Solutions to Exercise 3G

1 a x2 + 2x − 8 = 0 5
x < −5 or x >
∴ (x + 2)(x − 4) = 0 2
∴ x = −2, 4 j Negative coefficient of x2
‘Positive coefficient of x2 ’: 7
−2 ≤ x ≤
2
b y
k Negative coefficient of x2
x 2 7
-2 0 4
x < or x >
5 2
-8
l Positive coefficient of x2
5 11
c x2 − 2x − 8 ≤ 0 ⇔ −2 ≤ x ≤ 4 x ≤ or x ≥
2 2
d x2 − 2x − 8 > 0 ⇔ x > 4 or x < −2
3 a Negative coefficient of x2
x < −5 or x > 5
2 a Positive coefficient of x2
x ≤ −2 or x ≥ 3 b Negative coefficient of y2
2 2
− ≤y≤
b Positive coefficient of x2 3 3
−4 < x < −3
c Negative coefficient of y2
c Positive coefficient of x2 y > 4 or y < −4
1
−4 ≤ x ≤
2 d Negative coefficient of x2
6 6
d Positive coefficient of x2 − ≤x≤
5 5
x < 2 or x > 6
2
e Negative coefficient of y2
e Positive coefficient of x 1 1
y ≤ − or y ≥
2<x<3 4 4

f Negative coefficient of x2 f Negative coefficient of y2

3 7 5 5
≤x≤ y < − or y >
2 2 6 6

g Positive coefficient of x2
7 4 a x2 + 2x − 8 = 0
− <x<2 ∴ (x + 4)(x − 2) = 0
2
∴ x = 2, −4
h Positive coefficient of x2
5 ‘Positive coefficient of x2 ’:
−2 ≤ x ≤ x ≥ 2 or x ≤ −4
2

i Negative coefficient of x2 b x2 − 5x − 24 = 0

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 ∴ (x + 3)(x − 8) = 0 ∴ 10x2 − 11x + 3 ≤ 0
∴ x = −3, 8 10x2 − 11x + 3 = 0
’Positive coefficient of x2 ’: ∴ (5x − 3)(2x − 1) = 0
{ x: − 3 < x < 8 } 1 3
∴x= ,
2 5
c x − 4x − 12 = 0  1 coefficient
’Positive of x2 ’:
3
∴ (x + 2)(x − 6) = 0 x: ≤ x ≤
2 5
∴ x = −2, 6
’Positive coefficient of x2 ’: i x(x − 1) ≤ 20
{x : − 2 ≤ x ≤ 6} ∴ x2 − x − 20 ≤ 0
x2 − x − 20 = 0
d 2x2 − 3x − 9 = 0 ∴ (x − 5)(x + 4) = 0
∴ (2x + 3)(x − 3) = 0 x = −4, 5
3 ’Positive coefficient of x2 ’:
∴ x=− ,3
2 { x: − 4 ≤ x ≤ 5 }
’Positive coefficient of x2 ’:
3
{ x: x < − } ∪ { x: x > 3 } j 4 + 5p − p2 =√ 0
2
−5 ± 41
e 6x2 + 13x < −6 ∴p=
−2
∴ 6x2 + 13x + 6 < 0 ’Negative√coefficient of x2√’:
6x2 + 13x + 6 = 0
 5 − 41 5 + 41 
p: ≤p≤
∴ (3x + 2)(2x + 3) = 0 2 2
2 3
x = − ,− k 3 + 2y − y2 = 0
3 2
’Positive coefficientof x2 ’: ∴ (1 + y)(3 − y) = 0
 3 2 ∴ y = −1, 3
x: − < x < −
2 3 ’Negative coefficient of x2 ’:
f −x2 − 5x − 6 = 0 { y : y < −1 } ∪ { y : y > 3 }
∴ −(x + 2)(x + 3) = 0
l x2 + 3x ≥ −2
∴ x = −2, −3
∴ x2 + 3x + 2 ≥ 0
’Negative coefficient of x2 ’:
x2 + 3x + 2 = 0
{ x : − 3 ≤ x ≤ −2 }
∴ (x + 2)(x + 1) = 0
g 12x2 + x > 6 ∴ x = −2; −1
∴ 12x2 + x − 6 > 0 ’Positive coefficient of x2 ’:
12x2 + x − 6 = 0 { x : x ≤ −2 } ∪ { x : x ≥ −1 }
∴ (4x + 3)(3x − 2) = 0
3 3
∴x=− ,
4 2
’Positive coefficient of x2 ’: 
 3   3
x: x < − ∪ x: x >
4 2
h 10x2 − 11x ≤ −3

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5 a x2 + 3x − 5 ≥ 0 e 2x2 + 7x + 1 ≤ 0
!2 !
3 29 7 49 49 1
⇔ x+ − ≥0 ⇔2 x + +
2
− + <0
2 4 2 16 16 2
!2 !2
3 29 7 41
⇔ x+ ≥ ⇔2 x+ − <0
2 4 4 16
√ √ !2
3 29 3 29 7 41
⇔x≤− − or x ≥ − + ⇔ x+ <
2 2 2 2 4 16
√ √
b x2 − 5x + 2 < 0 −7 − 41 −7 + 41
⇔ <x<
!2 4 4
5 17
⇔2 x− − <0 f 2x2 − 8x + 5 ≥ 0
2 4
!
5
!2
17 5
⇔ x− < ⇔2 x −4+4−4+
2
≥0
2 4 2
√ √ 3
5 17 5 17 ⇔ 2 (x − 2)2 − ≥ 0
⇔ − <x< + 2
2 2 2 2
3
⇔ (x − 2)2 ≥
c 2x2 − 3x − 1 ≤ 0 √
2
√
!2 4− 6 4+ 6
3 17 ⇔x≤ or x ≥
⇔2 x− − ≤0 2 2
4 8
!2
3 17 6 The square of any real number is zero or
⇔2 x− ≤
4 8 positive.
!2
3 17
⇔ x− ≤
4 16
√ √ 7 The negative of the square of any real
3 17 3 17 number is zero or negative.
⇔ − <x< +
4 4 4 4

d − x2 − 3x + 8 > 0 8 x2 + 2x + 7
!2
3 41 = x2 + 2x + 1 − 1 + 7
⇔− x+ + >0
2 4 = (x + 1)2 + 6
!2
3 41 Since (x + 1)2 ≥ 0 for all x
⇔ x+ <
2 4 (x + 1)2 + 6 ≥ 6 for all x
!2
3 41
⇔ x+ <
2 4 9 − x2 − 2x − 7
√ √
3 41 3 41 = −(x2 + 2x + 1 − 1 + 7
⇔− − <x<− +
2 2 2 2
= −((x + 1)2 − 6
Since −(x + 1)2 ≤ 0 for all x

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−(x + 1)2 − 6 ≤ −6 for all x 10 a,b,c

106