LAYERS OF THE

EARTH
Crust
◦The crust is the solid rock layer that makes up the
outermost portion of the earth.

◦It is 5 km thick on the ocean floor,where it is known as

the oceanic crust but 35 km thick on
continents,where it is called the Continental crust.

◦May be continental(mostly made up of granite) or

oceanic (mostly made up of basalt)
Mantle
◦The mantle is located below the crust which
stretches to a depth of about 2 890 km before
reaching the core.

◦The temperature of mantle is 1000°C

◦Mantle is made up of magnesium and iron

silicates
The outer core
◦The outer core extends 2 266 km while the inner
core is 1220 km thick and more than 6 200 km
below the surface of the earth.The temperature
increases as we go deeper into the Earth’s
layers.

◦The temperature of outer core is 3 600°C.

◦Outer core composed of liquid iron and nickel

The inner core
◦The inner core consists of molten rock
called magma,the same material that is
ejected from erupting volcanoes.

◦The temperature of inner core is 3 600°C

◦It is composed of solid iron and nickel

◦Seismologist (scientists
who study the
propagation of seismic
waves in Earth) use
earthquakes to “see”
within the Earth.
◦When earthquakes
occurs,seismic energy
radiates from the focus
(point in the rock’s zone of
weakness where the
breaking first starts)as
seismic waves.
◦The seismic waves pass
through the interior of the
earth called body
waves,which are classified
into primary or P-waves
and secondary or S-
waves.
 The difference between the Primary
or P waves and secondary or S-
waves
P-waves S-waves
◦Only pass ◦Can pass
through solid through both
material and solid and liquid
travel faster in layers.
solid layers than
in liquid ones.
◦The speed by which these waves travel
and reach the Earth’s surface depends
on the layer through which they pass
and on the layer bounderies.

◦Sudden increase or decrease in the

wave speed as detected by
seismographs marks changes in the
properties of layers.
THANK YOU!
QUIZ TIME!
1.What are the 4 types of layers.

2.What are the 2 types of crust.

3.The ____ consists of molten rock called magma.

4.The temperature _____ as we go deeper into the

Earth’s layer.

5.The Inner core consists of molten rock called ____.

6.Seismologist use ____ to see within the Earth.

7.Point in the rock’s zone of weakness where the

breaking first starts.

8.When earthquakes occur,______ radiates from the

focus as _____.

9.What are the 2 types of seismic waves.

10.Based on the number 9,what is the difference

between the 2 types of seismic waves.
ANSWERS
1.Crust,mantle,Inner core,outer core

2.Oceanic crust and continental crust

3.Inner core

4.Increase

5.Magma
6.Earthquake

7.Focus or Epicenter

8.Seismic energy and seismic waves

9.Primary waves and secondary waves or P-

waves and S-waves

10.P-waves only pass through solid material and

S-waves pass through both solid and liquid layers
GOODJOB!