FIBRE TO FABRIC

Important points.

1. We use fabrics as a shield to protect ourselves from different weather

conditions.
2. Clothes can also be a symbol of beauty and status.
3. Our purpose and the properties of a fabric determine which type of fabric
can be used.
4. There are threads like structures in the fabric. These threads are also
called yarn. So, fabric is made up of yarn.
5. The end of the yarn is separated into thin strands. These thinner strands
are called fibres.
6. Fibres are classified into 3 categories based on their origin. They are
(i) Natural fibres
(ii) Semi-synthetic fibres
(iii) Synthetic fibres (or) artificial fibres
7. Natural fibres:- the fibres which are obtained from natural sources like
plants and animals are called natural fibres. It is again classified into two
types. They are
(i) Plant fibres
(ii) Animal fibres.
8. Plant fibres:- The fibres which are obtained from plants are called plant
fibres. They contain cellulose. Eg:- cotton, jute, flax, hemp, coir, corn
fibre.
9. Animal fibres:- The fibres which are obtained from animals are called
animal fibres. They contain protein. Eg:- silk, wool
10.Natural fibres are biodegradable. (means decompose in soil after some
days by the action of bacteria)
11.Semi-synthetic fibres:- For these fibres, the raw material is from plants
but during the process of fibres some chemicals are added.
Eg:- Rayon, cellulose acetate, cellulose nitrate.
12.Semi synthetic fibres are bio degradable.
13.Rayon is also known as artificial silk (or) regenerated fibre.
14.Synthetic fibre:- The fibres which are obtained from petro-chemicals are
called synthetic fibres. Eg:- Nylon, polyester, orlon, acrylic etc.,
15.Synthetic fibres are non biodegradable.
16.Acrylic is also called fake fur (or) artificial wool.
17.Natural fibres are expensive, not durable but they give us comfort.
18.Synthetic fibres are durable, affordable but do not give comfort.
19.Identifying a fibre:-
Take a fibre and show it to a flame using a tong.
If it burns with paper burning smell but they do not shrink or melt, then it
is a plant fibre.
If it burns with burning hair smell and shrinks but do not melt, it is an
animal fibre.
If the fibre melts and gives a smell similar to burning plastics, then it is a
synthetic fibre.
20.Cotton is obtained from cotton fruits. Cotton fruit is of the size of lemon.
After maturing,
The fruit burst open and the seeds covered with cotton fibres can be seen.
21.Cotton plants grow well in black soil and warm climate.
22.The process of separation of seeds from cotton balls is called ginning.
The obtained cotton after ginning is called lint.
23.The process of making yarn from fibres is called spinning.
24.For spinning, takli or charka is used.
25.Cotton fibres are soft, absorb water, porous and take time to dry.
26.Cotton is used for filling mattresses, quits or pillows, making clothes.
27.Jute is also called golden fibre.
28.Jute fibre is harder, stronger, coarse and rough.
29.Jute is a bast fibre or stem fibre.
30.Alluvial soil is suitable for growing jute and it is cultivated during the
rainy season.
31.In India, jute is mainly grown in west Bengal, bihar and assam.
32.Jute fibre is obtained from the stem of the jute plant. Jute plant grow upto
a height of 2-3 meters. They are harvested at flowering stage.
33.After harvesting, plants are soaked in water for 2-3 weeks. The plants get
rotten and easy to peel. Then the fibres are separated, dried to make jute
yarn.
34.The process of soaking the jute plant in water and peeling the fibre is
called `retting’.
35.From Red sorrel (gongura) plant, jute is obtained.
36.Wool is obtained from the fleece of sheep or goat. It is also obtained from
the hair of rabbits, yak and camels.
37.Silk fibre is drawn from the cocoon of silk worm.
38.Hemp and flax are also plant fibres.
39.Linen fibre is obtained from flax plant.
40.Weaving and knitting are used for making different kinds of fabric.
41.Two sets of yarn are arranged together to make fabric is called weaving.
42.The length wise yarn of a fabric is called warp whereas breadth wise yarn
is called weft.
43.Weaving is done on looms. The looms that are worked by man power are
called hand looms.
44.Power looms are run by machines.
45.Calico is a type of fabric used in book binding.
46.Warangal is famous for carpet industry.
47.In knitting, a single yarn is used to make a piece of fabric.