Chemistry Journal

1.03 Energy and Temperature

Driving Question: How do heat and energy affect the motion of particles that
make up matter?

Key Ideas and Terms Notes

FQ: What are the different forms of energy?
What is energy, and Energy is the ability to cause change or the ability to do work and is
what is its unit of measured in the SI unit Joules. All forms of energy can be measured in
measure? a unit called Joule.
What is work? Work is the process of causing matter to move against an opposing
force. When matter moves, it is changing position, and that requires
energy.

Define potential Potential energy is the energy an object has because of its position or
energy. composition

List examples of For example, a person standing on a high platform before a bungee
potential energy with jump has potential energy before the fall.
their descriptions.

Define kinetic energy. Kinetic energy is energy an object has due to its motion.
List examples of A car rolling down the street, particles of air moving around inside a
kinetic energy with balloon, and a bungee jumper falling through the air are all examples of
their descriptions. objects with kinetic energy.

FQ: How is energy conserved during physical and chemical processes?

What is the law of energy can be converted from one form to another, but it is not created
conservation of or destroyed in ordinary physical and chemical processes
energy?

Give two examples of For example, gasoline sits in the tank of a car as chemical energy, a
energy conversion. type of potential energy. When the engine is started, the gas is sucked
into the cylinder, mixed with air, and exploded with a spark from the
spark plug. The energy of the explosion is converted to mechanical
energy as it pushes down the piston. When you put the car in gear,
that energy is transmitted through a series of gears and a drive shaft to
the wheels, which push on the road to move the car.
What is the difference In truth, instead of "conserve energy," we should probably say "prevent
between trying to energy transformation, and store energy." The term "conservation of
conserve energy and energy" explains that as energy changes form, its total amount does
not change.
the conservation of
energy?

FQ: How is heat different than temperature?

When heat is When heat transfers to the molecules in the coffee, they vibrate faster,
transferred to increasing their kinetic energy. This increases the number of collisions
molecules, they move between the particles to break down sugar molecules.
_______, their kinetic
energy ________, and
the number of
collisions between the
molecules ________.

What does temperature The average kinetic energy of molecules is what determines
measure? the temperature of a substance. So, hotter objects have faster-moving
particles and higher temperatures.
What are the freezing Fahrenheit Unit of temperature used in the English System
and boiling points of °F 32 °F 212 °F
water in the three CelsiusMost common unit of measurement worldwide. Used by
different temperature scientists in many laboratory experiments. °C 0 °C 100 °C
scales? Kelvin The SI unit of temperature. This scale was developed to
avoid having negative temperature measurements. K 273.15
K 373.15 K
How do you convert 98C + 273.15 = 371.15 Kelvin
between Celsius and 320K − 273.15 = 46.85 degrees Celsius
Kelvin? Record some −23C + 273.15 = 250.15 Kelvin
practice conversions.

How does increased  Although warmer ocean waters can increase the solubility of harmful
temperature affect the pollutants in the ocean, it will decrease the ocean’s ability to dissolve
amount of salt, carbon, gases, like carbon dioxide. This leads to more global warming, and
more warming oceans
and other substances
able to dissolve in the
ocean? What are the
resulting effects?

Be sure to record any extra helpful notes, vocabulary terms, and practice sample problems.