COMPARISON OF ADJECTIVES & ADVERBS (SO SÁNH CỦA TÍNH TỪ & TRẠNG

TỪ)
I. Comparison of adjectives
1) Comparative of adjectives (So sánh hơn với tính từ)
-  So sánh hơn chỉ sử dụng khi có hai người, hai sự vật, hoặc hai sự việc nào đó để so sánh.

- Tính từ được chia làm hai loại: tính từ ngắn và tính từ dài.

      + Tính từ ngắn là tính từ có một âm tiết ví dụ như: strong, big, nice,... Tuy nhiên tính có hai
âm tiết tận cùng bằng y, er, le, ow, some cũng được xem là tính từ ngắn. Ví dụ: handsome,
simple, narrow, pretty, clever,...
      + Tính từ dài là tính từ có từ hai âm tiết trở lên. Ví dụ: beautiful, careful, stupid, generous,...
a) Cấu trúc so sánh hơn của tính từ ngắn:
S1 + be + adj-ER + than + S2
Ví dụ: Your house is bigger than Lan's house.
           (Nhà của bạn lớn hơn nhà của Lan.)

           The life in the country is simpler than that in the city.

           (Cuộc sống ở nông thôn thì giản dị hơn cuộc sống ở thành thị.)

b) Cấu trúc so sánh hơn của tính từ dài:

S1 + be + MORE + adj + than + S2
Ví dụ: She is more beautiful than her younger sister.
            (Cô ấy đẹp hơn em gái của mình.)

           This chair is more comfortable than that chair.

           (Cái ghế này thì thoải mái hơn cái ghế kia.)

- Trước so sánh hơn của tính từ, chúng ta có thể sử dụng a bit, a little, much, a lot far (= a lot).
Ví dụ: You should go to there by bus. lt costs much cheaper.
          (Bạn nên đi đến đó bằng xe buýt. Nó rẻ hơn nhiều.)

2) Superlative of adjectives (So sánh nhất với tính từ)

So sánh nhất chỉ sử dụng khi có từ ba người, ba sự vật, ba sự việc trở lên để so sánh nhằm đưa ra
mức độ lớn nhất đối với những cái khác.

a) Cấu trúc so sánh nhất của tính từ ngắn:

S + be + THE + adj-EST
Ví dụ: Nhung is the shortest of the three sisters.
         (Nhung là người thấp nhất trong ba chị em.)

b) Cấu trúc so sánh nhất của tính từ dài:

S + be + THE MOST + adj
Ví dụ: Mai is the most beautiful girl in this class.
          (Mai là cô gái xinh nhất lớp.)

c) Lưu ý:
- Trong so sánh nhất hai giới từ “in” và “of” thường hay được sử dụng. Chúng ta dùng “of” khi
chỉ về số lượng dùng “in” khi chỉ về nơi chốn.
- Với dạng so sánh nhất của tính từ, có thể sử dụng “second”, “third”,...
Ví dụ: Karachi in Pakistan is the second largest city in the world in population.
          (Karachi ở Pakistan là thành phố đông dân thứ 2 trên thế giới.)

- Có thể sử dụng “by far” để nhấn mạnh so sánh nhất.

Ví dụ: China is by far the most populated country in the world.
          (Trung Quốc là nước đông dân nhất trên thế giới.)

II. Comparison of adverbs

- Với trạng từ kết thúc bằng -ly, ta sử dụng more để tạo thành hình thức so sánh hơn, và most để
tạo thành so sánh hơn nhất.
Ví dụ: + The teacher spoke more slowly to help us to understand.
   (Cô giáo nói một cách chậm hơn để cho chúng tôi dễ hiểu.)

+ Could you walk more quietly please?

    (Bạn có thể đi lại khẽ hơn được không?)

- Với những trạng từ ngắn không tận cùng bằng -ly các hình thức so sánh hơn và so sánh hơn
nhất giống hệt với tính từ: thêm -er để so sánh hơn và -est để so sánh hơn nhất. Nếu trạng từ tận
cùng bằng “e” thì loại bỏ “e” trước khi thêm -er hay -est. (late, soon)
Ví dụ: + Jim works harder than his brother.

    (Jim làm việc chăm chỉ hơn anh của mình.)

+ Everyone in the race ran fast, but John ran the fastest of all.
   (Mọi người đều chạy nhanh, nhưng John chạy nhanh nhất.)

* Một số ADJ/ADV có hình thức so sánh khác thường

Tính từ/ Trạng từ So sánh hơn So sánh nhất Nghĩa

good/ well better the best tốt

bad/ badly worse the worst xấu

far farther/ further the farthest/ the furthest xa

little less the least ít

many/ much more the most nhiều

Ví dụ:

- The little boy ran farther than his friends.

  (Cậu bé chạy xa hơn bạn của mình.)

- You're driving worse today than yesterday!

  (Bạn lái xe còn tệ hơn hôm qua.)

- He played the best of any player.

(Anh ta chơi tốt nhất so với bất kì cầu thủ nào.)
 1. stressful ✓ 11. populous ✓
(căng thẳng) (đông dân)

2. exciting ✓ 12. polluted ✓

(thú vị) (bị ô nhiễm)

3. delicious   13. cosmopolitan ✓

(ngon) (khắp thế giới)

4. historic ✓ 14. unemployed  

(cổ kính) (thất nghiệp)

5. busy ✓ 15. annoying ✓

(tấp nập) (gây khó chịu)

6. forbidden ✓ 16. pleased  

(bị cấm) (hài lòng)

7. exhausted   17. cheerful  

(mệt mỏi) (vui vẻ)

8. modern ✓ 18. easy-going  

(hiện đại) (hòa đồng)

9. frightening ✓ 19. downtown ✓

(đáng sợ) (trung tâm thành phố)

10. rural   20. fashionable ✓

(thuộc về miền quê) (hợp thời trang)

Bài 3

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Nội dung chính
 Chuyên đề câu so sánh môn tiếng Anh lớp 9
 I. Lý thuyết về câu so sánh thi vào lớp 10
 Bài tập so sánh tính từ vàtrạng từ
 I. Choose the correct answer.
 II. Complete the following sentences with the appropriate form of the words in
brackets.
  III. Complete the sentences below, using the suitable comparison form of the
adjectives from the box. One of these adjectives is used twice.
 IV. Match the phrases in A with suitable ones in B and C to make meaningful
sentences.
 V. Rewrite the sentences, beginning as shown.
 VI. Complete the sentences below, using Comparative + and + comparative
 VII. Complete the sentences below, using the information in brackets.
 VIII. Complete the sentences below, using The comparative…, the comparative…
 IX. Complete the second sentence so that the meaning stays the same.
 X. Which is correct or both of them? Underline the correct answer(s).
 XI. Choose the best answer.
 Ex.12 Choose the best answer
 Ex. 14: Khoanh tròn vào câu trả lời đúng
 Bài tập tính từ và trạng từ trong tiếng Anh (Phần 1)
 Bài tập So sánh hơn với trạng từ lớp 8 có đáp án
 Grammar: Comparison of adjectives and adverbs - Unit 2 SGK Tiếng Anh 9 mới
 Video liên quan

Tính từ ngắn là tính từ có một âm tiết. Tính từ có hai âm tiết trở lên là tính từ dài.

e.g: Long, short, nice, dry,…là tính từ ngắn.

Careful, careless, complicated, bored,… là tính từ dài.

→ Short and long adverbs (Trạng từ ngắn và trạng từ dài):

Trạng từ ngắn là trạng từ có một âm tiết. Trạng từ có hai âm tiết trở lên là trạng từ dài.

e.g: Hard, fast, late, soon, …là những trạng từ ngắn.

Quickly, interestingly, tiredly, slowly…là những trạng từ dài.

→ Lưu ý: Các tính từ hai âm tiết tận cùng là “y”, “ow’’, “le”, “er”, “et” thì ta coi như tính từ
ngắn.

e.g: Happy, lovely, lazy, busy, narrow, simple, clever, quiet,…

Early được coi như trạng từ ngắn.

1. I. Equal degree (So sánh bằng):

+ S2 + ( be/ Trợ động từ)c
S1 + (be/ V)c + as + adj / adv + as
+O
e.g: She is as tall as I am = She is as tall as me. (Cô ấy cao bằng tôi.)

He runs as quickly as I do = He runs as quickly as me. (Anh ấy chạy nhanh như tôi.)

2. Comparatives: (So sánh hơn):

+ adj/ adv (short) + er

S1 + (be/ V)c + than + S2 + ( be/ Trợ động từ)c / O
+ more adj/ adv (long)
e.g: My friend did the test more carefully than I did. = My friend did the test more
carefully than me. (Bạn tôi làm bài kiểm tra cẩn thận hơn tôi.)

He is more intelligent than I am. = He is more intelligent than me. (Anh ấy thông minh
hơn tôi.)

John is stronger than his brother.

He runs faster than I do.

III. Superlatives (So sánh nhất):

+ adj / adv (short) + est
S + (be/ V)c + the
+ most + adj / adv (long)
g: That was the happinest day of my life.

Maria is the most beautiful in my class.

Cheetah runs the fastest in the world.

Of the students in my class, Nam speaks English the most fluently.

Double comparatives (So sánh kép):

 Càng …càng…:

Bài tập so sánh tính từ vàtrạng từ

I. Choose the correct answer.
1. Of the four dresses, I like the red one (better/ best).

2. Pat’s car is (faster/ fastest) than Dan’s.

3. John is (less/ least) athletic of all the men.

4. Does Fred feel (weller/ better) today than he did yesterday?

5. My cat is the (prettier/ prettiest) of the two.

6. This vegetable soup tastes very (good/ best).

7. David is the (happier/ happiest) person that we know.

8. This summery is (the better/ the best) of the pair.

9. Jim has as (few/ fewer) opportunities to play tennis as I do.

10. The museum is (the further/ the furthest) away of the three buildings.

II. Complete the following sentences with the appropriate form of the words in
brackets.
1. Learning to speak a language is often much (easy) _____________________ than
learning to write it.

2. This hotel must be (expensive)____________________ than the small one next

door.

3. He is certainly (unusual)___________________person I have ever met.

4. His latest film is (interesting)_____________________ than his previous ones.

5. What is (difficult)_______________________ thing you have ever done?

6. Losing your credit card is (bad)_______________________ than losing your money.

7. Bringing up children is one of (hard)_____________________ jobs in the world.

8. When I saw her, she looked much (thin)______________________ than I
remembered her.

III. Complete the sentences below, using the suitable comparison form of the
adjectives from the box. One of these adjectives is used twice.
warm comfortable cheap intelligent

lucky simple boring hot difficult

1. This exercise is too easy – can’t we try a ____________________ one?

2. England is too cold in spring – let’s go to Spain where is ____________________.

3. She comes top in all exams – she must be _________________________ girl in the
class.

4. The temperature in July reaches forty – four degrees – it’s

______________________ month of the year.

5. Let’s buy this video – it doesn’t cost too much – it’s ______________________ the
other one.

6. When I passed my driving test, it was the _________________________ day of my

life.

7. Lying down in bed is ___________________________ sitting on a hard chair.

8. I could hardly keep awake – it was _______________________________ film I’ve

ever seen.

9. She’s ______________________________ person I know – she is always winning

prizes in lotteries.

10. I can’t do this test – can you give me a ______________________________ one?

IV. Match the phrases in A with suitable ones in B and C to make meaningful
sentences.
A B C

1. Jonathan is A. the biggest state m. in the group.

2. My great-great aunt is B. the longest river n. in my family.

3. London is C. the best musician o. in the team.

4. Alaska is D. the fastest runner p. in the world.

5. The guitar player is E. the biggest city q. in Britain.

6. The Nile is F. the oldest person r. in the USA.

7. My parents’ room is G. the most expensive s. of the four bedrooms.

8. The Mercedes is H. the longest day t. of the five girls.

9. Sarah is I. the youngest u. of the three cars.

10. June 21th is J. the biggest v. of the year.

V. Rewrite the sentences, beginning as shown.
1. Yesterday the temperature was nine degrees, but today it is only six degrees.

- It’s.............................................................

2. I expected my friends arrived at about 4p.m. In fact they arrived at 2:30.

- My friends....................................................

3. Jane cooks better than her sister.

→ Jane’s sister.................................................

4. Tom is the best football player in this team.

→ Nobody in this team.................................................

5. Nothing is faster than the speed of light.

→ The speed of light.................................................

6. Jack is younger than he looks.

→ Jack isn’t.................................................

7. I didn’t spend as much money as you do.

→....................................................................

8. I have never met anyone as interesting as he is.

→ He is........................................................

VI. Complete the sentences below, using Comparative + and + comparative

1. The company expanded rapidly. It grew (big) _____________________________ all
the time.

2. Cathy got (bored) __________________________________ in her job. In the end,

she left.

3. My bag seemed to get (heavy) ___________________________ as I carried them.

4. As I waited for my interview, I became (nervous)

_________________________________.

5. As the day went on, the weather got (bad) _______________________________.

6. Healthcare is becoming (expensive) _________________________.

7. As the conversation went on, Tom became (talkative)

__________________________.

8. These days, (many) _____________________________ people are learning

English.

9. The company’s share price went (high) ______________________.

10. Life got (good) _________________for boss Bob Watt as the company became
(successful)____________
11. Life in the modern world is becoming (complex) ____________________________.

12. When I get excited, my heart beats (fast) ___________________________.

13. The little boy seemed to get (upset)________________________.

14. It’s getting (difficult)__________________________ to find a job.

15. The noise got (loud)_________________________ as we approached the house.

VII. Complete the sentences below, using the information in brackets.

1. The older you get, ______________________________________(You are
understanding).

2. The younger you are, ____________________________________(you learn

quickly).

3. The earlier we start, ________________________________ (it is good).

4. The bigger a supermarket is, __________________________________ (the choice

is wide).

5. The more you learn, _____________________________________ (you know a lot

about the world).

6. The more we practice a language, _________________________________ (we can

speak fluently).

7. The more he plays sport, ______________________________________ (he looks

healthy).

8. The higher the humidity is, ______________________________________ (people

feel uncomfortable).

VIII. Complete the sentences below, using The comparative…, the

comparative…
1. The crowd became increasingly angry at the long delay.

→_________ the delay (was), ___________ the crowd became.

2. The value of a picture depends on how famous the artist is.

→ _______________ an artist (is), _______________ the picture is.

3. How well I sleep depends on how late I go to bed.

è ___________________ I go to bed, ______________I sleep.

4. I don’t spend much time with my family because I work so hard.

→ ____________________ I work, _________________ I spend with my family.

5. The traffic moves very slowly as more cars comes into the city.

→ __________________ cars come into the city, _______ the traffic moves.

6. How much you sweat depends on how hot you get.

→ ___________ you get, ______________ you sweat.

7. It’s hard to concentrate when you are tired.

è ______ you are, _______________ it is to concentrate.

8. How much petrol a car uses depends on how big the engine is.

→ ______________ the engine (is), ___________ the car uses.

9. If a knife is sharp, it is easy to cut something with.

→___________ a knife (is), _____________ it is to cut something.

10. I became increasingly nervous about her fast driving.

→ ___________ she drove, ___________ I became.

IX. Complete the second sentence so that the meaning stays the same.
1. His previous CD wasn’t as popular as this one.

→ This CD........................................................

2. I haven’t taken as much interest in football as you have.

→ You have........................................................

3. I was less interested in the film than I had expected.

→The film........................................................

4. Britain isn’t as warm as Greece.

→ Greece........................................................

5. I have been to fewer countries than you have.

→ I haven’t........................................................

6. Couldn’t you find a better hotel?

→ Is this........................................................

7. He lost his money simply because he wasn’t careful.

→ If he........................................................

8. He has never behaved so violently before.

He is behaving........................................................

9. As television programs become more popular, they seem to get worse.

→ The more........................................................

10. My boss works better when he’s pressed for time.

→The less...........................................................
X. Which is correct or both of them? Underline the correct answer(s).
1. My older/ elder sister is a TV producer.

2. I’m surprised Mary is only 25. I thought she was older/ elder.

3. Jane’s younger sister is still at school. Her older/ elder sister is a nurse.

4. Is she younger than you? – No, she is older/ elder than me.

5. I must ring home today and find out if there’s any further/ father news about my
grandmother and her operation.

6. Paris is further/ father north than Tokyo.

7. John ran further/ father than his friend did.

8. I gave my old laptop to my sister because I had no further/ father use for it.

9. This is the latest/ last news.

10. This is the latest/ last time I lend you my car.

11. I think this is his latest/ last but not his latest/ last literacy work.

12. This jacket is the latest/ last fashion.