Course - Elektromagnetika - Electromagnetics - 344

11/23/22, 8:35 PM Course: Elektromagnetika - Electromagnetics - 344
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Elektromagnetika - Electromagnetics - 344

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Elektromagnetika - Electromagnetics - 344
Electromagnetics 344 
Lecturer: Dr Jacki Gilmore
Textbook: Field and Wave Electromagnetics by David K. Cheng (2nd Ed) - it's the same book that was used in EM314
Module Objectives:
The formal goals/objective of this module are as follows:
Mastering the basic aspects of electromagnetic waves on guided structures and in free space.
Once you completed this module, you will be able to do the following:
Understand and use plane wave propagation in unbounded media – free space, lossless dielectric and conducting
media.
Understand normal and oblique incidence of plane waves on an interface and apply to wave transmission.
Understand and use basic transmission line theory, in both the frequency (steady‐state) and time (transient) domains.
Understand basic radiation theory in the context of antennas.
Understand the field theory of antennas and be able to apply it to elementary antennas such as a half‐wave dipole.
The informal goal of the module is to have fun - electromagnetics is fascinating and it unlocks a great deal of mysteries
(and even opens up some new questions) about physics.
Announcements 
Announcements
SUNLearn/IT help
Semester Marks: [Updated 21 October 12:53]
The semester marks are now available under "Grades". They were calculated as follows:
Tuts: sum(% all tut tests)/5 <= effectively only 5 tests count, but every mark you got for the 6th and 7th test is a bonus
mark (up to a max of 100%).
Pracs: average(% all pracs)
SM = 0.6*Tuts + 0.4*Pracs
Student Feedback:
Please take some time to provide feedback on the module via the official student feedback system. This feedback is quite
important as it informs the way I will present the module in the future. I would be very grateful if as many of you as possible
could fill in the form - even if you have no specific comments, it still gives me an idea about what worked and what didn't
work from your side as well.
Thank you in advance!
https://learn.sun.ac.za/course/view.php?id=71267 1/11
Student Feedback Form
A2 Feedback: [Updated 22 November 15:37]
A2 went reasonably well. Here are some stats and general feedback.
Class average: 56%

Highest: 93%
Q1 Average (General Questions): 57.28%
Q2 Average (Plane Waves): 63.09%
Q3 Average (TX Lines - Smith Chart): 55.82%
Q4 Average (TX Lines - Bounce Diagram): 66.67%
Q5 Average (Antennas): 41.45%
There weren't many apparent gaps in knowledge shared by the whole class; the only thing I could pick up on was that some
of you didn't read the questions correctly - especially the Smith Chart question.
If I ask for a "shunt" network, you need to convert the impedance to admittance by going halfway around the Smith Chart!
Additionally, open-circuit means that y=0, not infinity!
You also measure clockwise around the Smith Chart (look at the label on the edge and the little arrow in case you forget!)
"At the load" means z=l, "On the line" means for *any* z-value, so the expression needs to be in terms of z.
Looking at A3, my advice would be to read the questions carefully and to take the "free" marks! I usually give marks just for
copying the correct formula from the formula sheet or clearly stating the assumptions (things like boundary conditions and
Snell's law of reflection). By just doing that you can get some marks, even if you don't know what to do at all.
All the best with the last stretch, and thank you for a great semester - I really enjoyed teaching in person again!
A3 Information: [Updated 10 November 12:00]
A3 General info and instructions
Logistics 
Study Guide - English
Studiegids - Afrikaans
Formula Sheet
Course Format:
The format of this course is fully face-to-face. There are three lectures and a tutorial/practical session each week. A
tut test will be written at the end of each tutorial and will count towards your semester mark.
Communication:
The best place to discuss/ask questions on the work is during the lectures, tuts and practicals.
For personal matters or to schedule a meeting (virtual or in-person), please email me at jackivdm@sun.ac.za.
Emails will be responded to within 5 working days.
General announcements will also be posted under Announcements.
Contact Sessions/Timetable:
The contact sessions will be used as follows:
(Kindly note that these arrangements might change at short notice!)
Day and Time Activity Venue
Mondays 09:00 Lecture A204
Tuesdays 09:00 Lecture A303B
Wednesdays 09:00 Lecture Jan Mouton 1013
Tutorial or Practical (check A303B (tut) or 4th floor lab

Thursdays 14:00
schedule!) (prac)
Repeaters:
Students who are repeating the module are still expected to attend the contact sessions and complete all the
assignments. as indicated above. If you have clashes with the contact sessions, please fill in the online Pink Form at
the link provided below.
Online Pink Form
If you need to miss a contact session:
Students are expected to attend all the contact sessions. If, however, you are forced to miss a session due to
circumstances beyond your control, please fill in the form linked below. Kindly note that a zero mark will still be
awarded for any tut test or assignment that is not submitted by the required deadline.
Excuses
Weekly Tasks/Class Tests/Pracs (contributions to the semester mark):

Tutorials: The weekly tasks completed during the tutorial sessions are for your own enrichment. They are designed to
help you prepare for the tuttests and the main assessments. It is highly recommended that you put as much effort as
you can into understanding the tasks.
Weekly tuttests: The weekly tuttests will be written in person at the end of the tutorial sessions on Thursdays. The test
will be on the work covered in the tutorial.
Pracs and prac reports: The practicals will be done using CST Microwave Studio or the lab equipment. Following the
practical, you will have to write a report and submit it before the given deadline using the appropriate submission
widget. The submission deadlines will be strictly adhered to, and no late- or emailed submissions will be accepted.
Kindly note that due to ECSA requirements, all practicals have to be completed. If you cannot attend the practical
session due to e.g. illness, you still have to complete the practical in your own time and submit the report.
Important Note: Everything you receive a mark for will count towards your semester mark. A zero mark will be awarded
for any tasks/tut tests/online tests that are not completed.
Schedule:
The schedule for the semester is as follows:
(Kindly note that this is also subject to change should the need arise!)
Week Week Mon

Content Tut/prac
Submission
Number
Date
Revision:
Cheng Ch. 7
1 18 July Tut Tut test

Notes: CN1-Phasors
Lecture Notes
Plane Waves:
Cheng 8.1
Cheng 8.2
Practical report submission
2 25 July Prac
Cheng 8.3
deadline: 31 July 23:59
Notes: CN2-Lossy
Plane Waves:
Cheng 8.3
3 1 Aug Cheng 8.4

Tut Tut test
Cheng 8.5
Notes: CN2-Lossy Materials
Plane Waves:
Cheng 8.6
4 8 Aug Prac
Cheng 8.2.2
deadline: 14 Aug 23:59
Cheng 8.7
Plane Waves:
5 15 Aug Cheng 8.8

Tut Tut test
Cheng 8.10
Transmission Lines:
6 22 Aug Cheng 9.1

Tut Tut test
Cheng 9.2
Test Week Test Week Test Week Test Week Test Week
Transmission Lines:
7 12 Sept Cheng 9.3

Tut Tut test
Cheng 9.4
Transmission Lines:
Cheng 9.4 (cont.)
8 19 Sept Tut Tut test

Cheng 9.6
Cheng 9.7
Transmission Lines:
Cheng 9.5
9 26 Sept Antennas:
Prac
deadline: 2 Oct 23:59
Cheng 7.4 (revision)
Cheng 11.1
Antennas:
10 3 Oct Tut Tut test
Cheng 11.2
Antennas:
11 10 Oct Cheng 11.3

Tut Tut test
Cheng 11.4
Antennas:
12 17 Oct Prac No submission

Cheng 11.5
Week 1: Introduction and revision of relevant concepts; 18 - 22 July 
This week's content:
This week we are only doing revision! We'll review Maxwell's laws as well as some maths that will be relevant for the
full dynamic application of Maxwell's laws.
Applicable Resources: Cheng: Chapter 7, Lecture Notes, Additional Notes.
Lecture Notes:
Lecture 1 - Introduction and Review of Important Concepts
Lecture 1 - Introduction and Review of Important Concepts (Notability)
Lecture 2 - Introduction to Electromagnetic Waves
Lecture 2 - Introduction to Electromagnetic Waves (Notability)
Lecture 3 - Electromagnetic Waves in the Frequency Domain
Lecture 3 - Electromagnetic Waves in the Frequency Domain (Notability)
Additional Resources:
CN1-Phasors
Wave Function GIF
Dipole Fields GIF
Wave Phasor GIF
[Youtube Video] Divergence and curl: The language of Maxwell
Tutorial:
Tutorial 1 (Assignment)
Task 1 Memo
Tuttest 1 Memo
Week 2: Plane Waves ; 25 - 29 July 
This week's content:
This week we are looking at plane waves. What they are, where they come from, how they look (polarisation) and what
they do when they propogate through lossy materials.
Applicable Resources: Cheng: Chapter 8.1 - 8.3, Lecture Notes, Additional Notes.
Lecture Notes:
Lecture 4 - Plane Waves in Lossless Media Uploaded 25/07/22, 15:53
Lecture 4 - Plane Waves in Lossless Media (Notability) Uploaded 25/07/22, 15:53
Lecture 5 - Polarisation of Plane Waves Uploaded 25/07/22, 15:53
Lecture 5 - Polarisation of Plane Waves (Notability) Uploaded 25/07/22, 15:54
Lecture 6 - Plane Waves in Lossy Materials Part I Uploaded 27/07/22, 14:09
Lecture 6 - Plane Waves in Lossy Materials Part I (Notability) Uploaded 27/07/22, 14:09
Additional Resources:
CN2-Lossy Materials
Dipole-Fields-1
Ex+
Ex-
E and H fields
Linear Polarisation
Right-hand Circular Polarisation
Elliptical Polarisation
[Youtube Video] Taylor series
Task:
This week, we will have a practical in the 4th Floor lab. We will use an electromagnetic simulation software called CST
Microwave Studio. Videos are provided below to assist you with getting started and to set up the simulation for the
practical part.
What to submit for your report:
1. Your calculations for Questions 1-4

2. Question 5d
A sample of questions will be marked by the demis and the mark you receive will count towards your semester mark.
Due date for report submission: Sunday 31 July 23:59
Practical 1 (Assignment)
Task 2 Memo
Introduction to CST
Practical 1 on CST
A little bit more info on how to use CST
Practical 1 (Submission)
Week 3: Plane Waves in Lossy Media ; 1 - 5 August 
What are we doing this week?
This week we are continuing our work on plane waves propagating through lossy media. We'll also introduce concepts
like Group Velocity, which describes the velocity at which packets of waves consisting of different frequencies travel
through lossy media, and The Poynting Vector, which describes power transfer in electromagnetic waves.
Applicable Resources: Cheng: Chapter 8.3 - 8.5, Lecture Notes, Additional Notes.
Lecture Notes:
Lecture 7 - Plane Waves in Lossy Materials Part II
Lecture 7 - Plane Waves in Lossy Materials Part II (Notability)
Lecture 8 - Group Velocity
Lecture 8 - Group Velocity (Notability)
Lecture 9 - The Poynting Vector
Lecture 9 - The Poynting Vector (Notability)
Additional Notes:
Group velocity ug > v
Group Velocity ug < v
Dispersion concept
Task:
Tutorial 2
Tutorial 2 Memo
Tuttest 2 Memo
Week 4: Incidence of Plane Waves at Conducting Boundaries ; 8 - 12 August 

This week we are looking at what happens when plane waves impinge on conducting boundaries from a normal, as well as
an oblique angle.
Applicable Resources: Cheng: Chapter 8.6 - 8.7, Lecture Notes.
Lecture Videos:
Lecture 10 - Normal Incidence at a Plane Conducting Boundary
Lecture Notes:
Lecture 10 - Normal Incidence at a Plane Conducting Boundary
Lecture 10 - Normal Incidence at a Plane Conducting Boundary (Notability)
Lecture 11 - Oblique Incidence of a Plane Wave on a Conducting Boundary Part I
Lecture 11 - Oblique Incidence of a Plane Wave on a Conducting Boundary Part I (Notability)
Additional Notes:
E-field standing wave (orthogonal incidence)
H-field standing wave (orthogonal incidence)
E and H standing waves (orthogonal incidence)
E-field (oblique incidence perpendicular polarisation)
Task:
This week, we will have a practical in the fourth-floor lab. The submission is in the form of a report that must be typed
and uploaded as a pdf document that will be checked for plagiarism using Turnitin. See the instructions on the
assignment to see what must be submitted.
[Update 12 Aug 11:57] Note that I have updated the assignment to clarify some things. I have also uploaded a
document below explaining how to set the material properties, background and boundary conditions. Due to the
confusion, I will extend the report submission deadline for everyone by 2 days.
No late assignments will be accepted.
Due date for Task Submission: Sunday 14 August 23:59 Tuesday 16 August 23:59
Practical 2 [Updated 12/08 11:53]
How to set Material Properties, Background, and Boundary Conditions in CST
How-to with Example for data export for Practical 2
Practical 2 Memo (Theory Part)
Week 5: Incidence of Plane Waves at Dielectric Boundaries ; 15 - 19 August 

This week we are looking at what happens when plane waves impinge on conducting and dielectric boundaries from both a
normal, as well as an oblique angle.
Applicable Resources: Cheng: Chapter 8.7, 8.8 and 8.10, Lecture Notes.
Lecture Notes:
Lecture 12 - Oblique Incidence at a Plane Conducting Boundary Part II
Lecture 12 - Oblique Incidence at a Plane Conducting Boundary Part II (Notability)
Lecture 13 - Normal Incidence at a Plane Dielectric Boundary
Lecture 13 - Normal Incidence at a Plane Dielectric Boundary (Notability)
Lecture 14 - Oblique Incidence on a Dielectric Boundary Part I
Lecture 14 - Oblique Incidence on a Dielectric Boundary Part I (Notability)
Additional Notes:
E-field (oblique incidence parallel polarisation)
Standing Wave Ratio
Total Reflection
Task:
Tutorial 3
Tutorial 3 Memo
Tuttest3 - Memo
Week 6: Transmission Lines ; 22 - 26 August 

This week we are starting our work on transmission lines. We will start with deriving the time-harmonic transmission line
equations parallel plate transmission lines, then generalise these equations for any transmission line. Lastly, we will start
looking at what happens when we apply a load (termination) to a transmission line.
Applicable Resources: Cheng: Chapter 9.1 - 9.4, Lecture Notes.
Lecture Notes:
Lecture 15 - Oblique Incidence at a Dielectric Boundary Part II
Lecture 15 - Oblique Incidence at a Dielectric Boundary Part II (Notability)
Lecture 16 - Parallel Plate Transmission Line Part I
Lecture 16 - Parallel Plate Transmission Line Part I (Notability)
Additional Notes:
Work through Examples 9-1 to 9-5 in Cheng.
Total reflection - Water to air 7 degrees
Task:
Tutorial 4
Tutorial 4 - Memo
Week 7: Terminated Transmission Lines; 12 - 16 September 

This week we are continuing our work on transmission lines. We will start with deriving generalized transmission line
equations, then move on to terminated transmission lines as well as special cases of terminated transmission lines, where
specific lengths of transmission lines have exact outcomes for the impedance seen by the generator.
Applicable Resources: Cheng: Chapters 9.3 and 9.4
Lecture Notes:
Lecture 17 - Parallel Plate TX-line Part II & General TX-line Equations
Lecture 17 - Parallel Plate TX-line Part II & General TX-line Equations (Notability)
Lecture 18 - Terminated Transmission Lines
Lecture 18 - Terminated Transmission Lines (Notability)
Lecture 19 - Special Cases of Terminated TX-Lines
Lecture 19 - Special Cases of Terminated TX-Lines (Notability)
Additional Notes:
Work through Examples 9-5, 9-6 and 9-7 in Cheng.
Task:
Tutorial 5
Tutorial 5 Memo
Tuttest Memo (week 7)
Week 8: Transmission Line Terminations and The Smith Chart ; 19 - 23 September 

This week we are continuing our work on transmission lines. We'll wrap up generalized transmission line terminations and
we'll start using the Smith Chart to do some basic transmission line calculations.
Kindly note that you will need a compass and a protractor (passer en gradeboog in Afrikaans) for this part of the course.
Applicable Resources: Cheng: Chapter 9.4, 9.6
Lecture Notes:
Lecture 20 - General Transmission Line Terminations
Lecture 20 - General Transmission Line Terminations (Notability)
Lecture 21 - The Smith Chart
Lecture 21 - The Smith Chart (Notability)
Lecture 22 - Transmission Line Calculations with the Smith Chart
Lecture 22 - Transmission Line Calculations with the Smith Chart (Notability)
Additional Notes:
Work through Examples 9-13 to 9-20 in Cheng.
Standing Wave on a Transmission Line
Blank Smith Chart
Task:
Please print out a few blank Smith Charts and bring them along to the tut session!
Tutorial 6
Tutorial 6 Memo
Week 9: Impedance Matching and Bounce Diagrams ; 26 - 30 September 

This week we are finishing up our work on transmission lines. We'll be doing impedance matching with transmission line
stumps in series or parallel and we'll look at how transients (pulses) behave when they travel along transmission lines, and
what happens when they encounter a mismatched load.
Then, we will also be starting with the last section of work for this module - antennas - by reviewing potentials. Potentials
are handy mathematical tools that help us solve Maxwell's equations in regions where there are sources (like when we want
to calculate the radiation pattern of an antenna).
Applicable Resources: Cheng: Chapter 9.7, 9.5, 7.4 and 11.1
Lecture Notes:
Lecture 23 - Impedance Matching
Lecture 23 - Impedance Matching [Notability]
Lecture 24 - Transients on Transmission Lines
Lecture 24 - Transients on Transmission Lines [Notability]
Lecture 25 - Potentials (Static Case)
Lecture 25 - Potentials (Static Case) [Notability]
Additional Notes:
Work through Examples 9-11 in Cheng.
Task:
Please note the following for this week's practical:
The practical component requires the use of the lab equipment. As such, attendance is compulsory.
Also, note that we only have a limited number of 10m coax cables, so have to work in groups of three.
You have to complete the "Preparation" section of the practical beforehand! The practical part makes no sense if
you haven't done the theoretical part first.
Due date for Assignment: 2 October 23:59
Practical 3 (Assignment)
Practical 3 Memo
Week 10: Calculation of Radiation Fields from Antennas ; 3 - 7 October 

This week we are continuing our work on Antennas. We'll be developing the potential functions needed and calculate the
radiation pattern of radiating elements (currents). We'll also define some antenna parameters.
Applicable Resources: Cheng: Chapter 6-3, 7-4, 11-2, 11-3
Lecture Notes:
Lecture 26 - Potentials (Dynamic Case)
Lecture 26 - Potentials (Dynamic Case) [Notability]
Lecture 27 - Radiation from Elemental Dipoles
Lecture 27 - Radiation from Elemental Dipoles [Notability]
Lecture 28 - Antenna Patterns and Antenna Parameters
Lecture 28 - Antenna Patterns and Antenna Parameters [Notability]
Task:
Please print out a few blank Smith Charts and bring them along to the tut session!
Task 10
Task 10 Memo
Week 11: Antenna Parameters and Practical Antennas ; 10 - 14 October 

This week we will be expanding on the work done last week on short dipoles, by stacking a bunch of them end-to-end to
create a thin linear antenna. Then, we will be combining a number of these antennas to form an antenna array. We will briefly
also look at steering the beam of an antenna array by adjusting the phase of each element in the array,
Applicable Resources: Cheng: Chapters 11-4 and 11-5
Lecture Notes:
Lecture 29 - Thin Linear Antennas
Lecture 29 - Thin Linear Antennas [Notability]
Lecture 30 - Antenna Arrays
Lecture 30 - Antenna Arrays [Notability]
Additional Notes:
Work through the following examples in Cheng:
Example 11-1, 11-2, 11-3, 11-4, 11-4, 11-7, 11-8
Task:
Task 11
Task 11 Memo
Week 12: Antenna Arrays ; 17 - 21 October 
Task:
There is no submission this week, but you will have to demonstrate your MATLAB script to a demi for your practical to
be marked as completed!
Practical 4
Practical 4 Memo
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11/23/22, 8:35 PM Course: Elektromagnetika - Electromagnetics - 344

Elektromagnetika - Electromagnetics - 344

Lecturer: Dr Jacki Gilmore

The formal goals/objective of this module are as follows:

Semester Marks: [Updated 21 October 12:53]

Thank you in advance!

Student Feedback Form

A2 Feedback: [Updated 22 November 15:37]

Class average: 56%

A3 Information: [Updated 10 November 12:00]

A3 General info and instructions

Study Guide - English

The contact sessions will be used as follows:

(Kindly note that these arrangements might change at short notice!)

Day and Time Activity Venue

Mondays 09:00 Lecture A204

Tuesdays 09:00 Lecture A303B

Wednesdays 09:00 Lecture Jan Mouton 1013

Tutorial or Practical (check A303B (tut) or 4th floor lab

Online Pink Form

If you need to miss a contact session:

Weekly Tasks/Class Tests/Pracs (contributions to the semester mark):

Week Week Mon

1 18 July Tut Tut test

3 1 Aug Cheng 8.4

Notes: CN2-Lossy Materials

5 15 Aug Cheng 8.8

6 22 Aug Cheng 9.1

7 12 Sept Cheng 9.3

Cheng 9.4 (cont.)

8 19 Sept Tut Tut test

10 3 Oct Tut Tut test

11 10 Oct Cheng 11.3

12 17 Oct Prac No submission

Week 1: Introduction and revision of relevant concepts; 18 - 22 July 

This week's content:

Applicable Resources: Cheng: Chapter 7, Lecture Notes, Additional Notes.

Lecture 1 - Introduction and Review of Important Concepts

Lecture 1 - Introduction and Review of Important Concepts (Notability)

Lecture 2 - Introduction to Electromagnetic Waves

Lecture 2 - Introduction to Electromagnetic Waves (Notability)

Lecture 3 - Electromagnetic Waves in the Frequency Domain

Lecture 3 - Electromagnetic Waves in the Frequency Domain (Notability)

Wave Function GIF

Dipole Fields GIF

Wave Phasor GIF

[Youtube Video] Divergence and curl: The language of Maxwell

Week 2: Plane Waves ; 25 - 29 July 

This week's content:

Lecture 4 - Plane Waves in Lossless Media Uploaded 25/07/22, 15:53

Lecture 4 - Plane Waves in Lossless Media (Notability) Uploaded 25/07/22, 15:53

Lecture 5 - Polarisation of Plane Waves Uploaded 25/07/22, 15:53

Lecture 5 - Polarisation of Plane Waves (Notability) Uploaded 25/07/22, 15:54

Lecture 6 - Plane Waves in Lossy Materials Part I Uploaded 27/07/22, 14:09

Right-hand Circular Polarisation

[Youtube Video] Taylor series

What to submit for your report:

1. Your calculations for Questions 1-4

Due date for report submission: Sunday 31 July 23:59

A little bit more info on how to use CST

Week 3: Plane Waves in Lossy Media ; 1 - 5 August 

What are we doing this week?

Lecture 7 - Plane Waves in Lossy Materials Part II