ANALYZING THE FACTORS OF LACK OF CONFIDENCE IN

ENGLISH SPEAKING IN CLASSROOM LEARNING

PROPOSAL

Submited by :
Miftahul Jannah
200203040

The Students of Faculty of Education and Teacher Training

Department of English Language Education
Lecturer : Prof. Jarjani Usman, S.Ag., S.S., M.Sc., Ph.D.

ENGLISH LANGUAGE DEPARTMENT

FACULTY OF TEACHING TRAINING
AR-RANIRY STATE ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY
BANDA ACEH
2022 / 2023
 TABLE OF CONTENT

TABLE OF CONTENT ........................................................................................................................ ii

ABSTRACT .......................................................................................................................................... iii
CHAPTER I .......................................................................................................................................... 4
INTRODUCTION................................................................................................................................. 4
1.1 Background of Study .................................................................................................................. 4
1.2 Research Question ...................................................................................................................... 5
1.3 Aim of The Study ........................................................................................................................ 5
1.4 Significance of The Study ........................................................................................................... 6
CHAPTER II ......................................................................................................................................... 7
LITERATURE REVIEW .................................................................................................................... 7
2.1 Speaking ....................................................................................................................................... 7
2.2 The Element of Speaking ............................................................................................................ 8
2.3 Problem with Speaking Activities .............................................................................................. 9
2.4 The Characteristic Successful of Speaking ............................................................................. 10
2.5 Self-Confidence ......................................................................................................................... 11
2.6 Self Confidence in Speaking ..................................................................................................... 13
2.7 The Characteristic of Students with High and Low Self-Confidence .................................. 14
2.8 The Role of Teacher in Developing Students Self-Confidence.............................................. 15
2.9 Previous Study ........................................................................................................................... 16
CHAPTER III ..................................................................................................................................... 19
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ...................................................................................................... 19
3.1 Research Design .................................................................................................................. 19
3.2 Setting................................................................................................................................... 19
3.3 Data Collection .................................................................................................................... 19
3.4 Data Analysis ....................................................................................................................... 20
REFERENCES .................................................................................................................................... 21

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 ABSTRACT
Jannah, Miftahul. NIM. 200203040. Analyzing The Factors of Lack of Confidence in English
Speaking in Classroom Learning. Proposal. English Education Department. Faculty of
Education and Teacher Training. Ar-Raniry State Islamic University of Banda Aceh.

Confidence is very important. However, in this study there were many children who
didn’t have a strong sense of self-confidence due to several factors and several other things,
including they were afraid of mistakes and the lack of vocabulary they got, so that they were
less brave and confident in speaking English fluently, directly with friends. So the boarding
school must have a strong strategy to overcome this problem. One of the strong strategies to
overcome this is to provide two vocabularies a day and one conversation a week and it is also
required for students to memorize them at the end of each week, with this strategy, students
will be more confident to speak and practice it and students able to have more vocabulary so
as not to reduce their level of self-confidence in this way will create student’s interest in
mastering English in their daily lives. Data were collected using quantitative methods to
explore and understand how students individually or in groups practice English.

From this study it can be founds that the number of students who don’t speak is due to
their lack of self-confidence and lack of daily vocabulary income. And this has a big impact
on students in language, if the teacher doesn’t directly find a strong strategy for students so
that the problem can be resolved. It can also be concluded that the strategy used by the
teacher can produce progress in the students' anxiety in the lack of self-confidence that exists
in some students. By giving two vocabularies a day and one conversation a week, it is proven
to show the students' confidence to speak without fear of making mistakes when speaking.

Keywords : vocabularies, practice, speaking, strategy, self-confidence

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 CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of Study
Speaking skills are very important for students, speaking skills not only play an
important role but are also skills that are difficult for students to master, because speaking
can improve communication skills in students as well. Speaking skills have an important
role in conveying something that will show different characteristics for each person.
Based on the facts that we can find at the present time, many students have difficulty
speaking English. According to Gan (2012) revealed that most of the problems students
often face are lacking vocabulary and lack of self-confidence in students. The lack of self-
confidence in students can cause negative emotions to arise in students such as the
emergence of fear in students in speaking English in front of many people. This can also
reduce the demand for students to improve or develop their speaking skills. Apart from
that the teacher also plays an important role in developing speaking skills in students. The
teacher must create or design learning materials well and interestingly. According to
Young & Wang (2014) interesting learning activities such as language practice based on
games so that teachers are able to make students more confident and reduce students'
feelings of anxiety that arise due to fear of errors when learning practices are in progress.

According to Gurler (2015) that one of the psychological barriers that impede student
learning in improving speaking skills is a lack of self-confidence, having a sense of
shame, fear of making mistakes and the presence of anxiety in students. There are many
obstacles encountered in the process of developing speaking skills for novice students due
to anxiety, lack of confidence, embarrassment and fear of making mistakes so students
will feel worried when they have to speak in class. Maybe this fear arises because of fear
of being ridiculed by other students or fear of getting criticism from the teacher to
overcome this problem students conclude that they do not have to be active in class which
can hinder the improvement of their speaking skills. The ability to speak English will be
more easily mastered by students who have high self-confidence, because with self-

4
 confidence they will continue to have the courage to try without having to be afraid of
mistakes which through these mistakes they can develop for the better.

Confidence is something that must be possessed by students in the process of

developing speaking skills. According to Adalikwu (2012) self-confidence can be in the
form of a belief that someone has it in their ability to succeed in doing something. While
sometimes students can make mistakes in conversations where students are also still in
the learning process, therefore the role of the teacher is needed here to advise or provide
good feedback to students by not criticizing excessively which can make students
mentally down so students choose to be silent and not active in class. this will also have
an impact on hampering the development of students' speaking skills which should be
perfectly developed if the students' mentality is not damaged.

To fill in the gaps in other research, therefore this research exists to find the effect of
self-confidence on students which will hinder students in improving their speaking skills.
basically self-confidence is very important in improving speaking skills but many of the
students do not dare or do not want to express how much self-confidence affects their
learning to speak. the relationship between speaking ability and self-confidence has been
widely studied by several researchers: according to Rosymanto (2018) and Normawati
(2016) speaking ability and self-confidence are significantly correlated. they revealed that
students' speaking ability was significantly influenced by students' self-confidence, such
as speech, students would need a great sense of self-confidence to be able to speak in
front of many people and students had difficulty in doing so.

This research also focuses on the factors or causes that make students lack self-
confidence to improve their speaking skills. Self-confidence is very important for students
to have in order to be able to improve students' speaking skills. therefore this study will
discuss what influences the lack of confidence in students when speaking.

1.2 Research Question

1. Is there correlation between students self-confidence and their speaking ability?
2. What are the factors can influence students to speak English in classroom?

1.3 Aim of The Study

Based on the problems in this study, this study aims to:
1. To find out what factors cause a lack of student participation in classroom learning.
2. To find out what factors can influence students' self-confidence in speaking English.

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 3. To investigate what solutions should be done by the teacher to overcome these
problems in students.

In addition, this study also aims to identify how much influence self-confidence has
on English speaking ability. Confidence is one of the factors that can hinder students'
success in improving English speaking skills.

1.4 Significance of The Study

This research is expected to be able to make a significant contribution to teachers in
order to overcome the lack of self-confidence in students when speaking English. This
research is expected to be able to provide insight to people who also have the following
interests:
1. English language educators
This research will help English teachers to find out more about some of the
factors of students' lack of confidence when speaking English, the obstacles that occur
in students and how to overcome these problems. This research is also useful for
helping teachers to remain professional, productive and effective in developing
learning models so that students will feel comfortable, interested and not bored during
learning.
2. English language learners
This research will help students to add information on what causes the lack of
confidence to express their opinions in general in English. This research is also able to
help students to find out what factors can increase their confidence to express their
opinions in general in English.
3. Further researchers
This research is also expected to help become additional information for future
researchers who have the same topic so that the problems under study can continue to
develop and get many different solutions so that they are able to overcome the
problems being studied.

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 CHAPTER II

LITERATURE REVIEW
In this chapter, the researcher discusses several theories related to research. This includes
speaking, the elements of speaking, problems in speaking, the characteristics of successful
speaking, self confidence, self confidence in speaking, the characteristics of students with
high and low self confidence, the role of teacher in developing students self confidence and
previous studies.

2.1 Speaking
Speaking is communication carried out by humans through speaking English which
comes from the word "speak" which means "to speak", we can also interpret speaking as a
tool so that humans are able to express opinions. So, what is meant by speaking here is
expressing or expressing an opinion that someone wants to convey through words. However,
speaking is not just a matter of expressing an opinion, while speaking must also be able to
produce appropriate and correct language so that it is in accordance with the functions and
rules that exist in a foreign language.

According to Webster (1982), speaking is an activity carried out by someone in order to

convey information or express the contents of one's thoughts or opinions in a foreign
language. If humans express it by saying words or by articulating sounds, other people will
easily connect thoughts between one person and another. Therefore, when someone is
talking, that person will also think about what they are going to say. Meanwhile, in the
listener's position, you will fully listen to the other person who is speaking so that you are
able to assess what the other person has said, so that the listener is able to give or express his
opinion to that person.

Speaking is also a skill that can involve knowledge, pronunciation, grammar, vocabulary
and culture. There are also conditions where some people use talking to solve a problem
between other human beings. Words will describe the meaning of an opinion that the person
wants to convey, sometimes humans also use words in speaking to ask for help in a good and
polite way or even those who use words to speak as a joke with the other person. Speaking is
one of the four skills that exist in a foreign language which will be useful for expressing

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ideas, opinions, thoughts and even our feelings towards other people which will be conveyed
to that person through speaking by making words out. Speaking is an important ability in a
foreign language because as we know that speaking is a means of communication between
people. Without speaking, we will not be able and able to express our opinions among human
beings and with bad communication it can also worsen our relationships with people around
our environment.

Students must improve their speaking skills so that they can form good communication.
in general the purpose of speaking is to inform something, entertain others or persuade others
(Saddhono & Slamet, 2017). The ability to speak properly and correctly will be very difficult
to obtain, not everyone has the ability to speak a foreign language because the ability to speak
a foreign language is not hereditary but must be continuously trained so that a person's
speaking ability can improve (Sholihah, 2020).

2.2 The Element of Speaking

In learning a foreign language there are several elements of speaking which are very
important and must be considered so that we are able to acquire good and correct speaking
skills. There are also several elements, namely:

1. Grammar
Grammar is a rule which can help us arrange words so that they can be
combined, arranged and changed in order to produce or show different meanings.
After doing the learning and the teacher already feels that the students have mastered
the material, it would be nice if the teacher tests the students by giving practice
questions both orally and in writing. This grammar also aims to provide knowledge to
students of foreign languages about making a sentence so as to produce sentences that
are beautiful and have beautiful meanings so that they can improve the speaking
ability of a fellow social human being.
2. Pronunciations
According to Judy B. Gilbert (2008) PPronunciation also has a goal, namely
that students are able to speak like native speakers, but students will not get this
instantly and practically. Students must make serious efforts to be able to get good
and correct pronunciation. One way for students to be able to get good pronunciation
is by practicing seriously until the student feels used to it. When we are talking, the
pronunciation will also determine the variations and sound patterns in sentences.

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 3. Vocabulary
Vocabulary is the words that we will learn in a foreign language, what is
meant by vocabulary are words in a foreign language that we just know the meaning
of which is more than one word.
4. Fluency
Fluency is very necessary in speaking skills so that students are able to speak
fluently and accurately, when communicating when someone speaks fluently and
accurately it is easier for the interlocutor to understand and believe what the speaker is
saying. We are also able to see the fluency of students' foreign languages through
their speed while speaking and students who have good and correct fluency in
speaking foreign languages are those who have a little pause while speaking.
According to Douglas Brown (2001) the fluency in speaking will not take or spend a
lot of time just to speak.

2.3 Problem with Speaking Activities

Learning English is very difficult, especially if the student has never mastered English
before. There are many problems or obstacles that can hinder students in improving their
English speaking skills, including fear of making mistakes, embarrassment, worry, lack of
confidence and lack of motivation. The main problem that is often faced by many
students in mastering the ability to speak English is the lack of self-confidence that is
instilled in the students themselves. Most students also lack self-confidence due to fear
that may be overflowing, they may be afraid of making mistakes, afraid of being ridiculed
by their friends, or maybe afraid of being embarrassed. students will prefer to use their
mother tongue to express what they feel or to express their opinions. On the other hand,
maybe the lack of vocabulary that students have is also a problem of hampering students'
ability to speak English, so that students are unable to speak fluently due to a lack of
vocabulary that is mastered which results in a lack of self-confidence in them. There are
several other reason, namely :

1. Obstacles, obstacles that exist in students when they try to speak or say something in a
foreign language but are mixed with the worries that exist in students. It could be that
students have a feeling of worry about making mistakes when speaking, worrying
about getting criticism from friends and teachers when they make mistakes in
speaking or even there are types of students who are shy and not confident in their
own abilities so that it hinders them in the process of improving speaking skills.

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 2. When the teacher creates a study group, it is certain that student participation will be
low. Even in a large group there will definitely be students who participate fully and
there are also students who participate soberly and there are even students who don't
want to participate at all in learning due to laziness. The emergence of laziness in
students is caused by a lack of confidence in students in speaking, therefore their
interest is reduced to participate or interact more in class in a foreign language.
3. Teachers and parents also play an important role in the success of learning in students.
Therefore students need motivation from teachers and parents or those closest to them
so that students are able to have the desire to be more capable in learning. It could be
due to a lack of motivation from those closest to students so they are not enthusiastic
about learning so students may doubt their own abilities if they lack support or
motivation, because students need something that convinces them to continue to be
interested and passionate about something. Teachers also need positive ways to
correct students when they make mistakes in learning English, because in a positive
way students' self-confidence will not decrease and students will even be more
enthusiastic about learning English more deeply. However, if the teacher uses the
wrong way to correct student mistakes when speaking English, students will be
embarrassed or afraid to try again because the students' self-confidence is already low.
4. There is a mother tongue, while students who have difficulty speaking a foreign
language will mix their mother tongue with a foreign language which will result in
students using bilingual language when in a conversation which should only use
English.

2.4 The Characteristic Successful of Speaking

The characteristics of students who are successful in speaking are they will:

1. Students will talk more, the more students speak, the more successful a person is in
his speaking ability. So that students in a class or a group will not be dominated by
students who talk too much. In this way all students will also be able to have the
opportunity to speak fairly in learning and also all students will be actively involved
in learning.
2. Student motivation is high, students are able to succeed in speaking because these
students are really interested in a learning topic so that students will contribute and
participate in class actively throughout, not just one or two students.

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 3. Language is an acceptable level so that students are able to express themselves by
expressing sentences that will be more easily understood by one another and other
students.
4. The success of students in speaking is with a high and strong sense of self-confidence
so that students are able to speak properly and correctly and have a perfect level of
fluency. If students do not have high and strong self-confidence, on the contrary
students will have difficulty speaking well and certainly do not have perfect fluency.

2.5 Self-Confidence
Confidence can be said to be a feeling that will be able to make students bolder and
will definitely be more interested in what the student is learning. Self-confidence exists in
each student, therefore different students have different levels of self-confidence. self-
confidence can be used as an assessment of the value of a student's ability or quality, if
the student feels that he will succeed then the student must have a high sense of self-
confidence. Confidence can be interpreted as a feeling of confidence that is owned by
someone in doing something or action to achieve success. Confidence has a lot of
influence on our daily activities, both learning activities and routine activities, that's why
the confidence factor has such a big effect on someone.
This self-confidence also returns to the students themselves where students will think
about the extent of their own abilities with this self-confidence will also greatly help
students to become even better individuals by creating good communication with the
environment around them, because by not If there is self-confidence, communication will
be bad, you will constantly feel embarrassed and you will definitely live in fear. Back to
the students, self-confidence also depends on each student. if students think a lot of
positive things then their self-confidence must also be high because these students will
also think positively about their own abilities. But on the contrary if the student thinks a
lot of negative things then the student's self-confidence will continue to decrease because
the student cannot believe in the abilities that exist in himself. There are two factors that
can lead to reduced self-confidence in students, namely:

1. Internal factors
There are also several important internal factors, including:
a. Self concept
A student who has a positive self-concept, his self-confidence will also be
high because the student has a positive self-concept. Conversely if students have a

11
 low self-concept, the self-confidence that exists in these students must also be low
because of a negative self-concept.

b. Self worth
Self-esteem also affects self-confidence in students, if the student feels he
feels his self-esteem is high then surely he will look at himself with full
confidence that he will definitely succeed, and vice versa if students feel their self-
esteem is low it will have an impact on a sense of confidence himself. Students
will definitely feel that with such self-esteem he will not be able to succeed, so the
student's self-confidence will continue to decrease.
c. Physical condition
One that can affect self-confidence in students is the physical condition of the
students themselves. Disabilities that may exist in some students, because it can
reduce their self-confidence in public so that they rarely want to actively
participate in learning activities.
d. Life experience
Lack of life experience can also cause a lack of self-confidence in students. It
could be a lack of self-confidence due to a messy life experience, often occurs in
students who lack affection or attention.
2. External factors
There are also several important external factors, namely:
a. Education
The level of education also affects students' self-confidence because, as we
know, students often compare their intelligence with one another. So that students
who are aware of the limits of their intelligence will feel less confident in doing
anything both in learning activities and outside of learning. Higher education will
make a person feel more confident because with his education or intelligence he
no longer needs to depend on others even though we all need each other.
b. Work
If someone works then it will be able to increase one's creativity so as to
increase self-confidence in himself. Someone who tends to just be quiet and not
do any work will find it easier to feel insecure because he has nothing to do.
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 c. Environment
To have good self-confidence, we must also build a good environment so that
our self-confidence will continue to increase, not decrease. Because an
environment that has negative things will cause a lack of self-confidence, for
example being in an environment of people who like to compare others, this will
reduce our self-confidence. Conversely, if there are positive things in the
environment such as helping each other or motivating each other, our self-
confidence will continue to increase.

2.6 Self Confidence in Speaking

Self-confidence is an important element that must be possessed by students in
achieving success in learning a foreign language. Students who have a positive attitude
tend to achieve more success in learning foreign languages compared to students who
have a negative attitude. Therefore students who are able to avoid negative attitudes such
as anxiety or lack of confidence will have a greater chance of achieving success in
learning a foreign language. Brown (2007) states that student self-confidence determines
the success of these students in learning foreign languages because student beliefs are
very influential in completing a job, because if students have strong beliefs, students will
definitely be able to complete their assignments. On the other hand, if from the start
students are unsure and complain, they cannot guarantee that the assignments given by
the teacher will be completed by students because there is no confidence or confidence in
students for their respective abilities, with self-confidence students will definitely be
motivated first to complete the task. There are twelve principles of learning a foreign
language and self-confidence is one of the principles in learning a foreign language. It is
one of the keys to achieving success in language learning.

Speaking is one of the most important skills of the four skills in other foreign
languages. Speaking is a very important skill for students in learning a foreign language,
the aim is for students to use their knowledge effectively. As students who study foreign
languages, they must be able to master speaking skills to express their opinions and ideas
effectively, easily and confidently. Every student must have self-confidence, because with
self-confidence in students, students will have broader knowledge. students will find it
easier to get other information with self-confidence in students, both the information they
read and those they get from the people around them. If students have extensive
knowledge, the students' speaking skills will also definitely increase because in these

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 students there is already a great sense of self-confidence because of the extensive
knowledge possessed by students. Of course, students will not be afraid to speak because
they know how far they are capable with their self-confidence.

Self-confidence greatly impacts the process of learning a foreign language, because

self-confidence is one of the factors for one's success. Many people fail to achieve an
important role or achieve something they want due to a lack of confidence in their own
abilities, so failure can be created from this. If you are more confident then achieving
something will definitely feel a little easier because you are able to trust your own
abilities without feeling anxious or afraid of doing new things. Therefore students who
study foreign languages must have high and strong self-confidence.

If students do not have self-confidence, it is possible that students will be afraid to

talk to other people. Most students do not use English to communicate with their friends
and the cause is a lack of self-confidence so they are afraid of making mistakes while
speaking. In general, as we know that speaking is one way for students to exchange
information so that they have broad knowledge. Students who have high self-confidence
get more high scores because of the self-confidence that exists in them. Many students get
low scores because of a lack of confidence which results in a lack of engagement or being
active during class learning.

2.7 The Characteristic of Students with High and Low Self-Confidence

Confidence is able to show the positive side of one's life. Then someone who has high
self-confidence tends to be flexible, dares to take risks and likes to seek new experiences
that may have never been obtained or felt before. Confidence is a positive attitude that
exists in students where with self-confidence students will be able to obtain positive
values in their daily life, able to achieve what is their goal, assertive in taking risks. There
are also characteristics of students who have high self-confidence, namely:

1. Students will be more courageous to be active in class during learning takes place,
with high confidence in their abilities, students will be more interested in participating
actively in learning so as to improve students' speaking skills in foreign languages.
2. Students will more often express their opinions in public, by expressing their opinions
to other people, students will also get knowledge that was previously unknown
through criticism or suggestions from other people who also expressed their opinions.
So that students have broad insights not only racing on their opinions.

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 3. Students will prefer to try new things. Students with high self-confidence will be more
than happy to try something that may have never been tried to add to their experience.
4. Students will voluntarily do the assignments given without coercion or
encouragement from the teacher, because students who volunteer to do assignments
are definitely more confident in the abilities possessed by these students.
5. Students will be happy to express criticism, not only express opinions but students
who express criticism of someone else's work also have high self-confidence.
6. Students who have high self-confidence must be able to argue to defend their opinion.

There are two types of students in education, namely students who have high self-
confidence and students who have low self-confidence. One of the causes of a lack of
self-confidence in students is a teacher or friend who underestimates the ability of
students who have low self-confidence in learning. This can make students' self-
confidence decrease. These factors cannot be allowed to continue to happen to students
because it will have a negative impact on students and also the school, in the absence of
student participation in class learning it will also be difficult to achieve the indicators
created by the teacher to achieve the target learning objectives. There are also
characteristics of students who have low self-confidence, namely:

1. Students who have low self-confidence tend not to dare to appear or speak in public
or in front of their friends in class.
2. Students are more silent, students who are silent also have low self-esteem, therefore
students like this tend not to want to be active or participate in learning in class.
3. Students having difficulty understanding the material taught by the teacher is one of
the characteristics of students who have low self-confidence.
4. Students who have low self-confidence are not easy to express their opinions, students
like this tend to be more silent than active in class.

2.8 The Role of Teacher in Developing Students Self-Confidence

Teachers have an important role in terms of lack of self-confidence in students.
Teachers are able to find interesting, unique and effective strategies to apply to student
learning in order to be able to motivate students to be more confident so that they
participate actively in learning in the classroom. The lack of motivation in students also
greatly affects the level of self-confidence in students. This will hinder and have a

15
 negative impact on the student learning process. teachers must find effective strategies to
improve students' speaking skills that will be useful for student success in the future. If
students experience obstacles in improving speaking skills due to lack of self-confidence.
Then this is where the important role of the teacher is to continue to motivate students,
because with continuous motivation from the teacher to students it will be able to increase
students' self-confidence to continue to try to develop their speaking skills and also the
class will be more active if all students participate fully in learning . Teacher's strategy is
very important and has a big impact on the success of learning and also the success of
students. There are also several strategies that can be used by teachers in creating
interesting and effective learning, namely:

1. Role play, this strategy is able to improve students' speaking skills to be better.
Kucuker (2004) argues that this strategy does take a lot of time, preparation,
practice and assessment, but this strategy will really help students to improve
speaking skills.
2. Story telling, teachers can also use this storytelling strategy to improve students'
ability to speak and to be able to increase students' interest and confidence. But
Gafu & Badea (2011) argues that teachers also have to remember that not all
lessons can use storytelling strategies because a side effect of this strategy is that
students can get bored and become unenthusiastic in class during learning.
3. Small group discussions, this strategy is able to improve students' speaking skills.
besides that students will also definitely get more new vocabulary by learning
group discussions.
4. Songs, singing strategies can also be used by teachers to improve students'
speaking skills. This strategy will make students learn happily and be able to make
students become more self-confident. This strategy also provides opportunities for
teachers to teach in a fun way.

2.9 Previous Study

There are also several studies that discuss or examine further the relationship of self-
confidence in students that will affect speaking ability. These studies aim to investigate
the relationship between self-confidence and their speaking ability and what factors can
hinder students from improving their speaking ability. Found in one study, namely from
Eka Pinanda Lestari 2022 on the relationship between self-confidence and students'

16
English speaking ability. The study found that there was no relationship between students'
self-confidence and their speaking ability. So in this study concluded that self-confidence
is not one of the causes that influence the improvement of students' English speaking
skills. This study assumes that it is not only because of high self-confidence that students
are able to achieve good grades on speaking assignments, students may get influences
from other things so as to get good grades on speaking assignments.

Another study conducted by Kamran Akhtar, Rifat Abbas and Iqra Akhtar (2019)
investigated the correlation between self-confidence and speaking scores of first-year
students at public sector universities in Pakistan. According to this study, there is very
little relationship between self-confidence and an increase in speaking ability. As reported
by Mclntyre (2004) students who feel that their communication is good, love themselves
and understand the extent to which their abilities will be able to perform better with the
added advantage of having self-confidence. Whereas on the other hand students who feel
they have poor communication will often close themselves off and avoid interacting with
other people more, so that their abilities do not improve due to lack of interaction with
others. This problem can only be overcome by increasing self-confidence in students so
that they are able to improve their speaking skills well.

In another study conducted by Lar and Maulina (2021) which investigated the
relationship between self-confidence and students' speaking abilities. This study states
that self-confidence with speaking has a close relationship because from this study it is
known that most students cannot speak English properly and correctly because of a lack
of self-confidence in students which results in a bad influence on improving students'
English speaking skills. In the sense that students do not have any progress in their
speaking ability. Students who have high self-confidence will speak and communicate
well in all situations both in learning situations and outside of learning.

On the other hand, there is research from Aziz and Kashinathan (2021) which
investigates the challenges faced by students in speaking skills. This research resulted that
it was difficult for students to learn English especially students who did not have mastery
of foreign languages. Confidence is one of the factors that hinder students in speaking
ability, because the involvement of students in learning will improve their speaking
ability. If students lack self-confidence then these students will also not involve
themselves in learning. Apart from that, while students are afraid of making mistakes

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when speaking English, students more often express their opinions in their mother tongue
than in a foreign language for fear of being wrong in speaking and will be embarrassed in
front of the teacher or friends. Limited vocabulary also makes it difficult for students to
improve their speaking skills, if students do not have a wide vocabulary then students will
also be afraid and not confident to communicate using English.

There is also research from Vo, Pham and Ho (2018) which investigates students'
challenges in improving speaking skills. This study states that the students' challenges in
improving their speaking skills include the lack of motivation from the teacher and those
closest to them so that students are increasingly less confident in their ability to improve
speaking skills. There is also fear experienced by students so that it becomes a concern
that is felt because they are afraid of making mistakes when speaking English in the
learning process. Students also use their mother tongue more often than English to
interact so that there is no progress in improving students' speaking skills.

Research on the importance of self-confidence is very important in the process of

improving students' speaking skills, because from this research it can also provide
information about having a high sense of self-confidence in order to improve speaking
skills well for students who may tend to feel insecure when speaking in public. The
existence of a sense of self-confidence in students is also able to help the teacher to carry
out effective learning, with the existence of self-confidence, the teacher will more easily
improve the ability to speak foreign languages of students. Speaking is a very productive
skill in which students are required to directly participate in the learning process. If
students do not participate in the learning process, it is certain that the students' speaking
skills will not improve on their own without practice. The learning process can build self-
confidence in students. A sense of courage and self-confidence will definitely arise with
the learning process. Therefore students are required to participate in the learning process
in order to be able to improve the ability to speak foreign languages well. If students
already have self-confidence, it will be ensured that students will be able to speak more
fluently without stammering. Confidence is one of the success factors for students in
speaking foreign languages.

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 CHAPTER III

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
In this chapter, the researcher describes the research method. It covers the following
topics : Research Design, Setting, Techniques of Data Collection, Data Analysis.

3.1 Research Design

in this study, researchers used quantitative research and designed it in the form of a
questionnaire. Quantitative research is research that is made according to data and large
amounts. according to Creswell (2003), Williams (2011) states that quantitative research
begins with the existence of a problem and uses investigative strategies through experiments
or surveys to produce the data needed by researchers. Quantitative research aims to determine
how much influence self-confidence has on students' speaking skills in class, both
individually and in groups.

In this study also the researcher used a questionnaire as an examination, by asking

students to fill out a questionnaire containing several questions about the effect of self-
confidence on students' self-esteem in improving speaking skills. This process will help
researchers to collect information and data to complement what is needed by researchers.
besides, this questionnaire-based research will not disturb or take up a lot of students' time.
Students only need to fill out a questionnaire according to what is felt and the researcher gets
information and data according to what is needed from students.

3.2 Setting
Researchers conducted research at a boarding school in Banda Aceh, namely the al-manar
modern boarding school with a total of 60 students. the researcher only examined the 2
classes of the boarding school by distributing questionnaires to students at the modern al-
manar boarding school. so that researchers get evidence of how much influence students' self-
confidence has on the progress of students' speaking skills at Al-Manar Islamic Boarding
School.

3.3 Data Collection

The method used is a quantitative method in the form of a questionnaire. The research
was conducted at a boarding school in Banda Aceh with a total of 60 students. Based on what
has been obtained from the results of the questionnaire, it is evident that many Islamic
boarding school students lack confidence and doubt their ability to speak English due to a

19
lack of vocabulary mastery, causing students to be afraid to practice English either in learning
or on a daily basis with fellow students. As we know, increasing vocabulary will help
students to have greater confidence in speaking English when learning takes place. If students
are able to master vocabulary then a great sense of self-confidence will grow in students and
it is certain that students will be more courageous in improving their speaking skills. In the
end the teacher at the school also implemented a system of giving two vocabulary words a
day and one English conversation a week which the students had to memorize. This
application also helps students to master a lot of vocabulary thereby increasing students' self-
confidence which will help students in the process of improving students' speaking skills.
According to Brown and Yule (1983), speaking is a very important skill in everyday life in
order to be able to speak clearly and fluently.

3.4 Data Analysis

Researchers collected the results of the questionnaires distributed to students that day.
According to tekbiyik (2014) that collecting data must be at the same time. The researcher
showed the results of the students' answers to the questionnaires that had been distributed and
the results showed that overall the researchers presented the findings based on the results of
the answers to the questionnaire which showed that self-confidence had a big effect on
students' ability to improve their speaking. Many students are afraid to speak during the
learning process in class because of a lack of confidence and fear of making mistakes. The
main cause is that students do not master vocabulary so that it can lead to a lack of
confidence and fear of making mistakes when practicing speaking English. If students are
constantly silent it will also hinder the improvement of students' speaking skills.

20
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