Chapter 1

Introduction

Background of the Study

This study is all about finding the factors affecting the academic performance of information

communication technology (ICT) students on computer system servicing (CSS) during COVID-19

pandemic in General Santos City National High School. It has been years since this pandemic broke

out globally. From the very beginning of the government implementation of various lockdowns and

home quarantines, schools and many business establishments were closed. Schools especially the

GSCNHS were temporarily closed and all teachers, students, and even parents are prohibited from

going to school.

As we know, COVID-19 pandemic affects the academic performance of senior high school ICT

(Information Communication Technology) students during the COVID-19 pandemic specially their major

subject CSS (Computer System Servicing). As of time students struggle in this situation, consequently

student struggles with the availability of internet connection, online learning materials, and the lack of

in-person interaction which causes them to lose their interest or concentration.

Since the COVID-19 pandemic started, Information Communication Technology (ICT) has been

utilized in different fields. Department of Education (DepEd) has applied distance learning modalities to

ensure learning continuity, which involves technology and internet connection. This way student can

continue their education in remote setups online/offline platforms. However, COVID-19 still has an

effect on the academic performance of senior high school ICT students. The recent outbreak of the

Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has led to the total lockdown of major cities in Nigeria, according to

Oyinloye (2020) revealed that the pandemic has had a negative outcome on the performance of senior

secondary students.

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 Limniou et al., (2021) study shows that senior high school students with high levels of self-

regulation and digital capabilities were able to keep focused on their academic performance and

engaged during the lockdown. Although universities and teachers were “forced” to shift their teaching

approach due to the unfortunate disruption of the COVID-19 pandemic.

The purpose of the study is to determine the factors affecting the academic performance of

senior high school ICT students on CSS during COVID-19 pandemic in General Santos City National

High School and satisfaction with online classes during the COVID-19 pandemic and to develop a

relationship between these variables.

Statement of the problem

This study aims to determine the factors affecting the academic performance of senior high

school ICT students on computer system servicing (CSS) during COVID-19 pandemic in General

Santos City National High School.

Especially it will seek to answer the following questions:

1. What are the factors affecting the academic performance in Computer System Servicing

during COVID-19 pandemic, in terms of?

1.1 CSS skills

1.2 Classroom activities

1.3 Practicum

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Conceptual Framework

The conceptual framework of the study presents the factors affecting the academic performance

as an independent variable as well as the senior high school ICT students on CSS in General Santos

City National High School. Likewise, the dependent variable of the study will serve as a factor to

determine if there are any results on the academic performance of the students.

Independent Variable Dependent Variable

Academic Performance of
COVID-19 Pandemic the senior high school ICT
Students

Scope and Delimitation

This study will be conducted to know the factors affecting the academic performance of the ICT

students in General Santos City National High School. The participants of the study will be the senior

high school ICT students. In line with this study, it will discuss the insights of the students regarding the

factors affects the academic performance.

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Significance of the Study

This study is significant to students, upcoming senior high school students, future researchers,

teachers, and faculty heads because it serves as awareness, baseline study, additional knowledge and

information, driving force, and support mentally and morally.

The study is made with the aim to provide information and knowledge regarding the chosen

topic from the respondents, and other research studies needed for the expected importance to the

following sectors:

Students

This study will help students to determine the factors that affects the academic performance of

the senior high school students on their computer system servicing during COVID-19 pandemic.

Future Researcher

This study can help the future researchers to know how senior high school students in GSCNHS

overcome the challenges of the new normal learning system. This study can help future researchers

they can use this study for future references.

Teachers

This research will help teachers learn how to be considerate of students who are unable to

complete their activities on time. This study will enable the teachers to be more considerate in the

deadline for the submission of activities of the students. Also, this study can enable teachers to become

aware of the challenges of a student in the new normal learning system.

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Definition of Terms

Academic Performance

Operational definition – This is where student academic achievement is measured.

COVID-19 Pandemic

Operational definition - Is an infectious disease that spread from person to person through droplets

released when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or talks.

Computer System Servicing

Operational definition - It develops student’s skills in diagnosis and troubleshooting of computer

systems, as well as in the performance of computer operations.

Information Communication Technology

Operational definition - Is a senior high school stand that prepares students for a career in Information

and Communication Technology.

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 Chapter 2

Review Related Literature

This chapter presents the relevant literature of this study. It focuses on the different factors affecting the

academic performance of ICT students. It includes the different variables that can affect the academic

performance in Computer System Servicing of senior high school ICT students.

CSS skills

According to Michels (2012), acquiring CSS involves learning how to perform the skills

(procedural knowledge), the rationale for doing (underlying basic sciences knowledge), and

interpretation of the findings. Without these three components, CSS is merely a mechanical

performance with limited clinical application. However, clinicians are often unaware of the complex

interplay between different components of a CSS that they are practicing and consequently do not

teach all these aspects to students.

1. Network Configuration on CSS

Embedded systems are constantly becoming more complex, as they are increasingly equipped with

more functionality. Networking capability is one of the most desired features even for embedded

systems, hence network applications, typically used in desktop systems, are required to become

available in the embedded system domain. Rewriting these applications to fit into embedded root file

systems takes time and effort that may entail a considerable cost. On the other hand, using the existing

desktop applications is a good strategy, although introducing many challenges. Formulating storage

specifications is easy, but it is not the same for memory as traditionally used memory tools do not utilize

the Proportional Set Size value. A thoroughly architecture-independent development methodology is

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proposed about the construction of an optimized medium-sized network embedded system utilizing the

large GNU/Linux code base and emulation. (Anders 2020)

2. Troubleshooting software issues

Today’s digital world and evolving technology has improved the quality of our lives but it has also come

with a number of new threats. In the society of smart-cities and Industry, where many cyber–physical

devices connect and exchange data through the Internet of Things, the need for addressing information

security and solve system failures becomes inevitable. System failures can occur because of hardware

failures, software bugs or interoperability issues. In this paper we introduce the industry-originated

concept of “smart-troubleshooting” that is the set of activities and tools needed to gather failure

information generated by heterogeneous connected devices, analyze them, and match them with

troubleshooting instructions and software fixes. As a consequence of implementing smart-

troubleshooting, the system would be able to self-heal and thus become more resilient. (Mauro et., al

2020)

3. Understanding of Operating System

Many modern applications result in a significant operating system (OS) component. The OS component

has several implications including affecting the control flow transfer in the execution environment. the

operating system effects on control flow transfer and prediction, and designing architectural support to

alleviate the bottlenecks. We characterize the control flow transfer of several emerging applications on

a commercial operating system. We find that the exception-driven, intermittent invocation of OS code

and the user/OS branch history interference increase the misprediction in both user and kernel code.

We propose two simple OS-aware control flow prediction techniques to alleviate the destructive impact

of user/OS branch interference. (Tao Li eat., al 2002)

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4. Installing and configuring computer systems

The techniques used to build highly available computer systems are sketched. Historical background is

provided, and terminology is defined. Empirical experience with computer failure is briefly discussed.

Device improvements that have greatly increased the reliability of digital electronics are identified.

Fault-tolerant design concepts and approaches to fault-tolerant hardware are outlined. The role of

repair and maintenance and of design-fault tolerance is discussed. Software repair is considered. The

use of pairs of computer systems at separate locations to guard against unscheduled outages due to

outside sources. (Gray et., al 2019)

5. Knowledge of computer hardware and software components

The application domain which is considered in this project contains combined hardware/software

systems. Those systems share a lot of commonalities and are configured in a rich variety of outcoming

products. Besides others, we discuss issues concerning features and evolution. Feature trees

describing the functionality in terms of customer requirements are used to efficiently select, combine

and configure components from the product catalogue. Mappings between these feature models and

the product descriptions have to be developed and modeled sufficiently for the configuration task. A

further problem area arises in this application domain with evolution in both the products themselves

and the models describing the product catalogue. (Thorsten Krebs 2002)

Factors affecting the performance on classroom activities

In this era of globalization and technological revolution, education is considered as a first step

for every human activity. It plays a vital role in the development of human capital and is linked with an

individual’s well-being and opportunities for better living. It ensures the acquisition of knowledge and

skills that enable individuals to increase their productivity and improve their quality of life. This increase

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in productivity also leads towards new sources of earning which enhances the economic growth of a

country. The quality of students’ performance remains at top priority for educators. It is meant for

making a difference locally, regionally, nationally and globally. Educators, trainers, and researchers

have long been interested in exploring variables contributing effectively for quality of performance of in

learners. (Saxton, 2000)

1. Understanding about Operating System (OS)

One of the difficulties of operating systems is the highly unpredictable nature of the demands made

upon them. Independent users submit jobs with varying resource requirements at irregular intervals. An

operating system is expected to schedule this unpredictable mixture of jobs in such a manner that the

resources are utilized efficiently and the users can expect response within reasonably predictable

times. The only way to satisfy these expectations is probably to put restrictions on the characteristics of

jobs so the designer can take advantage of the expected usage of resources. This is certainly the main

reason for the success of small, specialized operating systems. It also gives a plausible explanation of

the failure of recent "general-purpose" operating systems which try to handle a much greater variety of

jobs (in some cases for a variety of machine configurations as well). (Hansen 2020)

2. Level of student engagement

E-learning platforms and processes face several challenges, among which is the idea of personalizing

the e-learning experience and to keep students motivated and engaged. The event log is transformed

using MATLAB to generate a new dataset representing the considered metrics. Experimental results’

analysis shows that among the considered interaction-related and effort-related metrics, the number of

logins and the average duration to submit assignments are the most representative of the students’

engagement level. Furthermore, using the silhouette coefficient as a performance metric, it is shown

that the two-level model offers the best performance in terms of cluster separation. However, the three-

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level model has a similar performance while better identifying students with low engagement levels.

(Moubayed et., al 2020)

3. Work readiness

Student work readiness relates to the acquisition of relevant skills and knowledge which enable

students to make meaningful contributions to industry, and assist them in their transition from student to

practitioner. An individual’s smooth transition into the workforce translates into higher levels of

interactions in their workplace, ensuing in benefits for both the employee and the employer. In the built

environment, employees are known to experience high levels of work-related stress, exacerbating the

need for built environment professionals to be well prepared for the workforce. (Eric.ed 2020)

4. Availability of technical resources

Modern technology can make more innovative and creative ideas in student’s mind. It can build the

students to learn their lesson their own self and provide a lot of information that is required by students.

Revolutionize the routine of technology that increase educational paradigm shift which provide

importance to the student-centered learning. The main objectives were to probe available technology

resources in education system and to examine educating students on appropriate use of technology

that can overcome the problems. It was found that technology facilitate the students to become

independent learner, it improves the student’s interest because many websites provide practical

knowledge with theoretical knowledge. (Nawaz and Amin 2018)

5. Lack of time management

We argue that time management training can help develop students’ self-control, which helps students

spend less time on leisure activities and more time on activities that are associated with student

success. The imposition of measures meant to reduce or stop the spread of the COVID-19 virus

provided an opportunity where the impact of time management training on student behavior could be

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assessed when there was a significant change in the learning environment, from in person learning to

online learning. The transition to online learning was associated with an increase in unstructured time

and the removal of time norms for students. (Tabvuma et., al 2021)

Factors affecting the practicum on Computer System Servicing (CSS)

According to Olawale (2022), practicum is a practical experience offered to individuals as a

means to enable them put into practice, theoretical knowledge learned during the process of education.

The objectives for doing this is to expose students to a minimum of Two Semesters–Six Months’ field

experience including observation, adaptation to office conditions, planning and preparation for social

work intervention. Those to engage in this exercise are expected to serve in both formal and informal

organizations. It is as a consequence of this, that monthly reports are required.

1. Efficiency skills

The state of ICT integration and the level of its implementation in the school learning system of the

Department of Education (DepEd) in Senior High Schools in The Division of General Santos City during

the school year 2019-2020. It utilized convergent parallel mixed method. Findings show ICT teachers

taking big roles in the implementation of the program where learners were encouraged to participate in

class. They maximize the teaching-learning process despite a gap on the facility maintenance and

upgrading software and internet connection as hindering factors in delivering better educational

services. While there were computers provided, not all learners were able to use or access them. While

ICT teachers were guided by the curriculum guide with the competencies required as their legal

framework, they have not established standardized modules. They only relied on the available

resources in the internet. (Wilfred Bidad 2021)

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2. Work immersion project in CSS

During acquisition training, healthy participants navigated through virtual environments containing

dynamic snake and spider conditioned stimuli, one of which was paired with electrical wrist stimulation.

During a 24-hour delayed retention test, one group returned to the same context as acquisition training

whereas another group experienced the CSS in a novel context. Unconditioned stimulus (US)

expectancy ratings were assayed on-line during fear acquisition as an index of contingency awareness.

Skin conductance responses (SCR) time-locked to CS onset were the dependent measure of cued

fear, and skin conductance levels during the interstimulus interval were an index of context fear. (Nicole

Huff et., al 2011)

3. Basic computer repair in CSS

Computer education in schools have come a long way. Gone are the days when computer education

used to be a subject for professionals only. Now, most of the educational institutes have computer as

part of the syllabus. In this regard the steps taken by various educational authorities are really

commendable. There is no doubt that the computers over a period of time have changed our way of

thinking a doing thing. Then, why should the students be far behind. They should also be given the

knowledge and that too, the latest one. Curriculum of Web Technology has been designed in such a

fashion that the students who after passing out from school and planning to pursue computer studies

further, can do so without any difficulty. Each chapter is embedded with various illustrations and screen

shots wherever possible. These, not only help the students in understanding the concept but they also

are made aware of what to expect on the monitor screen. At the end of each chapter, there is a total

revision for brushing up the subject read. There are also questions to test the knowledge of the

students. (Ramesh Bangia 2011)

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4. Information and Communication Technology related skills

The digital revolution has had a significant impact on daily life, as shown by the widespread use of

devices and the seamless incorporation of technology into everyday activities. The purpose of this

research paper is to find out the weak points of students in the awareness and usage of essential

software applications as the fundamental inputs to the Program Enhancement for Senior High School

(SHS) Technical-Vocational-Livelihood–Information Communication and Technology (TVL-ICT)

students at Lopez National Comprehensive High School. It was further revealed that there was

significant difference in the computer software application awareness between senior high school

students. In order to improve students' knowledge and literacy in database applications, webpage

design, and basic computer programming, an enhancement program may be applied to the

specialization or integrated into other ICT subjects. (Jorlan Indrinal 2022)

5. Network facilities

The use of end-to-end network slicing mechanisms allows for sharing the related infrastructure among

multiple operators/vertical industries and customizing its capabilities on a per-tenant basis, creating a

neutral host market and reducing operational costs. The first distributed tier being for offering low

latency services and the second centralized tier being for the provision of high processing power for

computing-intensive network applications. The present work identifies a variety of challenges to be

fulfilled by the 5G ESSENCE in the scope of an enhanced architectural framework. In a conclusion, this

goes to influence many aspects of our social and work lives, it is important that school experiences

equip students the skills and knowledge that will enable them to develop into effective independent,

creative, and lifelong learners to cope with the influx of changes. Given that teachers play a key role in

the effective use of technology in education, there is a need to ensure that teacher education programs

prepare teachers for the effective integration of ICT in the classrooms. (Chochliouros 2017)

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In conclusion COVID-19 pandemic had rumpled the worldwide education foundation, averting the

learning needs of the students, thus affecting their academic performance. A comparable education

experience of how the education sector had changed during the pandemic crises. The distinctive

variables have provided a clear understanding of the pandemic affecting the individual performance of

student.

Research Gap

Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic Universities around the world are taking rapid

actions to ensure students learning continuity and secure the well-being of their students. This study

aims at exploring the student’s e-learning experience on ICT students as well as e-learning readiness

during the pandemic. While each senior high school is unique, we hope our assessment can provide

some insights into how well the student’s e-learning experience was during the pandemic. This study

also highlights the role of electronic commerce in transforming distance learning. Further investments

and contingency plans are needed to develop a resilient education system that supports electronic and

distance learning. (Alsoud and Harasis 2021)

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 Chapter 3

Methodology

Research Design

In this study, the researcher conducted this research by using descriptive research design.

Descriptive Qualitative is a type of research which employs the method of collecting, describing,

classifying and analyzing the data and then drawing conclusion. Moreover, Kothari (2004: 37) stated

that “Descriptive research study is a study which is concerned with describing the characteristic of a

particular individual, or of a group, whereas diagnostic research studies determine the frequency with

which something occurs or its association with something else.

Research Population and Sample

The participants of this study are Grade 11 and Grade 12 ICT students from GSCNHS will take

part in this study. The researchers only include 20% of the 340 Grade 11 and Grade 12 ICT students

who were eligible for the study.

Sampling Procedure

This study uses stratified random sampling method in which researchers divides the population

into smaller that don’t overlap but represent the entire population.

A population of 340 Grade 11 and Grade 12 ICT students in the total of 6 section, includes 56 from

each section, if the computed sample size if 67, the following proportionate sampling will be follows.

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 Sample size per subgroups

67/180 = .16x67 = 11 Linux Grade 12

67/180 = .16x67 = 11 Macintosh Grade 12

67/180 = .16x67 = 11 Microsoft Grade 12

67/180 = .16x67 = 11 Intel Grade 11

67/180 = .16x67 = 11 Strix Grade 11

67/180 = .16x67 = 11 Raizen Grade 11

67/180 = 20% = Total of 66 respondents

Research Instruments

The questionnaire was used as the main data-gathering instrument. The instrument to be

prepared focused on answering the statement of the problem.

SOP1 What are the factors affecting the academic performance in computer system servicing during

COVID-19 pandemic, in terms of?

CSS skills

Classroom activities

Practicum

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The questionnaire containing of 15 question and the questionnaire will be distributed to the

respondents.

Data collection procedure

BEFORE

1. The researchers will prepare the letter of request seeking permission from the principal to conduct

the survey within the campus specifically in Grade 11 and Grade 12 curriculum.

2.The researcher will select participants from Grade 11 and Grade 12 curriculum.

3. Prepare the research instruments.

4. Determine the sample size and corresponding per group if applicable.

DURING

1. Researcher will disseminate the questionnaire to the participants as the respondents of the study.

2. The respondents will answer the questionnaire at the given time.

3. Clear the instructions provided to the respondents.

4. Clear or gather or take notes of the responses.

AFTER

1. Summarize the data gathered and in tabular form.

2. Analyze the summarize data corresponding to the research question.

3. Lastly, the researcher will collect the questionnaire at the end of the given time and consolidate all

the data in preparation of data analysis.

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