an d A ryam an , w ho are usu al l y asso ciate d w it h h im .

t o w in a m aiden l o ve
’
A c h arm s .

1 C r eep er : l lbnj d ; p ro b ab l y, w o od b ine See R igveda X 1 0 1 3 . . . .

T he re frain o f t h e t h ree stan zas occu rs al so in I 34 5, an d I I 30 1 . . .

. .

T he m o re l it e ral t ran sl at ion is T hat t ho u m ayst n e verm o re de part , o r,

b e e st ran ged .

T he hy m n h as b ee n t ran sl at ed an d e xp l ain ed b y W eb e r, I n d isch e

St u dien , V 261 sqq an d b y Gril l , H un de rt Lieder, pp 54 , 1 58
. . . .
250 r m : m u ms o r [ s o ar VI .

3 A l l h ail fo r i i
v s on t o t h e S tar s, t o H eav e n , t o S h rya,
so v ran L o rd !
H Y M N XI .

A SV A T T H A on t h e S am i t r e e -
. T h e re a m ae l bi rt h is
ce rt ifi e d .

T h e re is t h e fi n d i n g o f a so n : th i s b ri n g w e to t he
wom e n fo l k -
.

2 T h e fat h e r so w s th e g e n i al see d, t he w o m an t e n ds
an d fo st e rs i t .

T h i s is t h e fi n di n g o f a 8 0 11 : t h u s h at h Praj ap at i
de cl ar e d .

3 Praj ap ati A nu m at i S i n i v fil i h av e o rde re d it

, , .

E l se w h e re m ay h e effe c t t h e b i r t h o f m aids b u t ,
h e re
p re
p are a boy .

H Y M N XII .

I ,
AS th e S u n go e s r o u n d t h e h eav e n , h av e t rav e ll e d
r o u n d t h e S e r e n t s rac e
’

p .

I w ard t h y p i
o so n o ff, as Nigh t p ar ts al l l
e se li v i n g
fro m t h e Sun .

3 Star s t he eyes o f h eav en . Sat ya

-
as t h e God of l igh t C f . . M ay
Lo rd ( V
’
S fi rya, so vran o f eyes, p ro t e ct m e . 24 .

An e p it h al am ian ch arm to e n su re t he b i rth of a boy .

1 T h e p rod u ct io n o f fi re b y m ean s o f t h e d ril l , t h e u p p er part o f

w h ich is m ade o f A svat t h a, an d t h e l o w e r par t o r recep t acl e o f Se m i
w o o d , rep rese n ts t h e u n io n o f m an an d w ife M o reo ver, t h e A svat th a, .

w h ich h as a m ascu l in e n am e, sp rin gi n g fro m , an d g ro wi n g o n, t h e

fem in in e Se m i t ree, is t yp ical o f t h e m al e ch il d in du e t im e t o b e ho rn
-
.

Sec I I I 6 1 . . .

2 P r aj ap ati Lo rd o f Life , w hOse favou rin g aid is i n v o k ed o n t h ese

occasio n s See .
Rg
i v ed a 1 8 4 l , an d A X
t h a
.r v a v eda V 2
.5 1 3 -
. . .

3 A n u m ati an d Si n tvd l i ( see V 25 3) are deit ies p residin g o v er . .

d i ffe ren t p h ases o f t h e m o on an d asso c iated w it h co n ce p t io n an d ch il d

b irt h See Web er , I n disch e St u d ien , V pp 228 sqq
. . . .

T h e hy m n h as b een t ransl ate d an d e l u cidat ed b y Web er, I n dische

S t u d ie n , V p 264 See al so Lu dw ig, Der R igveda, I I I p 4 7 7
. . . . . .

A ch arm again st v e n o m o u s ser e n t s.

p
H YM N m s A T H A R V A V E DA -
. 251

2 W i t h t hi s di sco vered i n t h e day s o f o l d by B rah m an s

, ,

R i sh i s G o ds , ,

W it h t h i s I w ard th y p o iso n o ff th en B i t er ! fo r m e d ,

an d fo r m i n g n o w .

3 W i t h m ead I m i ngl e fl o w i n g stream s : t h e h ill s an d

m o u n tai n s sh all b e m e ad ,

P ar u sh ni an d S i p hld m ead M ay i t b e w e l l w i th .

m o u t h an d h ear t .

Y M N XII I
H .

W O R S H IP to w eap o n s o f t h e G o ds ! w o rsh i p t o w e ap o n s
of t he Ki n g s !
0
’
T he n w o rsh ip t o th e p eo p le s ar m s ! w o r sh ip ,

D e at h b e , p ai d t o t h ee !

2 L e t w o r sh i p b e t o t h y de fe n ce an d to th i n e accu sa
t i o n p ai d .

D e at h ! b e t hi s wo r sh ip p a id t o th y g o o d w ill -
an d t hy
l
m a e v o l e n ce

3 W o rsh i p th y p h y si c i an s, to t h y so rce re rs be
to
w o rsh ip p ai d !

D e at h ! l e t t h i s r e v e re n ce b e do n e u nt o t h y B rhh
m an s an d t hy ro o t s .

2 Wi th thi s d rug o r ch arm , u n de rst o od .

3 Parash at on e o f t h e ri ven of t h e Pan j ah, n ow cal l ed the R i vi .

Sp
i al a a st ream f ul l of q
t h e a uat ic p l an t Sipfil a, Saival a, or A vak i
xa Oc tan dra)
( y
Bl .

A h y m n o f h o m age t o Deat h .

1 God s p riests, w h ose w eapo n s are re l ig io us fervo ur , an d t h e p o w e r

T he p eop l e s b e l o n gin g to t h e V aisyas, t h e
’
o f b l essin g an d c u rsin g .

m en w h o co n st it u t e t h e t h ird cl ass o r cast s o f t h e co m m un i ty, ag ricu l

t u riste an d t radesm en .

2 Def en ce an d accusa ti on al l t h at is said in t hy favo ur an d

again st t h ee .

3 B oo ts used in in can tat ions t o dest ro y en em ies .

252 m s R U I NS or [3 0 01 n .

H Y M N XI V .

B an ova t h o u al l D e c li n e t h at l u rk s w i th i n th e
m embers and t h e j o i n t s ,

T h e fi rm l y se t t l e d h e ar t d i sease t h at rack s t h e
- -
bo nes
and r e n ds th e li m bs .

2 F ro m t h e co nsu m p ti ve m an I p l u ck Dec li n e as ’
t w e re
a se ve red p ar t .

I cu t t h e b o n d th at fe tte rs him , e v en as a r o o t o f
cu cu m be r .

3 B eg o n e , Co n su m p t i o n
, h e n ce aw ay , li k e a y o u n
g fo al
t h at r u n s at sp e e d .

T h e n , n o t p e rn i cio u s to ou r m en , fl ee , y ear ly v i si tan t

li k e g rass !
HYM N X V .

M esr e xce lle n t of all t h e p l an ts art th o u thy v e sse l s

'
:

are t h e t r ee s .

L et h i m b e su bj ect t o o ur
p o w e r , th e m an w ho se ek s
to i nj u re us .

2 W ho e ver se ek s to i nj ur e u s, w i th k i n sm en o r no k in
t o aid ,
M ay I be u
pp e rm ost o f al l , e ven as t h is P l an t is
q u ee n of tr ees .

A ch arm again st Co nsu m p t ion .

1 Decl i n e bal dsam t h e grad u al wast ing away t hat fre u en t l y

’
q
fo l l o w s T ak m an o r m al arial fe ver See Zim m er, A I Leb en , 386, 387
. . . .

T h e stanza is addressed t o so m e m ed icin al p l an t .

a sever ed m u shhar dm hd sicn t t est icu l u m

’
2 A s tw er e p ar t yd t ; .

3 Year l y vi si tan t l ike gr ass u sual l y p re val en t in t h e rain y season

w h en grass su dden l y sp rin gs u p in t h e greatest ab u n dan ce .

A ch arm fo r p o w er an d p reem in en ce .

2 T hi s P l an t : t h e T al ssfi o f stan za 3, an u n iden t ifi ed sh ru b o r

.

t ree ; r ete st, rat an , accord in g t o Kes ava .

3 So m a t h is fam o us p l an t has rem ain ed u n i den ti fi ed t il l recent l y

M x M ul l er, Biograp h ies o f Wo rd s, A pp e nd ix I II , u o t ed in q
( see a .

T he H ym n s o f t h e R ig veda, V o l I p Dr A i t ch ison has l atel y

. . . .

st at ed t hat So m a m ust b e t h e Ep hedr a p achyel ade, wh ich i n t h e H ari

rud vall ey is said t o b ear t h e n am e o f hu m , ham , an d yah m a T h is .

254 T H E m u ms or [B o o s V I .

Y M N XV I I H .

E V EN as t h i s m i gh t y E art h c o n ce i v e d t h e ge r m o f al l
t h e t h i n gs t h at be ,

S o m ay t h e ge r m o f li fe b e l ai d i n t h e e t hat t h o u m ay st
b e ar a so n .

2 E v e n as t h i s m i gh t y E art h h at h b o r n e an d b ears t h e
st at e ly fo re st t r e e s ,

S o m ay t h e g e r m o f li fe b e b o rn e i n t h e e t hat th o u
m ay st be ar a so n .

3 E v e n as t h i s m ig h ty E art h hat h bo rn e an d b ear s t h e

m o u n tai n s an d t h e h ill s ,

S o m ay t h e g e r m o f l i fe b e bo rn e i n t h e e t h at t h o u
m ay st b e ar a so n .

E v e n as t h i s m i g h t y E art h su pp o rts t h e m o v i ng w o rl d
t h at d w e ll s t h e re o n ,

S o m ay t h e g e r m o f li fe b e b o r n e in t h e e t h at t h o u
m ay st b e ar a so n .

Y M N XV I II H .

T m : fi rst ap p ro ach o f J eal o u sy an d t h at w h i ch , fo l

l o w e t h t h e fi rst ,

T h e p ai n t h e fi re t h at b u r ns w i t h i n th y h ear t
, we
q u e n c h an d dri ve aw ay .

2 E ve n t h e e ar t h is de ad t o se n se , y ea, m o r e u n co n
as
sc i o u s t h an th e d e ad ,

E v e n as a co r p se s sp i r i t is t h e sp i ri t o f t h e j e al o u s m an
’
.

A ch arm to en su re co n cep t io n an d t h e b i rth o f a so n .

1 E ar th the M o t her o f al l : H e aven an d Eart h , Ou ran os an d Gaia,

b e in g regard ed as t he Un i versal Pare n ts . So in t he Ge n esis of t he

N ew Z eal an d e rs : T he H eaven s w h ich are ab o ve us an d th e Eart h

w h ich l ies b en eat h u s, are t h e p rogen ito rs o f m en , an d th e o rig in of

al l t hin gs .
— M ax
’
M ii l l er, In dia, W hat can it T each us ? p 1 54 . .

T h e h ym n has b ee n t ran sl ated b y Lu dw ig, Der R igv eda, I I I p 4 7 7 . . .

A ch arm to b an ish J eal ous

y .

2 Dead to b ru ta t el l us H e , Odes I 34
’
cf (
‘
sense . o rac . .
H YM N m s A T H A R V A VE DA -
. 255

3 T h e t h o u
g h t t h at h ar b o u r s i n t h y h e art ,
t h e fl u t t e r

i n g d o u b t t h at d w e ll s t h e r e i n ,
Y e a al l t h y j e al o u sy , li k e h e at b o r n o f th e dan ce ,
,

I ban i sh th e n ce .

Y M N XIX
H .

L s r th e
'
Go ds p u r i fy m e l e t m e n , p ur i fy m e i
w th a

p ra e ry .

Cl ean se m e al l c re at u r e s t h at e x st i ! m ay P avam fi n a
m ak e m e p u re .

2 M ay P av am hn a m ak e m e p u re fo r w i sdo m an d fo r
o w e r an d li fe , an d u n assail e d se c u r i t y
p .

3 G o d S av i tar , by b o t h o f t h e se , fil t er an d p ressi n g o u t
t h e j u i c e , p u ri fy u s t h at w e m ay se e .

H Y M N XX .

H ye re fro m th i s fi e r c e bu r n i ng
’
r
g o es aw a t w as fi re ,
i n e br i ate d an d l am e n t i n g h e de p art s .

L et h im l aw l ess se e k an o t h e r an d n o t u s
, the , .

W o rsh i p b e p ai d t o F e v e r ar m ed w i th fi e ry h e at .

2 T o R u dra an d t o F e v e r b e o u r w o rsh i p p ai d : w o rsh i p

b e p ai d t o V ar u na t he sp l e n di d K i n g !
W o rsh i p to D yau s t o E ar t h w o rsh i p b e p ai d to Pl an ts !
, ,

3 L ike heat bor n of the dan ce o r, i f dri ter , as su ggest ed in t h e St .

P Dict io n ary an d ad o p t ed b y Web e r, b e read in st ead o f n ri ter ,

.
‘
l ik e
’
b reat h fro m l eat h e rn b ag .

T h e h ym n h as b ee n t ran sl at ed b y Lu d w ig, Der R ig ved a, I I I p 51 4 , . .

b y Web e r, I n d isch e St u d ien , V p 235, an d b y Gr il l , H u n de rt Lieder,

. .

pp 28
.
, l 59 .

A p rayer fo r p u rifi cat io n .

1 P avam dn a t h e de ifi ed So m a j u i ce as it is cl arifi ed b y p assin g

th roug h t h e fi l ter .

T h e h ym n has b een t ran sl ated b y Lu dw ig, Der R ig veda, I I I p 4 31 . . .

A ch arm again st Fev er .

1 H F e v er p e rso n ifi ed
e .

2 R u d r a as se n d e r o f d isease an d death . See I 1 9 3

. . . F ever
see I 25 l . Dyaus : H e aven
. . .
255 m s s u ms or [ B OO K V I .

3 Th ou w h o , ag o w w th l i h eat , m ak e st al l b o di es g re e n ,
t o t hee, re d , b ro w n , I ho w , t h e F e v e r o f t h e w o o d .

H Y M N XX I .

Or al l t h e t h r ee t err est r i al real m s the g ro u n d is

v e r ily t h e b est .

I fro m t h e sk i n th at co v ers th ese gath er a h e ali ng

m ed c nei i .

2 Th o u art t h e b e st of m ed c nes, i i m o st e x ce l e n t
l of

Plan ts art th o u ,

S o m a m id t h e w an de r i n g stars, as V aru na am o ng
’
A s

t h e G o ds .

3 E n d o w e d w i th w e al t h , d e n i
y gn n o t , g i v e fr e e ly fai n

t o g i v e y o u r g i fts
'

Y e stay t he h ai r fro m falli ng o ff y e st re n g t h e n an d

i n crease its g ro w t h .

H Y M N XXII .

D A R K t he desce n t ; g d bi r ds a th e
r e st o n g w n
r -
i e

o l de n : th ey fly al o ft t o h e av e n e n r o b e d i n w at e rs
g , .

T h ey h av e co m e h i t h e r fro m t h e seat o f O rde r , and

i n u n dat ed ear t h w i t h st ream s o f fat n e ss .

3 Gr een : o r yell o w See I 25 3, w here Fe ve r is call ed God o f t he

. . .

’
sick l y yel l o w .

Of the wo od especial l y p re val en t in den sel y w oo ded d ist ricts .

T h e hym n has been t ran sl at ed b y Lu d w ig, De r R ig veda, I I I p 5 1 1 . . .

A ch arm to st ren gt h en h air an d

it s gro wt h p ro m o t e .

1 T hr ee ta r estr ial real m s : t h e w o rl d is d iv ided in t o h eaven, fi rm s

me ,n t a n d ea r th , an d ea c h o f t h es e, ag ai n , i s so m e t im e s sp o k e n o f as
th ree fo l d .C f R. i g v ed a I V 5 3 5 , a.n d V I I
. 8 7 5 T h e ski n t h a t
. co v e
.r : .

these t h e su rface o f t h e g ro m 1 d t h e sk in o n w h ich t h e p l an ts gro w as

i
ha g r r o w s o n t h e s k i n o f t h e h e ad .

2 So m a t h e M oo n .

3 Ye stay th e hai r f r om
f al l i ng o f : t h e p l an ts en do w ed w it h t h ese
v ir t u es are l e ft u n n am ed .

T h e hym n has b een t ran sl at ed , w it h n o tes, b y Gril l , p p 50, 1 60

. .

A h ym n t o t h e M aru ts o r S t o rm Go ds -
.

1 T h is st an za, w h ich recu rs in I X 1 0 22, is tak en fro m . .

Rg
i v eda l .

1 6 47
. Str ong wi nged bi rds : h ere t he M aru ts
.
-
.
258 T H E m u ms or [ B OOK n .

HYMN XXI V .

F OR T H fro m th e H ill s o f S n o w t h e y st re am , an d m e e t
in S i n dh u h e re t he r e or .

To m e the sac re d W ate rs ave t he bal m t h at heal s

g
t he h e ar t d i se ase
’
s .

2 W h at e v e r ru p t u re I h av e h ad th at i nj u re d e y es o r
h e e l s o r to e s ,

A l l t h is t h e W at e rs sk il fu l l est p hysic ian s sh all m ak e

, ,

w e ll ag ai n .

3 A l l R i v ers w h o h av e S i n dh u fo r y o u r L ady Si n dh u ,

fo r y o u r Q u e e n ,

Gi ve u s t h e bal m t h at h e al s t h i s ill : t hi s b o o n l e t
u s e nj o y fr o m ou
y .

HYMN X XV .

M A Y al l t h e fi v e an d fi fty w h i c h m e e t r o u n d th e t e n
- -

do n s of th e nec k

D e p ar t
’
an d v an sh i h e n ce aw a y li k e p l ag u i n g i n se ct s
b u zz an d hu m !
2 T h o se se ve n t y
-
an d se v e n w h ch m e e t r o u n d t h e u p p e r
-
i
v ert e b ra ,

L et t h e m al l v an sh i y li ke p l ag u i n g in sects ’
h e n ce aw a
bu zz an d hu m !

A hym n t o t h e R i vers .

1 Si n d hu : t h e I n d us .

2 Ski lf u l l a t p hy si cians : of I 6 2, 3, an d I I I 7 5 . . . . . .

3 F or your L ady Si n dh u o r t he dei t y o f t h e ri ver is so m e t im es

fem in in e in t h e V eda .

T h e h ym n has b een transl ated, w ith n o tes, b y Grill , H u n dert Lied er,
pp l.3, l 6 l .

A ch arm again stA pach itas, p u st u l es o r scro fu l o u s sw el l in gs See .

Bl oo m fi el d, Kau sik a Sut ra, p x m v:

-
Dr W ise ( H in d u Syst em of
. .

M edicin e ) says : W h en m an y sm al l t u m o u rs l ik e p l u m s ap p ear i n t h e

axil l a, n e ck , b ack, an d gro in s, t h ey are p ro d u ced b y d iseased fat, an d

p h l eg m T.h ey su pp u rat e sl o w l y, an d co n t in u e t o ap pear an d su pp u rat e

fo r a l o n g p e rio d, w he n i t is call ed Ap achi Cf A V V I 8 3 V I I 7 4

’
. . . . . .

l , 2; 2 .
s u m T 11 19 A T H A R V A V E DA -
. 259

3 T h o se i
n n e an d n n e t- -
i y i
w h c h , co m bi ned ,
attac k the
sh o u lde r ro u n d a o u t , b ’
L e t t h e m al l van i sh h e n ce aw a y li k e p lagu i n g i n se cts
b u z z an d h u m !
H Y M N XXV I .

L ET m e g o fre e , 0 M i se ry : do th o u , t he m i g h ty ,

p i t y us .

Se t m e u n n u re d i j i n t h e w o rl d of h ap p i n e ss, O M ise ry .

2 F ro m t he e fro m th ee w h o fl iest n o t fro m u s 0

, ,

M i se ry w e fl y,
.

T he n at t h e t u r n i ng o f th e pat hs l e t M isery fall o n

so m e o n e e l se .

3 M ay t h e i m m o rtal th o u san d ey e d d w e ll o t h er w h e re
,
-
,

ap art fr o m u s .

L e t h im affl i c t t h e m an w e h ate : sm i te on ly h i m w ho
is o u r fo e .

H Y M N XX V I I .

G o ns ! w h atso e e r Do v e
h i th e r see k i ng ,
’
t he cam e

se n t t o u s as t h e e n vo y o f D est r u ct i o n ,

F o r t h at l e t u s si n g h y m n s an d m ak e ato n em en t .

W e ll b e it w it h o u r q uadru p eds and bip eds l

2 A us i c i o u s b e t h e D o v e t h at h at h b ee n se n t u s a
p ,

h ar m l e ss bi r d 0 G o ds t h at se e k s o u r d w e lli ng
, ,

M ay A g n i Sage b e p l ease d w i t h o u r o blat i o n an d

, , ,

m ay t h e m i ssil e b o r n e o n w i n gs av o i d u s .

A h ym n t o A fl ict ion .

I 0 M i ser y p dp m an m ean i n g b o t h sin an d distress .

A charm t o avert t h reate n ed m isfo rt un e .

l T h e h ym n , tak en fro m R ig veda X 1 65, is ascri b e d to t h e Bish i .

Kapo ta ( Pigeo n o r Do v e ) so n o f N ir rit i o r Dest ru ct io n A do ve , re .

g a rd ed as a n il l o m e
-
n ed b i nd an d t h e m e sse nge r o f Deat h , h as fl o w n
i n to t h e h o use, an d t he Go ds are en t reat e d to t ur n t he in ausp i cio us
v isit t o a b l essin g .

I n En gl an d t h e do v e w h o ret u rn in g b o re t he m ark o f eart h res~

t o red t o t h e l o n g l ab o u ri ng ark
’
( see Ge n esis 8 is a d d
.
g
re r e as
t he v ery b l essed sp irit o f p eace an d l o ve
’
.
 = B K w
T H E H FM N S o r [ OO .

3 L et t he a rro w t h at h at h s wi ngs d i st ract

n ot us.

B esi de t h e fi re p l ace , o n t h e h ear th i t se t t les

- '
.

M ay i t b ri n g w e l far e t o o u r m e n an d cat t le h e re
”
‘
z

l e t th e D o ve , ye Go ds, fo r b e ar to h arm u s i

H Y M N XX V II I .

D R IV E fo rth t h e D o ve , ch ase i t w i t h h o ly v e rses

re o c
j i ing b r ing : . w e h i th er fo od and cat t l e ,
O b l itenat in g traces o f m i sfo rt u n e . M o st fle e t m ay it
fl y fo rt h an d l eav e u s v i go u r .

st re ng th e ned A g ni s th ese
’
2 T hese m en h ave m i gh t ,

m en h av e b ro u gh t th e k i ne to us
. .

Th ey h ave sung, g l o ry to t he Go ds
-
. Wh o i s the
. m an
t h at co n q u e rs t h e m ?

3 Be r e ve re nc e ~
p aid rt o h i m w h o , w h il e
-
exp or n l i g t h e

p at h fo r m an y ,
fi rst ap p r o ac h e d t h e r i ve r ,

L o rd of th i s w o rl d of q u adru p eds an d bi p e ds : to h i m
be re vere n ce pa id , to Deat h , to Y a m s

H YM N XXI X .

O u t hm s
e m en a
ye nd e r f all t he w i ng éd m iss e : il t he
scree ching o f t he O wl is i n e ffe ct i ve ,
A nd that t h e Do/ve
° r
. b eside t h e fi re hat h se t tl ed .

. A ch ann tc avert t hreaten ed m isfo rt un e

. . See V I 27 l . .
, an d Bg
i veda

X 1 65 5
. . .

2 T hese M y ths p i n ts .

3 T he r i ver w h ich se parates t h e w orl d l ife fro m

of t h e h om e of

t h e dead . Yam s. fi rst fou n d fo r us t he road to t rav el th is p ast u re :

b e t ak en from Men b o rn eart h t read t h e ir o wn

“
n ever can us . on

p ath s t hat l ead t h em wh it h er Fat hers h ave d ep arte d

ou r an cien t
i
( Bg v ed a X 1 4 . . C om pare A thar xaavcda XV II I 33 1 3. and Mui t S . . .

T ext s, V 288 sqq . .

A ch arm to av e rt t h reate n ed m isfo rt u ne .

l Pi das 2 an d 3 are tak en from Rg

i veda X 1 65 4 . . . . l nsf i
ect vs o n u s.
262 m m s u ms or [ BOOK VI .

H Y M N XXXI .

Tm s sp o t te d B u ll h at h c o m e an d sat b e fo re h is
m o th eri n t h e east ,
A d van c i n g t o h is fath e r H e av e n .

2 A i i fro m h is b re at h h is radi an ce p en e trate s

s e x p rat o n
w i th i n T he B u ll sh i n e s o u t t h ro ug h al l t he sk y
. .

3 H e r u l e s su p re m e t h r o u g h t h i r y r e al m s O n e
t —
w i n g ed w i t h so n g h at h m ade h i m m o u n t
T h ro u gh o u t t h e day s at b reak o f m o r n .

Y M N XXXII
H .

W I T H b u t te r i n h is h all w h e re fi re is b u r n i n g
, ,

er fo rm t h at sacr ifi c e w h i c h q u e ll s t h e o bli n s
p g .

B u r n fro m afar agai n st t h e de m o n s A g n i ! A fll ic t .

n o t i n t h y fu ry u s w h o p r ai se t h e e .

2 L et R u d ra b re ak yo u r n e ck s O y e Pi sach as an d sp li t
, ,

y o u r r ibs asu n de r Y At u dh an as !
,

H e r e M i tra V aru na ! m ay w e d w e ll safe ly : w i t h

,
-

s l e n do u r d ri ve t h e r e e dy de m o n s b ac k w ard
p g .

L e t th e m n o t fi n d a su re ty o r a re fu g e b u t t o r n aw ay ,

g o d o w n to D eat h t o ge th e r .

A h ym n t o Sdrya t h e Su n Go d , t ak en w ith
-
variat io n s fro m R ig veda
X . 1 89 .

1 T hi s sp o tted B u l l t h e Su n . H is m o ther Earth , or Daw n .

3 T hi r ty r eal m s all t h e divisio n s o f t h e w o rl d One w i ng ed w i th .

son g : p erh ap s A gn i, w h ose flam es asce n d am id t h e hy m n s o f t h e p riests .

T he read in g o f t he R ig ve da is vd k p a tangdy a d h iy ate,

’ '

So n g is
b est ow e d u p o n t h e Bi rd , t hat is, o n t h e Su n w h ose m o rn in g so n g rep t e
sen ts p raye r See Lu d w ig, Der R ig veda, I V p 1 59
. . . .

A ch arm againstfi en ds an d go b li n s .

1 Go bl i ns : Y i t udh fin as see I 7 . . I . Dem ons : R t k sh asas fi e rce

n oct u rn al fi en ds o r o gre s .

2 P i sachas m al ignan t im ps ; see I 1 6 3, n o te M i tr a Var u na

. . .
-

th e t w o Go ds ad d ressed as a d u al d eit y , m i t r d vam nau Gr eedy d em o ns .

atr i nae t usky fi en ds, as Pro f M ax M ul l er renders t h e w o rd

’
or . .
s u m m s A T E A R V A V E DA -
. 263

H Y M N XXX III .

H r: wh o c o n t ro l s t h is ai r an d m en w ho aid h is
st r en t
g ,h an d w o o d, an d h eave n, t h e l o fty se at
w h ch i I n dra l o v es .

2 T he bo l d w ho se o verp o w er i n g m i gh t th e b o l de st
n e ver h at h de fi ed ,
F o r t re ss li ke , u nassai lable is
-
I n dra s w rath ’

, an d fam e ,
an d fo r ce .

3 M ay h e b e st o w o n u s t hat w eal th , far s read n i

p g,
-

b r i gh t w i t h y e llo w h u e .

I n dr a is m i g h t ie st L o rd am o n g t he fo l k .

H Y M N X X XI V .

S END fo r th t hy v o ic e to A g n i t o , the m an ly h er o of
o ur h o m es,
So m ay h e b ear us p ast o ur fo es .

2 T h at A g n i w h o w i t h sh arp e n e d fl am e of fi re c o nsu m es
t h e R fik shasas,
S o m ay h e hear u s p ast o u r fo es .

3 H e who f ro m d i st an c e far r e m o te sh i n eth acro ss t h e

t rac ts o f l an d ,

M ay h e tr an sp o r t u s p ast o u r fo e s .

4 H e who b eh o l ds al l c re at u re s, w h o o b serv es th e m
w thi a car e fu l e ye ,

M ay h e t ran sp o rt us p ast o u r fe e s .

5 T h at br illi an t A gn i w h o w as b o r n b ey o n d t hi s reg i o n
of
t h e ai r ,
M ay h e tr an sp o r t us
p ast o ur fe e s !

A hy m n t o I n dra for t h e g ift o f rich es I n st an zas l and 2 t he

.

h ra seo l ogy is o b scu re an d t h e co nstr uc t i o n l oose , an d t h e co rrect n ess

p
o f t h e te xt is n o t free fro m susp ic io n .

I n st an za 2, l in e 2 I have ad o p ted Pro f Gel dno t e .

’
exp l anati o n of
o yd th i h, w rat h , an d p u rd ; fo rt ress, as a seco n dar f m of ir
a Sec
y o r p .

V edisc he St u dien , I I p 29 . . .

A hym n t o A gn i fo r p ro tect io n fro m en em ies .

264 m s g ra ms 011 !
[ se es 7 1 .

H YM N XXXV .

fro m th e dist an ce far away V ai sy fi nara co m e

F OR T H “

t o su cco u r u s A g n i ap p ro ae l i o u r eu l o g i e s !
‘

2 V aisvfi n ara w i t h fr i e n dly t h o ugh ts H at h co m e to t h i s

'

o u r sacr ifi ce, A
gn i w h o sa v e s fr o m W o e , t o l aud s .

3 V aisvfi n ara h at h fo r m e d t h e l iyi n n an d l au d o f t h e

‘ ‘

A n girases; T o t h ese m ay h e b ri ng gl or i o u s li g h t .

H YM N XXXV I .

H O LY V aisvhn ar a we see k , the Lo rd of ligh t an d

e n d e ss l li fe , t h e b u r n i n g O ne w h o fadet h no t .

2 H e h at h di1 e ct ed al l t h i n gs h e se n ds fo rt h t h e
S e aso n s 1 n h is m i gh t , fur t h e ri ng sacr ifi c e 8 p o w e r
’
.

3 A gn i Kfi m a i n ot h e r
h om es i
sh n e s fo rt h t he so el
i m p er ial L o rd o f al l t hat is an d is t o be .

H Y M N XX X V II .

H rm nnwann, h av i n g y o k e d h is stee ds ,
cam e I m p re
cat o n ,i t h o u san d -
e y ,
e d
S ee k i n g m y cu rser , as a w o l f t he h o m e o f o ne w ho
o w n e t h sh e e p .

A h ym n t O A gn i V ais
n ara, t he Go d o f l l A ryan m en
‘

' fa .

3 A i
ng r ases : d esce n d an t s o f t h e fam o u s Bsi h i lA n gi ras, t h e p rie sts ‘ '

w h o b y usin g t h e m agi cal f o rm ul as o f t h e A t har va v eda p rot ect t h e s

sacrifi ce fro m t he e flect s o f i n au spi ci o u s acc iden t s T hese t h e o ffi c iat

'

i n g p riest s an d t h e inst it u t o r of t h e sac ri fi ce .

'
A h ym n i n h on o u r o f A gn i V aisv snare
‘

2 H e hath di r ected al l t hi ngs t he d e it y w ho is t he ob ect j o f w o rsh i p

b ein g at t he t im e o f ado rat io n regarded as t h e su p rem e Go d ~

.

3 A gn i Kam a : t he
-
tw c G eds b e in g de n t e
i ifi d c he re as in I I I 21 4 a . .

See M u i r, O S T ext s, . . V p 4 03, and Weber, I ndi sch e St u dien , V pp

. .
‘
. .

225, 226;

A ch arm to div ert I m p recat io n .

T h e h ym n has b een t ransl ated , wit h n o t es, b y Gril l , H u n dert Lieder,

pp .2 5, 1 61 .
 BOOK
'

266 m s m u ms or [ VI .

2 We ’

ill p ay sacr ifi ce an d se r ve w i th w o rsh i p o u r

w

g l o r i o u s I n d ra fam o u s fo r h is
, g l o r i e s .

Gi v e t ho u u s sw ay w h ic h I nd ra hat h p ro m o ted an d ,

i n t h i s b o o n o f t h i n e m ay w e be fam o u s .

3 I n dra w as glo r i o u s at h is bi rt h ; A g n i So m a w ere ,

bo rn re n o w n e d .

A n d glo r i o u s am I t h e m o st ill u str i o u s o f al l th at is

,
.

H YM N X L .

H e n s m ay d w ell , 0 H eav e n an d E ar th , i n safety

we .

M ay S av i tar an d S o m a se n d u s safe ty .

O u r safe ty b e t h e w i de ai r : o u r s b e safe ty t h r o u gh
t h e o b l ati o n o f th e S e v e n R i sh i s .

2 M ay t h e F o u r Q u arte rs g 1 ve t h i s h am le t p o w e r
S av i tar fav o u r u s an d m u s h ap y !
p ak e
M ay I n dra m ak e u s f re e fro m fo e s an d d an g e r : m ay
w rat h o f K i n g s b e t u rn e d t o o t h e r l ace s
p .

3 M ak e t h o u us fr e e fro m enem i es b o t h fr o m be l o w
an d fro m b
a o ve .

0 I n d ra ,g i ve u s
p e r fe c t p e ace , p e ac e fro m b eh i n d
an d fr o m be fo r e .

Y M N XLI
H .

F o n m i n d fo r , i n t e llect fo r t h o u gh t , ,
fo r p u rp o se ,
fo r i n t e lli g e n ce ,

F o r se n se fo r h e ari n g
, , an d fo r si gh t , let u s ado re
w i t h sac rifi ce .

3 Gl or i ou s am I t h e p m yer is regard ed as al read y fu l fi l l ed .

T h e hy m n h as b een t ran sl ate d b y Lu d w ig, Der R ig veda, I I I p 240 . . .

A p rayer fo r peace an d secu ri ty .

1 Seven l i i sh i s : see I V . 11 9
. .

A p rayer fo r p ro te ct io n , l on g l ife, an d vario u s b l essin gs .

H YM N m s A T H A R VA V E D A -
. 267

2 For i
e x p r at o n , i v i tal air , an d b reath t h at am p ly
n o u r sh e s,i
L et us i
w t h sac r i fice ado re S arasvat i w h o se r each is
w i de .

3 L et not R i sh i
th es t h e d i v i n e f o r s a k e u s o u r
, o w n , , ,

o u r v e ry se l v e s o u r li v es
’
r o t e c t o rs
p , .

D o y e i m m o r tal st i l l att e n d u s m o r tal s an d g i ve u s

, , ,

v i tal p o w e r t o li v e t h e l o n g e r .

H Y M N XLII .

I LOO S E th e an g e r fro m th y h ear t as t w er e t h e ’

b o w st r i n g f r o m a b o w ,

Th at w e o n e m i n de d n o w m ay w al k to g e the r as
,
-
,

fam ili ar fr i e n ds .

2 To g e th e r l e t u s w alk as fr i e n ds : th y w rath fu l fee li n g

I re m o v e .

B e n e at h a he avy st o n e w e cast t hy w rat h aw ay an d

b u ry i t .

3 I t ram pl e o n t h i n e an g e r th u s I t re ad it do w n w i th ,

h ee l an d t o e
S o do st t h o u yi e l d th e e t o m y will t o sp e ak n o m o re ,

r e b e lli o u sly .

H Y M N XLIII .

F o n st ran g e r an d fo r fr i e n d ali ke th i s D arb h a g rass -

re m o vet h w rat h .

S o o th e r of A n
ger is it ca ed ll b ecau se it l
ca m s the
an g ry m an .

A ch arm to e ffe ct a re co n cil iat io n b e t w e en est ranged fri en ds .

2 B eneath a heavy sto n e t h e sy m b o l ical ac t io n so m e w h at resem b l es

t h e N o rt h A m eri can I n i ian s c usto m o f
’
b u ry ing t he h at ch e t as a
‘ ’
-

sig n an d p l ed g e o f p e ace .

T he h y m n has b een t ran sl at ed b y L u d w ig, Der R ig veda, I I I p 51 5, . .

an d, w i t h no tes, by Gril l , H u n de rt L ied e r, pp 29, 1 62 . .

A ch arm t o e ffect t h e recon cil iat io n o f est ran ge d frien ds .

I Dar bha : see I I 7 1 . . .

268 T H E . H YMN S or .
'

[ soo n V I .

2 T hi s P l an t that h ath a u n dan t r o o ts sp reads

b to t h e
p l ace w h ere w ate rs m e e t .

So o t h e rf A ng er re th e
o n am e o f Darb h a grass th at s

S r i n s fro m e ar th
p g .

3 We draw t h i n e o b sti nacy for t h , set i n t h y m o u th

an d m t h y j aw :
So do st t h o u yi e ld the e to m y w il l , to sp eak n o m o re
r e b e lli o u sl y .

H Y M N XLI V .

F rau st o o d t h e h eav e n , fi rm st o o d th e e art h , fi rm

st ee d t h i s u n i ve rsal w o r l d
-
.

F i r m st o o d t h e t re e s t h at sl ee p e r ect : l et t h i s th y
m al ady b e st ill .

2 O f al l t h y h u n d re d r e m edi es, a t h o usan d r em e di e s

'

c o m bi n e d ,

Th i s is t h e su re st cu re fo r fl u x , m o st e xc ell en t to
h eal d i sease .

3 Th o u ar t the st re am th at R u dra th e l
c o sest
p o u rs,

k i n o f A m ri t a .

T h y n am e i s call e d V ish fi nak a: t h o u sp ran g est fro m

t he F at h ers ro o t , re m o v i ng ill n ess cau sed by w i n d
’
.

3 Obsti nacy : t h e re b el l io u s an d p ro vo k in
g w o rds t hat t h o u hast
spo k e n .

T h e h ym n has b een t ran sl at ed , w it h n o te s, b y Gril l , H u n dert Liede r

pp 30
.
, 1 62 .

A ch arm to rem o ve disease .

1 F i r m stoo d the heaven w h e n it h ad b ee n se parate d fro m th e earth

an d estab l ish e d in its p resen t p l ace Sec I V 1 4 . . . .

2 F l ux : dsr ded , see

3 V i shd h aled an u n id en t ifi ed p l an t o r t ree

. F r o m the t her s .

r o Ot : t h o u c rm est o ri gin al l y fro m t h e sai n t s i n h eav en R em ovi n g .

i l l n ess caused by w i n d : vd t ik r tan dsant , w i n d m ean in g o n e o f t h e

i
’

b o di l y hu m o urs. T he disease i s p ro b abl y rh e u m at ism , cal l ed bd t in

H in di, e xp l ain ed in M at h u raPresi da M i sra s T ril in gu al Dict io nary b y
’

v d tar o , vdy u r og, an d o t h e r w o rd s sign i fy in g w in d-d isease an d w in d

g .

Z im m er ( A l t in di sch es Le b en , p 38 9 ) e xp l ains d iffere n t l y

. .

T h e hy m n has b een t ran sl ated b y Lu d w ig, Der R igveda, I I I p . .

27 0 TH E s u ms or [ BOOK VI .

3 A s m en d i sch arg e a d e b t , as t h e y p ay u p an e i g h th
an d h al f e u e ig h t h , - -

S o t h e w ho l e e v i l d ream do w e p ay an d assig n u n to
o u r fo e .

H Y M N XLV I I .

D EA R t o al l m e n , al l -

p ro s
p e r e r , al l c r eat n , m a
-

g y i A g ni ,
d li b i ’

g u ar u s at atth e
on m o rn s .

M ay h e t h e b r ig h t ly p u re o n e g i v e u s r i ch e s : m ay
, ,

w e h ave li fe e nj o yi n g fo o d t o g e t h e r
, .

A t th i s o u r se c o n d o fl e ri n g m ay I n dra M aru ts an d
'

2 , ,

V i s ve D e v as n e ve r fail u s .

S t ill m ay th e fav o u r o f t h e G o ds b e w i t h u s bl e st ,

w i th l o n g li fe an d sp eak i n g w o rds t h at p l e ase t h e m .

3 W e p o u r t h i s th i r d l i bat i o n o f t h e S ages w h o
fash i o n e d fo rt h t h e c u p i n p r o p e r o rde r .

W i n n e rs o f h eav e n m ay t he y S u d h an van s ch il d re n
, ,
’

l ead o u r fai r sac rifi c e t o h ap py fo r t u n e .

3 T h e stan za is an i m it at io n o f Rig veda V I I I 4 7 1 7 A s w e co l l ec t . .

o r, d isch ar ge ) t h e u t m ost d eb t, e v en t h e e igh t h an d si xt ee n t h p art ,

(
So u n t o A p t ya ( T rita A p t ya, a m y t h ical b e i n g re sid in g i n t h e rem o t est
a r t o f h eav e n , t o w h o m i t w as c ust o m ary t o wish aw ay an d co n sig n
p
an y t h reaten ed cal am i ty ) w e co n sign t oge t h e r al l t h e ev il d ream
’
.

T h e hym n h as b een t ran sl ated b y Lu d w ig, De r R igveda, II I p 4 98 . . .

A h ym n t o acco m pan y t h e t h ree dail y l ib at io n s .

1 Dear to al l m en o r, V aisvri n ara .

2 Secon d o f er i n g at m id-day .

3 T he Sag es : t h e R ib h u s, t h e t h ree so n s o f Su dh an van w h o is said

to h ave b ee n a desce n dan t o f A n g iras T h ey w ere n am ed se ve ral l y
.

B ib h n ,
V ib h v an , an d V i a , an d st yl j
ed co l l ect i v e l y R i b h u s f ro m t h e

n am e o f t h e e l d est T h ro u gh t h e ir assidu o us p e rfo rm an ce o f go od

.

w o rk s t h ey o b ta in ed di v in ity, an d b ecam e en t i t l ed t o rece ive p raise

an d ad o rat io n .T h ey are su pp osed t o d w el l in t h e so l ar sp h e re, an d
t h ere is an in d ist in ct iden t ifi cat io n o f t h em w it h t h e rays o f t h e su n :
b u t , w h et h er t y p ical o r n o t, t h ey p ro v e t h e ad m issio n , at an earl y date ,
o f t h e doc t r i n e , t h at m e n m ig h t b e co m e d i v i n i t i es
’
— W i l so n T h e . .

b h u s are said t o h av e m ade fo u r sacr ifi cial cu p s o u t o f t h e sin gl e

B i
ch al ice th at h ad b een fab ricat ed b y T vash tar, si gn ify in g, p e rh ap s,
t h at so m e in n o v at io n in sacri fi c ial p ro ced u re was at t ri b u ted t o t h em .

See Bigv eda I 20, an d 1 61 . .

3m m m s A T H A R VA V E DA -
. 27 1

Y M N XLV II I H .

T n o u art the H aw k Gdyat ri s l o rd : I ho l d t h e e fast

’
.
,

H ap p ily b ear m e to t h e g o al o f t h i s m y sacr ifi ce .

A ll h ail !
2 T ho u art t h e R ib h u l o rd o f Jagati I h o l d t hee fast , .

H ap p ily be ar m e to t he g o al o f t h is m y sacr ifi ce .

A l l hail !
3 Th o u art t h e B u ll th e T rish tu p s l o rd : I h o l d t h e e
,
’

fast H ap p ily b ear m e t o t h e g o al o f t h i s m y

.

sac r ifi ce A l l hail ! .

A n o n m et rical
-
hy m n o f sacr ifi cial fo rm u l as used at t he t h ree dai l y
l ib at io ns or So m a p ressin gs
-
.

l T he H aw k t h is v erse is addresse d at th e m o rn in g l ib at io n t o
A gn i w ho fro m h is rap id m o t io n in h is fo rm of l igh t n in g is cal l e d the
h aw k : cf
I hav e b ego t t en t h is n e w hy m n fo r A gn i, fal co n o f t h e
.
‘

sk y ( R ig ved a V I I 1 5 I n t h e m yt h o f t h e rap e ) f t h e cel est ial

’
. .

So m a b y t h e fal co n — o n e o f t h e favo u r it e su b ects o f t h e V e dic p oe ts j

d l 8 0 2 ; 93 6 ; I I I 4 3 7 ; I V 26 4— 7 ; 27 3, 4 ; I X
( see Rg
i ve a . . . . . . . . .

7 2 —
3) t h e
. fal co n re p rese n t s A gn i w h o in t h e fo rm l igh t n in g p e n e
of

t rates t h e l aden t h u n der-c l o u ds an d carries o ff t h e ir h e av en l

y t reas u re ,

t h e am b rosial , l i fe g iv in g rai n Gdyatr i s l or d : A gn i b e in g ide n t ifi ed

’
-
.

w it h t h e Gay a t ri m et re in w h ich hi s
p raises are su n g , an d w h i ch is t h e

p ro m in en t m et re in in vo cati ons add ressed t o h im at th e m o rn in g

l ib at io n .

2 T he {ti bhu the rep resen tat ive of t h e t hr ee Bi b h us ( see V I 47

. .

t o w h o m t h is v e rse is ad dressed at t h e ev en ing l ib at io n . J agati

th is b ein g t h e ch ief m et re em l
p yo ed at th e e ven i n g l ib at io n .

3 T he Bu l l t h e M igh ty On e, I n dra, t o w h o m t h e v erse is ad dress

ed the
at id d ay l ib at io n
m Cf T h i n e, on l t h i n e, is t h e n oo n day
- . .
y
li b at ion ( Big veda I V 35 7
’
. .

T h e hy m n h as b een t ho ro u ghl y d iscu ssed b y Pro f Bl oo m fi el d in h is .

art icl e e n t it l ed T h e M y t h o f S o m a an d t h e Ea g l e,
i n t h e F est gr ii ss

an R u d o l p h v on R o t h zu m D o k to r Ju b il h u m , 24 A u g ust , 1 8 9 3 -
.
 [ B one 111 .

H Y M N X LI X .

O A om in th y b o dy m
, an hat h n e ver fo u n d a w o un de d
art
p .

T h e A p e d e v o u rs t h e arr o w s sh aft as a co w eats

’
h er
’

bi rth
aft e r .

2 Th o u li ke a fle ece eo n tracte st and e x p an de st t h e e

«
.

w h at t i m e t h e u pp er st o n e a n d t hat b e l o w d e vo u r s
.

Cl o se ly co m p re ssi n g h e ad w i th h ead an d b re ast w i t h

b re ast he cru n ch es u p th e t en dril s w i th h is ye l l o w
.
.

j a w s .

3 T h e E agl e s h av e se n t fo r th t h e i r v o i ce al o u d t o
h e av e n : i n t h e sk v au l t t h e dark i m pet uo us
’

y s

h av e dan ce d
o n es .

W h en t h ey c o m e do w n w ard to r e p ai r t h e l o w e r sto ne ,
t h e y , d we ll ers w i t h t h e S u n, h ave g ai n e d ab u n dan t
se e d .

YM N L H .

c ut o fl
‘

D EST R OY t he rat th e m o l e t h e b o r i n g b ee tl e
, , ,

t h e i r heads a n d c ru sh th e i r r ibs 0 A sv i ns , .

A h ym n in h on o u r of A gn i .

l T he Ap k a i d e r b ra
‘
u n e t h e b ro w n — L d
’
w i T h a w
’
e p h , u g e r r o s .

shaf t : t h e read o f w h ich t h e ar ro w is m ade T he re seem s t o b e a .

l
p y a o n t h e w o rd tefj a n a m w h ic h m e a n s b o t h infl a m m a t io n a n d re e d .

A s t h e m o n k ey i s n o t i n u r e d b y t hje r ee d o r
p os si b l e a rro w - sh aft

w h ich h e ch ew s, so n i m b l e fi re o n l y ab sorb s addit i on al h eat A cco rding .

t o an I n d ian l exi cograp h er k ap i h is a n am e o f t h e S un .

2 T he up p er s t o ne u tt ar a d rd — d r u t — Wh itn ey s I n dex) T he
’
.

r ead in g app ears t o b e co rru p t .

3 T he E ag l es t h e stan za is tak en , w it h varian t s, fro m Rigveda X .

9 4 5 w h ere th e E agl es a re t h e rap idl y m o v ing st o n es w h ich p ress o u t

.
-

j
t h e So m a u ice
- T h e m ean i ng here m ay perh aps b e : T he m igh ty,
.

ro arin g flam es o f A gn i r ise o n h ig h, dark cl o u ds g at h er an d are to ssed

ab o u t i n t h e u p p er ai r, an d fi n al l y d escen d i n t h e shap e o f fe rt il izin g
‘

rain . T he l o wer ston e pe rh ap s t h e eart h T h e st an za i s very ob scu re . .

T h e hym n has b een t ransl at ed b y L u dwig , Der R i g veda, I I I p 432 . . .

A ch arm for t h e dest ru ct io n o f v erm in .

1 T he bor i n g beetl e tar dci m ( fro m t rid, t o cu t t h ro ugh , o r b o re)

b o rer , ge t reide w u rm l : L u d w ig A cco rd in g to t h e S t Pet ersb u rg
’ ’
-
. .

Dict io nary so m e b ird (o f Lat in t u rd u s, a t h rush ) is m ean t

. .
 T HE H YM N S or [ BOOK VI

2 T h e k i n e h ad se t t l e d i n t h e i r p e n , w il d an i m al s h ad
so u h t t h e i r l ai r s
g
T h e w av e l e ts o f t h e b ro o k s h ad passe d aw ay , an d
w er ebe h e l d n o m o r e .

3 I hav e b ro u g h t Kauva s fam o u s Pl an t li fe g i v i ng ’

,
-
,

an d i t se l f i n s i r e d
p ,

T h e m e di c i n e t h at h e al e th al l : m ay it su p p re ss m y
h i dde n fo e s .

HYMN LIII .

M A Y H eave n an d E ar t h W i se pai r m ay l o fty S u k ra , ,

r an t m e t h i s t h i n b r e aso n o f t h e d
g g y g u e r o n .

M ay A g n i S o m a m ark t h r o u g h t hi s li bat io n : m ay
,

va y u S av i t ar an d B h a a
, g g, u ard u s

2 A gai n re t u r n to u s o u r b re at h an d sp i r i t ag ai n co m e ,

b ack t o u s o u r li fe an d v i si o n !
V ais van ar a u n scat h e d o u r b o d i e s g u ard i an stan d
’

, , ,

b e t w ee n u s an d e v e ry w o e an d dan g e r !
3 W e are agai n u n i t e d w i th o u r bo di e s w i t h h ap p y ,

m i n d w i t h S p i r i t st re n g t h an d sp l e n d o u r
, , , .

M ay T vash tar h e re m ak e ro o m fo r u s, an d fr ee d o m ,

an d sm o o t h w hat e
’
er is i nj u re d i n o ur bo di e s .

2 T he stan za is tak en , w it h variat io n s, fro m st an za 4 of t he sam e

h ym n, t he
Rgi veda read in
g b e in g ke td vo j d n d nd m , t h e l ig h t s o f m en ,

i n stead o f ar m dyo n ad i u am , t h e w av el et s of t h e b ro o k s T h e po e t
'
.

m ean s t hat h e has b ee n b it t en o r st u n g b y so m e v en o m o u s creat u re

s in ce su nse t , an d t hat no w w it h t h e h el p o f t h e risin g su n an d a m ag i

cal p l an t he w ill dest ro y t h e u n seen en em ies w h o att ack e d h im .

3 Kanva h as b ee n m en t io n ed b ef o re ( I I 32 . . t o ge th e r w it h A t ri,
A gast ya, an d Jam ad agn i , as a cel eb rat ed R ish i regarded as a m aster

o f m ag ic ar t s .

A p rayer fo r reco very an d p reser vat io n o f h eal th an d security .

1 Sal em t h e b r igh t an d p ure ; So m a Guer d on th e h o n o rari um .

iv e n t o t h e o ffi ciat i n g i t
g p r es s .

T h e hym n has b een t ran sl ated b y Lu dwig, Der R igveda, II I p 506 . . .

H YM N T H E A M A R V A V E DA -
. 27 5

H YM N L I V .

I WI N t h e l o v e of I n dra t hat h is fr i e n d m ay r each ye t

h i gh e r st at e .

t h e g rass, t hi s an d
’
I n c re ase , as r a n i m an s do m i n io n
h is l o ft y fam e .

2 C o n fi r m t h e p r i nc e ly p o w e r in h im , A g n i an d S o m a !
ran t h i m w e al t h
g .

I n al l t he c i rc u i t o f h is r u l e m ak e h i m ye t h i g her fo r
fri e n d
yo u r .

3 T he m an w h o sh o w s u s e n m ity , w h e th er a stran ge r
o r ak i n ,

T ho u w il t g i v e u p e n t rei to m e w h o sacr i fi ce an d
re ss t h e j u i c e
p .

H YM N LV .

Or al l the y G o d fre q u e n t ed pat h w ays t hat

m an -

t r a e rs e r e al m s b e t w e e n t h e e ar t h an d h e av e n
v
,

C o n sig n m e al l y e G o ds t o t h at w h i ch l eadet h to
, ,

e r fe c t an d i n v i o l abl e safe ty
p .

2 M ai n tai n u s i n w e ll b e i n g S u m m er W i n t er D e w
-
, ,

t i m e an d S p r i n g A u t u m n an d R ai n y S e aso n
, , , .

Gi v e u s o u r sh are o f cat t l e an d o f c hildre n M ay w e .

e nj o y y o u r u n assai l e d ro t ec t i o n
p .

3 P a t o t h e Y e ar y o u r l o fty ado rat i o n to th e fi rst

{
,

c an th e se c o n d , an d t h e p rese n t .

i n t h e au sp i ci o u s fav o u r
.

M ay w e ab id e an d g rac o us i
lo ve o f t h ese w h o c l ai m o u r w o r sh i
p .

A b en ed ict io n o n a n e w l y e l ect ed King .

1 I n cr ease : I n d ra is ad d ressed .

r ien d fo r I n dra s sak e

’
2 F or yo ur f .

A p raye r fo r gen eral p ro t ect io n an d p rosp er ity .

2 Dew ti m e ai sl e ah ; t h e coo l seaso n o r fi rst spring, com pri sing t he

- -

m on ths M i gha a n d Phfil gu n a, fro m t h e m iddl e o f an u ary to t h e J

m i dd l e o f M arch .

3 T he fi r st Year , the second , an d the p resen t m ak in g u p t h e cycl e o f

t h ree l un ar y ears at t h e e n d o f w h ich an in t ercal ary m on th was
added See
. Z
i m m er, A l tin disch es Leb e n, p 37 0 . .

T h e hym n has b een tran sl awd by Ludw ig, Der R igveda, III p 21 8 . . .
 H Y M N LV I .

L ET n ot t he ser p en t s lay u s, 0 Go ds, w i th o u r ch il d

r e n an d o u r fo l k .

L et i t n o t c l o se t h e o p en ed m o u th n o r c p e n th at
.

w h i c h n o w is cl o se d .

2 B e w o rsh i p p ai d u n t o t h e bl ack , w o rsh i p t o t h at

i
w t h st r i p es acro ss !
T o the b ro w n vi p er r e vere n ce , re v ere n ce to t h e d e m on

bro o d
3 I cl o se :to ge th er fan g s w th i fan g , I cl ose t o ge t h e r
j aw s w i t h j aw .

I cl o set o get he r t o n gu e w it h t o n g u e , I cl ose t o get h er

m o u th w it h m o u t h .

H Y M N LV II .

T am a
s a m ed i ci n e d d i i h
’
i n deed , R u r a s o w n m e i c n e s t i s,

Wh e re w it h h e w ar n s t h e arr o w o ff, o n e shaft ed , -

w it h a h u n d r e d t i p s .

2 B esp r i n k l e i t w i th an o dy n e , b ede w i t w i t h r el e v ni i g
b al n r :
St ro n g , so o t h n g i is t h e m e d ci n e : i bl ess u s t h er ew i th
:t h at we m a
y l i ve .

3 L et i t b e h ealt h an d j o
y t o us . L et n o t h n g v ex o r
i
.i nj u ne
«
us .

Do w n w i th th e w o u n d ! L et al l to us be bal m , th e
w h ol e .

be :m ed c ne
i i .

2 T he black : A sit a Wi th strip es acr oss : T i raqch irt j r Sec I II 27 2

. .
.
. .

Vip er S vaja ; m ean in g acco rd in g t o an I n di an C om m e n t ator sel f

p ro d uce d p e rh ap s La t in v i i i ip a a d u ci ng i ts u
d
p e rs, e v v r , re y o n g. .

ali ve, o r fro m t he roo t w aj , to t w ist o r cl in g ro u n .

T h e h ym n has b een t ra nsl at ed b y Lu dw ig , Der R igv eda, I II p 502, .

.
.

and , wi th an n otati o ns, b y Gr ill , H u nde rt Lieder, pp 5, 1 62 . .

'

A charm for a w ou n d or b r uise .

l R u dr a e o wn m ed ici ne : R u dra b ei ng th e h eal e r wel l

'
f
.
as as th e
i nfl ict er o f w o u n ds an d d iseases See I 1 9 3 . . . .

Dow n
'

3 wi th the aro u nd I so (B g
i ved a V I I I . 20 26) C ast , M aru t s !
.

t o th e g ro u n d c u r
’
rep l ace the disl ocat ed l im b
’
sick m an s m al ad
y :
-
.
 TH E n e ws or [ B OOK VI .

H Y M N LX .

W IT H fo re l o ck l o o se n ed o e r h is b ro w h ere co m es th e
’

w o o e r o f t h e b ri de ,
S e ek i ng a h u sban d fo r th i s m ai d, a w i fe fo r t h is
u n m arr i e d m an .

2 W o o e r ! t h i s g i rl h ath to il ed in i
va n ,
g i
o ng to o t h e rs
’

m arr i ag e s .

ow to h e r w eddi n g , v er ily ,
w o o er ! ano th e r m a d i
sha ll co m e .

3 B hatar u ph o l ds th e sp ac io u s eart h , u pho lds th e sky ,

lds t h e S u n
u ph o .

Dh Atar b esto w u p o n t h i s m aid a h u sban d su i ted to

h er w i sh
H Y M N LXI .

T H E Wat ers sen d m e w h at i s sw ee t an d p l easan t ,

Sfi ra bri n g al l I n e e d fo r lig h t an d vi si o n
T h e de i ti e s and al l o f p i o u s n at u re and Sav i tar t he
, ,

G od afi o rd free do m l
'

m e

2 I se t t h e h eav e n an d t h e ear th asu n de r , I b ro u gh t

b e i ng
all se v e n se aso n s n t o i .

M y w o rd is t r u th w h at I de n y is fal seh o od , , b
a o ve
ce l est i al v ar ab o v e t h e n at i o ns , .

T he j
su b ect o f hy m n is t h e Wooing o f a Bride
th e .

I T he wooer ar yam d ; t h e in t erced er o r m at ch m ak er w h ose b u si

'
-

u ses is t o fi n d a su it ab l e w i fe fo r h is frien d o r em p l o er Sec I I 36 l

y . . . .

3 t tar h ere regard ed as t h e Up h o l de r o f t he sacram en t o f

m arriage Sec II 36 2
. . . .

T h e h ym n has b een t ran sl at ed an d an n o t at ed b y Web e r, I n disch e

S ud
t i V 2 36— 2 38 a d b G i l l H d t L i d 56 1 64
e n , .
pp .
, n
y r , u n e r e e r, pp ,
. .

Zim m er al so has t ran sl at ed i t in A l t in disch es Leb en , p 306 .

A p rayer fo r p rosper ity an d g reat n ess .

1 F r eed o m w as/m s l it e rall y , exp an si o n , am p l i t u de , am p l e roo m .

2 T h is an d t h e fo l l o wi ng stan za m u st b e t ak en to sign ify hy pe rb o l i

cal l y t h e p ossession o f i n fi n ite p o w e r Seven seaso n s t h e six p airs o f .

m o n t h s an d t h e t h ir teen th o r in t e rcal ar m n th Si as onl

y o x se o n s y .

are k no w n b n am e : see V I 55, 2

y . .
H YM N T H E A T H A R V A VE DA -
. 27 9

3 I gav e e x ste n ce t o i th e ear th an d h e av e n , I m ade

t he seaso n s an d t he se v e n r ve rs i .

My w o r d is t ru t h , w h at I de n y is fal seh o o d , I w ho
j i i n A g n i s, S o m fr i e n dsh i p
’ ’
r e o ce as .

Y M N LXI I H .

C L EA NS E u s V ais van ar a w i t h ray s o f sp l e n d o u r !

W it h b reat h and cl o u ds l e t q u i ck e n i ng V ay u
cl ean se u s ,

A n d r i ch i n
,
m il k y r ai n , l e t E art h an d H eav e n ,
w o rsh i p fu l , h o ly c l ean se, u s w i t h th e i r w at e r .

ho ld o n S fi n rit a w h o se fo r m s an d re g i o n s h av e
r sm o o t h b ac k s h e r w h o is all m e n s t r easu r e
’
.
,

T h ro u g h h e r m ay w e , in sacr ifi cial ban q u e t s si n gi n g

h e r g l o ry , b e t he l o rds o f r i c hes .

3 For l e n do u r se ize o n h e r w h o m all m e n w o rsh i

p s , p ,

b e co m i n g p u re y o u rse l v e s an d b rig h t an d br illian t , , .

H e re t h r o u g h o u r p raye r r ej o i ci n g i n t h e ban q u e t
, , ,

l o n g m ay w e l o o k u p o n t h e S u n asce n d i ng .

H Y M N LXII I .

TH A T co l lar ro u n d th y n e ck n o t to b e l o o sen ed , ,

w h i c h N i rri t i t h e G o dde ss b o u n d an d fast e n ed ,

I l o o se fo r t h y l o n g li fe an d st re n g th an d v igo u r .

E at li b e rat e d fo o d t hat b r i n gs n o so rr o w
, , .

2 T o t h ee shar p p o i n t e d N ir rit i b e h o m age ! Lo o se

,
-
,

t h e n t h e bi nd i n g fe t te r s w r o u gh t o f i r o n .

T o m e i n t r u t h agai n do t h Yam a g i ve t h ee T o h im
, . .
,

t o Y am a y e s t o D e at h b e h o m age
, , ,

A p rayer fo r p u rifi cat io n an d r ich es .

2 Sti n gf at E xcel l e n ce, Pl easan t n ess, Gl ad n ess, o r Gl o ry, p erso n ifi ed

-
.

T h e et ym o l ogy an d t h e exact m ean in g are u n certai n H ere, i n co n .

n e xio n w it h A g n i an d V fiyu, t h e m ean in g Daw n ( se e M M u l l er, .

V e dic H y m n s, I p 4 4 6) w o u ld b e su itab l e
. . .

T he su b j ect is t h e b o l ical l ib e rat ion o f a vict im fro m t h e sacri

sy m

fi e ial stak e re p rese n t i n g t h e reco ve ry o f a sick m an fro m a dan gero u s

il l n ess
.
280 TH E 3 m m or [ BO O K V 1 .

3 C o m p asse d by deat h w h i ch c o m es in th o u san d

m an n e r s, h e r e ar t t h o u fast e n ed t o t h e ir o n p ill ar .

U n an i m o u s w i th Yam a an d t h e F at hers, m ak e th i s
m an r i se an d re ac h t he l o ft i est h eave n .

Th o u i gh ty A g n i goo d an d tr u e gath erest u p al l

, m , ,

re c i o u s t h i n gs
p .

B ri ng u s al l t reasures as t h o u art e n k i n dl ed at liba

’
t i o n s p lace .

H Y M N L XI V .

A G RE E an d b e u n i ted : l et y o u r m i n ds b e al l o f o n e
acc o rd ,

E ve n as t he G o ds o f an c e n ti day s, i
u nan m o u s, aw a it
t he ir sh ar e .

2 T h e r ede is co m m o n , co m m o n th e asse m bly , co m m o n

t he l aw , so b e t h e i r t h o u gh ts u n i t e d .

I o ffe r u p
g yo u r e n e ra l o blat i o n to g e th er e n te rt a n i
o n e co m m o n p u r p o se .

3 O n e an d t h e sam e be yo ur reso v e , l be al l y o u r h earts

i n h arm o n y
On e and the sam e be al l yo u r m i n ds t h at al l m ay
h ap p ily co n se n t .

3 L of ti est heaven t h e su m m it of hum an fe l icit y . See I 9 2

. . .

4 T h e st an za is tak en fro m R ig ved a X . 1 91 1 . . A t Ii bati on s p l ace

’

i n t h e san ct u ary w here l ib at io n s are o fi e red

‘

T h e hym n has b een t ransl ated by Lu dw ig , Der R igv eda, I II p 4 33 . . .

A h ym n to p ro m ot e A greem en t o r Un an im it y i n an assem b l y .

1 A gr ee an d be un i ted t h e Big ved a has A ssem b l e, speak to get h er

- ’
.

2 C om m on the assem bl y t h is sdm ati s app ears t o h ave b een a gen e ral
'

asse m b l y o f t h e p eo p l e o n so m e im p o rt an t occasio n , su ch as t h e el ec

t io n of a k in g .

T h e hym n , w hi ch is taken , w i th v arian t s, fro m R igv eda 191 X . .

2— 4 ; has b e en t ransl at ed , w it h n o tes, b y Gril l , H u n dert L ieder, p p

'

30, 1 64, an d b y L u d g, De r R ig v ed a, 1 1 1 p 37
w i " . .
232 m s H YM N S or [ BOOK VI .

HY M N LX V II .

I NDR A
'

an d Push an h av e g o n e fo r th l
a o ng th e w ay s
on e v e ry si de .

T o day th o se hosts o f e ne m i es m u st fl e e bew il de r ed

-

far aw ay .

2 Y e fo es, co m e h i th e rw ard di sm aye d l i k e se r p en ts

w hen t h e ir h eads are g o n e .

L e t I n dra sl ay eac h b ravest o ne o f y o u w h o m A g n i

h at h co n fu se d .

3 Gi rd t h o u a b u ll o ck s h i de o n t h e se m ak e t h o se as
’
,

t i m i d as t h e de e r .

L e t t h e fo e fi e e aw ay , an d l e t h is k i ne co m e h i th er
w ar d to u s .

H YM N LX V III .

S sv rrsn h ath co m e h i t h e r w i th
t h e raz o r : co m e
t ho u O V a ,
y u w i t h t he he at ed w at er
, .

O n e m i n de d l e t A di tyas R u dras V asas m o i ste n t h e

-
, ,

h ai r : sh av e , y e w ho k no w Ki n g So m a .

2 L e t A d i t i sh ave t he b e ard an d l e t t h e W at e rs b at h e
it w i t h t h e i r st re ng t h
P raj ap at i r e st o re h is h e al th fo r sig h t and day s o f
le ngt he n e d li fe !
3 T he by Sav i tar , fo r sh avi ng , w h o k n o w e t h
raz o r u sed

V ar u na an d r o yal S o m a ,

E v e n w i t h t h i s sh ave y e t h i s m an , 0 B rahm an .

L et h i m b e r i ch i n h o rse s, k i n e , an d c hil d re n .

A fo r t h e dest ru ct io n an d p l u n der o f en em ies

ch ar m .

3 Gi r d thou a bu tto ck s k ids o n the se m ak e o u r m en in v u l n erab l e .

T ransl ated b y Lu d wig, De r R igv eda, I l l p 37 2 . . .

A charm t o accom pan y t h e sh avin g o f t h e h eard .

1 T he fo rm al shay m g m ay b e part o f t h e Go d i n av idh i, t h e cerem o n y

o f an o in t in g part o f t h e h ead o f a yo u t h w h e n h e h as at t ai n ed t h e ag e
o f sixt een o r e igh t ee n years ( see II 1 3) o r it m ay b e co n n ected w it h
.

t h e Dik sh i , t h e re l ig io u s ce re m o n y o f in it iat io n o r Co n fi rm ati o n In .

th is case t h e o pe rat io n ap pears to b e p e rfo rm ed o n a sic k m an (stan za

2) to expedi t e h is resto rat io n t o h eal t h .

T ran sl ated by Lu dw ig, Der R igv eda, II I p 4 30 . . .

H YM N T H E A T H A R V A V E DA -
. 283

HY M N LXIX .

Mm b e th e g l
, o ry in t h e h ill
,
i n ca ttilne , an d
val e s
i n go l d,
M i n e b e t h e sw ee t n ess th at is fo u nd in n e ctar and i n
fl o w i ng w i n e !
2 W i th yo u r de li ci o u s h o n ey bal m m e , A sv i n s, Lo rds
o f s l e n did li g h t !

That 0 ear an d reso n an t m ay b e t h e v o i ce I u tte r to

m an k i n d .

3 In m e be st r e n th
g , i n m e b e fam e , i n m e th e p o w e r
o f sac r
ifi ce
P raj ap at i e stabli sh th i s i n m e as fi rm as li ght in
h eave n !
Y M N LXX H .

A s w i n e asso c i at e s w i t h fi e sh , as di ce att e n d t h e

g am i n
g b o ar d -
,
’
A s an e n am o u re d m an s desi re 18 fi r m ly se t u p o n a
dam e ,
S o l e t t h y h e ar t an d so u l , 0 C o w be ,
fi r m ly set upon
t h y cal f .

2 A s th e p l
m a e e e h an t l p u rsu e s i
w t h eage r st o p h is
’
fe m al e s t r ac k ,
’
A s an e n am o u r e d m an s desi re is fi r m ly se t a
u
p on

d am e ,
S o l e t t h y he ar t an d so u l , 0 C o w , b e fi rm ly se t u o n
p
t h y cal f .

3 Clo se as t h e fe lly and t h e sp o k e , fi xt as t he w h e e l -r i m

on th e n ave ,

A s an e n am o u re d m an s desi r e is fi r m ly
’
se t a
u
p on
dam e ,
S o l e t t h y h e ar t an d so u l , 0 C o w , be fi rm ly set _u
p o n
thy c al f .

A p riest
’
s a
p y
r er fo r po w er and gl o ry .

A b en ed ict io n o n co w an d cal f .

T ran sl at ed an d an no tat ed b y Gril l , H un dert Lieder, pp 66, 1 65 . .

284 m y 3m m .
or ( 3 0 01: V I .

HY M N LXX I .

WH AT fo o d I eat o f v arie d fo rm and n atu re , fo o d

.

w h e th e r g o l d , o r ho rse , sh e e p , go at o r b u ll oc k , .

W hat e ver g i ft I h ave re ce iv ed, m ay A g n the H o tar

i

m ak e i t sacr ifi c e w e ll o ffe re d -
.

2 W h at e ver, sac r i fi ced or n o t , h at h reac hed m e ,

be sto w ed by m e n an d san c t i o n ed by t h e F ath e rs,
W h ere by m y h e art se e m s to l eap u p , m ay A gni t he
H o tar m ak e t h at sacrifi ce w e ll o ffe re d - .

3 W hat fo o d I e at u nj u st ly , Go ds ! o r, do u bt fu l b etw een

best o w i ng an d re fu si n g , sw al l o w ,
T h ro ug h g reatn ess o f V aigvfi nara t h e m ight y m ay
t h at sam e fo o d b e sw e e t t o m e an d b l esséd !

HY M N L XXI I .

S ins A
. rrnnn l x .

Y M N LXXI I I
H .

Ln V a ru na co m e h i t h e r S o m a A g n i B ri h aspat i
, , ,

co m e h i t h e r w i t h t h e V asu s !

U nan i m o u s y e k i n sm en co m e u n i te d co m e t o t h e
, , ,

l o ry o f th i s m i h t y u ar di an
g g g .

2 T he i ncli n at i o n w h i ch yo u r h e arts have h ar b o u red ,

t h e p u rp o se w h i ch h at h o cc u p i ed y o u r sp ir i t s ,

Th i s I an n u l w i th sacrifice an d b u tt e r I n m e b e .

y o u r swee t res ti ng p lace O k i n sm e n

-
,
.

3 Stan d e ven h e re : fo rsak e m e n o t Be fo re us . m ay

P ushan m ak e y o u r p at h u n fi t t o t rav e l .

V AS t o sh p at i i nc e ssan t ly re call y o u ! I n m e b e yo ur
sw e e t re st i n l ac e , O k i n sm e n
g p
-

A p riest s b en ed ict io n aft e r eat in g

’
.

1 M ake i t sacr ifice m ak e it b en efi t m es s a du l y p erfo rm ed sacri

fi ce w o u l d do .

A charm p ro n o rm ced by a Kin g t o confi rm t he fi del ity of discon

t e n ted k in sm en .

1 T his m igh ty gu ar di an m ean in g h im sel f .

2 T he i n cli nati on t o dese rt m e .

3 Vastoshp ati Lo rd of th e H o m e . So m et im es a n am e of I ndra .

286 r ue n n ws or [ BOOK n .

B ey o n d th e t h re e sk es i l e t h i m go , w h e n ce h e sh all
n e ve r co m e a
g a n i
In al l t he y e ars t hat are t o b e , l o ng as t he S u n is i n
t h e h e ave n .

H YMN LXXV I .

T n o ss w ho are si t t i n g r o u n d th is bab e p repare hi m

t o be lo o k e d u p o n .

L e t A g n i t ho ro u g h l y i n flam ed w i t h all h is t o ng u es
r i se fr o m h is h ear t .

2 For l e n gt h o f li fe I u se th e n am e o f A g n i t he
C o n su m i n g Go d ,

W h o se sm o k e t he sag e w h o k n o w s t he t r u t h beh o l ds
p ro c e e d n i g f ro m h is m o u th .

3 T he m an w h o k n o w s h is fu e l l ai d in o rder by
the Ksh at riya
S e ts no t h is fo o t u
p o n th e s eept decli vi ty t h at
l eads to D eath .

4 T h o se w h o e n co m p ass s a l y hi m i
r ot : h e go es no t n e ar
h is l u r k i n g fo e s
T h e K sh at r iya w h o , k n o w i ng we ll , t ak es A g
n am e fo r l e n t h o f li fe
g .

HYMN L XXV II .

F rau st an dsth e h eav e n , fi rm stan ds t he earth, fi r m

stan ds t h i s u n i v e r sal w o r l d ,

Fi r m st an d t h e ro o ted m o u ntai ns I h av e p u t th e .

h o rse s i n t h e stall .

A b en ediction p ro n ou n ced o ver a n o w - b o rn chil d o f the Kshat riya

o r m il i t ary an d ro yal cl ass .

T ran sl ate d b y Lu dw ig, Der R ig veda, I II p 4 59 . . .

A char m t o b ring t h e catt l e h om e .

1 H ave p ut : ati shthip am from sthd, t o stan d : li t eral l y, have

caused to stand .
H YM N T H E A T H A R V A V E DA -
. 28 7

2 I ca ll t h e H e r dsm an h im ,
who k n o w s th e w ay t o
d ri v e t h e c at t l e fo r t h ,

W ho k n o w s t h e w ay to d ri v e th e m h o m e, t o dr i v e
t h e m back an d dr i v e t h e m i n .

3 O J htav edas t u rn , th e m back a h u n d re d h o m e w ard

w ay s b e t h i n e !
T h o u h ast a t h o u san d av e n u es by t h e se r esto re o u r

k i n e to u s .

H Y M N LX XV I II .

L sr th i s m an b e agai n be de w e d w i th th i s p r ese n t e d
sacr ifi ce ,

A nd co m fo r t i
w th t h e sa
p of li fe th e b r i de w hom
t h e y h av e b ro u g h t t o hi m .

2 W i th li fe s sap l e t h im co m fo rt h e r an d rai se h e r hi g h
’

w i t h p ri n c e l y s w ay .

I n w ealt h th at b at h a t h o usan d p o w e rs t h i s p ai r b e ,

i n e x hau st i b l e
3 T v ash ar
t fo r m e d h e r t o b e th y dam e, T vash ar m ad e
t
t h e e t o b e h e r l o rd .

L o ng li fe l e t T vash tar g i ve y o u bo t h . L et T vash t ar

g i ve a t h o usan d li ve s .

2 T he H er d sm an A gn i . T he st an za is tak en , w it h variat io ns,

fro m Rg
i v ed a X . 19 4
. .

T ran sl at ed b y Lu d w ig, Der R igv ed a, I I I p 4 68 . . .

A n u p t ial b en ed ict ion .

1 B e agai n bedew ed refresh e d an d m ade st ro n ger t h an b e fore Wi th .

th i s p r esen ted sacr ifi ce o r, w it h t his o b l at io n for su ccess M it diese m .

b h fi t am h avih — Lu dw ig Du rch d iese k ri ft ge Darb r in g ung , thro u g h

’ ’ ’
. .

t his p o w erf ul o fi e rin g — We b e r See Gril l s n o te

' ’
. . .

3 T e ashtar w h o de vel o p s t h e em b ryo, sh ap es all form s, an d creat es

h usb an d an d w ife fo r each o t h er .

T ransl ate d b y Web er, I n d isch e St u d ien, V p 238, b y Lu dwig, Der . .

R ig veda, I II p 37 1 , an d b y Gril l , H un dert Lieder, pp 57, 1 66

. . . .
ass m m s u ms o r a
[ s o r rr .

H
YM N LXXIX . .

M A Y th i s o u r Lo rd o f Cl ou dy Sk y b e de w e d w i th ,

li q u i d dr o p s p r eser ve u n e q u al l ed r i ch es i n o u r h o m es
'

. .

2 Lo rd o f t h e C l o u dy S ky b esto w v igo u r an d st r e ng th ,

o n o u r ab o d es L e t w e al t h an d t r e asu r e co m e to us
.
.

3 Th o u G o d bede w ed w i t h drO p s art L or d o f i n fi n i te

, ,

r o s er it y
p p .

G rant u s t h e re o f g i ve u s th e reo f : m ay w e e nj o y
,

t h i s bo o n o f t h i n e .

H Y MN LXXX .

H E fi ie th i n th e fi r m am e n t o bser vi ng al l t he t h i n gs
t h at b e
W e w i th t h i s o ffe r n i g w il l ador e t h e g r eat ne ss o f th e
H e av e n ly H o un d .

2 T h e t h r ee , t he Ka l ak anj as, se t al o ft in h eave n as

t h ey w e re G o ds
A l l t h ese I call t o b e o ur h el p an d k ee p th i s m an
‘

se c u re fro m h ar m .

3 I n w at er s is t h y bi rt h , i n h e ave n t hy stat i o n , th y
m a est y o n e art h an d i n t h e o c e an
j .

W e w i t h th i s o ffe r i ng w ill ado re t h e great ness o f t he

‘

H e ave n ly R oun d

1 L or d of C l ou dy Sky P ar an
y a, God o f t h e rai nj- l
c o u d,

favo ur t h e gro w t h o f grass an d grain dep en ds See I 2 l

‘ . . . .

A p rayer fo r h el p an d p ro t ect io n .

1 T h e H ea ven l y H o u n d so m e co n sp icu o u s s t ar , p erh ap s t h e D og -star

,

Siri us, w hich w as cal l ed d u v b y t h e Greek s an d C an is or Can icul a by

‘

t he Lat in s, b o t h w o r ds b e in g cl ose l y co n nected w i t h t h e San sk rit M n .

2 Kalahari“ m ean in g o rigin al l y, b l ack sp o t ted ; stars o f som e-

un i den t ifi ab l e co nst el l at io n .

3 T hy bi r th : t h e o rigin o f t h e H eaven l y H oun d So w it h t h e .

k S i i w id h b t h d f t h t h t O i
‘

G r ee s r us a s sa t o a ve ee n e o g o e g rea u n er r on,

an d t h e Lat in C an is o r C anic ul a w as t h e dog of Erigone tr ansl at ed

w it h it s m ist ress to t h e sk y .

T ransl ate d b y Lu d wig, Der R ig veda, I II p 37 3 . . .

.
290 T H E H YM N S or [ s o ar n .

3 G reat , , i sI n dra
t h at h o o k of th i n e , b esto w i ng
t reasu re , w r o u g h t o f old

T h e re w i t h, O L o rd o f ig h t, besto w a w i fe on m e
w h o l o n g to w e d .

H YM N LXXX II I .

H alve s, S o res and P ust u l e s fly aw ay , e ve n as t he

e ag e l fro m h is h o m e .

L e t S ti rya br i n g a re m ed y , t he M o o n sh n e
i fo r t h
an d ban i sh y o u .

2 O ne br ig h t w th i v ar e i gat e d t n t s, i o ne w h te , i o ne
black , a co n lo red

T he n am e s 0 al l h ave I decl are d . B e go n e , an d

i nj u re n o t o u r m en .

3 H e n ce , ll t he P u stu l e fle e grand
ch il dl ess , sh a ,
~

dau ghte r o f th e du sk y o n e .

T h e B o i l sh al l fly aw ay fro m us t h e m o rb id g ro w th ,

sh all van i sh h e n c e .

Taste hap p y i n t hy m i n d t h i n e o w n o b l at io n as
, , ,

I wi th S vahaw i t h m y h eart pre se n t i t .

3 T hat hook : of Lon g b e t h y graspin g h oo k w h e re w it h t h o u

.
‘ -

g iv e st am p l e w eal t h t o h im W h o sh e ds t h e u ice an d w o rsh i s t h ee

p
’
j
R ig veda V I I I I7 t he exp ressio n b e in g b o r ro w ed f ro m t he
( . .

em l
p yo m hoo k to d raw do w n t h e h igh b ran ch es o f a fru it tree
en t o f a
-
.

T ransl ated b y Lu d w ig, Dc r R ig veda, I II 4 7 0, an d w i t h n o te s, b y .

Web e r, I n dische Studien, V p 239 24 1, and Gril l , H u ndert Liede r,

— . .

pp 57 , 1
. 67 .

A charm against so res an d p u st ul es .

1 H ence, So r es an d P u stu l e: dp aoh i tas ; see V I 25 l

. . .

3 Bo i l : g l azih; e xp l ain ed in t he St . Pe te rsb u rg Dict io n ary as a

ro un d l um p , a w en l ik e e xcresce n ce
-
( h p e r ap s re l at ed t o g l o be : an d

M o r bid r o w th l d h an u n k no wn wo rd , n o t e xp l ain ed
g l o m m )
.
g ga u n t ;
in t h e S t Pe te rsb u rg Dic tio n ary , m
. ean i n g, ap p are n t l y, a t u m o u r o f

so m e k in d . T hi ne o wn abl ati on o ffere d fo r t he e xp ress r ose of

p p
u

rem o vi n g t h ee . Se dha t h e e xcl am at io n , A l l hai l

T ran sl ated b y Lu dwig, Der R ig veda, I l l p 500 . . .
2 m m w e A T H A R V A - VE
DA . 291

YM N LXXXI V
H .

T s o u i n w ho se dread m o u t h I p re se n t ab l at io n t hat ,

t h ese b o u nd vi c ti m s m ay o b tai n t h e i r free do m ,

T h e p e o p l e dee m t h at t h o u ar t E art h : I k n o w t h ee
t h o ro u gh ly an d I say t h o u ar t D e stru ct i o n
, .

2 B e t h o u e n rich ed O We l fare w i th o blat i o n s h ere

, , , ,

am o n g u s is t h i ne all o t t e d p o r ti o n .

—
F r e e H ail t o t h ee l fro m si n t h o se h ere and yo n de r
-
.

3 D o t ho u D est ru ct i o n t h u s w i th o u t a r i val re l e ase

, , , ,

u s fr o m t h e i ro n b o n ds t hat bi n d u s .

T o m e do t h Yam a ve rily re st o re t h e e T o hi m t o . ,

Yam a yea t o D eat h be w o rsh i p !

, ,

4 T h o u h ast b ee n faste ned to an i ro n pill ar h ere co m ,

a se d w i t h a t h o u san d d e ath s aro u nd t h e e

p s .

I n fu l l ac co rd w i t h Yam a an d t h e F at h e rs se n d th is ,

m an u w ard to t h e l o ft i e st h e ave n
p .

Y M N L XX XV
H .

L sr V arana t h e h e ave n ly t re e h e re p rese n t k ee p

d ise ase aw ay .

T h e Go ds h ave dr i ve n o ff D e cli n e that en te red an d

o sse sse d th i s m an
p .

A ch arm t o acco m pany t h e sym b o l ical l oosi ng o f sacr ifi cial v ict im s.

I E ar th o n e m ean in g o f t h e w o rd ni t ilt, Dest ru ct io n or Deat h ,

b eing t h e b o t t o m o r l o wer part s o f t h e cart

2 0 Welf ar e ap pare n t l y an e u p h e m ist ic e xp ression fo r Dest ru ct io n ,

as th e Gree k E u m en ides, Gracio us Go dd esses, was fo r t h e Fu ries Pro f . .

Lu dw ig reads bh d m e, 0 Eart h , in st ead of t he bh d te, 0 Wel fare, o f t he

t ext .

3 T he i r on bonds : of sin . T hee so m e m an w ho has b een dan ger

o nel y i l l .

4 T h is st anza is re peated from V I 63 3 . . .

T ran sl at ed by Lu dw ig, Der R ig veda, I I I p 4 4 4 . . .

A ch arm a
gai nst Co nsum p t io n or Decl i n e .

Var ana t h e t ree C ratae va R o xb u rgh ii, fo u n d in al l parts o f In dia,

l
used in m ed icin e an d sup posed to p ossess m agical v irt u es See X 3 . . .
292 T H E H YM N S OF B OOK VI .

2 We w th
i th e sp e e ch o f I ndra an d o f M i t ra and o f
V ar u na,

We w th
i th e s e ech o f al l
p th e Go ds w ill drive Decli ne
aw ay fro m th e e .

3 E v e n as V rit ra c h e ck ed an d sta ed y t h ese w ate rs

fl o w i ng ever y w ay ,
W ith A g n i , Go d o f al l m an k n di . I ch ec k and ban i sh
th y D e cli n e .

H Y M N L XX XV I .

T H IS i s t h e L o rd o f I n d ra, t hi s th e Lo rd of H eave n ,
t h e L o rd o f E ar th ,
T he L o rd of al l i i
e x st ng t h i ngs : t h e o ne an d o n l y
Lo rd b e t ho u .

2 T he S ea is r e g e n t o f th e fl o o ds, A g n i is r u er o f
l t he
l an d ,

T h e M o o n is reg e n t of th e st ar s : the o n e an d o n ly
Lo r d b e t h o u .

3 Th o u ar t th e K in g o fA su ras, th e cro w n an d su m m it
o f m an k n d : i
Th o u art t h e p ar tn er of th e G o ds th e o n e an d o n ly
L o r d b e th o u .

H YM N LXXXV II .

H ue s ar t t h ou I h ave ch o se n t h ee . S tan d stedfast

an d i m m o vabl e .

L e t al l t h e clan s de si re t h ee : l et not th y k i ngdo m

fall aw ay .

A gl ori fi cati on o f a n ew l y co n secrated Kin g .

3 A sur as earth l y l o rd s .

T ran sl at e d by Ludwig, Der R igved a, I II p 24 1 . . .

A b en edict ion addressed to a n e w l y el ect ed King .

T h e h ym n is tak en , w i th sl igh t variat ions, from Bg

i ve i a X . 1 73
.

1 — 3 .
294 T H E s u ms or a
4
[ s o r v1 .

2 We m ak e
thy sp i ri t so rro w ful , w e fi l l thy m i nd w i t h
ai n an d i f
p gr e .

A s sm o k e acco m p ani es t h e w ind, so l et th y fancy

fo ll o w m e .

3 M ay V aru na and M i tra, m ay Sarasvati th e G oddess,

m av

T he cen t re of th e eart h , an d b o th h er li m i ts br i ng
t h ee l
c o se to m e .

H YM N XC .

T ns sh aft t h at R u dr hat h a sh o t fo rth agai n st t hy

m em bers an d t h y h eart ,
H er e do w e d raw fro m t h ee t o day, -
and t u rn i t h en ce
to e ve ry si de .

2 F ro m al l
th e h u n d re d v esse l s sp read th ro u gh o u t th e
m em bers o f th y fram e ,
F ro m all th ose v e se l s an d s cana s l we ca ll t h e p o i so n
o us m att er fo rt h .

3 W orsh i p t o th e e th e arch er and O R u dra to thy

, , , ,

l ev e ll ed sh aft '

Y ea w o rsh i p t o t h i n e arro w w h en it l e ft th e b o w
, ,

and w h en i t fe l l !

Satyrion, V ervai n, Basil , Mal l o w , an d o the rs in T he h ead o f Eu ro pe .

t h e Prep ? w as p erhaps d ried an d p o wdered an d adm in i st ered in food,

o r in so m e o t h er w a em l ed i t h e i a tat io n
y p yo n n c n .

T ran sl at ed b y Web er , I n d isch e St u dien , V p 24 2 . . .

A ch arm to cu re a m an w h o h as b een po iso n ed .

l R ud r a : t h e terri b l e God w h ose shafts b ri n g deat h or d isease on

m en an d cat t l e . I n t h is case t h e b o dy of t h e su flhrer has b een p o iso n ed .

2 H u n dr ed vessel s satd m d ham dn ayah al l t he co u n t l ess v esse l s

an d n erves by m ean s o f w h ich t h e di ffere n t fun ct io ns of t h e b o dy are

p e r fo rm ed . See ,W ise H in d u M e d iciSyst e m

n e, p
p 63, of
6 4 . .

T he hy m n has bee n t ransl ated b y Gril l, H u ndert Li ede r, p p 1 4, 1 63 .

mum r an u s e }? ra m p s . 295 .

Y M N XCI
H .

T n sv m ade th i s b arl e y ready w i th a team of e i gh t ,

a team o f six .

W i t h t hi s I dr i ve to w est w ard, far aw ay , thy bo d ily

di se ase .

2 V t ta b reath esdo w n w ard fro m a o ve , an d

b do w n ward
S flry a se n ds h is h e at ;
D o w n w ar d 18 d raw n th e m il ch il k : do w n
’
co w s m so
w ard g o t h y m al ady !

3 T he Wat e rs ver ily b r i ng he al t h , t h e W ate rs dr i ve

d i se ase away .

T he Wat e rs c u re al l m a ad l y: m ay th ey b ri n g m e di
ci n e fo r t h ee .

H Y M N XC I I .

BE fl eet wi n d , S tro n g S t e e d, w he n t ho u ar t har

as
n e sse d ; g o fo r th as sw i f t as t h o u g h t at I n dra s
’

se n d i n g .

L e t t h e p o sse sso rs o f al l w eal th , th e M ar u ts, y o k e

t h e e , an d T vash t ar 1 n th y fe e t ay sw ift n ess l .

2 T hat p s d
ee, t h at li e s co n c e al e d i n t h ee , O C h ar er ,

spe e d g ran te d to t h e h aw k o r w i n d t hat w an de r

T h e re w i t h , S tr o n g S te e d, savi n g i n sh oc k o f bat tl e ,
e n do w e d w i t h m ig h t by m i gh t w i n th o u t h e co n test .

A charm agai n st disease .

I T hey m ade th i s bar l ey dy : p re pared t h e gro u n d b y p l o u gh in g

r ea

fo r t h e g ro w t h o f th e grain u sed in t h e in can t at io n T h e n um b e r o f .

oxen em p l o ye d h as i n creased t h e effi cacy o f the co rn .

3 T he Waters cur e al l m a l ady : cf

. I II . 7 . 5 . So Pasto r Kn eipp ,
th e fam o us Bavar ian w ater docto r, -
m ain t ains t h at w h at can no t be c u red

b y w ate r is al t oget her i n cl n ab l e . Wat er is t h e pan acea H yd ro path y .

is th e on e savin g p r in ci l e
p w h ich can b e ap p l i ed in ev ery case .

T ran sl ated by Gril l , H un d ert Lieder , pp 1 4 , 1 68

. .

A ch arm t o st ren gt h en an d insp irit a W ar -

ho rse .
296 T H E H YM N S or [ B OOK 71 .

3 B e ari n g t h y bo dy C harger m ay th y bo dy r u n bl e ss
, ,

i ng u s and w i n n i n g t h ee p r o te c t i o n
'

M ay h e u n sw er v i n g to u p h o ld t h e m i g h ty stabli sh
, , ,

h is l u st re as a G o d i n h eav e n .

H Y M N XCIII .

Y A M A D eath di re ly fatal t h e D e stro y e r w i t h his

, , ,

bl ac k c re st Sar va th e taw n y arch e r

, ,

A n d al l t h e G o ds u p ri se n w it h t h e i r ar m y m ay th e se ,

o n e v e r y si d e av o i d o u r h e ro e s .

2 W i th m i n d b u rn t o ffe r i ngs b u tt e r and libati o n

,
-
, , ,

t o ro y al B h av a an d t h e arc h e r S ar va ,

T o th e se t h e w o rshi p fu l I p ay m y w o rsh i p m ay
t h e y tu rn e l sew he re th i n gs w i t h de adly v e n o m .

3 Sav e u s A l l Go ds an d al l p o sse ssi n g M ar u ts fro m

,
- -
,

m u rde ro u s st ro k e an d t h i n g s t h at sl ay w i t h p o i so n .

P u re is t h e m i g h t o f V ar u na A g n i S o m a M ay , , .

V fi ta s and Parj an ya s favo u r bl e ss u s

’ ’
.

H Y M N X CI V .

W E b e n d y o u r m i n ds i n u n i o n be n d in h ar m o n y y o u r ,

h o p e s an d p l an s
Y o u t he re w ho t u r n t o su n de red w ay s w e be n d an d
, ,

b o w i n u n i so n .

3 T h is stan za is tak en , w i th varian ts, fro m R ig veda a f u n e ral X .

h y m n , an d is t h ere add re ssed to t h e sp ir it o f t h e de p art ed , V i j in

( d h ) h d d
’
st ro n g , st ro n g ste e , c arg e r o r race r b e in g e i t h er t e ea m a n s

T he se co n d l in e is o b scu re
’
n am e o r m ean in g h ero . .

T ran sl at ed b y Lu d w ig, Der R ig veda, I I I p 4 59 . . .

A p raye r fo r p ro t ect io n fro m p o iso n .

l Yam a t h e Kin g o f t h e De parted , d ist in g u ished fro m De at h t h e

Dest ro yer Se r r a a de i ty, gen e ral l y m en t io n ed t o ge t h e r w it h Bhava
.

I V H i d n o t occ u r i n t h e R ig veda
( see 2
.8 . s n am e oes .

2 B hava a de it y at t en d in g o n R u d ra : in l ate r m y t ho l o gy a n am e
o r fo rm o f Si va w h ose co n so rt is t h e aw f u l Go ddess Bhavz
‘
m i .

A charm Kin g s d isco n te n ted p eo p l e

’
to reco n cil e a .

T ransl ated b y L u d w ig, Der R ig veda, l I l p 51 4 . . .

298 m s a rm s or [3 00 1 m

2 L e t the m l
re e ase m e fro m th e curse an d fro m th e
n o o se o f V aru na,
’
Free m e fro m Yam a s fe tter, an d fro m ever y sin

agai n st t h e Go ds l

3 F ro m f
e ve r
y a u l t i n l o o k i n w o rd , i n s i r i t th at w e,
p ,

aw ak e o r sl e e p i n g h av e co m m i t te d,
,

M ay S o m a w i t h h is go dlik e n atu re , cl eanse u s

,
.

H YM N XC V I I .

Tm : sacr i fice is vi c to r A g n i vi cto r victo rious is

, ,

S o m a I ndra co n qu e rs
,

So will We bri ng o blati o n un to A gn i , t h is sacri fice

t h at I m ay win al l batt l es .

2 Prai se to yo u M i tra V ar u na hy m n singers ! H ere

,
s
,
o

sWe l l w i th m e at h do m i n i o n bl e st w i t h c h il d re n .

Far i n to d i stan t re g i o n s dr i ve D est ru ct i o n and e ve n ,

fro m co m m i t te d sin abso l ve u s .

3 I n t h i s st ro n g h e ro b e y e gl ad an d j o y ful cl eave ye
t o h i m e v e n as y e c l eav e t o I n d ra ,

V i c to r i o u s k i n e w i n n e r t h u n de r wi e l de r w ho qu e ll s
,
-
,
-
,

a ho st an d w i th h is m i g h t de st ro y s i t .

2 T aken, w it h a varian t, fro m Rg

i veda X 97 1 6. .

T ransl ated b y Lu d w i g, Der R ig veda, I II p 506, . . an d by Gri ll , H un -

a

dert Lieder, p p 38, 1 68

. .

A p rayer for thc mtcccss an d prosp cri t y o f a King .

1 T h is stanza is sp o k en by t h e in st it ut or o f t h e sacrifi ce fo r success

in w ar .

2 T h is an d t h e fo l l o win g st anza are sp o k en b y the o mciat in g p riest.

P r ai se : w adh d ; h ere a sacrifi cial e xcl am at ion , l ik e S vi bi A ll hai l !
'

3 A dd ressed to t h e Kin g s su b je cts

’
.

T ran sl ated b y Lu d w ig, Der R ig veda, II I p 4 60 . . .

H u m m : a m en m m -
m

H YM N X CV II I .

I NDR A be v ct o r,
i n e ve r to be van q u ished , to rei g n
am o n g t h e K i n g s as so v ran ru l er !
H e re he t h o u m e e t fo r p rai se an d su p p l i cation , to b e
r eve r e d an d w ait e d o n an d w o rsh i d
pp e

2 T h o u fai n fo r gl o ry, an i m p eri al ru er , l hast w o n

d o m i n i o n o v e r m e n , 0 I nd ra .

O f t h e se ce l est i al tr ibes b e t h o u th e sovran : l o ng -v

l ast i ng b e t hy sway an d u n de cay in g l

3 T ho u t h e n or t h an d easte rn reg io n s I n dra !
o v ern e st

d
fi e n sl ay er l t h o u de st r oy est fo e m e n
-
.

T ho u h ast w o n al l , far as t h e ri ve rs w an de r B u l l , .

call ed t o h e l p , o n o u r r i gh t han d t h o u oe st
g .

HYM N XC I X .

I NDR A , b e fo re affl i ct i o n co m e s I , call th e e fro m t he

w i de e x p an se .

T he m ig h ty g uard i an , b o r n a o ne , w earer of m any

l
n am e s, I ca ll .

2 W h at e ve r deadly m issil e lau nched to d ay fli es fo rth

t o sl au g h t e r u s ,

W e tak e bo t h ar m s o f I ndra to en com pass us o n

e ve ry si de .

W e d raw ab o ut u s b o th t he ar m s o f I n dra ou r
'

3 ,

de li v e re r M ay t h e y p r o te c t u s t h o ro u g h ly
. .

0 Sav i tar t h o u G o d 0 ro y al So m a m ak e t hou m e

, , ,

i o u s m i n de d fo r m w l fa
p y e re
-
.

A h ym n of p raise to In dra .

2 T im e cel esti al tr i bes t he heaven l y Gods .

3 Bul l or , S tron g .

A hy m n fo r p rot ect ion in bat t l e .

1 B or n al on e peer less fro m t hy b irt h

. .

3 M ake th o u each o f y o u se p arat e l y .

T ran sl ated b y Gril l, H u n der t Li ede r, pp 1 8, 1 68 . .

 HYMN C .

T H E Go ds an d Surya gav e t h e g i ft , th e E arth an d

H e av e n best o w e d t he b o o n .

T he th ree S arasvati s i n fu ll acco rd b est o w ed t he

an t i do te .

2 Th at w ate r, Up aj i k as l w h ch i Go ds p o u re d fo r yo u
th i rsty l an d,
on

W i th t h at so m e w at er se n t by Go ds ,
d r i ve y e aw a y
t h i s p o i so n h e re .

3 T h e daug h te r of th e A su ras ar t th o u , an d s ste r o f i

t h e G o ds .

T h o u w h o h ast Sp r u n g fro m heav e n an d e ar th h ast

r u bb e d t he p o i so n o f i t s o w er
p .

HYMN CI .

Sn : A r r snm x .

A charm against p o iso n .

1 T hr ee Sar asvatte t he m u l t ip l icati o n is an al ogo us t o th at of t he

t h ree h eave n s an d t h ree eart hs . Se c IV . 20 2 . .

2 17i t erm ites o r w h it e an t s . See n ote o n II 3 2

. . . W hen ce
d o t h ese A n ts get t h eir m o ist ure ? O u r h o u se w as b u il t o n a h ard fe rru

g i n o us co n g l o m e rat e , i n o rd e r t o b e o u t o f t h e w ay o f t h e W h i t e A n t s,

b u t t h ey despite t h e p re cau t io n , an d n o t o n l y w ere t h ey in t h is

cam e

s u l t ry w eat her ab l e in d i vi du al l y to m o iste n so il t o t h e co n sist e n cy o f

m o r tar fo r t h e fo rm at io n o f gal l eries b u t w h e n t h e i r i n n er

c h am b e rs w ere l aid o p en , t h ese w ere al so su rp risin g l y h u m id y et
t h ere w as n o d ew , an d t h e h o use b e in g p l aced o n a ro ck t h ey co u ld

h av e n o su b te rran ean p assag e to t h e b e d o f t h e r i v e r , w h ic h ran ab o u t

t h ree h u n d red yard s b elo w t h e h il l . C an it b e t hat t h ey h ave th e

p o w e r o f co m b in in g th e o xyge n an d hydrogen of t h e ir v e ge tab l e foo d

[ ] fro m Dr Li v in gst o n e
’
by v it al fo rm w at c r l uo t ed
‘
fo rce (Q
’
80 as to . s
“S t ran ”
we ll k n o w n w o rk
-
by the R ev . J . G
. Wo o d , g e Dw el l in gs, p .

3 A d d resse d to so m e m agi cal h e rb , p ro b ab l y A ru n d h at i or S il i c h i

wh ich is call ed si ster of th e God s in V 5 1 . . . A su r as d ivin e b e in gs ; Gods .

T ran sl ated b y Lud w ig, Dcr R ig veda, I II p 51 1 . . .

302 THE H YM N S OF B O OK 71 .

3 T h o se yo n de r w h o ap p ro ach to fi gh t ,
w i th b an n ers
r ai se d al o n t h e i r r an k s
g ,

I n dra h ath gi rde d t h e se wi th co rd : bi n d th e m

t o ge t he r A g n i t h o u l
, ,

H Y M N C IV .

W e bi n d o u r fo e m e n w i t h a b o nd th at bi n ds th em
c l o se an d h o l ds t h e m fast .

T h e i r b re ath an d re sp i rat i o n I d i sse ve r and th e i r ,

li ves fro m li fe .

2 Th i s bo n d m ade k ee n by I n dra I have fo r m ed w i th

, ,

h eat o f h o ly zeal .

S ecu re ly bi n d o u r e ne m i e s O A gn i w h o are stand , ,

i n g h e re .

3 I n d ra an d A gn i bi n d the m fast , So m a th e K i ng ,

an d bo th the F r i e n ds I
M ay I n dra , g i r t by M aru t s , m ak e a bo n d to bi n d
o u r e n e m e s. i
H YM N CV .

R A P I DL Y as t h e fan cy fl i e s fo r th w thi co n ce
p t i o n s of
th e m i nd ,

S o fo llo w i ng th e fan cy s fl igh t 0 C o u g h flee rap i dly

’

, ,

a w ay .

2 R ap i dly as an arro w fl i e s aw ay w i th k e e n ly sh arp e n -

ed p o i n t ,

S o sw i ftly flee aw ay 0 Co u gh o ve r t h e regi o n o f

, ,

t he ear t h !
3 R ap i dly as th e b eam s o f ligh t, th e ra s o f
y Sfi rya,
fl y aw ay ,
S o , C o u gh ! fly rap i dly aw ay o v er t he cu rre n t o f t he
sea !

A ch arm t o ch eck t h e ap p roach of a h ost il e arm y .

3 B o th the F r ien ds M it ra and V aru na .

T ran sl ate d b y Lu d w ig, Der R ig ved a, I I I 51 8 . .

A ch arm to Co u gh
cu re .

T ran sl ated by Lu dwig, Der R igveda, I II p 510 . . .

Hu m w e n ew m u m . 303

HYM N CV I .

L ET fl o w e ry D fi r va g rass gro w up b
a out th i n e ex it
an d a o ach

T h e re p
p r .

e t a s ri n
p g o f w at er i
r se , or l ak e w th i
bl o o m i ng l o t u ses .

2 T h is is th e p l ac e w he re w ater s m eet , h e re is t h e
g a t h e r i n
g o f t h e fl o o d .

O u r ho m e is se t am id t he l ake tu rn th o u t hy j aw s
aw a y fro m it .

3 0 H o u se , w e co m p ass t he e a o u t w thbc o o n ess i l to

enve o l p th e e .

C o o l as a l ak e be th o u to us. Let A g n i bri ng us

h e al ing bal m l
HY M N CV I I .

E s r ao sr m e , V is vaj it to , T rdy am éna .

G u ard, T rAyam ana, al l o u r m e n , g u ard al l o ur w e a l th

of u ad r u e ds
q p .

2 T o V is v a it e n tr u st m e , T rfiyam dna
j .

O V isvaj l t , g u ard al l o u r m e n , e t c .

3 T o V isvaj it e nt ru s t m e , O K alya ni .

G u ard , 0 Kaly ani ,

al l o u r m e n, e t c .

A charm t o p ro t ect a h o u se fro m fi re .

I Dd r vd g r ass Pan icu m Dactyl o n ; a creep in g grass w it h flo w er

b eari n g b ran ches erect By far t h e m ost co m m o n an d u se fu l grass i n
.

I n d ia I t g ro w s e v e ry w h ere ab u n dan t l y , an d fl o w ers al l t he y ear

’
. .

R o xb u rg h In H ind fisttn i it is cal l ed dab T he sp eak er is addressin g

. .

h is ho use .

2 T hou : A gn i o r F ire is addressed T h e hym n m ay b e co m pared

.

w h R g e
i t i v d a 1 4 2 6X— 8 . . .

T ran sl at ed b y Gril l , H un dert Lieder, pp 63, 1 70 . .

A ch arm to p ro t ect m en an d catt l e.

1 Vt q fi t A l l su bd u in g ; an ep it h et o f I n d ra ; al so t h e n am e o f an
'

ek al l a o r o u ad ay sacrifi ce pe rfo rm ed in t h e co u rse o f t h e gavdm ayan a,

a m u m ( se e I 30 4 ) o r p ro l o n ged So m a sacrifi ce l ast i n g a w h o l e y ear
. . .

T r dyam d ad Pro t ect ress ; t he n am e o f a m ed icinal p l an t .

3 Kal y d nt Pro p it io us o ne ; t he n am e o f a l egu m ino us sh ru b ,

Gl ycin e Deb il is .
304 m s H YAI NS or [BOOK VI .

4 T o Sar vav id e n t r u st m e , O Kal yani .

O S ar vav id g u ard all ou r m e n , u ard al l ou r w ea t h l

, g
o f q u adr u p e ds .

H YMN C V II I .

I NT ELLIGE NC E co m e fi rst t o us w it h sto re o f ho rse s

,

an d o f k i n e

T h o u w i t h t h e rays o f S ury a art o u r w or sh i p fu l an d

ho l y o n e .

2 T h e fi rst de v o u t I n t e ll ige n ce l au de d b y sag e s sp ed

, , ,

by p raye r ,

T r u st ed by B rah m ach ari s fo r t h e favo u r o f t h e G o ds ,

I call .

3 T h at e xce ll e n t I n t e ll ige nce w h i ch R ibh us k n o w an d ,

A su ras,

I nt e ll ig e n ce w h i ch sa
g es k n o w, w e cau se to e nt e r

i n to m e .

4 Do th o u , O A g n i , m ak e m e w ise t h i s day w t h t h at
i
I n t e lli ge n ce
W h i c h t h e c reat i ve R i sh i s w h i ch t he m en e n do w e d ,

w i th w i sdo m k n e w .

5 I n t e lli ge nce at e ve at m o rn I n t e lli g e n ce at n o o n

, ,

f day , o

W i th th e S u n s b eam
’
s, an d by o u r s e ech
p w e p lan t
i n u s I n t e ll ige n ce .

4 Sarvam d Om niscient an ep i t het o f A gn i

'

A p rayer fo r w isdom .

2 Br ah m a /t ar ts rel ig iou s st u den t s .

3 Bi bl m s w h o w ere de ifi ed on acco u n t o f t he i r art ist ic sk il l .

I I I 5 6,
. . note . A su r as : d iv in e b e in gs .

4 C r eati ve Ri ch i e : ytsh ayo bk ti tak gt tab;

'
see II I . 28 . l . an d
35 2 . .

5 Sp eech or a
p y
r er .
roe T H E e r a s e or [ BOOK VI .

3 B o rn t h e Ti g e r s d ay w as h e , a h ero , th e
’
on

C o n ste llat i o n s c h il d, b o r n b rav e an d m an ly

’
.

L e t h i m n o t w o u n d , w he n gr o w n i n st re n g t h, h is
.

fath e r , n o r di sre g ard h is m o t h e r , h e r w h o bare h im .

HYMN CXI .

U s sm n an d l o o se fo r m e t h i s m an 0 A g n i w h o , ,

b o u n d and w e ll r est rai n ed is ch att e r i n g fo lly .

A ft e r w ard h e w ill o ffe r t h e e t h y p o r t i o n w h e n h e

h at h b e e n de li v e r e d fro m h is m ad n e ss .

2 L e t A g n i g e n t ly so o t h e t h y m i nd w h en fi er ce e x c i te
m e n t t r o u bl e s it .

W ell sk ill e d I m ak e a m e di ci n e th at t h o u n o l o n ge r
-

m ay st b e m ad ,

3 I n san e t h ro u gh si n agai n st t h e G o ds o r m add e n e d ,

by a de m o n s p o w e r ’

W e l l sk ill e d I m ak e a m e d i c i n e to fre e t h e e fro m

-

i n san i ty .

4 M ay t h e A p sarase s r e l e ase I n dra an d Bh aga l e t ,

th e e g o .

M ay al l t h e G o ds de li ve r t h e e t hat t h o u no l o n ge r
m ay st b e m ad .

H Y MN CXII .

L nr n ot th is o n e, 0 A g ni w o u nd
, t h e h i gh e st o f
t he se p r e se r v e th o u h i m fro m u t t e r ru n i .

3 T iger s d ay t h e t ige r b e in g in t h e A t h arva v eda t h e t yp e o f

'
-
v al o u r .

T ran sl at e d b y Lu d w ig Der R ig v ed a, I I I p 4 31 , . .

A ch arm t o cu re in san it y .

4 A p sar ases w h o as Goddesses o f gam b l in g, dice l ov ers, -

m ad
den et s o f t h e m in d ( 11 2
’
m ay h ave cau sed t h e in san i t
. .
y .

Z
T ran sl at ed b y im m er, A l t in dische s Le b en , p 393, . an d by Gril l ,
H un de rt Lieder, pp 21 , 1 7 0 . .

A h ea l t h c ar m fo r m an , w o m an , and so n
- h
.

1 T h i s one ayd m , t h is, h i c, st an ds w it h ou t a su b stan t ive Dr Gri l l . .

su gg ests t hat i y d m , b ase, t h is ( sh e fi en d ) , sh o u l d b e read T he h i g hest

-
.

t h e fat h e r, t h e ch ief o f t h e ho u seh o l d T he shefi en d Gr abt Se e I] 9 I

.
-
. . . .
H YM N T H E A T H AR ”m m . 307

K no w ing t h e w ay d o t h o u u n t i e t h e n o o ses of th e
she -
fi e nd : le t al l t h e Go ds ap p ro v e t h e e .

2 R e ad t h o u th e b o n ds o f t h e se asu n de r , A g u i l t h e
t h re e fo l d n o o se w h e re by t h e t h re e w ere fast e n ed
‘
.

K n o w i ng t h e w ay u nt i e t he sh e fi e n d s n o o se s free
’
-

all , t h e so n , t h e fat h er , an d t h e m o th e r .

3 T he l de r b ro t h e r s bo n ds st ill l e ft u n w edded fe tt er
’
e , ,

ed in e ve r li m b an d bo u n d se c u re ly
y ,

L o o se t h e se fo r t h e y ar e b o n ds fo r l o osi ng P ush an
, ,

t u r n w o e s aw ay u p o n t h e bab e dest ro y e r -
.

HYM N CXIII .

T m s sin th e G o ds w i p e d o ff and l ai d on Tri ta ,

T r i ta w i ed fl
’
an d it o h u m an
on be i n g s .

T h e n c e if t h e e m al e fi e n d h at h m ade t h e e cap t i ve ,
t h e G o d s by r ay e r sh all ban i sh h e r an d fre e t h e e
p .

2 E n t er t h e p art i cl e s o f li gh t an d va
p o u rs,
g o to th e
r i si n g fo s o r m i st s, 0 E v il 1
g
H e n ce i ! v an sh i n t he fo am s o f r i v e r s P fi sh an , w i p e .

w o e s aw ay u p o n t h e bab e d e st r o y er !
-

3 S to r e d i n t w e l v e se p arat e p l ace s li e s w h at T ri ta
h at h w i p e d aw ay , t h e si n s o f h u m an be i n g s .

T h e n c e if t h e fe m al e fi e nd hat h m ade t h e e c ap t i v e ,
t h e G o ds by p ray e r sh al l b an ish h e r an d fre e t he e .

2 Of these : fat h e r, m o t h e r, an d so n .

3 P ashan ; as t h e Go d w h o che r ish es an d m ul t i p l ies l ife . B a be

d a tr oycr t h e fi end w h o k il l s t h e u n b o rn b ab e . Se e 1 1 25 4 . . .

T ransl at ed b y Lu dw ig, Der R ig veda, 1 11 .

p . 4 69, an d b y Gril l ,
H u n dert L ieder, pp 15, 1 7 1 . .

A charm t o b an ish t h e fi end Gr i h i .

l T r i ta t h e m yst erio us b eing to w ho m u n p l easan t t h in gs are

con si gn ed Se c V l
. 1 . . .

3 T ri t e s re posi t o ry m ay b e com p are d to M il t o n s l im b o (

’
P
’
a rad ise

Lo st , 1 11 4 90) in t o w h ich fo l l ies an d van it ies u p w h ir l ed

. al o ft Fl y
o e r t h e b ack side o f t h e w o rl d far
’

T ran sl at ed b y Lu d wi g , De r R igveda, I I I p 4 4 4 , . . an d b y Gril l , H un

der t Lieder, p p 1 5, 1 7 1 . . t
 m s H YM N S or [ B OOK n .

HYMN CXI V .

W H A T EV ER G o d p ro v o k i n g w ro n g w e p r i e sts ha v e
-

do n e , 0 D e i tie s ,

T h e re fro m do y e de l iv e r u s A di tyas l b y t h e ri gh t ,

o f L aw .

2 H e r e se t u s fr e e , 0 h o l y o n e s, A d i tyas by , the r ig ht
f L aw , o

W h e n str i v i n g , br i ng i n g sac r ifi ce , w e fail e d t o o ff e r

it ar ig h t .

3 W i t h l ad l e fu ll o f fat n e ss w e , w o rsh i p p e rs, p o u ri n g

h o ly o il ,
S t r i v i n g hav e fail e d , 0 al l y e G o ds, ag ai ns t o u r w ill ,
,

t o o ffer it .

HYMN C XV .

W H A T EV E R w ro n g w e w i t t i n g ly or in o ur ig n o ran ce
h av e do n e ,
D o y e d e li ve r us t h e r e fro m , 0 al l y e Go ds ,
of o ne

acc o rd .

2 I f I, a i
s n ner , w h e n aw ak e o r s ee l i
p gn h av e co m m it
t ed si n ,

F re e m e t h e re fro m as fro m a stak e , fr o m p r e se n t and

fro m fu t u re g u il t .

3 A s o ne u n fast e n e d fr o m a stak e , or c l e an se d by
b at h i n g afte r t o il ,
A s b u t te r wh i ch th e i
s e ve h at h l
c e an se d, so al l s h al l

p u r
g e m e fr o m t h e si n .

A p raye r as k in g p ard o n fo r faul ts and e r ro rs in t he p e r fo rm an ce

o f sacr i fi ce .

1 We p r i ests devdi as i n st ead of dévd sae o f t h e text ; l i teral l y, we

go d s . Se e 1 11 3 2 ; 1 0 2
. . . .

3 To f ion t h
er e p p
ro it
e r m an n e r .

T ran sl ate d b y Lud w ig, Der R ig veda, I I I 4 4 3, an d b y Gr ill , H . . L.

pp 4.5,
1 7 2 .

A p rayer ask in g p ardo n fo r sin .

T ran sl ate d b y Lu d wi g, De r R igveda, I II p 44 3, an d by Gril l H . . .

L , pp 4 6, 1 7 2
. . .
310 T H E H YM N S or [ B OOK VI .

H
Y M N CX V III .

I r w e hav e si n n e d w i t h b o t h o u r h an ds desi r i n g t o ,

t ak e t h e h o st o f d i ce fo r o u r p osse ssi o n ,

M ay b o th A p sarase s t o day fo rg i v e us th at deb t th e-

,

fi e rce l y co n q u e r i n g fi e r ce l y l o o k i n g
-
,
-
.

2 S t e rn v i e w ers o f t h e i r si n s w h o ru l e t h e o p l e fo r ,

i ve n a w h at h at h h a n e d as w e a l d
g pp e g m e .

N o t u rg i n g u s t o p ay t h e d e b t w e o w e d h im h e w i th ,

a co rd hat h g o n e t o Y am a s k i n gdo m
’
.

3 M y cred i t o r t h e m an w h o se w i fe I v isi t b e G ods !

, , ,

w h o m I ap p ro ach w i t h su p p li cat i o n ,

L e t n o t t h e se m e n do m i n at e m e i n sp e ak i n g M i nd .

t h is y e t wo A p sarase s Go ds C o n so rts l
’
, ,

H Y M N CXIX .

T H E de bt w h i ch I i n c u r n o t gam i ng A g n i ! an d n ot
, , ,

i n te n d i ng to re p ay ack n o w l edge , ,

T hat m ay V aisvdn ara t h e be st o ur so vran carry , , ,

aw ay i n t o t h e w o rl d o f v i rt ue .

2 I cau se V aisvdnara t o k n o w co n fessi n g t h e de b t ,

w h o se p ay m e n t t o t h e Go ds is p ro m i se d .

k n o w s t o t e ar asu n de r al l t h e se n o o se s : so m ay
H e

w e d w e ll w i t h h i m t h e ge n t l e m i n de d -
.

3 V aisvanara t h e P u rifi e r p u rg e m e w h e n I O p p o se
t he i r h o p e an d b r e ak m y ro m ise ,
U n k n o w i ng i n m y h eart it h su p p li cat i o n , w h at
.

e v er
g u il t t h e r e is i n t h at , I ban i sh .

A p rayer ask in g fo rg iv en ess o f ch eat in g at p l ay .

1 F i er cel y oon quer i ng , fi er cel y l oo ki ng : acco rding t o M u ir ( O S T exta,

- - . .

V 4 30) Ug raji t an d Ugram p agy i are t h e nam es o f t h e t w o A psarases

. .

2 Wi th a cor d t o k ee p us bo u nd as d e b t o rs in th e o t he r w o rl d .

3 Gode Con so r t s: w iv es o f t h e ce l est ial Gan dh arvas

’
. See I I 2 3, . . no t e.

T ransl at ed by Lu d w ig, Der R ig veda, 111 p 4 55 . . .

A p rayer fo r rel ease from deb t s in cu rre d w it h o u t in ten t i o n of paym en t

1 I n to the w or ld of vi r tue n o t im p u t ing m y act io n t o m e ss a fau l t .

2 N am es: b on ds o f de b t .

3 T hei r hop es : m y cred ito rs h o pes o f paym en t’

.

T ran sl at ed b y Lud w ig , De r R ig veda, 1 11 p 4 4 2 . . .

3 1m m T H E A T H A R Fri VE DA -
. 31 1

H Y M N CXX .

Ir hav e inj u red A ir , o r E art h , o r H e av en , if w e

we
have w r o n g e d o u r M o t h er o r o u r F at h e r ,
M ay A g n i Garhap atya h e re ab so l ve u s, an d h ear us
i n t o t h e w o r ld o f v i rt u e
u
p .

2 E ar t h is our M o th er, A di t i our b i rth p l ace

-

b ro t h er A ir save u s fro m i m p r ecat i o n !

Dy au s F ath e r save u s fro m t h e w o rl d o f F ath e rs !
, , ,

M y w o r l d n o t l o st m ay I ap p r o ach m y k i n dre d , .

3 T h e re w h e re o u r v ir t u o u s fr i e n ds w ho l e ft b eh i nd ,

t h e m t h e i r bo dily in fi r m it ies ar e h ap p y , ,

F ree fro m d i st o rt i o n o f t h e li m bs an d l am e n ess m ay ,

w e b eh o l d i n h eav e n o u r so ns an d p are nt s
, , .

H YM N CXXI .

SPR EA DI NG t he m o ut u n t i e t h e sn are s t hat h o l d u s

, ,

V aruna s b o n ds t he u p p er an d t h e l o w er
’
.
.
,

Dri v e fro m u s e vil dream d r i v e o ff m i sfo r tu n e th en ,

l e t u s g o i n t o t h e w o rl d o f v i r t u e .

2 I f t h o u art b o u n d w i t h c o rd o r t i ed t o t i m b er hx t , ,

i n t h e e ar th o r by a w o rd i m p ri so n ed
, ,

O u r A g n i G hrh ap atya h e re sh all fr e e t h ee an d l ead ,

t h ee u p i n t o t h e w o r l d o f v i rt ue .

A p rayer fo r fo rg iv eness o f sin s an d fo r fel icity h ereaft er .

l A gn i Gdr hap atya t h e sacred fi re p erp et u al l y m ain t ai n ed b y a

ho u se ho l der (ggihap ati ),
-
rece ived from h is fat h er an d t ran sm it t ed to

h is so n .

2 M y wor l d m y ho m e i n h eav e n .

3 C o m pare 1 1 1 28 5 . . . sqq.

T ransl at ed b y Lu d w ig, Der R ig veda, 1 1 1 p 4 4 2, an d b y Gri l l , H u ndert . .

Lieder, 7 2, 1 23 See al so M u ir, O S T exts, V p p 4 1 , 299, 306

. . . . . .

A p rayer fo r fel icit y in th e o t h er w o rld .

1 Un ti e : add ressed to A g ni Gfirh ap atya, t h e deity of t h e h ouse

hol der s sacred fi re
’
.
31 2 T H E 11 m m or [ BO OK VI .

3 T he tw o au sp c o u s i i stars w h o se n am e is ca e d ll
R e l ease rs h av e g o n e u p .

S e n d A m r i t h i t h e r, l e t i t c o m e fre e i n g th e cap ti ve
fro m h is b o n ds !
4 O p en t h y se l f m ak e ro o m : fr o m b o n ds t h o u sh al t
,

re l e ase t h e r i so n e r
p .

F re ed , li k e an i n fan t n ew ly b orn , d w e ll in al l p ath

w ay s w h e re t h o u w il t .

H Y M N CXXII .

Tm s p o rt o n i I w h o u n de r stan d de li v er t o V isv ak ar
m an fi r st -
O rd e r
b o r n so n of .

S o m ay w e t h e e n d , u n b r o k e n , b ey o n d o l d
fo ll o w t o
ag e , t h e t h re ad w h i ch w e h av e g i v e n .

2 T h i s l o n g d raw n th re ad so m e fo ll o w w h o h av e o ffe r
-

e d i n o r de r e d c o u r se o bl at i o n t o t h e F at h e rs

S o m e , o ffe r i n g an d g i v i n g t o t h e fr i e n dle ss, i f th ey

can
g i v e : h e r e i n t h ey fi n d t h e i r h e av e n .

3 Stan d o n m y si de an d r an ge y o u rse l ve s i n o rd e r ,
y e t w o ! T h e fa i th f u l r ea c h t h i s w or l d o f S var a
g .

W h e n y o u r dre sse d fo o d h at h b e e n be sto w ed o n A g ni ,

t o g u ard i t , w i fe an d h u sb and , c o m e t o g e t h e r !
4 D w e lli n g w it h zeal I m o u n t in sp i ri t aft e r t h e l o ft y
sacr ifi ce as it de ar t e t h
p .

3 R el easer s : see 11 8 1. . .

4 I n t h e fi rst l in e A m rit , t h e Wat er of Li fe, is ad d ressed, an d i n

t h e se co n d t h e p erso n w h o is t o b e b en e fi ted .

T ran sl at ed by Ludw ig, Der R ig veda, 1 1 1 p 4 4 2 . .

A p rayer fo r fel icit y in t h e o t h e r w o rld .

1 V isvakar m an t h e Om n ifi c ; th e arch it ect of t h e u n i v erse, a d e it y

c l osel y re se m b l in g Praj a p at i t h e Lo rd o f L ife an d o f t e n n o t d i st in g u i

sh ed fr o m h im T he thr ead w hi ch w e ha ve gi ven : t h e t h read o f l ife

.

w h ich w e h an d o n t o o u r ch il dre n Le t n o t m y t h read, w h il e I

.

w eave so n g, he se vered, n or m y w o r k s su m , b e fo re t h e t im e, b e
’

shat t ered ( R ig v ed a I I 28
’
. .

3 Yo tw o t he i nstit u to r o f t h e sacrifi ce an d h is w ife .

4 A fter the l of ty sacr ifice sac r ifi ces go to h eav en , an d are st o red

u p t h ere to aw ait an d r e w ard h is t h ei r p e rfo rm e r on arrival . Cf .

B igveda X . 1 4 8, an d A t har va v eda V I 1 23, 2; XI 1 36

.
-
. . . X V III . 2 30. .
314 T H E 11 11 1193 OF [ 3 00 3 VI .

H Y M N C XXI V .

FR OM t h e h i gh fi r m am en t , y e a, o ut o f h eave n a
w at e r dro p w i t h de w on m e hat h fall e n
-
.

I, A n i ! sh are t h e m e r i t o f th e p i ou s, w i th v i go u r,
?
m i an d h ym n s an d sacr ifi c es.

2 I t i s a fru i t if an y t ree h ath dr o p ed it , a b reat h,

if fro m th e sk y i t h at h desc e n ds
Wh e re it h at h t o uch e d m y b o dy o r m y gar m e n t ,
t he n ce m ay t he Wate rs dr i v e Destr u c t i o n bac k w ard .

3 I t is a fragran t i
o n tm e n t, h ap p y fo r tu n e, sh e e n all o f
g o ld ,
y ,
e a p u ri fi e d fro m bl e m i sh .

S p read o v er u s ar e al l p u r i fi cat i o n s Deat h and .

M alig n i t y sh all no t su b du e u s .

H YM N C XXV .

M ay er t h o u , 0 Tr ee , b e fi rm i nd e ed i n bo dy
, o ur
fr i e n d t h at fu r th e rs , u s a go od ly h er o .

P u t fo rt h t hy st ren gt h , c o m pact w ith t ho n gs o f

le at h e r, an d l et t hy ri de r w in all sp o i ls o f bat t l e .

2 I t s m i g h ty st ren
g th w as bo rro w ed fro m th e he s V e n
an d e ar t h it s c o n q u e r i n g fo rce w as br o u g h t fr o m
so v ran s o f t h e w o o d .

H o n o u r w it h sac rifi ce t h e C ar li k e I n dra s bo l t , t h e

’

C ar g i rt ro u n d w i t h st raps, t h e v igo u r o f t h e
fl o o ds .

3 T h o u b o l t o f I n dra van gu ard o f th e M aru ts cl o se

, ,

k n i t t o V aru na an d ch ild o f M i t ra ,

A s such acc e ti n g g i ft s w h i ch h e re w e o ffer re ce i v e

, , ,

0 go dli k e h e ri o t t h e se o b l at i o n s
, .

A n Om en fro m t h e sh y .

T ran sl at ed b y Lu dw ig, Der R igv eda, II I . 4 98.

Gl o rifi cst ion of a War chario t

-
.

l T h e hym n is tak e n fro m Bigveda V I 4 7 26 . . 28 . 0 T r ee !

odn asp ate l it e ral l y, l o rd o f t h e w oo d : t he ch ari o t .

T ran sl ated b y Lu d w ig, Der R ig veda, I I I p 4 59 . . .

H YM N T H E n ew m rrp l . 31 5

H Y M N CXX V I .

S END fo rt h th y v o i c e t h ro u gh e arth an d h e av e n,
a o ud
l
an d l e t t h e w o rl d i n al l i ts b r e ad th r egard t he e .

0 D ru m , acco rdan t w i t h t he G o ds an d I n dr a, dr i ve
t h o u afar , yea, v ery far , o u r fo e m e n .

2 T h u n de r o u t stre n g t h an d fill u s fu ll o f vi
g o ur , y ,
e a
t h u n d e r fo r th an d dr i v e aw ay m i sfo rt u n e s .

D r i ve h e n ce , 0 D ru m , dr i v e t ho u aw ay m isch an ce s.
T ho u art t h e fi st o f I ndra, sh o w t hy fi r m n e s
3 C o n q u er t h o se y o n der an d l e t t h e se he v i c to rs L et .

t h e D ru m sp e ak al o u d as bat t l e s sig n al
’
.

L et o u r m e n , w i n ged w i t h h o rse s, fly t o ge th er Let .

o u r car -
w ar r o rs,i I n dra ! be t r i u m p h an t .

H YM N CXXV I I .

O r ab scess, o f decli n e , o f i n fl am m at i on of t he e y es,

0 Pl an t ,
O f p e n e trat i n g p ai n , th o u H erb , let n ot rt c e i l
‘

a p a
rem a n i .

2 T h o se n e r v es o f t h i ne , C o n su m p t i o n ! w h ch i stan d
l
c o se ly h i dde n i n t h y g ro i n
I k n o w t h e bal m fo r t h at di sease : t h e m agi c cu re is
u dr u
Spi .

Gl o rifi cat i on of t he War d ru m -

.

l T h e h ym n is t ak en , w it h varian ts, fro m Rg

i veda V I 4 7 29 —3L . .

3 T hose t h e enem y T hese o u r o wn m en

. .

A charm t o b an ish vario us diseases .

1 A bscess m id r adhd p ro b ab l y t h e sam e as bi dr m fl n in t ern al

'

ab scesses o f t h e ab do m en
’
— Wise, H in d u Syst em of M edicin e, p 21 0
. . .

IV 9 8 I nflam m ati on f the eyes MI uta

’

bal dm
’

Decl i n e see . . . o .

P en etr ati ng p ai n fi refl y

/ aka.

2 T he sick m an is addressed, t h e ap ostro ph e t o pe rso n ifi ed C on su m p c

t io n b e in g pare n t h et ical ip u d r u . ap p are n t l y so m e u n k no w n t ree o r

l a t T h e w o rd does n o t occu r el se w h ere

p n .
.
3 16 rm : H YM N S or [ 3 0 0 3 VI .

3 Wed r aw f ro m t h ee t h e
p i e rc i n
g p a i n t h at p e n e t r at es

an d r ack s t h y li m b s,
Th at p ier ce s c ars, t h at p i er ce s ey es, th e abscess,
’
an d t h e h e art s d i se ase .

D o w n w a rd an d fa r a w a y f ro m t h e e w e ba n is h t h at
u n k n o wn d e c li n e .

HYMN CXX V III .

W H A T t i m e t h e h eav e nly bo di es ch o se th e W eath er

P r o p h e t as th e i r K i n g ,

T h e y b r o u g h t h i m favo u r i ng w eath e r an d L e t t h i s , ,

b e his d o m ai n t h ey sai d,
.

2 M ay w e h av e w e at h er fai r at n o o n m ay w e h av e ,

w e at h e r fai r at e v e ,

F ai r w e at h e r w h e n t he m or n i ng b reaks fai r w eath er ,

w h e n t h e n ig ht is co m e .

3 F ai r w e at h e r t o t h e d ay an d n i gh t , an d t o th e stars

an d su n an d m o o n ,
G i ve fav o u rab l e w e at h e r th o u , K i n g W e at he r ,

P ro p h e t , u n t o u s .

3 Un kn o wn d ecl i n e aj nd tay akeb m d; se e III 1 1

. . l .

T h e h y m n , w i t h e xce p t io n o f t h e l ast l in e w h ich ap p ears t o b e a

l at er add i t io n , has b een t ran sl at ed , w it h m u ch in fo rm at ion regar din g
t h e d iseases m en t io n e d, in A l t in d isch es Leb en , p 386 . .

A p ray er fo r F air W eath er .

1 T he hea ven l y bod ies : n dkshatr d ni th e st ars an d co n st el l at i o n s

regard ed as t h e co nt ro l l ers o f t h e w eat h er . T he m oo n is, e ve n no w,

si m il arl y regar ded b y so m e p p

e o l e . T he Weather P rop h et s l a d/ad
a

l ite ral l y du n g sm o k e, w ho fo ret el l s t h e

’
m am him of the -
on e

w eat h e r b y the w ay in w h ich sm o k e r i ses fro m a fi re o f co w -d u n

g .

T he S ak adh ii m a w as an o ld Brah m an , w h o , as su pp o se d to h ave t h e

p o w e r o f fo re t e l l i n g t h e w eat h e r, was n at u ral l
y regard e d as its co n t ro ll e r .

T h e hy m n is p rescrib ed in t h e R an sih n -
Sdt ra, XXX 1 3, as part o f
.

t h e ri t u al o f a m erch an t w h en ab o u t to start o n an e xped i t i o n I t h as .

b ee n t ran sl ated an d t h oro u gh l y

d iscusse d b y Pro f Bl oo m fi e l d ( A m eri .

can J
o u rn al o f Ph il o l o
gy , V I I pp 4 8 4 . S e
.e al so W e b e r, Om in a
e t Po rt en ta,
.

p 363 .
, a n d im m e Z
r, A l t in disch es Le b e n,
p 35 3 . .
31 8 THE H YM NS or [ B OOK V I .

2 I p ra y ,h e m ay
re m e m b e r m e ,
t h i n k o f m e , l o v i n
g
an d b e l o ve d .

S e n d fo rt h t h e sp e ll , ye D e i ti e s ! L et h im co n su m e
w i t h l o ve o f m e .

3 Th at h e m ay t h i n k o f m e th at I m ay n e ver n ev er , ,

t h i n k o f hi m ,

S e n d fo r th t h e sp e ll ye D e i t i es ! L e t hi m co n su m e ,

w it h lo ve o f m e .

4 M adde n h i m , M aru ts, m adde n h i m M adde n h im , .

m adde n him , 0 A ir .

M adde n h i m , A g n i , m adde n h im L e t hi m c o n su m e .

w it h l o ve o f m e.

H Y M N CXXXI .

D OW N u po n t h ee, fro m h e ad to fo o t , I draw th e

an s of l o ng i n g l o v e
p g .

S e n d fo rt h th e c h ar m , yeD e i t ie s ! L e t h i m c o n su m e
w thi l o ve of m e .

2 A sse n t t o t h i s, 0 H eave n ly G race ! C e l est i al P ur

p o se ,
g u i de it we ll !
S e n d fo r t h t he ch ar m , y e D e i t i es ! L e t h i m c o n su m e
w ith l o ve o f m e .

3 I f t ho u l dst r u n t hre e l eagu es aw ay fi ve l eagu e s

sh o u , ,
’
a ho rse s daily stag e ,

T h e n ce th o u sh al t co m e to m e agai n and b e t h e
fat he r o f o u r so n s .

A wo m an s l o ve-ch ar m
’
.

2 H ea ven l y Gr ace A n u m at i , Favou r o f t h e God s See I 1 8 2, n o te . . . .

C el esti al P u rp o se A m e ; Pl an or I n t en t io n , p erson ifi ed as a Go ddess .

3 L eagues t he ydj an am , so m e t im es regarded as a d ist an ce of fo u r

or fi ve m il es, is m o re co rrect l y est im at ed at fo u r b r agas o r loos, o r ab o u t

e igh t m i l es .

T ran sl ate d b y W eb er, I ndisch e St u d ien, V .

p . 24 4 , an d b y Gril l,
H u n dert Liede r, p p 58, 1 7 5 . .
Hu m THE ”m am V E DA . 31 9

Y M N CXX XI IH .

T H E Ph il ter b u r n i n g w i t h th e pan gs o f y earn i n g l o v e

, ,

w h i c h Go ds have p o u red W i t h i n t h e b o so m o f t h e
fl o o d s,
I b eat by V aru na s decr ee
T h at sp e ll fo r t h e e ’
.

2 T h e c h arm w h i c h b u r n i ng w i th t h e p an gs o f l o v e
, ,

t h e G e n e ral Go ds hav e p o u re d w i t h i n t he b o so m
of t he fl o o ds,
T h at l l fo r t h e e I b eat by V aruna s decree
s
p e
’
.

3 T he P h il te r b u r n i n g w i t h t he p an gs o f l o n gi n g
, ,

w h i ch I n dra fl
'

i h h d i h i h d
’
n at e u se w t n t e w at e r s e
p t h ,

Th at sp e ll fo r t h e e I h eat by V aru na s de c re e ’
.

4 T h e c h arm ag l o w w i t h l o ng i n g w h i c h I n dr a an d
, ,

A g n i h av e e fl u se d w i t h i n t h e bo so m o f t h e fl o o ds
’
,

T h at sp el l fo r t h ee I b e at by V aru na s de cree '

.

5 T h e c har m ag l o w w i th l o ngi ng w h i ch M i t ra an d
V ar u na h av e p o u re d w i t h i n t he bo so m o f t h e floo ds ,

T hat sp e ll fo r t he e I be at by V de cre e
’
ar u na s .

H Y M N CXXXIII .

B t
r h e d i r ec t i o n o f t h at G o d w e j o u r n ey , he w ill
se e k m e an s to sav e an d h e w ill fre e u s ;

T h e G o d w h o h at h e n g i rt u s w i t h t h i s Gi rdl e , he w h o
hat h faste ne d it an d m ade u s r eady , ,

T h u w ap
o e
,
o n o f h R
t e ishi s,
a r t a d o r e d an d se r v e d
w i t h sacri fice .

F i rst tast i n g o f the vo t i ve m ilk , Zo n e , b e a h ero

l y
s a er th o u !

w o m an s l o ve-ch ar m
’
A .

2 Gener al Gods : the V isve Devas o r A l l God s,

-

M sh te d b y Web e r , I n dische St ud ien , V p 24 5

. . .

T h e h ym n is a gl o ri fi cat io n o f t h e sacred Gird l e .

1 J ou rney : pursue our co u rse t h rough l ife .

320 T H E [m ars o r [ B OO K VI .

3 A I D e at h
B rahm acharl cl ai m i n g o u t o f
’
s am no w s

t h e li vi n g w o r l d a m a n fo r Yam a,
So w i t h A u st er i ty and P ray er an d F e r vo u r I b i n d
t h i s Gi rd l e ro u n d t h e m an be fo re m e .

S h h h be co m e, F ai t h s dau g h te r sp ru n g fro m ’

4 e at ,
!

F e r v o u r th e si s te r o f t he w o r l d c re at i ng R i shi s
,
-

A s su ch 0 Gi rd l e gi v e u s t h o u g h t an d w i sd o m
, , ,

g i ve u s re l i i o u s ze al an d m e n tal v i o u r
g g .

5 Th o u w h o m p r i m e v al R i sh is g i r t abo u t t he m t h ey ,

w h o m ade t he w o rl d ,

A s su c h d o t h o u en c i rc l e m e O Gi rdl e fo r l o ng days
'

, ,

o f li fe .

H Y M N C X XX I V .

T m s T h u nd e rb o l t shall tak e i ts fi ll o f O r de r scare ,

l i fe aw ay an d o v e r t h ro w t h e k i ng do m ,

Te ar n e c k s in p i e c e s r e n d th e nap es asu n de r e v e n
, ,

as t h e L o r d o f M ig h t t he n e ck o f V r it ra '
.

2 D o w n d o w n be n e at h t h e c o n q u e ro r s l e t h im n o t
, ,

r ise co n ce al ed i n e ar t h bu t l ie do w n sm i t t en
, w i th ,
-

t h e bo l t .

3 Se e k o u t t h e fi e rce O p p r e ssor yea st r i ke o n ly t he , ,

o
p p r esso r d e ad .

Do w n fu l l
’
on the fi e r ce Op p r e sso r s h e ad st r ike at
l e n g th , 0 T h u n de r bo l t

3 Death s Br ah m achar i a rel igio u s st u den t en do w ed w it h

’
p o w e r by
M rit y u , t h e Go d o f Deat h .

4 She t h e gi rd l e . Wor l d cr eati ng Ri chi e :

- see I II 28 I ; I V
. . . I 2
. .

T ransl ate d by Lu dw ig, Der R ig ved a, II I p 4 32 . . .

fo r p o w er to p u n ish w ro n g d o ors
'
A p r iest s a
p y
r er -
.

1 T h is T h u n d er bo l t : t h is sac ri fi ce , w h ich whe n em pl oy ed against

en e m ies is as p o w erfu l a w eap o n as t he b o l t of I n d ra So M il to n .

se rm o n s, p rayers, an d fu l m in at io n s an d Ge o rge H e rbe rt

’
sp eak s o f .

re ve rsbd t h u n der L or d of M ig h t : I n d ra
’
cal l s Praye r . .

2 H im : t h e w ick ed m an .

T ran sl ated b y Lu d wig , Der R ig v ed a, I I I p 4 4 8 . . .

322 T H E H YM N S o r .

[ 8 0 0 3 n .

’
T h i s sam e h ath V i tah avya bro u gh t t o u s fro m A sita s
ab o de .

2 T h ey m i g ht b e m easu red w i th a re in m et ed w ith ,

b o t h e x t e n de d ar m s .

L e t t h e bl ac k l o ck s sp r i n g t h i ck an d st ro ng an d gro w
li k e re e ds u p o n th y h ead .

3 S t re n g th e n t h e ro o ts , p ro l o n g t h e p o i nts, l e n g th e n
t h e m i dd l e p ar t , 0 Pl an t .

L e t t h e bl ack l o ck s sp ri n g th i ck an d stro n g an d gro w

li k e ree ds u p o n t h y h ead .

HYMN C X XXV II I .

O P LA NT , t hy fam e is sp read ab r o ad as b est o f al l the

h e r bs t h at g ro w .

U n m an fo r m e to day th i s m an t hat he m ay w ear th e

-

h o r n o f h ai r .

2 M ak e h i m a e u n u ch w i t h a h o rn , se t t h o u th e crest
u o n h is h e ad
p .

L e t I n dra w i t h t w o p ressi n g sto n es dep r i ve h i m o f -

h is m an ly st re n gt h .

3 Ih av e u n m an n e d t h e e , e u n u ch ! y ea, i m p o te n t ! m ade
t h e e i m p o te n t , an d r o bbed t h ee , w eak l in g l o f t h y
st re n t h
g .

U p o n h i s h ead w e set t h e h o r n , w e set th e b ran ch i ng

o rn am e n t .

2 T hey t he l ady s l o ck s
’
.

T ran sl at ed by L u d w ig, Der R igv eda, I II p 51 2, by Zim m er, Al t in . .

d isch es Leb en , p 68, an d b y Gri l l , H un der t Lieder, pp 50, 1 7 6

. . .

'
A wom an s i m p recat io n on h er u n fai t hf ul l o ver .

I T he hor n of hai r : t h e ap aga, m ean in g a h o rn l ik e arran gem en t -

or
o rn am e n t o f t h e hair : h ere regard ed as a m ark o f efl em i n acy
‘

2 T he cr est ku r tr a ap paren t l y t h e sam e as t h e op aqd See V 31 2

’
. . . .

3 T he ham M m ba ; an o t h er w o rd w it h t h e sam e m ean in g as op al é

an d hu r tr a See
'
. Geldn er, V ed isch e St u dien , pp 1 30— 1 32 . .

Fo r st an zas 4 an d 5 see A p pe n d ix .

T h e h ym n h as b ee n t ran sl at ed b y We b er, I n dische St u dien , V p

. .

24 6, an d b y L u dw ig, Der R ig veda, 1 1 1 p 4 7 0 . . .

arm m m A T H A R V A VE DA
-
-
. an

HYMN CXXXIX .

T s o c h ast gro wn u p , a so u rce o f j o y t o b l ess m e with

i
p
ty
r o s er
p
A b u n dt s t h y t e n dr il s, thr e e an d th irty thy
are - -

de sce n din sh o o ts .

W i th t h i s t t b ears a t h o u san d l eaves I dry thy

h ear t an d w i t he r it .
2 L e t t hy h ear t w i th e r fo r m y l o ve an d l et thy m o u th
b e dry fo r m e .

P er ch and d ry u p w i th l o n gi ng , g o w i th l i p s t hat
l o ve o f m e hat h dri ed .

3 D ri ve u s t o g e t h er , taWn y l fai r l a go be t w een w ho -

w ak e n s l o ve .

D ri v e u s t o g e t h er , h im an d m e, an d g i ve us bot h o n e -

h ear t an d m i n d .

4 E v e n as h is m o u t h is p arch ed w ho fi n ds n o Water fo r
h is b u r ni n g th i rst ,
S o p e rch an d b u r n w i t h l o ng i ng, go wi th li ps t h at
l o ve o f m e h ath dri e d
.
‘

5 E ve n as th e M u n g o o se bi t es an d rends an d th e n
resto re s t h e Wo u n de d sn ak e ,
S o do t h o u , m i gh t y o n e , resto re th e fract u re o f o ur
se ver ed l o ve .

H Y M N C XL .

T wo t i ge rs h ave gro w n up w ho l o ng to eat the

t h er an d t h e i
s re

A w o m an s l o ve charm
’
-
.

l A sou rce of j oy n y aeti kd ; t h e

'
m ean in g o f t h e w o rd is un k n own .

5 R esto r e; the w ou nd ed m ak e t h e m u n goose [ V iverra I chn eu m o n ] is

p p
o u l ar l y b e l ie ved t o p ro t e ct i t se l f, an d c ure i t s w o u n ds rece i ved i n

e n co u n t ers w it h snak es, b y m ean s o f a m edicin al p l an t ; b u t i t is n o t

n o w cred it ed w it h t he ch ival ro u s gen erosity h ere ascrib ed t o it .

T ransl ated b y Web e r, I n disch e St u dien, V p 24 7 , . . an d by Lu dwig,

De r R igv eda, 1 11 p 51 5 . . .

A b l essin g o n a ch il d s fi rst t w o t eet h

’
.

T ran sl ated b y Gril l , H u n dert L ieder, p p 4 9, 1 7 6, . a

nd b y Zim m er,
A I L p 321
. . . . .
 m s m u s s or [ 8 0 03 V1 .

S oo th e, B rah m anasp ati , and tho u , O J htavedas, bo th

t h ese te e t h .

2 L et r ce an d
i bar l ey b e yo u r fo o d, eat al so beans and
sesam u m .

T h i s is t h e shar e al o tt ed l y ,
o u to b e y o ur p o rt io n , ye
t wo T e e t h . H arm not
y o ur m o t h er and y o u r sire .

3 B o th fe ll o w te eth hav e b een i n vok ed , g e n t l e an d

b ri ng i ng hap p i ness .

E lse w h it h er l e t th e fi ercen ess o f yo ur n at ure tu r n away ,

0 T eeth l H arm n o t y o u r m o th er o r yo ur sire .

H Y M N C XL I .

V Avu co l l ected th ese : to fi n d th e ir su st en an ce be

T vash tar s care
’

M a I n dra b l ess an d co m fo rt th em , and R u dra l o o k

t at th ey i n crease .

2 T ak e tho u t h e iro n axe and m ak e a pai r by m arks

u p o n th e i r ears .

T his sig n the A svi n s h ave i m p re ssed : l e t th ese

i n crease an d m u l t i p ly .

3 E an as Go ds an d A su ras, e ve n as m o r tal m e n have

v
i o ne
Do y e , that th e se m ay m u t l i p l y in th o usan ds, A svin s l
m ak e th e m ark .

HYMN CXLII .

SPR I NG h igh 0 B ar l e y and beco m e

, , m u ch th ro u gh
th in e o w n m ag n i fi cen ce :

A bl essing on cattl e .

1 d a col l ected these cf I I 26 l T oashtar s God who

’
. . . . as t he
m ul t ip l ies cat t l e .

T ransl ated by Lu dwig, Der R igveda, I II p 4 69 . . .

A p rayer fo r a p l en t if u l har vest .

l B ur st al l the vessel s fi l l al l t h e l arge eart hen ars in w h ich the j

ai n is st o re d t il l t h e b t w i t h t h w i h t
gr y urs e e g .

T ransl ated b y Lu d w ig, Der R i veda, 1 11 p 4 63, b y Zim m er, Al t

g
. .

in disches Leb en, p 237, an d by ril l , H undert Lieder, pp 66, 1 7 7

. . .
 BOO K V I I .

H YM N I .

T an by t h ou ght hav e g u i de d al l th at Sp e e ch
w ho
h at h b est , o r t h e y w ho w i t h t h e i r h ear t h av e
u t t e r e d w o rds o f t ru t h ,
M ade stro n ge r by t h e stre n g th w h i ch t h e t h i rd
ray e r b e st o w s, h av e by t h e fo u r th ray e r l e ar n e d
p p
t h e n at u r e o f th e C o w .

2 W ell k n o w s t h i s so n h is si re h e k n o w s h is m o t h e r ,

w e ll h e h at h b e en so n , an d h e h ath b e en illibe ral .

H e hat h e nco m passed heave n , an d ai r s m id re al m ,

’
-

an d sk y : h e h ath be co m e t h i s A l l h e h at h co m e
n i h to u s
g .

T h is in tro du ct o ry hym n is a gl o rifi cat io n of t h e p o w er of ra er

p y
an d o f Agn i .

1 Or n ot dis j un ctive here , b oth cl auses refe rri n g to th e sam e p e r

so n s . T hi r d f ou r th p r ay er m y st i c fo r m u l as of h eaven l y
P ray er — V ict o r H d
’
C T he ) the
’
. en ry . f ow n m a ( n am e m n atu r e o
e a n

in g h ere m yst i c charact er, essen ce, o r n at u re T h e C o w is V i k , V o i ce, .

T h e M il ch co w s earl iest n am e t h ey
’
S m ech, esp eciall y Pray er Cf . .
-

com p reh e n ded ( Big veda I V 1

’
. .

2 T h is son A gn i, t h e o ffsp rin g o f H eav en an d E ar th . I l l i ber al

t h is is t h e m ean in g of t h e w o rd p d n ar m aghah in t h e on ly o t h er V e d ic
va v eda V
h ym n ( A t h ar -
. 1 1 2) in. w h i ch it o ccu rs, an d it m ay r efe r

t o A g n i s fl igh t fro m h is sac ri fi cial du t ies ( RV I 65 1 X 4 6 2 3)

’
. . . . . .

an d gen e ral rel u ct an ce t o ap p ear, t h at is, t h e d iffi cu l t y of o b t ai n in g

fi re b y m eans o f t h e w ood en d ril l T h e St . . Petersb u rg Dict io n ary gi v es

an o p p o sit e m ean in g t o t h e w o rd in t h is p l ace, exp l ai n in g it , i n acco rd
I n dian il l i b eral , b u t as re peawd
’
an ce w it h an co m m en t at o r, no t as

l y gran t in g g ifts, w h i ch is A gn i s usu al ch aracte r

’ ’
.

T h e h y m n s o f t h is Boo k hav e b een t ran sl ated an d co m m en t ed b y

M V ict o r H en ry (
. J
M aiso n n eu ve : Paris
. Pro fesso L u dw ig .

g
h as t ran sl ated so m e t h irty fi ve hym n s in Der R ig veda, III
-
.
, an d Dr .

Grill fi fteen in h is H u ndert Iaeder des A thar va veda

‘

-
.
328 T H E H YM NS or [ BO OK VII .

YM N I I H .

I nvo x s fo r u s p ro cl ai m i n su n d ry p l ace s t h e k i n s
, ,

m an of t h e G o d s o u r si re A t h ar v an , ,

H is m o the r s g er m his fat h e r s b re at h t h e y o u t h fu l

’ ’

, , ,

w h o w i t h h is m i n d h ath n o t i c ed t h i s o blati o n .

N I II H YM .

—
H E i n th i s m an n e r sho w i ng fo r th h is e x p l o i ts fo r
,

h e b ri g h t G o d is o u r br o ad w ay fo r ch o o si n g
, ,
’
R o se u p t o m e e t h is stay t h e m e ad s be st p o rt i o n ,

o f h is o w n se l f h e se n t h is b o dy fo r w ard .

H YM N IV .

W I T H th i n e e l e ve n team s , t o aid o u r w i sh e s, y ea,

w i th t h y t w o an d t w e n t - -
t e am s, 0 V fly u ,
W i th all t hy t h re e and t - -
irty t eam s fo r d raw i n g ,
h e r e l o ose t hese te am s, t h o u w h o ar t p ro m p t t o
l iste n l

Praise of A t h ar v an .

l A thar van : of. IV 1 7 A t har van , as t h e d isco v ere r o f fi re an d

. . .

t h e earl iest fi re ri st i s t h e fat h e r o f A g n i, an d i n t h i s l a i id

p e p ce s e n
-
,

t i fi ed w it h h im . T he yo u thf u l : q
a fre u en t l y o ccu rring ep it het o f A gn i
as b e in g co n t in uall y re p ro d u ced .

P raise of A gn i as t h e Su n .

1 H i s stay So m a is call ed t h e m ost excel l en t p il l ar o f t h e h eav en s,

’

an d sustai n er o f t h e sk y ( Bigv eda I X 1 08 1 6, an d 1 09 . . .

A cco rdi n g to t h e R an sik e -Sfi t ra, XV . 1 1 , t he st an za is t o b e em

p l o yed i n a ch arm fo r v ict o ry in b at t l e, t he Kin g an d h is ch ario te e r

b e in g m o u n t ed o n a n e w car .

A h ym n t o V t yu t h e Go d o f t h e W in d .

1 T eam s : vi y zig bhi s used in st ead o f ( acco rd in g to t h e St P . .

Dict io n ary a fal se read in g fo r ) n i y zid bhi s t h e usu al w o rd in t h e Big

v eda fo r t h e h o rses o f V a u,
’
t h e v ie w l ess co urse rs o f t h e w in d
y .

T o aid ou r wi shes : t o h el p u s to su cce ss T h e rec it at io n o f t h e ste m .

t h ree t im e s co n cl u des t h e ce re m o n y o f b l essin g t he ho rses ( Kausi k a-

j
Sfi tra XLI See V icto r H enry s n o te
’
. .
 330 T H E m um or [ B O O K W I .

H YM N V I .

A is t h e sk y, an d ai r s m id regi o n , A d i ti is t h e
’
nn : -

fat h e r , so n , an d m o t h e r ,

A d i t i all t h e G o ds an d t h e F i ve N at i o ns , A di t i w hat
i s n o w an d w hat i s fu t ure .

2 We ca fo r he l p t h e Q ue e n o f L aw an d O rde r , g re at
ll
m o t h e r o f al l t h o se w h o se w ay s are r i h t e o u s,
g
F ar sp re ad , u n w ast i n g , st ro ng i n h e r do m i n i o n , A d i ti
-

w i se ly l ead i n g , w e ll p ro t e c t i n g .

3 S i n l e ss m ay w e asce n d, fo r w e al , t h e ve sse l , ro w ed
w i th go o d o ars, d i vi n e , t hat n e v e r l eak e t h ,
E ar t h , o u r st ro ng g u ard, i n co m parabl e H eav e n ,
A d i ti w i se ly l eadi n g , w e ll p ro t e ct i n g .

4 L et us h i t h er , in p u r su i t o f ri ch e s, A di t i w it h
br i ng
o u r w o rd , t h e m i h ty m o t h e r ,
g
H e r i n w h o se l ap t h e sp ac i o u s air i s lyi n g : m ay sh e
affo r d u s t r i p ly g u ar d i n g sh e l t e r
- '

i n fat u ate d ) can b e t he righ t read in g h er e A su b st an t i ve in t h e in st r u

. .

m en t al case is req u i red b y t h e co n t ex t M V icto r H e n ry reads m ar

. .

d /m d: w i t h t h e h ead, t hat is, w i t h t h e h o rse s head gi ven t o Dadhy ach ,

’ ’

w h ich , acco rd ing t o M Bargaign e ( R e l ig io n V édiq u e, I I p

. 4 58 ) sym .

b o l ize s A gn i o r So m a T hat m ig h t y d ee d o f yo u rs, fo r gain , 0 h e roes,

.

as t h u n der h e ral d et h th e rain , I p u b l ish , w h en b y t h e h o rse s h ead

’

A t harvan s o ffsp ri ng Dadh yach m ade k n o w n to you t he So m a s sw ee t

’ ’

n ess ( Big veda I 1 1 6

’
A cco rd ing to M V icto r H en ry s sug gest ed
’
. . .

r eadin g t h e t ran sl at io n w o u l d b e : Wi t h h ead, w it h dog t h e

h ave paid o b l at ion b u t t he m ean ing o f t h e l in e is stil l ob scure H i m : .

p ro b ab l
y gA n i .

A p rayer t o A di t i fo r h el p an d p ro t ect ion .

1 A di ti I n fi n ity p erso n i fi ed See I 9 1 , . . . n ote . T h e st anza, tak en

fro m R igveda I 89 10, is used in t h e r it ual
. . and in charm s an d in can
tat io ns.

2 T he stanza is em p l oyed i n t h e b en ed ict ion o f b oat s, in t he p re p a

rat io n o f t h e d o m est ic fi re, in b l essing t he m arriage be d, in f u n e ral s
,
and in o t h er cere m o n ies Sec M V icto r H en r s n o te
’
.
y . .

3 T ak en , w i t h a v arian t, fro m R ig veda 63 I O A cco rd in g t o X . . .

Sayana, t h e d i vin e vessel is a m etap h o r ical ex pressio n for sacrifi ce ;

b u t A d it i, in cl u d n g h eave n an d eart h , is in tend ed
i .

T he hym n has b een t ransl ated b y Lu dw ig, Der R igveda, I II p 533; . .

 m s ”r am .

H YM N V II .

I i
H av n su n g
p ra se i to D i t i
’
s so n s an d A dit l s, tho se
y l o ft y an d i nv u l n erabl e Go ds
ver .

F o r far w i t h i n t h e de pt h s o f o cean is t h e i r h o m e , an d
i n t he w o rsh i p p ai d t h e m n o n e e xce ll e t h t hese .

H YM N V II I .

G o fo rw ard on t hy w ay fro m g o o d t o be tte r E rih as

at i e c ed e t hy ste p s an d gu ide t h e e !
p p r

P lace t h is m an h e re , w i t h i n th i s eart h s e n cl o su re,

’

afar fro m foes w i t h all hi s m e n abo u t h im .

Praise of t he A dityas .

1 T h e poet gives tv
m m o t h ers, Dit i an d A dit i, to t he A dit yas . T he
fo rm er is a p erso n ifi cat io n , d ist in gu ish ed by n o special ch aract er, an d
u n k no w n t o t h e p oets o f t h e H ig v eda Sh e is m en t io n ed again in XI . .

3 4 ; XV 6 7 , an d 1 8 4 T he n am e is evo l ved from A d i t i in t h e sam e

. . . . .

w ay as Su n . a God , is fro m A su ra, a dem o n . T h ose I om it t o n o t ice

«e a w hich
t in t h is p l ace is un in t el l igi b l e . M V ict o r H enry
. su g ests
g
adva, n in e, al t h o u gh t h e n u m b er o f t h e A d ityas is at m ost eig h t .

[ m ad am abl e I-
can m ak e n o t h in g o f t h e anam dfgdm of t h e t ext w h i ch,
read an arm ti n dm , w o ul d m ean h h al m ia M H
’
- ‘
free fro m o
p t . .
y
en r

d iv id es t h e w ord am rm dgrd m , a w o rd of his o w n co i n age , w h ich m igh t

sign ify w ho do no t sp or t an d t rifl e I t h in k w ell chan ge
’
. o n e m ay as

th e w o rd in to an ar vdgdm ( u nscat he d, u n assail ed, in vu l n erab l e) w hi ch

is fre q u en tl
y ap p l ied to t h e Go ds in t h e Rg
i veda Ocean . th e sea o f air .

M H en ry
. t ran slat es : fo r their m yst erio us essen ce is t hat of the
cel est ial Ocean
’
.

Godspeed to a depart in g t ravell er .

1 P l ace addrem ed t o Brihaspat i .

T h e h ym n ap p ears, wit h variation s, in t h e A itareyae BrAh m ana, l 3 . .

1 3, as an ad dress b y t h e H o tar t o t h e sacrifi ce r, t h e w o rds fro m

‘

’
go o d t o b et t er m ean in g fro m t h is w o rl d t o h eav en . By t h e secon d l ine
the H o tar m ak es t h e So m a rem ai n in t h e sacrifi cial co u rt , and ex el s
p
th e en em y w ho w o u l d inj u re t he sacrifi cer .

T ransl ated b y Ludwig, Der R igveda, I I I p 431 . . .

332 m s H YM NS or [ B OOK V I I .

H YM N IX .

P usm m w as bo r n di stan t path w ays, o n

to m o ve o n
r o ad s re m o te fro m ear th , r e m o te fro m h eave n .

T o bo t h m o st l o ve ly p laces o f asse m bly h e t rav e l s

an d r e t u r n s w i th p e rfe ct k no w le dg e .

2 P ush an k n o w s al l th ese r eal m s : m ay h e co nd uct u s

by w ay s that are m o st fre e fro m fear and dan ger .

Gi ver o f b l essm g s gl o w i n al l h ero i c m ay h e t h e

g
, , ,

w i se an d w at ch fb l g o b e o r e u s .

3 We are th y p rai sers he re 0 P ushan : n ever l et us ,

b e i nj u r ed u n de r th y p ro tec ti o n .

4 F ro m o u t t he distan ce far an d w ide m ay P ushan , ,

st retch his r i g h t h an d fo rt h .

L e t h im dr i ve b ack o u r l o st to u s l et u s ret ur n w i th ,

w hat is l o st .

YM N X H .

T H A T b reast o f t h i n e e xh au stl e ss an d deligh tfu l go o d

, ,

t o i n vo k e b e n e fi c e n t fre e g i ve r
, , ,

W h e re w i t h th o u feede st al l thi n gs t hat are ch o i cest ,

br i ng th at Sarasvati t h at w e m ay drai n it
, , .

A p rayer fo r p rot ectio n an d recovery o f l ost p rop erty .

1 PM as t he S un , all seei n g,
-
gu ide o f travell ers, an d gu ard ian
o f cat t l e an d p p
ro er t yin gen eral Both p l aces of . ru m
c bl y heaven an d

eart h . Stan zas l an d 2 are tak en from R ig veda X . 1 7 6, 5

. .

3 P ro tecti on or dom in io n . T h is an d t he fo l l o wing st an za are

t ak en fro m Bg
i veda V I 54 , 9, 1 0 . .

A p rayer fo r t h e favo ur o f Sarasvat i .

E xham tk u a a
sg s /sir , p u rsu in g t h e h are, is u n in te ll igi b l e h ere, an d
I t ran sl at e t h e readi n g gagayd o f t h e Bigveda hym n Bu t see M . .

’
H en ry s n o t e .

T he stan za, t ak en , w i th t h is varian t, fro m Rgi ved a I 1 6 4 4 9,

i
.s .

u sed to soo t h e an in fan t seized b y Jam b ha, t hat is, p ro b ab l y, when

t eet hi n g . Sec I I 4 3,
. . an d no te .
.
334 m s m u ms or [s oar mt .

H YM N X III .

A th e Su n , risi ng , tak e th to h i m sel f th e b right n ess

s
o f t h e stars,

S o I assu m e t he g l o ry o f w o m en and m e n m i n e
e n e m i es.

2 A l l y e am on
g m y i
r va s l w ho b eh o l d m e as I co m e
t o yo u ,
I se i ze t he g l o ry of m
y fo e s as t he S u n , i i
r s ng , th eirs
w h o sl eep .

H YM N S XI V .

I P RA I SEth i s G o d , p ar e n t o f h eaven an d ear th , e x

c e ed in g w i se , o ssesse d o f real e n e r y , i r of
p g g ve
t reasu re , t h i n k er dear to al l ,
2 W ho se Sp l e n do ur is su bl im e w h o se li gh t sh o n e ,

b rilli an t in creati o n w h o w ise an d g o l de n h an ded

, , ,
-
,

i n his b e au t y m ade t h e sk y .

3 A s th o u G o d ! q u i ck e n i n g fo r o u r an c i e n t fath e r
, , ,

se n te st hi m h e i h t ab o v e an d ro o m ab o u t h i m
g ,

S o u n to u s 0 Sav i tar se n d t reasures ab u ndan t day

, , , ,

by day in shap e o f cat tl e

, .

A ch arm t o w in su p erio r ity o ver foes and rival s .

2 T hei r s w ho sl eep the co m p ariso n o r il l ustrat io n is vag u e. T he

m ean ing is, p rob ab l y, as M H en ry say s : I have su rp rised m y rival s
.

b y t ak in g t h e ir gl o ry t o m yself in t he sam e m an n er as t h e sun su r

p ri ses l at e sl ee p e rs .

T ransl ated b y Lu d wig, II I .

p 24 1 .
, an d b y Gril l , H un dert Lieder,
pp .23, 1 7 9 .

A p rayer, fo r p rosp erity, t o Sav i tar as th e V ivifi er o r Ge n erat o r .

'

1 Stan zas l an d 2 are t ak en fro m Sfim aveda I V n 3 8 T hi s God

’
. . . . .

Savit ar, t h e Su n P aren t : savi tdm m Of heaven an d ear th org /or

’
. .

o ntoe l it eral l y, t w o b o w l s u sed in t h e p reparat ion of the Som a j ui ce ,

an d , fi gu rat i vel y , h eaven an d e art h re gard ed as t w o h em i sp h ere s . In

h i s beau ty legip d;
-
as su ggest ed i n Pro f . Wh itn ey s ’
I ndex V erb orum ,
t he krip dt
'

m ust be read in st ead of of t he text .

mu m m e A R m VE DA . 335

4 Sav i tar , Go d, o u r h o u seh o l d fr i e n d , m o st p reci o us,

h at h se n t o u r fat h e rs li fe an d p o w er an d r i c h e s .

W
L e t h i m d ri n k S o m a an d re o ic e w he n w o rshi pp ed
'

U n de r h is l aw e ve n t h e an de rer t rav e ls .

H Y M N XV .

I on o o sr , O S av i tar , t h at g l o ri o u s favo u r , wi th
fru i t fu l e n erg y an d e v e ry b l e ssi n g ,

E v e n t h i s o n e s te e m i n g c o w , e rst m il k ed by Kanva,
’

t h o u san d st ream e d, m ilk e d fo r h ap p i n e ss by t h e

-

m i gh t y .

B Y M N XV I .

I ncassss t h i s m an B ri hasp at i l Ill um e h im , 0 S av i t ar,

fo r h i g h an d h ap p y fo r tu n e .

S har p e n h im t h r o u g h ly t h o u gh al r eady sh ar pe n ed
w i t h g l ad accl ai m l e t al l t he Go ds r ece i v e h i m .

Y M N XV II
H .

M A Y th e O rdai n e r g i v e u s w eal t h L o rd ru l e r o f the , ,

w o r l d o f li fe w i t h fu ll h an d m ay h e g i v e to u s .

4 T he Wanderer : th e S u n w h o jo u rn eys ro u n d t he sk y.

T h e hym n abo u n ds in p lay s u po n t h e root an , fro m w h ich Savi tar,

an d sdv i m an ( creat io n ) are fo rm ed, an d w h i ch m eans t o p ress o r p o ur
o u t ( So m a j
u i ce )
’
as w el l as
‘
t o sen d
’
H en ce in t he r it u al o f t h e
.

A t h ar vans t h e t w o st an zas are recited, du r in g t h e p u ri fi cat io n o f t he

j
So m a u ice, b y a p riest w h o h o l ds go l d in h is han d o r w ears a go ld
ring w it h re feren ce t o t he golden -hand ed of t h e text .

A charm fo r div in e favo u r an d fel icity .

I T hi s one s : Sav itar s C ow : th e em b l em Kanva :

’
th e
’
. of p l en t y .

fam o u s R i shi o f t h e R igveda .

A p rayer fo r p rosp erit y .

T h e stan za is em p l oyed in vario us in can tat io ns, an d al so in t h e

r it u al t o w ak e t h e sl ee in g i t b i h a a t a i ta i ti a at o
p p r es s r sp e s c r sc p
bo dhayet V ai t fi na S fi tra V 9 I n t h e l at te r case thi s m an , enam ( h u n g)
.
-
. .

w il l be this Go d , t h at is, A gn i
’
See M H enry s n ote
’
. . .

A p rayer fo r w eal t h an d ch il dren .

I T h e Or dai n er Dh fit ar regarded in t h is hym n m o re esp ecial l y as

t h e Up h o l der o f t h e sacram en t o f m arria e see II
g ( 3 6 2, an d n o t e). . .

an d t h e give r o f ch il d ren .
336 T H E ar u r s or [so ar VI I .

2 M ay B h atar g ran t th e w o rsh i p pe r h e n ce for th im e

p e bl e li fe
r sh a i .

M ay w e o btai n t h e fav o u r of the G od wh o g i veth

e v e ry b o o n .

3 T o h im m ay k i n ds o f bl e ssi ngs w h o ,
Dh fitar gran t al l
crav i n g ch il d re n , se r ve s h i m i n h is d w e lli n g .

H i m m ay th e Go ds i n vest w i th li fe ete r n al, ye a, al l

t h e Go ds an d A d i t i acco rdan t .

4 M p l
our
e as e S av i tar
g i f tR At i B h fitar , , ,

ati an d A g n i L o rd o f T reasu r es
, .

M ay T vash tar V i shnu bl e ssi n g h im w i t h ch il dr e n

, , ,

g i v e st o re o f r i ch e s t o t h e sa c r i fi ce r .

H Y M N X V III .

B o ner o p e n P ri th i vi an d c le ave asu nde r th is cel es

, ,

t i al cl o u d .

— —
U n t i e O t tar fo r th o u canst th e bo tt le o f th e
,

breast o f h eave n .

L e t no t th e Su n s h e at b u rn n o r co ld de st roy h er
’
2 , .

M t E arth w i th al l h e r q u i ck e n i n g d rO p s b u rst o p e n .

E ve n fo r h e r t h e w ate rs fl o w , an d fat ne ss : wh e re
S o m a is e ve n th e re is bli ss fo r e ver .

4 R dti g if t ; t h e O b l at ion p erson i fie d as a Go d dess .

A prayer fo r rain .

1 P ri thi vi m ean in g h ere Earth perso n ifi ed, b u t a de ity of

n ot

t he m iddl e air o r fi rm am en t : d ci r a d
p pr i thi vi , sa ys S i y ap a : Pri t h i vi
h as t wo fo rm s T h o u , o f a t ru th, 0 Prit h i v i, b earest t h e to o l t hat
.

reads t he h il l s : T ho u ri ch in t o rren ts w h o w it h m igh t qu ick e n est

igh ty o n e ( R ig veda V 8 4 l )
’
ear th , 0 m T he bo ttl e of the br east of
. . .

heaven : Wh o can n u m b e r t he cl o u ds in w isdom ? Or w ho can st ay

of ( b
’
t h e b o t t l es h eaven l Jo , 38 .

2 H er : Ear t h .

T he h ym n is em pl o yed al so in charm s to avert in u n dat io ns . See

Xau sika Sfitra 0 1 11 3, and Web er s Om i na un d Port en ts, p 366
’
-
. . .
338 T H E H rm vs or [ 3 003 VI I .

5 A n u m at i
h ath co m e t o t h i s o u r w o rsh i p w e ll fo rm e d
t o g i v e g o o d l an ds an d v ali an t h ero es
F o r h er k i n d care h at h bl e ssed u s Go d p ro tected, .
-

m ay sh e assi st t he sac r i fice w e o ffe r .

6 A n u m at i b ecam e t h i s A l l , w h ate v er stan de th o r

w al k e t h , e v e ry th i n g t hat m o ve t h .

M ay w e e nj o y th y grac i o u s l o ve , O Go ddess R egard .

u s, 0 A n u m at i , w i t h fav o u r .

H Y M N XXI .

W IT H p ra e r c o m e al l
y t o g et h e r t o t h e Lo rd o f H eave n
h e is t h e p e e r l e ss o n e , far reach i n g , g u e st o f m e n
-
.

H e , G o d o f an c i e n t t i m e , h ath gai n e d a r e ce n t t h rall

t o hi m al o n e is t u r n e d t h e p at h w h i ch all m ust t r ead .

H Y M N XXII .

U NT O a th o u san d sag es h e h ath gi ven si gh t th o ugh t ,

li gh t is h e i n ran g i n g al l .

2 T h e B r ig h t O n e hath sen t fo r th th e Daw n s a cl o se ly ,

ath er e d b an d
g ,

I m m ac u late u n an i m o u s b righ tly re ful ge n t i n th eir

, ,

h o m es .

YM N XXIII H .

a fearfu l dream an d i n dig e n ce t h e m o n ster th e

, , ,

m ali n an t h ag s
g ,

A ll fe m al e fi e n ds o f e vil n am e an d w i ck ed to ngu e
w e dr i ve afar .

A st an za to b e re cit ed at a fu n eral .

l T he Lor d of heaven ; h ere Y am a m ust h e m ean t A r ecen t thr al l

t h e m an w h o se f u n eral r ites are b ein g p e rfo rm ed .

w it h som e o f Savit ar s at t rib u tes

’
T o Savi t ar, or t o Y am a in v este d .

1 I f, as M V ict o r H t h i n k s, Y am a is t h e Go d o f t he h ym n ,
.
y en r

sigh t m eans l if e in t h e w o r ld o f t h e depart ed T h e h ym n is v ery .

d iffi cu l t, an d n o sen se can b e m ad e o f it w it h o u t al t erat io n s o f t h e

’
te xt I h av e ad op t ed th ose p ro p ose d b y M H
. . en ry, Le Li vre V I I de l
A t h ar va veda, p 62
-
. .

A charm i
to b an sh fi en ds an d trou b l es .
11 m m w e A T H A R V A VE DA-
. 333

H Y M N XXIV .

WH A T tre asu re h ath b e en d u g fo r us by I n dra by ,

A g n i , V isv e de v as, t u n e fu l M aru t s,

O n u s m ay S av i tar w h o se l aw s are fai th fu l , P raj fip ati,
an d H e av e n ly G r ace b esto w i t .

Y M N XX V
H .

T ar e arly m or n i ng p ray er h at h co m e to V i sh nu an d
V ar u na Lo rds t h r o u gh m i gh t w h o m n o n e hath
, ,

e q u all e d ,

G o ds by w h o se p o w er th e real m s o f air were stabli sh ed ,

st ro n ge st an d m o st h e ro i c in t h e i r v i o u r
g .

2 T h e e ar ly p ray er h at h e ve r c o m e t o V i sh nu an d
V ar u na by th at G o d s h i gh p o w e r an d st at u t e
’

I n w h o se c o n tr o l i s al l t h i s w o rl d t h at sh i n e th ,

al l t h at h ath p o w e rs t o se e an d al l t h at b r e ath e t h .

H Y M N XX V I .

I WI LL declare t h e m i gh t y de e ds o f V i sh nu o f h im ,

re i o n s

t
w h o m easu r e d o u t t h e eart g ,

W h o p ro p p e d t h e h igh e st p ace o f co n gr e atio n ,

t h rice se t ti n g do w n h is fo o t st e p w i de ly et ri in g , .

2 L o u d b o ast do t h V i sh nu m ak e o f th i s ach i e v e m en t li k e ,

so m e w il d b e ast dr e ad w li m o u n tai n ro am i n g
p r o n
g
-
.
, , ,

M ay h e ap p ro ach u s fr o m t h e fart he st d i stan c e .

A p raye r fo r rich es .

T u nef u l al l u din g t o t h e wil d m usic o f th e win ds, th e th un der

’
p sal m o f t h e S to rm Go d s-
.

A p rayer o f p raise to V ish nu an d V aru na .

2 T hat God s : S firya t h e Sun Go d is in t en ded

’
-
.

T ran sl at ed b y L u dw ig , Der R igveda, II I p 4 29 . . .

I n p rai se of V ish nu .

1 T h e stan za is fo u n d in R ig veda I 1 54 1 . . T he highest p l ace of

.

congr egati on : h eav en, w h ere t h e Go d s are asse m b l ed T hri ce : at .

r isin g , c u l m i n at ion , an d se tt i n
g; V ish nu b e i n g t h e S u n .

2 T h e stan za is a co m b in ati on , with v arian ts, of Bigveda I 154 2

“
. .

an d X 1 80 2
. . .
340 m s s aw s or [ n ear V I I .

3 Th o u w i th i n t h ree w i de e xte n de d p aces

w h o se -
al l

w o r l ds an d c re at u r e s h av e th e i r h abi t at i o n ,

Dr i n k o il , th o u h o m ed i n o il ! p ro m o te t h e sacrifi cer

m o r e an d m o r e .

4 T h ro u g h al l th i s w o r l d st r o de V i sh nu : th r i ce h is
foo t b e p l an t e d, an d th e w h o l e
W as gath ered in h is fo o tste p s du st
’
.

5 V i sh nu t h e gu ardi an , h e w h o m no ne dece i vet h , m ad e

t h ree st ep s, t h e n ce fo r th
E stablish i n g th ese h igh decre es .

6 L o o k y e o n V i shnu s w o rk s, wh ere by the fr i e n d of

’

I ra, l se al li ed,
n d c o -

H at h l e t h is h o ly w ays b e see n .

7 T h e p r i n ces e ve rm ore b eho ld t hat l o fti est p l ace w h ere

V ishnu is,
Lik e an e x t e n ded eye i n h eave n .

8 F ro m h eave n , O V i sh nu ,
or fro m e arth , 0 V i sh nu ,

fro m t h e g reat far sp readi n g ai r s m id re i o n

’
or ,
- -
g
F il l b o th t h y h an ds fu ll o f abu n dan t t reasu res,
an d fro m th e r i ght an d l eft b estow th em free ly .

3 T h e fi rst l in e o ccu rs in Rgi v eda I 1 54 2 . . . R om a! in oil d well

in g in t h e m o l t en b u t te r used in sacri fi ce .

4 T h is st an za an d t he t h ree th at foll o w it are fo un d in Rgi v ed a I .

22 1 7 — 20 I n hi q f oot sup
’
. . igh ty was
s du st so m V ish nu t h at t h e
d ust raised b y his foo t st ep s en vel o p ed t h e w ho l e w o rl d, or t he earth

w as fo rm ed fro m t h e dust o f h is st r ides .

7 T he p r i nce: Sflris, w eal th y h o useho l ders w h o instit u te sacrifi ces

an d rem un erate t h e o fi ciat i n g p riests .

See M ui r, 0 S T exts, I V 63, 68, where stanzas 1 — 7 un transl ated

. . .

an d t h oro u gh l y discussed .
34 2 T H E H YM N S or [ BOOK VI I .

Y M N XXX H .

H E A V EN E arth an d M i t ra h er e hav e cau sed m i n e

, ,

e y e s t o b e an o i n te d w e ll ,

S av i tar B rah m anasp at i tak e care that th e y b e d u ly

,

b al m ed !
H Y M N XXXI .

R o u se u s t o d ay O I n d ra M ag h av an h ero w i th
-
, , ,

t h y best p o ssibl e an d v ar i e d su cc o u r s .

M ay h e w h o h ate t h u s fal l l o w b e n e at h u s and h i m ,

w h o m w e de t e st l e t li fe aban do n .

H Y M N X XXII .

W m br i ng i n g h o m age h av e ap p ro ach e d t h e fr i en d
w h o se e k s o u r w o n d e r i n g p rai se ,

Y o u n g st re ngth en er o f th e sacr ific e M ay h e besto w

, .

l o ng li fe o n m e .

H Y M N XXXIII .

L s r Push an l e t t h e M aru t s l e t B ri h asp at i p o u r

'
, ,

fo r th o n m e
T h i s p re se nt A g n i p o u r on m e ch i ldren and r c h es i
i n a st re am 1
M ay h e b est o w l o ng li fe on m e .

A ch arm acco m a i t h a i n t in g o f e es
p y g
n n e n o y .

T h e stan za is u se d in an o in t in g th e Y fi p a o r sacr ifi c ial p o st ( V ai t fi na

Sfi tra X 5) . an d i n t h e God An am cere m o n y ( A . V . II . w h en the

yo u t h s
’
e
y es are an o i n t ed as p art o f th e p ro ced u re ( Kan ni k e S fi t ra
-

L IV .

A p ray er fo r t h e ove rth ro w o f en em ies .

T h e stan za is t ak en , wi t h v arian t s, fro m R ig veda I I I 53 21 . . .

A p rayer fo r l o n g l ife, add ressed t o A gn i .

T he st anza is tak e n , excep t i n g t h e fi n al p dda, fro m R igv eda IX .

67 29
. .

A prayer for l o ng l ife, chil dren, an d ri ch es.

1m m T H E A T H A R V A V E DA -
. 34 3

YM N XXXI V H .

A GNI dri v e o ff m y r i val s bo rn an d li v i n g rep e l th o se

, ,

t u n b o r n O Jstav e das
y e , .

C ast do w n b e n eath m y feet m i n e adversari es I n .

A di ti s regard m ay w e b e si n l ess
’
.

Y M N XXXVH .

S c ene s w i th co n q u eri n g m igh t h is o th er r i val s th o se ,

y e t u n b o r n r e
p e l O J s t av e d as , .

F o r g r eat fe li ci t y p ro t e ct t h i s k i n gdo m an d in th is ,

m an l e t all th e G o ds b e j o fu l
y .

H YM N XX XV I .

S w ssr are th e g l an ces o f o u r e y es , our faces are as

sm o o t h as bal m .

W i th i n t h y b oso m har b o u r m e ; o n e sp r i it dw el l in
bo t h o f us !
H Y M N XXX V I I .

W rrn th i s m y ro b e i n h eri ted fr o m

, M an u , I en v e o p l
t hee ,
S o t h at t h o u m ayst b e al l i
m n e o wn an d g i ve no

t h o u gh t t o o th er dam es .

A p rayer for freedom fro m sin , an d t h e o vert hr o w o f en em ies.

A p rayer fo r t h e p rosp erity o f a Kin g an d h is k in gdo m .

S tanzas 2 an d 3 have a t o tal l y d ifferen t ob ect See A p p en dix j . .

A to b e p ro n o u n ced b y b rid e an d b ri degroo m

ch arm .

Sm oo th as bal m ’
t he pai r an o i n t each o t h er s ey es as p art of t he
K d ra LX XI X
m ar riage cerem o n y ( auni k a S t -
.

T ran sl ated b y Gril l , pp 55, 1 7 9 . .

A n u p t ial ch ar m , sp o k en b y t h e b ride .

F r om M am e t h e fat h er M an , t h e Ol d Ge rm an Man n ns,

o f m an kin d,

w it h referen ce t o th e gr eat an t iq u i t y o f t h e cus t om S ee M H en ry s

’
. .

n ot e.
344 m s g ram s or [ BOOK m .

H
Y M N XXX V III .

I me th is H eali ng H erb th at m ak e s m y l o ver l oo k

on m e an d w ee p
T h at bids th e p art i ng fri e n d r etu rn an d k i nd ly gre ets
h im as he co m es .

2 H e r b w h e re w i t h t h e A su ri dre w I n dra do w n
Th i s
w ard fr o m t h e Go ds,
W i t h t h i s sam e H erb I draw th ee cl o se that I m ay
b e m o st dear t o t h e e .

3 Th o u ar t th e p eer o f S om a, yea, tho u art th e equ al

o f th e Su n ,

T h e p eer o f al l th e Go ds ar t th o u th ere fo re w e call

t h e e h i th er w ard .

4 I am th e sp eak er h e re, n o t tho u : sp e ak t h o u w h ere

t h e asse m bly m ee ts .

Th o u sh al t b e m i n e an d o n ly m i ne, an d n ever m e n
t i o n o th e r dam es .

5 I f t h o u ar t far aw ay b ey o n d th e r i v e rs, far aw ay

fr o m m e n ,
T h is H e rb sh all see m to bi n d t h ee fast and b ri n g
t h e e back m y p r i so n e r .

H YM N XXXIX .

M A Y he m aste r o f r i ch e s,
e stabli sh i n o u r h o m e t h e

g l ad de n i n
g w i t h r ai n i n seaso n ,

M ig hty , st ro n g w i ng e d, ce l est ial , dro p p i ng m o rst u re ,

-

B u l l o f t h e p l an ts an d e m b ry o o f w ate r s .

A m aide n s l o ve-charm
’
.

2 T he J au ri a fem al e fi en d, n am ed V iliste ngh acco rdi n g to t he

l egend See W eb er, I n d isch e St u d ien , V p 250
.
. . .

3 T ho u add ressed to t h e p l an t .

4 A dd ressed to t h e m an sh e l o ves .

by Web er 1 , . S V . . 24 9, b y Lu dwig, III . 51 5, an d b y

Grill , pp 59, 1 7 9 . .

A sacrifi ci al ch arm fo r rain an d p rosp e ri t y.

l H h h fo r catt l e M ast r of r i ches

'

g
om e :
e l i t al l f l d
g ; oee r
y,
o or p en .

e
o r, w eal thy po ssessor I n season. abhip atde t h e m ean i ng o f t he
34 6 T H E H YM NS OI" [ 8 0 0K VI I .

M ay h e , w i th I n dra fo r a fr i e n d au sp ic i o u s travers , ,

i n g al l ai r s l o w er real m s co m e h i t h e r
’
.
,

2 T h e h e av e n ly F al co n v i e w i n g m en w e ll p i n i o n ed , ,
-
,

st r en gt h g i v e r h u n dre d fo o t e d h u n dr e d n est e d
-
,
-
,
-
,

S h all g i v e u s t reasu re w h i ch w as t ak e n fro m u s .

M ay i t b e r i ch i n fo o d am eng o u r F ath ers

‘

H Y M N XLII .

Scarr sn an d dr i v e aw ay S o m a an d R u dra t h e si ck , ,

n e ss t h at h at h c o m e w i t h i n o u r d w e lli n
g .

A far i n t o t h e di stan ce ch ase D estr u ct i o n an d e ven ,

fro m co m m i t t e d si n r e l e ase u s .

2 L ay o n o u r b o di e s 0 y e t w ai n O So m a an d R u d ra
, , ,

al l th o se bal m s t h at h e al d i se ase s .

S e t fr e e an d draw aw ay t h e si n co m m i tt ed w hi ch w e ,

h av e st ill i nh er e n t i n o u r p erso n s .

H Y M N XLII I .

S OM E o f thy w o rds b o de w e al an d so m e m i sfo rt u n e

th o u scat ter est th e m all w i th fr i e n dly fe e l i n g .

2 H u n dr ed f oo ted exceed in gl y sw ift H u nd red n ested v isi t in g an d

-
.
-

rest in g fo r a w h il e i n co u n t l ess l R i h i d l i h
p aces c n f oo : su pp y g
n t .e
m ean s o f o fferi n g l ib at io n s to t h e M anes o f o u r an cesto rs .

On t h e st ren gth o f t h e w o rd hom e o r h o u se in t h e fi rst l in e, t h e hym n

i s u sed i n t h e cerem o n y o f b l essi n g t h e const ru ct io n o f a n ew h o use
( K a u nik a S fi t ra L I II X an d p ur ify
. i n g t h e gro u n d o n w h i ch i t is
to stan d See M H en ry s n o t e
’
. . .

A p rayer fo r deli very fro m sin an d sick n ess .

l T h e hy m n is tak en , w it h var iat io ns, fro m R igveda V I 7 4 2, 3 A nd . . .

even f r om com m i t ted si n r el ease as tak e n f ro m R igveda I 24 9 — the . .

o rigin al h m n V I 7 4 2 has : m a o u rs b e excel l en t an d ha

’
r ies
( ) l
‘
y .
y .
p py g o .

A charm against l igh t n in g, add re ssed to Par j an ya .

Wor ds m u t t erin gs o f t h e t h u n de r -
cl o u d. Weal in th e sh ap e of
rain . M isf or tu ne : in t h e sh ap e o f dest ru ct ive l igh t n in g Wi th i n th i s .

o r, h im : t h e cl o u d o r t h e Go d T hr ee w o rds d en o t in g t h u n der , rain ,

.

l igh t n in g Of t h e h ym n to Par anya ( R V V I I

. . j 1 ) w h ere t h ree . . .

w o rd s are said to d raw d o w n t h e n ectar fro m t h e cl o ud On e hath .

fl o wn of a m e re cl ap o f t h un d er h as b ee n b oard, w h ic h p assed a w a y
w it h ou t rain o r l igh t n in g .

A cco rd in g t o Kan nik e — Sa X

t ra LV I 1 , t h e stanza is to b e recit ed as
.

a charm to reb u t a cal um n ious accusat ion .

3m m TH E ”H u m me r s . 34 7

De ep w th n th s t h r e e w o rds ar e
i i i l ai d am o n g them
o ne hat h fl o w n o ff e ve n as t he so u n d w as u t t e re d .

Y M N XLI V H .

Y E t w ai n h av e co n q u e re d an d hav e n o t b e e n v an ,

q u i sh e d n o t e i t h e r o f t h e
p ai r h at h b e e n d e fe at e d .

Y e I n dr a V i sh nu w h e n y e fo u gh t y o u r battl e ;
, ,

p ro d u c e d t h i s i n fi n i t e w i t h t h r e e d i v i si o n s .

H YM N X L V .

B R O UGH T h i th er w ard fr o m S i n dh u fro m a fo l k o f ,

e v ery m i n g l e d r ace ,

F e t ch e d fro m afar t h o u ar t I deem a bal m th at , ,

c u r e t h j e al o u sy .

A s o n e w i th w at er qu e n ch et h fi re so cal m t h i s l o v er s
’
2 ,

j eal o u sy ,

Lik e h e at o f fir e t h at b u r n e th h ere o r flam e t hat ,

r ag e th th ro u g h th e w o o d .

.
H Y M N XLV I .

O BR OA D T R ESSED -
S in i v al i , t h o u w h o art th e s st e r o f
i
th e Go ds ,

A c ce t t h e o ffe red sacr ifi ce an d, G o ddess, g ran t us

p ,

p ro
g en y .

I n p raise o f I n dra an d V ish nu .

T hi s i nfi n i te w i th thr ee d i vi si o ns t h e vast w o rld w it h al l its crea

t ures ; t h e t h ree d iv isio ns are h eav en , fi r m am en t , an d eart h .

T h e stanza, t ak en w it h v arian ts f ro m B V V I 69 8, is, acco rd in g . . . .

t o Kaunik a Sfi tra XL I I 6, to b e used as a charm t o reco n cil e t w o

-
.

en em ies .

A charm against eal o usy J .

l S i n dh u t h e I n d u s F r o m . a arf o b tai n ed w it h d ifi cu l ty, an d

t h erefo re m o re e ffi cacio u s .

T ransl ated b y We b er, I n d isch e St u d ien , V p 250, b y Lu d w ig, I I I . . .

51 4 , an d b y Grill , H un dert Lied er, pp 29, 1 80 . .

A ch arm fo r o fihp ri n g an d p rosp e r it y .

1 S tan zas 1 an d 2 are t ak en fro m Big veda I I 32 6 7 Si n tvdl t . . . .

a l u n ar Go d dess, t h e day o f N e w M oon p e rso n ifi ed, w h o aids t h e b irt h

o f chil dren Sec I I 26 2
. . . .
34 3 T H E an u s or [ BO OK m .

2 P rese n t t h e sacr i fi c e t o h e r t o S i n i vfi l i ,Q u e e n o f m e n , ,

i
B e au t u lf fi n
g
-
e re d l o v e l y a r m, e d p r o
-
lific b e ar
, i n
g ,

m an y a ch il d .

d G d
’

3 T h o u w h o a s Q u ee n o f m e n a r t I n r a s e q u a l a o ,

d e ss co m i n g w i th a t h o u san d t re sse s ,

To t h e e o u r sa cr ifi c e s a r e p e r fo r m e d 0 C o n so rt o f ,

V i sh nu Go dde ss u rg e t h y L o rd to b o u n ty l ,

H Y M N XLV I I .

O rr in th i s sac rifi ce w it h favo u r e d cry I call Ku h fi ,

b e n e fi ce n t G o dde ss sk il l e d i n al l h er w o r k s
, .

M ay sh e v o u ch safe u s w eal th w i t h e v e ry b o o n an d ,

i v e a he r o m e e t fo r p rai se w h o g i v e s a h u n dr e d g i fts
g ,

2 K u h n th e Q u e e n o f G o ds an d i m m o rtal i ty c all e d to
, ,

assi st e nj o y t h i s sac r ifi c e o f o u r s
,

L e t h e r de si r o u s o f o ur w o rsh i p h e ar t o d ay m ay
, ,
-

sh e i n t e lli g e n t g i v e i n c r e ase o f o ur w eal th

, , .

H Y M N X L V III .

I C A LL o n R ék a w i th fair l an d an d re v e ren t cry

m ay sh e au sp i c i o u s h e ar u s an d h e rse l f o b se r ve
, , .

W i t h n e ve r b re ak i ng n e e d l e m ay sh e se w h e r w o r k
-
,

an d se n d a g l o r i o u s m an w h o g i ve s a h u n dr e d g i fts .

2 A l l t hy k i n d fav o u rs R fik fi ! l o ve ly i n t h e i r fo rm
, ,

w h e r e w i t h t h o u g rau t est t re asu r e s to t h e m an

:

w h o g i v e s,
W i th t he se c o m e th o u t o u s t h is day b e n e vo l e n t
.
,

O b l e sséd o n e b e st o w i n g w eal th o f th o u san d so rts

,
.
.

A p rayer fo r w eal t h an d t h e b ir t h o f a so n .

1 Ku h d th e Go d dess o f t h e W an i n g M oo n, p resid in g over ch il d

b irt h
. T h e p h ase s o f t h e M oo n re p resen te d b y Ku h ti an d o th e r l u n ar
Go d desses v ary co n sid erab l y, as t h ey w ere n o t p recisel y de term i n ed
ti l l m o re rece n t t im es .

A p ray er fo r p rosp erity an d t h e b irt h o f a so n .

1 T h e h y m n is tak en , w i t h v ar iat io n s, fro m R ig ved a I I 32 4 5 . . . .

m a: a Go dd ess asso ciat ed w it h ch il d b irt h an d p residin g o ver t h e

act u al d ay o f f u l l m oo n , A n u m at i ( see I I 26 2) b ei ng st ri ct l y t h e Go d
. .

d ess o f th e p recedi n g day wh en the m oon rises on e digi t l ess than f u ll .

350 T H E an u s or [ BOO K VI ] .

4 W i th th e e t o aid us m ay we w in th e t re asu r e
do t h o u i
ass st o u r sy b at t l e i de in e v er .

Gi v e u s w i de ro o m an d e asy w ay 0 I n dra ; break ,

’
do w n 0 M agh av an t h e fo e m e n s val o u r
, ,
.

5 I h av e c o m p l e te ly cl e an e d t h e e ou t w o n fr o m t h e e ,

w h at t h o u k e p t est back .

A s a w o l f t ears an d r e n ds a sh ee p so do I t e ar th y ,

stak e aw ay .

6 Y ea by su p er i o r p l ay o n e g ai n s ad van tag e : i n t i m e
,

h e p il e s h is sp o il as do t h a g am bl e r .

’
H e o v er w h e l m s w i th w eal t h s i n h er en t p o w e rs t he
d e v o t ee w h o k e ep s n o t b ack h is ri ch e s .

7 M ay w e al l m u ch i n v o k ed ! r e p e l w i th cat t l e w an t
,
-

t h at b r i n gs si n h u n g e r w i t h st o r e o f b ar l ey
,
.

M ay w e u n i nj u red fi r st am o n g t he p ri n ces o b tai n

, ,

o sse ssi o n s by o u r o w n e x e rt i o n s
p .

8 M y r i gh t h an d h o l ds m y w i n n i n gs fast an d i n m y ,

l e ft is v i cto ry .

I w o u l d th at I w ere w i n n er o f cat tle an d h o rses ,

w e al th an d g o l d .

9 D i c e gi v e m e p l ay th at b r i n ge th fru i t as t w e re
’
,

a c o w w i t h fl o w i n g m il k 1

A n d as t h e b o w st r i n g bi n ds th e b o w u n i te m e w i th
, ,

a stre am o f g ai n s .

4 T ak en fro m Rg
i v eda I 1 02 4 . . .

5 I have com p l etel y cl eaned thee ou t j

a co n ect u ral t ran sl at io n
of t h is l in e is al l t h at can b e gi ven t h e p recise m ean in g of sd m l i lchi
tam an d sam r ddham , p ro b ab l y t ech n ical o r sl an g e xp ressio n s, b e in g
u n disco v erab l e .

6 T h is an d t h e fo l l o w in g stan za are t ak e n , w it h varian ts , fro m

V . X
4 2 9, 1 0
. H e : t h e die
. . See Lu dw ig, I I I 455, an d Gril l ,
. .

pp 7.1, 1 80 .
H YM N m s A T H A R VA V E DA -
. 351

H Y M N LI .

B nm A SPA n ’
p ro t e c t u s fr o m t h e i
s n n e r, fro m rear w ar d,
fr o m a o ve , an d
b fr o m b e l o w u s l
M ay I n dra fro m t h e fr o n t an d fr o m t h e ce n tr e , as
fr i e n d t o fri e n ds, v o u ch safe u s r o o m an d fr e edo m .

H Y M N LI I .

G I V E u s agr eem en t w i th o u r o w n , w i th strangers g i ve

us un i ty
D o ye , O A nv i n s, in t hi s p l ace j oin us in s y m p ath y
an d l o ve .

2 M ay w e agree i n m i n d, agre e i n p u rp o se l et us not

fi gh t ag ai n st th e h eav e n ly sp i r i t .

A ro u nd us di n o f fr e q u e n t sl au gh te r, n or
i
r se no

I n dra s arro w fly , fo r day i s p re sen t 1

’

H Y M N LI II .

A s t h o u , B rih asp at i , fr o m t h e cu r se h ast sav e d u s,

fr o m dw e lli n g y o n de r i n th e r e al m o f Y am a,
T h e A sv i n s, l e e ch es o f t h e Go ds, O A g n i , h av e
ch ase d D e at h far fro m u s w i t h m i g h ty p o w e rs .

2 M o v e b o th t o g e t h er ; d o n o t l e av e t h e b o dy . L et
b o t h th e b re at h i n g s stay fo r t h ee u n i t e d .

A p raye r fo r p ro t ect io n .

T h e st an za is tak en , w it h a v ar ian t , fro m Rg

i ve da X . 42 11. .

A p rayer fo r p eace an d co n co rd .

2 T he heaven l y sp i r i t : w h i ch in sp ir es co n co rd See M H e n ry s
’
. .

n o te
. F or day i s p r esen t w e are n o l o n g er ex po sed t o dan g e r fro m
j
n oct u rn al fi en ds, an d can e n o y t h e saf e t y an d b l essi n g s o f day l igh t .

T ransl at ed b y Lu dw ig , De r R igveda, II I p 4 28, an d b y Grill , H u n

. .

dert Lied er, p p 31 , 1 8 1

. .

A ch ar m t o reco v er a sick m an at t h e p o in t of deat h , or to restore

an im at io n t o o n e ap p aren t l y dead .

1 B ri h asp ati as Lo rd o f Prayer in cl u din g in can tat io ns Leeches .

of the God s A n d m ay t h e A svi n s, t h e di vin e p air o f p hysicians, sen d

us h eal t h ( B V V III 1 8
’
. . . .

2 M o ve bo th tog ether th e t wo b reath ings, in sp irat ion an d exp ira

t ion, are ad dressed .
an rsr m as or [ soar rm

W axi n g in st re n
g t h l i ve th o u
h u n dred au t u m n s a .

T h y n o bl e st g u ard ian an d t hy lo rd is A g n i .

3 R e t u rn , t h y li fe n o w van i sh ed i n to d istan ce l R e tu rn ,
t h e b r eat h t h o u dr aw cat and e x h al e st l
’
A g n i h at h sn at ch e d it fro m D e st r u c ti o n s b o so m
i n to t h y se l f agai n I i nt ro du ce it .

L e t n o t t he v i tal b re ath h e d raw s fo rsake hi m ,

l e t n o t h is e x p i rat i o n p art an d l e av e hi m .
,

I g i ve h im o ver to th e S ev e n R ish i s l e t t h em co n
d u ct h im t o o l d age in safe ty .

5 E n t e r h im , bo th ye breath s lik e ,
t w o draug h t -
o xen
e n te r n g i t h e i r st all .

L et h im , t h e t reasu re o f o l d ag e , st ill w ax in stre ng t h,

u n i nj u re d , h e re .

6 I se n d t h e e back th y vi tal b reath I dr i v e C o n su m p

t i o n far fr o m t he e .

M ay A g n i h e re , m o st e xce ll e n t , sustai n o u r li fe o n
e v e ry si de .

7 F ro m o u t t h e dep t h o f dark n e ss, w e , asce n di n g to th e

h igh e st h e av e n ,
H ave c o m e t o t h e su bli m est l ig h t , to Sh ry s ,
G o d am o n g t he G o ds .

H YM N L I V .

W 1! w o rsh p i h o ly V e rse an d S o n g , by wh i c h th e y
carr y out t h e ir acts .

S h i n i n g i n O r de r s
’
se at th ese t w ai n p re se n t t h e
sac r ifi ce to Go d s .

4 Seven Ri shi s Bh arad v a j a, K a a

gy p a , Go tam a, A t r i ,
V asish t h a, V i nv fi
m i t ra, an d Jam adagn i, rep r ese n te d b y t h e se ve n st ars o f t h e Great Bear .

T ran sl at ed b y M u i r, O S T exts, V p 44 3, an d b y Gri ll , H u n dert

. . . .

L ie der, p p 1 5, 1 8 2
. .

A ch arm to k n o w l edge o f t h e V eda

o b tain .

1 V er se ricka m ; reci t ed ve rs e o r h y m n o f p raise, con t ain ed in t h e

Rg d
'

i v ed a S
. o n g : e m a s u n
g o r ch an t e d h y m n , co n t ai n ed i n t h e
Sdm aveda T hey car r y o u t thei r acts : m en p erfo rm t h e r ites o f d i v in e
.

w o rsh ip I n Or der s sea t

’
. in t h e p l ace o f sac r ifi ce T h e te xt has o n l y .

adde d , in t he seat ; m ean in g, s eciall , a ce rt ain sh ed erect ed in th e

p y
sacr ifi cial en cl osure .
 m s 11 m m or [ s o ar rm .

4 Th o u h ere w ho cro o k est w i ck e d j aw s th o u to rtu o u s , ,

j o i n t l e ss li m bl ess t h i n g
, ,

T he se j aw s t h o u B rah m anaspat i ! sh al t b e n d to g eth e r

,

li k e a re e d .

5 T h i s sco r p i o n h er e t h at cre ep s al o ng l o w o n th e ,

g ro u n d an d
p o w e r l e ss

I h av e re m o ved h is p o i so n an d t h e n u tt er ly de m o l
ish e d h i m .

6 No st re n
g t h i n th
y t w o ar m s h ast t h o u , n o r in t h
y
h ead , n o r i n th y w ai st
T h e n w h at is t h at sm al l t h i ng th o u so v i c i o u sly
b ear e st i n t h y t ail
7 T he e m m e t s m ak e a m e a l of th ee an d p e ah e n s t ear
an d m an
g e l the e
A l l ye yi n g In so o th th e i n s p o i so n
’
are c r o u t, sc o r
p o

h at h n o st r e n
g t h .

8 Th o u c r e at u r e i n fl ic te st w o u n ds
w ho b o th w th t h y
i
m o u t h an d w i t h t h y t ail ,
N o p o i so n i n t h y m o u t h h ast t h o u w h at at th y
t ai l s ro o t w ill t h e r e b e
’

Y M N LV I I H .

W H A T EV ER tro u b l e h ath di st u r be d an d sh a k en m e — I
s e ak w i t h h o e I m o ve i m l m id t h e fo l k
’
o ri n
p p p , g , ,

W h at h ar m m y b o dy i n m yse l f h at h su ffe r e d , n o w

l e t Sar as vati re li e ve w i t h fat n e ss .

4 C r ook est w i cked j aw s acco rd in g t o M H e n ry , t w ist est t h e faces

.

en ) ask e w o d o f ch arm s an d
( o f m B r ah m a asp a ti
.
n as t h e G p ray er .

S hal l bend togeth er ac co r din g to M H e n ry, to resto re t h em ( m en s

’
.

faces) t o t hei r n at ural sh ap e .

’
7 P eahen s : t h e in vet e rat e en em ie s o f sn ak es . T he scorp i on s p oi son

hath n o str eng th Rg

tak en fr o m
i v ed a I 1 9 l . . 16 .

T ran sl ate d b y Lu d w ig, De r R igv eda, I I I .

p . 502, an d by Gril l ,
H u n de rt L iede r, p p 5, 1 53 . .

A ch arm fo r so m h
p y
e sica l d iso rd e r .

1 T r ou bl e : d iso rd er o f t h e b o dy I m p l o r i ng
. ask in g h el p . R el i eve
l iterall y, fi l l u
p .
su m m s 4 w e reu .
.
V E DA . sun

2 S e v e n fl o w fo r h im , t he yo u th on wh o m t h e M aru ts
wa it th e so n s h av e tau g h t th e Fath e r e v e rl asti n g
l aw s .

B o t h w o r l d s ar e h is b o t h sh i n e b e l o n g i n g u n t o h im .

B o t h m o ve t o g e t h e r b o t h , as h is p o ssessi o n ,
t h r i ve .

H Y M N L V I II
T an s t o l aw s, I n d ra V aru na, dr i n k e rs o f th e j u i ce ,
u aif t h i s re sse d S o m a w h i c h sh all i
q p g v e
y o u
ra
p t u j y
ro u s o i

L et ifi c e y o u r car t o
sac r , , e n te r ta n i th e Go ds ,

ap p ro ac h i ts r e st i n l a t hat t h ey m ay dri n k
g p ce -

t he r e o f .

2 O I n dra d r i n k y o u r fill , ye h e ro es, o f th is

V ar u na,
e ffe c t u al and sw e e t e st S o m a .

T h i s j u i c e w as sh e d by u s t h at ye m igh t qu afl it
'

O n t hi s t r i m m e d g rass b e se at ed an d rej o i c e y o u .

Y M N LIX
H .

L I K E a t re e s t r u c k by li h t n i n
g g m ay th e m an be
w i t h e r ed fr o m t h e r o o t ,

W h o c u r se t h u s w h o c u rse not h im , o r, w he n w e
c u r se h 1m , c u r se t h u s .

2 T ak en , w i t h v ar ian t s, fro m R igv ed a X 1 3 5 Seven : ri vers, n u . . .

d erstoo d T he you th I n d ra T he san s : t h e M aru ts

. . T he F a ther .

I n dra E ver l asti n g l a ws : w h ich in c u l cate l ibe ral i t y T he fl o w o f t h e

. .

f u ll r iv e rs sym b o l izes gen e r osi ty , an d t h e Go d s o f st o rm an d rain ar e

re p rese n te d as h av i n g t au gh t I nd ra t h e d i v in e l aw o f l i b eral it y , and

i n du ce d h im t o shat te r t h e cl o u d and p o u r do w n t he t reasu r es o f t h e

sk t
’
y. S ee M H en .r
y s n o e .

T ransl at ed b y L u d w ig, De r R igv eda, I II p 4 4 6 . . .

A n in v itat io n add ressed to I n d ra an d V ar u na .

1 T h e h y m n is tak en , w it h v ari an t s, fro m Big v eda V I . 68 1 0 1 1

. . .

I nd r a V ar u n a i n d rd var u nd a co m p o u n d i n t h e d u al n um b er to
s ign i fy t h e d u al d ei t
y .

A n im p recat io n .

C f V L 37 3
. .
m rue s u ms or { s oar m :

H YM N LX .

I, PH UDENT , b i i
g g pn o w
r ne r , a t r e a s u re w i n n e r , w i t h -

am i cabl e e y e t h at st 1 ik e s n o t e r r o r ,
C o m e p rai si n g an d k i n d th o u g ht ed t o t h e se h o u se s
, ,

b e n o t afrai d o f m e , b e g l ad an d j o y fu l .

2 L e t t h e se de li gh t fu l H o u se s t h at are i
r c h in p o w e r
an d st o r e o f m il k ,
R e p l e t e w i t h w e al t h an d stan di n g fi r m ,
b e co m e aw are
of ou r a r o ach
pp .

3 Th e se H o u se s w e i n vo k e , w h e r e o n t h e d i st an t e x il e
se t s his t ho u h t ,
g
Wh e r e i n d w ell s m an y a fr i e n dly h ear t : l et th e m he
w e re o f o u r ap p r o ac h .

T h u s g re e te d y e o f am p l e l
w e a th , fr i e n ds w h o j
en o y
de li g h t fu l sw e e t s ,

Be e ve r fre e fro m h u n g e r , fr e e fr o m t h i rst ! Y e

H o u se s, fe ar u s n o t .

5 Ki nd g reet n
g i to t he c att el h e re, k i n d g r ee ti n g
t o t h e go ats an d sh ee p
Then , o f t h e fo o d w i th i n o ur hom e s, k i n d g ree ti ng
t o t h e p l easan t dri n k I
6 F u ll o f re fresh m e n t ,
fu ll of c har m s, o f l augh t e r an d
fe li c it y ,

B e e ve r fre e fr o m h u nge r , fr e e fr o m t h ir st ! Y e
H o use s, fe ar u s n o t .

7 S tay h e r e an d c o m e n o t aft e r m
,
e :
p r o sp e r in e ver
y
fo r m an d sh ap e
W i t h h ap y fo r t u n e w ill I co m e Gr o w m o re a u nb
l
.

dan t st i l t h ro u gh m e !

A part in g t ravell er s ad d ress t o t h e h o uses o f h is v ill age

’
.

2 B ecom e aw ar e of ou r app r oach t hat is, reco gn i ze an d wel com e us

w h en w e re t u rn .

4 F ear us n ot : g l ad l y w e l co m e us
.

T h e hy m n is u sed as a ch arm t o in au gu rate th e const r uct ion of a

h o u se, an d o n start i n g o n a j o u rn ey .
358 T H E H YM N S or [ BO O K VI I .

W hate e r th e R ave n , bl ac k
’
of h u e , flyi n g out h i th e r
w ard, h ath d ro p p e d .

2 M ay A g n i G arh ap aty a sav e an d se t m e fr e e fr o m al l

t h i s g u il t
W h i c h t h e bl ack R av e n i
w th t hy m o u th , 0 N ir rit i,
h ath w i p e d aw a y .

H YM N L XV .

W rr n r e t r o v er t e d fru i t h ast th o u , O A p h m arga,

s
p ru n
g an d g ro w n .

H e n ce i nt o d i stan c e m o st r e m o t e d ri ve e ve r y c u r se

aw ay fr o m m e .

2 W h ate ver ev il we h av e d o n e w h ate v e r

,
v il e o r s n fu
i l
ac t ,
W ith th ee , O A p fi m arga, who l o o k e st al l wa ys ,

we w ip e i t o ff .

3 I f w i th t h e h av e l i v e d , w h o se t e e t h ar e
c ri p p e l we
bl ack an d n ai l s de fo r m e d ,
W i t h t h e e , O A p am arga, w e w ip e al l t h at ill aw ay
fro m u s .

A ch arm t o av ert an ev il o m e n .

1 R aven sah i m b i rd , esp ecial l y a l arg e car n ivo ro us b ird ,

’

e a
v ul t u r e o r t h e l i ke . T he ep i t h e t bl ack p o in ts to t h e rav en o r t h e
carrio n cro w .

2 A g n i Gdr hap atg/ a t h e sac red fi re o f t h e h o u se h o l der See V 31 . . .

5 T hy m o u th, t h at is, t h e rave n h im se l f, t he ev il b o d in g h eral d o f

. -

m isfo r t u n e H ath w ip ed a way

. o n h i m se l f, an d so sti l l l iab l e t o fall
u p o n t h e s e ak e r M
’
p See H e n r
y s.n o t e . .

T ran sl ate d b y Gri l l , H u n d er t Lie der, p p 4 1 , 1 8 6

. .

A charm im p re cat io n s an d t h reat en ed e vil s

again st .

l Ap d m d rga t h e p l an t A ch y ran t h es A sp e ra Se e I V 1 7 6 . . . .

2 L oo/cer t al l w ay s t h e b ran ch es t e n d m g in o n e d ire ct io n an d t h e

fru it in an o t he r, t h e p l an t is regard ed as t h e sy m b o l o f v ig il an t ci r
c u m sp e ct io n .

3 T h e cr ip p l e M H en ry o b se rves : .T h is l am e an d h ideo u s p e rso n

ag e , t h e i n carn at io n o i si n an d d isease, st ro n g l y re se m b l es o u r p o p u l ar
d e v il We w ip e aw ay : w it h al l u sio n t o t h e d e ri vat io n o f A p am ai rga
.
‘

f ro m m rij , to w i p e , w i t h t h e part icl es ap a an d d p re fi xed

.

T ransl at ed b y Gril l , H un dert L ieder , pp 38, 1 86 . .

H u m as ) . rm A T H A R V A V E DA -
.
m ,

Y M N LX V I H .

I r i t w as i n t h e w i n d o r ai r s m id i if i t was i n
’
n
re
g o
-
,

t h e t r e e s o r i n t h e b u sh e s ,

To m e e t w h o se u tte r an ce fo r th str eam e d t he l

cat t e ,

m ay t h at C el e st i al P o w e r i
aga n app ro ach u s .

Y M N LXV II H .

M A Y se n se r e t u r n t o m e agai n an d sp i r it , ,
r e tu rn m y
S ac r e d P o w e r an d m y p o sse ssi o n s !
A g ai n l e t fi re s afl am e o n l e sse r al tars , , e ach d u ly
stati o n ed h e re su ccee d an d ro sp er
p, .

R YM N LXV III .

S A R A SV A ri i n t h y '
, de c r e es G o dde ss
, ,
in t h y l
c e est a i l
l aw s ,

A c ce t t h e o ffe r e d sac r ifice an d, Go ddess r an t us

p , , g
g p ro en y .

2 H e re is, Sarasvati , t h y fat lib ati o n , t h i s sacr ifi c e

ssi n t o t h e m o u th o f F at h e r s
'

p a g .

T h ese m o st au sp i ci o u s o ffe r i n g s h av e asc e n de d t o

thee t h r o u g h t h e se m ay w e b e fu ll o f sw e e t n e ss .

3 B e k ind an d m o st i i
au sp c o u s, b e g raci o u s t o u s,
S arasv at i . M ay we be e v er in thy si g h t .

A p raye r to V i k .

T h e C el esti al P ow er fo r w h ose ret u rn t h e p o et p rays is t h e fi rst

W o rd, t h e fi rst em an at io n o f t h e Et e rn al , t h e o m n i fi c Lo go s, t h e t ype
o f w h i ch is V a k ( see IV 30 7 in t h is p l ace t h e v o ice o f t h un d er
. .

w h ich cal l s fo rt h t h e cat t l e, t h e im p riso n ed w at ers i n t h e cl o u d See .

M H en ry s n o te
.
’
.

A p r iest s p rayer t o t h e A gn ayo Dh ish nyfih, t h e A g n is or fi r es on

’

t h e side al tars Sacred P o wer br dh m aaam

. th e sacr ed fo rm ul a}
H en ry .

A p rayer fo r ch il dren an d p ro sp eri ty .

T h e h ym n is em p l oy ed , acco rd in g t o t h e V aitan a Sfi t ra, in ob l at ion -

t o t h e F u l l M oo n an d to t h e W ave Devi l} , an d, asc end in g t o th e

Kau gika Sii t ra, in t h e f un eral r it ual
-
.
m m : H YM N S or [ BOOK rm

Y M N LXIX H .

M n th e w i n d k i n dly b reat h e o n us m ay th e S u n ,

w ar m u s l e asan t ly
p .

M ay days pass h ap p i l y fo r u s m ay n igh t dr aw n ear ,

d e ligh t fu l l y m ay daw n b re ak j o y fu lly fo r u s !

,

H YM N L X X .

W H A T EV ER sacr i fice t h at m an p erfo r m e th w it h vo i ce

.
,

m i n d sac re d fo rm u l a o bl at i o n
, , ,

M ay in acco rd w i t h D eat h D estru ct io n ru i n h is

, ,

o ff e r i n b e fo r e i t a i f l fil m ent
g g n u .

2 F o r h i m m ay so r ce re rs D e st ru ct i o n de m o ns st r i k e
, ,

an d p re v e n t f u l fi l m e n t t h ro u g h t h e i r fal se h o o d .

L e t G o ds by I n dra se n t d e stro y h is b u t te r and l e t

, , ,

h is sac r ifi c e b e i n e ffe c t i v e .

L e t the t w o S o vr an s sw i ft t o co m e li ke fal co ns
, ,

sw o o p i n n th e i r re y
g o
p ,

D es t ro y th e b u tt e r of the fo e w h o e ve r p l o t s to i nj u re
us .

4 I i
se ze t h i n e ar m s and draw t h e m back I , b i nd a
b an dage o n t hy m o u t h .

I i th t he an ge r o f t h e Go d A g n i have k i l l ed t hy
w
sac ri fi ce .

5 B e h i n d thy bac k I tie t h i ne ar m s I b ind a ban dage ,

on th y m o u th :

W i th t h e t errifi c A g n i s w rat h h ave

’
I destro y e d thy
sacr i fi ce .

A p rayer fo r pro sper it y .

A charm sacr ifi ce o fi ere d by

‘

to fru st rat e and ru in the an en em y .

3 T he tw o So vr an e Deat h an d Dest ruct io n, M r ityu an d N i rrit i.

T ran sl ate d b y Lu dw ig, Der R ig veda, II I p . . 31 4 , an d b y Gril l ,

H undert Lieder pp 4 6, 1 8 2 . .
.
362 T H E s w i m or [ BOOK 7 11 .

F or w e, 0 A i
s v n s, s n i g e rs s
p ru n
g f ro m m an y a h o u se ,

i n vi t e y o u t o b e p r e se n t at our ban q u et i n g s .

2 A sv i n s t h e fi r e 13 al l a l o w : y o u r cal dro n hath be e n

, g
h e at e d co m e

H e re , e v e n n o w , 0 H
il ch k i n e m il k e r o e s, ar e th e m -

ed T h e p r i e sts y e m ig h ty
. r ej o i c e,
o n es ! .

3 P u re w i t h t h e G o ds is sac r ifi ce w i th c ry o f H ail I T hat

i s t h e A s v i n s c u p w h e n c e G o d s are w o n t to d ri n k
’
.

Y e a, t h e I m m o rt 1 ! O n e s acc e p t i t , o n e an d al l an d ,

c o m e to k i ss t h at c u i G n d h ar va 8 m o n t h
’

p w t h t h e a .

4 M il k m o l t e n b u t t e r o ffe re d w h e n th e m o r n i n g s b r e ak ,
,

— t h i s 18 y o u r o r t i o n A s vi n s ! C o m e e h i t h e r w ard
p y , .

L o rds o f th e brav e , bal ni l o v e r s g u ar ds o f sac r ifi ce , ,

d r i n k y e t h e w ar m li b at i o n 1 n t h e li g h t o f h e av e n .

5 L e t t h e w ar m dr i n k ap p r o ac h yo u w i t h it s H o t ar

r i e st : l e t t h e A d h v ar u co m e t o o u w ith st o re
p y y
of m i lk .

Co m e O y e A sv i n s taste t h e m e ath t hat h at h b e e n

, ,

d rai n e d, dr i n k o f th e m il k p r o v i d e d by t h i s r adi an t
00 W .

6 C o m e h i th er q u i c k ly c o m e th o u m i l k e r o f t h e k in e
, ,

i n t o t h e c al d ro n p o u r m i l k o f t h e radi an t c o w .

M o st p r e c i o u s S av i t ar h at h l o o k e d u p o n t h e h eav e n .

A ft e r D aw n s g o i n g fo r t h h e se n ds h is li g h t abr o ad
’
-
.

7 I i n v o cat e t h i s m il ch co w g o o d fo r m il k i n g so that ,

t h e m il k e r de ft o f h an d m ay m i l k h e r
, , .

M ay S av i tar g i ve g o o d li est st i m u l at i o n T h e cal dro n .

h at h b e e n w ar m e d L e t h i m p ro c l ai m it . .

3 Wi th the Gan dhar t a s m o u th t h at is, b y

'
’
m ean s o f A gn i, t h e
sacr ifi cial fi re w h ich b ears o b l at io n t o t h e Go ds .

5 Wi th i ts H o tar p r i est d u ty it is t o p r esen t t h e l ib at io n

w h o se .

7 I i n v ocate t h i s m i l ch —
cc w t his is recit e d b y t h e A d h vary u w h en
t h e co w is t o b e m i l k ed T h e stan za is tak en , w it h var ian ts , f ro m
.

R ig veda I 1 64 26 . I n t h e o rig in al hy m n , w hi ch f ro m b eg in n i n g t o
. .

an d 1s a se r ies o f e n ig as, t h e co w m ay, ac co rd in g t o S hyana, be t h e rain ,

m
t h e m il k b ein g t h e rai n an d th e m i lk er V fiy u t h e Go d o f Win d wh o causes
i t to fl o w .
su m T H E arm s V A V E DA -
. as:

8 Sh e , so v r an o f al l
t re asu re s, is c o m e h i t h e r y e arn i n g
i n sp i r i t fo r h e r cal f, an d l o w i n g .

M ay t h i s co w yi e l d h e r m il k fo r b o t h t h e A svi n s,
an d m ay sh e p r o sp e r t o o u r g r e a t ad van tag e .

9 A d e ar h o u se fr i e n d , g u e st w e l co m e i n t h e d w e lli n g ,
s -

to t h i s o u r sacr ifi ce co m e t h o u w h o k n o w e st .

A n d , A g n i h av i n g scat t er e d al l assail an t s, b r i n g to
,

u s t h e p o sse ssi o n s o f o u r foe m e n .

S h o w t h y se l f st ro n g fo r m i g h ty bli ss ,
O A gn i M o st
ll e n t b e t h i n e e flu l g e n t sp le n d o u rs !
'

e x ce

M ak e e asy t o m ai n t ai n o u r h o u se h o l d l o r dsh i p , an d

o ve rc o m e th e m ig h t of t h o se w h o h at e us
.

F o r t u n ate m a st y t ho u b e w thi od ly a t u r e , an d
g o
p s
m ay w e a so l be e x ce e d n i g w e al t h y .

F e ed on t h e g rass, 0 C o w , at e v e r y se aso n , an d ,
co m i n g h i th e r , dr i n k t he li m p i d w at er .

H Y M N LXXI V .

B L A C K is t h e m o t he r , w e h av e h e ard , fro m w h o m t h e
r e d h u e d P u st u l e s s ran
p g
-
.

W i t h t h e d i vi n e asc e ti c s r o o t I p i e rce an d p e n e tr ate

’

t h e m al l .

2 I p i e r ce t h e fo re m o st o n e o f t h e se , I p e rfo rate t h e
m i ddl e m o s t ,

A n d h e re I c u t t h e h i n der m o st asu n de r lik e a l o ck

o f h ai r .

8 T ak en , w it h v ar ian ts, fro m R ig v eda I 1 64 27 I n t h e o rig inal. .

h y m n t h e cal f is t h e w o rl d l o n g in g fo r t h e rain to fal l .

9 T ak en fro m Bigv eda V 4 5 . . .

1 0 T ak e n fro m Bi gveda V 28 3 M ake easy to m ai n tai n o ur

. . .

h ou seho ld l or dship : acco rd in g t o Si yana : Pe rfect t h e w el l k n it b o n d -

o f w i fe an d h u sb an d .

1 1 T ak en fro m R igv eda I 1 64 40 . . .

A ch arm t o cu re p ust u l es o r scro f u l o us t u m o u rs .

l P u stu l es : ap achi tas ; see V I 25 l Scro fu l o u s o r in fl am m ato ry

. . .

sw el l i n gs affect in k d
’
g t h e g l an d s o f t h e n e c , g a n a m d l d o r k i n g s e v il ,
-

ap p ear to h e in t e n d ed T he d i vi n e asceti c s r o o t : t h ere is n o cl u e to t h e

’
.

nam e o f t h e roo t o r o f it s d i v ine d isco v erer .

su r H r R U I N S or [110 0 1 ru n

3 W i th ll th at T vash tar se n t t o u s I h ave d isp e l l e d

s
p e

t h y j e al o u sy .

W e m i t i gate an d p aci fy t h e ange r th at t ho u fel te st ,

L o rd !
4 L o r d o f re ligi o u s r i te s by l aw an o i n t ed sh i n e t ho u
, , ,

fo r t h h e r e fo r e v e r fri e n dly m i n d e d -
.

So m ay w e al l w i t h ch il dre n J htave das ! w o rsh i p ,

an d h u m bly w ai t o n t h e e e n k i n d l e d .

H Y MN LXXV .

L sr n o t a t h i e f o r w i ck e d m an p o sse ss y o u l e t n o t
t h e dart o f R u d ra c o m e an e ar y o u ,
P r o l ifi c , sh i n i n g i n t h e g o o dl y p ast u re , dr i n k i n g at

p l e asan t
p l t h e li m i
oo s
p d w at er .

2 Y e k n o w t h e p l ac e an d re st c o n t e n t ,
l
c o se -
g at h e r e d,

call e d by m an y a n am e Co m e to . m e, Go dde sse s ,

w i t h G o ds .

B e de w w i t h st r e am s o f fat n ess u s , th i s c att e l -

p e n,

an d al l t h i s p l ace .

Y M N LXX V I H .

R A P I DLY dro p p i n g q u i c k t o d r o p m o re e v il t h an th e
, ,

e v il o n e s ,

M o re sap l e ss t h an a d r i e d u p b o n e sw i fter t h an sal t -

,

to m e l t aw ay

A b l essin g o n co w s .

T h e stanza is tak e n , w i t h variat io ns, fro m R ig v ed a V I

l . 28 7 . .

T he dar t of R u dr a F ar b e t hy dart t hat k il l et h m en o r cat t l e

(R g
i ve da I 1 1 4 . .

2 Goddesses : so in t h e hy m n fr o m w h ich stan za l is tak e n t h e co ws

are add resse d as de i fi ed b e in g s P rosp e r m y h o u se, y e w it h ausp ici
o us v o ice s Y o u r p o w e r is g l o ri fi e d i n o u r asse m b l ie s
. an d To m e
t h e co w s seem Bh ag a, t h ey seem I n dra, t h ey see m a p o rt io n o f t h e
fi rst p o ured So m a
-
’
.

A ch arm to cu re scro f u l o u s p u st ul e s .

d susr dsah su sr dso th e t ext

‘

lR ap i d l y dr op p i n g , qu i ck to dr op
Pro f Bl oo m fi e l d p ro p oses t o read d m av doc
’

ap p ears to b e co rru p t
-
. .

sum a st ar a if f l l h h f l l f h i ch w o u l d rest o re
-
, m o re s w t t o a t an w at a s ast , w
ass m s s u m s or [s o ar VI I .

6 B o l d ly d ri n k S o m a fr o m t he b e ak e r , I ndra ! h e ro i n
w ar fo r tr e as u r e V ri t ra sl ay e r -
.

Fi l l t h y se l f fu ll at t h e m id day -
li bat i o n t h y se l f p o s
se ss n i g i
r ch e s g i
ran t u s r c he s .

H Y M N LXXV I I .

Y s M ar u t s , f u ll o f fi e ry h e at ac ce p t ,
th i s o ffe r n i g
b r o u g h t fo r y o u
T o h e l p u s y e w h o sl ay t h e fo e
,
.

2 M ar u t s t h e m an w h o fil l e d w i t h rag e agai n st u s b e
,

yo n d o u r t h o u gh ts w o u l d h ar m u s 0 y e V asu s , ,

M ay h e b e t an g l e d i n t h e t o il s o f M isc h i e f sm i te ye
h i m do w n w i t h y o u r m o st fl am i n g w e ap o n .

3 E ac h y e ar c o m e fr i e n ds t o m an t h e t u n e fu l M ar u ts
, , ,

d w e l li n g i n sp ac i o u s m an si o n s t r o o p e d t o g e t he r ,
.

E x h il arat i n g g l add e n i n g fu l l o f fi e ry he at m ay t h e y
, , ,

del i v er u s fro m bi n d i n g b o n d s o f si n .

H Y M N LXXV I I I .

I F R E E t h e e fro m t he co rd I l o o se th e b o n d I l o o se , ,

t h e fast e n i n g .

E ve n h e r e p e r p e t u al A g n i w ax t h o u st ro n g
, , ,
.

2 I w i t h ce l e sti al p ray e r ap p o i n t t h e e A g n i m ai n , ,

t ai n e r o f t h is m an i n p r i n c e ly p o w ers .

H e r e b ri g h t ly sh i n e fo r u s w i t h w e al t h : de c l ar e th o u
t o G o ds t h i s fav o u r e d g i v e r o f o bl at i o n s .

6 T h e st an za, tak en fro m Rgi ve da V I 4 7 6,

h as . . no app are n t co n
n exio n w it h t h e j
o b e ct o f t h e ch arm .

T ran sl ated b y L u d w ig, Der R ig ve da, II I p 500 . . . See al so Z im m e r,

A l t i n di sch es Leb e n , p 37 7 . .

A n in can t at ion again st an en e m y .

I St an zas l an d 2 are tak en , w it h v ar ian ts, fro m Bg

i veda V I I 59 . .

9 B
2 M i schi ef : o r o n e of t h e m al icio us sp irit s cal l ed Dru hs .

A charm fo r ’
a p r i n ce s p ros e rit
p y .

l T hee acco rd in g t o t h e V ait i n a Sfit ra I V l l t h e sta n za is

- . recit ed
w h en t h e y
s m b o l ical b an d is rem o v ed fro m th e sacri fi cer s w ife
’
.
5m m m s A T H A R VA VE DA -
. m

Y M N LXXIX H .

N I GH T o f th e N e w b o r n M o o n w hat e v er fo rt u n e t he
-
,

Go ds w h o d w ell w i t h g re at n e ss have assig n e d t hee ,

T h e re w i t h fu lfil o u r sacr ifi ce al l b o u n t e o u s B l e sséd ,

-

O n e g ran t u s w e al t h w i th m an ly o ffsp r i n g
, .

2 I am t h e N e w M o o n s Ni g h t t h e g o o d an d p i o u s ar e
’
,

m y i n h ab i t an t s t he se d w e ll w i t h i n m e
, .

I n m e h av e G o ds o f b o th t h e sp h e r e s an d S hdh yas , ,

w i t h I n dra as t he i r c h i e f all m e t t o g e t h e r , .

3 T h e N igh t h at h c o m e t h e g at h e re r o f t r e asu re s , ,

b e st o w i n g st re n gt h p ro sp e r i ty an d r i ch e s , , .

T o N e w M o o n s N ig h t l e t u s p rese n t o bl at i o n
’

o u ri n t t t h w i t h m il k h at h h
p g o u s re n
g s e co m e ,

h i th e r .

4 Ni g h t o f N e w M o o n ! n e e r h ath b e e n b o r n an o th e r ’

t h an t h o u e m b rac i n g al l t h e se fo r m s an d n at u r e s .

M ay w e h av e w h at w e l o n g e d fo r w h e n w e b r o u gh t
t h e e o bl at i o n s m ay w e b e t h e l o r ds o f ri c h es .

Y M N LXX X H .

F ULL in th e fro n t fu ll r e ar w ard fr o m t h e m i ddl e t h e

, ,

F u ll M o o n s N i g h t h at h c o n q u e re d in t h e bat t l e
’
.

I n h e r m ay w e d w e lli n g w i th G o ds an d gr e at n e ss
, ,

fe ast in t he h e i g h t o f h e av e n o n st r e n g t h e n i n g ,

v i an ds .

A hy m n to t h e N ew M o o n .

dvdsyd
’
1 Nigh t of the N ew bor n M o on -
: am ( fro m vas, t o d w e l l , an d
m u d, to g e t h er, is t h e n ig h t d ur in g wh i ch t h e d w e l l s t o ge t h e r
m oo n

w i t h o r in th e sam e qua ter as th e s

r un N igh t o f N e w M oon p e rson i
h ed as a Go dd ess .

2 d hy as a cl ass o f an cien t Go ds Se e V I I 5 I
. . . .

4 Cf . st an za 3 of H ym n L XXX .

A h ym n t o t h e F u l l M oo n .

1 F r om the m i ddl e : of th e l u nar m o n th .

ass ,
rm : s u ms or ( c o o : 7 11.

T o h im M oo n
’
2 ,
the F u ll s m i gh ty B u ll , we a
p y o u r
l
so e m n sac r ifi ce .

M ay h e b esto w u
p on us w e al t h u n w ast in g , ine x hau s
t ibl e .

3 No b u t t h o u , P raj hp at i, n o n e b e si de t he e , pe r
o ne a

v ad i n , a v e t o al l t h e se fo r m s t h e i r b e i n
g g
Gran t u s o u r h e art s de si re w h e n w e i n vo e t he e ’

m a w e h av e st o r e o f r i c h e s i n p o sse ssi o n
y .

4 Fi rst F u ll M o o n m e e t fo r ado rat i o n am o n g

w as t h e
’
t he day s an d i n t h e n i gh t s de e p dark n e ss .

I n t o th y h e ave n O H o ly O n e h ave e n t e red th o se

, ,

p io us m en w ho h o n o u r t h e e w i t h w o rsh i p .

Y M N L XXXI H .

F o s wann an d back w ar d by t h e i r w o n dro u s p o w e r

m o v e t h e se t w o y o u t h s disp o r t i n r o u n d t he o c e an
g , , .

O n e v i e w s al l li vi n g t h i n gs an d t h o u t h e o t he r art , , ,

bo r n ag ai n arr an g i n g t i m e s an d seaso n s .

2 T h o u ar t re b o rn fo r e ver n e w : t h o u m arch est en

-
,

si n o f days i n fo r e fro n t o f t h e m o r n i n s
g , g .

M arc hi n g t h o u de al e st t o t h e G o ds t he i r p o r t i o n T ho u .

l e n gt h e n est M o o n l t h e day s o f m an s e x i st e n ce
’
.
,

3 O sp ray o f S o m a L o rd o f W ar s ! al l p e rfe ct v er ily

,
-

ar t t ho u .

M ak e m e al l p e rfe ct , B eau teo u s O n e ! in

-
r ch es an d
i
in p ro g e n y .

2 Bu l l t h e Go d of th e M o on .

3 T ak en , w it h v arian t s, fro m Rig v eda X 1 21 . . 10, w hich app ears to

b e a l at e r ad di t io n to t h e o rigin al h ym n .

A h ym n t o t h e N ew M oo n .

1 T h e in t ro du cto ry stan zas l an d 2 are t ak en, w i th vari at io n s,

fro m R igv eda X

85 1 8, 1 9 T wo you ths Sfi rya an d So m a,
. . . or Su n an d
M oo n Ocean o f air
. .

2 E nsign o f days re ferr in g to t he wan i n g m oo n w hich p recedes th e

daw n .

3 0 sp r ay of Som a Som a th e M oo n id en t ifi ed w it h So m a t h e p lan t .

Lor d of War s : p ro b ab l y b ecau se th e fi rst u art er o f t h e m oo n was q

c o n s id ered a fav o u rab l e t im e fo r p redat o ry excu rsion
37 0 M E R U INS or [ B OO K rm

3 E ve n h e re do t h o u , O A m, st abli sh w e al t h l e t n o t
O p r esso r s i nj u r e t h e e
p y t h i n k i n
g i
o f t h e e fi r st .

Li g h t b e t h y t ask o f r u li n g , A g n i , w i t h t h y p o w e r
m ay h e w h o w o r sh i ps t h e e w ax st ro n g i n vi n c ibl e , .

A g n i h at h l o o k e d u p o n t h e sp r i n g o f M o r n i n gs, l o o k ed
o n t h e day s, t h e e ar li e st J fit av e das .

S o , fo ll o w i ng th e g le am s o f M o rn i n g S ury a h at h ,

e n t e re d h e av e n an d e ar t h as h is o sse ssi o n
p .

5 A g n i h ath l o o k ed u p o n th e sp r i n g o f M o rn i n gs, l o o k ed
o n t h e days, t h e e arli e st J a tav e das .

S o h e in co u n t l ess p l ace s h at h e x te n de d, fu ll agai n st

h e av e n an d e ar t h , t h e b eam s o f S ury a .

6 B u t t e r to t h e e i n h eav e n t h y h o m e , 0 A g n i M an u
t h i s day h at h k i n dl e d t h e e w i t h b u t t e r .

L e t t h e C e l e st i al D au g h te r s b ri n g t h e e b u t ter l e t
co w s o u r b u t t e r fo rt h fo r t h e e , O A i
p g n .

Y M N LXXXIII
H .

S T A BL I SH ED am i d t h e w at e rs i s K i n g ,
V aru na, th y
g o l de n hom e .

T h e n ce l e t t h e S o v ran w h o i
m a n ta n s i th e stat u te s

l o o se al l bi n di n
g co r ds .

2 H e n ce fre e th o u u s, K i n g V ar u na, fro m e ach su c

c essi v e b o n d an d t ie .

3 L et n o t ap
p r aiser s l et n ot t h e w ick ed , an t ici pat in g o u r w o rsh i p ,
t h y at t e n t io n b efo re
se c u re u s, an d , as u n wo rt h y ado rers, i n su l t an d
degrad e t h y m a esty j .

4 Sd r ya t h at is, A gn i as t h e Su n .

6 M an n th e p r iest as re p resen tat iv e o f M an n regard e d as th e fi rst

in st it u t o r o f rel ig io us ce rem o n ies C el estial Daugh ter s t h e h eaven l y
.

Wat ers .

T ran sl ated b y Lu dw ig, Der R igv eda, I I I p 4 28 . . .

A p rayer fo r d eli veran ce fro m si n an d o t h er evil s .

1 A m id the w ater s : V ar nna, God o f t h e starry fi rm am en t an d t he

cel e st ial ocean , p residin g al so o v e r t he w ate rs o f eart h See M u ir, O S . . .

T ext , V p p 7 2 7 4
s .
—. T he Sovr an V aru na
. .
m am m y: A T E A R V A V E DA -
. 371

A s we h av e cr i e d , O V aru na ! h av e sai d T h e Wate rs, ,

t h e y are k i n e , t h e n ce se t u s fr e e , 0 V aru na .

3 L o o se n t h e b o n ds 0 V ar u na t hat ho l d u s l o o se n
, , ,

t h e b o n d ab o v e b e t w e e n an d u n de r
, , .

S o b e fo r e A d i t i m ay w e b e si n l e ss u n der th y fav o u r
i n g au sp i c e s A d i ty a l ,

V ar u na fre e u s fro m al l sn ares t h at bi n d u s V aru na s

’
4 , ,

b o n d s t he u pp e r an d t h e l o w e r
, .

D ri v e fro m u s e v i l dre am dr i ve o ff m i sfo r t u n e th e n

.

l e t u s p ass i n t o t h e w o r l d o f v i rt u e .

Y M N LXXXI V H .

H OLDE R o f sw ay sh i n e h e re r e fu l gen t A g n i ! in vi nci

, ,

b l e i m m o r tal J fi t av e das
,
.

W i t h su c c o u r s fr i e n d ly t o m an k i n d au sp i c i o u s dri v , ,

i n g aw ay al l m al ad i e s g u ard o u r d w e l l i n g
,
.

2 T h o u I nd ra l o rd an d l e ade r o f th e p e o p l e w ast b o rn
, , ,

fo r l o ve ly st r e n g t h an d h ig h do m i n io n .

T h o u d rav e st o ff t h e fo l k w h o w e re u n fr i e n dly an d
,
,

m ade st fo r t he G o ds w i de ro o m an d fr e e do m .

2 H 0 V e r e na !
ave cr i ed, h av e in v o k ed t hy n am e T he Water s, .

t h ey ar e ki n e : h ave g l o r ifi e d t h e w at e rs i n w h ich t h o u dw el l est b y

l ik e n in g t h em to b e n e fi ce ut an d sacred co ws .

3 T h e stan za is tak e n fro m Big veda I 24 1 5 . . .

4 R e peate d, w it h varian ts , fro m A V V I, 1 21 1 . . . .

-
X
A cc o rd in g to t h e Kausik a S fi t ra C X V I I 4 , t h e hy m n is t o b e resil .

cd t o get h e r w it h o t h e r ve rses o f t h e A t h arva v ed a at a p ro p it iato ry -

sac r ifi ce w h e n a co m e t h as d ark e n e d t h e co n ste l l at io n o f t h e Se v e n

R is h is o r U rsa M a o r S ee Wjeb e r
’
.s O m i n a un d Po rt e n ta,
p 3 8 7 Pa r t s . .

o f t h e h ym n ar e al so t o b e recite d in in can tat io n s against dro p sy,

a d isease esp ec ial l y att ri b u ted t o t h e d isp l easu re o f V aru na Se e .

Rg i v e da V I I 8
. 9 .

A p rayer fo r p ro tect io n .

1 Succou r s : o r, p e rh aps, Go ddesses, t h e Waters o r th e Dawn s T h e .

j
ad ect i ves stan l , in t h e fem i n i n e g en d er, w it h ou t a su b st an t i ve .

2 T h is a nd t h e fo l l o w in g stan za are tak en fro m Rg

i v ed a X 1 80 3, 2 . . .

Stan za 2 w as recit ed at th e co ro nat io n o f a Kin g .

 TH E H YM N S or [ B OOK V H S

8 Li k e d re ad
a w il d b e ast r o am i n
g o n t h e m o u n tai n ,

m ay h e ap ro ach u s fr o m t h e far t h e st d i sta n ce

p .

W h e t t i ng t h y b o l t an d t hy sh ar p blade , 0 I n dra,
c ru sh do w n o u r fe es and sc at ter t ho se w ho h ate u s .

LXXX V
H YM N .

T H I S v ery m i gh ty o n e w h o m G o ds u rg e o n w ard th e ,

c o n q u e ro r o f c ars e ve r t r i u m p h an t
, ,

S w i ft fl e e t t o bat t l e w i t h u n i nj u r e d fe lli es eve n

, , ,

T firk sh y a fo r o u r w e al w ill w e call h it h e r .

Y M N LXXX V I H .

I NDR A th e rescu e r I n dra th e h e l p er I n dra th e b rave

, ,

w h o h e ars e ach i n vo cat i o n ,

S ak ra I call I nd ra i n v o k ed o f m an y
,
M ay I n dra .

M ag havan p r o sp e r an d bl ess u s .

H Y M N LXXX V I I .

To R ud a r
in t h e fi re , t o h i m w h o d w e ll s in fl oo ds,
t o R u d ra w ho h at h e n te red i n t o h e rb s an d p l an t s,
T o h im w ho fo r m ed an d fash i o n ed al l t h ese w o rl ds,
t o h i m t h i s R u dra, y ea, t o A gn i , r e ve r e nce b e
p aid l

A ch arm to en su re su ccess in b att l e .

T he stanz
a is t ak en fro m Ij igv ed a X , 1 78 . l T dd cshya : a p erso n i
.

fi eat ion o f t h e Su n , usual l y descri b ed as a k in d o f cel est ial h o rse .

A p rayer to en su re su ccess in b at t l e .

T h e st anza is t ak en fro m R ig veda V I 4 7 1 1 . . .

A p ray er t o R u dra as A gn i .

'

R ud r a h ere , as in o t h er passages, regard ed as a form of A gn i .

I n .

fi oo ds as l igh tn in g, in t h e w at ery cl o u d s, t h e w at ers o f th e

o cean o f air . H er bs an d p l an ts : w h ich A gn i en t ers i n t h e form of

l igh t nin g descendin g with th e rain . A ll these wor l ds all li vin g

creat ures.
37 4 T H E H YM N S or [s o ak in .

YM N XC H .

T u n t h o u asu nd e r as o f o ld li k e tan g l e s o f a cre e p

, ,

i n g p l an t D e m o li sh t h e n t h e DAsa s m i g h t
’
. .

M ay w e w i th I ndra s h e l p d i v i de t h e gat h er e d t re a
’
2
su r e o f t h e fo e .

I by,
th e l aw of V aru na, b r i ng do w n t h y p ri de an d
w an t o n n ess .

H YM N XCI .

M AY I n dra w i th
h is h e l p , o f al l t r easu re s, be L o rd
u n t o u s a car e fu l g o o d p r o t ec t o r ,

Dr i v e o ff o u r fo e s an d g i ve u s p eace an d safe t y .

M ay w e b e l o rds o f g o o dly st o r e o f h e ro e s .

H Y M N XCII .

M «v i th i s
I n dr a ar ch
s o u r
g o o d p ro t ec t o r ke e
p e v e n

far aw ay t h e m e n w h o h at e u s .

M ay w e e nj o y h is fav o u r h is t h e h o l y m ay w e e n , .

h i s b l e sséd l o v i n g k i n d n e ss
j y
o .

H Y M N XCI II .

W u s I n dra s an d w i t h M any u s aid m ay w e su bdu e

’ ’
'

o u r e n e m i e s re si st l e ssly de st ro yi n g fo es
,
.

A charm t o p re ven t t h e su ccess o f a ri val in l o v e .

S tan zas l an d 2 are t ak en, w i th from R ig veda V I I I 40

v ariat io n s, . .

6, an d are o rigi n al l y part o f a p ray er t o I n dra an d A gn i for v icto ry

o v e r h ost il e n at i ve s o f t h e l an d A cco rd in g t o t h e R an sihn S ii t ra,
.

X XX V I 35 sqq , th e hy m n 18 t o h e u sed, w i t h ce rt ain p rescri b ed ce re«

. .

m o n ies, as a charm against a r ival Fo r stan za 3 see A p pen d ix

. .

A p rayer fo r p ro t ect ion .

w it h v arian ts, in Rg
i d V I
l I ifi 6
st anza o ccu rs, ve a , . 47 . 1 2, an d
.

A p rayer fo r p ro tect io n .

h w it h varian ts, in R ig veda V I 47

3;
stan za occ urs, . . 1 3, an d X .

l 3

A p rayer fo r su cce ss in b at t l e .
H YM N m s A T H A R V A VE DA -
. 37 5

H Y M N XCI V
W e l e ad t h e co n stan t S o m a o n w i th c o n stan t sacr i
h e l al g i f t ,

T h at I n d ra m ay m ak e al l th e t rib es u n an m o u s an d
i
o n l y o u rs .

H YM M XC V .

T o he av e n hav e so are d th i s m an s t w o
’ ’
, as t w e re ,
v u l t u r e s, sta ri n d k y h d
gg e
g u s u e , ,

T he Parch e r an d t h e D r i er u p , t h e p ai r w h o p e rch -

an d d ry h i s h e ar t .

2 I i l y h av e st i rr ed t h e m u p li k e o xe n rest i ng after
ver

t o il ,

Li k e t w o l o u d sn arli n g c u r s o r li k e t w o w o l ves w h o
-
,

w at ch t o m ak e th e i r sp r i n g

3 Li k e tw o th at t h r u st li k e t w o that p i er ce li k e t w o , ,

t hat st ri k e w i t h m u t u al bl o w s .

I bi n d t he c o n d u i t o f t he m an o r dam e w h o h e n ce
h at h t ak e n au g h t .

A charm to e nsu re the o b e dien ce o f su b ec ts j .

T he stan za is t ak en , w it h v arian t s, Rg
fro m i ve da X 1 7 3 6 , t h.e .

j
su b ect o f the o rig in al h ym n b e in g t h e b en edict io n o f a n ew l y e l ect ed
Kin g .

A n in can t at io n again st an u n disco v ere d t hi ef .

l T h e stan za is u n in t el l ig i b l e .

2 S ti r r ed the m up M . H en ry st ri k es o u t 11d w h ich m ars t h e m et re,

a
nd t ran sl ate s :
‘
I h ave r e du ced t h e m t o im m o b il it y .
’

3 T w o th at thru st : p e rh ap s b ulls .

T h e p ro ced u re p rescri b ed in co n n ex io n w it h t h i s hym n in t h e Kau

—
sik a Sfi t ra X
LV I I I 4 0 4 3, w h ich co n sists i n tyin g t w o t h r ead s, o n e
— .

b l ack an d o n e red , t o a st ri p ed frog an d p l u n g in g t h e an im al in t o h o t

w at er, doe s not t h ro w m u ch l ig h t on t h is very o b scu re in can tat io n .

S ee M H
’
. e n ry s n o t e .

T h e hy m n has b een transl at ed b y Lud w ig, Der R igveda, I I I p 51 7 . . .

37 6 m s H YM N S or [ BOOK 7 11 .

Y M N XC V I H .

T H E k i n e ar e re st i ng in t h e stall h o m e , to he r n e st

hath fl o w n t h e b ird ,

T h e h ill s ar e fi r m ly ro o te d I h ave fi x ed th e k i d n ey s
i n t h e i r p l ace .

Y M N XC V IIH .

A s w e h av e h e re e l e ct ed t h ee sk ill ed H o tar t o day ,

-

as t h i s o u r sacr ifi c e p ro ce e de t h ,

C o m e t o t h e fi r m p l ace m i g h t i e st ! y ea c o m e fi rm ly
, ,
.

K n o w i n g th e sacr ifi ce ap p ro ach t he S o m a , .

2 W i th k i n e c o n n ec t u s an d w i t h sp i ri t I n dra ! L o rd
, ,

of Ba
y S t e e ds w i t h
p ri n ce s an d w i t h fav o u r
, ,

W i th th e G o d de st i n ed p o r t i o n o f t h e B rah m an s
-
,

an d t h e g o o d w ill o f G o ds w h o m e r i t w o rshi p
-
.

3 T h e w illi n g G o ds w h o m G o d t h o u h ast b r o u gh t , ,

h i th e r se n d t h o u t o t h e i r o w n d w elli n g p l ace
,
-
,

O A g ni .

W h e n y e h av e eat en an d h av e dru n k sw eet j u i ces ,

e n d o w t h i s m an w i th p re c i o u s w e al t h y e V asu s , .

4 G o ds w e hav e m ade y o u r seats o f e asy access w ho

, , ,

p l e ase d w i t h m e h av e c o m e t o m y libat i o n
, .

B e ar i n g an d b r i n g i n g h i t h e r w ar d y o u r t re asu re s ,

aft e r t he r i ch w ar m b e v e ra e m o u n t t o h eav e n
g .

5 G o t o t h e sacr ifi c e go t o it s m ast e r Sacr ifi c e ! T o

, ,

t hy bi r th p l ac e g o w i t h S v fih fi
-
.

A n in can t at io n again st an u n d i sco v ered t h ie f.

T he stan za is q
a se u el to H ym n XC V .

T h e hy m n co n sists o f a series o f sacrifi cial fo rm u l as .

1 T h e stan za is tak en , w it h v ar iat io n s, fro m R ig veda III . 29 . 16 .

T o the fi r m p l ace th e san ct u ary . Or t h e t ran sl at ion m ay be Com e

fi rm l y , 0 m ost m igh t y ! y ea, co m e fi rm l y .

2 T ak en , w it h v ari at io n s, fr o m R ig ve da V . 42 4. .

4 E asy o f access t h at is, we h av e k i n dl ed A gn i in order t h at h e

m ay sh o w us t h e w a t o h eav en
’
— H en r
y .
y .

5 Stanzas 5— 8 are n on m et rical

-
in t h e o rigin al .
37 3 m s H rm vs or [ B OOK V I I .

H YM N C .

I T UR N aw a y fro m e v il d re am ,
fro m d ream of si n ,
fro m 1 n d1g e n ce .

I m ak e t h e p ray e r m i n e i n m o st fr i e n d . H e n ce !
t o r tu r i ng dr e am y p h an t asi e s !

H Y M N CI .

T 11 11 fo o d th at i n a dr e am I eat is n ot
p e i
r ce v e d
at e ar ly m orn .

M ay al l t h at fo o d h e bl e st to m e be cau se i t is not

se e n by day .

H Y M N CI I .

V VH EN Ih av e w o r sh ip p e d H e ave n an d E art h, re ver

s n e e d F i r m ani e n t an d D e at h ,

I w ill m ak e w at e r stan d in up L e t n o t th e S o v
g .

r an s i nj u r e m e .

Y M N CIII H .

W H A T p r i n ce ly w arr i o r see k i ng h ig he r fo rt u n e w il l
, ,

fr e e u s fro m t h i s sh am e fu l fi e n d o f m i sc h i e f ?

W h at fr i e n d o f sac rifi ce w h at g u e rdo n l o ve r W h o -

w i n n e th m id t h e G o ds a l o n g e x i st en ce ?
’

A ch arm again st n igh t m are .

I tu rn aw ay : an d l ie o n m y o t h er sid e . M i nc i m m ost f i
r en d cf. I 19 4
. . .

T ra nsl at e d b y Lu d w ig, De r R ig ved a, I I I p 4 98 . . .

A ch arm again st n i gh t m are .

T he f ood d ream i n g of eate n foo d is u n l u ck y, an d re u ires a q p ur i fi

cat io n .

A ch ar m t o o b tain p ardo n fo r an in decen t act .

T h e stan za i s co n sid ere d t o b e o n e o f t h e svastyc ganas o r charm s to

e n su r e su ccess See Kau sik aa S fit ra L I I 1 5
. . .

T he cry o f an u ne m l
p y o ed p ri est .

P r i n cel y w ar ri or : o r Ksh at riya F i end of m i schi ef : h ere , ap p aren t

.

l y , m ean in g t h e dem o n of po v ert y A l o ng exi stence a l o n g l ife in

.

h eav e n as t h e rew ard o f t h e sacr ifi ces w h ich I am ready t o perform

fo r an y em p l oyer See Lu dw ig, Der R ig veda, III p 269
. . . .
H u m T H E A T H A R V A V E DA -
. 37 9

H YM N C IV .

WH O w ill p re
p are t h e dap p l e d C o w , g oo d m il k e r,
’
ne er w it ho u t ca lf , w ho m V ar u na g a ve A t h ar van ,

n d, i n B r ih asp at i s
’
A j o yi ng lli an ce
a , arran g e acc o rd
i n g to hi s w ill h e r b o dy ?

YM N C V H
L E A V I NG h u m an i ty b e h i n d m ak i n g t h e h e av e n l y ,

w o r d th y c h o i ce ,

W i t h al l t h y fr i e n ds addr ess t h y se l f t o fu r th er i ng
an d g u i di ng m e n .

H YM N C V I .

E A C H t h o u gh t l ess ill t h at w e h av e do n e 0 A g n i , ,

al l e rr o r i n o u r co n du c t Jdtav e d as ,

T h e re fr o m d o t h e n 0 sap i e n t G o d , p rese r v e
,
us .

M ay we t h y fr i e n d s, fo r b li ss, h ave li fe e t e r n al .

H YM N CV I I .

T H E se v en b r i gh t b e am s o f S fi rya b r i ng th e w at e rs
do w n w ar d fr o m t he sk y ,
T he st r eam s o f o ce an : t h e se h av e m ade th e st n i g
t h at p ai n ed t h e e d r o p aw ay .

A p raye r fo r p rosp e ri ty .

Who w h at God T he dap p l ed Cow

. t he sym bo l of Pl en t y . Wh om
V ar m j a gave A thar van see V I I . .

A n in it iat io n fo rm u l a .

T he st an za is sp o k en b y t h e A ch fi ry a o r sp ir it u al t each er i n t h e
up an ay an a cerem o n , w h en h e in v est s t h e re l i g io u s st u d e n t w it h t h e
y
sacri fi cial t h read, in st ru ct s h im i n t h e V eda, an d i h im au t h o r i ty
g v es
t o t each .

A p rayer fo r pardo n .

A gn i is en t reat e d t o p reser ve t h e p r iests fro m t h e co nse qu en ces of

any erro r i n co n du ct ing d i vin e wo rsh ip .

A ch arm agai n st co u gh .

T he su n b eam s m ay b e said t o cau se t h e w ate rs to descen d ia as

-

m u ch as t h ey h ave fi rst d raw n t h em u p in t h e sh ap e o f vap o u r . T he

w ate r is t o b e u sed in r insin g t h e m o u t h o f t h e p at ien t T he sti ng .

t he p rick ing o r t ick l ing sensat io n in th e throat .

380 T H E s u ms or a
[ c o x 7 1 1 .

H Y M N C V III .

W H o so b y steal th o r o p e n ly w o u l d h arm u s, a fri e n d

w h o k n o w s u s o r a st ran e r , A n i !
, g g
M ay t he st ran g e sh e he n d ar m e d w i th t e e th at tack
-

t h e m : 0 A g n i , t h e ir s b e n e i t he r h o m e n o r c h il d ren !
2 W h o so o p p resse t h u s, 0 Jhtavedas, asl ee p o r w ak i ng,
st an di n t ill m i
g s o r o v n
g,
A cco rdan t w i th V ai s vfi n ara t hy c o m rade , O Jdtavedas,
m e e t t h em an d co n su m e th e m .

H Y M N CIX .

M r h o m ag e to t h e st ro ng , t h e bro w n , t h e so v ran
l o rd am o ng th e di ce
B u t te r o n K al i I besto w : m ay he be k i n d to o n e li k e m e .

2 B e ar b ut t er t o t h e A sarase s, O A g n i , an d t o t h e
p
D i ce b ear d u st an d san d an d w ate r .

T h e G o ds de li gh t i n b o t h o bl ati o n s, j o yi ng i n sacr i
fi c ial g i fts ap p o r t i o n ed d u ly .

3 T h e A sar ases tak e p l e asu r e i n t h e ban q u e t bet wee n

t he S
u n an d th e lib at i o n ho l d e r -
.

W i t h b u t te r l e t t h e m fill m y h ands, an d g i ve m e ,
t o b e m y p re y , t h e m an w h o p l ay s agai n st m e .

4 E v il b e m i n e o p p o n e n t s l u ck S p r i n k l e t h o u b u t t er
’

o ver u s .

A p rayer fo r p ro t ect io n .

2 Wi th V ai svdnar a A gn i in an o th er character bein g h ere regard ed

a sep arate de it y .

T ran sl ated b y Lu d w ig, Der R ig ved a, I I I p 51 7 . . .

A p rayer t o e n su re su cce ss in gam b l in g .

1 T he bro wn : t h e n u ts o f t h e V i b hidak a, o r, l ate r, V ib h itak a, t ree

( T er m in a l i a B e l l e r i ca ) w e re u se d a s d i e s in e a r l y t i m es S ee R ig ve d
. a
X 34 l
. . . Kal i t h e d ie, o r side o f a d ie, w h ich is m ark ed w it h o n e
p o i n t ; t h e ace (p e r so n i fi e d as an e v il g e n i u s in t h e p oe m o f N a l a) .

Kal i is p ro pi t iate d w i th sacri fi cial b u t te r o n acco u n t o f h is ru ino u s

p o w e r as t h e w o r s t t h ro.w
2 T o the A p sar ases w h o p reside o ver dice an d in fl u en ce t h e gam
b l e r s l u ck Sec I I 2 5 ; I V 38 1 — 4 V I 1 1 8 l Dust : ap pare n t l y,
’
. . . . . . . .

t h e di ce , aft e r b ein g d ip p ed i n b u t t e r, w ere dried in san d, an d t h e n

w ash ed w it h wate r See M H e n ry s n o te
’
. . .

3 B etween the Sun and the l i batio n ho l der -

t h at is, in m i d air -
.
ass m s s u ms or [ s o ar VI I .

H Y M N CXI .

B ELLY o f I n d ra ar t t h o u , S o m a h o l de r ! th e v e ry so u l -

o f G o ds an d h u m an b e i n s
g .

H e r e h e t h e si r e o f o ffs p r i n g , th i n e h e re p re se n t !
H e r e b e t he y g l ad i n t h e e w h o n o w are e l se w h e re .

H Y M N CXII .

R A DI A NT w i t h li g h t are H e av e n an d E arth , w h o se
r ac e is n i h , w h o se s w ay is v ast
g g .

S e ve n G o ddesse s h av e fl o w e d t o u s : m ay th ey de li ver
u s fr o m w o e ;

2 R e l e ase m e fro m t h e cu rse s b o n d an d p l ag u e t h at

’

co m e s fro m V ar u na ;
F r e e m e fr o m Yam a s fe t t e r and fr o m e ve ry sin
’

ag ai n st t h e G o ds .

H Y M N CXIII .

R O UGH Pl an t , t h o u r o u g h r u de p arasi te , cu t t h o u
t h at m an , 0 R o u g h an d R u de ,
T h at t h o u m ay st h i n de r fro m h is act t h at m an i n al l
h is m an ly st re n g th .

2 T h o u , r u gge d Pl an t , ar t r u de an d r o u gh V i sh a , ,

V ish atak i ar t t h o u ,

A p ray er fo r p roge ny .

S o m a h o l der : t he reser vo ir co n t ain in g t h e cl arifi ed So m a u i ce is

-
j
ad d resse d as t h e re p rese n tat i ve o f t h e d ei t y I l er e p r esen t d tr a, h e re ,
.

i n st ead o f dszi , in t h e se fem al es T h e readin g o f t h e te xt m ay b e t raced

.

t o t h e e m p l o ym en t o f t h e st an za at a vgi sh o tsar ga, t h e l i b e rat io n

-

o f a b ul l ( acco rd i n g t o so m e au t h o r i t ies, w it h fo u r h e i fe rs) o n t h e

o c cas io n o f a sacr ifi ce o r as a re l igio u s o b se rvan ce ge n e ral l y See M . .

H enry s n o t e E l sewher e : i n t h e o t h er w o rl d
’
. .

A p ray e r fo r p ro t ect io n an d freedo m fro m sin .

1 S even God d esses t h e Se ve n R i v e rs See I V 6 2 [ p as a gl oss

. . . .

t h at m ars t he m et re : d sho u ld b e re ad
‘

Se e M H en ry s n o t e
’
. . .

2 T h is st anza, tak en fro m R igv eda X 97 1 6, occu rs also i n A V

, . . . .

V I 96 2
. . .

’
A w o m an s in can tat io n again st a ri val .

1 T h e w o m an appears t o address so m e an t i-ap h rod isiac p l an t .

2 V i shd, V i shd w k i so m e u n k n o wn h e rbs : Po iso n an d Po iso n

d rau gh t acco rdin g t o Pro f Web er T he secon d l in e is add ressed
’
. .

t o t h e ab sen t ri val A bar r en cow o n accou n t o f great age

. .

T he hym n h as b een tran sl at ed b y Weber, I ndisch e St u di en, V p 252 . . .

H YM N 1 1 53] T H E A T H A R VA V E DA -
. 38 3

Th at t h o u m ayst be cast o ff by h im , as by a b u ll a
b arren c o w .

H Y M N CXI V .

I H A V E e x t ract e d fro m t h y si de s, I h av e e xt rac ted

fr o m t h y h e art ,
I h av e e x t rac t e d fr o m th y face t h e st re ngt h an d
s l e n do u r t h at w e re t h i n e
p .

2 L e t p ai n an d su ffe r i n g p ass aw ay , l e t car e s an d cu r ses

v an i sh h e n c e .

L e t A g n i sl ay t h e fi e n di sh h ags, So m a k ill b ag s w h o
t ro uIi l e u s .

H YM N C X V .

H E vil F o rtu n e ! fly aw ay , v an i sh fro m t h i s

e nc e ,

p l a c e an d fr o m t h at .

W e fi x th e e w i t h an i r o n h o o k u n to t h e m an w h o
h ate t h u s .

2 G ran t i n g u s r i ch e s, Sav i tar ! g o l de n h an de d, se n d -

t h o u aw ay fro m u s t o o t h e r re g i o n s
T h at F o rt u n e w h o , fl yi ng ab o m i n abl e , h at h, as a ,

c r e e p e r c li m b s a t re e , assail e d m e .

3 O n e an d a h u n d r e d F o r t u n e s al l t o g e t h e r are at h is
bi r t h bo rn w i t h a m o r tal s b o dy ’
.

O f t h ese w e se n d aw a t he m o st u n l u ck y : k e e p
l u ck y o n es fo r u s, 0 stav e das .

C o n cl u sio n of
t h e i n can tat io n in H ym n C XI I I .

l A dd ressed t o t h e b e w i t ch ed riv al .

2 F i en d i sh hags said w it h refe ren ce to t h e w o m an who has b een

h er ri val .

A ch arm agai nst M isfo rt u n e .

1 E vi l F or tu ne Lak sh m i 3 m o re usu all y t h e Go d dess of g od

o l u ck .

S ee I 1 8 1
. . .

3 One an d a hun d r ed : see V . 18 1 2

. .

A cco rd i n g t o t h e p ro ced ure p re scrib ed in t h e R an sik e Sfi t ra, XV I I I -

.

1 6— 1 8, a h oo k is to b e at tach ed to t h e l e ft l eg o f a b l ack b ird

( p
e x l ain e d b
y D i r i l a as a cro w ), a r i ce cak e i s t o b e h u n g o n-
t h e h oo k ,

an d t h e b ird i s t o b e l et fl as t h e fi rst st an za is re cit ed

y .

T ran sl at ed b y M u i r , O S T exts , V p 348 Lu d w ig, Der R igveda,

. . . .

III p . . an d Gri ll , H un dert Li ed er, pp 4 1 , 1 87 . .

334 T H E A T H A R V A VE DA -
.
[ B OOK VI I .

I have di sp ar te d these an d t ho se li k e c o w s w h o st ray

o n c o m m o n l an d .

H e re l e t au sp i c i o u s F o r tu n e s stay : h e nc e h ave I
ban i sh e d e v i l o n es .

H Y M N CXV I .

H O M A G E to h im t he b u r n i n g o n e sh ak er , e x c i te r v i o l e n t ! , ,

H o m age t o h im t h e co l d w ho act s acco rdi n g to h is

an c i e n t w ill !
2 M ay h e , t h e l aw l e ss o n e , w h o co m es al t e rn at e o r t w o
fo ll o w i n g day s, p ass o v e r an d p o sse ss t h e fr o g .

H Y M N CX V II .

C O M E h i th e r, I n dra, w i th b ay steeds, j o yo u s, w thi

t ail s li k e p e ac o ck p l u m e s .

L e t n o ne i m p ede t h y w ay as fo w l e rs stay th e bi rd
o e r d e se r t l an ds
’ ’

p as s o e r t h e m as .

Y M N CX V II I H .

T H Y v i tal p ar ts I co v er w i t h t h i n e ar m o u r : w i t h
i m m o r tali ty K i ng S o m a cl o t h e t h e e
V aru na g i ve t h e e w h at is m o r e th an am p l e an d m ,

t hy t r i u m p h l e t t h e G o ds b e j o y fu l .

A ch arm again st Fe v er .

1 H o m ag e T e k m an o r Fev er is addressed as a dee d, a su p ern a

t u ral b ei n g o r Go d t o w h o se in fl u en ce t h e d isease m ay b e at t r ib u te d .

See n o te o n I 25 1 Sim il arl y

.
p e s
.t o
. r f e ve r w as fo r m e r l , an d is
y
st il l am on g t h e su p e rst i t io u s Sl aves, h e ld t o b e a fem al e de it y o r sp ir i t

of ev l i
’
—
. Bari n g Go u l d, Stran ge Su rv i val s, p 4 7
-
. .

2 T he f r og : w h ich occ u p ies an im p o rt an t p l ace i n t he at t en d an t

p roced u re p re scri b ed i n t h e Kau si k a S fi t ra, I I 1 7 T h e fro g , -
XXX . .

w h ich h as t w o d i ffe re n t co l o u red stri n g s t ied ro u n d i t , rel ie ves t h e

at ie n t o f h is di sease S e e V I I 9 5 3 n o te
p , . . . .

An au sp icio u s fo rm u l a t o en su re p ro sp e r i t y .

T h e st an za is tak e n fro m R ig veda I I I 4 5 1 , fo u n d . . al so i n Sfim a

v eda I iii ii I 4 , an d I I v i ii iii l
. . . . . . . .

A b en ed ictio n o n a w arrio r .

T h e stan za is tak en fro m R igv eda V I 7 5 1 8 t h e d eifi ed o b ects o f .

, j
t h e o rig in al h ym n b e in g am o u r an d w arl ik e w eapo n s, ch ario te e r ,
ch ar io t, h o rses, an d t u t el ary de i t ies I t occu rs al so in Sam aveda I I . .

i x iii 8 l
. . A r m o u r t h e vdr m an o r co at o f m ail p ro te c ted t h e sh o u l d
. . .

e rs, b ack , ch est , an d l o w er p ar ts o f t h e b ody I f n o t m ade o f m et al , .

i t was stren g th en ed an d ado rn ed w i th m e tal of so m e k in d .

386 T H E g r a ms OF [ BOOK VI I I .

7 L et no t th y g so u l o t h th e r , n o r b e
l i
o st t o u s : sli h t
g
n ot t h e li v i n g o n o t w h e r e t h e F at h e rs are
g , .

L e t al l t h e G o d s r e t ai n t h e e h e re i n safe t y .

8 Y e ar n n o t fo r t h e de p ar te d o n es fo r t ho se w h o l e ad ,

m e n far aw ay .

R ise u p fr o m dark n ess i n t o lig h t : co m e b o th t hy ,

han ds w e cl asp i n o u rs .

9 L e t n o t t h e b l ac k do g an d th e b r i n dl e d se i ze th e e ,

t w o w ard e r s o f t h e w ay se n t fo r t h by Yam a .

C o m e h i th e r ; do n o t h e si t at e : w i t h m i n d ave rt ed
st ay n o t t he re .

1 0 F o r b e ar t o t r e ad t h i s p at h fo r it is aw fu l t hat p at h
,

I sp eak o f w h i ch t ho u h ast n o t t r ave ll e d .

E n te r i t n o t 0 m an t h i s w ay is dark n e ss : fo r w ard
,

is dan ge r h i t h e r w ar d is safe t y
, .

1 1 T h y g u ard i an s b e t h e Fi r es w i th i n t h e W ate rs ,

t h y g u ard i an b e t h e Fi r e w h i c h m e n e n k i n dl e .

T hy g u ardi an b e V ais vfi mara Jstav e das l et no t .

ce l e st i al Fi r e w i t h li g h t n i n g b u r n t h e e .

1 2 L e t n o t t h e Fl e sh C o n su m e r p l o t ag ai n st t h e e
-

de p art t h o u far aw ay fr o m th e D e st ro y e r .

Be H e av e n an d E ar t h an d S u n an d M o o n t h y k e e p e rs,
an d
fro m th e dart o f G o d s m ay A ir p ro te ct t h e e .

1 3 M ay V i g il an ce an d Wat c h fu l n e ss p r o te c t t h e e , S l e e p
l ess an d S l u m be rl e ss k ee p g u ar d abo ve t h ee !
L e t G u ardian an d l e t W ak e fu l b e t hy w arde rs .

1 4 L et t he se b e t h y p re se r ve rs, t h e se t hy k e e p e rs .

A l l h ail t o t h ese , t o t h e se b e l o w ly w o rsh ip

15 M ay i
sav n g S av i tar , V il y u , I n d ra D h étar r esto re ,

t h e e t o co m m u n i o n w i t h t he li vi n g .

L e t n o t th y v i g o u r o r t h y b reat h fo rsak e t h ee : w e
re c al l t hy li fe .

9 T w o w ar der s see V . 30 6 . .

1 2 T he F l esh Con su m er
-
A g n i Kravy iid, t h e fi re of u
t h e f n eral p il e .

C f II I
. .

1 3 V ig i l an ce, Watchf u l n ess , an d t h e o t h ers are t h e Gen n o f l iv in g m en .

11 m m m s s em e n m m -
. 387

L et not fi e n d w i th snap p i n g j aw s n o r dark n ess fi n d

th e ,

t h e e : to n gu e ,h o ly grass : h o w sh o u l dst t h o u p e r i sh ?
M ay t he A di ty as an d th e V asu s I n d ra an d A g n i ,

rai se t h e e an d t o he al t h re st o r e t h e e .

T h e S k y h ath rai se d t hee an d th e E art h P raj ap at i , ,

h ath rai se d th e e u p .

T h e Pl an ts an d H e r b s w i th So m a as th e i r K i n g h ave
r e sc ue d t h e e fro m D e at h .

H er e l et this,
m an , 0 G o ds , re m a n :i l e t h im no t g o

to y o n de r w or ld .

We r e sc u e h im fr o m M ri tyu w i t h a ch arm t h at h ath

a t h o u san d p o w e rs .

I h av e de li ve r e d t h e e fro m D e at h . S t re n g th g i v e rs-

sm e lt an d fash i o n t h e e !
L e t n o t sh e fi e n ds w i t h w il d-
l o o se l o ck s , or fearfu l
b o w l e rs y e ll at t h e e .

I h av e at ta i n ed an d cap tu re d th e e : th o u h ast re tu r n

e d r e st o r ed to y o u th ,

Pe r fe c t in bo dy : so h ave I fo u n d al l th y sigh t an d
al l t hy
li fe .

Li fe h ath b r e ath e d on th ee li gh t hath co m e dark

n e ss h at h p ast aw a y fro m t hee .

F ar fr o m t h e e we h ave b u ri e d D eat h b u ri ed D e ,

str u c t o n an d
i De c li n e .

1 6 T h e fi en d w i th sn ap p i n g j aw s j am bh dh sd rhhan u s ; see II 4 2
. . .

T o ng u e, ho l y gr ass t h e co n st ru ct io n an d m ean in g are o b scu re Pro f . .

L u d w ig su ggests dbar hi h instead o f bar /t ilt, an d t ransl at es n ich t d ie

zu n ge e u si ch re isze n
’
.

1 9 S tr eng th g i ver s sm el t an d f ashi o n thee

-
m ay t h e v igoro us b reat h e
u p o n t h ee — M u i r
’
. See V II I 2 4
. . . .

21 Decl i ne y dksh m a, p u l m o n ar
y co n su m p ti o n .

T ran sl ate d b y M u ir, O S T exts, V 4 4 4, an d L u d w ig , De r R ig veda,

. . .

I II. 4 95
388 T H E H YM N S OF [ B OOK VI I I .

H YM N I I .

s to t hy sel f t h i s t r u st o f l 1 fe fo r ev er : t h i n e b e
s

l o n ge v i ty w h i ch n o th i n g sh o rt e n s .

T h y sp i r i t an d t h y li fe agai n I b r i n g th e e die n o t ,
n o r v an i sh i n t o m i st an d dark n e ss .

2 C o m e t o t h e l ig h t o f l i v i n g m e n c o m e h i t h er ,

I d raw t h e e t o a li fe o f h u n dre d au tu m n s
’

Lo o si ng t h e bo n ds o f D e at h t h e c u rse t h at h o lds ,

t h ee I g i ve t h ee ag e o f v e ry l o n g du rat i o n
, .

3 T h y br eat h h av e I re co v ere d fro m t h e W i n d t h y ,

v i si o n fr o m t he S u n .

T h y m i n d I st abli sh an d se cu re w i th i n t h e e fe e l i n
t h y m e m b e rs u se t h y t o n gu e co n ve rsi n g
, , .

I bl o w u p o n t h e e w i t h t h e b reath o f bi p eds and

q u adru p e ds as o n a fi re n e w k i n dl ed
,
-
.

T o t h e e 0 D eat h an d t o t h y si g ht an d b re at h have
, ,

I p ai d rev e re n ce .

5 L e t t h i s m an li ve l et h im n o t die : w e rai se hi m , ,

w e r e co v er h im .

I m ak e
fo r h im a h e ali n g bal m . 0 D eath , fo r b ear t o
sl a t h i m an
y s .

6 H e re fo r so u nd h e al th I
'

i n vo cat e a li vi n g i
an m at n g i
p l an t ,

P re se r v i ng q u e ll e r o f d i sease v i cto ri o u s fu ll o f
, , ,

p o w e r an d m i g h t .

7 S e i z e h i m n o t b u t e n co u rage an d el ease h i m
, h e re
l e t h i m st ay t h o u gh t h i n e i n al l his v ig o u r
, ,
.

B h av a an d Sarva p i ty an d p ro t e c t h i m : g i ve h im ,

fu ll li fe an d dr i ve aw ay m i sfo r t u n es .

A ch ar m or in can tat io n d esign ed t o reco ve r a m an w h o i s at t he

oin t o f d eat h , or e ve n to recal l t h e de p arte d sp iri t
p .

3 T hy breath at deat h , l ik e goes t o l ik e T h e su n rece iv e t hi ne

( sigh t
) t h e w in d t hy sp irit ( R ig veda X 1 6 C f al so
’
ey e or thy , . . .

A V
. . XI 8 31
. . .

7 B hava and San a see n o te o n IV . 28 l . .

390 T H E 11 1111 1113 OF [ BOOK 7 111 .

Pl easan tly sh i n e t h e S u n fo r t hee , th e W i n d bl o w

sw e e t l y t o t h h a t
y e r

L e t t h e ce l e sti al W ate rs fu ll o f m il k fl o w h ap p ily fo r

t hee .

A i i
u sp c o u s b e t h e Pl an t s t o t h e e ! I h av e u p rai se d
t h e e , bo rn e t h e e fr o m t h e l o w er t o t h e u p p e r e ar t h :
L e t t h e t w o S o n s o f A d i t i , t h e S u n an d M o o n ,
o te c t t h e e t h er e
p r .

W h ate v er ro be to co ve r th ee o r zo n e tho u m ak e st fo r
t hyse l f ,

W e m ak e i t p l e asan t t o t h y fram e : m ay it be so ft
an d sm o o th t o t o u c h .

W he n ,
w t h a v er
i y
k e e n and cl e an si n g raz o r , o ur h ai r
an d b e ar ds t h o u sh av e st as a b ar b e r ,
S m o o t h i n g o u r fac e st e al n o t o u r v i tal fo rce s .

A i i
u sp c o u s u n t o t he e be i
r c e an d bar l ey ,
i
c au s n
g no

p ain fu l si c k n e ss o r co n su m p ti o n .

T he se t w o e x p e l c o n su m p t i o n th ese de li ve r fro m ,

c al am i t y .

T h y fo o d t h y dri n k w h at e e r t h ey b e co r n g ro w n by
’

, , ,

c u l t i v at i o n m il k , ,

F o o d e atabl e u n eatabl e I m ak e al l p o i so n l e ss fo r
, ,

th ee .

We g i v et h e e o v e r as a c h arge t o D ay an d Ni g h t,
i n t r u st t o b o th .

K e e p h i m fo r m e fro m st i n gy fi e n ds, fro m tho se w h o

fai n w o u l d fee d on h im .

A h u n dr e d, y ea, t e n t ho u san d y e ars w e g i ve t he e ,

ag e s t w o , t h r e e , fo u r .

M ay I n dra, A g n i , al l t h e G ods, w i th w illi ng fav o u r

l o o k o n t h ee .

1 5 M oon : T h e M oo n is no t in t h e V ed as gen eral l y re ck o n ed am o n g

t he A d ityas ’
.
— M u ir .

1 7 T hou sh avest cau se st u s to sh av e as a sign o f m o u rn in g .

21 A g es y g
u as h e re m ean in g p ro b abl y g e n e rat io n s .
H YM N T H E A T H A R V A V E DA . 39 1

22 T oA u tu m n w e de li ve r t h e e , t o W i n te r , S pr i n g , an d
S u m m e r s c ar e
’
.

W e t ru st t h ee w i t h au sp i c i o u s y ears w h e re i n t h e
p l an t s an d h e r b s
g ro w u
p .

23 De at h is t he l o rd of b i p e ds ,
D e at h is so v ran l o rd of

q u adru p e ds .

A w ay I b e ar t h e e fr o m t h at De at h t h e r u l e r b e n o t
t h e n afrai d .

24 Th o u st ill u n i nj u r e d sh al t n o t die : b e n o t afrai d ;

, ,

t h o u shal t n o t d ie .

H e re w h e re I am m e n do n o t d ie o r g o t o l o w e st
d e p t hs o f g l o o m .

25 H er e v e r ily al l c r eatu res li v e t h e co w t h e h o r se t h e , , ,

m an , t h e b e ast ,
H ere w h e re t h is h o ly p ray e r is u se d , a ram p ar t t h at
p ro t ec t e t h l ife .

L e t it p r e se r v e t h ee fro m t hy p e e rs fro m
.

,
i n can tat i o n ,

fro m t h y fr i e n d s .

26 Li ve v e ry l o n g be h e al t h y b e i m m o r tal , ,
l et not th e
v i tal b re at h fo r sak e t h b o dy
y .

27 O n e an d a h u n d r e d m o de s o f de at h , dan g e rs t h at m ay
b e o v e rco m e,

M ay G o d s d e li v e r th e e fro m th i s w h en A g n i , de ar t o
al l m e n , bi ds .

28 B o dy A g n i p ro m p t t o
of sav e , sl a e r o f
y fi e nds an d
foe s art t h o u ,
Y e a ban i she r
, of m a ad l y , t h e he al i ng b al m ca l ed l
P ut u dr u .

27 On e an d a hu n dr ed m o d es o f d eath see n o t e o n V . 18 1 2. .

28 P atu d ru '
: t he Kh ad ira ( A cacia C at e c h u ) ,
o r, acco rd i ng to o t h e rs,

the Dc vadfiru ( Pin u s Deodar ) . M u ir an d Z im m er w r i te Pfi t adr u ,

’

w hi ch is said t o b e a n am e of t h e Pal hsa ( B u t e a F ro n d o sa

) .

T ran sl at ed b y M u i r, O . S . T ext s, V .
p.4 4 7 , an d b y Lu dw ig, De r
R ig ved a, I II p 4 9 6 . . .
392 T H E H YM N S or [ BOOK V11 1 .

YM N I II H .

I B A LM w i t h o il th e m igh ty de m o n sl ay e r t o t h e m o st -
,

fam o u s fr i e n d I c o m e fo r sh e l t e r .

E n k i n dl ed sh ar p e n e d by o u r r i t e s m ay A g n i p r o t ect
, ,

u s i n t h e da a n d n i h t fr o m e v il
y g .

2 O J et av e das ar m e d w i th t e e t h o f i ro n e n k i n dl e d
, ,

w i t h t h y fl am e at t ac k t h e de m o n s , .

S e i ze w i t h t h y t o n gu e t h e fo o li sh g o ds ado re rs : r e n d
’

u t w i t h i n t h y m o u t h t he r aw fl e sh e at e r s
p
- -
.

3 A p p ly t h y t e e t h t he u p p e r an d t h e l o w e r t h o u w h o
, ,

h ast b o t h e n k i n dl e d an d d est r o yi n g
,

R o am al so i n t h e air O K i n g ar o u n d u s an d w i th , , ,

t h y j aw s assail t h e w i c k e d sp i r i ts .

4 Pi erce t h ro u g h t h e Y At u dh an a s sk i n O A gn i ’
,

l e t t h e de str o yi n g dar t w i t h fi re c o n su m e h i m .

R e n d h is j o i n t s J stav e das ! l e t t h e e at e r o f raw fl e sh

, ,

se e k i n g fl e sh t ear an d de st r o y h i m
, .

5 W h e r e n o w t h o u se e st A g n i Jntavedas ! a Y At u dh dn a , ,

st an d i n st ill o r r o am i n
g g ,

O r o n e t h at fl ie t h t hro u g h t he a1 r s m id re g i o n -

k i n dl e d t o fu ry as an arc h e r p i e rc e h i m .

6 B e n di n g th y sh aft s t h ro u g h sacr ifi c e s A g n i d i p p i n g ,

t h i n e ar r o w s i n t h e h y m n to p o i n t t h e m ,

Pi e rce t o t h e h eart t he re w i t h t h e Y fit u dh hn as an d ,

b reak t h e i r ar m s u p li ft ed to attack t h e e .

T h e hym n is a p rayer f or t h e dest ru ct io n o f d em o ns .

l St a zas
n 1 — 23 are tak e n , w it h tran sp osi t i o n s an d o t h e r v ariat io n s,

f ro m R ig v eda X 8 7 1 — 23, ascr i b ed to t he R i sh i Phyu an d

.
ad d ressed
t o A g n i R ak sh o h h, t he Sl aye r o f R fi k sh asas .

2 Dem ons Yi t u dh i n as ( see I 7 . . I) exp l ai n ed b y Si yana as R i k

sh asas F oo l i sh g ods ad or er s m ar adevdn
’
. acco rd in g t o S fiyana

m ar anak r i ddn, sp o rt i n g in dest ru ct io n ,

’
an ep i t h et o f a p ar t i c u l ar

cl ass o f d em o ns .

4 T he eater of r aw
fl esh t h e w o l f or o ther carn i vo ro us w il d b east .
39 4 T H E H YM N S OF [ BOOK 7 11 1 .

E ach ar r o w y t au n t ps fed
ro m t h e an ry s i r i t ,
g p
p i e rc e t o t h e h e ar t t h e re w i t h t h e Y At u dh an as .

W i t h fe r ve n t h e at e x t e r m i n ate t h e de m o n s destro y
t h e fi e n ds w i t h g l o w an d fl am e O A g n i , .

D e st r o y w i th fi re t h e fo o li sh g o ds ado re rs dest ro y
’

t h e i n sati at e fi e r c e l y b u rn i n g c re at u re s
-
.

M ay Go d s de st r o y t o day th e e v il do e r : m ay u t te r e d
- -

c u rse s t u r n a ai n an d st ri k e h i m
g .

L e t ar r o w s p i e r ce t h e li ar i n h is V i tal s an d V i e va s
’

n e t e n c l o se t he Y fit u d h An a .

T h e fi e n d w h o sm e ars h i m se l f w i th fl e sh o f catt l e ,

w i t h fl e sh o f h o rse s an d o f h u m an bo d i e s ,

W h o st e al s t h e m il ch co w s m il k aw ay 0 A g n i
-
’
, ,

t e ar o ff t h e h e ads o f su c h w it h fi e ry fu ry .

L e t t h e fi e n ds st eal t h e p o i so n o f t h e cat tl e : m ay
A di t i cast o ff t h e e v i l do e rs -
.

M ay t h e G o d Sav i tar g i v e t h e m u p t o r u i n an d be ,

t h e i r share o f h e r bs an d p l an t s de n i e d t h e m .

T h e c o w g i ves m il k e ac h y e ar O M an B e h o l de r ,
-

l et not tast e it
t h e Y At u d h fi n a e ve r .

A g n i , if o n e sh o u l d g l u t h i m w i t h t h e bi e st i n gs,
p i e rce w i t h t h
y fl am e h is V i tal s as h e m e e ts t h e e .

A g n i , f ro m day s o f o l d t h o u sl ay e st de m o ns : n e ve r
h av e R it k sh asas i n fi g h t o e rc o m e th e e
’
.

B u r n u p th e fo o li sh o n e s, t h e fl e sh de vo u r e rs : l et -

n o n e o f t h e m e sca e t h h av e n ly ar r o w
p y e .

G u ard u s, O A g n i fr o m , b
a o v e an d u n d e r , p r o tec t u s

fr o m be h i n d an d fro m
b e fo r e u s
A n d m ay t h y fl am e s, m o st fi e rce an d n e v e r w ast i n g ,
g l o w i n g w i t h fe r v e n t h e at , co n su m e t h e si n ne r .

1 4 V i sec t h e oose o f al l p e rv ad in g
’
a n et : n -
A gn i .

1 6 Steal th e p o i son Of the cat tl e if t h ey tak e t h e m il k an d d r in k i t,

l e t i t p o iso n t h e m A cco rd in g t o Siayana : l e t t h em d ri n k ( t h e R ig ve da
.

h as p i ban tu ) t h e p o iso n o f t h e cat t l e ( w h ic h i s k ep t in t h e h o u se ),

p e rh a s so m e
p p o iso n o us o in t m e n t used fo r exte rn al app l icat io n o n l
y .
H YM N T H E A T H A R V A V E DA -
. 395

F ro m re ar , fro m fro m fr o n t , fro m u n de r , b

a o v e u s,
A g n i , p ro t e ct u s as a sag e w i t h w i sd o m .

G u ard to o l d ag e t h y fri e n d as fr i e n d e te r n a l
O A g n i , as i m m o r tal , g u ar d u s m o rt al s .

Le n d th o u th e w o rsh i p p e r t h at e ye 0 A g ni w h e re , ,

w i t h t h o u l o o k e st o n t h e h o o f ar m e d de m o n s -
.

W i t h li g h t ce l e st i al in A t har v an s m an n e r b u rn u p ’

t h e fo o l w h o r u i n s t ru th w i t h fal se h o o d .

W e se t t he e ro u n d u s as a fo r t vi c t o r io u s A g n i ! ,

t hee , a sage ,
In co n q u e ri n g co o u r l day by day , d e str o y e r of t he
t re ac h e r o u s fo e .

W i th dead ly p o i so n st ri k e t h o u bac k t h e treac hero u s

b ro o d o f R Ak sb asas ,

O A g n i w i th t hy sh ar pe n e d g l o w w i th ray s t h at
, ,

fl ash w i t h p o i n t s o f flam e .

A g n i sh i n e s far an d w i de w i t h l o fty s p l e n do u r ,

an d by h is g r e at n e ss m ak e s al l t h i n gs ap p are n t .

H e c o n q u e rs g o d l e ss an d m ali g n e n c han t m e n t s ,

an d sh ar p e n s b o t h his h o r n s t o g o re t h e o g r e s .

T h y t w o u n w ast i n g h o r n s O J stav e das k e e n p o i n t e d , ,

-

w e ap o n s sh ar p e n e d by d e v o t i o n
,

W i t h t h e se t ran sfi x t h e w i ck e d so u l e d Ki m l di n w i t h -
,

fi e rce flam e JAtave das ! w h e n he m e e t s t h e e

,
.

B rig h t radi an t m ee t t o b e ado r e d i m m o rtal w i t h

, , ,

r e fu l e n t g l o w
g ,

A g n i dr i v es R ak sh asas aw ay .

21 H oof -
ar m ed : st rik in g w it h t he h oo f . A cco rd in g to sayana,

h av ing I n A tharv an l ik e A t h ar van t h e

’
n ail s
’
l ik e hoo fs
‘
. s m an ner :

an cie n t p r iest w h o is said to h av e b ee n t h e fi rst w ho o b tai n ed fi re an d

o ffe red b u rn t o b l at io ns .

22 T h is A n u sh tn p stan za is fo u n d al so i n V I I 7 1 . .

24 T ak en fro m Rg
i v e d a V . 2 9 . .

25 Ki m i di n : see I V II 1
. . .

26 T aken fro m R igveda V I I 1 5 1 0 . . .

396 T H E H YM N S OF [ B OOK V 11 1 .

H YM N I V .

I NDR A an d S o m a, b u r n de st r o y t h e de m o n fo e !
,

S e n d d o w n w ar d, O y e B u ll s t h o se w h o ad d gl o o m
,

t o gl o o m .

A n n i h il at e t he fo o l s, sl ay t h e m an d b u rn t h e m u p
c h ase t h e m aw ay fr o m u s, i r c e t h e v o r ac i o u s
p e
fi e n ds .

2 L et I n dra an d S o m a ! ro u n d th e w i ck ed bo il li k e
si n , ,

as a c al d r o n se t am i d t h e fl am e s o f fi re .

A gai n st t h e fo e o f p ray e r e at e r of
g o ry fl e sh , ,

t h e fe ar fu l e y e d K i m i di n k e e p p e r p e t u al h at e
-
, .

3 I n dra an d S o m a p l u n g e t h e w i c k e d i n t h e de p t h
, ,

e a c ast t h e m i n t o d ar k n e ss t h at h ath n o s u t
y , pp o r ,

S o t h at no t o ne of them m ay e v e r t h e n ce r e t u rn so

m ay yo u r w r at h fu l m i gh t p re vail an d c o n q u e r t h e m .

4 I n dra and So m a, h u r l y o u r d ead ly c r u sh i ng b o l t

do w n o n t h e w i ck e d fi e n d fr o m h e ave n an d fro m
t h e e ar t h .

Y e a, fash i o n fro m t h e b ig c l o u ds y o u r ce l est ial dart

w h e r e w i t h ye bu r n t o d eat h t h e w ax i n g d e m o n
r ac e .

5 I n d ra an d So m a, c ast
y e d o w n w ard fr o m th e sk y

y o u r de adly bo lt s of st o n e bu r n i ng i
w th fi e ry
fl am e ,
E t e rn al , sc o rc h i n g dart s Pl u n ge t h e v o rac i o u s fi e n ds
.

w i t h i n t h e de p t h , an d l e t t h e m p ass w i th o u t a
so u n d .

T h e h ym n co n sist s m ain l y o f a se ries o f i m p recat io n s direct ed again st

d em on s an d ev il sp ir it s, R i k sh asas an d Y ét u dhfin as .

1 T h e w h o l e h y m n is tak en , w it h u n im p o rt an t v arian ts, f ro m B ig

v ed a V I I 104 , at t r ib u t e d t o t h e fam o u s R ish i V asish th a
. I n dr a an d .

S o m a : i n d i dso m d ; add r essed as a d u al d e it y T h e dem o n f o e Ri k .

ab ase s, fi en d s, de m o n s, w h o w an de r ab o u t at n ig h t , d ist u rb in g sacri

fi ces an d d e v o u t m e n , e n sn ari n g an d e v en de vo ur in g h u m an b ei n gs,
an d g e n e ral l y h ost i l e t o t h e h u m an race .

1 Ki m i d i n : see I 7 1
. . .

5 Wi thou t a sou n d so su dden l y t hat t h ey h av e n ot t im e to cry out .

398 TH E H YM N S or [ B OO K 7 1 11 .

N e ve r do t h S o m g t h e w i
a aid an d
ck e d o r h i m u i de
w h o fal se ly cl ai m s t h e W ar r i o r s t i t l e
’
.

H e sl ay s t h e fi e n d an d h im w h o sp eak s u n truly
bo t h l ie e n tan g l e d i n t h e no o se o f I n dra .

A s if I w o rsh ip p e d
de i t i e s o f fal se h o o d , o r t h o u gh t
v ai n t h o u h t s ab o u t t h e Go ds O A i
g g n ,

W hy ar t t h o u an g ry w i th u s, JAtav e das D est ru o ?

t i o n fall o n t h o se w h o l ie agai n st t h e e
die t h i s day if I h ave h arasse d an y m an s
I ’
So m ay
li fe , o r i f I b e a de m o n .

Y e a, m ay h e l o se al l h is t e n so n s t o ge th e r w h o w i th
fal se t o n gu e h at h call ed m e Y a tu dha na .

M ay I n dra sl ay h i m w i t h a m i g hty w eap o n an d l e t ,

t h e v il e st o f al l cr e atu re s p e r i sh ,

T h e fi e n d w h o say s t h at h e is p u r e w h o cal l s m e ,

a de m o n t h o u gh dev o i d o f de m o n n at u r e .

S h e t o o w h o w an de rs li k e an o w l at n i g h t t i m e -
,

h i d i n g h e r bo dy i n h e r g u il e an d m ali c e ,

M ay sh e fal l d o w n w ard i n t o e n dl e ss cave r n s M ay .

r e ss sto n e s w i t h l o u d r i n d est ro y t h e d e m o n s
p g
-
.

1 3 T he Warr i or s t i tl e ’
t he ran k o f a Ksh at riya or p ri n ce o f the
m il it ary o rd e r . T h e fi rst e l e ve n v e rses are co n sid er ed t o be a m al e

d ict io n on t he d shasas b
y t h e ( f i eld . T o acco u n t fo r t h e chan g e of to n e

[ i n 1 2— 1 6
] d agsa g i v es an u n u su al v ersio n o f t h e l egen d to l d in t h e
M ah d blt dr a ta of k in g Kal m dshap dd a b e in g t ran sfo rm ed to a d sh asa,

an d d e vo u rin g t h e 1 00 so n s of V asi s
h th a h ere it is said t h at a

d h avin g de vo u re d t h e i s so n s, assu m e d h is sh ap e, an d
’
slta sa, R sh i
“
said to h im ,
I am V asish t h a, t h o u art th e d sha sa t o w h ic h
V as ish t h a re
p l ied b y re p e at i n g t h is v e rse
[ ’
st an za 1 2] d e cl arat o r
y of

h is d iscr im in at in g b e t w ee n t r u t h an d fal seh oo d — W i l so n . .

T he v erses m a
y , as P ro fe sso r M ax M ii l l e r su p p ose s, h av e arise n o u t

V as ish t ha s co n te st w i t h V isvam it ra, an d it h av e b ee n t h e l at

’
of m ay

t e r pe rso n ag e w h o b ro u gh t t h ose ch arges o f h e resy, an d o f m u rd ero u s

an d dem o n acal ch arac te r aga n st h s

i i i ri val — M u ir , O S T e xt s, I p 327 .
’
. . . . .

17 H e re t h e m al ed ict io n o n e v il sp iri t s in ge n e ral is resu m ed an d

co n t in u ed to t h e en d o f t h e hym n . She to o t h e R i k sh asi o r fem al e fi e n d .

 T H E A T II A R VA V E DA .

18 S p re ad o u t, M aru ts, se ar ch am o n g th e p e o p l e
y e

se i z e ye an d
g r i n d t h e R ak sh asas t o
p i e ce s ,

Wh o fly abro ad, t ran sfo r m e d to bi rds, at n i gh t t i m e , -

an d su lly an d p o l l u t e o u r h o ly w o rsh i p .

1 9 H u r l d o w n fro m h e av e n t h y bo l t o f st o n e , 0 I n dra
sh ar p e n it , M a h avan , m ad e k e e n by S o m a
g .

F o r w ard , b eh i n d, an d fro m abo ve an d u n de r, sm i te

do w n t h e de m o n s w i th th y ro c k y w e ap o n .

20 Th e y fly t h e de m o n d o gs an d, b e n t o n m i sc h i e f,
, ,

fai n w o u l d t h e y h ar m i n do m i tabl e I n dra .

S ak r a m ak es shar p h is w e ap o n fo r t h e w i ck e d
n o w l e t h i m cast h is b o l t at fi e n d i sh w i zard s .

2 1 I n dr a h at h e v e r be e n t h e fl e n ds destro y e r w h o sp o i l
’

o bl at io n s o f t h e G o ds i n v o k e rs
’
.

Y e a, Sak ra, li k e an ax e t h at sp li ts t h e t i m b er , assail s

an d sm ash e s th e m l i k e e ar th e n v e sse l s .

22 D e st ro y t h e fi e n d shap e d li k e an o w l o r o w l e t ,
d e st ro y h im i n t h e fo r m o f do g o r c u c k o o .

D e str o y h im sh ap ed as e ag e o r as v u l l t u re as w ith
a st o n e 0 I ndra cr u sh t h e de m o n
, ,
.

23 L e t n o t t h e fi e n d o f w i t chc raft w o rk e rs re ac h u s -

m ay D aw n d r i v e o ff t h e c o u p l e s o f Ki m i d in s
‘

E ar t h k e e p u s safe fr o m e ar th ly w o e an d t r o u bl e !
F ro m gr i e f th at c o m es fro m h e ave n M id air -

r e se r ve u s
p
24 I n d ra de st ro y t h e de m on, l
m a e an d fe m al e , j o yi ng
an d t r i u m p h i ng in ar ts o f m ag c i 1
L e t t h e fo o l s go ds w i t h be n t n e ck s fall an d er sh ,
i
’

p
an d se e n o m o re t he S u n w h e n h e i
ar se s .

25 Lo o k , e ac h o n e, h i t her , lo o k aro u n d . I n dra an d

S o m a w at ch y e w e ll
,
.

C ast fo r th y o u r w eap o n at th e fi ends : a a n st

g i th e
so rce r e rs h u rl yo u r bo lt .
400 TH E H YM N S 0 1? ’

[ BOOK VI I L

R YM N V .

U P O N th e st r o n g is bo u n d t h e st ro n g , th i s m a
g i c co rd,

th is A m u et, l
P o te n t , fo e -
s a l ye r ,
se r v e d by va li an t h e r o e s, h ap p y
an d fo r t u n at e de fe n c e .

2 T h i s C h ar m l y e r se rv e d by m any h e r o es st r o ng
,
fo e -
s a , , ,

o w er fu l v i ct o r i o u s an d m i g ht y e s br av e ly
p , g o , ,

fo r t h t o m e e t an d r u i n w i t c h c r aft .

3 W i t h t h i s sam e A m u l e t w i se I n dra ro u ted t h e

A su ras w i t h t h i s h e sl att g h t e r e d V ri t r a
, ,

W i t h t h i s h e w o n t h i s p ai r b o t h E ar t h an d H eave n , ,

an d m ad e t h e sk y s fo u r r e g i o n s h is p o sse ssi o n
’
.

4 M ay t h i s e n c i rc li n g m ag ic co rd t h i s A m u l e t o f ,

S rak t y a w o od,
M i gh ty , su b d u n i g e n em i es , k ee p u s se cu re o n e v er y
i de
s .

5 T hi s A h at h d e cl ar e d , S o m a de c l ar e d i t, E ri h as
n i
g
p a t,
ia n d S a v i t ar ,
an d I n d r a .

S o m ay t h e se G o ds w h o m I h av e se t b e fo r e m e
o se w i t h sav i n c h ar m s an d b an i sh w i t c h c raft
o
pp g .

6 W h o ev er fo r h is ar m o u r t ak es an am u e t l of t he
S rak t ya t re e ,
Li k e th e S u n r ise n u p t o h e av e n , q u e lls i
w t ch craft
w i t h su p e r i o r m i g h t .

7 W i th A m u l e t o f S rak ty a w o o d as w i th a th o u gh tfu l ,

R i sh i s ai d
’

I n e v e ry fi g h t h av e I p r e vail ed I sm i t e t h e fo e s an d
d sh asas .

T h e hym n is a ch ar m to acco m p an y i n vesti t ure w i t h an A m u l et o f

Srak t ya w ood .

1 Up o n th e str on g t h e m an w h o is t o b e i n vest ed b e in g a Ksh at riya

o r m an o f t h e m il itary an d p r in ce l y o rd er .

3 R en ted the 4 su m s . of .
IX 2 1 7
. . I n t he
.
R ig v ed a I n d ra is arm ed
o n l y w it h t h u n d e r b o l t, ar ro w s, an d h oo k .

4 Sr ak tya wo od : w ood o f t h e Srak tya t ree . See 11 .

4 02 T H E H YM N S OF [ B OO K VI II .

Kasyap a fo rm ed an d fash i o n ed th e e , Kasyap a raise d

an d se n t t h ee fo r t h .

I n dr a t h e e , an d , we ari ng th ee, w o n in t h e
w o re
w r e st li n g m at c h w i t h m an
-
.

T h e A m u l e t o f b ou n dl e ss m i gh t th e Go ds h av e m ade
a c o at o f m ail .

W h o e ve r w o u l d d e stro y t h e e w i th D i kshari tes -

,

sac r ific es ,lls s

p e ,

M e e t h i m and sm i t e hi m I n dra ! w i t h th y h u n dred ,

k n o t t e d t h u n de r b ol t .

V e r ily l e t th i s A m u l e t c i rc u l ar p o te n t co n q u e ri n g
, , , ,

H app y an d fo rt u n at e d e fe n ce p re se r ve th y c h ild re n ,

a n d t h y w e al t h .

B rav e I n dr a se t b efo r e us l igh t p e ace an d secu ri ty

’

, ,

fr o m b e l o w ,

P eac e an d sec u r i ty fr o m ab o ve p eace an d se cu r i ty ,

fro m b eh i n d .

M y c o at o f m ail i s H e ave n an d E arth m y co at o f ,

m ail is D ay an d S u n
A co at o f m ai l m ay I n dra an d A g n i an d D h a tar
g ran t to m e .

N o t al l t h e Go ds m ay p i e rc e , al l l eag u e d t o ge th e r ,
t h e v ast st ro n g sh i e l d w h i ch I n dra g i ve s, an d A g n i .

M ay t h at g re at sh i e ld o n al l si de s g u ar d m y b o dy ,
t hat to fu ll e l d m y li fe m ay b e e x te n de d .

L e t th e Go ds C h ar m b e bo u n d o n m e t o k ee p m e
’

safe fro m e v e ry ill .

Co m e ye an d e n t e r al l w i th i n t h i s p illar, th e safe
ard o f t h e b o dy , t h r i c e de fe n de d
g u -
.

14 Kay/ap a of . I 1 4 4,. . an d I I 33 7
. . .

1 5 Di kshd-r i tes rel ig io u s O b se rvan ces design ed to co n secrat e a

p e rson fo r so m e sp ecial p p
u r o se .

1 6 A dd resse d t o t he rec ip ien t o f t h e am u let .

1 9 T h is an d t h e fol l o win g stan za are sp o k en b y t h e reci

p ie n t of t he
charm .
H YMN T H E arm am VEDA . 4 03

I n t hi s l e t I n dra l ay a st o r e o f val o u r : a ro ac h
pp
y e G o ds, an d e n t e r i t t o
g e t h e r ,

F o r his l o n g li fe , t o l ast a hu n dr e d au tu m n s, th at to
fu l l age h is day s m ay b e e x te n de d .

L o rd o f t he clan who b ri ngs u s bli ss, fi e n d sl ay e r , -

q u e ll e r o f th e fo e ,
M ay he , th e co n q u e ro r, n e
’
er su bdu e d , m ay I ndra
bi n d t h e C h ar m o n t h e e ,
B u ll , S o m a dr i n k er , h e w h o g i ve s u s p eace
-
.

M ay h e p ro te c t th e e r o u n d ab o u t, by n ig h t an d day
o n e v e ry si de .

H YM N V I .

L nr '
ne i th er fi e n d o f e v il n am e , A l insa, V atsapa,
d e si re
T h y p ai r o f h u sban d w o o e rs w h i ch th y -
m o t h e r c e an s l
e d w h e n t h o u w ast b o r n .

2 P al ala, A nu
p al al S ar k u , Ko k a, M al im l u ch a, P al ij ak a,
a,

V av ri v flsas an d A sre sh a, R i k sh agr l va an d P r am i l i n

‘

3 A p p ro ach n o t , co m e n o t h i t h e r w ard c re e p n o t t ho u
i n b e t w ee n h e r th i gh s .

21 T h is p i l l ar : t h is p ro tect i ve am u l et.

22 Po rt io n s of t h is stan za are t ak en fro m Rg

i veda X 1 52 2 . . .

T h e h ym n is an in can tat io n design ed to exo rcise var io us evil s i ri t s

p
w h o b eset w o m en .

t h is dem is u n k n o wn Vatsap a
’
1 A l i fi sa t h e m ean i n g of o n s n am e .

m ean in g, p ro b ab l y , as Pro f . We b e r su gg ests, dr in k in g l ik e a cal f,

’
the
n am e o f a dem on w h o ro b s t h e yo u n g m o t h e r o f her m il k . H u sban d

w ooer s t h e dain t ies w hi ch at t ract the fu t ure h u sb an d ; t h e b reasts .

C l ean sed squ ee zed dry .

th ese d e m is o b scu re an d
’
2 T he m ean in g o f so m e o f ons n am es

w h e re t h e m ean i n g is o b v io u s as i n t h e case of F al di a ( St raw ), M al i m

l u ch a ( R o bb e r ) , Ko ka ( W o l f ) , R i kshagr i va ( Be ar -
n e ck ed ) , t he spe cial

su i ta b il it y o f the n am e is n o t ap p are n t . T h ey st an d in t h e accu sat i ve

u n derstood .
’
case , an d m ust b e go ve rn ed b y so m e verb as I b an isb,
404 r e s H YM N S or [ 3 0 0 3 7 1 11 .

I se t , t o g u ard h er, B aj a, that w h i ch ch ase s hi m of

ev il n am e .

4 D rn am aan d S anam ab o th ar e eage r to w th i

q
co n verse
l er .

Ws d ri ve aw ay A rayas l e t Su n am fl seek th e w o m e n
.

i 0 1k
5 T he bl ack an d h airy A su ra, an d S tam baj a an d
Tandi k a ,

A ray as f ro m t h i s
g i r l w e d r i v e , fro m b o so m ,
i
w a st ,
an d p ar ts b e l o w .

6 S ni ffe r ,
an d
F e el er h i m w h o eats raw fl esh an d him , ,

w h o li ck s h is li p s ,

A ra y a s w i t h t h e tail s o f do s t h e y e l l o w B aj a h ath
g ,

destr o y ed .

7 W h o ever in th y b ro th er s sh ap e o r fath er s co m es to
,
’ ’

t h e e i n sl ee p ,

L e t B aj a ro u t an d c h ase t h e m lik e e u nu ch s w i t h
’
w o m an s h ead dress -
o n.

8 W h o ever st ea s l t o t h e e asl e e p or t h i n k s to h arm th ee

w h e n aw ak e ,
Th ese h ath i t ban i sh ed , as th e S u n trav e lli n g r o u nd

dr i ves sh ade aw ay .

3 B aj a ap p aren t l y so m e st ro n g sm el l in g h erb ( see st an za by -

w h ose scen t t h e dem on is ch ased aw ay as w as A sm od eu s b y t h e fi sh y

’
fu m e , T h at d rove h im , t h o u g h e n am o ure d , fro m t h e sp o u se O f T o b i t s

so n
’
( Paradi se Lost , I V . Se e A p o cryp ha T o b it , V I II 3
. . .

4 Du m am a and Su n dm d I l l n am ed an d Wel l n am ed T h e l at te r is
- -
.

ap paren t l y a goo d gen ius w h o p ro t ects w o m e n , w h ere“ th e fo rm er in

ju res th em A r dyas a cl ass o f m al e vo l en t sp irits, th e fem al e fi en ds
.

b e ing call ed A rAyis See I 28 4 . . . .

5 Stam baj a gro w i n g in a cl u m p or b u sh , or in a p il l ar . T andika

f u rn ish ed w it h a sn ou t .

6 H i m who l i cks hi s l ip s r er i hém so V il e dh i, Li ck er, is t he nam e

o f a sorceress, w i t ch, o r fem al e fi en d in I 1 8 4 . . .

8 T hese hath i t bani shed t he p p

u r ose o f t h e charm b e ing regarded

as al ready effect ed .
4 06 T H E H YM N S or [ B OOK VI I I .

K hal aj as Sak adh um aj as U ru ndas all the M atm atas , , ,

i m p o t en t Ku m b h am u shk as t h ese , ,

D r i v e t h o u , O B rah m anasp at i , far fro m th is g i r l i

w th
v i i lan c e
g .

S i g h tl e ss an d w i t h d i sto rt e d eye s, i m p o te n t , w o m an
l e ss b e t h e y .

0 H e ali n g Pl an t cas t e ach aw ay w h o , n o t h e r h u s

,

band, w o u ld ap p ro ach t h i s w o m an w e dde d t o h e r

l o rd .

T h e B ri stl y h ai re d t h e M an i ac h ai re d, th e B i t er ,
-
,
- and
t h e G ro p e r fi e n d , -

T h e Cr e e p er n ear, t h e C o p p e r h ued, t h e S n o u t y , an d
- -

the l u da,
S d
W i th fo o t and h e e l k i c k o ver, as a h asty co w h er
.

m il k i ng a
p n -
.

If o ne ld to u ch thy co m i ng b ab e o r k ill th i ne
sh o u

i n fan t ne w ly b orn ,

T h e y e l l o w P l an t w i th m ig h ty b o w sh all p i e rce h i m
ev en to th e h eart .

Th o se w ho k ill i n fan ts u n aw ares , an d n e ar th e now

m ad e m o t h e rs l ie ,

L e t P i nga c h ase t h e am o ro u s Gan dhar vas as wm d

c h ase s c o u d l .

L e t it i
m a nta n i th e ge n i al see d l e t t h e l ai d em b ry o
r e st se cu re .

Let b o th st ro n
g H ea ers, l t o be w or n w i t h i n t h e g i rdl e ,
g u ard th e bab e .

15 Khal aj as p ro d u ced on t h resh in g- fl oo rs . akadh am a as

S j p r o

d u ced f ro m th e sm o k e o f co w -d u n g . Ku m bham ushkas : u rce is sim i l es

t est icu l o s hab en tes . T he m ean in g of Um dae an d M atm a tas is
u n k n o w n, an d t hat o f ayasér as i
( pm o t e n t ) is u n cert ai n .

1 9 P i nga : yel l o w ; an o t h er nam e of j

Ba a A m or ou s Gand har vas
.

See I V 37 l l
, . .

20 I t : Ba ja. Both st rong H eal er s Pinga and Baja regarded as two

sep arate p l an t s .
H YM N r aw ar m s i s V E DA f -
. 1 07

F ro m t he Ki m i din , fo r t hy l o rd and ch il dre n , P inga

sh i e l d t h e e w e l l ,

F ro m Sayak a, an d N agn ak a, T an gal va, an d P av i n asa .

F ro m t he fi v e fo o t e d, fi ng erl ess , fro m t h e fo u r -

e y ed ,

t h e d o u bl e face d, -

F ro m t h e Cl o se cree p er , fr o m -
t he W o rm , fro m t h e
Q i u ck r o l e r
-
g l u ard h er w ell .

T ho se w ho e at fie sh u nc oo k ed, an d t h o se w h o eat th e
bl e e di ng fl esh o f m en ,
F e e de r s on babe s u n bo r n , l o ng h ai red, far fro m t h is -

p l ac e w e ban ish t hese .

S hy sli n k e rs fro m t h e Su n , as s in k s a w o m an
l fro m
h e r h u sban d s si re
’

D e e p do w n in to t h e he ar t o f th ese l e t B aj a an d let
P ings p ie rce .

Ping a , p r e se rve the bab e at b ir t h ,

m ak e no t t he b o y
a fe m l
a e ch il d .

L e t no t E gg eate rs -
m ar t h e ge r m s dr i ve t he R i m .

d i n s ih r aw ay .

S ter ili t y , an d in fen ts deat h,

’
an d w ee p n g f
i t hat an
n o u n cet h w oe,
D e ar ! l ay t h e m . on . t he fi en d as th o u w o ul dst p l uc k a

g ar andl fro m a t r ee .

21 N agnal a nak ed P av m sa h av in g
‘
. a sp e ar head a n ose l ik e -

T h e m ean i n gs o f Sag/aka an d T angal va are un k no w n . .

24 A s sl i nk s a wo m an fi o m her h u sban d s si r e t h e t im id ev eren ce

’

r
of a dau g h t e r in de nt fo r h e r fa t h er in l aw was p ro v e r b 1al
- '

See - -
.
.

Zim m er, A l t in dische s Le be n , p 327 . .

25 Egg eater s fi en ds w h o de vo u r t he u n bo rn b ab e C f I I 25 4
- . . . .

26 Dear I t h e pl an t Ba a is addressed j .

T h e b e li ef in I n cu b i was co m m o n am o n g t h e
”
e w s an d t h e Lat in s J . .

‘
Such p re t ty p ran k s, say s Bu r to n, can l o v e p l ay w i t h b i rd s, fi sh es,
‘

b easts , an d i f al l b e certain t hat is c redi b l y re p o rt ed, w i t h t h e sp i r it s

o f t h e air , an d de v i l s o f h ell t h e m se l ves, w h o are as m u ch e n am o u re d

an d do te ( it I m ay u se t hat wo rd) as an y o t h e r creat u re s w h at so e ve r

. .

Fo r if t h ose sto r ies b e tr u e t hat are w ri t t en o f inc u b u s an d su ccu b u s,

of n m
y p h s , l asci v io us fau u s, sat y rs, an d t h ose h eat h e n g od s wh i ch w ere
4 08 T H E m u ms 01 .

[ BOOK VI I I .

H YM N V II .

T u n: taw n y -
co o u re d,
l an d th e p al e , th e v ar e i gat e d ,

an d t he re d ,

T h e d usk y t i n t ed, and t h e

-
b lack ,
-
al l Plan ts w e su m
m o n h i t h erw ard .

2 Th i s m an l e t t he m de li ver fro m C o n su m p ti o n w h i ch
t h e G o ds h av e se n t .

T h e fath e r o f th e se H e rbs w as H eav e n t h e i r m o t h er ,

E art h th e S ea t h e i r r o o t
, .

3 T h e W aters are t h e b e st an d h e ave n ly Pl an ts ,

F ro m e v e ry li m b o f t h i n e h ave t h ey re m o ved C o n
su m
p t i o n cau se d by si n .

4 I sp eak t o H eali n g H e r b s sp readi ng an d b u sh y t o , ,

cr e e p e r s an d to t h o se w h o se sh e at h is si n l e
, g ,

I call fo r t h ee t h e fib ro u s an d t h e r e ed li k e an d -
,

b ran ch i n g Plan t s de ar t o t h e V i sve De vas p o w e r

, ,

f u l g i v i n g li fe t o m e n
, .

5 T he c o n q u e ri n g st re n gth t h e p o w er an d m igh t w h i ch ,

e v i ct o r i o u s Pl an t s
y , p o sse ss , ,

T h e re w i th de li ver t h is m an h er e fro m th i s C o nsu m p

t i o n 0 y e Pl an t s : so I p r e p are t h e re m e dy
, .

6 T h e li vi ng Pl an t th at g i ve th li fe th at dri ve t h m al ady ,

aw ay ,

dev il s, t h ose l asci vio us T el ch in es, o f w h om t h e Pl ato n ist s t el l so m an y

fab l es or t h o se fam il iar m eet i n gs i n o u r d ays, an d co m an
p y o f w i t c h e s

an dde vil s, t h ere is so m e p ro b ab i l ity fo r i t — A n ato m y o f M e l an ch o l y, .

’

Part 3, Se ct 2, M em b I Su b s I Pro f Web er re fe rs to t h e I n cu b o n es

. . . . . .

of th e R o m an s ( Prel l er, R o m an My t h o l ogy, p . an d to t he Ger

m an A l p d ril ck e n an d T e u fe l sb u h l sch aft .

T h e h ym n has b een t ransl ated , w it h an exhau st i ve co m m e n tary, b y

Web er, I n d isch e St u dien , V pp 252— 261 , an d, wit h o u t co m m en tary,
. .

b y Lu d w ig, Der R igveda, I I I p p 523— 525 . . .

T h e h ym n, w h ich exto l s t h e exce l l en ce o f m ed icinal h erb s, is an

i n can t at ion design ed to resto re a si ck m an to heal t h .

2 T he Sea th e ocean of t h e air .

4 10 T H E an u s or [ B OOK rm :

Th ese P l an ts t h at g ro w u p o n t h e e arth w h ate e r ,

’

t h e i r n u m b e r an d t h e i r size ,

L e t t he se w i t h al l t h e i r t ho usan d l e av e s fre e m e fro m

D eat h an d m i se ry .

M ay th e P l an t s Ti ge r am u l e t pr o te ct i ve gu ard i an
’
-
, ,

f ro m t he c u rse ,

B eat o ff th e br o o d of de m o ns, dr i ve al l m al ad es afar i

fr o m u s .

B e fo re t h e gath e red P l an ts t h e y fl y an d scat te r, as

t h o u g h a li o n s ro ar o r fi re d is m aye d t h e m
’
.

E x p e ll e d by P l an ts l e t m en s and k i n e s C o nsu m p t i o n
’ ’

p as s fr o m u s t o t h e n av i gabl e r i ve rs .

Em i pated fr o m t h e sw ay o f A gn i
an c ,
of V aisva n ara, .

g o c,o v e r i n
g t he e ar th y e P la n t s , w hose r u l e r is
V anasp at i .

M ay t h ese b e p l easan t t o our h eart , au sp i ci o us, r ch i

in st o re o f m il k ,
T h e se Plan t s o f t h e A n
g i rase s i
w h ch g r o w on m o u n

t ai n s an d on p l ai n s .

T he Pl an t s I k n o w m y sel f ,
th e p l an ts t hat w i t h m i ne
e e I loo k u on
y p ,

Pl an ts y e t u n k n o w n , an d t ho se w e k no w , w h e re n w e i
fi n d t h at p o w e r is st o r e d,
L e t al l t h e co n g reg at ed Pl an ts at ten d and m ark m n e i
u t t e ran ce ,

T h at w e m ay rescu e th is m an h er e an d sav e hi m fr o m
se v er e d i st re ss .

A svat t h a, D arb h a, K i ng of P l an ts, is So m a, de ath

l ess sacr ifi c e
B arl ey an d R i ce ar e h eal i ng bal m s , t he so ns of

H e av e n w h o ne ver di e .

1 4 T i ger am u l et an exceedi n gl y po te n t charm

-
.

1 6 V an asp ati : l ord o f t h e w oo d h e r e t he So m a Pl an t .

20 A gvu t tha F icu s R e l ig io sa ; t he Sacred F ig tr ee -

. Dar bha : Sac ri ~

fi ci al Grass See V I 43 l
. . . .
H YM N m : A T E A R V A V E DA -
. m

Li ft y o u rse l ve s u p, y e H ea li n g Pl an ts l o u d , is t h e
’
t h u n de r s c rash an d r o ar
W h e n w i th fu l l flo w Parj anya, ye C h i l d re n of P risn i
blesse t h yo u .

W e gi ve t he e sse n ce o f th at st ream o f n e c tar to t h i s

m an t o dr i n k
So I p re p are a re m edy th at h e m ay li ve a h u n d re d .

y e ars .

W e ll do t h t h e w il d bo ar k n o w a Plan t th e m u n g o o se ,

k n o w s t h e H e ali n g H e r b .

I call t o aid t h i s m an t h e P l an t s w h i ch Se r p e n t s
, ,

an d Gan d har vas k n o w .

Pl an t s o f A n girase s w h i ch h aw k s ce le st i al Pl an ts ,

w h i c h e ag l e s k n o w
Pl an t s k n o w n t o sw an s an d l esse r fo w l Plan t s k n o wn ,

t o al l t h e bi rds th at fl y ,

s v —
Pl an ts t h at ar e k n o w n t o yl an be ast s I call t h e m ,

al l to aid t h i s m an .

T h e m u l t i t u d e o f h e r bs w h e re o n t h e C o w s w h o m n o n e
m ay sl au g h t e r fee d al l t h at ar e fo o d fo r g o at s an d
,

sh e e
p,
So m an y Pl an ts bro u gh t ,
h i t h e rw ard, gi v e sh e l te r
an d defe n ce t o t h e e !
H i th e r w ar d u n to th ee I br i n g t he Pl an t s t h at cu re
al l m al ad i es,
A l l P l an ts w h ere i n p h ysi c i an s h av e d isco v e r ed
h e al t h b esto w i n g p o w e r
-
.

L e t Pl an ts w i th fl o w e r an d Pl an t s w i th b u d, t h e
fr u i tf u l an d th e fr u i tl e ss, al l ,
Li k e c h il d re n o f o n e m o t h e r, yi e ld th e i r sto res fo r
t h i s m an s p er fe c t h e al th
’
.

21 P ri gm h ere m ean i ng Eart h , t h e m o t he r o f l P aq awya

’ ‘

p an t s .

t h e deit y o f t h e rain c l o u d Se e I 2 l
-
. . . .

23 Wil d boar : o f I I 27 2, an d V 1 4 1
. . W ild p igs are e xt rao rdi
. . . .

n ari l y q u ick at d isco ve r in g an d u n eart h i n g p o t at oes an d al l so rt s o f

ed ibl e roo ts .T he m u ngoose : of V I 1 39 5 . . . .

4 12 THE arm / NS or [ s o ar rm .

F t h e F i ve arr o w ed. fro m th e T e n arro w e d h ave

ro m - -

I deli ve red t h ee ,
F re e d t h e e fro m Yam a s fe tter an d fr o m all o fl e n ce
’ '

agai n st t h e G o ds .

H Y M N VIII .

I NDR A th e S h ak e r sh ak e them up , brave ,

h ero , fo rt
de m o li sh e r ,
Th at i n t o t h o u san d fragm e n ts w e m ay str ike the
ar m i e s o f o u r fe es !

2 L e t P utirajj u w i t h h er breath c o rr u p t an d p u t ref y

t h at h o st ,
A nd it e fo e m h eart w h e n fi re
’
t e r ro r sm o ur en s an d
sm o k e ar e see n a ar f .

3 A sv at t h a, re n d
t h o se m e n ; do t h o u d e v o u r th e m
q u i ck ly , K h adi ra !
Li k e r e e ds l et t h e m b e b ro k e n t h ro u gh , do w n sm i t -

t e n by a lifte d r u sh .

4 L e t P aru sh a h va m ak e t h e m r e eds, an d l e t t h e b u l
r u sh st r i k e t h e m do w n
B o u n d i n a m i gh ty n e t l e t t h em b reak q u i ck ly lik e an
ar ro w s sh aft
’
.

28 F i ve arr ow ed th is an d T m ar r ow ed ap p ear to b e fan cif u l

- -
ep it h ets

o f fe ver o r o t h er se vere d i sease p e rso n ifi ed .

W it h t h is h ym n m ay b e co m pared I i X 97 , Praise erb s.

figp
ved a . of H
T ran slat ed b y L u d wig , Der R igv eda, . 504 .

T h e h ym n co n sists o f a seri es of im p recati o n s dire ct ed again st a

h ost il e arm y .

2 P d tzr aj ju u n id en t ifi ab l e m al odo ro u s l A cco rd in g to

’

so m e p an t .

P ro f Lu d w ig,
. a sp ec ies o f se rpe n t .

3 B en d t h e A sv at t h a o r F icus R e l ig iosa is cal l ed Bu rst er o r R en

der b ecau se it sp l it s asu n de r t h e w oo d, m aso n ry, o r st o n e in w h ose
c re v ices i ts se ed h as germ i n at ed an d gr o w n Sec I I I 6 2, 3 Dew ar . . . .

Khadi r a I Ich dda M ad eir a a p l ay u po n t h e w o rds T h e

’

t hem .

Khadi ra is t h e A cacia C at ech u , a t re e w it h so l id hard w ood .

4 P am hdh va a k in d o f ree d o r ru sh R eeds w eak an d fragil e as .

r eed s Pro f Lu dw ig t ransl at es d i ffe re n t l y

. . diser r au h en fein de
— Der R ig veda, III p 527
’
schl ach t ru f m ach e er h eiser . . . .
414 T H E 17 m m or [ BOOK V1 1 1 .

F o rth go th e Shdh yas i n th e i r m i gh t bear i n g o n e n e t

o l e r ai se d al o ft
p .

O n e p o l e t h e R u dras carry o n e t h e V asu s an d t h e , ,

A di ty as o n e .

T h e V i s v e D e vas fr o m ab o v e shall co m e de p re ssi n g

i t w i t h m ig h t ,

A n d i n t h e m i dst t h e A n g irases sl ayi ng t h e m i g h ty ,

h o st sh all g o
, .

Tre e s o f t he fo rest t r ee s th at b ear fl o w er an d fru i t , ,

an d h er bs an d p l an t s ,

Q u a d r u p e d bi p e d se
, n d I fo rt h t h at t h e y m ay st r i k e

t h i s ar m y de ad .

Gan d har v as an d A p sarases G o ds Se rp e n ts F at h e rs

, , , , ,

H o ly M e n ,

S ee n an d u n se e n I se n d t h e m fo rt h th at t h ey m ay
,

st r i k e t h i s ar m y d e ad .

H e re s
p r e ad are sn ar es o f D eath w h e r e fr o m tho u ,
i i n e e r ar t fr e e d
’
o n ce w th n t h e m ,

F u ll m an y a t ho u san d o f t he h o st y o n der th i s h o rn
sh all sm i te an d sl ay .

T h e Gh ar m a h at h b e e n w ar m e d w i th fi r e : t h i s H o m a
sl ay s a t ho u san d m e n .

L e t B h av a P risn ib ah u an d S ar v a de st ro y th at
, ,

ar m am e n t .

Th e i r p o r ti o n b e th e fir e of D eat h , h u n g e r , e x h aus
t i o n sl augh t er
, ,
fe ar .

12 d h yae : see VII 5 I . . .

1 5 Seen an d u nseen A cco rd in g t o t h e M ah ab h arata, Sab h ap ar van ,

4 61 , t h ere are se ve n g ro u ps o f P i t ris o r Fat h e rs, fo u r e m b o d ie d ( m ar t
t i m a ntali ) an d t h ree bo d ess
i l — M u ir, O S T e xts, V . . .

p . 2 9 6 .

1 6 11 0 m : t h e sym b o l of p o w er .

1 7 Ghar m a t he l ib at io n o f h o t m il k o flered esp ec iall y t o t h e A svin s .

H om e an o b l at io n p o u r ed in t o t h e fi re a b u r n t o ffe ri n g P rrgn i bdh u

'

-
.

h av in g spe ck l ed arm s ; t h e n am e o f a m y t hical b e in g , n o t m e n ti o n ed

e l se wh e re .Sar va : see n o te o n I V 28 l
. . . .
H YM N T H E A T H A R V A V E DA -
. 4 15

W i th yo u r e n t an g li n g sn are s an d n e ts Sar va an d ,

I n d ra s l ay t h at h o st .

Fly co n q u e re d i n al ar m y e fo e s ru n dr i v e n by t he
, , , ,

s e ll aw ay
p
L e t n o t o n e m an e sc ap e o f t h o se w h e n r o u ted by
B ri h asp at i .

D o w n fall t h e i r w eap o n s o n t h e g ro u n d n o str e n g th

he t h e i rs to p o i n t a sh aft
T he n i n t h e i r dreadfu l t e rro r l e t th e i r arro w s w o u n d
t h e i r v i tal p art s .

L e t H eav e n an d E ar th ro ar o u t i n w rat h agai n st

t h e m an d A ir w i t h al l t h e D e i t i e s i n c o n c e rt
, .

L et t h e m n o t fi n d a su r e ty o r a re fug e b u t t o rn ,

aw ay g o do w n t o D e at h t o e t he r
g .

T he m u l e s o f th e Go ds car ar e h eav e n s fo u r q u arters

’ ’

th e i r h o o ve s are sac re d cak e s t h e air it s b o dy ,

.

I t s si de s ar e H e av e n an d E ar th it s r e i n s t h e S e aso n s , ,

V o i c e is i ts h o o d i ts g ro o m s are sk y s m id r e gi o n s
’
-
.
,

Year i s t h e car F u ll Y ear th e se at fo r dr i v i n g V iraj

, ,

t h e p o l e t he c har i o t s fro n t is A g n i I n dra t h e

’

, ,

w arr i o r an d t h e M o o n t h e d ri v e r
, .

H e n ce co n q u e r co n q u e r H ail ! b e th o u t h e v i cto r !
, ,

L e t t h ese b e co n q u e ro rs an d t h o se b e c o n q u e r e d .

G o o d l u ck t o t h e se ill l u ck t o th o se m e n y o n der ! ,

W i th t h e dark bl u e an d re d o u r fo es I co ve r- - -
.

21 T h e seco n d l in e occ u rs al so in V I 32 2 . . .

22 V oi ce : or V ik ; see IV . 1 2
. .

23 V i r dj or V i rat am yst ical b e in g, ev o l ved b y sp ecu l at io n . See

V I II l O 1 ,
. . n o te .

24 Wi th the dar k bl u e cm d - - -
r cd t h at is, w it h t w o st ri n gs o r t h reads
of t h ese co l o u rs w h ich are t o be u sed i n t h e in can tat io n . See Kau sik a
S fit ra, XV I 1 9 . .
4 16 m s g ra ms or [ s o ar 1 111
7 .

H Y M N IX .

W anner w ere th e se t w o p ro du ced ? w h i ch w as that

.

r e gi o n ? F r o m w hat w o rl d fro m w h i ch e art h h ad

,

t hey th e i r b e i n g ?
C al ves o f V ira j t h e se t w o aro se fro m
,
w a t er I ask .

t hee o f t h e se t wai n w h o w as t h e i r m il k e r
,
.

2 H e w h o p r e p ar e d a t h re e fo l d h o m e an d lyi n g th ere ,

m ad e t h e w at e r b e ll o w t h ro u gh h is g r eat n e ss ,

C al f o f V irfij g i v i n g e ach w i sh fu lfil m ent m ade

, ,

bo di es fo r h i m se l f far o ff i n se cret ,
.

3 W h i ch are t h e th re e t h e m i gh ty th ree w h ereo f t h e

, ,

fo u rt h di v i de s th e v o i ce ,

T h i s m ay t h e B rah m an k n o w by p ray er an d ferv o u r ,

w h e r e t o b e l o n g s t h e o n e w h e re t o t h e o t h e r
,
.

4 O u t o f th e B rih at as th e si x th fi v e S fi m an s h ave b e e n
fash i o n ed fo r th
F r o m B rih ati w as B rihat fo r m ed : w h e n ce w as t h e
B rih ati co m p o se d

T h e h y m n , w h ich is a k in d o f Brah m o dy am ( se e n o te at t h e en d o f
V . co n sist s o f a ser ies o f
p p
u r ose l y e n ig m at i cal q u e st io ns an d dark

an sw ers o n cosm ogo n ical , rit u al , an d m et r ical do ct r in e I t is ob scu re .

t h ro u g ho u t , an d in m an y p art s I fi n d it ab so l u te l y u n in te l l ig ib l e .

1 T hese tw o p e rh ap s t h e Su n an d L igh t n in g . V i r di a m yst erio us

Divin e Be in g or A b st ract io n , ev o l v ed by sp e cu l at io n , e n do w ed w it h
creat i ve an d o t h er m iracul o u s p o w e rs, an d t h e su b j e ct o f m an y fan ci
ful al l ego ries See t h e fo l l o w ing hy m n
. .

2 T hr eef o ld hom e h eav en , fi r m am en t, an d ear th , w h erein A gn i

d w el l s S un , l igh t n ing, an d fi re
as .

3 T he m i gh ty th ree o r, t h e t h ree Brih ats ; a m yst ical p ow er is rep re

sen t ed as resid in g in t he m et res w h ich are r egard ed as d iv in e b e i n gs .

4 B ri ho t t h e n am e of v ario us Si m ans or ch an t ed so n gs in t h e
Brih at i m et re wh ich co nsist s o f t h irt y si x -
syl l ab l es in fo u r Pi das,
 TH E H YM N S 01?
[ B OOK V I I I .

W ho h ath p e rce i v e d V i rfij s d u p li cat i o n , p e rc e ived

’

h e r se aso n s an d h e r r u l e an d p rac t i c e
W h o k n o w s h e r st e ps, h o w o ft h o w far e x te n de d , ,

w h o k n o w s h e r h o m e an d n u m b e r o f h e r daw n i n g s ?

S h e h e r e w h o fi rst o f al l se n t fo r th h e r l u stre m o v e s
o n w ar d r e s t i n g o n t h e se l o w e r c r e at u r e s .

E xal t e d p o w e r an d m ig ht ar e st o re d w i t h i n h er t h e
w o m an h at h p re vail e d, th e n e w co m e m o t h e r -
.

B o th D aw ns on w i ngs o f so n g , w th r i i ch ado rn m e n t ,
m o ve o n t o ge t h e r t o t h e i r co m m o n d w e lli n g .

’
S fi 1 ya s t w o i i
w v e s, u n w ast n g , m o st p r o li fi c , k n o w i n
g
t h e i r w ay m o ve r i c h i n l ig h t t o ge t h e r
, , , .

T h e t h re e h av e p asse d al o n g t he p at h o f O rde r
t h r e e w ar m lib at i o n s hav e re g arde d o ff sp r i n g
O n e q u i c k e n s p r o g e n y o n e st re n g t h e n s v i g o u r an d
, ,

o n e p r o t e c t s t he k i n do m o f t he i ous
g p .

S h e w h o w as fo u r t h w as m ad e by A g n i S o m a an d , ,

R i sh i s as t he y fo r m e d b o t h h al ve s o f w o re in p
G hyat ri T risht u p J agat i A n u sh tu p B ri h adark i
, , , ,

li gh t e n i ng th e sac rific e r .

F i ve m il k i n g s an sw e r t o th e fi ve fo l d daw n i n g fi ve ,

se aso n s t o t h e c o w w h o b e ar s fi ve t i t l e s .

T h e fi v e sky reg i o n s m ade fi fte e n i n n u m b e r o n e

-
,

h ead h av e t h e se t o o n e so l e w o r l d d i re c te d .

S ix E l e m e n ts aro se fi r st b o r n o f O r de r : t h e six day

,
- -

t i m e is c ar r i e d by six S ém an s .

1 2 B o th Daw n s M o rn in g an d h er sist er N igh t .

1 3 T he thr ee : Daw n , S u n l igh t, an d N ig h t .

1 4 B ri h ad ar lci : co n tain n o r fo rm i n g t h e g reat o r b est h ym n of

p rai se L. i g h ten i ng w in n i n
g t h e l ig h t o f he av e n fo r .

1 5 F i ve seaso ns inst ead of t h e m o re u su al six ; t h e Dew y an d t h e

Co l d se aso n s b e i n g co u n t ed t oget h e r as o n e M ade fi f teen : b y t h e .

add i tio n o f in te r m ed iat e sp aces, o r m u l t ip l icat io n b y t h ree .

1 6 S ir el em en ts : e art h , air, fi re , w at e r, e t h e r, an d the su b t i l e

cl em en t B o th br oad
. o hes : h eaven an d ear th , each o f which is regarded

as t h ree fo l d .
fi
rm l w T H E A T H A R V A V E DA -
. 4 19

Six y o k ed the p l o u gh is
-
, as e ac h t race is num b er e d
t h e y call b o t h br o ad o n es si x ; si x , E ar th and
I I e av e n .

T h e y call t h e col d m o n th s si x an d six t h e h o t o nes , .

W h i c h t e ll u s o f t h e seaso n s is r ed u n dan t ?
, ,

S e v e n sage s eag l e s h av e sat do w n t o g e th e r : se v en

, ,

m e tre s m at ch t h e se ve n C o n se c rat i o n s .

S e v e n are t h e H o m as se ve n t h e l o g s fo r b u r n i n g , ,

se v e n are the st r e am s of m e ad, an d sev e n the

seaso n s .

I n to t h e w o r l d h av e co m e se v e n str e am s o f b u tter
t h o se w e h ave h e ard o f as t he S e v e n V u l tu res .

Se v e n fo u r sy ll abl es i ncreasi ng, e ach o f

m e t r es, by
t h e se ve n fo u n d ed u p o n an o t h er
H o w are t h e hy m n s o f p rai se o n t h e se su p p o rt e d , an d
h o w are t h e se i m p o se d u p o n t h e p rai se so n gs -

H h ath t he G ayat r i fill e d o u t t h r e e t ri ads ? O n t h e

ow

fi fte e n h o w is t he T r ish tu p m o u l d ed ,
Jag ati fash i o n e d o n t h e t h ree an d t h i r ty ? H o w i s - -

A n u sh tu p fo r m e d ? h o w E k av insa ?

1 7 Seven sages t h e Seven R ish is . See V . 1 7 6 Seven

. . m etr es t he
se v e n g e n e ri c m e t res o f t h e V e da . C o nsecr ati one d ikehd e so l em n

in i t iat o ry re parat o ry ce re m o n ie s
or p .

18 H om o: o b l at io ns o f cl ari fi e d b u t t e r po u red in t o t h e fi re Seven .

V ul tu res t h is l it e ral t ran sl at io n is u n in t e l l igi b l e Pro fesso r Lu d w ig

.

su ggests t hat t h e m ean in g is : as ( m en ) eage r aft e r e v e ry t h in g t h at is

se v en fo l d , o r w ish in g t o t u rn al l t h i n gs i n t o sev en s .

20 T r i ad: or t r ip l et s .
‘
T he S i m an co n sists o f t wo v erses o n l y , i t is
fi rst to b e m ade t o co n sist o f t h ree by re p e t it io n o f so m e p art o f t h e t w o

p r in ci al
p v e rses b efo re it can be u sed as a ch an t at a So m a sac ri fi ce .

A ft er a t rip l e t o f v e rse s h as b e en t h u s o b t ain ed , it is t o b e ch an t ed in

t h re e t u rn s, each t u rn co n tain in g i n t h ree su b d i v isi o n s a cer t ain n u m b er
o f re p et it io n s H A j tareya Brah m ana, T ran sl at io n , Bo o k I I I 2
’
. an g , . .

1 7, n o te T h ese est i s o n t h e fo rm at io n o f t h e m e t re s are n o t

.
q u o n

easi l
y exp l ain ed or an sw ered, n o r are t h ey o f an y g en eral im po rtan ce .

h ym n co n sist in g o f
'

E leam ri ga : a Sto rm . or t wen ty-o n e part s .

1 20 T H E s n are 01? [ B OOK 11 1 1
1
.

E i gh t E l e m e n ts s fi r st bo rn o f O rde r : t h e
ran g u
p p ,

P r i ests di vi n e are e igh t in n u m be r I n d ra ,

E igh t ar e t h e w o m b s o f A d i t i e i g h t h e r c h il d re n ,

fo r th e e i g h th n i gh t is t h e lib at i o n de st i n ed .

S o p l an n i n g bli ss fo r yo u hav e I c o m e h i th e r to w i n
y o u r fri e n dsh i p k i n d am I an d g raci o u s , .

B o r n fro m o n e so u rc e p ro p i t i o u s is yo u r w i sdo m
,

k no w i n g fu l l w e ll t o al l o f y o u i t c o m e t h .

T o I n dra e igh t to Yam a si x se ve n to t h e R i sh i s

, , ,

se v e n to e ac h

T h e n u m be r fi ve acco m p an i es w aters an d m en an d
h eali n g h e r bs .

T he H eife r al l h is o w n , o u red for th fo r I n dra co n tro l

,
p
an d m ilk at h er fi rst t 1 m e o f m il k i n g
A n d he t h e n sat i sfi e d t h e fo u r d i v i sio ns t h e G o ds ,

an d m e n an d A su ras an d R i sh i s .

W h o is t h e C o w W h o is t h e S i ng l e Bi sh i W h at
is t h e l aw , w h a t are t h e b e n e di c ti o n s
W hat o n t h e ear th i s t h e o n e o n ly S p i ri t W h i ch o f
?

t h e n u m b e r is t h e S in g l e S e aso n

21 E ight el e m en ts ap p are n t l y t h e six o f stan za 1 6 w it h I n t ell ec t

an d M i n d ad ded E igh t her ch i l dren : t h e A d i t yas o r so n s o f A d it i
.

( see I . 9 1.
, n o t e ) a re i n t h e Rg i v ed a ( I X 1 1 4 3 ) said t o. b e se.ve n .

1 11 t h e p e r io d o f t h e Bréh m anas t hey w ere t w el ve, as re p resen t in g

t h e su n in t h e t w el ve m o n t h s o f t h e e ar E i h h n i ht h A h i
y g t .
g t e s ta m
o r e ig h th l u n ar d a i a h h al f m t h
y n e c o n -
.

22 I j
V it a
l m ay be m ean t .

23 Wate r s w i t h referen ce to t h e fi v e ri v e rs o f th e Pan j i b . M en

re fe r rin g to t h e F iv e N at io n s, o r R aces o f A ryan s .

24 T he H e ifer p e rhaps t h e rai n cl o u d, t h e m i lk b e in g th e rai n , an d

-

co n t r o l t he w w h i h I d a d i f m t h a i fi w h ich t he
p o e r c n r e r ves ro e s cr ces
fe rt il izin g rain en ab l es m e n t o o ffe r to h im .

25 T he S i ng l e Bi sh i m ean ing t h e fi rst o r ch ief sag e S i n gl e Sp i r i t .

y ak s / t i
r m , h e re ren de red b y sp ir i t, m ean s a l iv in g su pe rn at u r al b e in g
d ese r vi n g w o rsh i p Pro fesso r L u d w ig h e re an d el se w h ere ren de rs t h e
.

w o rd b F t f a t f t i al T h S i l S a t h i t al a
y e s , e s o r e s v e n
.
g e e so n e n e r c r
y
m o nt h . q
T hese u est io n s o f t he Rishis an d Kasyapa s rep l ies are n u
’

fli p iag
e l l ig l l .T h e hy m n has b een transl ated b y Lu d wig, Der R igveda,
.
4 22 m e B r m vs or [ BO OK 1 71 1 .

6 She m o u n te d u p , she p asse d w ithi n t he m ee tin g H e .

who k n o w s t h i s b e co m es fi t fo r t h e m ee t i ng , an d
to h is h all o f m ee t i n g c o m e t he p eo p l e .

7 Sh e m o u nt e d u p , sh e e n t e r e d C o n su l tat i o n W h o so .

k n o w s t h i s is fi t t o b e co n su l t ed, an d t o h is co n su l
te t i c a co m e t h e p e o p l e .

8 She m o u n ted up, an d , i n to fo u r d i v i de d, sh e to ok

h e r stat i o n i n t h e
’
i
a r s m id -
re g o n i .

9 O f h er t he Go d s an d m e n i d Th i s sh e k n o w et h
sa ,
.

Th at w e m ay bo t h h ave life l e t us i n vo k e h er .

T h u s d id t h e y cry t o h e r
C o m e S t re n gt h l com e F o od ! co m e C harm er ! com e
, , , ,

F re e g i v e r l -

H e r c al f h e r w e ll b e l o ved cal f w as I n d ra : Ghyat ri

,
-
,

w as h e r r o p e t h e c l o u d h e r u dde r ,
.

T wo t e ats sh e h ad , R at h an t ara an d B rih at , t w o ,

Y aj fi ay j y
a fi i a and V fi m ade vy a .

W i th t h e R at h an t ara t h e Go ds m il k ed fro m h er th e
P lan ts an d al l t h e w i de e x pan se w i t h B ri hat
,
.

6 T he of t h e p eo p l e the d ist n ct On eabhd ; b l y,

'

m eet i n g of . asse m

an d sam i ti , m ee t in g or co n g ress, see Zim m e r, A l tin d isch es Le b en ,

pp . 1 7 2— 1 7 5 .

1 1 F ood I evddhe Bu t svadh fi foo d, l it

’
m ean s al so . o ne s o wn

r t io n , th e sacrifi cial o r t io n du e to each d an d l ast l y, foo d in

p o p g ,
o
’
al — M ax M ii l l er, V ed ic H ym n s, Par t I p 35
g e n e r . . . .

12 H er cal f : V irfij, iden t i fi ed w i t h V Ak, is in A V . . IX 2 5 . . cal l ed

t h e Co w , re p rese n t i n g the creat i ve p o w er o f N at u re l ik e t h e C o w

A u dh u m b l a in T e u t o n ic m y t h o l ogy . See Sim rock, H an db u ch der
De u tsch en M y t h o l ogie, p p 1 8, 21 5 . .

1 3 R athan tam t he n am e of var io us Sfim an s or ch an t ed V ed ic

v e rse s . B gi hat
-
th e n am e o f ch an ted v erses in t h e Brihat i m et re of

t hi rt y -
si x syl l ab l es. Sec I V . 34 1 , . n o te.

Yaj ndgaj ni g a a Si m an so call ed aft e r t h e b egi nn in g ( Y aj fl Kyaj ii fi ) -

of i
Rg v eda I 1 68 l . . . Vdm adevga : th e n am e o f vario us Si m ans Sec .

IV . 34 1 , . n o te .
H YM N T H E A T H A R V A V E DA -
. 4 23

T h e y dre w the W ate rs fo r th w i th V il m ade vya w i th ,

Y aj fi fiyaj fi iya t h e y m il ke d o u t w o r sh i p .

F o r h i m w h o k n o w e t h t h i s R ath an tara p o u re t h o u t
‘

Plan ts an d B rih at yi e l de th w i de e x p an si o n
, .

W ate rs fr o m V i m ade vya co m e fro m Y aj fi ayaj fi iya ,

sac r ifi ce .

S h e rose sh e cam e u n t o th e t re es : t h e y k ille d her

, .

A y e ar w e n t b y an d sh e agai n e x i st e d .

H e nce i n a y e ar th e w o u n d s o f tr ee s h e al o v e r H e .

w h o k n o w s t h i s se e s his l o at h e d r i val w o u n d e d;

S h e m o u n ted u p sh e c am e u n t o t h e F at h e rs t h ey
,

k ill e d h e r : i n a m o n t h s he r e e x ist e d -
.

H e n ce m e n g i ve m o n t h ly o ffe r i ng s to t h e F at h e rs : w h o
k n o w s th i s k n o w s t h e p at h w h ic h t h ey h av e t ro dde n
, .

S he r o se she c am e u n t o th e G o ds t h ey k ill e d h e r ;
,

b u t i n a fo r t n i gh t s h e ag ai n w as li v i n g .

F o r t n ig h tl y he n c e m e n se r v e t h e Go ds w i t h V ash at !
, ,

W h o k n o w s t h i s k n o w s t he w ay w h i c h Go ds p ass o ve r .

S h e m o u n t ed u p sh e cam e t o m e n : t h e y k i l l e d h e r
, .

P r e se n t ly sh e reg ai n e d h e r l ife an d b e i n g .

H e nce o n b o t h day s t o m e n t he y b ri ng an d o ff e r
w h o so k n o w s t h is n e ar se at e d i n t he d w e lli n
g
- -
.

S he ro se ap p ro ac h e d t h e A su ras : t h e y cal l e d h e r
,

t h e ir cr y w as C o m e O M a , y f
t co m e th o u h i th e r
, , .

1 8 Pro p e r re co g ni t io n o f t he p o w e r o f V iraj , as re n o v at i n
g N at u re ,

to re pair t h e in j u rie s w h ich t ree s m ay hav e su ffe red w il l b e re w arde d .

b y t ri u m p h o v e r a su ffe r ing e n e m y .

1 9 M on th l y of er i ng s o b l at io n s p r esen ted o n t he day o f f u l l m oo n .

T he p a th w h i ch they have tr od den an d, co n se u en t l y, ho w to

q reac h

h eave n t h e m se l ves .

21 B o th day s m ean ing t wo con se c ut i ve days .

22 T he A su r as t h e fi en ds w h o fo u gh t again st th e God s M ag/ d .

M iracu l o u s Po w e r, M igh t o f Go ds, pe rso n ifi e d V ir ngh n n a P r dh r t d i

.
’

a ch ie f o f t h e A su ras, so n o f Prah rada Dvi m d r dh d A r t uy a t h e n am e

.

o f a t w o h ead ed A su ra A fi t su p p o r ter i van iy ah ; a w eal t h

’
‘

un
y
-
,

m an , o n w h o m o t he rs can dep en d fo r t h eir l iv el ih odd .

4 21 r es s u ms or [so ar ru t

H er de ar ca iro ch an a P rah ra
l f was V di h e r m il k i ng
v e sse l w as a an o f 1ro n
p .

D v im fi rdh aA rt v ya m il k e d h e r , yea, t h i s M fiy fi T h e .

A su r as de pe n d fo r li fe o n M a y a H e w h o k n ows

t h i s b ec o m e s a fi t su p p o r t e r .

Sh e m o u n t ed u p , sh e cam e
Fath e rs T h e u n to t he .

F at h e rs call e d t o h e r 0 F o o d co m e h i t h e r
, , .

K i ng Y am a w as h er cal f h e r p ail “as sil ve r n , .

A n tak a M rity u s so n m il k e d h e r t h i s S vad b a

’
, , ,
.

T h i s F o o d t h e F ath e rs m ak e t h e i r li v e s su st ai n e r ’
.

H e w h o k n o w s t h i s b e co m e s a m e e t su p p o r t e r .

S h e m o u n t ed u p sh e cam e t o m e n T h e y call e d h e r
, .
,

C o m e u n t o u s co m e h i t h e r th o u F r e e gi e r
,
v 1 -
.

E ar th w as h e r m il k i n g p ail t h e cal f b e si de h er -
,

M an n V ai vasvata V i vas van s o ffsp ri n g

’
.
,

23 0 F ood : see n o te o n stan za l l . A n t aba t h e E n der g e n e ra l l y

a n am e o f Deat h h im sel f, as i n V I, 4 6 2, . an d V III . 1 . 1 . T h ei r l i vee
’

su stai n er : t he Man es dep en d fo r t h e ir e xist en ce on t he o b l at io n s

p re

se n te d t o t h e m b y t h e ir re l at io n s o n eart h . A so m e w h at sim il ar id ea
l ed t h e Gree ks an d R o m ans t o v isit t h e to m b s of t h e ir rel at i v es at ce r

t ain p e riod s, an d t o o ffer t o t h em sac ri fi ces, fo o d, an d v ari o u s g i ft s .

T he p ark in cak es b ak ed in Yo r k sh ire i n N o vem b er, th e si m n el o r

so u l m ass cake s o f Lan cash ire, t h e g u nfi r e: b ak e d at A l l So u l s t id e in

- -

Bel g iu m , are al l re m in iscen ces o f t h e fo od p re p ared an d o ffered to t h e

d ead at A l l So u l s, t h e great day o f co m m e m o rat io n o f t h e dep art ed
I n t he n o rt h o f En gl an d al l ide a as to t h e co n n e ct io n b e t w ee n
t h ese cak es an d t h e d ead is l ost, b u t t h e cak e s are st i l l m ad e . T h is
c u sto m is a t ran sfo rm at io n u n de r C h rist ian in fl u en ce of th e st il l ear li e r

t h e grav es — S
’
u sage o f p u t t in g food on . . Barin g-Go u l d, St range
Su r vi val s, p 27 2 . .

24 M an n Vai vaw ata the sev en t h M an n, so n o f V iv asv an or the

Sun, regarded as t h e p g
ro en i t o r o f t h e p rese n t race o f hu m an b ei n g s .

P r i th f cal l ed V ain ya o r so n of V en a ( see BV . V III 9 . . said to

h ave b e e n t h e fi rst an o in t ed so ve re ig n o f m en, an d to hav e in t rod u ced

t h e art s o f h u sb an d ry in t o t h e w o rld H e i s al so cal l ed Pyit h u , an d is
.

co un te d am o ng t h e Bish is, i
Rg ve da X . 1 4 8 having b een re veal ed to
h im .
4 26 TH E ”m am V E DA -
.
[ BO OK VII I .

She m ou nt ed u p , sh e cam e Peo p l e T hey t o O th e r .

c all e d h e r c r i n C o m e C o n ce al m e n t ! h i t he r
y g , , , .

H e r de ar cal f w as V aisravana K u be ra a v esse l ne ve r ,

t e m p e r e d w as h e r m il k p ail -
.

R aj at an Ab h i o ffsp ri n g o f K u be ra m il k ed h er an d
, , ,

fro m he r u dd e r dr e w co n c e al m e n t .

B y t h at c o n ceal m e n t li v e t h e O t h e r Pe o p l e H . e who
k n o w s t h i s b e co m es a m e e t su p o rt e r , an d m ak e s
p
al l e v il d i sa e a a d an i sh
pp r n v .

S h e m o u nt ed u p sh e cam e u n t o th e S e r p e n t s
, T he .

S e r p e n ts call e d h e r V e n o m o u s co m e h i t h e r
, .

H e r cal f w as Tak sh ak a V isala s o ffsp r i n g a bo t t l e

’
,

o u r d su li d a il k i l
g pp e m n
g v esse -
.

I ravan s o ffsp ri n g D hri tarash tra m il k ed h e r , an d fr o m

’
,

h e r u dde r dre w fo r t h o n ly p o i so n .

T h at p o i so n q u i c k e ns an d su p p o r ts t he S e r p e n ts
H e w h o k n o w s t h i s be co m e s a m ee t su p p o r ter .

O ne wo u ld w ard o ff, fo r h i m w h o b at h t h is k n o w
l ed if w i t h a bo t t l e g o u rd h e sp ri n k l e d w ate r
g e, -
.

A n d d id h e n o t re p e l , if i n h is sp i r i t h e sa id I ,
d ri ve
t hee bac k, h e w o u l d r e p e l i t .

T h e p o i so n t hat i t dr i ves aw ay , th at p o i so n ver ily

re e ls
p .

T h e m an w h o h at h t h i s k n o w l edg e p o u rs its ve n o m
0 11 h is h at e d fo e .

ho
28 Other P eop l e : a e u p h em ist ic e xp ressio n fo r certa in b e in gs
So i n E n g lan d fam e s
w
app ea r to b e co n side red as sp i r i t s o f d ar k n ess .

are cal l ed fo l k , p eo p l e, n e igh b o u rs ; i n Ge rm an y, l it t l e fo l k ; an d

1 11

S w it ze r l an d h il l p eo p l e, an d ear t h p eo p l e Vai gr avana Ku b er a . 1 11

l ate r San sk r1 t , Ku v era, so n o f V i gravas, ch ie f o f t h e sp ir it s o f dar k n ess

an d aft e r w ard s t h e Go d o f rich es an d t reasu re .

29 T ake/m k s one of t h e p ri n ci p al N ag as or Serpe n t s o f Pi t i l a o r

t h e u n d e r w o rl d
-
. Dhgi tar dshtra a ch ief N figs, cal l ed A irfi v at a o r so n
o f I r i vi n .

31 T h e k n o w l edge an d t h e m e re w ish o r th o u gh t w it h o u t an y
e xt e r n al act io n w o u l d b e su ffi c ie n t to co u n te ract t h e d ead l ie st po xso n .

33 T h e sam e k no w l edge e n ab l es a m an t o p oiso n h is ene m y

 BO O K I X .

YM N I H .

T m : A sv i n s H o n ey w h i p w as bo rn f ro m h eave n an d
’
-

ear t h fro m m i dd l e ai r an d o cean an d fro m fi re

, , ,

an d w i n d .

A l l li v i n g cre atu r es w e l co m e i t w i th j oy fu l h e ar t s ,

frau g h t w i t h t h e sto re o f A m ri t i t h ath g at h e r e d u p .

2 T h e y call t h ee eart h s gre at stre n g t h in e ve ry fo r m

’

t h ey call t h e e t o o t h e oc ean s g e n i al seed ;

’

W h e n c e co m es t h e H o ne y w h i p b e sto wi ng b o u n ty -
,

t h er e V i t al S p ir i t is an d A m r i t t re asu red , .

3 I n su n d ry sp o t s r e p eat e d ly re fle ct i n g m e n v ie w
, ,

u o n t h e e ar t h h e r c o u rse an d ac t i o n
p
F o r sh e t h e fi rst b o r n dau gh t e r o f t h e M aru t s
,
-
,

de r i ve s he r o ri g i n fro m W i n d an d A g n i .

4 D au gh t e r o f V asu s m o t h e r o f A di ty as ce nt re o f
, ,

A m ri t b re at h o f l i v i n g cre atu re s
, ,

T h e H o n ey w h i p g o l d co l o u re d d ro p p i n g fat n ess
-
.
-
, ,

m o v e s as a m i g h ty e m b ry o m id m o rt al s
’
.

5 T h e d e i ti e s b e g at t h e W h i p o f H o n ey : h er e m bryo
assu m e d al l fo r m s an d fash i o n s .

T h e h ym n is a gl o ri fi cat io n o f t h e W h ip o f t h e A svin s, an d a p ra
y
er
fo r t h e gi ft o f sw ee tn ess, sp l en do ur , an d stren gt h fro m t h em an d o t er
d eit ies .

m adh u kagd = M 912 m ddhu m at i ( R V I 22

’
1 H on ey w hip -
w it h . . . .

w hich t h e A gv ins are p rayed to sp ri n k l e t h e sac rifi ce I t sign ifi e s,

’
.

p e rh a s, t h e ear l
p y st im u l at i n g an d li fe g i v i n g m o rn i n g -
b re e ze w h ic h
acco m p an ies t h e fi rst ap p earan ce o f t h e A sv i n s, t h e Lo rd s o f Li g h t,
w h o p reced e t h e Daw n , an d rep rese n t s i n t h is h m n al l cre at i ve,
y
v i vi fy in g, an d sustain i n g ow er
p .

3 H er cou r se an d act i o n t h e co m in g an d op erat io n o f t h e w on d ro us

H o n ey -
w h ip .

5 T he Wh ip of H oney m édh oh kdsdm .

4 28 m s 11 17 .1l or [ B O OK 1 x .

T he m o t h e r n o u r sh e s i t h at t e n der i n fant w h ch ati its

bi r t h l o o k s o n al l w o rl ds an d b e i n g s .

6 W ho u n de r stan de t h we l l , w h o h at h p e rce i v e d i t .

he r h e art s u n i nj u r e d S o m a h o l d i ng b e ak e r
’
-

L e t t h e w i se B rah m an p r i e st t h ere i n b e j o y f u l .

7 H e u nde r st an de t h t h e m , h e h at h p erce i v e d t h e m , h e r
b re asts t h at p o u r a t h o u san d st r eam s, u n i nj u re d :
T he y u n re l u ctan tly y i e l d st r e n gt h an d v igo u r .

8 S h e w h o w i t h v o i ce u p rai sed i n co n stan t c l am o u r ,

m i g h t y l ife g i v i n g , go e s u n t o h e r fu n c t i o n ,
,
-

B e ll o w i n g t o t h e h eat e d t h re e libat i o n s, su ck l es w i t h
st re am s o f m il k , an d st i l l is l o w i n
g .

9 O n w h o m , w e ll fe d t he W at e rs w ai t i n w orsh i p , an d
-
,

st e e r s an d se l f r e fu l e n t b u ll s at t e n d h e r
g
-
.

F o r t h e e fo r o n e li k e t h ee do w n p o u r t h e W at e rs,
,

an d c au se d e si re an d st re n g th t o rai n u o n t h e e ;
p
T h e t h u n d e r i s t hy v o i ce , 0 L o rd o f C re atu res
a B u l l t h o u c ast e st o n t h e e ar th t h y v i go u r
, .

T h e H o n ey w h i p , t h e M ar u t s fi r st b o r n dau g h te r,
’
- -

de r i v es h er o r ig i n fro m W i n d an d A g n i .

A s at t h e m o rn i ng sac rifice t h e A sv i n s t w ai n l o ve
S o m a w e ll ,
E v e n so m ay b o t h t h e A sv i ns l ay sp l e n do u r an d
st r e n t h w i t h i n m oul
g y s .

A s at t h e seco nd sacrifi ce I n dra an d A g n i l o ve h im

w e" :

L e t t he p air , I n dra A g n i , l ay sp l e n do u r an d st re ng th
w i t h i n m y so u l .

A s at t h i rd sacrifi ce So m a is t he R ib h u s w e ll b e l o v ed
’
-

o ne,

E ve n so m ay th e y , th e R ib h u s, st o r e s e n do u r
l an d
p
st re n t h w i t h i n m y so u l
g .

j
1 0 L or d of C r eatu r es : P ra ap at i T h un de r is h is vo i ce in asm u ch as
.

it h e ral ds t h e seaso n ab l e rai n w h ich su stai n s t h e l i fe o f h is c reat u res .

T hy v ig ou r : t hy ge n e rat iv e p o w e r fro m w h ich l i vin g b e in gs ar e pr o d n ee d .

1 3 Bi bfm s t h e t h ree re n o w n ed ar t ist s w ho b y t h e i r e xcel l e n t w o r k

o b tain ed di v in it y, exerci sed su pe rh u m an p o w ers, an d b ecam e ent i t l ed
4 30 TH E H YM N S or [BOOK I I .

T he Wh i p i tsel f is H eav e n , E ar t h is t h e h andl e ,

th e p o n t o f
i j u n c t u r e is t h e A i r s m id reg i o n
’
-
.

T h e l ash is li g h t n i n g an d t h e , t i p is go l d e n .

W h o e v er k n o w s t h e W h i p s se ve n k i n d s o f h o n ey ’

b e co m es h i m se l f a m an e n do w ed w it h sw e e t ness .

B ra h m an an d K i n g t h e d rau g h t e x an d t h e m il ch
,
-

c o w bar l e y an d r i c e an d h o n e y is t h e se v e n t h
, , .

S w e e t is t h e m an sw e e t are h is g o o ds an d c hat te l s
,

h e w h o k n o w s t h i s c o n q u e rs t h e w o r l ds o f s w e e t n ess .

T he t h u n de r i n g o f P raj ap ati in h e av e n is ve r ily

m an i fe st t o li v i n c r e at u r e s
g .

T h e re fo re I stan d fro m ri g h t to l e ft i n v e ste d an d , ,

O P raj ap at i I cry r eg ard m e !

, ,

T h e m an w h o h at h t h i s k n o w l e dg e is r e garde d by
li vi ng be i ngs an d th e L o rd o f C re at u res .

H YMN II .

K A M A th e B u l l , sl ay e r o f fe e s, I w o rsh i p w i th m o l ten
bu t te r ,
sac r ifi c e ,
o bl at i o n .

B e n e at h m y fee t cast do w n m i n e ad ve r sar i e s w i t h ,

t h y g re at m an ly o w e r , w h e n I h ave r ai se d th e e
p p .

2 T hat w h i c h is h at e fu l t o m i n e e y e an d s
p i ri t ,
t h at
h aras se s an d r o bs m e o f , e nj o y m e n t

T he e v il d r e am I l o o se u p o n m y fo e m en . M ay I
r e n d h i m w h e n I h av e l an de d K am a .

3 K am a do t h e n a m ig h ty Lo rd an d R u l e r
, , ,
l et l oo se
ill dream m i sfo rt u n e w an t o f ch ildre n
, , ,

21 T he p o i n t of j u nctu r e : gdr bhali ( fro m gr u bb = n , to tak e,

t o co n ce i ve ) t h e rece p t acl e, m ean in g h ere th e p l ace w h ere t he t h o n g
is at tach ed t o t h e w h ip st o c k -
.

23 C on qu er s the w o r ld s of sw eetn ess g ai n s ad m i t t an ce in t o h eav en .

24 F ro m r igh t to l ef t i n vested : p r dc h i nop avi td lt ; w eari n g t h e

sacrifi cial co rd o ve r t h e righ t sh o u l d er an d passed u n d e r t h e l eft ar m .

T h e h ym n is a gl o rifi cat ion of Kam a o r Lo ve, t h e Go d of gen e ral

desir e o f al l t h at is go od .

1 T he B ull o r, t he
.
st ro n g ; th e h ero .
a rm M s A T H A R VA V E D A -
.

H l
o m e e ssn e ss, Kam a ! u t te r de st i t u t i o n , u pon t he
i design s m y ru i n
s n n er w h o .

4 Dr i v e t h em aw ay d r i v e t h e m afar O K am a i n di g e n ce
, ,

fall o n t h o se w h o are m y fo e m e n !
W h e n t h ey h av e b ee n cast do w n t o dee pe st dark n ess ,

c o n su m e t h e i r d w e lli n g s w i th t h y fi r e 0 A g n i , .

5 S h e K am a ! sh e is cal l ed t h e C o w th y dau gh t e r
, , ,

sh e w h o i s n am e d V fi k an d V irfi b
j y g sa e .

B y h e r d r iv e th ou m y fo e m e n t o a d i st an ce M ay .

c at t l e v i tal br e at h an d lif e fo rsak e t h em

, ,
.

B y Kam a s m ig h t K i ng V aru na s an d I n dra s by

’ ’ ’
6
'

, ,

V i shnu s st r e ng th an d Sav i tar s i n st i gat i o n

’ ’

, ,

I c h ase m y fo e s w it h sac rifi c e t o A g n i as a d e ft ,

ste er sm an dri ve s hi s b o at th ro u g h wat e r s .

7 M ay Kam a, m i gh ty on e m y p o t e n t w arde r, g i v e m .
e
f u ll fre e do m fr o m m i n e ad ve rsar i e s .

M ay al l t h e D e i t i e s b e m y p ro te c t i o n , al l G o ds co m e

n i h t o t h i s m i n e i n v o cat i o n
g .

8 A c ce
p t i n
g t h iis w it h fatn ess b e j o y fu l
o b lat io n r ch ,

h e re y e G o ds w h o se c h i e f i s K am a
, ,

Gi v i n g m e fr ee do m fr o m m i n e ad ve rsarie s .

9 Y e I n dra A gn i KA m a l co m e t og e t he r a nd c as t
, , ,

m in e a d ve rsar i es d o w n b e neat h m e .

W h e n t hey h ave su n k i n to t h e de e p est da rk n e ss ,

0 A g ni w i t h t hy fi re co ns u m e t h e i r d w e lli ng s
, .

S lay t h o se w h o are m i n e e n e m i e s O K am a : h e ad l o n g ,

t o d e p t h o f bli nd i n g dark n e ss h u r l t h e m .

R e ft b e t h ey al l of m an l y st re n g th an d v ig o u r ! L e t
’
t h e m n o t h av e a si n g l e d ay s ex i st e n ce .

5 T h e Cow kdm adh uk or k dm adlum u t h e Co w Pl en ty w h o y iel ds

of

e ve ry t h in g t h at is d esire d . m Go dd ess o f Spe ec h t h e C reat i ve

W o rd . V i r dj h ere , ap p aren t l y , t he p ro d u ct ive p o we r o f Nat u re . S ee
V III . 10 .

6 Sav i tar
’
s i nstigation savi ti il p savena
’
a l
p ya n
p o h th e words, as
t h o u gh it were Savitar s d
’
sav in g
’
g u i an ce.
432 T H E H YM N S '

or [ B OOK m

11 Kam a hath sl ai n th o se w h o w e re m i ne o p p o ne n t s and ,

g i ve n m e am
p l e ro o m to
g ro w a n d p r o s
p e r .

L e t t h e fo u r reg i o n s b o w t he m do w n be fo re m e ~

an d l e t t h e six e x p anse s b r i ng m e fat n e ss .

12 L e t th e m dri ft do w n w ard li k e a boat to rn fro m th e '

r o e t h at h e l d i t fast
p .

T he re is n o t u rn i n back fo r t h o se w h o m o ur k e e n
ar ro w s h av e re p e l e d .

13 A g n i av e rt s I n d ra av e r ts an d So m a : m ay t he
, ,

av e r ti n g G o ds ave rt t h i s fo e m an .

14 T o be av o id ed by h is fri e n ds de t e sted r e p e ll ed w i th , , ,

fe w h im , l e t h i m w an de r
m e n ro u n d .

Y e a, o n t h e eart h de sce n d t h e lig h t n i n g flash e s -

m ay t h e st r o n g G o d de st ro y y o u r ad ve rsar i e s .

15 This o te n t t h i
li g h t n i n g n o u r sh es
n s sh ak e n , and i
p g
t h i n g s u n sh ak e n y e t , an d al l t h e th u n de rs .

M ay t he S u n , r i si n g w i t h h is w eal t h an d sp l e n do u r,
d ri ve i n vi c to r i o u s m i g h t m y fo e m e n do w n w ard .

1 6 T hy fi r m . an d t r i p ly barr ed
-
p i
ro tect o n , Kem a! t hy
ll m ad e w eap o n p r o o f e xte n de d ar m o u r
p s e -
,

W i th t h at dr i ve t h o u m y fo e m e n t o a di stan ce . M ay
c at t l e, v i t al b reat h , an d li fe fo rsak e t he m .

1 7 F ar fro m t h e w o rl d w h e r e i n we li ve , 0 K am a,
d r iv e t h o u m y fo e m e n w i t h th at se l fsam e w e ap o n
W her e w i th t h e G o ds r e p e ll e d t h e fi e n ds, an d I n dra
cast do w n t h e D asy us i n t o de e est dark n ess
p .

18 A G o ds t h e A su ras, an d I n dra do wn t o t he
ll ed
’

s p re e

l o w e st dark n ess dro ve t h e de m o ns,

So , Ki m a, fro m t h i s wo r l d , t o di st an t p l ac es, dr i ve
t h o u t h e m e n w h o are m i n e ad versari e s .

1 1 Si x exp anses : t h e fo u r card i nal p o in t s, an d t h e u p p e r an d l o w e r

space s o r, acco rdin g to an o t h er acco u n t, H eave n , Ear t h , Day, N igh t,

Wate r ,
an d Pl an ts .

1 2 T he st an za is rep eate d, w ith a v ar iat io n , fro m I I I 6 7 . . .

1 5 Shaken u nshal en :
'

pe r ish ab l e an d im p e rish abl e ; al l n atu re .

‘
17 Wi th that lf
se sam e weap on t he text has m e rel y te na, w i th t hat
‘ .

See V I I I 5 3 ; 8 5 sqq
. . . .
4 34 M E g r am s or [B OOK 1 1 .

24 N ot e ve nis t h e p e er o f K a
t a m a, n o t A g n i ,
C h an dram as th e M o o n, n o r S fi rya .

S t ro ng e r t han th e se ar t t h o u , an d g r e at fo r e v e r .

Kam a, t o t h ee , t o t h e e I o ffe r w o rs h i p .

25 T hy l o ve ly an d au sp i ci o u s fo r m s, 0 Kam a, w h e re by
t h e t h i ng t h o u w il t be c o m e t h re al ,
W i th t h ese co m e th o u an d m ak e t h y h o m e am o n g u s,
a n d m ak e m ali g n an t t h o u gh t s i n h ab i t e l se w h e r e -
.

H Y M N III .

W u l o o se the t i es an d fast e n i n gs o f th e h o u se th at
h o l ds al l p re c i o u s t h i n g s ,

T h e b an ds o f p i l l ars an d o f st ay s th e ti es o f b eam s ,

t h at fo r m t h e r o of .

2 A l l w e al th y H o u se ! e ach k n o t an d ban d, e ac h co rd
-

t h at is at t ach ed t o th ee
I w i t h m y sp e l l u n t i e , as erst B rih asp at i di sc l o se d
t h e cav e .

3 H e dre w th e m c o se ,l b e p re ssed th e m fast , h e m ade

t hy k n o tt e d ban ds sec u re :

25 T he thi ng thou w i l t : o r , ch oo sest . Kam a, t h e Go d of Desire, is

t h e i u l fi l l er, as w el l as t h e i n sp ir er, h is w o rsh ip p ers w i shes
’
of .

T h e h ym n h as b een t ran sl at e d b y M u ir, O S T ext s, V . . . 4 04 , an d by

L u d wig, Der R igveda, I I I p 5 1 9 . . .

T he o ccasio n o f th e h ym n is t h e co n secrat io n o f a n ew l y b u i l t h o use .

I We l o o se the ti es sym b o l izing t h e rem o v al b y p rayer o f al l m al ig

n an t sp el l s an d charm s b y w h ich t h e v ar io us
p ar t s o f t h e h o use are

t i ed an d b o u n d . Pro f . L u d w ig un derstan ds t h e w o rd s l it eral l y as

sign ify in g t h e act u al d ism an t l in g of a d w el l in g h o use -

. P i l l ar s : t he

t Stay s t he sl an t in g o l w h i h t n t h en t h e il l a
co rn e r p o s s p es c s re g p rs
-
. .

2 As er st B rihasp ati : w i t h p rayer, o r w it h m y sp el l , as Bri h asp at i,

Lo rd of Praye r, o p e n ed t h erew i t h t h e h i d in g p l ace -
o f t h e de m o n o f

d ro u gh t . S ee Rg
i v ed a I 6 2 3
. . I I 23 1 8 ; 24 2 I V 50 5
. . . . . V I 73 l
. . .

3 H e t h e h o st il e e n chan te r Sl augh terer . t h e I m m o l at o r, w h o

u n derstan ds the im p o rtan t w o rk of deft l y cu t ting u p t h e vict im w h ose
H YM N T H E s em e n -
ram . 4 35

W it h I ndra s h e l p w e l o o se t h em as a sk il fu l
’

S l au g h t ere r sev e r s j o i n t s .

4 W e l o o se t h e ban ds o f t h y bam b o o s o f bo l t s o f , ,

fast e n i n g o f th at c h , ,

W e l o o se t h e t i e s o f t hy si de p o st s 0 H o u se t h at -
,

h o l de st all w e p r i z e .

5 W e l o o se n h e re t h e t i es an d b an ds o f straw i n b u n dl e s ,

an d o f c l am p s ,

O f al l t h at co m p asse s an d bi n ds t h e L ady G e n i u s o f
the H om e .

6 W e l o o se t h e l o o p s wh i ch m en h ave bo u n d i in
w th
t h e e l o o p s t o t ie
, an d h o ld .

B e g rac i o u s w h e n , e re c t e d , t o o ur b o di e s Lady , of

th e H om e l
7 S to re h o u se o f Som a, A g n i s h all , th e l adi es b o w e r,
’ ’
-

t h e r e si de n ce ,
T h e seat o f Go ds ar t t h o u , O Go dde ss H o u se .

8 We i
w th o u r i n can tat i o n l o o se t h e n e t t h at b at h a
t h o u san d ey e s ,

T h e d i ade m , se cu r e ly t i e d an d l ai d u p o n the c e n t ral

b e am .

9 T h e m an w h o tak e s t h e e as h is o w n , an d h e w h o w as
t h y bu il d e r , H o u se
B o t h t h ese , 0 Lady o f t h e H o m e , sh all li v e t o l o n g
e x t e n de d y e ars .

j oi n t s are to b e care fu l l y ap po r t io n ed t o th e se vera l Go ds to w h om t he

o ffe rin g is m ade .

5 S tr aw i n bu n d l es w it h w h ich t h e h o use is t h atch ed , or w h i ch

l in e t h e wal l s .

7 S tor e hou se of Sam

-
a ch am b er in w h ich b u n dl es o f So m a p l an t s,

r eady fo r p ressin g, w e re k ep t ; se co n dar il y , a p an t ry o r st o re roo m i n -

l h ll h h b i n w h i ch t h e d o m est i c fi re is k e t
’
g en e ra A.
gn i s a t e c am er
p
l l iv in g Dr Gril l
’
up . T he r esiden ce the m en s g e n e ra -
roo m . . om i ts
sch l e ch te V e rs b e in g i n t e rp o l at io n
’
t h is as an .

8 T he n et tha t hath a thou san d eyes p ro b ab l y a coarse reed m at ,

ser vi g
n as a ceil in g cl o t h .
-
4 36 m s a r e as or [ B OOK I I .

T he r el e t h er co m e t o m ee t t h i s m an Fi r m , st ro n g .

l y faste n e d, an d p r e p are d
A rt t h o u w h o se se v e ral li m bs an d j o i n t s w e p art an d
l o o se n o ne by one .

H e w h o co ll ecte d t i m be r fo r th e w o rk an d b u il t th e e
up, 0 H o u se ,

M ade t h e e fo r co m i ng p ro
g e n y Praj ap at i
, , th e L o rd
S u p re m e .

H o m ag e to hi m We w o rsh ip t o o t h e g i ve r an d th e
M an si o n s l o r d
’

H o m age t o A g n i ! t o th e m an w h o se r ves at h o ly
r i t e s fo r t h e e .

H om a e
g t o k i n e an d st e eds to al l t h at sh al l b e b o rn
w i t h i n t h e h o u se 1
W e l o o se t h e b o n ds t h at fast en th ee , m o th er o f m ul

t i t u de s t o c o m e
A g n i t h o u sh e l t e re st w i th i n , an d p eo p l e w i t h d o m es

t ic be ast s .

W e l o o se th e b o n ds t h at fas ten th e e, m o t h e r
.
of
m u l t i t u de s t o c o m e

A ll s
p ace t h at li e s b e t w e e n
t h e ear th an d h e ave n ,
t h ere w i t h I t ak e t h is h o u se fo r t h y p o sse ssi o n ,
’
A n d al l th at m e asu res o u t t h e ai r s m id r eg i o n I -

m ak e a h o ll o w t o c o n t ai n th y t r e asu r e s Th e r e .

w i t h I t ak e t h e h o u se fo r h i s p o sse ssi o n .

R i ch i n p ro sp e r i ty , r i ch i n m il k , fo u n de d an d b u il t
u o n t h e e ar th ,
p
I nj u re n o t t h y re ce i ver s, H o u se w h o h o l de st fo o d o f
e ve r y so r t 1

1 0 T hi s m an t h e ow n er of t h e h o u se .

1 1 P rqjdp r ati t h e b u il d e r is a seco n d Pra apjat i or Lo rd of Li fe as

h e b u il t t h ee fo r t h e sak e o f p r n or p ro gen .
y
1 2 T he g i ver t he in st i t u to r of t he sacri fi ce w hi ch t h e hym n ac
co m p an ies .
433 T H E H YM N S or [ BOOK I I .

L ay th o u n o co rd o r n o o se o n u s : a we i gh ty b u rth en ,

st ill b e li h t
g
W i t he rso e v e r b e our w ill , 0 H o u se , we bear t hee
lik e a b ri de .

N o w fr o m th e e ast si de o f t h e ho u se t o t he Great
Po w e r b e h o m ag e p ai d
H ail t o th e G o ds w h o se d u e i s H ail l
N o w fro m t h e so u t h s i de of t h e h o u se , e tc .

N o w fro m t h e w est s i de o f t h e h o u se , et c .

N o w fro m t he no rth side o f th e h o u se , e t c .

S o fro m t h e m an si o n s e ve ry side t o th e G reat

’
.

P o w e r b e h o m ag e p ai d 1
H a il t o t h e G o ds w h ose d u e i s H ail l

H YM N IV .

T B u ll , fi er ce , t h o u san dfo l d , fi ll e d fu ll o f v ig o u r,
HE

h e ar i n g w i th i n h is fl an k s al l fo r m s an d n at u r e s,
B ri hasp at i s S te e r, hat h st r e t c h e d t h e t h r e ad , b e
’

st o w i n bl l SS o n t h e w o rsh i r , t h e li b e ral g i v e r
g pp e .

2 H b e cam e t h e W at e rs m o d e l , a m atch
fi rst ’
e w h o at
fo r e v e ry o n e , li k e E ar t h t h e Go dde ss ;
T he h usban d o f t h e c o w s t h e y o u n g cal ves fathe r,
’
,

m ay h e se cu r e u s t h o u san d i o l d ab u n dan
’

24 T h e st an za ap p ears t o p o in t t o t h e fu t u re rem o v al o f t h e h o use,

b u il t e n t i re l y o f t im b er, b am boo s, r eeds, and st raw , to so m e O t h e r sit u

at io n . A ccord ing t o Gril l t h e m ean in g is m ere l y, We i n te n d to m ak e

t he h o u se usefu l as a you n g m arr ie d w o m an o u gh t t o b e .

T h e h y m n has b een t ransl at ed b y L u d w ig, Der R ig ved a, I I I p 4 64 . .

b y Z im m e n, A l tind isch es Leb e n , p 1 51 an d b y Gril l , H un dert L ieder,

.

pp : 60, 1 8 8 .

T h e h ym n is a gl orifi cat ion in m y st ical l an gu age o f t h e t yp ical

Sacrifi cial Bul l .

l Str etched the thr ead a fi g urat iv e ex ressio n ,

p fre qu e n tl
y occu rrin g

in th e V ed a, fo r, com m e n ced the u n i n te rru p te d co u rse of sacri fi ce,

Gi ver of erdon or fees t o t h e o ffi ciat ing ri es s,

t
gu ,
p
m u m m y A T E A R V A VE DA -
‘

. 439

3 M asc u l i n e , p re g nan t , ste dfast , full o f vig o u r , th e B ul l

su st ai n s a t r u n k o f o o dl y t r e asu r e
g .

M ay A g n i Jatav edas b e ar h im o ffer ed, on p at h w a s y .

t rav e rse d by t h e G o ds, t o I n dra .

4 T h e h u sb an d o f t h e co ws, th e yo u n g l fat h er,

'
’
ca ves
fat h e r is h e o f m i gh t y w at e r edd i e s -
.

C al f , aft e r -
b ir t h ,new m d r aw n h o t ,il k
an d bi es t i g
n s,
c u rds, b u tte r , t h at i s h i s b est g en i al h u m o u r .

5 H i s t h e G o ds a l o t te d sh are an d bu n dl e
’
l
‘

e , e sse n ce
of w at e rs, an d o f p l an ts , an d b u tt er .

Sak ra el ec te d h i m th e d rau gh t o f S o m , a
. W h at w as
h is b o dy w as a l o fty m o u n tai n .

6 A b e ak e r fill e d w i t h S o m a j u i ce t ho u b earest; fram e r

o f fo r m s b e e t t e r o f t h e cat t l e
g ,
;

i n dl y t o u s b e t h e se t h y w o m bs h ere p re se n t, an d .
;

stay for us 0 A x e t h ose t h at are y o n de r

, ,
.

7 H e b e ars o bl ati o n an d h is see d is b u tt e r T h o u san d

'

.
,

fo l d p l e n ty sacr ifi ce t h ey call h i m .

M ay h e t h e B u ll w e ar i n g t h e sh ap e o f I n dra co m e
, , ,
~

u n t o u s 0 G o ds b e st o w e d w i t h bl essi n g
, , , .

B o th ar m s o f V aru na an d In d ra s v i go u r th e
’
8
‘

, ,
’
M ar u t s h u m p is h e t h e A sv i n s sho u l de rs
’
.
,

T h ey w h o are sage s bards e n do w e d w i t h w i sdo m , , .

call h i m B ri h as at i c o m p act an d h e i g h t e n e d
p .

3 P regnan t : l ade n w it h b l essin gs .

4 A l l t hat t h e co w p ro du ces o rig i n ate s fro m him .

6 Ki n d l y to u s m ean in g , app aren t l y M ay t h e sacri fi cial axe o f th e ~

t yp i cal im m ol ato r o f t he vi ct im secu re to us b l essin gs b o th p rese n t

an d fu t u re .

8 T he M aru t s h u m p
’
: in .
B i g ve da V I I I . 20 . 20 t h e M aru ts are

l i ken e d t o b r igh t sh in in g b ul l s
-
.
’
Brihasp ati t h at is, th e em b od i
m en t o f sacerd o tal ran k an d dign ity , Brih asp at i b ein g the p ro to t yp e at;
t he p riest l y o rder;
4 40 T H E an u s or [B OOK I X .

9 Th o u v ig o ro u s re ach e st t o t h e t r ib es o f h eav e n
, , .

Th e e t h ey call I n dra t h e e t h ey call S arasv an , .

T u r n e d t o o n e ai m t h at B rah m an g i ves a th o usan d ,

w h o o ffe rs u p t h e B u ll as h i s o b l at i o n .

B rih asp at i S av i t ar g av e t h e e v i tal v i g o u r

, t hy
br e ath w as br o u g h t fro m T vashtar an d fro m V ay u .

I n th o u gh t I offe r t h e e i n ai r s m id r e g i o n T hy
’
-
.

sacr i fi c i al g r ass b e E art h an d H eav e n !

L et t h e p r i est j o y fu lly e x to l th e li m bs an d m em be rs
o f t h e B u ll

W h o m o v e d an d r o ar ed am o n g t h e k i n e as I n dra
m o v e s am o n g t h e G o ds .

T h e si de s m u st b e A n u m ati s an d b o th r ib p i e ces
’
-
,

B h aga s sh are
’
.

O f t h e k n e e b o n es h at h M i t ra sai d, B o th th ese are

-

m i n e an d o n ly m i n e
, .

T h e A d ityas c l ai m t h e h i n der p ar t s, th e l o i n s m u st
b e B ri h asp ati s
’
.

V ft ta, t h e G o d , r e ce i v e s t he tail h e st i rs t h e p lan ts

an d h e r b s t h e re w i t h .

T o S uryat h e y . ass ig n ed th e sk n ,
i t o S in i vali i n w ard
arts
p .

T h e S l au gh te r e r h at h th e fee t , th ey id
sa ,
w h e n th e y
d i st rib u t ed th e B u ll .

9 Sar aw an : a div in ity of th e u pp e r regi o n , g u ard ian of t h e h eav en

l y w at ers ( of . fat h er is h e of m igh t y wat er edd ies -
’
in st an za an d
b e st o w e r of fe rt il it y .

1 1 L et the p r iest j oyf u l l y exto l in an im al sacrifi ces t h e car vers or

d isse ctors of th e vi ct im are t o call o u t t h e n am e s o f t h e sev eral p art s
of the carcass as t h ey d i vide t h em , each p o r t io n b e in g assig n ed t o a
sep arate d i v in it y . See Rg
i v eda I . 1 62 1 8
. .

12 t h e po rt ion of Di vin e Favo ur p erson i fi ed . See I 1 8 . .

2, n o te .

1 4 Sarya t h e dau gh te r of th e Sun T hey t h e Go ds w ho p or tio n ed

.

out t h e ideal arch etypal Bull . Si n tvd l i Goddess o f th e New M oon .

442 TH E g
’
r a ms or [ 3 0 0 3 1 1 .

W i th c l o se c o n n e x o n m i i ng l e w i t h th e co w s i n th is
o u r c at t e l -

p en

M i n gl e t h e B u ll li fi c flo w , an d, I n dra ! th i n e
’
ro
,
s
p
h e ro i c s t re n
g t h
H ere w e t h i s B u ll , y ou r y o u th fu l l e ad er
r e st o re

s o rt i n w i th h i m , g o , w an de r at y o u r p l e asu r e
p g .

N e e r w e al t h y o n e s ! m ay h e b e r e ft o f o ffsp rin g ;
’

an d do y e fav o u r u s w ith gr o w t h o f r i ch es .

H YM N V .

s h i m and b r i n g h i m h i t h e r
s L e t h i m travel , .

fo r e k n o w i n g , t o t h e r e gi o n s o f th e p i o us .

C ro ssi n g i n m an y a p l ace t h e m ig hty dark n e ss, l e t

t h e G o at m o u n t t o t h e t h ir d h e av e n ab o v e u s .

2 I br i n g t h e e h i t he r as a sh are fo r I n dr a ; p r i n ce , at
t h i s sac r ifi ce fo r h i m w h o w o rsh i p s
,
.

G rasp fi r m ly fr o m b e h i n d al l t h o se w ho h ate u s : so

l e t t h e sac ri fi cer s m e n h e si n l ess

’
.

22 T h is stan za is t ak e n , w it h v ar iat io ns, fro m R ig veda V I . 28 8 . .

T h e i m p r egn at io n o f t h e co w s is t h e j
o b e ct o f t h e w ish .

23 T h e st an za is add ressed t o t he co w s .

T h e h ym n is a g l o ri fi cat i o n , p ar t l y i n m y st i cal l an gu age, of t he

Sacri fi cial Go at .

l H im : th e v i ct im ; t h e Goat . R egi on s o f the p i ou s : t he vi ct m i

sacri fi ced t o t h e Go ds g o es im m edi at el y t o heav en . So , of t h e sacri
fi ce d H o rse T h e St eed is co m e u n t o t he no b l est m an sio n , is co m e

u n to h is fat h er an d h is m o t h er ( H eav en an d E art h )

T h is day sh al l
.

he app ro ach t h e Go d s, m ost w e l co m e t h en h e d ecl ar es go o d g ifts

to h im w h o o dh ra
’
(R g
i ved a I 1 63 . . T h i r d h eaven cf A V V III . . . X .

2 4 8, w he re t h r ee h eav en s are m e n t io n ed , t he l o w est, t h e in te rm ed iate

.

an d t h e t h i rd in w h ich t h e F at h e rs dw e l l .

2 P r in ce t h e Sfi ri i s t h e p r in ce , n ob l e, o r w eal t h y h o u seh o l d er w h o
in st it u te s t h e sacri fi ce and re wards the e mciat i n g p r ie st s an d the

g o at w h en sacrifi ced is t o b e t h e p rin ce w h o b r in gs a rew ard t o t h e

sac ri fi ce r in t he shape of b l essin gs fro m th e Go d t o w h om t h e offering
is p resen ted .
H YM N T H E A TH A R V i i V E DA -
. 4 43

3 W ash fr o mh is feet al l t race o f e v il do i n g fo r e -

k n o w i n g , w i t h cl e an sed h o o v e s l e t h i m go u p w ar d .

Gaz i n g o n m an y a sp o t , cro ssi n g t h e dark n ess l e t ,

t h e G o at m o u n t t o t h e t h i rd h eav e n ab o v e u s .

4 C ut up th is sk ni i
w th t h e g re y k n i fe , Di sse ct o r !
d i v i di n g j o i n t fro m j o i n t , an d m an g le n o t h i n g
‘

D o h i m no i nj u ry li m b b y li m b ar ran g e him , an d
se n d h i m u t o th e th i rd co e o f h eave n
p p .

5 W i th t h e fi re I se t t h e cal dr o n p o u r i n
v e r se u o n
p
t h e w ate r ; l ay h im do w n w i t hi n i t !
E n co m p ass h i m w i t h fi r e y e I m m o l at o r s
, C o o k e d, .

l e t h i m re ach th e w o rl d w h e re d w e ll t h e ri gh t e o u s .

6 H e n ce co m e t h o u fo rt h , v e x e d by n o p ai n o r t o r m e n t .

M o u n t t o t h e t h i rd he av e n fro m t h e h e at e d v esse l .

A s fi re o u t o f t h e fi r e h ast t h o u ar i se n Co n qu e r and .

w i n t h i s l u c i d w o rl d o f sp l e n do u r .

7 T he Go at is A g n i : lig h t t h e y call him say i n g t h at ,

li v i ng m an m u st gi v e h i m t o t h e B rah m an .

Gi v e n i n t h is w o rl d by a de v o u t be li e ve r t h e Go at ,

d i sp e l s an d dr i v e s afar t h e dar k n e ss .

8 L e t t h e P afi c h au d a n a G o at ab o u t t o v i si t th e t h r ee
,

l ig h t s p ass aw ay i n fi ve d i v i si o n s
,
.

4 T h e carcase i s to b e m o st car efu l l y cu t u p an d t h e o in t s j n eat l

y
d iv id ed
. Le t n o t a greedy cl u m sy I m m ol ato r , m issin g t h e j o in ts,

m an gl e t h y l im b s u n du l y ( Bigv eda I 1 62 . .

5 Wi th ver se r eci t in g a ri ch, a sacred v erse o r h ym n o f p raise,

di st in g u ish ed fro m t h e sdm an w h ich is sun g o r chan ted, an d fro m t h e
aj us o r sacr ifi cial fo rm ul a
y .

6 A sfi r e ou t o f the fi r e : o r , A s A gn i ou t of fi re . See st an za 6 .

7 T he Goat i s Ag n i so m e w h at sim i l ar i s t h e
Scan d in av ian ol d

b el ie f t h at a vi ct im o ffered t o a god b ecam e in co rp o rate i n t h e go d

an d o b t ai n ed a p o r t io n o f h is di vine p o we r B r ah m an t h e ch ief
.

p ri e st w h o d i rects t h e sacri fi ce .

8 P afl chau dan a o ffered w it h a fi v e fol d m ess, o r fi v e m esse s, o f

b o il ed ri ce , o r grai n m ash ed an d co o k ed w i t h m il k T hr ee l igh ts : t h ree
.

l u m in o u s h eaven s See stanza 1 I n fi ve d i vi si on s : o n e fo r each Odano

. .

or m ess o f b o il ed ri ce.P o r te d refer rin g t o t h e goat , d iv ided in t o fi ve .

4 44 n ew H YM N S or [ BO OK 11 .

Go m i dst t h e p i o u s w h o h av e p ai d th e i r w o rsh i p , and,

p ar t e d , d w e ll o n t h e t h i rd c o
p e o f h e av en .

9 R i se t o th at w o r l d , 0 G o at , w h e re d w e ll t h e r i gh t
ass, li k e a S arab h a v e il e d, al l di ffi c u l t l a
eo u s p p ces .

T he Go at P afi ch au dan a, g i v e n t o a B rah m an , sh a ll
w i t h al l fu l n e ss sat i sfy t h e g i v e r .

T h e Go at P afi chau dan a, g i ve n t o a B rah m an , sets

t h e b e st o w e r o n t h e p i tc h o f h e av e n ,
I n t h e t h i r d v au l t , t h i rd sk y , t h i r d r i dge O n e o n ly .

C o w o m n i fo r m art th o u , t h at yi e l ds all w i sh es .

T hat is th e t h i rd li gh t t hat is y o u rs ye F ath e rs H e , .

i v e s t h e G o at P afi ch au dan a t o t h e B rah m an
g .

Gi v e n i n t h i s w o r l d by t h e dev o u t be li e ve r th e Go at ,

d i sp el s an d dri v es afar t h e dark n e ss .

S e ek i n g th e w o r l d o f g o o d m e n w h o h av e w orsh i p p ed ,

h e g i ves th e G o at P afi ch au dan a t o t h e B rah m an .

W in th o u th i s w o rl d as t hy co m p l et e p o ssessi o n .

A u sp i c i o u s u n t o u s b e h e acce p t ed ! ,

Tr u ly th e Go at sp ran g fro m th e gl o w o f A g
s i re d as sa e w i t h al l a sa e s
’
o w er
p g g p .

S ac r ifi c e fill
,
e d fill e d f,u ll o ffe re d w i t,
h V as —
hat t h i s
l e t t h e G o ds arr an ge at p r o p e r seaso n s .

H o m e w o v e n rai m e n t l et h i m g i v e an d go l d as
-
,

u erdo n t o t h e i t
g p r e s s .

S o h e o bt ai n s co m p l et e ly al l ce l est i al an d t er restr i al
w o rl ds .

9 Sar abha p ro b ab l y som e k in d of deer ; accord ing t o M ahidhara

an e igh t -l egged an im al , a dan gero u s en em y o f t h e l ion .

1 0 One on l y C ow t h e Co w of Pl en ty .

1 1 T he t hi r d l igh t : t h e h igh est h eaven . See n o te on st anza 1 He

.

t h e sacrifi cer .
4 45 T H E m u ms or [ 3 00 3 I I
‘

H is y e s w e re Tr u t h an d R i g h t T h e w h o l e to g e t h e r
e .

w as T r u t h : V i ra j h i s h e ad an d F ai t h h i s b r e at h i n
g
, .

T his G o at P aii ch au dan a w as i n de ed a sacr ifi c e n u

li m i t e d .

A b o u n dl e ss sacr ifi c e h e p e r fo r m s h e w i n s h i m se l f a ,

b o u n dl e ss w o r l d
W h o g i ve s t he G o at P aii ch au dan a ill u m i n ed w i th a
r i e st ly fe e
p .

L e t h i m n o t b r eak t h e vi ct i m s b o n e s l e t h i m n o t
’

su c k t he m ar r o w o u t .

L e t t h e m an , t ak i n g h i m i
e n t r e, h er e , e ve n h ere
d e p o si t h i m .

Th i s ,
e v en th i s is h is t ru e fo r m : t he m an u n it e th

h im t he r e w i th .

Fo o d g ,
b
r e at n e ss, st r e n
r i n e th h i m w h o
g g t h hgei v e th

t h e G o at P afi c h au dan a ill u m e d w i t h g u e r d o n .

T h e fi ve g o l d p i e c e s an d t h e fi v e n e w gar m e n ts an d
, ,

t h e fi v e m i l ch k i n e yi e l d h i m al l h is w i sh e s
-

W h o g i v e s t he G o at P afi ch au dan a ill u m i n e d w i th a
r i e st ly fe e
p .

T h e fi v e g o l d p i e c e s ar e a li g h t t o li g ht h i m ro b e s ,

b e co m e ar m o u r to de fe n d h is b o dy
H e w i n n e t h S v ar ga as h is h o m e w h o g i v e t h t h e
G o at P afi ch au dan a ill u m e d w it h b o u n ty .

W he n sh e w h o hat h b e e n w e dded fi n ds a se co n d
h u sb an d aft e r w ar d ,

T h e t w ai n sh al l n o t b e p art e d if t h ey g i v e t h e Go at
P afi c h au dan a .

21 V i r dj : se e V II I 1 0
. .

22 I l l u m i n ed e n h an ced in v al u e .

k m d ; o r go l d
'

25 Go l d p i eces ru n e ck l e t s . T h ese an d t h e o t h er

r e sen t s m en t io n ed are t h e d alcsh i n d or h on o rari u m b est o w ed on t h e

p
p r i e sts b y t h e in st it u t o r of the sacr ifi ce .

27 A seco n d husban d : aft e r t h e deat h of t h e fi rst .

H u m THE m n m . 4 47

One w or i t h e t e w edded w i fe b e co m es t h e
ld w th -

se c o n d h u sban d s h o m e
’

W h o g i v e s t h e Go at P afi ch au dan a ill u m i n e d w i th
t he p r i e stly fe e .

T h ey w h o h av e g i v e n a c o w w h o dro p s a cal f e ac h
se aso n , o r an o x ,

A l
co v e r et , a r o be , o r
g o ld , g o t o th e l o ft i est sp h e r e

of he av e n .

H i m se l f
, t h e fa t h e r an d t h e so n , t h e
g ran d so n ,
an d
t h e fat h e r s si re ,
’

M o t h e r, w i fe , h e r w h o b o re h is b abe s, al l t h e be lo v ed
o ne s I ca ll .

T he m an w h o k n o w s t h e se aso n n am e d th e S c o r ch i n g
t h e G o at P afi c hau dan a is t h i s sc o rc h i n g se aso n
H li ve s h i m se l f, h e v e rily bu r n s u p h is h ate d r i v al s ’
e

fam e ,
W h o g i ve s t h e G o at P afi ch au dan a ill u m i n e d i
w th
t h e p r i e st ly fe e .

T he m an w ho k n o w s t h e se aso n c all ed t h e W o rk i n g
t ak e s t o h i m se l f t h e ac ti v e fam e , h is h at e d r i v al s
’

i v e fam e
ac t .

T he G o at P afi ch au dan a is t h i s W o rk i n g se aso n .

H e li v e s h i m se l f e t c ,
.

T he m an w h ok n o w s t h e se aso n call e d t h e M e e t i n g
t ak e s t o h i m se l f t h e g at h e r i ng fam e , h is h at e d
r i v al s e ri n
’

g at h g fam e .

T h e G o at P afi c h au dan a is th i s M e e t i n g se aso n .

T he m an w h ok n o w s t h e se a so n c all e d t h e S w e lli n g

t ak e s t o h i m se l f th e sw e l l i n g fam e , h is h at e d r i val s
’

s w e lli n fa m
g e .

28 On e wor ld h eav en af te r d eat h .

31 T he S ear ch i ng n atd dg ha ; su m m er, t h e h o t w eat h er b e fo r e t h e

R ain s
3 2 T he Wor k ing t h e co l d w eat h er . T he o t he r d i visio n s of t he

y ear in stan zas —

33 36 are b ab l fan cifu l an d v ar iab l e
p ro y .
4 48 THE H YM N S or [ 130 011 1 1 r
.

T h e Go at P afi ch au dan a is t h i s S w e lli n g seaso n .

H e li v es h i m se l f, e tc .

T he m an w h o k n o w s t h e seaso n call e d th e R i si n g
t ak e s t o h i m se l f t h e r i si n f m e , h is hat e d r i v al s
'

g a
r i si n fam e
g .

T h e G o at P afi c hau dan a is t h i s R i si n g se aso n .

T h e m an w h o k n o w s t h e seaso n call e d S u rp assi n g

t ak e s t o h im se l f t h e c o n q u e ri n g fam e h is hate d ,

r 1 val s co n q u e r i n f
’

g am e .

T h e G o at P afi c hau dan a 1 s t h i s C o n q u er i n g seaso n .

H e li v e s h i m se l f h e v e r ily b u r n s u p h is h at e d r i v al s
’

fam e
W h o gi ve s th e G o at P afi ch au dan a ill u m i n e d w th a
i
r i e st ly fe e
p .

H e co o k s t he G o at an d t he fi ve b o il ed r i ce m e sse s .

M ay t h e u n i t e d Q u ar t e r s al l ac c o rdan t
, ,
an d in
t e r m e diat e p o in t s, ac c e p t h i m fr o m t h e e .

M ay t h e se p r ese r v e h i m fo r t h e e H ere I . o ffe r to

t h e se t h e m o l te n b u tter as o bl at i o n .

H YM N V I .

W H o so w ill k n o w Pray e r w i th i m m ediat e k n o w l e dge ,

w h o se m e m b e rs are t h e st u ff w h o se sp i n e t h e ,

v e r se s

38 T hese th e Qu art e rs o f t he y sk , w it h t h e in te rm ed iat e p o i n ts .

T h e hy m n h as b e en t ransl at ed b y L u d w ig , Der R ig v eda, I I I p 4 35 . . .

T h e h y m n is a gl o ri fi cat io n o f t h e h osp itab l e recep t ion o f g uest s,

r egarded as id en t ical w it h sacri fi ce o fi e red t o t h e Go d s Stan zas 3— 62
'

are i n p ro se .

1 Wi th i m m edi ate kno w l edge p r atydksham l it eral l y , b e fo re t h e

eyes, face t o face ; m ean in g h e re, em b o died in p ract i ce C f l ab o rat o
. .

T he stuf t h e m at eri al o f w h i ch t h e sacred v e rses are

’
e st o rare .

co m p osed . T he ver ses ri cha s t h e h ol y v e rses o f a

p y
r er an d p raise in
t h e form in wh ich t h ey h ave b een re veal ed .
1 50 m s 3 1 m m or [ s o ar 1 1 .

th e w at e r t h e p r e ssi n g g e ar 1 7 S p o o n , l ad l e , fo r k ,
-
.

st i r r i n g p r o n g are
-
t h e w o o de n S o m a t u bs ; th e
e ar t h e n co o k i n t a t h m o r t ar sh a e d S o m a
g p o s r e e
p
- -

v esse l s ; t h i s e ar t h is j u st t h e bl ac k an t e l o e s sk i n
'

p
-
.

O r t h e h o st i n t h i s w ay t o a Y aj am fi n a s
’
8 ac ts
B rah m an w h e n h e l o o ks at t h e fu r n i t u re an d u t e n
sil s h e say s, M o r e h e r e ! Y e t m o r e h e r e 1 9 Whe n .

h e say s, B r i n g o u t m o re , h e l e n g t h e n s h is li fe t he re by .

20 H e br i n g s o bl at i o n s h e m ak e s th e m e n si t do w n .

2 1 A s t h e g u e st o f t h e se at e d co m p an y h e h i m se l f
o ffe rs u p sac r i fi c e 22 W i t h l ad l e w i t h h an d , i n l i fe ,
. ,

at t h e sac r ifi c i al p o st , w i t h c r y o f L ad l e ! w ith e x
cl am at i o n o f V ashat l 23 N o w t h e se g u est s, as
ri e st s b e l o ve d o r n o t b e l o v e d , b r i n g o n e t o t h e w o r l d
p
o f S varga .24 H e w h o hat h t h i s k n o w l e d ge sh o u l d
n o t e at hat i n g , sh o u l d n o t e at t h e fo o d o f o n e w h o

h at es h im n o r o f o n e w h o is do u b tfu l , n o r o f o n e
,

w h o i s u n d ec i de d 25 T h i s m an w h o se fo o d t h e y e at
.

h ath al l h is w i ck ed n e ss bl o t te d o u t 26 A l l t h at m an s
’
.

sin w h o se fo o d t h e y do n o t e at r e m ai n s u n bl o t t e d o u t .

27 T h e m an w h o su p p li e s fo o d h at h al w ay s p r e ssi n g
sto n e s adj u st e d , a w e t S o m a fil t e r, w e l l p r e par e d

r e l ig i o u s r i t es, an d m e n t al p o w e r t o c o m p l e t e t h e
arr an g e d sac r ifi c e 28 T h e arran g ed sac r ifi c e o f t h e
.

m an w h o o ffe rs foo d is a sac r ifi c e t o Pr aj a p a t i .

29 T h e m an w h o o ffe rs fo o d fo ll o w s t h e st e p s o f
P r aj fip at i . 30 T h e fi re o f t h e g u e sts is t h e A h av a
n i ya, t h e fi re i n t h e d w e lli n g is t h e G a r h a aty a t h at
p ,

w h e r e o n t h e y co o k fo od is t h e So u t h e rn S acr i fi cial Fi re .

se r ve as a fen ce t o rest rict t h e ran ge o f t h e fi re 1 7 Wooden So m a .

tu bs : dr onakal agd h l arge v essel s t hat re cei ve an d h o l d t h e So m a

'

ju ice as i t fl o s f ro m th e p ress
w B l ack-
an tel op e? sk i n : w hi ch is t o be
.

sp read o n t h e floo r .

1 8 Y aj am dn a a w ea l t h y h o us e h o l d e r w h o i ns t i t u t es sacri fi ces a n d
de frays al l t h e expe n se s 22 L ad l e Vachat I excl am at io n s o f
‘

t h e o ffi ciat in g p riest as h e o ffers t h e l ib at io n 25 B l o tted ou t

. l it e ral
l y, b u rn t u p . 30 J ha va n l y a t h e e a st e rn sa c r i fi c ia l fi re Gd r ha p ty
. a
t h e h o use ho l der s w estern sacred fi re
’
Sou thern th e Daksh int gm
. .
H YM N T 17 11: A T H A R V A V E DA -
. 4 51

N o w t h at m an w h o e ats be fo r e t h e gu est e ats u

p
t h e sac rifi ce an d t h e m e r i t o f t h e h o u se 32 H e .

d e v o u rs t h e m il k an d th e sap 33 A n d t he v i go u r
,

a n d p ro sp e r i t y : 34 A n d t h e o e n y an d t h e c at tl e
p g
r

35 A n d t h e fam e an d re p u t at io n 36 T h e m an w h o .

e at s b e fo r e t h e st e ats u t h l o r y an d t he u n
g u e
p e
g
d e r st an d in g o f t h e h o u se 37 T h e m an sh o u l d n o t
.

e at be fo re t h e
g u e s t w h o i s a B ra h m an v e rse d i n
h o ly l o r e 38 W h e n t h e g u e st hat h e at e n h e sh o u l d
.

e at . T h is is t h e r u l e fo r t h e an i m at i o n o f t h e sacr i
fi c e an d t h e p re se r vat i o n o f its c o n t i n u i ty 39 N o w .

t h e s w e e t e st p o r t io n t h e p r o d u c e o f t h e co w , m il k ,
,

o r fl e sh , t h at v e r ily h e sh o u l d n o t e at .

T h e m an w h o h av i n g t h i s k n o w l e dg e p o u rs o u t
m il k an d o ffe r s it w i n s fo r h i m se l f as m u ch t h er e b y
as h e gai n s by t h e p e r fo r m an ce o f a v e ry su c ce ssfu l
A g n ish to m a sac r ifi c e 4 1 T h e m an w h o hav i n g t h i s
.

k n o w l e dg e p o u rs o u t cl ar ifi e d b u t te r an d o ffe rs it w i n s
fo r h i m se l f t h e r e by as m u c h as h e g ai n s by t h e p e r
fo r m an ce o f a v e ry su cce ssfu l A t irat ra sac r ifi c e .

4 2 H e w h o p o u rs o u t m e ad an d o ffe rs i t w i n s fo r
h i m se l f t h e re by m u c h as h e g a i n s by th e p e rfo r
m an ce o f a v e ry su c ce ssfu l S at t rasady a sac ri fi c e ,

4 3 H e w h o h av i n g t h i s k n o w l e dg e b e sp r i n k l es fl esh
an d o ffe rs i t w i n s fo r h i m se l f t h e re by as m u c h as he
ai n s by t h e rfo r m an ce o f a v e ry su cc e ssfu l T w e l v e
g p e

D ay sacr ifi ce 4 4 T h e m an w h o h av i n g t h i s k n o w
.

l e dg e o u rs o u t w at e r an d o ffe rs it o b tai n s a r e st i n g
p l a ce fd
r t he
p ro c r e at i o n o f li v i n g b e i n g s an d b e co m e s

31 T he m er i t of go o d w o rk s t hat w i ll be rew arded in h eav en .

4 0 A gn i shtom a ( p raise o f A gn i ) , a p ro t ract ed cerem o n y, exte n d in g

o ve r se ve ral days, an d form in g an esse n t ial part o f t h e Jyo t ish to m a
w h i ch , co n sist in g o f fo u r o r se v en d i v isio n s, is co n sid ered as t h e t yp i
cal fo r m o f a w h o l e cl ass o f So m a ce re m o n ies 4 1 A t i r d tr a an o p t io n al
.

p a r t o f t h e J y o t ish t o m a s ac r i fi c e .4 2 S a t t r asad ya a l o n g s ac r i fi ce,

sacri fi cial sessio n , o r So m a cere m o n y , co n d u cted b y m an y o ffi ciat in g

p r ies t s, a n d l as t in g, a cco rd in g t o so m e au t h o r i t i es, f ro m t h irt ee n to a

h u ndred days . See no te on I 30 4 . . .
 O K x
‘

1 52 M E H YM NS or [ B O 1 .

dear to li v i n g be i n g s, e v e n th e m an w h o h av i ng th i s
k n o w l e dg e p o u rs o u t w at er an d o ffers it .

F o r h im Daw n m u r m u rs an d S av i tar si n gs t h e ,

r e l u de ; B ri h as at i c h an ts w i t h v i o u r an d T v ash tar
p p g ,

o i n s in w i t h i n c re ase t h e V isv e D e vfi h tak e u p t h e

j
co n c l u si o n H e w h o h at h t h i s k n o w l e dg e i s t h e
.

abi d i n g p l ace o f w e l far e o f r o e n y , an d o f cat t l e

p g
-
.
,

4 6 F o r h im t h e r i si n g S u n m u rm u r s an d E ar ly ,

M o r n i n g si n g s t he p r e l u d e N o o n c h an t s t h e p sal m ,
A ft e r n o o n j o i n s in t h e se t t i n g S u n t ak es u p t h e c o n
e l u si o n . H e w h o h at h t h is k n o w l e dg e i s t h e abi di n g
l ac e o f w e l far e , o f p r o g e n y , an d o f c at t l e 47 For
p
.

im t h e R ai n cl o u d m u r m u rs w h e n p r e se n t , si n gs t he
-

r e l u d e w h e n t h u n de r i n j i i w h l i h t en in ,
p g o n s n , e n
g g
c h an t s t h e
p s a l m w h e n r ai n i n
g a n d t ak e s u
p t h
,
e co n

e l u si o n w h e n i t st ay s t h e d o w n o u r H e w h o h at h
p .

t h i s k n o w l e dg e is t h e abi d i n g p l ace o f w e l far e , o f -

ro en y , an d o f cat t l e 4 8 H l k a t t h u e sts,
p g . e o o s e g
h e u t t e rs a g e n t l e so u n d ; h e sp e ak s, h e si n g s t h e
p re l u de ; h e call s fo r w at e r h e ch an t s t h e , p sal m h e

o ffe rs t h e r esi d u e o f t h e sac r ifi ce , h e t ak e s u t h e

p
l i
co n c u s o n .

W h e n h e su m m o n s th e doo r k e e p e r h e g i ve s i n -

st ru c t i o n 50 H e ( t h e do o r k e e e r ) p ro n o u n c e s t h e
p
-
.

sac r ifi c i al fo rm u l a i n h is an sw e r t o w h at h e h e ars .

51 W h e n t h e at t e n dan ts w i t h v e sse l s i n th e i r h an d s ,

fo re m o st an d h i n d m o st co m e i n t h e y are j u st t h e
, ,

r i ests w h o m an a e t h e S o m a cu s 52 N ot on e o f
p g p .

4 5 T he Go ds t h em sel v es fo rm a ch o ir fo r t h e l ib eral h ost , an d ch an t

f o r h im a so n g o f p raise Daw n m u rm u r s u t ters a l o w so u n d , in t ro
.

d u c in g , or g i vi n g t h e k ey n o te-
o f , t h e hy m n S i n g s th e.
p re l s d e a cts
as Prast o tar, o r p recen to r C han ts : acts as Udg ht ar
. J oi ns i n acts .

as Prat ih ar tar, or assistan t o f t he Udgi t ar, an d o in s in t h e ch an ti n g j

o f t h e l ast Pi da o f t h e v e rse 4 8 N o t o n l y do t h e Go ds, t h e S u n in
.

h is di vers st ag es, an d t h e R ai n c l o u d fo rm t he h ost s p riestl y ch o rus,

’
-

b u t ea c h h os p i tab l e a c t o f h is re p r es e n ts a p o rt io n o f t h e ch o ra l se rv ice .

51 P r i ests wh o m an age the So m a cup s : cham a sdil hs ar yavah t ho

A dh vary us o r p riests in ch arge o f th e vessel s o ut of w h ich t h e So ns.
454 a ms or
m s ex [ B OOK 1 1 .

t h e sh o u l de r b ar 4 H is u n i v e rse is V a
-
. yu , S varga
i s his w o rl d , Krish nad ram is t h e t e n do n s an d ve r t e
b rae 5 T h e Sy e n a ce re m o n y is t h e b reast , A ir is
.

t h e re gi o n o f t he be lly B ri h asp at i i s t h e h u m p , ,

B ri hati t h e b re ast b o n e an d car t il ag es o f t h e r ib s

-
.

6 T h e c o n so r ts o f t he Go ds are t h e r ibs, t h e at te n d
an ts are r ibs 7 M i t ra an d V aru na are t h e sh o u l de r
.

blades, T vash tar an d A ryam an t h e fo re ar m s, M ah a -

d e va is t h e ar m s 8 I n d rfi ni is t h e h i n de r p ar t s,
.

d u t h e t ail , P a v a m a n a t h e h ai r 9 P r i e s t ly r an k .

an d p r i n ce l y p o w e r ar e t h e h i s, an d st re n gt h is t h e
p
t h ig h 10 t
. tar an d Sav i tar ar e t h e t w o k n e e
b o n e s, t h e Gan d har vas are t h e l e gs, t h e A p sarase s
are bi ts o f t he fe e t , A d i t i is t h e h o o ve s 1 1 T h o u gh t .

i s t he h e ar t , i n t e llig e n c e is t h e l i v e r , l aw t he p e r icar
d i u m 1 2 H u ng e r is t he be lly re fre sh i n g dr i n k is t h e
.
,

re c t u m , m o u n t ai n s ar e t h e i n w ar d
p a rt s 1 3 W rat h .

i s t h e k i d n ey s, an g e r t h e te st e s, o fi sp r in g t h e g e n e ra
'

ti v e o rgan 1 4 T h e r i v e r i s t h e w o m b , t h e L o r ds o f
.

t h e R ai n are th e b r e ast s, t h e t h u n de r i s t h e u dde r .

1 5 T h e A l l e m b rac i n g ( A d i t i ) is t h e h i de , t h e h e r bs
-

are h e r h ai r , an d t h e L u n ar M an si o n s h e r fo r m .

1 6 T he h o sts o f G o ds are h e r e n t r ail s, m e n ar e h e r

b o w e l s, an d de m o n s h e r ab do m e n 1 7 R fik sh asas .

ar e th e bl o od , t h e O t h e r F o l k ar e t h e c o n t e n t s o f t h e
st o m ac h 1 8 T he rai n c l o u d is he r fat , h er r e st i ng
.
-

p l ac e h e r m ar ro w 1 9 S i t t i n.
g h e i s A g n i w he n h e ,

h at h st o o d u p h e is t h e A s v i n s 20 S t an d i n cr
ci
e ast
.

w ards h e is I n dra, st an d i n
g so u t h w ar ds, Y am a »

h en ce cal l ed Khrt t ik ey a 4 Kri sh nad r am . t h e w o rd is u n in t e l l igib l e .

5 Sym a a k in d o f E k fih a o r So m a sacrifi ce l ast in g o n e day .

7 M ahddec a : Great God, an ap p e l l at io n u su al ly g iven t o R u d ra o r o n e

o f t h e Go ds co n n ect e d w it h h i m I n cl assical San sk ri t, an d at t he
.

rese n t t im e, t h e t i t l e is app l ie d to S i va, M aha d eo 8 I n d r an i : t h e

p .

C o nso rt o f I n d ra P avam d n a t h e deifi ed So m a u ice 10 B h atar

. j .

t h e Ordain e r 1 4 T he C o w is n o w t h e su b ect o f g l o ri fi cat io n

. j .

1 7 Oth er Fo l k a eu p h em ist ic ex pressio n fo r ce rta in b e in g s co n side red

t o b e sp i ri ts o f dark n ess C f V I II IO 28
. . 1 9 T h e Bu l l is again t h e
. . .

j
su b ect . S i tti ng A gn i as Sacrifi c al F i re b ein g st at io n ary 20 I n dra
’

.
H YM N T H E A T H A R V A V E DA -
. 4 55

21 S tan di ng w est w ards h e is D hfitar , stan di ng

n o r t h w ards S av i t ar 22 W h e n h e h at h g o t h is grass
.

h e i s Ki n g S o m a 23 H e i s M i t ra w he n h e l o o k s
.

ab o u t h im , an d w h e n h e hat h t u rn e d ro u n d h e is j o y .

2 4 W h e n he is yo k i ng he be l o ngs to t he A l l G o ds, -

w h e n y o k e d he i s Pr aj a p a t i ,
w h e n u n y o k e d h e i s A l l .

2 5 Th i s v e r il y is o m n i fo r m w e ar i n g al l fo r m s, b o v i n e,

fo r m e d 26 U p o n h i m w ai t o m n i fo r m be ast s, w ear i n g
.

e ve r
y sh a e
p , e ach o n e w h o h at h th is k n o w l ed g e .

H YM N V I II .

E A C H p ai n an d ac he t h at rack s th e h ead , earach e ,

an d e rys -
i p e las ,

A ll m a ad
l y t h at w r i n gs th y b ro w w e c h ar m aw a y w i th
th i s o u r sp e ll .

2 F r o m b o th t hi n e e ar s, fr o m p ar t s t he re o f, t h i n e e ar
ac h e , an d t h e t h r o b b i n g p ai n ,

All l
m a ad
y t h at w r i ng s thy b ro w w e ch ar m aw a y w it h
t hi s our s
p e ll .

3 S o t h at C o n sum p t i on m ay de p art fo rth fr o m th i n e

e ars an d fr o m t hy m o u th ,

A ll l
m a ad
y t h at w r i n g s t h y bro w w e c h ar m aw a y w i th
thi s our s el
p l
.

re gard ed as Warder of th e East . 23 M i tr a : t h e al l -su r veyin g Sun .

T h e h ym n is a ch ar m for t h e cu re o f v ar io u s d iseases an d pain s

m o re or l ess co n n ecte d , o r su pp o sed to b e co nn ect e d , w it h C o nsu m p
t io n .

1 E r y n p el aa vi l o hi tdb ( d k red, l ) l in
’

ar -
or p p
u r e a
; pp aren t y an

flam m at o ry d iseas e h ead ; p ro bab l y erysip el as See

at t ack in g t h e . Wise,
H i n d u Sy st em o f M ed icin e, p 27 0 . .

2 F r o m p a rt s th er eof : M fi kflshebhyab w h at t h ese kdfi kfl c’cas are is

u n k n ow n . T hro bbi ng p ai n o r t h e di sease t h at causes t h ro b b i n g o r
.

p i e rc i n g
p ai n s in v ar io u s p art s o f t h e b o dy , cal l ed M yrrh C f V I . . .

1 27 l . .
4 56 r aw straws or ( z oo:

4 T he m al ady t hat m ak e s o ne deaf, th e m al ad y th at

m ak es o n e b li n d ,
A ll m al ad y t hat w ri ngs th y bro w w e charm aw ay w i th
t h i s o u r sp e ll .

5 T h e th ro bbi ng p ai n i n al l th y l i m bs t h at r e n ds t h y
fram e w i t h fe ve r t h roe s -
,

A l l m alady t h at w r i n gs th y bro w w e ch ar m aw ay w i t h
t h i s o u r sp e ll .

6 T h e m al ady w h o se aw fu l l oo k m ak es a m an q u i ver
w i th al ar m ,

F e ve r w h o m e v e ry A u tu m n bri n gs w e c har m aw ay
w i t h t h i s o u r sp e ll .

7 D i se ase t h at cre e p s ab o u t t h e t h i g hs and afte r , ,

r e ach es bo t h t h e ro i n s
g ,

C o n su m p t i o n fr o m t h i n e i n w ard p arts w e char m aw ay

w i t h t h i s o u r sp e ll .

8 I f t h e d i sease o r ig i n at e s fr o m l o v e fro m h atred fro m , ,

t h e h e ar t ,
F o r t h fro m t h e h e ar t an d fro m t h e l i m bs w e ch arm
t h e w ast i n g m al ady .

9 T h e y e ll o w J au n d ic e fro m t h y li m b s, an d C o li c fro m
t h e p ar ts w i t h i n ,
A n d P h t h i si s fro m t h i n e i n w ard so u l w e c h ar m aw ay
w i t h t h i s o u r sp e ll .

L e t w ast i ng m al ady t u r n t o d u st , beco m e t he w at er

o f d i sease .

I h av e e v o k e d t h e p o i so n tai nt o f -
al l C o n su m p t i o n s
o u t o f t he e .

4 Deaf : p r am dtam , e xp l ai n ed i n t h e St Pete rsb u rg Di ct io nary as

.

j
a ce r tai n disease, m u st b e an ad ec t i ve l ik e an dlcd m , b l in d, an d m ean s
ee Z im m er s n o te, A l t i n disch es Le b e n ,
’
ro b ab l y e it h er deaf, o r du m b S
p .

p . 3 7 8 .

6 Whom ever y A u tu m n br i ng : m al arial

fe ver b egins to b e p re va
l e n t at t h e co m m en cem en t o f t h e R ain s, an d freq u en t l y b eco m es
e p idem ic w h e n t h e R ain s are o ver an d t h e A u t u m n su n b e g ins t o d r
y
u p t he de p o si ts l e ft by t he sw o l l en rivers, t ank s, an d in un dat io n
, ,

Of n o te o n I 25 1
. . . .
4 53 THE su ms or [ BOOK 11 .

O f p i er c i n g p ain , of b
a sc esse s, r heu m at c i ach e ,
o
p h t h al m i a
I h av e e v o k ed th e p o i so n t ai n t -
o f al l C o n su m p t i o n s
o u t o f t h ee .

I h av e d i sp e ll e d t h e p i e rc i ng p ai ns fr o m fe e t , k n e e s,
h i p s, an d h i n d e r p ar t s,
A n d sp i n e , an d fro m t h e n e c k an d n ap e t h e m al ady
t h at r ack e d t h e h e ad .

So u nd ar e ll b o n es o f t h y head an d t hy
th e sk u -

h ear t s
’
b eat is
r e u l ar
g .

T h o u S u n ar isi n g w i t h t hy beam s h ast ch ase d aw ay

, ,

t h e h e ad s d i se ase hast st i ll ed t h e p ai n t h at r ac k e d
’

t h e li m bs .

HY M N IX .

T m : se co n d b ro th e r o f t hi s l o v e ly H o tar h o ary w i th ,

e l d is t h e v o r ac i o u s Li h t n i n
, g g .

T h e t h i rd is h e w h o se b ac k is b al m ed w i th bu t t er .

H e r e h av e I se e n t h e K i n g w i t h se v e n m al e
c hil d re n .

20 Op hthal m i a al aj i m o re p recisel y , d isease o f t h e e ye at t en ded

w it h t h e app earan ce o f sm al l red p im p l es at t h e j un ct u re o f t h e corn ea
an d scl ero t ica See W ise , H in d u Sy st em o f M ed ic in e, p 296
. . .

22 H o st chased aw ay the head cf S firya,

’
s d isease .
‘
re m o ve m
y
h eart s d isease ( R ig veda I 50
’ ’
. .

T h e h ym n h as b ee n t ran sl at e d b y i m m er, A l ti n d isch es Z Le b en, p .

37 8, w h ose w o rk m ay b e co n su l t ed fo r f u rt h er in fo rm at io n r egard in g

t h e pai n s an d d iseases m en t io n ed i n t h e te xt .

T h e h y m n, w h ich is tak en w it h v ariat io n s an d t ran sp o si t i o n s, fro m

st an zas l — 22 o f R igv eda I 1 64 — o n e o f t h e m o st ahst r u se an d d ith
.

c u l t o f t h at Co l l ect io n — co n sist s m ain l y o f q u est io n s an d e n ig m at ical

e n u n c iat io n s o f doct ri n e o n m yst ico t h eo l og i cal an d co sm o go n ical
-

j
su h ec t s .

1 T h is l ovel y H o tar o r g rac io u s an d b e n ig n Pr iest, is A gn i in h is

ce l est ial fo rm as t h e S un L ig h tm ng t h e seco n dary fo rm o f A gn i

. .

T h e te xt h as dgu ah, vo rac io u s, t hat is, dest ru ct i ve, w it h o u t a su b stan

t i ve e xp ressed T he th i r d
. b ro t h er, o r fo rm , o f A g n i is t h e Gfirhap a
t ya o r sac red fi re m ai n tain ed b y each h o u seh o lde r an d fed w it h
o b l at io n s o f cl ari fi e d b u t t e r T he Ki ng w i th se ven m al e ch il d r en
.

A g n i o r Sacrifi cial Fire w it h t h e at ten dan t p riests .

H YM N f ar A T H A R VA VE DA -
. 4 59

2 T he se v e n m ak e the one w -
h ee l e d ch ar o t i r e ad y
be ar i n g se v e n n am e s d raw s it the i
s ng e l Co u rse r .

T h e w h ee l , t h re e n ave d , is so u n d an d u n de cayi n g
-

t h e r e o n t h e se w o rl ds o f li fe are al l d e p e n d e n t .

3 T h e se v e n w h o o n t h i s se v en w h e e l e d car are m o u n t ed -

h ave h o rse s, se v e n i n tal e , w h o d raw th e m o n w ard .

S e v e n si ste r s u t t e r so n g s o f p rai se t o g e t h e r , in w ho m
t h e C o w s se v e n n am e s ar e h e l d an d t r e asu r e d
’
.

4 W ho h at h b e h e l d at bi r t h t h e P ri m al B e i n g , w h en
S h e w h o h at h n o b o n e su p p o r t s t h e b o n y ?
W h e re is th e bl o o d o f e ar t h, t h e li fe , t h e sp i ri t ?
W h o m ay ap p r o ach t h e m an w h o k n o w s, t o ask i t ?
2 T he Seven p r i est s, acco rd i n g to Pro f . Grassm an n . Perh aps t h e
M aru ts ar e m ean t , w ho app ear in Rg
i ve da I 6 l t o b e
. t h e harn es s
.ers

of t h e b rig h t red st e ed th e Su n . I n R ig veda V II I 28 5, ‘

T he . .

Sev en
’
are t h e M aru t s, ge n eral l y re p r ese n t ed as se ve n t im es n in e in
nu m b er . T h e o n e w heel ed ch ar io t
-
t h e Su n . Seven n am es p e rh ap s

t h e se v en rays o f A gn i or t h e Su n . T h r ee -
n aved w it h refe re n ce,

p r o b ab l y, t o t h e t h ree seaso n s, t h e h o t w eat h er, t h e rain s, an d t h e co l d

w eat h e r ; o r t o m o rn in g, n oo n , an d e v en in g . On t h is w h ee l of t he
Su n al l l i vin g c r eat u res de p e n d .

3 T he seven : acco r din g t o Sfiyan a, t he se ve n so l ar rays, o r th e

se v e n d ivisio n s of t he y ear, so l st ice , fo rt n ig h t , d ay,
seaso n , m o n t h ,

n ig h t , hou r . T he se ven w h ee l s o f t he ch ar io t, an d t h e se v e n h o rses

m ay al so , acco rd in g t o S fiyana, b e so l ar r ays A cco rd in g to Dr H an g,
. .

th e seven - wh eeled car is t h e Jy o t ish to m a sac ri fi ce w it h it s se v e n di v i

si o n s, an d Pro f Lu d w ig t h in k s t h at t h e
. si x p ai rs o f m o n t h s an d t h e

i n t ercal ary m on t h are m e an t Seven si ster s ro b ab l y t he se v en

.
p
cel est ial ri ve rs, co u n te rp arts o f t h e Se v e n R iv ers of eart h . T h ese, as
em b l em s of fe rt il it y , m ay be said to b ear th e n am es o f th e seven co ws,

t h at is, each m ay be cal l ed a co w , sy m b o l izi n g t h e ab u n d an ce w h i ch

t h ey p ro d u ce o n eart h Say ana e xp l ain s the se ven si ster s as th e so l ar

ra s, o r
y th e si x seaso n s an d t h e y ear , o r t h e six p airs o f m o n t h s w it h
t h e i n t ercal ary m on t h ,
an d t h e seven cow s as t h e se v en n o t es o f m u sic

as em l
p yo ed i n ch an t i n g t he p raises o f t h e Su n .

4 She w ho hat h bo ne : t h e b o n e l ess fem al e is p ro b ab l y Prak rit i o r

no

N at u re, th e o ri gi n al so u rce o f t h e b o n y o r su b st an t ial o n e , t hat is, t h e

m at erial an d v isib l e w o r l d . Or Eart h an d M an m ay b e in t e n ded .

4 60 r s s s n are or [ s o o r 1 x .

5 L o t h i m w h o k n o w e th p re se n t ly de cl are it , t h i s l o ve ly
B i rd s se cu re ly fo u n de d stat i o n
’
-
.

F o r th fro m h is h e ad t he Co w s dr aw m il k , an d w ear
i n g h is v est u r e w i t h t h e i r fo o t h av e dr u n k t h e
w at e r .

6 U n ri p ei n m i n d , in sp i ri t u n d iscern i n g , I ask o f th e se
t h e G od s establi sh e d p lace s
’
.

H i gh u p abo v e t he y earli n g C alf t h e sages, t o fo r m

a w e b , t h e i r o w n se v e n t h read s h av e w o v e n .

7 H e re , i gn o ran t I ,
ask t h e w is e w h o k n o w it , as one

k n o w s n o t , fo r
w ho t h e sak e o f k n o w l e dg e ,
W h at is Th at O n e , w h o i n t h e U n bo rn e i m ag e h at h
’

st abli sh e d an d fi x e d fi r m t h i s w o r l d s si x r e i o ns
’

g .

8 T h e M o th e r gav e t h e S i re h is sh ar e o f O r de r W i t h .

t h o u g ht at fi rst sh e w e dde d hi m i n sp i r i t .

S h e , co yly l o t h , w as fill e d w i t h d e w p ro lifi c W i th .

ad o rat i o n m e n ap p r o ac h e d t o p r ai se h e r .

5 T hi s l ove Bi r d s secur el y-f ou nd ed stati on t h e p l ace o f t h e S u n ,

’

m d h o w he stan ds in h e av en se c u r e al t h o u gh app aren t l y u n su p po rt ed .

T he C o w s : t h e ray s o f t h e S u n w h ich d raw l igh t an d v i v i fyin g p o w e r

fro m h is h ead o r cro w n , an d reab so rb fro m eart h t h e w ate r w h ic h t h ey
se n d do w n i n rai n .

6 T he year l i ng C alf : p rob ab l y t h e Sun , in referen ce to h is yearl y

co u rse . W h at t h e seven thr ead s are is un ce rt ain Si yana says t h ey .
‘

are t he se v en fo rm s o r di v isio ns o f a So m a sacri fi ce ( t h e Jyo t i sh to m a),

or t h e se ve n m et r es o f t h e V e d a Pro f Lu d w ig t h in k s t h at t h e g en e ral
. .

m ean i n g of t h e st an za is I ( t h e p oe t ) co n t en t m y se l f w it h ask i n g i n
fo rm at io n regard in g t h e p l aces o r t races o f t h e Go d s in o u r w o rl d
b u t t h e sag es t al k ab o u t m att e rs w h ich are b eyo n d m y p o w e r o f co m
pr e h e n sio n A cco
. r d in g t o P r o f G ra ss m an n , th e.say es h e re are t h e w i se
Go ds, an d t h e seven thr eads are t h e se ven year sacrifi ces o f a sacrifi cial -

cy cl e .

7 I n the Un bom s i m age : i n th e fo rm o f t h e Su n , t h e m ain t y pe

’

an d age n t o f g e n e rat io n , w h o as b e i n g th e fi rst o f cr eat ed t h in gs is

re resen te d as A j a t h e Un b o rn , t h e C re ato r C f H ( g ),
A i l i k h
‘
p e n .e t e .

Un b o rn h o l ds t h e b ro ad eart h u p , an d w it h effect iv e u t te ran ce fi xed

t h e sk y ( B igv ed a I 67 . .

8 T h e M o ther : Eart h T he Si r e : H eaven

. Of Or der : t hat is, .

in t h e great wo rk o f cosm i cal p ro du ct io n o r creat ion Dew p rol ific .

in t h e shap e o f fertil izin g rain .

4 62 re s 3 m m or [ BOOK 11 .

F o rm ed w th t w e
i l ve sp o k e s, to o st ro n g fo r age to
w e ak e n . this w heel of du r i ng O r de r ro ll s ro u n d
h e av e n .

H i
e r e n e stabli sh e d j o i n e d in p ai rs t o g e t h e r se v e n
, ,

h u n d r e d so n s an d t w e n ty stan d 0 A g n i ,
.

T h e w h e e l re v o l ves u n w ast i n g w i t h i ts fe lly t e n

, ,

d ra w i t y o k e d t o t h e far st r e tc h i n g c ar p o l e
,
- -
.

Gi r t by t h e r egio n m o v es t h e e ye o f S dry a o n w h o m ,

d e p e n de n t r e st al l li v i n g c reat u re s .

T he y t o l d m e t h e se w e re m al es t h o u g h tru ly fe m al e s , .

H e w h o h at h e y e s se e s t h i s t h e bli n d di sce r n s n o t , .

T h e so n w h o is a sag e h at h c o m p r e h e n de d w h o
k n o w s t h i s r i g h t ly is h is fat h e r s fat h e r
’
.

O f t h e c c bo r n t h e y call t h e se v e n t h si n gl e bo r n
- -

t h e six t w i n p ai rs are call e d t h e R i s hi s so n s o f ,

G o ds .

T h e i r go o d g i fts so u g h t o f m e n are r an ge d i n o rde r

d u e an d vari o u s, fo r m by fo r m , m o v e fo r t h e i r
, ,

g u i d i n
g L o r d .

1 4 T en p ro b ab l y t h e t e n reg io n s o f sp ace , t he fo u r card in al an d

t h e fo u r in t erm e diat e p o i n ts, w i t h th e zen i t h an d t he n ad i r. T he r egi on :

m id-air, t h e fi rm am en t b et w een h eaven an d eart h .

1 5 T hey to ld m e these w er e m al es Pro f . Wil so n o b ser ves : T h is is

a p i ece o f g ram m at ical m y st ici sm r agm i, a ray o f t h e su n , h ere per
so n ifi ed as a fem al e, is p ro p erl y a n o u n m ascu l in e .
’
Bu t t h is is u st j
t he re v erse o f t h e exp l an at io n t h at is re q u i red. Pro f Grassnm . n n su g

g est s t h at t he m ean in g m ay b e t h at N igh t an d M o rn i n g, b o t h fem i

n i n e, have rece i ved t h e n am e o f Day . T he so n w ho i s a sage an in
t e l l ig en t so n m ay be cal l ed t h e p ar en t o f an ign o ran t fat h er as b ein g
h is su p e r io r in k n o w l edge .

1 6 T he co -bo rn the si x p ai rs of m o n t h s, or six seaso ns o f t wo

m on t hs each . T he i
s ng l e bo rn
~
is t h e t hirte en t h and in t e rcal ary
m o n t h of t h e l u n i-so l ar year : t h e m o o n o f l ater b irt h (B d I
’
igv e a .

25 . T he Rishi s acco rd in g t o Si yana, rishayah h ere m ean s gan

tdr ah, go e rs, b u t in w hat se n se is u n ce rt ain . Gu idi ng Lor d th eir

co n troll er, t h e Sun .
H YM N T H E A T H A R V A VE DA -
. 4 03

B e n e ath th e u p e r re al m ab o v e t h is l o w e r , b ear i n g ,

h e r C al f at n o t, t h e C o w h at h r i se n .

W h it h e r w ard, t o w h at p lace h at h she de part ed

W h e re d o t h sh e cal v e ? N o t i n t h i s h e rd o f cat tl e .

W ho , t h at t h e fat h e r of this
C al f d i sce rn e th be n e at h
t h e u p p e r r e al m abo v e t h e l o w e r , ,

S h o w i ng h i m se l f a sag e m ay h e re d e c l are h i m ? ,

W h e n c e h at h t h e go dli k e sp i r i t h ad it s r i si n g
-

Th o se t hat c o m e h i t h e r w ar d th ey call d ep art i ng ,

t h o se t h at de p art t h e y call d i r e c t e d h i th e r .

W h at e v er ye h av e m ade I n dra an d So m a ! st eeds ,

d raw as t w e r e y o k e d t o t h e r eg i o n s car p o l e
’ ’
-
, , .

T w o B i rds w i t h fai r w i n g s k n i t w i t h bo n ds o f fri e n d ,

shi
p i n t,h e sa m e sh e l t e ri n
g t r e e h av e fo u n d a

r e fu g e .

On e F ig t r e e
’
of t h e t w ai n e ats th e sw e e t -
s b erry
t he o t h e r , e at n
g g i
n o t , re ard e t h o n ly .

T h e t re e h e re o n t h e fi n e B i r ds eat t h e sw e e t n e ss,
w
w h e re t h e y al l r e st an d p r o c r e at e t h e i r o ffsp r i n g
U p o n t h e t o p t h e y say , t h e fru i t is l u sc i o u s : n o n e
,

a i n e t h i t w h o k n o w e t h n o t t h e F at h er
g .

1 7 Ushas or Daw n has risen b e t w een h eav en an d ear t h , carry in g

w it h h e r t h e yo u n g S u n h er o ffsp rin g Wher e doth she cal ve . Wh ere

d o es sh e b ri n g fo rt h t h e Su n ? T hi s her d of cattl e t h e v isi b l e w o rl d

w h erein w e l ive .

1 8 Ush as is t h e m o t h er, b u t who can say w h o th e fath er of th e

S u n is ? T he god l i ke sp i r i t t h e Su n .

1 9 T h is st an za re fers to t h e p l an et s w h ich ch an ge t h e ir rel at iv e

p o si t io n as t h ey re vo l ve . I n dra i s h e re t h e Su n , an d So m a t h e M o o n .

20 T w o B i r ds wi th f ai r w i ngs acco rdi n g to Si yana, t h e v it al an d

t h e Su p re m e Sp i rit d w el l i n g i n o n e b o dy T he vi tal sp iri t en oys t h e . j

fru it or rew ard o f act io n s w hi l e t he Su p rem e Sp iri t is m erel y a p assi ve
sp ectat o r .

21 In t h is st an za t h e fi ne Bi r ds are pe rh ap s th e Fat h ers or Sp i r it s

of the Depar t ed w h o en oy j in h eaven t h e re w ard of t h eir act ion s o n
earth . P rom o te thei r f
o s
p r i ng : see 131n X 64 1 4,
. . w h ere t h e
 “

r e s H YM N S or [ B OOK 1 3 .

W h ere t h e fi n e bi rds hym n c ease l e ssl y th eir p o r tio n

’

o f li fe e t er n al an d t h e sac r e d sy n o d s
, .

T h e re is t he U n i ve r se s Gu ard an d K e e p er w h o w i se
’

h at h e n te r ed i n to m e th e si m p l e
'

HYMN X .

H o w o n t h e Ga yat ri t h e Gayatri w as b ase d h o w

fro m th e T r ish tu p t hey fash i o n ed t h e T r ishtu p fo rt h
H o w o n t h e J a ati w as base d t h e J a at i — t h e y w ho
g g
k n o w t h i s h ave w o n t h e m se l v e s i m m o rt al li fe .

F at h ers are re p resen t ed as t h e cau se o f t h e f ru it fu l n ess o f t h e m o t h ers,

H eav en an d Eart h , w h o g i ve b ir t h t o Go ds an d m e n N o n e g a i n e th i t :
.

j
t his e n o y m e n t i n h eav e n is n o t o b t ain ed b y m erito rio us act ion s o n l y,
b u t k no w l e dge o f th e Fat her, t h e g reat Prim al C ause o f b e in g, is al so
Sfiyana exp l ain s m p ar n d h, h av in g b eau t i fu l w in g s,
‘ ’
n ece ssary .
‘
fi ne
b ird s, i n t h is an d t h e fo l l o w in g stan za as sm o o t h g l i d in g
’
-

T hei r of sp r in g is, h e says, t h e l igh t , an d the F ather is t h e ch e ri sh i n g

an d p ro t ect in g S u n Pro f L u d w ig t h i n k s t h at stan zas 23— 22 are
. .

o rigi n al l y u n co n n e ct e d frag m e n ts in se rted to ge t h e r i n t h is hym n

m e re l y b ecau se t h e w o rd sup ar nd h ( u sed, ap p are n t l y , in var io us se n se s)
’

S up e r n d h has b een e x pl ai n ed
'
h as a p ro m i n en t p l ace in each ve rse .

b y vario us sch o l ars as t w o sp e cies o f so u l s ; ray s o f l igh t ; m et re s ;

S p irit s o f t he Dead p ri es t s D a y a n d N ig h t a n d t h e t ree o n w h ich

t h ey rest is t h e b o dy t h e o rb o r re g io n o f t h e S u n t h e Sacri fi cial

P ost ; t h e w o rl d t he m y t h ical Wo r l d T ree A ge n e ral l y sat isfacto ry
-
.

exp l anat io n o f t he t h ree stan zas i s hardl y t o b e h o p ed fo r .

22 T he fi ne bi r ds h ere are p erhap s t h e p riest s, an d the Un i ver se s

’

Gu ar d an d Kesp er m ay b e t h e d eifi ed So m a, t he in sp ire r o f t h e p oe t .

T h e hym n , w h ich is a co n t in u at io n o f H y m n I X is tak e n, w it h

variat io n s, t ran sp o sit io n s, o m issio ns, an d addit io ns, fro m R igv eda I .

.
—
1 64 23 4 7 .

1 Pro f W il so n , fol l o w i n g Sfiyana, p arap h rases t h is stan ce as fo l l o w s

.

T hey w h o k n o w t h e stat io n o f A gn i u p o n t h e ear th ; t he stat io n o f

ri cat ed fro m t he fi rm am e n t , and t hat st at io n o f t h e
d a t h at w as fa b
S un w h ich is p l aced in h eaven , o b t ain i m m o rtal ity H e o b serves t hat
’
.

t h e p u rp o rt o f t h e p h raseo l ogy, b o rro w e d f ro m t h e se v eral m et res

t at ri, T r ish tu bh , an d agJat i , i s n o t v e ry cl ea r, a n d t ha t it m a y b e

m e rel y an o b scu re an d m yst ic re fere n ce t o t he t e xt o f t h e V ed a, a

kn ow l edge of w h ich is essen t ial t o fi n al fel ici t y T h e m ean i ng see m s t o
.

b e t hat t h ose w h o are t h ro gh l y acq a

o u u i n wd w it h t h e a pp p
ro ri at e r e~

w ards t h at fo l l o w t h e d u e e m p l o y m en t o f each o f t h e sa c m d m e tr es

n am ed are o n t h e rig h t road t o im m o rtal l ife an d hap p iness in heaven.

 T H E 11 YM N S OF B O OK I X
'
4 66
’
.

6 T h e C o w h at h l o w e d aft e r h e r bli n k i n g y o u n g li n g
she l ic k s h is fo r e h e ad as sh e l o w s, t o fo r m i t .

H is m o u t h sh e fo n d ly c al l s t o h e r w ar m u dd e r , an d
su c k l e s h i m w i t h m il k w h il e n t ly l o w i n
g e
g .

7 H l
e a so s n o rt s . by w ho m e n co m
p asse d ro u n d t h e C ow
l o w s as she c l o se ly cl in gs t o h i m w h o sh e ds th e rai n .

S h e w i th h e r s h r il l i n g c ri e s hat h h u m b l e d m o rt al
m e n an d t u r n e d t o li h t n i n ha t h st r i e d o ff h er
, g , g pp ,

co ve ri n b
g r o e .

8 T h at w h i c h h at h br e at h an d li fe an d sp e e d an d m o
t i o n li e s fi r m l y stab l i she d i n t h e m idst o f h o u se s .

T h e li v i n g m o ve s by p o w e r s o f t he de p arte d : t h e
i m m o r tal is t he b ro t h e r o f t h e m o rt al .

9 T h e o l d h at h w ak e d t he y o u n g M o o n fro m h is sl u m
b e r w h o r u n s h is c i r c l i n g co u r se w i t h m an y r o u n d
,

h im .

B e h o l d t h e G o d s h i g h w i sdo m i n i t s gr e at n e ss : h e
’

w h o d ie d y e ste r d ay t o d ay is li v i n g -
.

H e w h o h at h m ad e h i m d o t h n o t c o m p r e h e n d h im
fro m h i m w h o saw h i m su re ly b e is h idde n .

j
7 H e p ro b ab l y Par an ya, t h e G0 1 o f t h e rain c l o u d T he C o w
-
.

t h e cl o u d T o f o r m i t o r , i n o rde r t o l o w sic b r ii l t ih r Ge h rii l l

’
. .

Grassm an n Sh r i l l i ng cr i es t h e w h izzi n g so u n d su p p osed to b e m ade

.

b y l i g h t n in g .

j
8 T h e su b e ct o f t h e fi rst l in e is ap p are n t l y A gn i By p o w er : . o r,

af t e r t h e m an n e r B r o ther of. o r , sh ar e r o f o n e d w e l l in g w it h L iv .

i n g m an fo l l o ws t h e st e ps o f, o r is su p p o rt ed b y t h o se w h o h av e go n e
b e fo re , an d fi n al ly en j o y s a h o m e w it h t h e m i n h eav en P ro f Wi l so n, . .

fo l l o w in g S i y ana, t r an sl at e s t h e se co n d l i n e diff e ren t l y t h e l if e o f

t h e m o rt al b o dy, co g n at e w it h t h e m o rt al f ram e, e n d u res im m o rt al ,
su stain ed ) b y ( o b seq u ial ) o fi e ri n gs T h
’
e st an za i s v e r o b scu re
'

( .
y .

9 T h is st an za is tak en fro m R ig v ed a X
55 5 Sfiy ana earp l ains it
. . .

d iffe re n t l y , m ak i n g I n d ra, id e n t ifi ed w i t h T im e, t he su b e ct I fo l l o w j .

P ro f L u d w ig s in te rp re tat io n W t h is sim p l e r and m o re rat io n al

’
. .

M an y r o u n d h i m stars o f t h e aste r ism s t h ro ug h w h ich t h e M oo n

p asses .

1 0 Ligh t n ing , regarded as t h e im m ediat e cause o f rain , ap pears t o

h e t h e su b j ect o f t h e stan za H e sp ri n gs fro m t h e b o so m o f h is
.

m o t h e r, t h e cl o u d, w i t h h is co u n t l ess o ffsp ri n g in t h e shap e o f fe rt il iz

in g rain dro p s, ap p ears fo r a m o m en t an d t hen is l ost to sig h t

-
.
H YM N T H E A T H A R V A VE DA . 4 67

H l d i n h is m o t h e r s b o so m of
’
e, e t en ve o
y p e , so u r c e
m u ch li fe ,
h at h su n k i n t o de st r u c t i o n .

I saw t he h im w h o n e v er st u m bl e s,
H e rdsm an ,

ap p r o ac h i n by h i a t h w a y an d d e art i n
g s
p s
p g .

H e cl o t h e d w i t h g at h e r e d an d d iffu si v e sp l e n do u rs,
,

w i t hi n t h e w o r l d s c o n t i n u ally t rav e l s .

Dy au s is fat h e r , o u r be g e t t e r : k in sh ip i s h e r e
our .

T h i s g re at E ar t h is o u r k i n an d m o t h e r .

B e t w e e n t h e w i de sp re ad w o r l d hal v e s is t h e bi r t h
- -

l e T h e F at h e r l ai d t h e D au h te r s i i i
’

p ac .
g g e r m w t h n t .

I hid t h e e te ll m e e ar t h s e x t r e m e st li m i t , ab o u t t h e
’

S t al l i o n s g e n i al fl o w I ask t h e e ;
’

I ask ab o u t t h e u n i v e rse s c e n t r e an d t o u c h i n g
’

h i g h e st h e av e n w he re S p e e c h ab i d e t h .

T h e e art h s m o st d i st an t l im i t is t h i s al tar : t h i s
’

S o m a i s t h e S t al l i o n s g e n i al h u m o u r
’
.

T h i s sac ri fi c e t h e u n i v e rse s c e n t re : t h i s B rah m an ’

h i g h e st h e av e n w h e r e Sp e e c h abi d e t h .

W hat t h i n g I t r u ly am I k n o w n o t c l e arly : m y ste

fe t t e r e d i n m
r io u s, m i n d I w an de r
y .

W h e n t h e fi rst b o r n o f h o l y L a w -
ap p r o ac h e d m e,
t h e n o f t h i s S p e e c h I fi rst o b t ai n a p ort o n i .

1 1 T he H er dsm an t h e Su n w h o su r veys an d g u ard s t h e w o rl d .

1 2 Dyau s H eav e n . Wor l d -

hal ves l i t e ral l y t w o b o w l s or v esse l s

i n to w hi ch t h e So m j i s p o u red , o r t h e u p p er an d t h e l o w er b oard
a u ice

of t h e So m a p ress, an d fi g u rat iv e l y an e xp ressio n fo r h eav e n an d eart h .

T h e fi rm am e n t o r sp ace b e t w een t h ese t w o i s, as t h e r eg io n o f t h e rai n ,

the w om b o f al l b e in gs T h e Fat her is Dyau s, an d t h e Dau g h te r is

.

Eart h w h ose fe rt il i t y d ep en ds u p o n t h e ger m o f rain l aid i n t h e fi rm a

m en t .

1 4 T h is al t ar as t h e p l ac e n earest t o h eaven , t h e p l ace w h ere God s

v isit m en So m a re gard ed as t he ri n cip l e o f l i fe an d fe rt il it y T h e
. : p .

S tal l i o n is Dyau s o r F at h e r H e av e n w h o i m p reg n ates t h e cl o u ds an d

E art h Sp eech i fi d as t h e G o dd ess V i k
.
p e rs o n e .

1 5 T he fi r st bo r n of ho l y L aw acco rd in g t o Si yana, th e fi rst bo rn

- -

r ce p t io n s) o f t h e t ru t h
(p e .
4 68,
T H E H YM N S or [ 8 0 0 K a .

B ack , fo r w ar d g o e s h e , g r as
p d e by .
p ow er i n h er e n t ,

im l bo r n t h e b r o t h e r o f t h e m o rt al
m o r ta .

C e ase l e ss t he y m o v e i n o p p o si t e di re c t i o n s : m e n
m ar k t h e o n e an d fail t o m ar k t h e o t h e r .

Se v e n g e r m s u n r i p e n e d y e t ar e H e ave n s p ro l ifi c
’

se e d : t h e i r f u n c t io n s t h e y m ai n t ai n by V is h nu s
’

i
o r d n an c e .

E n du e d w i t h i ll ige n ce an d t h o ug ht
w sd o m t h r o u h n t e
g i ,

r e se n t o n e v e ry si d e t he y c o m ass u s abo u t
p p .

U p o n w h at syll ab l e o f ho ly p rai se h y m n as t w e re -
,
’

t h e i r hig h e st h e av e n t h e G o ds r e p o se t h e m
,

W h o k n o w s n o t t h is w h at w i l l h e do w it h p rai se
,
.

h y m n B u t t h e y w h o k n o w it w e ll sit he re asse m b l e d
? .

T h ey o r de ri n g t h e v e rse s fo o t b y m e asu re w i t h t h e
,
’

h al f v e r se arran ge d e ac h t h i n g t h at m o v e t h
-
.

P ray e r w as d iff u se d i n m an y fo r m s t h re e fo o te d -

t h e re by t h e w o r l d s fo u r r e gi o n s h av e t he i r b e i n g
’
.

F o rt u n at e m ay st t h o u b e w i t h go o dly p ast u re an d ,

m ay w e al so b e e x c e e di n g w e al t h y .

F e e d o n t h e g rass 0 C o w t h r o u h al l t h e seaso n s
, ,
g
,

an d c o m i n g h i t h e r w ard dr i n k li m p i d w at e r .

1 6 T h is st an za ap pe ars to re fer to t h e Su n in h is dai l y co u rse fro m

east to w e st an d h i s n igh t l y re t u rn to t h e east , t h e fo rm er v isib l e t o
m e n an d t h e l at t e r in v isi b l e T h ey , i n t h is case , w o u l d m
. ean t h e S un

b y day an d t h e i n visib l e S u n at n ig h t .

1 7 T h is st anza, as P ro f Lu d w ig rem ar k s, is o n e of t h e m ost u n in

.

t el l igi b l e in t he w h o l e V eda T he seven , accord i n g to S i y ana, are th e

.

so l ar ray s, an d V i sh nu is sai d to b e t h e Su n. .

1 8 T h e syl l abl e is p ro b ab l y t he Pr e p are , t he m ysti cal canned; .

s l l ab l e OM T h is syl l ab l e is se t fo r t h i n t h e Upan ish ads as t he

.

o j
ce t o f p ro fo u n d r el ig io us m ed i tat io n , an d t h e h igh est sp iri t u al ,

efi cacy is at t r ib u t ed t o i t .

1 9 T hey t h e bh d ta k ri tas o r cre at iv e R ish i s See I I I 28 l T hr ee

. . . .

d h G fi ri m e t re o f h i d o r di v isio n s
f o o t ed : e x p re s se in t e y at t r ee p as .

H a ve th e i r bei n g : t h e w h o l e w o rl d i s su p po rt ed an d k e p t al iv e b y
ray e r T h i s stan za is n o t tak e n f ro m t h e R ig veda
p . .

20 A dd ressed to t h e co w w ho su pp l ies m il k fb r t h e l i bat io n s, w hen

sh e is l e t l o o se .
4 70 T H E A T II A B I A I E DA [ 1ro c a 1 1
r
’ ’
-
.
.

H e is t h e L o rd I m p e r i al o f t h e S fidhyas H e ru l e s .

w h at i s an d w h at sh all b e h e r e aft e r M a h e m ak e
y .

m e l o r d o f w hat is an d sh all b e .

I saw fr o m far aw a y th e
fu e l w i th sp i res sm o k e of

t h at ro se o n h i g h o e r t h at be n e at h i t
’
.

T he h e r o e s co o k e d an d d r e sse d t h e sp o t te d b u ll o ck .

Th e se w e re t h e c u st o m s i n t h e day s afo re t i m e .

Th r e e w th i l o ng t r e sse s sh o w in o r de r e d se aso n . O ne
of t he m sh e ar e th when the y e ar is en de d .

O ne w i th
h is p o w e r s t h e r e g ard e t h Of u n i ve r se .

o n e t he sw e e i s se e n , b u t n o t t h e fi u r e
p g .

S p e e ch h at h b e e n m e asu r e d o u t i n fo u r d i v isi o n s
t h e B ra h m an s w h o h av e w i sdo m c o m p reh e n d t h e m .

T h re e , k e p t i n c l o se c o n ce al m e n t cau se n o m o t i o n ,
.

O f S p e e c h m e n sp e ak t h e fo u rt h d i v i si o n o n ly .

T he y ca I n d ra M i tra V ar u na A g n i an d h e
ll h im , , ,

is h eav e n ly n o bly w i n g e d G ar u t m fin -
.

T hat w h i c h is O n e bard s c al l by m an y a t i tl e t h ey
c all I t A n i Y am a M a t a i v an
g r,
s , .

25 T he sm o ke o f f u el arisin g fr o m b u rn in g co w d u n g T h e her o es -
.

t h e Go ds T h is is, p erh aps, a fi gu rat ive descri p t io n o f th e gat h e r in g

.

o f t h e rain cl o u ds
-
.

26 T h e t h ree are A g n i w h o b u rn s t h veg e tat io n , the al l s ee in g

u
p e
Sn 1, an d V ay u t h e i n v isib l e w i n d .

27 T h r ee m ig h t , ap p aren t l , m ean t h e t h ree V e das b u t t hese can

y
n o t b e said t o b e Ice t i n cl o se co n cea l m en t T h h d i i i d i
p e f o u r t v s o n o r .

l g ge See W i l so n s T ran sl at io n o f t h e R ig veda San h it xi fo r

‘
’
n ar a
y n u a .
-

Sfiyana s e l ab o rat e e x l an at io n o f t h e stan za as in te r re te d b y t h e

’

p p
sch o l ars o f h is t im e .

28 Gar u t m d n the ce l est ial

Bird t h e S u n A l l t h e se n am es, say s .

t h e po e t , are n am e s o f o n e an d t h e sam e Div in e Bein t h e O

g ,
n e
S u p re m e S p ir i t u n der var io u s m an ife stat io n s .

T he o rig i n al
R ig v eda h ym n co n tain s fi v e stan zas m o re A v ery fu l l .

co m m e n tary — to w h ic h I am in d e b t ed fo r m u c h val u ab l e assistan ce

w il l b e fo u n d in V 0 ] V o f Lu d w i s De r R ig ve da,
’
4 4 5— 4 5 7 T h e
.
g .
pp . .

h y m n has b e e n d iscu ssed al so b y Dr H an g , S it z b e r d er p h il o s p h il o l

. . . . .

C l asse der k b aye r A k ade m ie d e r Wiszcn sch afte n , b d I I hef t 3 1 8 7 5

. . . . .
 A PP E N D IC E S .

1 . L ui s vnnsro s or H r n s s A ND Sr w u s o n rrrnn m

rm : En s u es T R A NSLA T I O N .

II . I u n nx or H rn ss .

III . 13 0 3 1 or Nu n s, n o .
 4 74 u r ss m x .

B oo s V I . 72 .

1 Sicu t an g u s n ig e r ad v o l u n t at e m se e x t e n d it ,
i A su ra
ru m ar t e m a i c a
g fo r m as n o v as e ffi c ie n s, fasc i
sic
tu u m
num , p arte m cum
p ar te ,
j
co n u n c t u m , h ic
hy m n u s e ffi c m t .

2 V elu t
p e n s t
( ya ad ariu s) q u e m v e n t u s
p e r m ag n u m
fe c i t , q u an tu s est o n ag ri p e n i s, tan t u s p e n i s t u u s
i n cr escat .

3 Q u an t u m e st o n a
g r i m em b ru m m asc u l i n u m e l e p h an t i , ,

asin iqu e , q u an t u m e st fo r t i s e q u i t an t u s p e n i s t u u s
,

l n c re sc at .

B OO K V I . 1 01 .

l T au ru m ag e , p al p i ta i n cr e sc e e t t e i psu m e xt e n d e
,

tot um m e m b r u m i n c r e scat en is h o c t u cae de

p er
p
fe m i n am .

2 Q ue d e bil e m st i m u l an t , q u e ae g r u m e xc i t an t ( h o

m i n e s), h e c O B rah m an asp at i s, b uj n e p e n e m i n

,

arc u s m o d u m e x t e n de .

3 V l
e u t n e r vu m in ar c u e go tuum fasc i n am e x te n do .

A g g re d e r e m u li e r e m i n d e fe ssu s v e l u t
( ) se m
p er

ce r v u s dam am .

B oo s V I . 1 38 .

4 D o e s t u as v e n as, a B us fac t as, i n q u ib u s st at v i g o r

v r i ili s , p as i l l o lig n e o i n t e st ic u l is o b i st am m u l io
re m t i b i fi n do .

5 Ut m u l ie r e s m at t am t
( ge e t e m ) fac t u rae ar u n d i n e m
l ap i de fi n d u n t , s ic fasc in u m tuu m cu m t e st ic u l i s
o b i st am m u l ie re m fi n de .

‘‘

2 T ag/ «d am s t h e m e a n i n g o f t h e w o r d tdy rt d ar d m i n t h e te x t is

ér o sva tah ; t h e an i m al cal l ed Par asv fi n

'

n e t d isco v e rab l e On agn

.
p
j
i s p ro b ab l y , as co n e ct u red b y v o n R o t h , t h e w i l d ass o r On ag er fo u n d
on t e h b a n k s o f t h e In d u s, a n d i n fo rm e r t i m es e v e n i n S o u t h e r n In d i a .

T h e an im al is m e n t io n e d in Ifiig veda 86 1 8, an d again i n A t h arv a X . .

v ed a XX 1 31 22 . . .

2 H oe t h at is, b y v irt u e o f t h is ch arm , o r w it h t h is d r u g .

3 T he stan za is re p eat e d fro m I V . 4 7 . .

 A PP E N DIX . 4 75

B oos V II . 35 .

2 H ae t ibi su n t v e n ae at q u e art e r i ae h ar u m e m
quo t
n i u m o s t i b i l a i d e o cc l u si
p .

3 U t e r i t u i su m m a m p ar t e m i n fe re m fac i c : n e t ibi
so b o l e s n e q u e fi l i u s e v e n iat S te r il e m e t i n fe c u n .

dam t e fac i o l ap i de m t u u m o p e i i m e n t u m faci o .

B oos V I I . 90 .

3 Ut i
v r
g a ab e at e t fe m i n is i n n o c u a fi at ( v i rga) m e m ,

b ri h u m id i , m e m b r i q u e d v e r b e r at e n e t r at qu e , id
p
u e d t e n t am e s t l ax a, id q u e d su r su m t e n t u m e st
q
de e rsu m t e n de .

i n o ffen si v e C d n d vay d s l o se u l i b l
’
I n n o cua . e st p o u r se n s p o ss e ,

i n d iq u é p ar l esp ri t d u m e rceau , d ail l e u rs l a d eri v at io n p ar d va y d

’ ’
et

( P . W ).n
’
e x l
p qi u e p as l a l o n g n e . Je co n j e c t u re n u co m p o se, a co u p
sti r r éc c n t et t ree e xcep t io n e l ( m ai s au ssi estr e e n u 3111 1 2) fait su r
” ‘
il de ve re , of lo rem /i achetd i l acce n t u at ie n
’
é vciyal i r ap
p o r t (
im p o rt s p e n p o u r u ne fo r m at io n au ssi hy st éro gén e et ar b i t rair e ) .

L assim il at io n d a m
’
em b re v i r il a u ne b ét e féro ce q u i assai l l e l es fem
de t o u s l es t em p s e t de t o n s l e s l ie u x —M V icto r H e n ry,
’
m cs e st . .

w h ose v e rsio n o f t h e o b sc u re stan za I h ave u t in t o t h e Lat in ab o ve

p .
B oo k m nsx o r m u s s .

H YM N .

A ch arm again st w o rm s o r b et s in co w s

A ch arm again st C o n su m pt io n ( y aks/m m )

A p ray e r acco m p an y in g an an im al sacr i fi ce
Exp iat io n fo r an i m p e r fect l y p e r fo r m e d sac r ifi ce
A ch ar m t o se cur e a h usb an d fo r a m ar riag eab l e gi rl

BOO K I I I .

A p r ayer or ch ar m fo r t h e d efeat an d d est ru ct io n of

en e m ies i n b at t l e
A r c acci m en /o o r re ce n si o n o f
f l
A c h a rm fo r t h e r e st o rat io n o f an e x e l l ed
p Kin g
A b e n ed i ct io n at t h e e l e ct io n o f a Ki n g
A Kin g s add ress
’
to a n am u l e t w h ich is t o st re n g t h e n h is
au t h o rit y

A dd ress t o an am u l e t w h i ch is t o sec ur e t h e de feat of

’
t h e w ear e r s en em ie s
A charm w it h an am u le t of b u ck h o rn -
to d ri v e aw ay

h e red itary d isease

A ch ar m to se c u r e t he su b m issio n , l o v e, an d fi d el i t y of

k in sm en

m shk an d ha
( )
'

A ch ar m again st rh eu m at ism

A Ne w Year p rayer
A ch arm fo r t h e re co ve ry of a dan gero u sl y sick m an

A b e n ed ic t io n o n a n ew l y b u i l t h o u se
A b en ed ict io n on a n e w l y c u t w at er ch an n e l

A b en e dic t io n o n a cat t l e p en

A m e rchan t s fo r i n h is b u si n ess
’
ra
p y e r su ccess

A B ishi s m o r n in g
’
a
p y
r er

e r s so n g an d sp e ed t he p l o ug h
’
A far m p y
ra er to
A j eal o u s w ife s
’
in can tat io n again st a r i val

A g l o r ifi cat io n o f t h e o ffi ce o f a Ki n g s h o u seh o l d p riest

’
.

A p ray er fo r ri c h es an d g e n e ral p rosp e ri t y

I n h o n o u r o f fi re i n al l sh ape s, t o ap pease A gn i o f t h e
fu n e r al p il e an d t o q u e n c h t h e fl am es o f crem at io n .

T h e t am i n g an d t rai n i n g o f an el e p h an t fo r a Kin g to
r ide o n

ste r il it y , an d
’
A ch arm to r em o ve a w o m an s t o assu re
t h e b ir t h of b o ys
A so n g o f har vest
4 80 m en or su ms .
[ Bo ok I V .

H rsn .

’
25 A m an s l o ve- ch arm

26 A ch arm t o w i n t h e favo u r o f al l se rp e n t s

27 A charm co nsig n i ng an en em y t o t h e se rp e n ts fo r p u n ish

m en t

28 A charm t o chan ge t h e iII-o m en ed b irt h of t w in cal v es

in t o a b l essin g
29 On t h e m ean s t o o b t ain i m m unity fro m taxat io n i n th e
n ext w o rl d

30 A charm to secu re l ove an d co n co r d infam i l y

a

31 A ch arm fo r t he re co v ery o f o n e dange ro u sl y il l

BOO K I V .

1 C osm o gon ical an d m y st i co -

t h eo l ogi c al do ct ri n e
2 T o T h e Un k no w n Go d
3 A ch arm again st t i e rs,
g w o l ves, t h ie ves, an d o t he r

n o xio us creat u re s

4 A ch arm t o resto re v iril e o w e r

p
A l o v er s sl eep e h arm
’
5 ~

6 A ch arm t o m ak e a p o iso n e d arro w h arm l ess

7 A ch arm t o m ak e a p o iso n o u s p l an t in n o cu o u s
8 A b e n e l ict io n at th e co n sec rat io n ef a King
9 A ch arm ad d ressed t o a recio u s o in t m en t fo r safe ty an d
p
w eal t h 141
10 A ch arm ac co m an y in g in ve st it u r e w it h an am u l e t o f sh el l 142
p .

11 A g l o rifi cat io n o f t h e sac ri fi cial Gh arm a or m il k -

cal d ro n . 1 44
12 A ch arm t o m en d a b ro k en bo n e 1 46
13 A ch arm to resto re a si c k m an t o h eal t h 147
14 A ccom p an yi n g t h e sacr ifi ce o f a he -goat 149
15 A ch arm t o hast en t h e co m in g o f t h e R ain s
,
1 50
16 On t h e o m n i pre sen ce an d o m n iscien ce o f V er o na 1 53
17 A h
c arm to se cu re freedo m f ro m vario us ev il s 1 55
18 A co u n t er-ch arm again st t h e in can tati o n s o f e n em ies 1 56
19 A co u n t er ch arm
-
an d charm to secure gene ral p ro t ect ion . 1 57
20 A charm fo r t h e q
ac u isit io n c t sup erh u m an po wers
, o f
sigh t

21 Gl o ri fi cat io n an d b ened ict io n o f C o w s

,

22 A b e ne di ctio n o n a n swl
y co nse crat ed King
23 M ag n ifi cat io n o f A g n i an d p rayer fo r his p ro te ction
24 A hym n o f p rayer and p raise to I n dra.
482 m an or Bu ms .
[ Bo ok V I

Pas s .

T h e w ick ed n ess o f o pp re ssing an d ro b b in Brfih m ans 21 5

g
T h e w ick ed n ess o f ro b b in g or in su l t i ng Brahm an s 21 8
A h ym n t o t h e War dr u m
-
t o secu re v ic to r
y 220
A h y m n t o t he Ward r u m an d v ar io us d e it ies fo r v icto ry . 222
A ch arm against f e v er 224
A char m again st p arasit ic w o rm s 226
A p r iest s p ray e r fo r p ro te c t io n an d
’
assistan ce 228
A ch arm t o fac il itat e c o n cep t io n 229
A hym n of in v itat io n t o t h e Gods 231
A n A p ri o r Pro p i t iat o ry H ym n 232
A charm t o e n su re ge n eral p ro te c t io n an d p rosp e ri t y 234
A ch arm fo r t h e d est r u ct io n o f m al ig n an t g o b l in s 236
A ch ar m to rest o r e l ife an d h eal t h 238
A co u n t er—
charm ag ai n st t he i n can tati on s of an en em y 24 1

BOOK V I .

I n p raise o f Sav itar 24 5

I n p raise o f Ind ra 24 5
A p ray e r to variou s dei t ies for p ro t ec t io n and p ros eri t
p y . 24 6
A p raye r t o v ario u s de i t i es fo r p ro t ect ion 24 6
A p rayer t o A g n i an d In d ra for t he w ell b ei ng -
of a

p r in ce ly p at ro n 24 7
A p ray er t o Brah m anasp at i fo r pro t ect io n fro m w ick ed m en 24 7 .

A p rayer t o So m a an d o t h er Go d s fo r h e l p an d p ro t ect io n 24 8 .

A m an s l o ve charm
’
- 24 8
A m an s l o v ch arm
’
e - 24 9
A t h an k sg i v in g fo r l ife, h earin g, an d sig h t 24 9
An e p i t h al am ian ch arm to en su r e t h e b irt h of a b oy 250
A char m ag ain st v en o m o u s se rp e n ts 250
H o m age to De ath 251
A ch arm agai n st C o n su m p t io n 252
A ch arm fo r p o w er a n d pre e m in en ce 252
A m ed ic in al ch arm 253
A ch arm to e nsu re co n ce p t io n 254
A ch arm t o b an ish j eal o u sy 254
A p rayer fo r r i fi cat ion 255
p u

A ch arm against fe ver 255

h
A c a t t t h h ai an d ro m o t e it s gro w t h 256
rm o s ren g en r p
T o t h e M aru t s o r St o rm God s - 256
Book V I L] w on or s u m s. 4 87

A ch arm t o b an ish fi en ds an d t ro u b l es
A p rayer fo r r ich es
Praise o f V i sh n u an d V arn na
Praise of V ish n u
A p rayer t o M t , Go ddess o De vo t io n f
Praise o f t he sacri fi cial u t e n sil s
T o A g n i an d V ish nu
A ch arm t o b e used w h en t he ey es are an o in ted

A p ray er for t he o vert hro w o f en em ies

A p raye r to A g n i fo r l o n g l ife
A p ray er fo r l o n g l i fe , ch il dre n , an d rich es

A p ray e r for freedo m fro m sin an d the o v ert h row of

e n em ies
A p ray e r fo r t h e p ro spe ri ty o f a Kin g an d h is k in gdo m .

A charm t o b e p ro n o un ced b y b rid e an d b ri degroo m

A n u pt ial ch arm to b e sp ok en b y t he b ride
A m aid e n s
’
l o ve c h ar m
-

A sacr i fi cial ch ar m fo r rain an d p ro sp erity

A p ray e r for ro s e r it
p p y
T h e sam e
A p rayer for del i very fro m sin an d sick n ess

A charm again st l ig h t n in g
I n p raise o f I n d ra an d V ish n u
A ch arm ag ain st j eal o usy
A ch ar m fo r o ffsp ri n g an d p rosp eri ty
A p rayer fo r w eal t h an d t h e b irt h o f a so n
A p ray er fo r p ro spe rit y an d t h e b irt h o f a so n

A p ray er fo r ch il d ren an d b oo t y
A g am b l a
’
f r u cc ess i n ga m in g
e r s p y
r er o s

A p raye r f B i h as at i s an d I n d’
ra s p ro t e ct i on
’
o r r p
A p raye r fo r peace an d co n co rd
A ch arm to reco v e r a s i c k m a n at t h e p o i n t o f d eat h

A ch arm t o o b tain k n o wl edge o f t h e V ed a

A ch arm to en su re a p ro sp ero us j o u rn ey

A ch arm again st iso n o us b it e s an d st i n gs

p o

A ch arm fo r so m e h sical d i so rde r

p y
A n i n vit at io n t o I n dra an d V ar una
A n im p re cat io n
4 88 m nsx o r su m s .
[ Book V I I .

H u s

A par t in g t ravel l er s address t o t he h ou ses o f h is v il l age

’
.

A p raye r fo r sacre d k n o w l edge an d its

A p raye r fo r t h e o ver t h ro w o f en e m ies
A p rayer fo r de l i veran ce fro m e mi ct io n
A ch ar m t o avert an ev i l o m en

A charm again st im p recat io n s an d t h reate n ed evil s

A p ray er t o V Ak
A p riest s p raye r t o t he A gu ayo Dh ish n y i h
’

A p rayer for ch il d ren an d p rosp e r i ty

A p rayer fo r p rosperi ty
A ch arm to fru st rat e an
’
e n em y s sacrifi ce

I n p raise of A g n i
A n in v it at io n t o I n dra
A n in v itat ion t o t h e A sv in s
A charm t o c u re p ust ul es, acres, or scro f u l o u s sw e l l in gs

( ap ach itas )
A b l essin g on co w s

A ch ar m to c u re scro fu l o us
p u st u l es an d scro fu l a

A n in can t at io n again st an en em y
A for r i n ce s
’
ch arm a p p rosp e ri t y
A h y m n to t h e N e w M o o n
A hym n t o th e F u l l M oo n
A hym n t o t h e N e w M oo n
I n p raise of A gn i
A p ray er fo r del iv eran ce fro m sin an d o th er evil s

A p raye r fo r p ro tect io n
A ch arm to ensu re vict o ry 1n bat t l e
T he sam e

A p rayer t o R u dra as A gn i
A ch arm t o cu re a sn ak e b ite -

A p rayer for p u rifi cat io n an d p ro sp erit y

A ch arm agai nst a riv al i n l o v e
A p rayer fo r p ro tect io n
T he sam e

A p rayer fo r su ccess in bat t l e

A ch arm t o ensu re th e ob e die n ce o f su b ects j
A n in can tat io n again st an u n det ected t h ief
T he sam e
 I N DE X O F NA M E S , ET C .

A nu s, p 2 5 3 .
. A g n i, m , x, xn , 1 3, 30, 34 2, 343, 349, 351 ,
A b h ip l ava, 4 8 n o te . 29, 30 n o te, 31 n ote, 352, 357 , 360, 361 ,
A hh ish e ka, 1 1 , 1 4 0n ct a . 33, 35 n o te, 36 no te, 363, 366, 369, 37 0
A b so l u te, T h e, I V , 36, 37 38, 4 0, 4 2 n o te, 37 3, 37 4 n o te , 37 6,
41 n o tes . 47 no te, 4 8 , 4 9, 51 37 9, 3 0
8
,
38 1 , 38 3,
A b so l u t io n , 52, 7 7 no tes . n o te, 53, 56, 57 , 59, 38 5, 387 , 38 9— 395,
A ch arya , 37 9 . n o te, 61 , 62, 67 , 68 , 397 , 398, 4 00— 4 03 .

A dder , 32 7 6, 7 8, 8 1 , 8 5, 90,
’

A dd in g ( n am e of a 94 no te, 1 02, — 4 33, 4 35

go b l i n ) ,
1 19 . 1 03, 1 05 no te, 1 1 0, 4 37 , 4 39 , 4 4 3, 4 4 4 ,
A dh varyu , I V ,
1 5, 24 5, 1 1 1, 1 13 no te, 1 14 , 4 4 9, 4 53, 4 54 , 4 58 ,
361 , 362, 4 52 . 1 1 5, 1 20, 1 21 , 1 23, 4 60, 4 62, 4 64 , 4 66,
A d it i, 1 2, 39, 68 , 90, 1 26, 1 28 , 1 30 n o te, 4 69, 4 7 0 .

1 04 , 231 , 1 31 n o te, 14 5 n o te, al o n e o ri gi n al l y

24 6, 24 8, 265, 28 2, 1 4 9, 1 52, 1 63, 1 64 , im m o r t al , 4 2 n o te .

28 9, 31 1 , 336, 34 3, 1 70 n o te, 1 7 5, 1 7 9, as l ig h t n i n g, S n o te,

37 1 , 390, 394 , 4 20, 1 84 , 1 87 n o te, 1 88 30 n o te, 37 , 4 58 n ot e .

4 54 . n o te , 1 89 n o te, 191 as t h e Su n , 7 8 n o te,

n o te, 1 92, 1 9 3 1 98 , 1 88 n o te , 328, 37 0,
27 3, 330, 33 1 , 37 1 . 200, 202 n o te, 205 4 1 6, 4 58 n o te .

A dityas , 1 2, 1 4 , 1 5, 31 , n o te, 206 n o te, 207 , fl ig h t o f, 30 no te,

34 , 39, 4 0, 56, 90, 21 1 , 21 2, 224, 226, 327 n o te .

91, 1 1 1, 1 1 5, 1 21 , 228 , 229, 231 — 238, t h ree h o m es o f,

1 7 1 , 1 9 3, 234 , 24 6, 24 0, 24 2 n o te, 24 3, 4 16 .

28 2, 285, 308 , 331 , 24 6, 24 7 24 9 , 259, k ravyfid ( esh

Fl
38 7 , 390, 4 1 4 , 4 20, 260, 262— 264 , 266, co n su m e r ) ,
38 6 n o te .

4 27 , 4 4 0 . 269 n o te, 27 0, 27 1 ide n t ifi ed w ith

A m ict i o u (p erso n ifi ed ) , n o te, 27 2, 27 4 , 27 5, Ki m a, 1 1 3 264 , .

27 7 , 27 9, 28 0, 28 2, at r o n o f m arr ia e
259 . p g ,
A gast i , 1 7 0, 1 7 1 28 4, 28 5 n o te, 286, 78 n o te .

“
.

A gast ya, 7 3, 1 34, 1 7 0, 287 n o te, 29 2, 29 3, Lo r d o f Seaso n s,

1 80, 227 , 27 4 .
—
29 6 29 8, 301 — 307 , n o te .

A gh n ya(co w ) , 1 25 no te . 3
309, 1 2 — 31 4 , 31 8 , Lo rd of t h e F i ve

A g u i yi , 1 1 1 , 34 9 . 31 9, 327 n o te, 328 T rib es, 1 63 .

A g u ay o Dh isb nj 7 6, no te, 330 n o te, 335 So n of th e R ish is,

359 n o tes . n o te, 336, 337 , 339, 1 85 .
 m en or m u m ; n o . 4 95

Brih addiv a, 1 8 9 1 91 Bu l l o ck ( cal dro n ca11e d ), C h anda, 58

, .
.

Brih asp at i, 1 1 , 33, 37 , 1 45 C han d ra ( t h e M oo n )

.

57 , 65, 68 , 7 7 , 9 6, B u l l o ck to o t h , 22 36, 62 n o tes, 1 8 5 -

. .

9 7 , 1 0 1, 1 1 1 , 1 1 2, Bu l l s ( I n dra So m a , C h an dram as t he M o o n )
) ,
-

(
1 1 4 , 1 21, 1 22, 1 30, 39 6 . 4 34 .

1 31 , 1 7 2, 21 3, 229 , B u rste r, t h e, 4 1 2 n o te . C hap m an , Ge o rge , 1 1 0 .

232, 236, 269, 28 4 , B u r t o n , R o b e r t, 1 1 8, C h ario t, 31 4 .

29 3, 297 , 30 1 , 33 1, 1 99, 4 07 . C h ario t eers 8 7 , .

335, 34 2, 351 , 369, C h i t rac in

ar o 1 05 t
g n o e
-
, ,
37 9, 381 , 400, 4 1 5, C u m s ( o f ere d t o t he 349 .

4 25, 4 34, 4 38 — 4 40, sp ir i ts o f th e dead) , C h h al u n as, 7 1 .

4 52, 4 54 . 4 24 n o te . C h han di fi si h
( ym ns ),
Bril i at , 1 7 6, 203, 4 1 6, C al dro n ( p e rso n i fi e d ) ,
231 n o te .

4 22, 4 23 . C h ief Pr iest, 4 8, 67 ,

Brih ati , 8 3, 7 6, 203, C al f = darl i n g, 100, 1 25 . 357 .

4 1 6, 4 1 7 , 4 22, 4 54 . A
( g n i) , 1 8 4 . C h i l db irt h ( ch ar m for ) ,
Brih at sam an , 21 8 , 230 .
( t he S u n) , 1 85, 14 .

B rie fl y hai red-

( a fi e n d) , 4 60, 4 63 . C h it rarat h a, 4 25 .

4 06 .
( y
V i n ), 1 8 4 . C l an (s) , Lo rd of t h e,
B ro o m ( da) , 34 1
ve .
( C h an dr a), 1 8 5 . 288 ,
B ull ( g
A n i ) , 1 79 .
( th e w o rl d , 4 65
) . C l eaver, 1 58 .

( I n d ra , 25, 1 4 4 , C an is,
) C an i cul a, 288 C l o se -
cree p er ( a fi en d),
1 93, 27 1 , 299, 4 03 . no te . 4 06 .

( Kam a) , 4 30 C an n ab is ( h em p ) , 4 6
. . C l o u dy sk y, Lo rd o f,

Lo rd o f t h e Mo on , C an o u s, 1 7 0 n o te
( ) p . 288 .

368 . C ar p en ter , 8 7 n o te. Co h o r n , 46 2 .

( Par j a ya) n ,
1 50, Car warri o r, 357
-
. C ol d seaso n, 418 n o te.

1 5 1 , 34 5 n o te . C ast e, t he t hi rd, 251 C o l e b ro o k e, H . T 8 .

( P r aj fipati ) , 4 28, n o te . Co l ic, 4 56, 4 57 .

4 29 C ast es, fo u r, 1 60 no te . C o l l ec t iv e Go ds, 1 3 .

( t h e S u n ) , 262 . C at , 23 n o te. Co n fe r e nce ( p e rso n i fi

M o o n, H ea C atarrh , 4 09 e d) , 333
( Su n, . .

1 35 n o te C a t t 1 = w a t e r s i n C o n fi rm at io n , 28 2 n ote
v en ), e. .

— t h e T yp ical ) , 4 53, cl o u ds, 359 C o n secr abio n S ee l

( . .

4 55 ,
C at t l e en
p , 1 01 ,
1 02 -
. shi .

l ib eratio n of a, C el est ial Dam es, 1 1 1 . C o n se crati o n o f a King,

38 2 n o te . C hak ra, 1 88 . 1 15, 1 39, 1 4 0 .

E n cycl o C o n so rt of t he Y ear,
’
sacri fi cial , 4 38 C h am b ers s
sedia, V II 9 3— 95
442 . p . .
 111a o r NA MES, m . 49 9

F ever, h u n dred ago n ies F i ve, R aces, T rib es, Fo u r-eyed dog, 1 60,
o f, 24 1 . N at io n s, 4 2, 1 1 4 , 4 4 1 no te .

F icu s R el ig io ss, 87 , 1 1 8, 1 63, 21 4, 285, F o u r-fo o t ed , 4 69 .

1 9 4 , 4 1 0 See A sva . 330, 4 20 . Fou r r egi o n s, 1 5, 4 8,

tt h e . m esses o f b o i l ed 1 92, 266, 4 32 .

F ie l d , Lo rd of t h e, 51 . r ice, 443 n o t e, 448 . F o u rt h V e da, V I .

Q u ee n o f t h e, 55 . regio n s, 8 4 , 1 1 2, F ragil e ( t h e i n t erc al ary

F i ft een re gi o n s o f t he 1 18 . m on th
) ,
1 97 .

sk y, 418 . ri vers, 24 6 . F rien d, t he, 5, 4 9, 90 .

F i n ish er, t h e ( Deat h ), seaso n s, 4 1 8, 4 61 F rien ds, t h e t w o , 302 .

269 . n o te. F ro g ( u sed in c h arm s ) ,

F ire, Sacr ifi cial , 4 8, 8 3, — h eal in g h erb s, 4 20 . 1 00, 37 5 n o tes, 38 4 .

85, 9 1 . so n s o f m an , 1 1 4 F ro gs
.

( co m p ar ed to
Gfirh ap atya, 358 . Wat ers ,
4 20 . B rahm ans ) , 1 52, 1 53 .

See Gfi rhap atya . F v arr o w ed, 4 1 2

i e- . F u el , 224 .

h o u se hol d , 24 3, F i ve foo ted

-
( t h e S u n , F u n eral fi re 24 2 386
) , , ,

357 , 4 21 . 4 61 . 389 .

east ward, 4 21 , Fi v e-s

p o k ed wh eel , 4 61 . q u en ch i n
g of t he,
4 50 . F l esh -
co n su m e r, the 1 14 .

so u th ward, 4 21 , A
( g ),
n i 1 1 4, 1 1 5, F ur ies, 291 no te.

4 50 . 386, 38 9 . F u rro w ( p erso n ifi ed

) ,

w est war d, 4 21 F l o o d, C h il d of t h e, 1 6, 1 06, 1 07 .

n o te, 24 2, 4 50 . 17
o rd eal b y, 55 n o te F l oo ds ( Waters)
. 6, 7 , Ga s , 254 n o te .

of t h e f u n eral i
p ,l e 21 2 . Gam b l i n g, X I II ,
4 2,
4 3,

24 2, 38 6, 389 . F l o ren z, Pro fesso r, XV I . 1 8 3, 306, 31 0, 34 9,

an d Wat er X , , F oot l ess M aid ( Dawn ), 380, 38 1 .

4 37 . 4 69 . ch eat i n g at, XII I,

F ire d ril l ,
- 1 91 , 206, F o refat h ers, 229 . 31 0 .

250 n o tes . F o rt dem ol ish er ( I ndra) ,

-
Gam b l in g b oard,
-
24 2,
F i re p riest,
-
1 8 0, 328 4 12 . 28 3 .

n o tes . F o rt u n a, 22 no te . Gan dar n , 225 no te .

F ires, v ario us, 1 1 3, F o rt u ne, 22, 7 9, 95 . Gan dhara, 225 n o te.

1 14 . ev il , 383 . Gan d h fi r is, 225 .

F ir m am en t ( p e rso n ifi F o rt u n es, o ne h u n dred Gan dh arva, 4 1 — 4 3,

ed 55, 37 8 an d o n e, 38 3 1 34 , 1 8 1 , 1 8 2, 1 84 ,
) ,
. .

t h e N e w Fo u r 1 60 362
F i rst , t h e ( of cast es, no te . .

Y ear ) , 93 . divi sions o f sp eech, Gan dh arvas, 4 3, 1 1 8,

h k 9 —
F irst A s ta , 3 95
fi . 470 .
1 7 6, 1 30- 1 32, 1 8 4,
500 m ax or m ass, m .

310, 38 1 4 06, 4 1 1 , Goat 1 4 9, 1 50

, , . Gosb edha, 22 .

4 1 4 , 4 25, 4 54 . sacrifi cial , 1 4 9, Go tam a, 1 4 6, 1 7 1, 21 3,

Kin g o f t h e, 4 25 . 1 50, 4 4 2 4 -
43 .

Gar b e, Dr . R .
,
X1 V , Go d, t h e S u p rem e, 4 2 Grace, divi n e, 31 , 90,
XV I I . n o te . 31 8, 337 , 339 .

Garb h fid hfi n a, 229 . t he Un kn o wn , Graces, Favo u r i n g, 1 8 4 .

Gfirh apat ya ( g )
A n i , 1 31 n ot e . G1 ( a sh e -
fi en d ) 5 1 ,
,

24 2, 31 1 , 358, 4 21 , Go ditn am ,
306, 307 , 38 9 .

4 50, 4 58 . Grass, Sacre d, 206, 224,

4 3, 53, 9 9 , 37 7 .

Gat h erer, 1 1 7 , 1 1 1 , 1 9 3, 207 , 257 , Grassm an n , P ro f , 7 , 58, .

Gat h e ri n g, 1 1 9, 333 . 27 3, 29 1 , 34 9 , 364 . 1 07 , 1 35, 1 90, 1 9 1 ,

Gau fi res, 4 24
'

n o te. R iv e rs, 38 2 . 34 5, 39 3, 4 59, 4 60,

Gau h, 4 8 4 6 2, 4 66
'

n o te . Go d s, p aest m . .

Gav ish th ira, 1 7 1 F at h er o f, 95 n o te . Gr eat Bear, 352 no te .

Gaya, 1 8 , 1 34 n o te. M o t h e r o f, 95 n o te . Gree k s, 4 24 .

Gayat ri , XV I I , 7 , 8 3, C o n so r ts o f, 34 9 . G l l l l , Dr
'

, X.V I ,
2,
21,
1 7 8 , 27 1 , 4 1 8 , 4 1 9, See C o n so r ts o f Go ds . 28, 29 , 38, 39, 4 2,
4 22, 4 64 , 4 65 . A r t i fi ce r o f, 4 7 . 4 ,
4 50, 5 1 57 — 59,
,

Gel d n er, P ro f .
, XV I , h
p ysi c ian s 64 , 65, 67 , 68, 7 1
24 1 , 263, 322 .
— m ad e i m m o r tal by 7 3, 7 8— 8 0, 8 2, 8 9,
Gen eral b reat h , 57 . Ag n i, 4 2, 1 1 5, 1 4 5, 9 0, 9 9, 1 02— 1 04 ,
Gen eral Go ds, 3 1 9 See . 1 49 . 1 1 9, 1 26, 1 36, 1 39,
V i sve Devas . b y Savit ar , 4 2 . 1 4 1 , 1 4 2, 1 4 4 , 1 4 7 ,
Gen es1 s, 1 32, 259 . by So m a, 4 2, 1 54 , 1 56, 1 58, 1 59,
Germ o f m en , 38 6 n o te . 1 1 5, 1 4 5 . 1 61 , 1 63, 1 7 9, 1 80,
Gen iu s l oci, 51 n o te. by r el i
g io u s d e 1 8 4 , 1 9 4 , 1 96, 1 99,
Ghar m a, 1 29 , 1 4 4 , 1 4 5, v o t io n , 1 45 . 2 10, 2 1 7 , 220, 226,
4 1 4 , 4 53, 4 65 .
p r i e sts c al l ed, 83, 24 8, 255, 256, 258,
Gh ora, 1 58 . 93, 308 . 26 4, 268 , 27 6, 27 8 ,
n o tes . Go l d , 39 , 4 0 , 7 9, 1 88, 28 0, 28 3, 28 5, 28 7 ,
Girdl e, sacre d, 3 1 9, 234 , 235, 28 2, 31 4 , 290, 295, 29 8 , 299,
320 . 335, 4 4 4 4 4 6, 4 4 7 . . 30 1 , 303, 306— 308,
Gl ad n ess ( p erso n i fi ed ) , o r n am e n ts, 39, 7 9 31 1 , 31 7 , 31 8, 321
1 1 1 , 27 9 . n o te , 21 5, 335 . 324 , 327 , 333, 34 3,
o n ifi ed ) , Go o d w o rk s, r e w ar d o f, 34 4 , 34 7 , 350, 351 ,
Gl ory (p e rs

1 1 1 , 27 9 , 56, 98 . 354 , 358 , 360, 383,

0 11 58 . 1 11 . See Co n Go p at h a-
Brfib m ana, 4 37 , 4 38 .

sort s of t h e Go ds . I I I , XX . Grishm a, 4 61 .
 m n nx or N A M ES, m . 503

I n san ity , p u n ishm ent Jo b , 38, 4 1 , 21 7 , 336 . KArt t ik eya, 454 .

o f si n , 306 . J h St 1 29 239 o n, .
, ,
. Kar u m as, 4 05 .

I n t el l ect ( an el em en t) J hfi 21 3 ,
n ,
. Kask ashas 227 , .

4 20 . J m a 142 t u n , no e . Kasok as, 1 90 .

I n t el l igen ce (p e rso n i fi J p i t e 24 7 24 8 no teu r, , . Kasyap a 1 8, 7 4 1 4 6,

, ,

ed ) , 304 . Jfi rni , 63 . 1 7 0, 1 7 1 , 1 80, 21 3,

I ri van , 4 26 . J wara, 30 n o te . 235, 352, 4 02, 4 1 7,
I ro n , 234 , 235, 27 9, Pai t t ik , 30 no te. 4 20 .

280, 29 1 , 324, 38 3, Jyaish th agh u i , 305

’

. Kau sik a Sfi t ra, XIV , 4 ,

-

392 y esl i ha
t , 305 no teJ . 6, 1 6, 1 7 , 29, 30, 4 5,
u sed as a ch arm Jy esh h h
t g , 5 n o te
a n i 30 . 51 , 54 , 58, 66, 69,
i n E n gl an d, 20 . Jy o t is, 48 n o te . 7 0, 7 2, 7 6, 8 2, 1 00,
I saiah, 4 0 n o te . Jy o t ish o m a
, t 4 5 1 , 459, 1 04 , 1 07 , 1 1 4 , 1 16,
4 60 . 1 22, 1 8 3, 238 , 258 ,
JaGA T i,
‘
XV I I ,
1 5, 27 1 , 27 7 , 28 9, 328, 336,
4 1 8, 4 1 9, 4 64 , 4 65 KA , 1 31 . n o te. 34 2, 34 5 34 7 , 359,
Jam adag n i, Kfi l i ava, 92 . 369, 37 1 , 37 3— 37 5,
Kam a( river) , 225 n o te . 384 , 415 .

27 4 , 321 , Kaegi, P ro f , 1 54 . . Kav i, 1 7 1 .

352 . Kaksh i vfi n , 1 7 1 . Kesarap rab an dha, 21 7 .

Jam b ha, 4 5, 332 Kak u b h as, 4 05 . . Kesava, XI V , 252 .

J am u n a 1 4 2 no te
, Kal ak fi nj as, 28 8 . . Kh ad ira 8 7 , 88, 1 95,
,

Jan gi da, 4 5, 4 6 Kal i, 38 0 . . 39 1 , 4 1 2 .

J ap an , o at h o f E m pero r Kal m ash agri va, 1 22 Kh ai m akhfi , 1 53 . .

o f, 228 . Kal m fishap fida, Kh al aj as, 406

398 .

Jfi t avedas, 9, 1 2. 1 3, 57 , n o te Khan vak h fi, 1 53 . .

68, 8 1 , 8 2, 9 4 , 1 03, Kal y fini, 303 304 Kh o rasm ian s , 225 n o te , . .

1 1 6, 1 30, Kam a, 7 0 1 1 3, 1 1 9, Ki m id i u ( s) 9, 1 0, 33, ,

200, 1 20, 4 30 .
1 7 0, 395,
205, 234 , 236 -
233, 4 34 . 396, 399, 4 07 .

285, 31 3, 324 , 34 3, Kan dah ar , 226 n o te . Ki m id i n is, 62, 63 .

364, 37 0, 37 1 , 37 9, Kan k ap arvan , 353 . Kin g ,

38 6, 38 9, Kanva, 61 , 7 3, 1 58, 85, 1 54 , 21 9, 230,

395, 398, 227 , 27 4, 255, 29 3, 4 31 .

4 39, 4 53 . 335 .
( S o m a), 57 ,
1 1 1 ,

J au n d ice, 26, 27 , 1 4 1 , Kanvas, 64 . 1 93, 21 2, 224 , 28 2,

4 56 . Kap o ta, 259 . 302, 4 25 .

J ealo u sy, 254, 34 7 . Karai t , 208 .

( Y am ) a ,
309 , 31 3 .

Ji val a, 1 9 1 . Karsapha, 9 1 .
( g
A ni) ,
39 2, 4 58 .
504 nm nx o r n u ns, are .

King, 33, 34 , 4 30 . Ku ri t a, 24 1 n o te . A svin s) , 24 6, 283,

el ec t io n o f a, 84 . Ku rfi r u , 7 1 . 4 27 , 4 29 .

co n secrat io n o f a Ku sa grass, 4 9, 206 Ligh t n i n g (a fo r m of

1 2, 1 1 5, 340, 37 1 . n o tes . A g n i ), 30, 31 , 37 ,
b en edic t io n o n a, Ku sht h a , V II I , 7 0, 24 6 n o tes.

297 , -
( cau se of b and
293, 298 . 30 1 . ach e ) . 15 n o te, 16 .

r esto rat ion of a, Ku sfll as, 405 . ra e r

p y t o , 1 5, 1 6 .

83 84 . Ku tsa, 1 7 1 , 1 7 5 . Li o n , 1 40, 1 8 0, 220,

Ki n g s evil , 363 no te . Ku vera, Ku b era, 36 223, 4 01 , 4 10 .

Kin gs t h e t w o
, . n o te. L ivi n gst o n e, Dr 300 .

Kings = Ksh atriyas, 251 , Lo go s, t h e, 1 29, 359

266 . L A DL E , 94 , 2 1 3 . n o tes .

Kirfi tas, 208 n o te . L ak sh a, 1 9 5, 1 96 . Lo kapfi l as, 36 n o te .

Kir k grim , 239 no te

-
. L ak sh m i , 22, 333 no tes Lo rd . S u p re m e, 4 36,
Kirr h adae, 208 n o te . Lal fim i, 22 . 4 53 .

Ki t es, 393 . L an g, A .
,
4 5, 66, 1 30, Lo r e, H y 2 ol
, 3 53, 35
,7 .

Kn ei p p , P asto r, 295 . 1 94 . Lo t u s, 1 7 7 n o te, 229,

Ko k a, 4 03 . L asse n P ro f
, .
,
1 36, 225 . 303 .

Ko p h en , 225 no te . Law , 4 2, 54 , 1 32, 308, Lo ve , t h e God o f, 1 1 9 ,

330 . 4 30 . See Kam a .

Krish nad ram , 4 54 Q u ee n o f 330 L u ci n a 2 2 9 n o te ,

.
,
.

Krit t i kns 4 53 Law o b servers 29, 30 Lu d w ig P ro f V I I, XV

, .
-
, .
, .
, ,

Ksh at riya( s) 1 37 1 60 Lazaru s M essrs E J

,
et p assi on
, , , . . . .

1 62, 21 2, 21 4 , 265, 67 C c .
,
X V I II . L u n ar M an sio ns, 4 59 .

28 6, 37 8, 398, 4 00 . L ead ( u se d as a charm ), 4 60, 4 64 .

Ksh et rapat i , 51 n o te . 20, 2 1 .

Ksh etr iya, 50, 52, 89, Leo p ard, 1 4 0 . M A C DON A L D, Dr G . .

,
15 .

1 57 no tee . L ep ro sy, 27 — 29, 63 . M acdo n el l , P ro f , XV I . .

Ku b era Ku vera, 4 26 L icker ( a fi e n d ) , 22

, . . M ace ( sac ri fi cial ) ,
34 1 .

Ku b h a, 1 36, 24 6 n o tes Lico rice, 39 . . M adan a, 1 1 9 n o te.

Ku hfi 229 no te, 348

, L i fe, d u rat ion o f See . . M ad fi vat i, 253 .

Ku k sh il as, 4 05 H u n dred years . . M adden er, t h e, 1 1 9 no te .

Ku k u nd has, 4 05 Lo rd o f, 1 35 1 7 7 ,
.
, M ad u gh a, 39 , 7 0 n o tes .

Ku k fi rab has, 4 05 250, 4 01 , 4 36 n o te . . M agad has, 225, 226

Ku m fira, 4 53 T ree o f, 1 33 n o te
. . no te.

Ku m aril a, 1 28 n o te Wat er of 235, 31 2 .

, Magh avan ( I n dra) 4 8, ,

Ku m b h am u sh kas, 4 06 n o tes See A m ri t . . . 7 9 8 1 , 1 1 0, 27 7 ,

,

Ku n t fipa, V I I I . Ligh t, Lo rds of

( t h e 34 2, 350, 37 2, 399 .
506 m n sx or n ames, ar e .

M o n t hs, 9 4 95, 1 7 8 , . 34 0, 37 0, 38 3, 38 7 , N igh t ( p erso n ifi ed) , 3,

M o o n , 5, 36, 62, 7 0, 390, 39 1 , 39 8 , 4 1 4 , 9 4 , 1 88, 1 95, 233,
1 28 , 1 8 5, 228, 235, 4 21 , 4 33, 4 34 , 4 45 . 24 6, 250, 4 1 8, 4 32 .

256, 290, 29 2, 31 6, M fij avan s, 224 , 225 . of N e w M oo n , 367 .

390, 4 1 5, 4 25, 4 63, M fi l a, 50 n o te. of F u l l M o o n , 37 7 .

4 66 M fi l ab ar h ani, 50, 305 an d M o rn in g, 206,

N e w , 20, 65, 229, n o tes. 4 62 .

34 7 , 367 — 369, 4 4 0 M u l i l i n , 1 7 7 n o te . N i l agal asi l i , 253 .

n o te. M u l es o f t he Go ds, 4 1 5 N il i m pas, 1 20

. .

Fu l l , 65, 34 8, M ul l er, Pro f M ax, . V I , N i ne fee t , 4 69 .

359, 367 , 368 . V I I , 1 , 3, 9 , 1 4 , 24 , Ni n e vi tal ai rs, 234 .

Wan in g , 34 8 n o te . 36, 8 1, 1 28, 1 31 , N i n et y wat er-fi o od s, 4 01 .

M o rn in g, 4 1 8, 4 52 . 1 33, 1 36, 1 4 9, 1 54 , N in e ty -
n ine di t t o , 4 01 .

M o rn in gs, 1 05, 37 0 . 1 88 , 24 8 , 252, 254 , n o te .

Se e Daw n s . 262, 27 9, 39 8 , 4 22 . N i rfi l a, 253 .

M o sq u it o , 353 . M u n go o se, 209, 224 , N i rrit i, 36, 52, 53, 64,

M o t h er of t h e Go ds, 323, 4 1 1 . 58 , 1 8 0, 1 99, 259,
1 15 n o te. M u nj a grass, 4 . 27 9, 358, 360, 39 7 ,
of t h e w o rl d, 1 1 5 M fl rade vas, 39 2 no te . 4 45 .

n o te N ir u k ta, 1, 2, 9, 58
( ear th ) 4 60 . N A DA N n uN
,
227 . n o tes .

M o t h ers, t h e ( Wat e rs) ,

N ad i r, 1 20, 1 22, 1 4 4 , N it at u i , 321 .

6 . 1 59, 1 8 6, 203 n otes. N i v ids, 231 .

M o u tai
n n s = c ou l ds, Nagas, 4 26 . N o o n , 4 52 .

228 . N ag n ak a, 407 , N orm an , H .

, 228 .

M r ity u , 1 39, 1 7 7 , 1 78 , N al a ( po e m of ) , 380n o te N c ru s, 229 . n o te.

228, 235, 24 0, 320, N al adi, 1 8 1 . N rish ad, 1 58 .

360, 38 7 , 4 24 , 4 69 . N at ac h i, 24 2 . N yagro dha, 1 8 1 , 1 95 .

M ro k u, 63, 24 2, 24 3 . N Grade , 21 9 .

M u dgal a, 1 7 1 . Narasansa, 232 . OBL A T I ON , ( person i fi ed ) ,

M u ir, Dr J , V I I , XV , N Arshada, 1 58
. . . 336 n o te .

1 1 , 1 3, 8 2 8 3, 1 1 0, N at u re, 4 1 , 4 23, 4 31 , Ocean , t he cel est ial ,

1 1 9, 1 25, 1 26, 1 28, 4 59 n o tes. 1 1 7 , 1 32, 368 .

1 33, 1 4 6, 1 4 9, 1 54 , Po w ers o f, 1 , 1 1 Ocean s, t w o ( air an d

1 60, 1 63, 1 69 , 1 7 6, n o tes . w at e r ) ,

1 53, 4 4 5 .

1 8 2, 200, 202, 204 , N et o f l n d ra, 4 1 3, 4 1 4 . O dan a,

1 7 6— 1 7 8 , 4 4 5
205, 21 4 , 21 7 , 220, N ew Y ear , 9 3, 94 . O d in , 4 8 .

2 2 —
2 6, 39 24 1 , 260, N e w Z e al an d e rs, Gene 0 11 , 235, 4 68 n o tes.

264, 31 0, 31 1, 333, sis o f t h e, 254 . Om en , 3 14 .

 m ax o r s u m s, are . 507

Om n i fi c, t h e, 7 6, 31 2 . Pal ij ak a, 4 03 . P eah en s, 2 no te 354 .

O m n isc ie n t , th e, 304 . Panch au d 4

an , 4
a 3— 4 4 8 Pearl , 1 4 2, 1 4 3 n o te
. .

O n ager , 4 74 . Pan dit , Sh an k ar Pan d u P e rk fi u as, 3 n o te.

O n e, t h e , 4 60, 4 7 0 . ran g , XI V , 29 . P e t erso n , Pro f .

,
1 33 .

S p i ri t , 4 21 . Panis, 1 64 . P h il te r, 3 1 9 .

S u p re m e Sp irit, Pu nj ab , 1 36, 24 6, 251 , Ph th isis, 53 . See Co n

4 70 . 4 20 no tes su m p t io n . .

l aw , 4 21 . P au k t i, XV I I ,
4, 4 69 . P hysician s o f t h e Go ds,
Cow , 4 20, 4 21 , Pan t h er,
4 4 4- Paran 1 1i t m 1 7 2 n o te of Deat h , 251
'

a, . .

O n e an d a h u n d re d , 92, Param e st h i n , 4 01 , 4 21 Pierce rs, 1 20 .

39 1 . See n o te, 4 53 . P i l a, 1 8 1 .

H u n dre d an d o n e Parasu rzi un a, 205 no te P i n dar, 1 00

‘
. . .

O n e day sac r i fi ce, 303 Parasvan , 4 7 4 .

n a, 4 06, 4 07 .

n o te. P ar e n ts, t h e ( H eave n P i p p al , Pe e p al , 87 ,

O n e fo o t ed, 4 69
-
. an d Eart h ), 207 See A svatt h a
n o te
. . .

O n e w h eel e d
-
ch ari o t t he Un iversal Pi sach a( s) 20, 4 0, 61 ,
( t h e S u n ) , 4 59 .
( d i t t o
), 254 n o te . 1 7 9, 1 80, 1 8 2, 236
O p h t h al m ia, 4 58 . Parj an ya, 3, 4 , 238 , 262, 389 .

O rd ai n e r, t h e, 7 8 , 95, 1 28 , 1 4 5, 1 50— 1 52, P l gfi ch i, 20 n o te .

335, 337 , 4 54 . 24 6, 265, 28 8, 29 6, Pi sa ch i , 20, 58 n o te .

O rdeal b y fi re , 55 no te 34 5, 34 6, 4 1 1 , 4 66 P isfi ch n i , 20 n o te
. .
‘
.

O rder, 4 2, 54 n o te, 60, P ark in cakes, 4 24 n o te F isch e l , P ro f , XV I, . .

1 22, 1 32, 1 7 7 , 206, Po r no , 8 6, 8 7 , 1 95 1 05, 257 . .

21 2, 256, 31 2, 330, Part h ian s, 225 no te. Pl an ets, 4 63 .

352, 39 3, 4 1 8 , 4 20, Par u sh fi h va, 4 1 2 . P l an ts, 36, 37 , 4 4 , 53,

4 60, 4 62, 4 69 . P aru sh ni, 1 36, 251 . 257 , 38 7 , 390, 4 08
So n o f, 4 2, 31 2 . Passio n ( p e rso n ifi e d
) 4 1 1 , 4 32 .

O r io n , 28 8 n o te . Se e M an y u . Kin g of ( So m a ) ,

O t h er Pe o pl e ( sp i ri ts) , Past an d F u t ur e, 60 . 53, 1 34 , 228, 293,

4 26, 4 54 . P asu p at i, 7 5 . 29 7 , 38 7 , 4 1 0 .

O u ran o s, 37 , 254 n o te . Pitt a, 66, 1 08 , 1 58 .

( I n d ra) , 1 59 .

O wl , 260, 261 , Psal m, 4 26 n o te .

( g )
A n i 1, 1 52,
O w l e t , 399 . Pi tha, 66,
1 08 n o te.

O x = C al dro n , 1 4 5, 1 4 6 Pavam an a, . 1 27 , 1 4 5, C el est ial , 1 1 7,

1 7 9, 1 97 , 255, 4 54 . 268 no te, 4 08,
P A I P P A L JRDA , 29 no te. Pavan a, 36 no te. 4 11 .

P al i l a, 4 03 . Pavi u asa, 407 . m agical , d ifii cu l t

Pu l i ss, 8 6 no te . Pi yu , 392 n o te . to ob tain , 21 0 no te.
508 nvnsx o r m u m s, are .

P l at e , 202, 4 33 . P ram an d in l , 18 1 . Prisn i p ar nt, 64 .

P l axa, 1 95 . Pram i l i n , 4 03 . P r i th i , 4 24 n o te , 4 25.

Pl easan t n ess ( p e rson i P1 ana, 4 21 . P t it h i V l , 3, 1 9 1 , 202,
fi e d) , 279 . Pr anw a, 4 63 . 336 .

P l e iades, t he , 4 53 . P raet o tu r, 4 52 P rit h u , 4 24 .

Pl e n t y, Lo rd o f, 237 , Prat i h art ar, 4 52 . P ro p it iat o ry hym ns,

34 5 . Pr avargya, 1 4 5 n o te . 205 n o te.

co w o f, 4 31 . P rosp erit y ( p erso n ifi ed) ,

P l in y, 27 , 1 4 3 . Pr ay er, 24 , 7 8, 1 8 6, 95 .

Pl o u gh , 1 06, 1 07 , 261, 327 , 4 25, 4 34 , 4 4 8 . Pro t ec tio n , 303 .

418 . Lo rd o f, 1 1 , 33, P ro tec t re ss ( a

p l an t ),
Pl o u gh i n g, 96, 1 06, 37 , 65, 7 7 , 232, 351 , 303 .

1 07 , 301 no te . 4 34 Psal m s, 38 , 1 53 .

P l o u gh M o n day, 1 07 .
‘
re verséd Pu ra -
u sh ni h , 7 .

P l o n g l 1ers ( M aru t s) 261 t h u n d er, 320 P u ro h ita, 1 1 , 1 09, 1 1 0,

.
’
.

Pl o u gh m o n ey, 1 07
-
P raye rs, t he V edao f, I V 357 . .

n o te. Pr enl , 29 3, 294 . P u rifi er ( A gn i) , 31 0 .

P l o u g h er an d cx == Pressi n g st o n e -
17 1 .

p r ie st an d cal d ro n , 1 4 6 . 224 , 24 6 . Pfi r u s, 1 14 n o te.

P o i n t s, i n t erm ediate, Pr id fik n , 32, 1 21 . Pu ru sha, 4 1 , 329, 4 01 ,

234 . Pr iest , H o u seh ol d, 1 09 .
4 1 7 , 4 21 .

P o iso n , o f sn ak es, 208 See Parc hi t a . P u r u sh a-S

fi k ta, 4 1 , 329
209, 250, 37 3 . an d Presi de n t, 1 1 0 . no te .

o n arr o ws, 1 37 . P ri ests, sev en , 1 65 . Pfi sh an , V , 1 2, 1 4 , 1 5,

fo r h n m an e n e m ies, c al l e d Go ds, 8 3, 31 , 68, 9 1 , 1 0 1 , 1 04 ,
4 26 .
9 3, 308 n o te . 1 06, 1 1 2, 1 7 2, 234 ,
P o rc u p i n e, 224 . h o st il e, 200, 360, 236, 24 6, 28 2, 28 4 ,
P rah ri da, 4 23 . 398 n o te . 307 , 332, 34 2, 34 5 .

P r aishas, 231 . P riestl y fee . See Dak P ust u l es, 90, 3

2 63 —365 .

P raj i p at i, 4 2, 7 6,
'

sh i ni . P fi t adru , 391 .

1 1 9 , 1 28, 1 3 1 , 1 35, Pri m al Be in 4 59 P ut i r an u , 4 1 2

g, .
.

1 4 5, 1 4 6, 1 7 7 , 230, Pr i m al C au se o f b ein P fi t u dru , 39 1

g, .

231 , 250, 28 2, 28 3, 4 64 . P yt h o n , 4 8 no te.

31 2, 333, 336, 337 , Pri m e val m al e, 4 21 . Pyt h o n s ( cl o u ds ) ,

1 51
339, 368 , 38 7 4 01 , Pr im e Cause, 4 1 .

4 1 7, 4 21 , 4 28, 4 30, Pri n cel Po w er, 60

y .

4 36, 4 50, 4 55, 4 69 . Prisn i, 4 1 , 1 68, 223, c om m a Em -

sm m
j
P ra apat is, 4 0 . 411 .
Qu art e rs of t he sk y .

Prakrit i, 4 59 . Prisn ibi h u . 41 4 234 . 4 4 8 300 3 5850 “.

51 0 I NDEX o r n u ns, m o .

R ik , Sam h itfi , V . 1 68, 1 69, 1 7 1 , 1 7 2, Sacr i fi cial h al l , 7 5 no te,

R i k sh agri va, 4 03 . 1 9 7 , 228, 255, 262, 24 2

R ish i( s) , 1 8 , 4 8, 56, 268 , 27 6, 27 7 , 294 , h o rse, 1 87 , 442
7 7 , 1 64 , 1 7 0, 1 7 2, 324 , 337 , 34 6, 364 , n o te.

1 8 5, 205, 251 , 267, 37 3 4 01 , 4 54 . i m pl em e n ts de ifi

304 , 31 9, 320, 370, A g n i, 37 2 . ed, 34 1 .

37 3, 4 01 , 4 1 7 — 4 20, R u dras, 34, 1 7 1 , 1 9 3, v ic t im de i fi ed , 7 5,

se ve n , 1 4 6, 1 7 0, R ue , 1 59 . an i m al s, 75 .

21 3, 352, 37 1 . fi re, 4 8, 7 6, 7 8 ,
cel est ial , 21 9 . S acn i, 353 n o te . 8 3, 8 5, 9 1 , 24 7 , 450 .

ak i n t o t h e Go ds, Sach i p at i, 353 n o te . co rd, 4 30 .

205 . S acre d Gi rdl e , 31 9 .

grass, 4 10 . See
R ishyap adl , 22 . Grass, 206, 37 7 ,
Grass, sacr ed .

R ,
i t a 4 2,
1 32 . 4 49 .

R i val w o rsh i p p ers, 1 85 Kn o wl edge, 2, 337 w at e rs, 257 .

1 86, 200, 360 . 353, 357 . Sad i n vas, 58 , 59, 61 ,

R i vers, 99, 100, 258 . Syl l ab l e, 235 143 . .

fi v e, 24 6 ; se ven , Sacri fi ce ( p erso n i fi ed) , Sadas, 4 4 9 .

1 36, 24 6, 38 2 . 265, 27 6 . SAd hyas, 329, 367 , 4 1 4 ,

( Go d desse )
s , o f an an im al , 7 5, 4 69, 4 7 0 .

38 2 .
-
R ege n t of th e, 4 21 ,
R ive r God,
-
345 no te . of a b u l l , 34 5 . 4 70 .

329 Sai val a, 1 8 2, 251

‘
S ee Sarasvzsn . o f a co w , . n o tes.

R i ver Go dd ess
-
. Se e Sa of a dog, 329 . S ak ad hfi m a, 31 6 n o te .

rasvat i. of a go at ,
1 4 9, Sak adh fi m j
a as, 4 06 .

R o b in Goo dfel l o w , V , 1 50 . Sakam b h ara, 224 .

62, 1 1 8 n o tes. o f a ram , 1 24 . Sak ra, 1 27 , 1 4 4 , 1 89,

R o dasi ( C o n so r t of Ru fau l t s i n p e r fo r 37 2, 399, 4 1 3, 4 39 .

d ra) , 34 9 . m an c e o f, 308 , 37 9 . Sal t , 364 .

R o dh a, 1 8 8 n o te. go es to h eave n , sal ads , 4 0 6 .

R o e b u ck , 8 9 . 3 1 2, 31 3 . sal fi k a, 1 7 7 .

R om an s, 27 , 4 24 . t h u n de rb o l t, Sam fi ( h al f y ear),
-
4 0,
R o m an , 66 n o te . 7 1 , 320, 321 . 48 n o tes.

R o th , vo n , V I, X I II ,
O e day,
n -
303 no te . Sti m a,
28, 29 .

XV , 1 3, 4 8 , 1 1 8, 1 54 , T w e l ve day , 4 51 -
. Si m a, Sfi m an , Sém an s,
205, 220, 226 Sacri fi cial b u l l , 4 38
. 56, 231 , 4 1 6, 4 1 9,
R u dra, 21 , 5 1 , 59, 67 , 4 42 4 22, 44 3 n o te, 4 4 9,
1 62, o at 4 4 2— 4 4 8 4 65
g , . .
 m nsx o r m m , n o . 51 5

459 T ra m zi u fi, 303 T w el ve day sacrifi ce,

‘

T h ree
’

seaso n s, .
ya .
-

st e p s, 41 . T reasu re (s) , Lo rd o f, 4 51 .

st e ps o f V ish nu , 2 n o te, 226 . T w el ve sp ok ed year, l 7 8, -

339, 34 0 . T ree, t h e C el est ial , 1 33 4 62 . .

st r i deso f t h e Su n , of Li fe, 1 33 n o te T wi n . cal ves, b i rt h o f,

55 n o te . T rees, 4 0, 24 9 4 1 4 , . 1 22 .

T i tl es, Lo rd of H o l y, 54 n o te . T win s, b irt h o f, 1 22,

A
( g ),
n i 28 5 . T r iads, 4 1 9 . 1 23 n o tes .

V edas, 4 70 . T ri b es, t he F i ve, 4 2, T wo fo o ted, 4 69 -

.

w o rds, 34 7 . 1 1 4 See F i ve R aces T yr, 24 8

. . n o te.

w o rl ds, 65 n o te, — So vran of t he, 1 1 1 .

1 8 7 , 34 7 . T ri kadru k as, 4 8 n o te. UDGxrA B, I V 24 5 n ote,

'
.

T h ree fo l d h eav en an d T r ik fi ta, 1 42 n o te . 4 52 .

e ar t h 4 18 no te . Udvach an a, 201
T r ip l e air , 4 61 . .

h o m e o n n i, 4 1 6 T r ip l e p eak ed m o u n t ai n , Ug raj it , 31 0
.
-
.

T h ree n aved, 4 59
-
14 2 . Ug ram p asya, 31 0 . .

T h ree p eaked m o u ntai n , T r ip l e

-
se v en , t h e, 1 , 2, Ul ysses, 4 5 n o te .

142 . 32 . Un b o rn , t h e, 4 45, 4 60 .

T h ree t h readed am
-
u l e t, T r ip l e t s, 4 1 9 n o te, 4 65 . sp i ri t, 4 45 n o te.

234 . T rishta h
g ,a 238 Un i ve rsal Go ds, 1 3, 57 ,
n o te .

T h u n der, Go d o f, 3 . T r ish t n p XV I I , 9, 27 1 , 58, 85, 27 7 See V is

, ,

T h u n de rbo l t = sac ri fi ce, 4 1 8, 4 1 9, 4 65 ve devas . .

320 . T r isiras, 7 . So u l , 1 7 2 no te .

T h u n d er st o r m
-
, ch arm T ri so ka, 1 7 1 . Up ab d i, 63 .

again st , 16 . T ri ta, 1 87 , 1 8 8, 1 9 1 Up aj i k fis, 4 4 , 300 .

T ig er, 1 33, 1 34 , 1 4 0, n o te, 27 0, 307 . Up an ayan a( m ) 357 ,

1 8 0, 306, 4 01 . T r u t h , 97 , 4 4 6 . 37 9 n o tes .

T ig er am u l et , 4 1 0
-
. an d Fal seh o o d, 60 Up an ish ads, V I I I , XV , .

T iger s day, 306

’
. T u nd i ka, 4 04 . 4 68 .

T ig er sk i n, 1 40 T u rvasas, 1 14 n o te Up h o l der ( of m arr iag e

)
-
. .

T il aha, 54 . T vash
tar, 7 , 4 7 , 65, 68, 27 8 , 335 no tes.

T i m e, 4 66 . 90, 1 27 , 1 7 2, 207 , U p o h a, 1 1 9 n o te .

T irascl i irai
j, 27 6 . 230, 232, 233, 24 6, Ursa M aj or, 37 1 n ote .

T itan s, 66 n o te 27 0, 27 4 , 28 7 , 29 5, Ur n gfi l ti , 4 06
’
. .

T i u , 24 8 n o te . 324 , 336, 364 , 4 4 0, Uru ndas, 4 06 .

T o b i t, 4 04 n o te. Ugan a, 1 7 1 4 52, 4 54 .

.

T o ga v ir il is, I X, 58 n o te T w el v e A dityas, 1 2, Ush as, 1 04 , 1 05, 1 28

.

T o rt o ises, 4 4 1 . 4 20 n o tes 1 35, 4 63, 4 69 See .

.

T radesm e n , 261 n ote T wel ve m o n t h s, 4 61 Dawn

. . .
51 6 m o r mu m s, m o
'
u .

Vl cn m u l,
'
I, 2 .
—
V aru na, 5, 1 2 1 4, 1 5 V ashat, 1 4 , 232, 37 7 ,
V adh ryasva, 1 7 0, 1 7 1 . n o te, 20, 22, 24 , 25, 4 23, 4 4 4 , 4 6 1 .

V ai n ya, 4 24 . 30, 31 n o te, 36 n o te, V as i ah t h a, 1 04 , 1 4 6,

V aigravan a, 4 26 . 37 n o te, 38, 53, 64 , 1 7 0,
V aisvanara ( A gn i) , 61, 67 — 69, 8 3, 8 5, 8 6, 398 n o tes, 17 1 .

1 03, 1 1 3, 1 1 4 , I 64 , 88, 90, 99, 1 04 , 1 05 V asish th as, 1 05 no te.

1 7 9, 264 , 27 0, 27 4 , n o te, 1 1 1 n o te, 1 1 4 , V asosh p at i , 2 .

27 9, 284 , 285, 3 10, 1 1 5, 1 20, 1 21 , 1 30 V ast o sh p ati , 284 .

380, 38 6, 4 01 , 4 1 0, n o te , 1 33 n o te, 1 34 , V asu r u ohi , 4 25 .

417 . 1 6 2— 1 55, 1 62 n o te, V asas, 34 , 56, 8 1 , 1 7 1 ,

( V aru na) , 1 4 . 1 7 0, 1 7 1 , 1 7 3, 1 7 4 , 206, 233, 28 2, 28 4 ,

V aisya( s), 1 60 n o te, 1 8 6, 1 87 n o te, 1 89, 285, 28 9, 366, 37 6,
21 4 , 251 n o te. 202 n o te, 203 n o te, 38 7 , 39 3, 4 1 4 , 4 27 .

V ait ah avyas, 21 7 , 21 8 . 205 n o te, 207 n o te, V ista, 53, 55, 81 , 82,
V ait a n a-S fi tra, XI V , 208, 21 2, 21 9, 224 , 1 1 2, 1 20, 202, 20 3
XV I I , 335, 34 2, 359, 228, 230, 24 6, 24 8 n o te, 265, 295, 296,
361 , 366 . no te, 255, 256, 265, 4 34 , 4 4 0 .

V aivasvat a, 309, 38 9, 269 n o te, 27 3, 28 2, V atsap a, 4 03 .

4 24 . 28 4 , 29 2— 294 , 296, V av r i vasas, 4 03 .

Vi ja ,
27 0, 4 29 no tes. 29 8, 302, 31 1 , 31 9, V ay u , 36, 53, 55, 62
V i jap eya, 1 12 . 339, 369 — 37 1 , 37 4 , n o tes, 65, 7 6, 90, 9 7 ,
Va
j p
a rasav iyii n i, 1 12 37 9, 38 2, 4 09, 4 31 , 1 07 n o te, 1 1 2, 1 66,
n o te . 4 37 , 4 39, 4 54 , 4 69, 1 67 , 1 84 , 1 86, 1 8 7
V i j in , 296 n o te . 4 70 . n o te, 228 , 24 9, 27 4 ,
V ak , 1 06, 1 1 2, 1 29, Ki n g o f Waters, 27 9 , 28 2, 324 , 328 ,
1 7 1, 1 7 "
203, 21 3, 37 0 . 362 n o te, 38 5 n o te,

327 , 359, 4 1 6, 4 21 , n o o ses o r sn ares 386, 4 40, 4 54 , 4 64 ,

4 22 n o tes, 27 8, 4 31 , o f, 52 4 65, 4 7 0 .

4 69 . 31 1 , 37 0, 37 1 . V eda ( b u n ch of g r ass ) ,

V al a, 4 7 . o m n i pr esen ce o f, 34 1 n o te .

Vi m ade va, 1 7 6 n ote . 1 53, 1 54 . V eda, 2, 9 n o tes .

Vi m ad e vya, 1 7 6, 4 22, si ck n ess se n t b y, t h e F o u r t h, V I .

4 23 . 30, 1 54 , 1 55, 37 1 V ed as,

n o te, 4 09 , 38 2 . t h e t h r e e an cien t ,
V ar an a, 1 38, 29 1 .
— sp ie s o r en vo
ys o f, I II , 4 7 0 .

V aranavat i, 1 38 . 1 54 . V ed i , 206 n o te .

V arsh a h
,
4 61 . V ar n nan i, 1 1 1 n o te. V ei n s, 21 .

V arsh i ni ( R ai )
ns , 96 V ar u nas, 8 5 . V en a, 4 1 , 1 29, 1 96,
n o te. V asan ta, 4 61 . 4 24 n o te, 4 25 .
51 8 m nax or m u ms, m

257 , 258, 27 3, 27 7, W i n t er 27 1 39 1 , ,
. Y aj u s t e xt , 353
-
.

27 8 . 28 2 295, 31 4 ,
, Wi se Dr 21 26
,
.
, , ,
27 , Y a
jya,
1 4 n o te .

37 1 , 37 3, 38 6, 30, 64 , 7 2, 7 4 , 258, Y ak sh m a, 53, 7 4 , 1 2 7 ,

390, 4 09, 4 23, 4 28 , 294 , 31 5, 4 55, 4 58 . 1 4 1 , 387 n o tes. See
4 38 Wi tc hcraft , 1 57 , 21 0, C o n su m p t i o n .

b e fo r e creat io n , 21 1 , 238, 24 1 , 24 2, Yam a, 1 8, 35, 36, 56,

1 32 n o te . 4 00, 4 0 1 . 93, 1 21 , 1 23, 1 24 ,
Offspr i n g o f ( A gn i) , Wi tches ,
23, 4 9, 1 61 , 1 4 2, 1 7 6, 18 6, 202,
1 52, 24 6 . 238 . 228 , 239, 24 0, 260,
W eal t h Lo rd , o f, 79 . Wizar d 21 1 399 , , . 261 , 269, 280, 29 1 ,
W eap o n s ( a cl ass of Wo den 39 no te , . 296, 298 , 305, 31 3,
Go ds) , 1 20 . W o l f 200 223 226
, , , . 320, 338, 351 , 38 6,
W eat h er- p r o p h et , XI I , Wo o d R e v J G 300
, . . .
, . 38 9, 4 1 2, 4 17 4 20,
31 6, 31 7 Wo rd t h e C reat i ve 1 29
, , , 4 24 , 4 53, 4 54 , 4 7 0 .

W e b e r, Pro f A . .
, V , V I, 171 , 359, 4 31 n o tes .
-
d ogs o f, 1 60, 239 ,
XV , et p assim . Worl d creat o rs
-
,
1 7 8, 386, 4 4 1 n o te .

Wel fare ( p erso n ifi e d) ,

320 . h o rse o f, 1 96 .

29 1 . Wo rl d -
p r o t ect o r, 36, m essen gers of,

W est w ard fi re 4 21 369 ,

. . 389, 4 1 3 .

W h ite an t s 4 4 300 Wo rl d T ree, , ,

- 1 38 n o te, Y am un a 14 2
, .

n o tes . 4 64 n o te . Y i ska, 1 07 , 329, 469 .

W h it n ey , P ro f .
,
V , V I, W o rl ds ,
t he t h ree, 55 Y at i, 4 7 .

X II I ,
XIV , X V I , 85, n o te, 1 8 7 , 34 7 . Y at u a, 20 .

1 8 0, 1 96, 27 2, 301 , Wo r m ( a fi en d ) 4 07 , . Y at u d han a( s) , —

9 1 2,
334 . Wo rm s 7 1 — 7 3 226,
, ,
30,
Wide -
st r ide r , the ( V ish 227 . 1 90, 21 0, 237 , 262,
u
n , t h e S u n ) , 55 . W rat h ( p e rso n i fi e d ) ,
39 2— 394 , 396, 398 .

Wido w, r e - m ar r ia e o f,
g 1 7 3, 1 7 4 . t ran sfo r m at io ns
4 4 6, 4 4 7 . W r ig h t , Mr . W . H XI V . o f, 399 .

W il d ass 4 7 4 , . Wr o n g , 4 69 . flyin g, 392 .

Wil d Y dt u dh fi n i ( s) , 1 1 , 33,
W il so n Pro f ,
. H . H .
, Xnaxns, 226 n o te . 59, 1 60, 227 .

1 90, 27 0, 39 3, 398, Y ear, th e ( perso n ifi ed ) ,

4 62, 4 64 , 4 66, 4 69, Y anus, 1 1 4 n o te . 27 5, 4 1 5 .

4 70 . Y aj fi ay j y ,
a fi i a 4 22, 4 23 . co n so rt o f, 93 95 .

Win d ( p erso n i fied) , 53, Yaj u r veda, 353 no te -

. m o del o f, 93 .

203, 24 9, 385, 4 27 , Y aj u s, 4 4 3 n o te, 4 4 9 .

p art s o f, 234 .

4 28 . Y j
a u s-r i t u al , 1 1 2 n o te . N e w , 9 3, 94 .

Wine ,
1 77 , 233 . Yaj us ( V eda) , I I I . Yearn ers, 1 21 .
 CO R R I GEN DA ET A DDEN DA
“

h as 1 of n o te r ead Pu ra u sh nih o
f hor P u rs -
u sh ni

1 3 fro m b el ow read Pu ro hi t a f or P u ro h ta
3 r ead fo r ce f or age
1 4 fro m b el o w r ead M ed icin isch es f or M ed ecin isch u
7 of n o te r ead et e rnal f or i m m or tal

7 f o r h ea r

1 6 fro m b el ow r ead b ip ed f or in d ist in c t w o rd af ter and

2 fro m b el o w om it as y e t u nid en ti fi ed
8 fro m b el o w read dnad atd f or d n adatd
0 fro m b el o w aft e r W orl d . ad d
T h e l egen d says t hat th e el e p han t
w as p ro d u ced fr om sh avi n gs o f th e flesh o f M Art tm d a t he m is
-

sh ap en so n o f A di ti . See Mu ir , O 8 T ex t s, I V
. . .
p 1
. 5
i n eer t is f
a ter l fi g veda X Jm
r ead d eo l j ar doa
r ead On I

m e m o; n o nes r ead 1 64 f or 16
6 read A s erst , st il l f or F or t ress-l ik e, an d can cel the p o rt i on of
'
referrin g to p u r d
head ing o f se con d h ym n r ead C XV .
f or C XC .

1 0 fro m b el o w r ead rel ease

aft er stan za 5 i noer t : G I h av e ob scu red th e h eaven and fi rth ,

an d t h e dayl igh t an d t h e Sun .

So m t h e e G o d s w h o m I h av e set b e fore m e o p p ose

y s

ch arm s an d b an ish w i t ch cr aft .

A n d al ter accordingl y t h e num b ers of st anzas 6— 1 2

1 i n ser t a co m f m a a ter Kh al ajas
1 8 read h is asse m b l y f or hisasse m hl y
2 from b el o w r ead Behiil t er f or Beht l ter