National Oilwell Varco RS

Training Solutions
Amphion Controls Operators Course
Student Handbook

REFERENCE REFERENCE DESCRIPTION

This document contains proprietary and confidential information National Oilwell Varco
which belongs to National-Oilwell Varco, L.P., its affiliates or
subsidiaries (all collectively referred to hereinafter as "NOV"). It is Technical College and
loaned for limited purposes only and remains the property of NOV. Training Solutions
Reproduction, in whole or in part or use of this design or distribution 5200 N Sam Houston Pkwy W
of this information to others is not permitted without the express
written consent of NOV. This document is to be returned to NOV Suite 100
upon request and in any event upon completion of the use for Houston, TX 77086
which it was loaned. This document and the information contained Phone + 281.569.7800
and represented herein is the copyrighted property of NOV.
 National Oilwell Varco Fax + 281.569.7891
DOCUMENT NUMBER REV

2000016:8A/04 04

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REVISION HISTORY

04 02.08.2010 Format and Standarization T. Whitehead

03 Update to format
02 17.08.2009 Update to content
01 Initial document creation
Rev Date (dd.mm.yyyy) Reason for issue Prepared Checked Approved

CHANGE DESCRIPTION

Revision Change Description

03 Updated format for standardization
04 Formatting and standarization

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NOV Training Solutions Disclaimer

This manual was developed by National Oilwell Varco as a training guide and while every effort was
made to insure its accuracy, this manual is only intended to be used as a training aid. Improvements
in equipment including, but not limited to, design, engineering, materials, production methods or
customer specifications may necessitate changes in the equipment that may result in inconsistencies
between the contents of this publication and the end product. National Oilwell Varco reserves the right
to make these changes without incurring any liabilities or obligations beyond those stipulated in a
signed purchase contract with its customer. The images, photographs, charts, diagrams, drawings,
verbal contents and specifications contained herein are not to be construed as giving rise to any
warranty, and are not to be regarded as approval or disapproval of any specific product or practice on
the part of National Oilwell Varco.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

1 INTRODUCTION TO AMPHION ....................................................................................... 8

2 AMPHION EQUIPMENT OVERVIEW ............................................................................. 13
3 THEORY OF OPERATION ............................................................................................. 23
3.1 Distributed processing: .......................................................................................... 23
3.2 Tripping Design Objectives ................................................................................... 29
3.3 Drilling ................................................................................................................... 31
3.4 Stopping ................................................................................................................ 32
3.5 Soft Trip ................................................................................................................ 34
3.6 Safety – ZMS ........................................................................................................ 35
4 EQUIPMENT OPERATION ............................................................................................. 39
4.1 Equipment Operation Chairs ................................................................................. 39
4.2 Power Slips ........................................................................................................... 47
4.3 ADS-10 Drawworks ............................................................................................... 50
4.4 TDS-8 Top Drive System ...................................................................................... 85
4.5 Pipe Handling ........................................................................................................ 95
4.6 Mud Pumps ......................................................................................................... 131
4.7 Auxiliaries ............................................................................................................ 135
5 MAINTENANCE AND TROUBLESHOOTING .............................................................. 137
5.1 Routine Maintenance .......................................................................................... 137
5.2 Troubleshooting .................................................................................................. 143
6 APPENDIX .................................................................................................................... 144

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Course Overview

This course is the Amphion Control Operator’s Course, which is intended for drillers,
assistant drillers or anyone else who will be working with the Amphion controls. Throughout
the course the instructor will focus primarily on the systems, components and operation of
the Amphion system. There are no prerequisites for this course.

Safer Drilling
Amphion was designed with safety in mind:
It is computer operated, minimizing the number of personnel on the floor, reducing the
potential for workplace incidents.
Field sensors continuously determine if all operational parameters are within specified
operational ranges.
Abnormal conditions will cause immediate action, including emergency shutdown.
The Automated Drilling System (ADS) incorporated in Amphion’s system employs software
to ensure:
Floor saver protection
Crown saver protection
Anti-birdsnesting
The ADS has a controlled smooth stop.
The ADS reduces the potential for kicks.
The operator remains primarily responsible for safe operation!
The most important safety tool is your brain. Use it.

Safety Guidelines
Even though Amphion was designed for safety when drilling, there are still potential
hazards. It is necessary to follow these safety guidelines:
Always wear PPE (personal protective equipment).
Be aware of the surroundings (e.g. where is the nearest exit, phone, first aid kit, fire
extinguisher, etc.).
Be aware of the personnel on the floor at ALL times.
In case of an emergency engage the e-stop and set the parking brake.
Do NOT perform maintenance or repairs while the equipment is in operation.

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Safety Guidelines (Continued)

Do NOT remove compact flash memory cards from the tool controllers during operation.
The parking brake should be applied when:
The driller’s station is unattended
The drawworks are left unattended
Maintenance is being done on any of the tools operated by Amphion
The air or hydraulic supply is being switched off or disconnected
Power is lost
The equipment run by Amphion may have electrical, hydraulic or pneumatic powered
components. Be aware of stored energy (i.e. voltage or pressure).

Course Objectives

Upon successful completion of this course the student will be able to:

1. Identify each major component of the Amphion Control System and explain its
function
2. Explain whether ownership can be taken or released based on the appearance of
the ownership button on the touchscreen
3. List the meaning of touchscreen lights and indicators
4. Explain the meaning of the four alarm colors and why unacknowledged alarms have
the highest priority
5. Demonstrate safe and efficient drilling and tripping operations on the Amphion
simulator

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1 INTRODUCTION TO AMPHION

History of Automated Drilling

Test Installation of First EDS

1935: First patent for an automatic driller was issued to Westinghouse.

1940s: Pneumatic feed control of band brakes was developed.
1980s: First use of microprocessors in the oil patch.
1988: Intel introduced the first commercial flash memory.
1992: BCS (Baylor Brake/MD Totco Control)
1993: Wildcat ADS was the first to incorporate Delta-P.
1995: BCS/AD added auto-drilling to BCS.
1999: First test unit of what would become EDS Amphion Rev. A (concept)
2000: First complete EDS unit was sold and installed.
2001: First Amphion installation: Maersk Giant: Rev. B with Cyberbase chairs
2002: Introduction of Wichita Brake and complete development of EDS
2004/5: First Amphion Rev. 3 installed on Ensco 106

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What is Amphion?

Amphion is a
comprehensive, tool-
centric rig control
system that provides a
uniform and consistent
interface to rig tools.

Each tool is operated by its own fully capable computer: the tool controller.

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Swing Workstation

Front Entry Chair

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Wrap-Around Workstation

Rapid Rig Workstation

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Cyberbase Workstation

Types of Workstations

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2 AMPHION EQUIPMENT OVERVIEW

Objectives

Upon completion of this chapter, the students will be able to:

Identify and label the major components of the Amphion system

Describe those components and explain their functions

Complete a flow chart of the Amphion system and explain how the components work
together

Amphion Hierarchical Overview

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Top Level: Touch Screen (HMI)

Top Level: Touch Screen (DWS)

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Top Level: Joysticks

Top Level: Switches and Controls

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Top Level: Switches and Controls

The Emergency Stop is the exception to this

rule. For safety reasons, emergency stops are
hard-wired to the equipment and do not
require the computers or other controllers to
be operating correctly in order to stop the
equipment. Instead, the emergency stop
button interrupts power to the equipment and it
remains interrupted until the button is manually
returned to its normal (non-emergency) state.

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Top Level: Switches and Controls

For dial settings we do not use pots,

since they must store their state as the
resistance presented to the circuit by the
position of their wiper (put this in English
and maybe diagram on the board)

Instead we use rotary encoders, which

report their movement, not their position,
to the circuit. So the present position of
each encoder corresponds to the present
value of the parameter and motion of the
encoder, CW or CCW, causes a change.
We could in fact, except it would be
inconvenient for the driller, use one
encoder for all adjustable values!

Note how value on HMI screen responds to dial.

Note how the value on the readout above the dial responds to changes made on the HMI.

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Multi-tool Controller Cabinet (MTC)

The MTC houses most of the electronic equipment, including:

Single Board Computers (SBCs), both tool controllers and gateways
Network switches (typically Moxa)
Remote I/Os (typically Wago)
Optical Link Modules (OLMs)
Power supplies
Circuit breakers

The MTCs are located in safe areas such as

The Local Electronic Room (LER)
Drillers cabin
Power House

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Level 2 (Ethernet): Network Switches

The network switches (Moxa

switches), arranged in a
redundant ring, are the backbone
of the Ethernet network.

Single Board Computers (SBCs) are used both as tool

controllers and as gateways (to tools not made for
Amphion).
Each tool controller is programmed with the logic required
to automate and monitor a specific piece of rig equipment.
The touch screen accesses the SBCs own web page,
then the operator can send an input to the SBC which in
turn controls the tool.

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Level 2 (Ethernet): Ethernet

I/O (Inputs and Outputs) are the points where Amphion is directly connected to the rig tools.

Ethernet I/O, while slower than I/O directly connected to a tool controller, has the
advantage that it can be addressed by any tool controller or gateway on the Ethernet ring.
This permits a single I/O block to serve several controllers, reducing the complexity and
cost of wiring.

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Level 3: Industrial Busses

More common is I/O connected directly to an SBC (tool controller or gateway) via an
industrial buss, usually Profibus DP.

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Bottom Level: I/O – Inputs

Outputs

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3 THEORY OF OPERATION

Objectives

Upon completion of this chapter, the students will be able to:

List Amphion’s design objectives for:
Overall control of rig tools
Tripping
Drilling
Identify, interpret and use common screen elements

Describe Amphion’s methods for stopping motion in both normal and abnormal
conditions

Describe the Zone Management System and explain its operation

Interpret alarm color coding and severity of alarm conditions

General Description

3.1 Distributed processing:

Each tool is controlled by its own computer.

Consistent web-based interface:

Every tool is accessed via Internet Explorer.
The same task (e.g. adjusting a setpoint) is always done the same way.
Controls that look alike typically work alike on every tool.
Alarms and information are reported in a consistent and color coded manner.

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Screen Controls I

Screen Controls I

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Screen Controls I

Screen Controls I

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Screen Controls I

Screen Controls I

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Screen Controls I

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Alarm Display I

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3.2 Tripping Design Objectives

Maximum SAFE speed of block movement

Crown and floor protection
Prevention of “birds-nesting”
Minimal tripping time

Tripping I

Maximum SAFE speed of block movement calculated from:

Hook load
Block position
Block direction
Block speed
Block acceleration
Available braking torque

Tripping II

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Tripping III

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3.3 Drilling

Design objective:
Maintain consistent preset pressure on the bit
Four parameters:
Rate of penetration (ROP)
Weight on bit (WOB)
Top drive/rotary table torque output (torque)
Differential standpipe pressure (Delta-P)

Drilling – ROP Video

Drilling – WOB Video
Drilling – Torque Video
Drilling – Delta P Video
Drilling – Lower Setpoint Video
Drilling – Raise Setpoint Video

Safety
When Amphion was designed safety was a primary
consideration. Although there are many safety features
within the Amphion system, two require special attention:
Stopping the block
Zone Management System

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3.4 Stopping
IEC60204-1 defines three categories of stop functions:
Category 0
Stopping by immediate removal of power to the machine actuators (i.e. an
uncontrolled stop)
Category 1 (This is not used)
A controlled stop with power available to the machine actuators to achieve the
stop and then a removal of power once the stop is achieved.
Category 2
A controlled stop with power left available to the machine actuators.

Category 0 Stop:
Dumps all air/hydraulic fluid from brake cylinders (brakes are spring-applied/pneumatic
or hydraulic- released)
Sends “Drive Off” commands to VFDs, as well as zero speed and minimum torque
commands
Category 0 is an uncontrolled stop! (a screeching halt)
Does not follow the deceleration profile and carries significant risk of “bird’s-nesting.”
Category 0 is invoked only when stopping the block outweighs all other considerations.

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Stopping

Category 0 stop is invoked when:

The driller’s emergency stop button is pressed
The Automatic Drawworks System (ADS) controller fails
The Crown-o-Matic switch is activated
The block lowers when held by the motors and zero-speed is commanded
The block moves up or down while parked
Communication is lost with the remote I/O block controlling the brake solenoid valves

Category 2 stop:
Normal operation stops are technically category 2 stops. However, the term category 2
is only used for stops under abnormal or emergency conditions.
Category 2 stops follow the deceleration profile just like normal operational stops. The
difference is that category 2 stops are initiated automatically by Amphion in response to
a fault or emergency condition.

A category 2 stop will occur when:

Two drawworks rotary encoders have failed (and all of the encoders are enabled)
Two hook load sensors have failed (and all of the sensors are enabled)
Communication is lost with the remote I/O (except the brake I/O)
Brake air or hydraulic pressure is low
Torque transfer from motor to brake has failed
An enabled autodrill parameter (ROP, WOB, Torque, Delta-P) exceeds its setpoint by a
specified margin for more than 5 seconds

A category 2 stop also occurs when:

The velocity profile is not being followed
Block movement in the hoisting direction is detected when there is a stopping command
Communication is lost with a VFD
A VFD, chopper or resistor fails

Special Note On the Emergency Stop

What will happen if you press Emergency Stop now?

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3.5 Soft Trip

In addition to the IEC specified Category 0 and Category 2 stops, Amphion incorporates
one other emergency action:

The soft trip – A soft trip neither stops nor slows the block but it does prevent the block
velocity from being raised above 25% of its maximum and prevents un-parking if the
block is parked.

If a soft trip occurs while the block is traveling at 25% or less of maximum velocity, it
cannot be run faster than 25% except by pressing the override button.

If a soft trip occurs while the block is traveling at a velocity greater than 25% of
maximum, it will continue at its present velocity until slowed either by the driller or by the
normal deceleration process when approaching a travel stop or limit. Once slowed
below 25% of maximum, it cannot be run faster than 25% except by pressing the
override.

If a soft trip occurs while the block is parked, the parking brake cannot be released
except by pressing the override.

A soft trip will occur when:

Actuation energy is low for either brake
Gearbox lubrication pressure is low to either brake
Cooling water outlet temperature from either brake is high (water cooled only)
Cooling water inlet temperature to either brake is high (water cooled only)
Cooling water temperature rise is excessive in either brake (water cooled only)
Cooling water flow is low to either brake (water cooled only)
High temperature occurs on any phase of any motor

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3.6 Safety – ZMS

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Safety – ZMS

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Safety – ZMS

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Safety – ZMS

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4 EQUIPMENT OPERATION

Objectives
Upon completion of this chapter, the students will be able to:
Read and explain onscreen information

Navigate the screens and sub-screens to find desired functions

Operate the tools safely and efficiently on the simulator

4.1 Equipment Operation Chairs

4.1.1 Joystick Calibration

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Joystick Calibration

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Joystick Calibration

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4.1.2 Hook Load Gauge Calibration

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Hook Load Gauge Calibration

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Hook Load Gauge Calibration

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Hook Load Gauge Calibration

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Hook Load Gauge Calibration

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4.2 Power Slips

Power Slips Screen

This screen is from the Awilco Wilcraft, which does not have an auto greaser in the RST
(Rotary Service Table).

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Power Slips Screen

This screen is from an AC Ideal Rig, which includes the auto greaser.

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Opening and Closing

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4.3 ADS-10 Drawworks

Startup and Drive Assignment

Assignment connects the motors to the VFDs. You must assign the drives before you can
do anything else.

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Auxiliaries

Auxiliaries will be automatically started when the drives are assigned.

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4.3.1 Calibration – Full Block

You must do a full calibration at every rig-up, any time power has been interrupted to the
drawworks tool controller or after a slip or cut. The block positions shown in red also
indicate a need to calibrate (you should see this anytime power has been interrupted to the
drawworks tool controller).

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Calibration – Full Block

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Calibration – Full Block

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Calibration – Full Block

Do not ever under any circumstances for any reason cancel calibration!!!
Once you reach this point, your old calibration values (or the defaults if you’ve just powered
up) have been wiped out and no new ones have been entered. If you cancel calibration
now, the system will disable all three rotary encoders and will not let you re-enable them.
Once a calibration has been canceled, you will not be able to move the block because the
rotary encoders are disabled and you will not be able to enable the rotary encoders
because they aren’t calibrated. The only fix is to call service and have them send a tech
out and you will not be able to drill until he gets there.

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Calibration – Full Block

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Calibration – Full Block

This page is a little confusing, especially if you’re familiar with the EDS, which requires
capturing every layer transition.
You are only going to see this page once and you are only going to capture ONE layer
transition. Most often that will be the first layer, as it is in this example. (The only times you
are going to be capturing any other layers are when you slip without cutting.)

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Calibration – Full Block

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Calibration – Full Block

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Calibration – Full Block

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Calibration – Full Block

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Calibration – Full Block

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4.3.2 Calibration – Elevator Position

You must do an Elevator Position Calibration if you’ve changed the links or the elevator,
making the traveling assembly longer or shorter.

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Calibration – Elevator Position

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Calibration – Elevator Position

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Calibration – Elevator Position

4.3.3 Calibration – Hook Load Tare

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Calibration – Hook Load Tare

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Calibration – Hook Load Tare

4.3.4 Calibration – Standpipe Tare

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Calibration – Standpipe Tare

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4.3.5 Tripping

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Tripping

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4.3.6 Slip and Cut

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Slip and Cut

Remember that you must do a full block calibration after slip and cut!

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4.3.7 Drilling

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Drilling

Drilling – Trends and Gain Adjust

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Drilling – Reaming

4.3.8 Tool Diagnostics

*Note that Amphion can continue to operate normally with only two working encoders, but
NOT with one encoder; so a failed encoder should be replaced as soon as possible.

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Tool Diagnostic

Amphion can operate normally with only one (1) working hookload sensor. Given that all
three sensors are in a single package – and that that package is very expensive – we
recommend you change it only if two (2) sensors have failed.

4.3.9 Drawworks Status

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ADS-10D with air-cooled brakes

Drawworks Status

ADS-10T with water-cooled brakes

4.3.10 Tests

Warning - The block must be parked with minimal load (empty traveling assembly)
before initiating any brake test.

Brake tests vary from model to model.

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Brake Tests

If you press the “Close” button it will close the green window but will not halt the brake test.
DO NOT attempt to unpark or move the block until notified that the brake test is complete!

Brake Capacity Test

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Brake Valve Test

Brake Measurement

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Motor/VFD Status

4.3.11 Drilling Overview

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Drilling Overview

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4.3.12 ADS-10 Cheat Sheet

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ADS-10 Cheat Sheet (Continued)

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4.4 TDS-8 Top Drive System

Operator Default (Elev/TW/IBOP) Screen

Brake Screen

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Links Screen

Dolly Screen

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Top Drive Menu

Spin Mode Setup Screen

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Spin Mode Setup

Maintenance Mode Screen

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Drilling Trends – Speed (Day)

Drilling Trends – Speed (Hour)

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Drilling Trends – Torque (Day)

Drilling Trends – Torque (Hour)

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Motors Default (VFD Status) Screen

Motors Screen (Temp Status)

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Alarms Screen

Making Up to Drill String

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Breaking Out from Drill String

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4.4.1 TDS-8 Cheat Sheet (Continued)

TDS-8 Cheat Sheet (Continued)

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4.5 Pipe Handling

4.5.1 Pre-setting the AR3200-M Iron Roughneck

The AR3200-M always has to be set up when first assigned; it will not know the positions of
its Spin and Torque wrenches; follow the instructions in the black flag at the lower left.

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Pre-setting the AR3200-M Iron Roughneck

AR3200-M Operator’s Screen

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4.5.2 Pre-setting the Fingerboards

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Pre-setting the Fingerboards

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Pre-setting the Fingerboards

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Pre-setting the Fingerboards

4.5.3 PRS-8i Racker – Jaws and Claws

Jaws grip the pipe and are able to move it up and down;
Claws surround the pipe and provide guidance to keep it on track.
This is the Tail Claw.

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PRS-8i Racker – Jaws and Claws

With all the jaws closed (Hoist Jaw Grip), the PRS is able to hoist and lower pipe and move
it about;
With the topmost jaw open (Hoist Jaw Roller), the PRS cannot hoist or lower pipe but will
support it vertically in the rollers while the Iron Roughneck spins it in or out.

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PRS-8i Racker – Jaws and Claws

With the hoist jaw open and hoist claw closed, the PRS not only can support the pipe
vertically, but the jaws and claws can slide up and down on the pipe without losing control
of it.
With the hoist claw open, the PRS has let go of the pipe (note that the tail claw opens
automatically when the hoist claw is opened.)

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4.5.4 Pre-setting the PRS-8i Racker

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Pre-setting the PRS-8i Racker

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PRS-8i Joystick

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4.5.5 Tripping In

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Tripping In

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Tripping In

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Tripping In

4.5.6 Tripping Out

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Tripping Out

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Tripping Out

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Tripping Out

4.5.7 Building Stands

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Building Stands

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Building Stands

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Building Stands

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Building Stands

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Building Stands

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Building Stands

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Building Stands

Building Stands

Training Solutions

One Company … Unlimited Solutions 151

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Building Stands

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Building Stands

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Building Stands

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Building Stands

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Building Stands

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Building Stands

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Building Stands

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Building Stands

4.5.8 Breaking Stands

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Breaking Stands

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Breaking Stands

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Breaking Stands

4.5.9 Parking the PRS-8i

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4.6 Mud Pumps

Mud Pumps Operator Screen

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Mud Pump Menu

Mud Pump Power Limit Trends

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Mud Pump Power Limit Power Plant

Mud Pump Status

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Mud Pump Status

Mud Pump Auxiliaries

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4.7 Auxiliaries

Catheads

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HPU

Rotary Support Table (RST)

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5 MAINTENANCE AND TROUBLESHOOTING

5.1 Routine Maintenance

Amphion is an all-electronic system with no moving parts, hence little in the way of
routine maintenance is required.
Dirt is public enemy number one of every electronic system, including Amphion.
Keep the Amphion system clean.

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Routine Maintenance

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Routine Maintenance

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Routine Maintenance

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Routine Maintenance

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Routine Maintenance – UPS

Testing the UPS battery:

1. If the block is empty (preferred, if possible), set the elevator on the floor and set the
parking brake. If the block is not empty, set the load in the slips and set the parking
brake.
2. Unplug the UPS from main AC power.
3. In the case of the Sola UPS with 7-segment display on the front, the display will
show how many minutes of battery power remain. If less than five (5), arrange to
have the batteries replaced as soon as possible.
4. If there is no display on the UPS, wait five (5) minutes. If your HMIs are not still
powered at the end of five (5) minutes, arrange to have the batteries replaced as
soon as possible.
5. Plug the UPS back in and insure that its indicators show normal before resuming
operation.

Note: UPS batteries are generally expected to last four or five years in normal use.
Prudence would dictate replacing them every two years.

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5.2 Troubleshooting

Step 1: Is it plugged in?

Step 2: Is it turned on?
Step 3: What did I do right before the problem occurred?
Step 4: Can I safely undo it?
Step 5: Did undoing it make the problem go away?

Troubleshooting – UPS Alarm

If the UPS alarm sounds:

You are running on battery power. If you have tested your batteries lately, you know you
have five minutes that you can count on.

PARK THE BLOCK and SET THE LOAD IN THE SLIPS!

(Don’t even think of doing anything else until the load is secured, period. Not
even if you know you can fix the problem in ten seconds.)

Is the rig dark?

Is the UPS plugged in? Turned on? Do the lights on the UPS help?

At this point, you’ll need the assistance of your rig electrician.

Troubleshooting – Other Common Alarms

Ramp failed:
Turn it back on and try again.

Communication failure:
This will occur when powering up, as all the SBCs do not come online at the same time.
If it does not clear (turn grey with an entry under “Inactive Date”) within five minutes of
power-up or if it occurs during operation, refer to rig electrician or ET.

PID has shut down due to a large position error or I/O failure:
Retry the operation. If the error recurs, shut down the affected equipment and refer it to
the rig electrician or ET.

Drive fault:
Reset the drive the first time. If it happens again refer to rig electrician or ET.

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6 APPENDIX

Glossary of Terms

AC: Alternating Current

ADS: Automatic Drawworks System

Alternating Current: Electrical current that changes magnitude and direction cyclically

Break (Drilling Break): A condition that occurs when the bit passes from a denser to a
less dense formation, WOB, Torque and Delta P fall and ROP increases when this occurs

CANbus: Controller Area Network Bus - an industrial communication standard, developed

jointly by the companies Intel, Robert Bosch, and GMBH, for connecting I/O modules to
PLCs or embedded processors

Casing Stabbing Basket: A movable platform with safety enclosure that the casing
stabbing crew rides while placing casing

CPU: Central Processing Unit

CSB: Casing Stabbing Basket

DC: Direct Current

Delta P: Differential Pressure: as an autodrilling setpoint, the difference between present

standpipe pressure and the value of standpipe pressure with the bit off-bottom

Direct Current: Electrical current that only flows in one direction

Drill Stop Point: The point at which downward motion is to stop while drilling; as this point
is determined by the height of the elevator above the drill floor and the elevator is swung up
out of the way for drilling, the value of this setpoint is usually negative.

Drilling Break: A condition that occurs when the bit passes from a denser to a less dense
formation, WOB, Torque and Delta P fall and ROP increases when this occurs

Dynamic Braking: The use of AC motors, in generator mode, to provide braking

Elevator Position Calibration: A quick recalibration of the block position, generally done
to account for a change in links (longer or shorter) or elevator (taller or shorter)

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Glossary of Terms

Ethernet: The most common networking scheme in use today, specifying both the physical
layers and the protocols used to connect computers and computing devices

Full Block Calibration: A complete calibration of the position-measurement system, done

anytime power has been interrupted to the system or after a slip and cut

Gain Adjust: An on-the-fly adjustment of the weight given to changes in the value of one of
the drilling parameters, done to either reduce response time or to smooth out the response
curve

Gateway: An SBC (see Single Board Computer) used to connect a customer-supplied

intelligent tool that does not support Ethernet to the Ethernet “backbone”

High Travel Limit: The maximum height to which the top of the block can be raised without
use of the ADS Override.

High Travel Stop: The height of the top of the block when hoisting motion will
automatically stop; to raise the block beyond this height (up to the High Travel Limit) it is
necessary to return the joystick to the zero-speed (center) position, then move it again into
the hoisting range (rearward).

HMI: Human Machine Interface

Hoisting Deceleration Point: The uppermost point at which the block begins deceleration
to safely stop the block without passing the Upper Travel Limit while maintaining proper
tension on the drill line
Hook Load Tare: The weight of the traveling assembly (block, top drive, links, elevator,
etc.) see Tare

Human Machine Interface: Touch screen computers which allow the operator to work and
interact with the equipment

I/O: Inputs and outputs

Inverter: A device that converts DC (Direct Current) into AC (Alternating Current)

Low Travel Limit: The minimum height (above the drill floor) to which the bottom of the
elevator can be lowered without engaging the ADS Override (when tripping -- see Drill Stop
Point).

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Glossary of Terms

Low Travel Stop: The height (above the floor) of the elevator at which lowering motion will
automatically stop; to go below this point (down to the Low Travel Limit), it is necessary to
return the joystick to the zero-speed (center) position, then move it forward again into the
lowering range.

Lower Deceleration Point: The lowest point at which dynamic braking can be used to
safely stop the block without passing the Lower Travel Limit while maintaining proper
tension on the drill line

Modbus: Modicon Buss - A communications standard for industrial and process-control,

developed by Modicon, for PLCs (programmable logic controllers) that is now in the public
domain

Moxa Switch: Ethernet switches, manufactured by Moxa Technologies Inc., that support a
redundant ring topology and provide interconnection between twisted-pair and fiber-optic
physical layers

MTC: Multi Tool Controller Cabinet

Multi Tool Controller Cabinet: A cabinet which houses the SBCs and other Amphion
related electronic components

OLM: Optical Link Module

Optical Link Modul: A device for connecting copper network cables to fiber-optic and
converting signals between them

PLC: Programmable Logic Controller

PROFIBUS DP: Process Field Bus, Decentral Peripherals - an industry wide protocol
optimized for industrial and process-control communication

Programmable Logic Controller: A digital computer that has been optimized specifically
for industrial process-control

ROP: Rate Of Penetration - the downward speed of the bit when drilling

Rotary Support Table (Rotary Table): A rotating section of the drillfloor used to turn the
drill pipe.

RST: Rotary Support Table

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Glossary of Terms

RTD: Resistive Thermal Device - an electronic temperature sensor

SBC: Single-Board Computer

Single Board Computer: A full featured computer with a microprocessor and all support
circuitry on a single PC board

Standpipe Tare: The standpipe pressure when the mudpumps are off, 0 psi

Step 7: Latest version of Siemens PLC control software

Stick-Slip: A condition that occurs when the bit is prevented from turning by material
encountered in the formation. The top drive continues to apply torque to the drill string,
twisting the drill pipe until enough torsion is stored to break the bit free and the bit then
turns then sticks, repeating the cycle. In extreme cases, the bit may be damaged or the drill
pipe broken. ROP falls during Stick-Slip, WOB is unaffected and Torque and Delta P rise. A
limit on Torque is the best means of limiting Stick-Slip

Tare: Unloaded weight (typically it's the empty weight of a container, truck, trailer or crate);
on drilling rigs, the weight of the block and top drive assembly without any drill pipe or the
standpipe pressure when the mud pumps are off.

Tool Controller: Single Board Computer (SBC) used to control NOV-manufactured rig
tools

Torque: A force that tends to produce rotation. Also, a measure of the effectiveness of that
force

Torque (as Autodrill parameter): The maximum torque to be applied by the top drive
motor to the top of the drill string. Braking will be applied to the drawworks to reduce WOB
if this value is exceeded. Useful in limiting Stick-Slip

Variable Frequency Drive: An inverter (see above) whose output frequency and voltage
can be varied. Used to power AC motors and control their speed and torque

VFD: Variable Frequency Drive

WOB: Weight On Bit - the downward pressure applied to the bit, measured by subtracting
present hook load from the hook load measured with the bit off-bottom

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ZMS: Zone Management System

Zone Management System: A system of monitoring and managing the movement of

equipment within its predefined operational space to prevent interference and collisions
with the rig structure and other equipment.

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