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VOCABULARY,

8 I# * g *t *
HORACE W. CARPENTER
GONDI GRAMMAR
AND

VOCABULARY

BY

REV. H. D. WILLIAMSON, M.A.,

CHURCH MISSIONARY SOCIETY, MANDLA, C.P.

LONDON :

SOCIETY FOR PROMOTING CHRISTIAN KNOWLEDGE,

NOBTHrMBERLAND AVENUE, CHARING CROSS, W.C.
 LONDON .'

PRINTED BY GILBERT AND RIVINGTON, LIMITED.

ST. JOHN'S HOUSE, CLERKENWELL ROAD.
 GONDI GEAMMAB.

THE NOUN.

Gender. The masculine gender in Gondi is

used simply for the names of males all other

:

objects may be spoken of as neuter or feminine.

It is difficult to decide under which name non-
masculine nouns should be grouped ;
if the lan-

guage be viewed from the stand-point of its

neighbour, Hindi, they should be called feminine,
but as one of the Dravidian languages it is more
natural perhaps to view them as neuter.
Number. There are two numbers, singular
and plural : dual does not exist in Gondi.
Formation of the plural.
Rules. (1) Add op k to the singular; ex., cffTc

kdl, a foot, plural cRT^S kdl~k, feet.

(2) Add ^*T ang to the singular, if the word
ends with a long vowel, especially after double
consonants ; ex., fqj pitte, a bird, plural fqjJT pit-
(eng, birds;*TJT mattd, a mountain, plural *rin

mattdng, mountains.
(3) If the word in the singular ends with the

M80107S,
 GONDI GRAMMAR.

consonant T r after a long vowel, the T r usually

becomes |r hk ; ex., fir^m; midr, a daughter, p]j^al
ffl^TT^ midlik, daughters.
N B. A few which end with long vowels add
3? hk in the plural, at the same time shortening
the vowel ; ex., JTTITST mdyju, wife, plural TT^^
mdyjulik, wives.

Exceptions to the above rules :

alii,a rat, plural ^f^$ alk, rats.

marri, a son, plural J^ mark, sons.

sarri, a road, plural ^r^ sar~k, roads.

The affix
^T^ ware, people, plural crn"% wdrerJc,
people.
cjj^ kalle, a thief, plural of?^^ Itallerli, thieves.

uy father, plural ^TT^i, ddulk, fathers.

puriy an insect, plural TT5R" purk, insects.

mdmd, father-in-law, plural *rT*!T^

mdmdl, fathers-in-law.

sirij a parrot, plural fff^fi sirk, parrots.

Declension. Changes of the noun preparatory

to forming the root for declension :

(1) Some add the case- termination to the

simple unaltered word ; ex., fttet pindi, flour, fif^

ITT pindi td, of flour.

(2) Some drop the final letter before the case-

termination ; ex., sff*rt dongur, jungle, TfncTT don-
 GONDI GRAMMAR,.

gutd, of the jungle ; T*fa ron, a house, ^ftcf rote, in

arouse.
(3) Some drop the last two letters before the
case-termination ; ex., XHT*T pdtdng, songs,

pdtdnd, of songs ; H^rn mattdng, mountains,

matt and, of mountains.

Rules for Declension.

(1) Nouns which form their plural in cF k or |r

lik add to the root :

Singular. Plural.

Genitive, fftr; tor, WfSff tork, "ffac nor, rfVafr nork,

"fit td, iff 7! tang. rfi nd, ITTT ndny.
Dat. & Ace.. ' rTrf
^3
tun.

Locative, w te. ^ ne.

Ablative, WT<^ tdl.

Prep, root, K t.

The following, with many other words, follow

this rule :

*TTl mard, a cow ; <*T leng, a voice ; ^?^ alii,

a ^TT; pungdr, a flower; ^FTcJ ndngel, a

rat:

plough; ip.c? mendul, a body; ^ITT ar, a woman;

^ft*T roTi, a house ;
Tf^TT dongur, jungle ; TO mes,
an egg ; ^^5 net, a field ;
^t kurr, a hen ; TTt^

^oZ, skin ; xfft pir, the stomach ; *njf sarri, a road ;

"5fTC ndr, a field.

^^ notice (a) In rf<55 t/eZ, ofit kurr, and
B 2
 GONDI GRAMMAtt.

tol, the 7f t of the inflection becomes d, for the

sake of euphony ; as T^ nede,

(ft) In TRT sam', the same change is usually

made ;
as ^T^ sarde, ^T^T sardor.

(c) In xffa pir and fflT ndr, the w t of the in-

flection is hardened into t t ; as TJ^ p-//e, iTR ndte.
N.B. "^TT ^i<ir also makes a genitive singular
ndenor*

(2) A large class of nouns, chiefly ending in

dl, change ?f t, the first letter of the usual
case inflection, into rf n : the case forms thus
becoming :

Singular. Plural.

Genitive, nor, nork, The plural re-

rfT nd, ndng. maining as above,
Dat. & Ace., n. except that there
Locative, ne. is a vocative.

Ablative, ndl.

Prep, root, n.

Vocative,

So the following :
mdrsdl, a man ;

pergdl, a boy; munjdl, a monkey;

bildl, a cat ; arjdl, a bear ;

gadhdl, a donkey, &c.

:
^ift pergi, a girl ; *rtf mam, a son ;
 GONDI GRAMMAR.

myu a wife ; kalle, a thief ;

midr, a daughter ; seldr, a sister ; TTc^ tali,

a cow ; Tn*TT tammur, a brother ; tffni phdpe, a
butterfly.
(3) Nouns which form their pluralby adding
^frl ang to the singular, have nung and "^ ^ for
rfij

their case-inflections of the dat. and ace. plural,

and plural prepositional root.
So the following: ^rrlft &ki a y leaf; xjTTT pdtd,
a song fqj ^i//e,
;
a bird; HJT mattd, a mountain;
"S^T chhouwd. a child; tp=f panne, a frog; t^paddi,
a pig ; Tj^ nanni, the loins ofi^ft kaM, iron; ^#
;

dudun, the breasts; cirtTT A:om a horse; ^TT^ s^r/,

bread ^r*ff arm/, a buffalo, &c.
;

Some examples of the declensions of nouns, to

illustrate the above rules, are here given :

Singular. Plural.

Nominative, tammur, a tammurk.

brother.

Genitive, tammunor, tammurk-

-nork. tTT nor, -nork,
-nd, ilf7! -ndng.
Dat. & Ace. tammun. tammurkun.
Locative, tammunte. IfWTcfcvf tammur kne.
~\

Ablative, tammunse. oR^TTc$ tammurk-

tam-
muntdl.
 GONDI GRAMMAR.

Singular. Plural.

Prep, root, tammun, tammurk.

Vocative, tammuni. tammunit.

N.B. The four forms of the genitive are used

respectively when the governing word is in the
masc. sing., fern, sing., masc. plural, and fern,

plural.

Singular. Plural.

Nominative, ^t^T chhouwd, a chhouwdng

child.

Genitive, i(t^TrfH chhouwd- chhouwa-

tor, rftljf -tork, nor, Tfl^R -nork,
HTT -tang.
cTT td,
Dat. & Ace. "STTnnT chhouwd-
\>
chhouwd-
tun. nung.
Locative, "S^^Tff chhouwdte. chhouwdne.
Ablative, ^5 chhouwd-
tdl, '^'^m chhou- ndl.

wdse.

Prep, root, chhouwd. chhouwdn.

Vocative, chhouwdni. chhouwd-

Nominative, mdyju, a wife. mdyjuak.

Genitive, mayjunor, mdyju-
-nork, TT

-nd, TftT ndng.

 GONDI GEAMMAE.

Singular Plural.

Dat. & Ace. JTHTSPT mdyjun.

Cv ^Rrf mdyjua-
Jcun.

Locative, THR^f mdyjune. myju-

akne.

Ablative, JTTST THT 35 md yj u n dl, may-

TT*rsnTO mdy- juakndl, *TPT5n-

junse. oTO mdyjuakse.

1

Prep, root, mdyjun. tofi mdyjuak.

Vocative, mdyjuni. mdyjunit.

Nominative, ddu, brother daulk.

(in a general
sense) .

Genitive, ddunor, "fftclf ^ daulknor,

-nork, TT nd, -nork, ftf

ndng. "^t7!
ndng.
Dat. & Ace. ddun. ddulkun.

Locative, ^ ddune. ddulkne.

Ablative, ddundl, ^T- ^ddulkndlj

ddulkse.

Prep, root, ddun. ddulkun.

Vocative, ddunit.

THE PEONOUN.
Personal Pronouns.

Singular. Plural.
T I

Nominative, nanna, I. mammdt*

 GONDI GRAMMAR.

Singular. Plural.

Genitive, ndwor, mdwor

mdwork,
ndwd } "JTT^T 1! na-

wdng. ivdng.
Dat. & Ace. ndkun, ^T^F widlcwn,,
ndk (uncom- mdk (uncom-
mon). mon).
Locative, ndte. mate.

Ablative, ndtdl, mdwdtdl,

ndse.

Prep, root, nd. ma.

Nominative, imma. Thou.

immdr.
Genitive, nwor, miwor, tft-

niworky miwor~k,
niwd, miwd, wt-
niwdng. mivjdng.
Dat. & Ace. nikun, milmn, iffa
nik (uncom- (uncom-
mon). mon).
Locative, nite.

Ablative, niwdtdl,
nise

Prep, root,
1

n*
 GONDI GRAMMAR. 9

Singular. Plural.

Nominative, or, He. ork.

Genitive, onor, orknor,

onork, ^ftrfi ond,
ondng.
nd y ^ft'lRT7! orfc-

ndng.
Dat. & Ace. orkun.

Locative, one. or~kne.

Ablative, onse. orkndl.

Prep, root, on. orlmn.

Nominative, She, It. au.

Genitive, addenor, ft^ awehknor,

knork,

awehkndng.
tanor,

A:, &c., or
,

awenar,
awendrk
&c.
Dat. & Ace. rTR ^an, ^T^rf acZ- awehkun.
den, ^T^iT aw en.
Locative, ^f^T awete. awehkne.
10 GONDI GRAMMAR.

Ablative,

Prep, root,
 GONDI GRAMMAR. 11

'Dat. & Ace. inr ten, idden. iwehJcun.

Locative, ^T iwete. iwehkne.

Ablative, Tf'TO tense, ^ iwelikndl.

iddense.

Prep, root, ihf ten, 3^T idden. iwehk.

The demonstrative pronouns Wft or, that (mas-

culine); and ^n* ad, that (fern, and neuter); are
declined as the personal pronouns Wft or, he, and
^ ad, she, it. When
used with nouns, however,
theyare not declined; ex., UT Tf^^TT^t ermdnrsdlor
"of this man"; ^' id ndtenor "of this vil-

lage"

Indefinite Pronouns.

Singular. Plural.

Nominative, C bore, Anyone

(masculine).
Genitive, bonore,
bonai.
Dat. & Ace. bonai.

Locative, borete. Unused.

Ablative, bonaise.

Prep, root, bonai.

Nominative, badde, Anyone

(feminine) any-
thing.
12 GONDI GRAMMAR.

Singular. Plural.

Genitive, badenor,
badend.
Dat. & Ace. badene.

Locative, bawete. Unused.

Ablative, badense.

Prep, root, badene.

Undeclinable :
sablii, every.
amuhach, a few.
walle, many.
bdrai, something.

Interrogative Pronouns.

Singular. Plural.

Nominative, lor, who ?

(masculine).
Genitive, honor,
~bonork,

bond, bo-

ndng. Unused.
Dat. & Ace. bon.

Locative, bawete.

Ablative, bondl.

Prep, root, bon.

^ bad, Who ? (feminine) Which ? is declined

similarly to ^T ad. ^^ batti, What ? (neuter) is

only used in the nominative case.

 GONDI GRAMMAR. 13

N.B. Distinction between ^^ batti and

bar an and ^TQ bdl, all meaning What ?

^ft batti is used with a noun ; ex.,

^TUfte batti natal ivdtir, from what village have you
come ?

^TCT bdrdn is used alone as What ? or is placed

at the beginning of a sentence to make it inter-

rogative; ex., ^ITi ^**U ^T ^nftrft bdrdn immd

iden inddtoni, dost thou say this ?

^Tcjy bdl is an accusative case ; ex., TTc ~3RW\

bal ~kekiy what wilt thou do ?

"Relative Pronouns.

The interrogative pronoun ^fa bor supplies the

want of a relative pronoun, and the demonstrative
or that of a correlative ; ex., ^^rf ^?^ lft-

^^T W^T V^T "^T^T: borun iliune kindke pannir

or dlianya dndur, he shall be blessed whom he
shall find so doing.

N.B. The Hindi relative pronoun sft jo cor-

rupted into fN Jon is also in common use.

ADJECTIVES.

The number of adjectives in Gondi is very

small,most being supplied in a more or less cor-
rupted form by Hindi. They are not affected by
number case or gender; ex.,
14 GONDI GRAMMAR.

id bachltd pohtd dnd, this load is heavy ; *T% WT3-

^TT^W ^ir ^JTc* erk mdrsdlork walle dhongal
^^|%
dndurk, these men are very tall.

Hindi adjectives, when used, if ending in ^d

change the WT d into ^ft o ; ex., TCT burd, evil,
becomes ^T\ buro; TFRT sund empty, ?nft suno.

Participial adjectives are fairly numerous, ending

almost always in ^TTc<5 dl ; ex., thr?rT<? pdihatdl,
rent ; ^TT^ wattdl, dry ; xn^^T^ pdhndl, wet.
Comparison of adjectives is formed by the ad-
dition of ^
ure for the comparative, and
sabtdl or ^^H sabse for the superlative ; ex.,

sanghro, dense; "31? ^fft ure sanghro, more dense;

TOHH35 ^rft sabtdl sanghro , most dense.
1

NUMERALS.

The Gond language only possesses numerals of

its own up to ten ; originally had more, no
if it

trace of them is anywhere to be found. Above

ten the Hindi equivalents are used. In the
Mandla, Jubbulpore, and Balaghat Districts, for
which alone I can speak, the Gondi forms for
eight and nine have also become obsolete, but I
give them below on the authority of the Rev. J.
Dawson's vocabulary in the Journal of the Asiatic

Society of Bengal.
 GONDI GRAMMAR. 15

undi, one. ^nfi? sdrung, six.

randy two. T^IT yerung, seven.

e\

mund, three. armur, eight.

^y:
1

ndlung, four. 37*n oF unmak, nine.

sdiyung, five. xj^ j?a^ ten.

The Gondi numerals T^3 ra/ic? and *??!?

c\
mund
when used as plural substantives are declined j

ex. t7^fft rantenor or T^'TtT randenor, of the two;

*fr?bT muntenung, the three.

THE VERB.

The Gond Verb is well supplied with Moods

and Tenses.

Of Moods, it possesses indicative, subjunctive,

potential, inceptive, imperative, and infinitive,

besides participles past and present.

Of Tenses, it possesses present, perfect, plu-

perfect, imperfect, past, future, paulo-post future,

and indefinite imperfect.

The conjugation of the verb ofi^nn Mdnd is

given below in full.

16 GONDI Gil AM MAE.

The Verb kidnd, to do (Hindi

Eoot cftf ki.

INDICATIVE MOOD.
Present Tense (H. 1

Singular. Plural.
1st per. Gfi^^TTrfTTT

nannd kidtond mammdt Mdtoram

2nd ^mi srffanfrfl
1

*
per. ^^TTT ^rteiTfftrte
immd Mdtoni immdt Mdtorit
3rd per. ^fa cfrNTTrTlT ^^ ^ft^TrftW
masc. or Tddtor orfc Mdtork.
3rd per. ^ S^rRftT
fern, or neut. ad kidtd a^ Tddtdng

Perfect Tense (H/

Singular. Plural.
1st per. rp^r ctftrVhTT cfftflkH

nannd kitond mammdt kitoram.

2nd per. ^WIT ctffaftrft *$WK t*ft rfhfe *
immd kitoni immdt kitorit.
3rd per. ^fft ciftrfti: cjftfft^

masc. or kitor "kitork.

3rd per. ^ ojftflT

fern, or neut. ad kitd m Mtdng.

* The Z of the 2nd person plural very be-
final t commonly
comes T r.
 GONDI GRAMMAR. 17

Pluperfect Tense (^7

Singular. Plural.

1st per.
nannd Msi mat- mamma t ~kisi mat-
tond. tor am.

2nd per.
immd Msi mattoni. immdt Msi
torit.

3rd per. ?ft

masc. or Msi mattor. Msi maitork.

3rd per. ^
oft^ft TWT

fern, orneut. ad Msi mattd. du Msi mattdng.

Imperfect Tense (H.^ offtin

Singular. Plural.

1st per.
nannd Mnddn. mammdt Mndom.
2nd per.
immd Mndi. immdt Mndit.
3rd per. ^fft
^fttpc clf^^
masc. or Mndur* Mndurk.
3rd per.
fern, or neut. ad Mnd. aw kindung.

* The final % t of the 2nd person plural very commonly be-

comes "3 r.
18 GONDI GRAMMAE.

Past Tense (H.l^ fcfrqr).

Singular. Plural.

1st per. stfiita

nannd Mtdn. mammdt kitom.

2nd per.
immd kiti. immdt kitir.

3rd per. ifa

masc. or Mtur. ork kiturk*
3rd per. ^ grto ^T oF^ff^T

fern, or neut. ad kit. du kitung.

Future Tense (H. ~i} F^Tr).

Singular. Plural.

1st per. cjft^nsjft*?

nannd Mdkd. mammdt kidkom.

2nd per. ^JRT cR^^ITofi^

immd kidki. immdt kidkir.

3rd per. ^T oift^n'gT

masc. or kidnur. ork kidnurk.
3rd per. "^ oRl"^?lT

Jem. or neut. ad kidr. du kidnung.

* contracted into
Commonly ojfcFT ^e^a, keki,
Jcdnur, &c.
 GONDI GRAMMAR. 19

Paulo-Post Future (H. IT fcRilT

Singular. Plural.
1st per.
nannd kisi man- mammdt Msi~man-
ddkd. ddkom.
2nd per.
immd Msi man-
ddki. immdt Msi man-
ddMt.
3rd per.
masc. or Msi manddnur. ork Msi manddnur k
3rd per.
fern, or neut. ad Msi manddr. du Msi manddnung

Indefinite Imperfect (H. "jf effort).

Singular. Plural.
1st per. TT^T c&te^ft R^^*T
nannd kiend. mammdt Merom.
2nd per. ^"Tt GR^T^
immd Meni. immdt Merit.
3rd per. ^fa cjft^T "^rte^
masc. or Mer. MerJc.
3rd per. ^r^ oR^TT
fern, or neut. ad Mwdr. du Mwdng.
* The final t of the 2nd person plural very commonly be-

comes "5 r.

c 2
 GONDI GRAMMAR.

SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD.

Present Tense (H. ^f

Singular. Plural.
1st per.
nannd kidkd. mamma t kidkom.
2nd per. ^TT cjn^rnfl
1

immd kidki. immdt kidkit.

3rd per. ^fa sfihc

masc. or Mr. ork kirk,

3rd per. ^ "aft

fern, or neut. ad ki. du king.

IMPERATIVE MOOD.

(H. -circ; o|f^.)

Singular. PluraL
2nd per.
kirn. kimt.

INFINITIVE MOOD.

(H.

kidnd, Male.

* The final <J t of tho 2nd person plural very be-

commonly
comes 3 1

r.
 GONDI GRAMMAR. 21

PARTICIPLES.

(H. cRW.)

Idsikun.

(H. oFTTT
5*.)

ojftH^ Mteke.

POTENTIAL.

Present Tense (H.lf oFT *?RT t>

c\

1st per. tJ^T ^ft^?T "T^lftrrT

nannd kid paritond, &c.

Perfect Tense (H. It

1st per. t^TT ^fi^N

nannd kid partond, &c.

Pluperfect Tense (H.^f

"

1st per. rer cfi^^T

nannd Md parsi mattond, &c.

Imperfect Tense (H. "If

1st per. rT^T ^ifN

nannd Md parnddn, &c.

22 GONDI GEAMMAE.

Past Tense (H. * C&T

1st per. TT^T ^f}^?T Tr^fTT^r

nannd "kid
partdn, &c.

Future Tense (H. If

1st per. TT^T ^fiNf

nannd Md pardkd, &c.

and regularly through the remaining tenses.

INCEPTIVE.

Present Tense (H.^f

1st per. rf^i '^r'N

nannd Md Idtond, &c.

Imperfect Tense (H. li

1st per. *!^T cir

nannd kid Idtdn, &c.

and regularly through all the tenses.

With the Negative f^ Mile.

The perfect, imperfect, past, future, and in-

definite imperfect tenses of the indicative mood,
when coupled with the negative f*rir hille, are

conjugated thus :
 GONDI GRAMMAR. 23

Singular. Plural.
1st per.
nannd Mile kion. mammdt MlleMom.
2nd pers.
immd hille kewi. immdt Mile kewir.
3rd per.
masc. or Mile Mor. ork Mile Mork.
3rd per. ^t* fsf^T cfftwt 3RT f*T^
fern, or neut. ad Mile Mo. du Mile Mon.
The context will usually determine which of
the above tenses is being used, for example :

^wrr ciftcfofl
1

foF f^W F^t immd kitoni M Mile hewi,

Hast thou done it or not done it.

The pluperfect tense with the negative is con-

jugated as follows :

Singular.

nannd Mile kewdke.

2nd per. ^WT f?ir ^T^
immd Mile kewdke.

and so throughout the singular and plural.

The only other parts of the verb affected by

the addition of the negative are the second per-
sons singular and plural of the imperative mood,

which, with ft^ minne y do not, become ^T kemd

and oFTTT kemdt or "SJffiTS Tcemdr.
24 GONDI GRAMMAR,.

N.B. The present tense of this verb

idndy often appears as oRft^TRTTfaT Mdltond and

Mltondy cfft^TRTfatf Mdltoni, &c.

Conjugation of the verbs 'srnTRT dydnd, and

'

manddnd, both signifying to be/ the

' ' <
latter with the sense of remaining or con-

tinuing to be/

Verb ^?T^rr*TT dydnd, 'to be' (H. "ft^T).

Eoot ^TT d.

PARTICIPLES.

dsi, 'srr^^fT dsikun, ^rr^oF dsoke.

INDICATIVE MOOD.

Present Tense (H. ^rn ^).

Cs.

T dydtond, or

(H.

dsi handdtond.

Imperfect Tense (H. *ftan "^TT or ^X

(generally used as a Present Tense),

^rnt^R dnddn.

Perfect Tense (H. ?T3iT

N*
^)-
C\

dtond.
 GONDI GRAMMAR,. 25

Pluperfect Tense (H.

dsi mattond.

Past Tense (H.

\

dtdn.

Future Tense (H.

^HIhT dydkd.

Paulo-Post Future Tense (H. fV

<is handdkd

Indefinite Imperfect Tense (H.

dyend.

IMPERATIVE MOOD.

(H. <r>.)

dm.

POTENTIAL MOOD.

(H. ^> ^TW).

tjTtrft^T dyd pantond.

INCEPTIVE MOOD.

(H. ^ ^TrH |).

dyd Idtond.
26 GONDI GRAM MAIL

' '
Verb JTr<RT manddnd, to be/ or to remain/

(H. T^rTl). Eoot *R man.

PARTICIPLES.

TR*f\ manjiy vrvft^rf manjikun.

INDICATIVE MOOD.

Present Tense (H. ^). ^"JtftrTT mandond, or

c\

(H. TTin *r). T^Trft^TT manddtond.

c\

Perfect Tense (H. T^T ^). T^tr[T mattond.

Pluperfect Tense (H. T^T "^l).

vfcft T^t^T manji mattond.

Imperfect Tense (H. TfWT ^l). T^T^T mandan.

Past Tense (H. H*T). ^^ ^T^T maryV hattdn.

Future Tense (H. T?Tl).

Cx
^TFT manddM.
Paulo-Post Future Tense (H. T^ TT"^TT).

't'fl' ^"^ToFT manji liandaka.

Indefinite Imperfect Tense (H. TfcTl).

mannend.

IMPERATIVE MOOD.

(H.
 GOND1 GEAMMAE. 27

POTENTIAL MOOD.

(H. T^ *3JT) .

ThrfaT inandd paritond.

INCEPTIVE MOOD.

(H. T^T ^TrfT if

c\
)

mandd Idtond.

Negative tenses of WTrTT dydnd are ^TRfar dyon

and ^T^T^T dwdke ; of T^T^TT manddnd are Jftftif
mannon and JT^Tofi manndke ; and the imperative
1

with fo=f becomes wftfn dyimd and *TW manmd.

Two notes with regard to the Imperative.

(1) The negative form of the imperative does

not necessarily require the firsf minne to be ex-
pressed :
as, for ex., ^?fr[ 'sjfJrre ihune kemdr, Don^t
do so.

(2) In some few verbs an alternative form of

the imperative is prefered, ending in "3R um :

as, for ex., from 7TWRT tattdnd If^f tachchhum,

from Tfr^T^T tanddnd, if 1THT tanrsum ; from tT^T'JTT
nachchdnd, "^^pT nachchhum; from ^TTT^TT, wahtdnd,
wahchum.
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34 GONDI GRAMMAR.

ADVERBS.

Of place.
baggdy where ?

aggd, there.
iggdy here.
TTH ure baggane, elsewhere.
ropdy within.
bdharo, outside.
munne, before.
ijjd, behind.

y above.
siri, beneath.

baggdtdl or ^Tr^TI baggdhard, whence ?

aggdtdl or ^RTTT^^T aggdhard, thence.

iggdtdl or ^TiTT^Tr iggdliard, hence.
laky far.

purity near.
bihke tdl } which way ?

hikke tdl } this way.

Of time.

when ?

1
ie/ ^ to-day.
ingdy now.
indeke, now (emphatically).
TKirz, yesterday.
narkaiy to-morrow.
 GONDT GRAMMAR. 35

jher, late.

bappore, sometimes.
7Tc ingd tdl, henceforth.

Of order, manner, degree, quantity.

bdtaly how ?

ichchore, so much.
bachchore, how much ?

ihune, thus.
nakkd, more^ or much.

Of affirmation and negation.

ing e y yes.
ir AiZZe, no, not.

N*B. The rest are supplied from Hindi.

PREPOSITIONS.

The only true preposition is the word fVn? bigur,

except, adopted from Hindi.

after
Postpositions : fq^rTT pijjd, ;
!T^ nadum,
between; f^ hikke, towards ; ^T^ lane, for (cor-

rupted Hindi); ftnrt siri, under; TRf parro, upon;

^TT lag, as far as (Hindi).
7T te, at, in ; Tc5 tdl, or tdl, from.
Suffixes : iTTc

CONJUNCTIONS.

Connective : ^fftr ani, and; *fti soi, also (Hindi);

bappore, sometimes.
D2
36 GONDI GRAMMAR.

Adversative : "q pe, but.

' '
The Hindi and Urdu words for but are also

in common use.

Conclusive :
^?Trf ihun, thus; ^rf <$T*T iden lane,
therefore.

INTERJECTIONS.

^T are, what ! Oh !
(Hindi); V dhart, be off!
Astonishment is generally expressed by a 'cVck'
of the tongue.
 GONDI GRAMMAR. 37

VOCABULAKY.

English. Gondi. Hindi.

Abandon, v.
pohtdnd,

pohchi sidnd.
Abandoned,^'.
^ft nakkd buro.
Abate, v. i. %Z JfRTRT ghate
mdydnd.
Abate, v. t. re efrNrRT ghate
kidnd.

Abet, v.

kidnd.

Abhor, v. ghinne
mdydnd.
Abide, v. manddnd.
Able (strong), ndlung-
adj. walk.

Absorb, v. !TRT sokhe

Mdnd.
Abundant, adj. nakkd.
Abuse, v. rangina.
38 GONDI GRAMMAR.

English. Gondi. Hindi.

Accelerate, v. jhap
Msehtdnd.

Accept, v. *fiTTTT yetdnd.

Accumulate, v. warp-
ne Mdnd.
Achar tree (Bu< sarekd.
chanania la-

tifolia), n.

Ache, v. noitdnd.

Acid, adj. sawitdl.

Acquire, v.

Mide
Hand. [tal.

Adjoining, adj. sate md-

Admit(allow en- nengi
trance to), v. sidnd.

Advance, v. wirdnd.
Adze, n. tatti.

Affright, v. warrah-
tdnd.

After, prep. pijd. [pijd.

Afterwards, adv. ftlTT idend

Again, adv. ure, ^WC issuTy

ghariksi.
Aged, adj. sendl,
seno.
 GONDI GRAMMAR. 39

English. Gondi. Hindi.

Agree, v.

man ayana.
Ailing, p. part. bijdr.

Air, n. wari.

Alive, adj. fWTc? pistdl.

All, pron. sab.

Alone, adj. waror.

Aloud, adv. TcUtsi.

Also, adv. soi.

Among, prep. nadum.

Ancestors, n. purkhdlk.
Ancient, adj. Tn<5 jundl.
Ancle, n. hurdkdl.

And, conj.

Anger, n. songa.
Ant, n. patte.
large ghogdl.
red sharwatle.
white allum.

Any, pron. we* ^f badde,

Aonla iree(Phflr nalli. [bdrai.

lanthus em-
blicd), n. \_ratud,

Ape, n. _ ^ munjdly
black, n. ^"?^T dharud.
40 GONDI GRAMMAR.

English. Gondi. Hindi.

Apparel, n. dikri.

Appear, v. \ disdnd.

Apply, v.
Idgsah
tdnd.

Archer, n.

kamtd Mdnwdre
Arise, v. teddnd.

Arm-pit, n. hakri.

Army, n.
pendhdri.
Around, prep. $ ndlunge
patti.
Arouse, v. T^rTRT tehtdnd "^TT^TT.

Arrive, v. awwdnd
As, conj. bdhun,
lekd.

Ascend, v.
targdnd
Ashes, n.

Ask, v.
puch-
chhe Mdnd.
Asleep, v,
sunjtdl.
Ass, n.
gadhdl.
Assemble, v. t.

Mdnd.
Astray, adv. R'TrfT^' mdrangtdl
T.^rTT^ rachtdl.
 GONDI GRAMMAR. 41

English. Gondi. Hindi.

At, prep. -TT -te. [tdl.

A thirst, adv. yetJc as-

Attire, v. ponr-
sahtdnd.

Await, v. posdnd
Awake, v. i. chdile

may and.
Axe, n. mars,
tangiyd.
(for defence) tabili.

Babo, n. chJiouwd. "^TTT

Back, n. murchul.
Backbone, n rfr righari.
Bag, n. batud.

Bake, v. surrdnd.

Balance, n. takkari.

Bale, v. rosMnd,

Mdnd.
Bamboo, n. waddur.
(split up) paliki.
Bank, n.

ti, Hf IT mongd.
Bar, v. muchhdnd.
42 GONDI GRAMMAR.

English. Gondi. Hindi.

Bar tree (Ficus bereli.

Indica), n.
Barbati (Sama- clianai.

ra robusta], n.

Bark (of a tree), toll

Bark, v. [n. wvuhchind.

Barren, adj. banjwdl.

Basket, n. sikosi.

Bat, n. t chuchun.

Bathe, v.

Mdnd.
Be, v. dydndy
manddnd.
Bead, n. panne, xfWt po-
Bean, n.

Bear (give birth wdtind.

to), v. nattdnd.
fruit sdddnd.
n. arjdl.
Beard, n. ddrwd.
Beat, v.
jidnd.
Beauty, n. nikkd.

Because, conj. bdriki, ^r]

idden lane.
Become, v.

handdnd.
 GONDI GRAMMAR. 43

English. Gondi. Hindi.

Bed, n. Ttatul.

Bee, n. ^fNft phuM

wisiy oFT^TT^
Tt*fi kdndl wisi

Beetle, n. rr bhungrd.
Before, prep. munne.
Beg, v. talah-
Mnd.
Begin, v. T mah-
thur yetdnd.

incept, v. Idtond.

Behold, v. liurdnd.
Bel tree (Aegle mdJikd.

marmelos), n.

Belly, n. T pir.
Below, prep. TTT^ tariy ftr^ siri.

Ber tree (Zizy- TT rengd.

phus jujuba),n.
Besmear, v. us an.

Best, adj.
Bhiiawa nut (Se- kohkd.

micarpus ana-
cardium), n.

Bhindi (Hibiscus bherd.

esculentus)) n.

Big, adj.
44 GONDI GRAMMAR.

English. Gondi. Hindi.

Bind, v. dohtdnd.

Bird, n. fx?j pitte. faftror.

Bit, of bridle, n. ~karidri.

Bite, v. kaskdnd.
Bitter, adj. kaitdl,

$ Idgle.

Black, adj. karial.

Blame, v.

Idgsahtdnd.
Blame, n. [
dosli, W\Z khot.

Blanket, n. kamrd.
Bleed, v. frnftTT nattur

pongind.
Blight, n. ,iri.

Blind, adj. surdl.

Blood, n. nattur.

Blossom, v. puydnd.
Blow, v. uhkdnd.
Blunt, adj. , WtrTT.

mdtal.

Body, n. mendul.

Bog, n. Jchdndo.

Boil, v. t. at and.
v. i. usind.

Bone, n. hard.

Border, n.
 GONDI GRAMMAK. 45

English. Gondi. Hindi.

Borrowed, p. p. 3TrTR tartan,

Bosom, n. kord.

Both, conj. am.

adj.pron. rante. \_dariyd

Bough, n. khdndd.
Bound, v. dahkdnd.
Bow, v. mursdnd.
Bowels, n. r
padduh.
Boy, n.
iTf HTc? pergdl.
Bracelet, n. tannor,
churd .

Bread, n.

Break, v. i. urungdnd. z&n.

v.t. urehtdnd.

Breasts, n. dudun.
Bribe, n. Idnch.

Bring, v. TfiTRT tatdnd

Broad, adj. chakro. whr.

Broom, n. kdisdr.

Brother, n. tammur.
in-law, n
Bruise (grain) v, noritdnd.
Bucket (of ^^TT pohard.
leather), n. \_armi.

Buffalo, n. loddl,
Bug, n.
46 GONDI GftAMMAB.

English. Gondi. Hindi.

Bull, n. sdndhdl.

Bullock, n. kondd,
Icurrd.

old dobdl.

Bundle (of mouri.

wood), n.

Burden, n. [n. bachJcd.

Burial-ground, margkati.
Burn, v. i. karwdnd.
v. t. titdsdnd.

(as a lamp) bottdnd.

Burst, v. i. adsind.
-v.t. ohtdnd.

Bury, v. mis sandy

sahtdnd.
(of Tig^ffr gaddind.
a thorn)

Business, n. dhandho.
But, conj. pe. [nu.
Butter, n.
Butterfly, n. phdpe.
Buttermilk, n. kurrop.
Buy, v. assind.

By (near), prep. motis,

karrum.
 GONDI GRAMMAR. 47

English. Gondi. Hindi.

Cackle, v. Rl^rfTT kat-

kate mayand.
Calf, n. pdiyd.
(of leg), n. phot art.
Call, v. kednd.

Calve, v. *TWnTT nattdnd,

Camel, n. 3uT*r uttum.

* ",. j ,

Camp, v. T'TfrfT raigana.

Can, v. [v. parkind.
Care of (to take), kepdnd.
Carriage, n.
Cast, v. nachchdnd.
Cat, n.
warkdr.
Catch, v. bdiydnd.
Caterpillar, n. bhursd
i
pun.
Cattle, n. dhork.

Cave, n.

Certainly, adv. gadne,

Chaff, n. kurmi.

Chain, n. sdnkar.

Chair, n.
[v. machhdiyd.
'

Charge (a gun), nihtdnd.

 GONDI GRAMMAR.

English. Gondi. Hindi.

Cheek, n. korwi.

Chicken, n. cMwdl.
Chide, v. N"RT dabte
kidndy ^^"ifRU
warehtdnd.
Child, n. chhouwd.

Chirp, v. killitdnd.

Chisel, n. pohpi.
Choose, v. S^^fM'l nabre
Iddnd.

Chop, v. narkdnd.
Christ, n. ^TT H^T^ Jsa Masih ^HT
Cleanse, v. [adj. m^m' 2/ewa.
Clear (limpid), chhinno.

Cleave, v.
paiyatdnd.
Climb, v.
targdnd.
Clothes, n. dikri.

Cloud, n. bddur.
-
(rain), n. pirr.
Coat, n. jhangd.
Cock, n. [v. ghoghori.
ColcKto become) murangdnd WRT.
Cold, n.
Collect, v. sikle

Mdnd. [chirni.

Comb, n.
 GONDI GKAMMAU. 49

English. Gondi. Hindi.

Comb (of cock), mukur.

Come, v. \n. TnJ'RT wayand.
Compassion, n. kiu.

Complain, v. or-

han si and.

Compound, a. n. werd.

Comprehend, v. fTITRT tawwdnd.

Conceal, v. maksah-
tana, c?W^n rTnTT

luksahtdnd.

Conclude, v. \ Ttisi

yetdnd. [tdl.

Concubine, n. pcut ki-

Contain, v. podddnd,
purrdnd.
Contribution^ bhanri.
made daily to
village herds-
man, n. [tdnd.

Convey away, v. "rnTTrTT arri ta-

Cook, v. atdnd.

Cool, adj.

Cord, n. none,

Cork, n. theni.

Corn-mill, n. jattd.
50 GONDI GUAMMAR.

English, Gondi. Hindi.

Cottage, n topariyd.
Cotton, n. kapsd.
Cough, n. khold

Cough, v. kdhchind

Count, v. lakkdnd.

Courtyard, n. rachd.

Cover, v. murutdnd.
Cover, n. muchchhe.

Cow, n. ?T3T mardy

(till it has paddd. [tali. inn.
calved), n t

Cow-pat, n. chend.

Cowshed, n. korkd.

Crab, n. yete.

Cradle, n. uklidri.

Crave, v.
parMnd.
Crawl, v. T koritdnd,

Creeper, n. jalli.

Crocodile, n* mucjrdl.
Crooked, adj. bdkrdl.

Crow, n. kdwdl.
Crow, v. khusdnd.
Cruel, adj. nithur.

Cry out, v. ftfiWTdHT killitdnd

Cubit, n.
 GONDI GRAMMAR. 51

English. Gondi. Hindi.

Cucumber, n. ahkmn.
Curse, v.

kidnd.

Curse, n. bakhiyd. vra.

Custom, n. neng.
Cut, v. askdnd } ^K\
koidnd.

Dam (bank), n. monga.

(inariver),^. kattd.
Dam up, v. FT^fTT*TT kattd
kahtdnd.

Damp, adj. wattdl.

Dance, v.

sehtdnd.

Darkness, n. sikdtiy
andherd.
Date tree, n. ff^\ chhatld-
Daughter, n. midr. \_sindi.

-in- law, n. koridr.

Dawn, n. kurkuse.

Day, n.

after to- manne.

morrow, n.

third, past harne.

or future.
 GONDI GRAMMAR.

English. Gondi. Hindi.

Day, fourth, p. pirne.

or future.

fifth, past same.

or future.

Dead, adj. sdtdl.

Decay, v. karisdnd.

Deceive, v. chakkd
Mdnd.
Deception, n. mis a.
Deer, n. mdok.
Deity (God), n. bhagwdn.
n.

Delay, n. awar.
Demon, n. dditliur.

Demonstrate, v.

Den, n. dliodur,
mdnrd.
Dense, adj. sanghro.
Deprive, v. unchah-
land.

Derision, n. feW.

Descend, v. rdiydnd,
raggdnd.
-
(to cause rehtdnd. TiTTTrfT.

to), v.
 GONDT GEAid MAR. 53

English. Gondi. Hindi.

Despatch, v. dwsah-
Dew, n. mach. [tdnd.

Dewlap, n. gar dan.

Dhak tree (Bu-
te a frondo-
so), n.

Dhawa tree arm.

(Gristea to-

mentosa), n.
Die, v. sdydnd.
Diet, n.

Dig, v. kochih-

tdnd,
kdtdnd.

Dip, v.

rahchi' sidnd,

gTfa'RT muri-
sdnd.

Direction, n. palli.

Disciple, n. barud.

Dismiss, v. '^^rrTT handd 'TR

stand, ift^"

^rHrT'TT pohchi
sidnd. [sidnd.

Distribute, v.
 GONDI GRAMMAR.

English. Gondi. Hindi.

Disturb, v. HTRT khise

Mdnd.
Do, v. Mdnd.
Doe, n. ddri.

Dog, n. rf ndiy fwg\ sitti.

Done, to be, tundnd.

managed, v.

Double, adj. narpa.

!-
Dove, n.
purrdj.
Down (of buiydy TT3 TtT.
birds), n. mare.
Doze, v. kurMnd.
Drag, v. iviskdnd, ^TRT.
arritdnd.
Draw water, v. umdnd.
Dress(of men)?;. pond and.

(of women)r. uhtdnd.

Drink, v. itnddnd.
(to make to)v. uhtdnd.
Drive in (as a urs ah-

stake), v. tdnd.
Driven in (to ursn.
be,) v.

Dry, adj. wattdl.

 GONDI GRAMMAR. 55

English. Gondi. Hindi.

Dry, v. i. watt and.

v.t. wah -

chahtdnd.

Dung (cow), n. n*Tt sarapi.

Dust, n. tf dhurro.

Each, pron. "3Ttft "3*5^ undi undi,

*3tfit( "^^t wakko

wakko.
Eagle, n. gidhdl.
Ear, n. kawi.

(lobe of Idtikawi.

the), n. HTH.

Earn, v.

Mdnd.
Ear-ring, n.+
Earth, n.

Ease oneself, v, peldnd.

Eat, v. tinddnd.

Edge, n. dchhi. ^ f^RTTT.

Egg, n. mend, JT^J mesk.

Elbow, n.

gohni,
kunddgoh.
Elephant, ?i. dini. \_gane.

Elsewhere, adv ire bag-

56 GONDI GRAMMAE.

English. Gondi. Hindi.

Empty, adj. ;fGfr ritto. inn.

-
v. ritto

lei and. [tdnd.

Enclose, v. wallah -

End, n. chhor. [tdnd.

Enlarge, v. wirsah-

Enter, v. soritdnd.

Envy, v. karwi-
tdnd. [nd.

Erect, v. frR^nTRT nilahtd-

Err, v. margina.
Escape, v. piss and.
Evade, v. asisi

Even, adv. f\^\gadd. [ddydnd. rffr.

Evening, n. nulpe.
Ever, adv. \_adv. bappore.
Everywhere, baggane.
Except, prep. pohchi.
Excrement, n. xfifT ping, [kidnd.
Expand, v.
bag re
Expel, v. khede
kidnd.

Extinguish, v. pihtdnd.
- v.
ed(tobe), pirdnd.
Eye, n. [the),n.
-
(pupil of kdwd.
 GONDI GRAMMAK. 57

English. Gondi. Hindi.

Eye (dirt in the), 3^f*T

chipping.
Eyebrow, n. [n. watte, ofiTToir^T

kunkundd.
Eyelash, n. mindi.

Eyelid, n. tipli.

Fall, v. arrdnd, ift-

TRT mirdnd.
Family, n. Iturmd.

Famish, v. [n. karu

Fan, winXowing [sdydnd.
Far, a!v.
Fat, adj. kurwinj.
Father, n. [n. ddddl.

Father-in-law, muryd.
Fear, n. warri.
)

Feather, n. mare.

Feed, v. tihtdnd.

Female, n.

Fence, n. fe'n.

Fever, n.

Few, adj. amu. } hamu.

Field, n. ^ nel.

Fig, n.
Fill, v. nihtdnd.
Fill in earth, v. T^ITRT muhtdnd.
58 GONDI GRAMMAR.

English. Gondi. Hindi.

Filled (to be), v. ftraiTRT ninnatdnd.

Find, v. [adj. puttdnd.

Fine(of texture) jhmor.
Finish, v. WRT ~kisi

yet and,
mdhtdnd.
Fire, n. /cis.

Firefly, n. minko*
First, adj. ahilo.

Fish, n. min.
frame for ghussur.
catching, n.
Five (number) saiyung.
Flax, n. bdiydl.
Flea, n. pitta.
Flee, v. ) ddisi
^t^TtfT

handdnd, if5*

IfHTT jaritdnd.

Fling, v. nachchhdnd
Float away, v. pongdnd.
Flood, n.

Flour, n. ftp^^ pindi.

Flower, n. pungdr
v. puind
Fly, n. \_ponnd
v. poritdnd.
 GONDI GRAMMAR. 59

English. Gondi. Hindi.

Foot, n. oFTcip kal.

Forest, n. dongur.
Forget, v. ma- "3TRT.

rungs^ana.
Fork (hay), n. kureli.

Four (number) jjJT ndlung.

Fowl, n* [n. Jchurr. *
(half- grown) poz,
Fox, n. husatti.

Frighten, v. warrah-
Frog, n. panne. \_tdnd.

From, prep.
rr -hard.
Frost (hoar), n. tussdr.

Froth, n. Idr.

Fuel, n. \ chliui.

Full, adj. menr.

Furrow, n.

Gate, n. pharkd.
Gaze, v. nddind.

Ghee, n. ',ni.

Girl, n. pergi.
Give, v. si and.

Glean, v. pahkdnd.
Gleanings, n. ^ft
60 GONDI GRAMMAR,.

English. Gondi. Hindi.

Glutton, n. dargdl.
Gnat, n. nulle.

Go, v. handdnd.
over, v. ahkdnd.
Goat, n. yeti.

(young), n. barai. "5FT

Gold, n. sono.

Gond, n. fa koitor.

Gondi, n. t koiydn.
Gondin, n. koitdr.

Good, adj. beshy ^teft cho-

kho.

Gore, v. kohkdnd.
Gourd, n. paras,
Grain-pit, n. khounriy
kothi.

Gram, n. hanadik.
Grandfather, n. djdl.

great, n. ak/co.

Grass, n. jdri.

Grasshopper, n, phdphe.
Grave, n. marghat,
Graze, v. t. mehtdnd.
Grind, v. norrdnd.

Groan, v.

kidnd,
 GONDT GRAMMAR. 61

English. Gondi. Hindi.

Grow (of pirind, Tfa

plants), v. borsdnd.

Guest, n. warttdl.

Hail, n. or a.

Hair, n. pi chut ting,

Hand, n. kdi.
N
Hang, v. i. TT urme
mdydnd.
v.t. RT kon-
che kidnd.

Hare, n. molol.

Harvest, n. [n. koidnd.

Hatching (hen), oFTTT kdrd,

He, pron. or.

Head,, n.
I
Heap, n. "CRT rds, ras^.

v. sur
kidnd.

Hear, v. kenjdnd.
Heat (sun's), n. adi.

Heat, v. kdsdnd, oFT-

kdsah-
tdnd.

Heaven, n. bdikunt, *fm

Cx

I
jdmu dip.
6 GONDI GRAMMAR.

English. Gondi. Hindi.

Heavy, adj. ^ftfTT pohtd.

Heel, n. ddnkd.
Heifer, n. paddd.
Hell, n. narak.
Hence, adv. iggdtdl,
?T iggdha-
Herdsman, n. kopdl. [rd.
Here, adv. iggd.
Hide, v.i. makkdnd.
v.t. maksah-
tdnd.

High, adj. lambo, WUffr

Hill, n. ? kuru. [baddi.

Him, pron. ^"Hf on.

Hindi, n.

Hindu man, n. koshur.

woman, n, koshtdr.

Hireling, n. kabdrek.
Hither, adv. hikke.

Hole, n. chharkd,
dasnd.
Hone, n. masdn.
Honey, n. kdnal.

Horn, n. kor.

Horse, n.

Hot, adj. kdstdl.

 GONDI GRAMMAR.

English. Gondi. Hindi.

House, n.

How ? adv. bahbd.

How many? adv. bach die.

Hunger, n. karu.

Husband, n. moido. jfr.

's brother, n. sirandu. "5JJT

Hut, 71.
jhdld.

I, pron. nannd.
Illness, n. bijdri.

In, prep. te, -rf -te. it

Insect, n. puri.
Insert, v.
koncheki siana.
Inside, prep.
Instruct, v.} karahtd-
Intrude, v.
nengdnd.
Iron, n. kachchi.

It, pron. ad.

Itch, n. khas.

Jackal, n. Jcolhaydl,
Jar (earthen), n. Iturwi.

Jester, n. karbdl.

Jugnu, n. koitdr.
 GONDI GRAMMAR.

English. Gondi. Hindi.

Junhari, n. jwdrk.

Kacharia (Hedy- bodeld.

chium spica-
tum), n.
Khali, n. TTTolft pdM, ^tj dhep,
Khamer tree khursi.

(fhnelina ar-
bor ea).

Khichari, (Zizy- laps a.

phus jujuba),
Kill, v. [n. johkdndy
jidnd.
Kiss, v. nonddnd.
Knead, v. 'ana.

Knee, n. murtold.

Kneecap, n. tawan.
Know, v. punddnd.
Kodo-grain kudddn.
(Paspahim
Kora), n.

Kush-grass, n. ghdndri.
Kutki- grain kohald.

(Panicum
miliare), n.
 GONDI GRAMMAR. 65

English. Gondi. Hindi.

Laugh, v. Jcanwdnd.

Lazy, adj. kurhiydl.

Lead, v. W lTTc|ftn munne
Leaf, n. dki. [tdldnd.

Leak, v. war and.

Leap, v. dakkdnd.
Learn, v. Ttarritdnd.

Leather, n.
Leg, n. potari.
Lentil, n.
Leopard, n. chitdl.

Liar, n. labrdl.

Lick, v. ndkind.
Lid, n. muchchhe.
Lie down (of pattind.
animals), ?i.

Light, n. werchi.

Light, adj. [v. akharo.

Lighten (flash), mirsdlnd.

Lightning, n. gaj-
Like, prep. ghain.
Lip, n. silwi.

Little, adj. chhudor.

a. amuhach.
Live, v. pis sand,
Liver, n. tardki.
66 GONDI GRAMMAR.

English. Gondi. Hindi.

Lizard, n. urrum.
dokke.

Log(of wood),^. n dunrd. [ni.

Loins, n. TT nan, ^f\ nan-

Loose (cattle),v. ids and.

Loosed (to be) ,v. rengind.

Lose (the way)v. b alike

mayana.
Lota (a brass S charu.

vessel), n.
Louse, n. bottd. [parM.
-'seggs,^. sirk,

Lungs, n. pipsd, fq^TT

pistd*

Mad, adj. bdihdl.

Mahulain creep- pdur.

er (Bauhinia
Vahlii), n.
Mahua treetEtas- ru.

sialatifolid),n.
Maina bir d ( Gr a-
culareligiosd)n.
Maize, n. ann.
Man, n. mdnwdl,
mdrsdl.
 GONDI GRAMMAR. 67

English. Gondi. Hindi.

Mangoe tree TToffT markd.

(Mangifera
Indicd), n.
Mankind, n. rft mdrsdlor,

Manure, n. Itkarsi.

Many adj. walle.

As many as bachcho.

Market, n. hdtum.
Marriage, n. [n. marmin.
Masur (cicerlens) masurJc.

Mat, n.

Meal, early basiyd.

morning.
ten o^clock. jaw a. !fT

three o^clock. mardiyd.

evening. % biydri.

Mean, adj.
Meat, n. sanwi.

Medicine, n. HIT mat. [tana.

Meet, v. pursah-
Melt, v. glmre
may ana,
haritdnd.

Mend, v.

wana.
Mid- day, n. dlmpar.
68 GONDI GRAMMAR.

English. Gondi. Hindi.

Milk, n. pdl.
v. pirdnd.
Mill (hand), n. jattd.
Mist, n. kuhard.
Mix, v. offtwrn "kiwi

Moan, n. dhdni. [kidnd.

Moon, n. chandar-
mdly T^STT nalenj
More, adv. ure.

Morning, n. bunsdri
sdkdri.

Morrow, n. \
narkain.

Mortar, n. sah/ci.

Moss, n. **.
Mother, n.

awhari.
-
-in-law, n. poydr.
Mountain, n. mattd.
Mouse, n.

Mouth, n.

Much, adj., adv.

As much as bachchor.

Mud, n. chikld.

Mundi grain kdimd.

(Sphceranthus
Indicus), n.
 GONDI GRAMMAR. 69

English. Gondi. Hindi.

Musk-rat, n. chJiucho.

Must, v. chdhi.

Mustard. sarsawd.

My, pron. ndivor,

ndwd.
Nail (finger), n. tirinj.
Naked (to be),7;. TRTTT kura-
ke mdydnd.
Name, n. TTftc? parol.
parol
ivisdnd.

Navel, n. ijf^ gudi. \_mutis.

Near, prep. ,adv. 'karrum, ftr^T,

Neck, n. ghongd,
warer.

(nape o\n. gichhari.

Necklace dumme.
(men's), n.
(women's), n
Nephew, n.

Nerve, n. chird.

Nest, n. d. [hille.

Never, adj. bappure

New, adj.

punal.
Night, n. narkd.
70 GONDI GEAMMAE.

English. Gondi. Hindi.

No, adv. hille, foil min-

ne. [kidnd.
Nod, v. ofT^^n^TT nawe ftrc;

Noise, n. C$TT leng.

None, adj. ^? f^W badde hille.

Nose, n. mass or.

(bridge of)^ nakhdandi
' ^^
Now, adv. inga, ^r^oR in-
1

deke, s-

dri.

Nowhere, adv. baggane

Number, v. Jcdhtdnd.

Offspring, n.
Oil, n.
-
vessel, n.
Old, adj.
On, prep.
One, (number)
Onion, n.
Open, adj.
Or, conj.
Order, v.

sidnd. [mdwd.
Our, pron. mdwor, JfT^TT

Oven, n. sadoli.
 GONDI GRAMMAR. 71

English. Gondi. Hindi.

Owl, n.

Pagri, n. phetd.
Pair, n. rande,
[n. rante.

Pankha (caste), gdnrdl.

Parched grainy t*T phutdng.
Pardhan(caste), pdndl.
Parrot, n. [n. ftr^t siriy HTZ mate,

Part, n. tus.

Partridge, n. kakrdnj.
Pass out, v. papitdnd.
Patch, n. JT thigrd.

Path, n. sari. TTHT,

Pea, n. % butard.

Peacock, n. mal.

Penjh (cooked ITT^T jdwd.

food), n.

Perhaps, adv. basekne.

Perspiration, n.
Pestle, n, uskcil.

Pig, n. xi^^ paddL

(devoted
to Narayan
Deo), n.
 GOKDI GRAMMAR.

English Gondi. Hindi

Pig (devoted to ?
surjdl. ^ft^TT^f o|Tt

the sun), n.

Pigeon, n. tTTT^T pdrewd, ^*c$T

harld.

Pillar, n.

Pipal tree (Fi- dli.

cus religiosa),n.

Pipe (for smok- chilam.

Pit, n. kudrd.

Pitcher, n.
- red
(for malld.

water),

cooking), n.
Place, v. rrn.
Plate, n. [n. dhaniyd.
of leaves, 'mi. o|TT

of leaves, S^TT duppd.

(small), n.

Play, v. karsdnd.

Plough, v. urdnd.
n. ndngel.
Pod, n. sengd.
Poison, n. mdhur.
Pork, n. FT

sanw.
 GONDI GRAMMAR. 73

English. Gondi. Hindi.

Pound, v. ussdnd.

Pour, v. NrRT kohare

Mdnd. [si and.
V. ^rtWTT torsi

Powerful, adj. sdbur.

Preach, v. wahtdnd,

chahtdnd.

Press, v. admdnd.
Pull, v. wiskdnd.
Put, v. doss and. VT^TT.

out, v. thanrdnd.
Putrid, adj. souwtdl.

Quail, n.
Quarrel, v.} tarehtdnd.

Quickly, adv. japne,

nichi niGhi,

Rag, n. tnrqi paryd.

Rain, n.
Rainbow, n. gora.
Raw, adj. pdJindl.
Razor, n. majid.
Reach, v. aw wand.
Reap, v. \ kuyydnd.
Receive, v. yetdnd.
 GONDI GRAMMAR.

English. Gondi. Hindi.

Reed-pen, n. marid. [nd.

Rend, v. sarrahtd-

Rent, p. part. s art. [nd.

Rescue, v. pisehtd-
Rest, v. romind.
Return, v. malland.
Reveal, v. Jiursah-
Rice (in field),^. wanji. [tdnd. VT^f.
(in grain), ?z. paraik.
(broken in nukd.
grinding), n.

(cooked), n. gdto. HT7T.

Rick, n. to,i
\^

Ring, n. muddd.
Ripe, adj. panrtal.
(to be), v. pandind.
Roast, v. bursand,
Root, n. sir.

(up), v.
siatdnd.
(used in nand
the worship of mdti.
Bara Deo), n.

Rope (with ddmni.

which cattle
are tied), n.
 GONDI GRAMMAR. 75

English. Gondi. Hindi.

Rot, v. i. karitdnd.
- kari
(cause to),
v.t. si at and.

Rough ground, dal-

n. hak tikrd.

Rub, v. sokdnd,
mareh-
tdnd.

Rubbish, n. widr.

Run, v. witdnd.
- v.
(away), ddiydndy *?t-

ff rTTTT soritdnd.
Sacrifice, v. tarahtd-

na, ^V
badhe kidnd.
^
Saddle, n. khogur.
Saj tree (Termi- maru.
nalia tomen-

tofta), n.

Sand, n. bdru.

Sand-fly, n. nulle.

Say, v. inddnd,
wankind,
kattdnd.

Schism, n.
Scorpion, n. michchho.
76 GONDI GRAMMAR.

English. Gondi. Hindi.

Scratch, v. [v. tdrldnd.

-
(violently), kuchind.
Search for, v. mirah-
kdnd.
See, v. hurdndy tTT-

ndnnd.
Seed, n. f^WT wijjd. [tdnd.
Seize, v< rnrnn -bdisi ta-
Self (in 2nd & Tf^T tanndy Tf^T

3rdpers.),pro. tanwd.
Sell, v. mamitdnd.
Send, v. rohtdnd.

Set, v. ^rrdnd.

(of sun), v. muritdnd.

Seven (number) yerung.
Sew, v. walchdnd.
Shade, n. Miff

ad dm.
Shampoo, v.

Share, n.
'

tus. [ali Mdnd.

Sharpen, v. \ massitdnd
She, pron.
Sheep, n. garar.
Shelter, n. sondi.

Shoe, n. sarpo.
to put on, v. karrdnd.
 GONDI GRAMMAR. 77

English. Gondi. Hindi.

Short (of sta- butrdl. TTTT.

ture), adj.
Shoulder, n. sattd. [nd.
Shut down, v. murihtd-
Sickle, n. satdr.

Side, n. patti.
Silence ! inter.

Simple, adj. bhoro.

Sing, v. wdrdnd. 'T'RT.

Sink, v. murangdnd
Sister, n. didi.
- sddr.
(younger) ,n
(elder), n. takkd.

Sit, v. tf^tfl udind. [tdnd.

- (cause uchchah-
to),v.
Six (numbtV) sarung.
Skin, n. tol.

Slay, v. johkdnd.
Sleep, n. kurki.
v. siinjind,
narmind.
heavily, v. kurkind.

Slip, v. "RT*TT ghasri

mdydnd.
Small, adj. chhudor.

Smell, v. i. d ding and.

78 GONDI GRAMMAR.

English. Gondi. Hindi.

Smell, v. t. maskdnd.
Smoke, n. kusso.

Snake, n. WXTO tar as.

Snatch, v. umchdnd.
Sneeze, n. sagun.
Snore, v. muritdnd.
So, adv. ilmn, ^TH
dhun. [ichchor.
much. achchor, ^ft
Soak, v. ndhtdnd.
Soft, adj. kope.
Sole (of the foot) tarupdnw.
Soinebody,pnm. bore,

Son, n. marri.

-in-law, n. sanne.
on pro- I amj and.
bation.
s wife, n. koriydr.
Song, n. pdtd. tfir.

Sour, adj. kaitdl.

Sow, v. [v. witdnd.

Space (to have) podddnd.

Spark, n. birdm.

Speak, v. wankind.
Spew, v.
 GONDI GRAMMAR. 79

English. Gondi. Hindi.

Spill, v.

Spit, v. tuJchdnd.

Spittle, n. uchchul.

Split, v. i.
pdiydnd.
v.t. pdihatdnd.
Spoon, n.
Spread, v. tarsi

S2ana,
lfT*TT orsahtdnd.
out grain, v rikdnd.

Squirrel, n. chidrdl.

Stand, v. nitdnd.

(make to) v nilahtd-

na.

Star, n. juniydn } TTR.

sukum.
Steal, v. kallind.

Stem, n. wudum.
Stick, n. wariyd.
v. i. jirksdnd,

chihtdnd.

Stink, v. ddingdnd.
Stir, v. dursdnd.

Stomach, n.

Stone, n.
80 GONDI GRAMMAR.

English. Gondi. Hindi.

Stones for cook- sadoli.

ing with, n.

Stool, n. kuttul.

Stoop, v. mursdnd.
Storm, n. dhukd,
jhakar.
Story, n. weseri.

Straw, n. 3T pM.
- kold.
a, n.

Strife, n. kdijd.
Strike (a tent)yy. arahtdnd
String, n. nul.

Such, pwn.y adj. ital.

Suck, v. utind.

Suddenly, adv. barsdne.

Suffer (only used ass and. * IT
'
with hunger [W).
and thirst O^ 1
-

Sun, n. uriydl.
Sunshine, n. addi.

Surely, adv. mukur.

Swallow, v. rop ana.
Sweep, v. [adj. sdiydnd.
Sweet-smelling, mdhlcdr.

Swell, v. toiydnd.
 GONDI GRAMMAR. 81

English. Gondi. Hindi.

Tail, n. tokdr.

Take, v. yetdnd.
away, v. woind.
out, v. tanddnd.
Tall, adj. dhongal.
Tamarind tree ftrwi

(Tamarindus chhittd.

Indica), n.
Tank, n. loddi. rf^'R,

Taste, v. wandind.
Teach, v. karahtd-

kenchahtdnd.

na grandis) ,n
Tear (rent), 'n. kdrehak.

Tear, v. sarrahtd-

Teat, n. aril. [nd,

Ten (number).
Tender, adj. kanaro.
Tendu tree tumari.

(Diospyros [n.
Melanoxylon)
That, pron.
Thatch, v. wesn.
82 GONDI GRAMMAR.
 GONDI GHAMMAE. 83

English. Gondi. Hindi.

Tired (to be), v. dorind. ^rnrr.

Tire another (to) dors ah-

To-day, n. [v. ner. [tdnd.

Token, n. thonkd.

Tongue, n. wanjer.
Tooth, n. J
pal.
Torch, n. sur.

Touch, v. t. it tdnd. 'ST^TT.

Tread, v. t.
jdrind.
Tree, n. mard.
Tremble, v. clrtfrftoT kasangtnd.

sangitdnd.
Tribe, n. pdri.
Trouble, v.

Trough, n. \n. donga. [Jet and.

Tube in oil-press pitld.
Turmeric, n. Tca/mkd.

Turn, v. i. walitdnd.
v* t. tirahtdnd
back; v. t.

Twin, n. yemdl. [nd.

Two, num. rand.

Umbrella (of win-

leaves), n.
 GONDI GRAMMAR.

English.
 GONDI GUAMMAR. 85

English. Gondi. Hindi.

Wash, v. nurrdndy
\
nff "STrfT nursi

yend. [tatdnd.
(clothes), v. TnTRTT suksi

Watch, v. t. Jeep and.

Water, n. yer.
Wax (of ear), n. Jcoranged.

Way, n. sari.

We, pron. mammdt,

^
mammdr.
Weak, adj. [v. sirtor.

Weave together JeicJichdnd.

Web, n. Jeusso.

Wedding, n. marmin.
Weep, v. ardnd.

Weevil, n. fydj. nusi.

Well (of health), nahand.

Wet, adj. pdJindl.
(to be), v. ndnddnd.
What ?
pron. bdl.

When, adv. aske.

When ? adv. baske.

Whence ? adv.

baggd-
Where ? adv. baggd. [tdl.

Wherever, adv. bagane.

86 GONDI GRAMMAR.

English. Gondi. Hindi.

Whiskers, n. katte.

Whistle, n. sisari. rfhft.

White, adj. panrari,

ujaro*
Whitewash, n. chut.

Whither? adv. i
bek, f%l8 bikke.
Who ? pron. ! lor.

Whom ? pron.
Why? adv. bdri.

Wife, n. mdiju.
- }
s brother. serrandu.
z\

Wild, adj. [n. kherd.

Wind, n. wari.

Winnow, v. turehtdnd
Wine, n. ^Tt 1!! ddrangd, nfijy.

Wipe, v. usmana.
Wish, v. parkin d.
Within, prep. vrhrr.

Wolf, n. bodhdl.

Woman, n.
who forces swr. : *
a man to take wt
her to wife.
-
*s female sdngo.
friend.
 GONDI GRAMMAR. 87

English. Gondi. Hindi.

Wood, n. Tcatiyd.
World (upper),?!
ftjTTT <ffa singar
dip.
(lower), n. 'far alop dip.
Worm, n. n puri.
Worship (in, to dd-

bury eggs) bur jisahtdnd.

Wound, n. liar am.

Wrist, n. murud.

Yawn, n. wahi.

Years, n. warsdn.
Year (this), n.

(last), w.
Yes, adv. ^

Yesterday, n. mnne.
You, pron. immdt,
immdr.
Young (of ani- chiwdl

mals), n.
-
(man), n. 3 rappor.
Your, pron. miwor,
miwd.

I
88 GONDI GRAMMAR.

EXAMPLES OF SHORT GONDI SENTENCES.

fc&(farTf?tT bor bdri kilitdtor. Who is

calling out ? and why ?

^*TT ^tf ^ffT xftlfhffaft bdrdn immd iden wahtd

poritoni. Are you able to explain this ?
ndkun kur
Jcusndke iggdhard handdle dydl. I must start

from here at cock-crow.

Tf&nchhi irrdr. Listen attentively.
Vf
narkd kuro te puliydl bdhun kilindCmmdr kenj-
tir dlion hille. How the tiger was calling out
at night in the hill ! did you hear or not ?

kopd nd nede walle wiydr pirtd or aJitdle wo-

sahtdnur. In Kopa^s field much rubbish has
sprung up, he is going to take men to root-

it up.
^ITtf Ttff
f^T^I ^T ^T ftr^reft f ^T Phdgu
isdri rote hillendur or on mirahksore Jiattur.

Phagu is not now in the house, he has gone

to look for him.
 GONDI GRAMMAR. 89

pon
iggd sdiivdri nengtd ani tinnake kamkd dostd.
A would-be wife lias made her way into the
head-man's house, and after eating has
thrown turmeric on him.
pergdl karasncike arsi
hattur. The boy playing has fallen down.
injfarT vY f?ir nihun tawwitd dhon hille. Can
you see or not ?

^fT; ITtT^TT charu te yer torsend. Pour (me)

out water from the brass vessel.
dhaniyd tun nursi nachchhiim.
Clean out the plate.
^^' ITTt^ ^^Tr^fT
nannd wesile jdrz kuiydkd.

cut grass for thatching.

fcR<5faft TTTT wichchkoke han Idlisi tard.

Run and call him here.

Nawariydl ddbur
jisahtdle wdsi mattor. Nawariyal had come to
bury eggs (in poojah).
jri HWWT ond yeti natt'td. His goat has
borne a young one.

nichchhi man sdngo nannd soi yetkun wayi-

tond, niltond. Wait a moment, friend, I
too am coming to fill water. (Answer) I am
waiting.
90 GONDI GRAMMAR.

sardpi yechchhikun rachchd

usum. Bring cow-dung and plaster the
court-yard.
TTR ?*W
o
sawote chhnchJiu nenqtd
y '

tan tanrsum. A musk-rat has got among

the salt, take it out.

^"RToF ^WTT ^fftCT ndwd wanake immd posd.

Wait till I come.

sarpuhfc karile Tianji mat-

toram. We had gone to put on our shoes.
^TTT^f^T: 5^ft^ ^TT ^"^T sarde hanndke or
mulol chhouwd pantur. Going along the road
he found a young hare.
iJTc^ ^ITRT tali pal uhtdnur. He will give
^
(you) to drink cow's milk.
^^TT "3^^ jdwd wdisit unnefk wdyore.
^T^ftT

The penjh cooked, (but) those ^o drink it

is

have not come.

rpTJ'T ^"T^ WTlfT

ndwd nantun bdl did. What
has happened to my loins ?

nannd kothi olichi kahchi sitdn

or hattur
bdhe dyi nannd punnon. He said, I have
burst the granaries and measured (the grain);
whatever be wrong, I know nothing of it.

TT vfTprt" $3 Hi; pitld te nungni tanrtur. He

has taken the tilli-oil from the oil- stick.
 GONDI GRAMMAR. 91

aggdh&rd talhtfddn bdl

Mend. I asked for it from there, what else
could I do.
t poind iggd koshtdr wdtdn.
Hindu women have come to the head-man's

house.
koitdhk kal unjikun yen-
1

ddnun. Gond women drinking wine will dance.

^ tftt^ ^[^ ^fajj^ niwd id parol bor wistur.
Who gave you this name ?

Tcalwdl ndri Ttalsi wotur.

A thief yesterday, stealing, carried (it) oflf.

^T^rfT T^T ^frTTTT paddi yetinnd ropd mehtdtd*

A pig is feeding among the goats.

^JT^^
^ cBTc^rftT ~kopul bhdnri ughe hdltor.
Thekerdsman is collecting his dues.
%KT n&lk dhiydn dtun on
arki bditd. He has had fever for four days.
ond han tedtun. His eyes are in-
flamed.
cjr^ fH^ ^ift^T immd karru minne sdyimd.
Do not die of hunger.
on yeik astd. He is thirsty.

ndwd pir noyund. My stomach was

aching.
f^^t^ ^^T^ W T^f ^3^ or wichchhore baydl te
mir situr. Running he fell down in the hemp.
 GONDI GRAMMAR.

7HT ^T^^^rT 3"*rTc$ armi ddmni tun ur-

rahchi~kun ddisdl. The buffalo breaking its

rope will run away.

xftTTBTO^ft 3^T pal pird JcdsahcM irrd. Milk
the cow, and warm and put away the milk.
nannd
mikun wahtdtond issur itdl bappore ~kemdr. I
am explaining (it) to you, so never do so again.
^nftr "tfofbrnrT ^ ^ ft^ "^snrfti Tj^t id dyi poritdtd

pe ad hille dyi paro. This is possible, but

that not possible.
is

T *TOT ndte manmd. Don^t remain in the villa^ir.

^t^ W^immd boni dndi. "Who are you ?

or. Where are you from ?

7TT^ "^ T
*^ baggdtor kosur w,f ndte
wdndur. From what place
1
were tj^.e Hindus
who came into your village.

pirr ardtd. Rain falls.

gdj mirsiltd. Lightning is flashing.

vwiwk ndnditdn. The deer are getting

wet.
bor waher. Who could tell.

pindi nord. Grind the wheat.

sdri surrd. Bake the bread.
^TT^ ^r^TT ^k*ft ^T^T watind walindke
nannd dorsi hattdn. Going about hither and
thither, I got tired.
 GONDI GRAMMAR. 93

dikari tdrd. Spread the clothes.

or baske dtur. When was he born ?

Z ffW ^^ cud awete hille poddo. There was

no room for ifc in that.
^ft offt^rTT; orun pat ob wdrile lor
karrahtur. Who taught them to sing songs ?

W*rc ^^T ^?FTT bdhe dyer nannd hanend. I

go whatever happens.
^TITT ^ fofnTTrTt^ ^ f^W cff^ nikun ~bdl

did ad Mydtoni id hille kewi. What has come

to you you
! do that and don't do this.

^T otf^ft ^rtnTT ond leng iggdhard

kenchchhi arrdtd. His voice makes itself

heard from here.

qy^JjSRIT^R nannd wosi awahanddn. I took

(it) aWay and conveyed (it) there.

^T ^ntnW walle narkd dsit. Many nights have

passed.
oFT^ft ^Tftnrnrr ingd kurki wdyitdtd. Now sleep
is coming (over him).
hante sunjd. Go and sleep.
IT'R ^"^ft ^ftw^ addenor moido tan poll-
chi situr. Her husband has deserted her.

3 cjft^ koriydr miydr rande Mndun.

The daughter-in-law and daughter both did (it).
F*fhlT kur Msitd. The cock crows.
Cs

ndi muhchitd. The dog barks.

94 GONDI GRAMMAR,

mal yedintd. The peacock dances.

l gdto attitd. She cooks the rice.

T yer nihtdtd. She draws water.

T dikri sarrdtd. The cloth is rending.
sur bottitd. The torch is burning.
pini assitd. It is cold.

7RT1TT addi tarrdtd. It is hot.

mammdt drtam. We have warmed

ourselves.
immdr drandir. You were warming
yourselves.

lakandd wdtur dortur dteke ingd or romitor.

The old man came from far, he is wearied
with coming, now he is resting. <

IT?RT ^to 115^ ^nv ^ i!3 ^nrT^r ^JT: or tan-

wd yetin mamdur sddhu ten rang rupaydnk

yetur. He was selling his goat, the devotee

got it for two rupees.

\J

nannd kuro te katiydn narMle dakd ani pdur

aki tatkd. I am going to the hill to cut wood

and to bring mahulain leaves.

r^fT
^ ^^ $*
mesk dostd mund mes ndkun sisahchum. Your
?rhr?'yf
niwd kurk

fowl has laid eggs, give me three eggs.

kurwi pongitd. The pitcher leaks.
 GONDI GRAMMAR. 95

ndwd korkd wardtd. My cattle-

shed leaks.
TTCT ^*ft *CTiK bonai kilisi tard wesi
sdnur. Fetch someone to thatch it.

STR^ <35^<5 ^ rt *T?Tft or jdri lakkile Jianji mat-

tor. He was going to count grass (bundles) .

offTh^ sT^TrFfaT nannd kettle handdtond. I am

going to watch (my field).

iftr nrTt fir^T^ w*ft fcp^T? jdwd

unddle doppd ani gdto tinddle ~kuni Mchchdr.
Make a small plate of leaves for drinking

yenjh and
a large one for eating rice.

fhfhl
1

J^^ oFF^t TtmF^ nede witile purpul

kahchi woyaki. Measure out urda and take
ii^or sowing in the field.
f^jvursoke man. Keep on the look-out.
*rfccfi tfal<$ Vtl! oFJT^f? ^
TJ ^t^*TT^ ^ftT^fhr mink
1

bdiydle or kattd dohandur pe dohandke orsit.

He was fastening together a frame- work for
catching fish, but in doing it it broke.
ITcST TTnTTT ^T?T f^W tola targtd rdigt Tiille.
My head
pains me, it does not get better.

T^T^ ^ff %5*T hille nahanai arki bdiyun. I

am not well, I had fever.
fTT^ nil fTT^?TT ner ndri pirr jidr. To-day or
to-morrow rain will fall.

.ted by Gilbert & Rivington (Lim.), Clerkenwell Road, London.

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