Biotechnology applications in the field of improving

poultry production
Genetic engineering is the most considered recent developmental
stage of biotechnology, which it was possible to transfer almost any gene
from any organism to another in order to complete the genetic system in it
and to produce a new genetically modified organism with better production
efficiency or the ability to produce an additional product that was not
produced before acquiring this gene.
Genetic map in chickens
Compilation of chicken genome sequences was released to public
databases in February 2004, and published in December 2004.
The chicken genome is about 1.3 * 1 / 100,000,000 (bp) base pare and
contains 30,000 to 50,000 genes, with a genetic map of 3,800 Centi
Morgan.
The problem facing genetic engineering in poultry ...
1- Difficulty accessing the first fertilized egg cell.
2- The fragility of the cell and its content of large amounts of yolk.
 The first genetically engineered chicken was produced in England, called
“Super Chicken". Then the patent was taken on it in the 1990s under the
name Macro Chicken.

 Recent trends in genetically engineered poultry:

Canada: 1.6 million eggs are traded daily and processed ... the shell, the
yolk, the white by using Chromatographic separation ...
- Ovalbumin 55%
- Ovotransferrin 12%
- Ovomucoid 11%
- Lysozyme 3.5%
- Ovomucin 1.5%
- Ovoinhibitor 1.5%
- Rioboflavin-binding protein 0.8%
- Avidin 0.05%
Only, Canada produces 50 tons of Lysozyme enzyme per year (a third of
the world's production), which is used in many pharmaceutical industries
as an inhibitor to bacterial growth. It was approved by the FAO and WHO
in 1992 and allowed to be used as a safe alternative to preserve food from
the use of sugar, salts, acids and Chemical preservatives materials such as
formaldehyde nitrates.

 There are many attempts to genetically alter poultry by inserting the

desired gene into the sperm, so that after fertilization, it transfers the
gene to the fertilized egg, which in turn gives a new individual
genetically modified.
 Bioinformatics
Bioinformatics is one of the most prominent fields that we need and the
demand for it is increasing day by day, as it is a field that combines
modern computer science with vital data of all kinds such as DNA,
proteins and enzymes.

This vital and biological information is dealt with using the latest
computer technology and the most sophisticated programs to come out
of it with useful information and new discoveries.

The field of Bioinformatics requires familiarity with several sciences in

order to become an expert in this field, these sciences include the
following:

- Basic Computer Science.

- Programming and its languages, where specific programming
languages are primarily needed in this field.
- Biology and Genetics.
- Information Technology.
What is bioinformatics?

- Classical bioinformatics: It is a science primarily used to analyze

protein and genomic sequences.
- The broadest definition: It is the analysis of a large amount of
biological information, whether genetic sequences or others,
through a computer.

What is the importance of the bioinformatics field?

- One of the most important applications of this science is database

analysis programs that save a lot of time and effort as well as need
enormous computer capabilities, and this type of applications
shorten the processes of conducting experiments and produce data
that enter into a lot of scientific research without the need to conduct
practical experiments that cost a lot of Time and effort, and top of
the examples in that aspect is the Human Genome Project whose
 final draft was completed early in 2001 due to the technological
revolution that greatly accelerated the project.
- Bioinformatics is also included in applications such as artificial
intelligence and research of transforming biological molecules such
as DNA as a "data storage". This science has the lion's share in
investments related to the field of biotechnology, especially in major
companies such as "Google" and "Microsoft - Microsoft." »Because
it provides tools that have many applications and at the same time
do not need huge capital in the beginning.
 One of the most advanced fields that have many applications that
have made a leap in the field of scientific research and medical and
pharmaceutical discoveries, including:
- Drug design and discovery
- The development in research concerned with predicting the protein
structure plays a fundamental role in the exploration of new drugs as
well as in drug design.
- Personal medicine applications.
- Applications in gene therapy.