05 - Teleprotection and Weak Infeed

Distance Protection
Tele-protection and
weak infeed
©
Siemens AG 2006
Selectivity in distance protection,
Teleprotection is the solution
Normal setting: X1 = 0.85 XL
1 2
15% 70% 15%
Faults in this area Faults in this area are tripped Faults in this area
are from both sides in first-zone are tripped from
tripped from side 2 time side 2 in t2
in t2
Faults on approximately 70% of the line length are cleared

without delay at both line ends
Faults in the remaining 30% of the line length

are cleared with a time delay.
Remedy: Exchange of information between the two line ends
Required: Communication channel (PLC, microwave radio, fibre optic, etc.)

Teleprotection logic (dedicated device or internal
function in numerical protection devices)
©
Siemens AG 2006
Page 2 Jul-06 Power Transmission and Distribution
Teleprotection Schemes
Permissive Underreach PUTT

Permissive Overreach POTT
Blocking
Unblocking
©
Siemens AG 2006
7SA522 - Teleprotection Schemes
Configuration
©
Siemens AG 2006
Application of Teleprotection Schemes
PUTT POTT Blocking Unblocking

Middle + long lines Pref. short lines All lines with EHV-lines with
with FS-Carrier with FS-Carrier AM-Carrier FS-Carrier.
or FO (2-Ph coupling) (less reliable Continuous signal
FO or MW channel) sending necessary
(must be admissible)
If second zone Only forward Reverse looking No reverse looking
tripping for near end overreaching zone blocking zone (fast) blocking zone
faults not allowed. necessary additionally necessary
Not applicable to necessary
lines with weak in
feed.
Simple logic!
Complex logic!
Current reversal
guide No monitoring of the
ECHO-logic AM-channel!
(WI-logic)
PUTT - Permissive Under-reach Transfer Trip POTT - Permissive Overreach Transfer Trip
©
Siemens AG 2006
Permissive underreach transfer trip (PUTT)
A Z1(A) B Z 1B(A)
Z 1B(B) Z 1(B)
Z1 Z1
TS trans- trans- TS
(A) (B)
T1 mit mit T1
Z1B Z1B
T1B T1B
(A) & OR Trip &
Trip OR (A)
Further Further
zones re- re-
zones
ceive ceive
TS
©
Siemens AG 2006
Permissive overreach transfer trip (POTT)
A Z1(A) B Z 1B(A)
Z 1B(B) Z 1(B)
Z1B Z1B
T1B trans- trans- T1B
OR OR TS
(A) & TS mit mit & (B)
& &
OR Trip Trip OR Z1 or
Z1 or
further re- further
re-
zones ceive zones
ceive
TS
©
Siemens AG 2006
Blocking
A Z1(A) B Z1B (A) FD (A)

FD (A)
FD (B) Z1B (B) FD (B)

Z1(B)
d d
dt
(u,i) dt
(u,i)
(A) 40 ms 40 ms (B)
Forw. Forw.
(A) (B)
TS ≥1 transm. transm. ≥1 TS
FD & & FD
(A) (B)
TV TV
Z1B Z1B
& &
T1B ≥1 ≥1 T1B
(A) trip trip
(B)
Z1 or Z1 or
further further
zones rec. rec. zones
TS
TV
©
Siemens AG 2006
Unblocking
A Z1 (A) B Z1B (A)
Z1B (B) Z1(B)
Z1B Z1B
fU fU
T1B T1B
TS ≥1 transm. f f0 transm.
≥1 TS
(A) & 0 & (B)
& ≥1 &
≥1 trip trip
Z1 or Z1 or
further further
zones U U zones
Unblock- Unblock-
B rec. rec. B
logic logic
f0 – Off frequency (monitoring frequency) U – Unblocking signal

fU – Unblock frequency (send frequency) B – Blocking signal
TS
©
Siemens AG 2006
Phase segregated Teleprotection
2 2 L2-E
Z1B Z1
1
L1-E
1
A B
Z1 Z1B
A1 trips single-phase in L1 with a phase-segregated L1-receive-signal

⇒ Maximum of Selectivity
Note: 3 binary channels for both directions are required or one serial link
©
Siemens AG 2006
Teleprotection with three-terminal lines
Software provides
teleprotection of three-
terminal lines without
additional logic
©
Siemens AG 2006
Teleprotection via serial remote relay interface
PUTT and POTT schemes available: “plug and protect”

Echo, weak infeed trip and direct trip
Phase segregated
Communication prepared for 2 or 3 terminal lines
Transmission of operational measured values from the remote
end(s)
28 remote signals can be configured in addition to the
teleprotection scheme
Number of remote relay interfaces: 7SA522 -> 2 7SA6 -> 1
©
Siemens AG 2006
>
Communication topology: Ring and Chain
Automatic change from

side 2 side 2 closed ring to chain, if side 2
one connection is lost
or not available
side 3
side 3
side 1 side 1 side 1
2 terminal line 3 terminals: Closed ring 3 terminals: Chain
©
Siemens AG 2006
Familiar with digital communication networks
Features of the relay to relay communication
Synchronous data transmission by HDLC- protocol

Permanent supervision of the data transmission
Very high security with 32 bit check sum giving a hamming
distance of 8
Measurement and display of signal transmission time
Relay counts number of invalid telegrams:
If transmission failure rate is too high the teleprotection
scheme will be blocked -> switching to normal zone grading
Settings for the data transmission:
64 kBit/s, 128 kBit/s or 512 kBit/s
Communication device addresses
Protection devices are clearly assigned to a defined
protection section
Detection of unwanted reflected data in the loops in
communication network
Data reflection for test purposes settable
©
Siemens AG 2006
Relay to Relay Communication
New FO modules for the protection data interfaces

New !
O ST-
1.5 km / 0,93 miles
FO 5 820 nm
connector Multimode / 8dB 1) up to 100 km
internal
FO 17 25 km / 15,53 miles
O LC- 1300 nm
3.5 km / 2,17 miles
FO 6 O ST- 820 nm
connector Monomode / 13 dB1)
connector
Multimode / 16 dB 1)
internal
internal
FO 18 60 km / 37,27 miles
O LC- 1300 nm
FO 7 O ST-
10 km / 6,21 miles
1300 nm
connector
Monomode / 7 dB 1)
internal
internal
100 km / 62,11 miles
35 km / 21,74 miles
1300 nm FO 19
O LC- 1550 nm
FO 8 O FC- Monomode / 18 dB 1)
connector
internal
internal 1) Permissive path attenuation
©
Siemens AG 2006
Transient Blocking for Permissive Schemes
©
Siemens AG 2006
Echo and Trip in case of no-infeed or weak-infeed
Echo function
and Weak-infeed
or no-infeed trip
z Echo feature for comparison or blocking modes to

achieve fast tripping at the line end with strong infeed
z Tripping in case of no-infeed or weak-infeed (single or

three pole)
©
Siemens AG 200617.10.97
en513ase1
Weak Infeed Echo Logic
Receive
Signal
No Distance
Pick-up
©
Siemens AG 2006
Echo and Tripping
in case of no-infeed or weak-infeed
Configuration
Settings
Matrix
The receive signal is derived from :

and
*Three-terminal schemes are supported as well
Phase segregated weak-infeed tripping
Note: The echo signal must be routed in

addition to the send signal on the
transmission signal contact
! 17.10.97
en513ase2
©
Siemens AG 2006
Overreach zone setting for POTT and Unblocking
incorrect! Reverse
looking Z1B(A)
zone (A)
Z1B(B) B Reverse
A looking
zone (B)
correct
©
Siemens AG 2006
Distance Relay Zone Setting (without Teleprotection)
Multi-terminal Lines
Setting of the overreaching zones (FACTOR TWO FORMULA) (1)

The overreaching zones should at least see a fault near the farest line-end of the multi-terminal line
Fault
ZAC C ZBC
IA IA+ID
A B
RA
ID
ZCD
ZBC > ZAC and ZBC >ZCD
RD
For example, a fault at B should at least be seen by Relay RA or RD. If one relay trips, the
other relay will also see the fault and trip because the intermediate infeed at point C is
removed.
©
Siemens AG 200615.10.97
engerdis20

05 - Teleprotection and Weak Infeed

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05 - Teleprotection and Weak Infeed

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Distance Protection

Normal setting: X1 = 0.85 XL

15% 70% 15%

Faults on approximately 70% of the line length are cleared

Faults in the remaining 30% of the line length

Remedy: Exchange of information between the two line ends

Required: Communication channel (PLC, microwave radio, fibre optic, etc.)

 Permissive Underreach PUTT

PUTT POTT Blocking Unblocking

A Z1(A) B Z1B (A) FD (A)

FD (B) Z1B (B) FD (B)

A Z1 (A) B Z1B (A)

Z1B (B) Z1(B)

f0 – Off frequency (monitoring frequency) U – Unblocking signal

A1 trips single-phase in L1 with a phase-segregated L1-receive-signal

PUTT and POTT schemes available: “plug and protect”

Automatic change from

side 1 side 1 side 1

2 terminal line 3 terminals: Closed ring 3 terminals: Chain

Synchronous data transmission by HDLC- protocol

New FO modules for the protection data interfaces

z Echo feature for comparison or blocking modes to

z Tripping in case of no-infeed or weak-infeed (single or

The receive signal is derived from :

*Three-terminal schemes are supported as well

Phase segregated weak-infeed tripping

Note: The echo signal must be routed in

Setting of the overreaching zones (FACTOR TWO FORMULA) (1)

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Permissive Underreach PUTT