(‫اسئلة كميونتي )اسئلة دكتوره رغد‬

‫نظري الفصل األول‬

1_Primary prevention 
A-restorative care.
B-reconstructive care. Deep sclero
C-non above
2_Tertiary prevention
A-restorative care.
B-to replace lost tissues and rehabilitate
patients to as nearly normal as possible. 
C-all above
3_The presence of pathogenic dental plaque on
the surfaces of the teeth cause both caries and
periodontal diseases and therefore are known
as 
A-caries disease 
B-plaque disease 
C-all above
4_Practical Steps in dental public health
A-Survey
B-Program planning ,analysis, Programme
Appraisal ,finance, Programme operation 
C-non above
5_Types of Indices
A-Simple index: It is the one which measures
the presence or absence of a condition. For
example gingivitis 
B-Cumulative index: It is the one which
measures all the evidence of a condition
presence or absence of a condition.
C-Disease index: e.g. ‘D’ (Decay) portion of the
DMF index is the best example for disease
index.
6_Dental caries
 a. It is progressive, reversible microbial disease
of multifactorial nature affecting the calcified
tissue of the teeth. 
b. Characterized by demineralization of the
inorganic portion and destruction of the
organic portion the tooth. 
C-non above
7_According to rate of disease progression
A-Incipient ,Cavitation ,Gross
destruction
 B-Primary ,Secondary or recurrent Lesions 
C-Acute ,Chronic ,Arrested ,Rampant
8_Secondary lesion:
A-is the name given to
 multiple active carious lesions 
B-‫مااذكره‬
C-non above
9_Organic Compounds of saliva 
A-Free Amino Acids
B- Urea 
C-Major Ions [Sodium, Potassium, and Chloride
and Bicarbonate] contribute to osmolarity of
saliva.
10_DENTAL CARIES IN UNDERDEVELOPED
COUNTRIES
A-Sugar consumption in underdeveloped 
B-Lack dental resources
C-all above
11_Direct Causes of Periodontal disease 
A-Food impaction is the forceful wedging of
food against the gingiva between teeth.
B-Tobacco smoking and chewing reduce tissue
resistance and increase the susceptibility to
periodontal diseases.
C-poor oral hygiene leading to accumulation of
dental plaque and calculus, and traumatic
occlusion
12_Lack of lip-seal causes This seems to have
two effects.
A-the normal cleansing action of saliva is
diminished so plaque accumulation is
encouraged
B-dehydration of the tissues may impair their
resistance.
C-all above
13_nutrition on periodontal disease therefore
appears to be exerted mainly at 3 different
levels:
A-On the metabolism of the gingival crevice-
plaque flora
B-On the repair process in the connective
tissue at local site.On the immunologic
response to the microbial antigens.
C-all above
14_Epidemiologic Triangle
A-Agent, or microbe that causes the disease
(the whose of the triangle)
B-Host, or organism harboring the disease
(the of ‫مااذكره‬the triangle)
C-Environment, or those external factors that
cause or allow disease transmission (the
‫ماذكره‬of the triangle)

15_The type of study design chosen depends

on
A-The type of problem
B-The knowledge already available about the
problem The resources available for the study.
C-all above
16_epidemiologic variables.
A-time place
B-place person
C-time, place and person.
17_Observational studies 
A-Study natural history of disease and its future
outcome
B-Identifying risk factors of the disease.
C-non above
18_Case-Control Study
A-called “prospective study” is the first
approach to
test causal hypothesis.
B-group of people free from disease with
common characteristics within defined time
period
C- non above
19_Ecological study
A-The units of analysis are populations
B-The study is by comparing populations in
same countries at same time 
C-same population in one country at same
times.
20_Double blind trial
A-Double blind trial: The trial is so planned that
the doctor and participant is aware of the
group allocation and the treatment received.
B-The trial is so planned that neither the doctor
nor the participant is aware of the group
allocation and the treatment received.
C-non above
21_Randomized controlled trials a. 
A-Participants are randomly assigned to either
experimental group or controlled group Best
method to test preventive and therapeutic
measures
b. Experimental group receives placebo
controlled group receive the new intervention
C-all of above
22_Types and designs of experimental study are
 a. Prospective study 
b. longitudinal study Incidence study d. Not of
above
23_Uses of prevalence 
a. To control disease & for research to a etiology
and pathogenesis, 
b. distribution of diseases
 c. Efficacy of preventive and therapeutic
measures 
d. Not of above
24_Community trials
 a. The treatment groups are rather individuals
than communities 
b. The whole community is taken as control
group 
c. Communities in the neighborhood are taken
as study group. 
d. Not of above