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Il mondo infatti viene percepito positivamente o negativamente rispetto alla funzione, e il nucleo emozionale si
attiva o torna quiescente a seconda che la percezione sia a carattere prevalentemente negativa oppure sia tornata in
limiti sopportabili, secondo il principio di autoregolazione organismica.
L’attività immaginativa, prodotta dal comportamento appetitivo che sempre cerca fonti di stimolo e quando non le
trova se le crea, attiva tutte le funzioni psichiche: quella che già tendeva al primo piano avoca a sé la maggior
parte delle fantasie e così si autostimola continuamente. Diventata esagerata, tende a una lettura unilaterale del
mondo vedendo solo la faccia che la attiva.
La reazione difensiva dell’organismo alla minaccia evocata dall’attività immaginativa, si condenza in una
fissazione, vale a dire in un’atteggiamento ideologico che iperstimola il nucleo emozionale, costringendolo a
un’attività continua.
Il nucleo emozionale iperstimolato costringe a modificare il mondo nel senso richiesto dalla funzione,
incrementando implicitamente la fissazione, per contrastare il campo di forze creato dalle fantasie: si inflaziona la
funzione e si alimenta la passione.
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