MENTAL HEALTH STATE OF SELECTED HIGH

SCHOOL STUDENTS OF ARMM REGIONAL

SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL UNDER ONLINE,
MODULAR, AND BLENDED CLASSES

PSYCHOLOGY AND EDUCATION: A MULTIDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL

2023
Volume: 9
Pages: 858-860
Document ID: 2023PEMJ789
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.8032377
Manuscript Accepted: 2023-12-6
Psych Educ, 2023, 9: 858-860, Document ID:2023 PEMJ789, doi:10.5281/zenodo.8032377, ISSN 2822-4353
Research Article

Mental Health State of Selected High School Students of ARMM Regional Science
High School Under Online, Modular, and Blended Classes
Neo Manuel S. Calopez*, Alnoury M. Cauring
For affiliations and correspondence, see the last page.
Abstract
The lives of students are most stressed and strained by COVID-19, and they are engaged in the
transformed role of online, modular, and blended learning. This study aimed to determine the mental
health status of selected students of ARMM Regional Science High School under online, modular,
and blended classes. The 90 selected students of ARMM Regional Science High School under online,
modular, and blended classes were required to answer the General Health Questionnaire by Goldberg
and Hitler (1979) to determine their mental health status in utilizing different distance learning
classes in times of pandemic. It was recorded that students’ physical signs, insufficient activities,
anxiety, and depression were the same as usual with an overall mean of 2.5, and 2.6, respectively
both online and blended classes. This showed that students were mentally healthy amidst the COVID-
19 pandemic. But, students in modular class with an overall mean of 2.45 which denoted worse than
usual indicated mentally distressed. Based on the findings, the study concluded that the students in
online and blended classes were mentally healthy, while students in modular classes were mentally
distressed that they have experienced anxiety and depression.

Keywords: mental health, high school students, online, modular, and blended classes

Introduction modules (Marasigan, 2020).

However, the Department of Education (DepEd)

Nowhere is that more evident than in the lives of utilized learning modules to allow students to study at
students, staff, and faculty members engaged in the home while the coronavirus pandemic that still affects
transformed role of online and modular learning most parts of the Philippines. The death of a Grade 11
because of COVID-19. Their lives are more stressed Secondary Student death bares the dilemma facing
and strained by the pandemic which is an immense students due to the distance learning system rolled out
problem that is growing rapidly. With that, secondary by the DepEd, as depression among learners is feared
education adapts to teaching and learning at a distance,
likely to occur, especially for those who belong to low-
the workload and the learning load of adopting a new
income families. Thus, this study was made to
delivery mode are taking a huge toll on the lives of
investigate the state of mental health of selected junior
those in secondary education. While some students are
and senior high school students of ARMM Regional
thriving through online learning, the toll of the virus,
isolation, increased workloads, and other associated
Science High School under online, modular, and
effects are rising among many students. The mental blended classes.
and emotional pressures on students can be expressed
in deteriorated mental health in which anxiety and
Literature Review
stress are developed (Schroeder, 2020).

According to Segal (2020), mental health influences

how you think, feel, and behave in daily life. It also
affects your ability to cope with stress, overcome
challenges, build relationships, and recover from life’s
setbacks and hardships. Strong mental health isn’t just
the absence of mental health problems. Being mentally
or emotionally healthy is much more than being free of
depression, anxiety, or other psychological issues.
Rather than the absence of mental illness, mental
h ealth refer s to the pr esen ce of p o sitiv e
characteristics. Moreover, a distraught 16-year-old
Grade 11 Secondary Student in the town of Tupi,
South Cotabato has committed suicide due to the
alleged pressure and difficulty of learning school
Because teachers are not by students' side while they
answer their modules, they are having a hard time.
There are sometimes delays when it comes to passing
the modules due to the difficulties in the student’s
environment. Modules are answered at home where a
lot of tension can be built, the child might develop
anxiety because of a lack of peace in their studying
environment, some are occupied with other obligations
other than school work, and some students lack
parental support and have to go through with studying
alone (Eyes, 2020). Also, in modular class in the study
of Capinding (2022), students agreed that the school
work caused them anxiety.

Calopez & Cauring 858/860

Psych Educ, 2023, 9: 858-860, Document ID:2023 PEMJ789, doi:10.5281/zenodo.8032377, ISSN 2822-4353
Research Article
In the study of Navares (2022), students in distance
learning like in blended classes experienced moderate
psychological distress. Whereas, with pure online
classes, students may experience challenges as it
relates to increased screen time. Students may
experience an increased lack of motivation,
avoidance/procrastination, ineffective time
management, feelings of isolation due to limited
socialization in person, and minimized awareness and
understanding of others created by in-person
dialogues. In the unprecedented age of COVID-19,
anxiety onset by the unknown can disrupt online
schooling. Its main negative mental health
consequences among the students include increased
anxiety and absenteeism. (Oyaque & Brown, 2020).
Methodology
The descriptive research design was used in this study
in which the 28-item survey questionnaire by
Goldberg and Hitler (1979) was distributed to the 90
randomly selected junior and senior high school
students who under online, modular, and blended
classes at ARMM Regional Science High School, S.Y.
2021-2022 served as participants. The questionnaire
was given online via Google Forms. Descriptive
statistics were used to determine the students' mental Modular class, on the other hand, only physical signs
health status under modular, online, and blended and insufficient productivity activities garnered a mean
classes during pandemic.
Results and Discussion
Table 1. Mean results of the Mental Health State of
Students under Online class.
Calopez & Cauring
Table 2. Mean results of the Mental Health State of
Students under Modular Class.
Table 3. Mean results of the Mental Health State of
Students under Blended Class.
The mental health state of 30 student-participants is
examined. Physical signs, insufficient productivity
activities, and depression are the four main variables to
determine the mental health of a person. Results reveal
that all of the variables mentioned are the same as
usual with an overall mean of 2.5. This indicates that
students in pure online classes are mentally healthy.
Online teaching-learning use digital technologies to
enhance student (Dziuban, Graham, Moskal, Norberg
& Sicilia, 2018).
of 2.7, and 2.5, respectively which denotes the same as
usual. This indicates that students in the modular class
are mentally well in terms of physical signs and
insufficient activities. The MBHTE-BARMM
implemented a simplified module called Learning
Activity Sheet (LAS) which is only composed of
significant and relevant activities that students can be
actively productive. Hence, students are not exhausted
with module work. With that, the module assists
students in understanding complex and difficult
concepts (Moon, 1998).
Whereas, anxiety and depression are both rated with a
mean of 2.3 denotes worse than usual. This indicates
that students under solely modular classes have
anxiety and depression. Through the modular
approach, students became depressed and had anxiety
due to an in cr e a s ed lack of m o t iv a t io n ,
859/860
Psych Educ, 2023, 9: 858-860, Document ID:2023 PEMJ789, doi:10.5281/zenodo.8032377, ISSN 2822-4353
Research Article
avoidance/procrastination, ineffective time
management, feelings of isolation due to limited
socialization in person, and minimized awareness and
understanding of others created by personal dialogues
(Oyaque et al., 2020). Moreover, it has an overall
mean of 2.45 which denotes worse than usual when
students in modular classes are mentally distressed that
they experience anxiety and depression. Students are
having a hard time answering their modules due to the
difficulties in the student’s environment and lack of
parental support. Modules are answered at home where
a lot of tension can be built, the child might develop
anxiety and eventually depressed (Eyes, 2020).
Furthermore, physical signs, anxiety, insufficient
productivity activities, and depression have a mean of
2.7, 2.6, 2.6, and 2.5, respectively with an overall
mean of 2.6 which denotes of same as usual which
indicates that students in the blended class are
mentally well. The concept of blended learning is to
combine the benefits of face-to-face and online
teaching and is gradually being integrated into
institutions. It offers flexibility in terms of availability,
it can promote deeper learning, reduce stress and
increase student satisfaction (Dzuiban et al., 2018).
This implies that the students in blended class are
mentally healthy.
Hence, the paper recommends further study to
determine the significant difference between the
mental health status of students under different
distance learning classes to traditional face-to-face
classes. It also recommends investigating the
phycological well-being of students and teachers this
post-pandemic and determine the significant difference
in terms of their performance in school.
Conclusion
Based on the findings, the study concludes that the
mental health state of selected students of ARMM
Regional Science High School under online and
blended classes are mentally healthy, while students
under modular classes are mentally distressed they
have anxiety and depression.
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Calopez & Cauring
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Affiliations and Corresponding Information
Neo Manuel S. Calopez
ARMM Regional Science High School
Department of Education - Philippines
Alnoury M. Cauring, LPT, MSciEd
ARMM Regional Science High School
Department of Education - Philippines
860/860