1.

Load Criteria
The environmental load return period is calculated based on structure lifetime based on
BS 6349. The environmental load return period is designed using 50 years return period
probability following guidelines on BS 6349 for common port infrastructure. Parameters
used in this calculation obtained from reports, listed as in Table 3 .1.

Table 3.1 – Design structure lifetime guideline based on BS 6349

2. Jemur Island
The wind and wave condition in Jemur Island covered several sites as follows:
1. P. Jemur

2.1. Wind Condition

The wind condition in Jemur Island is obtained from ERA5 Reanalysis Data from
ECMWF for 10 years (2012 – 2021). The extracted point from ERA5 Data is located at
100.55°E and 2.85°N. The wind rose for 10 years of wave data is given in Figure 1.
The wind mainly in the range between 1 m/s to 6 m/s. The wind pattern is grouped for
3 monthly following the monsoon season as follows:
1. In the west monsoon season (December – January – February) the wind is
blowing mainly from northwest.
2. In the transition between west to east monsoon season (March – April – May) the
wind is blowing from northwest, southeast, with variation from north to south.
3. In the east monsoon season (June – July – August) the wind is blowing mainly
from southeast.
4. In the transition between east to west monsoon season (September – October –
November) the wind is blowing from southwest with variation from east to south.
 Figure 1 – Wind Rose for 10 Years Data at Jemur Island

The wind speed and direction distribution are given in Table 2 and Figure 2. It shows
that wind with velocity higher than 10 m/s occurred around 0.03% a year. Wind return
period is obtained from extreme analysis with block maxima method. The yearly
maximum wind speed is given in Table 3. 3 types of frequency distribution are tested
which are Largest Extreme Value, Lognormal and Weibull. The distribution test gives
3-parameter weibull distribution as best fit with p value > 0.05 and smallest Anderson
Darling test parameter (Figure 3). Return periods are obtained from empirical CDF as
given in Figure 4. The 50 years return period of wind velocity is 12.55 m/s (Table 4).

Table 2 – Wind Frequency Distribution at Jemur Island

Direction
s / Wave 0.50 - 1.00 - 2.00 - 4.00 - 6.00 - 8.00 - 10.00 -
>= 15.00 Total
Classes 1.00 2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 10.00 15.00
(m)
N 0.47% 1.52% 2.40% 0.47% 0.04% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 4.89%
NNE 0.39% 1.18% 1.05% 0.07% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 2.70%
NE 0.38% 1.01% 0.79% 0.05% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 2.23%
NEE 0.37% 1.07% 0.87% 0.09% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 2.40%
E 0.42% 1.26% 1.70% 0.27% 0.01% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 3.67%
ESE 0.45% 1.66% 3.24% 1.26% 0.20% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 6.80%
SE 0.46% 1.87% 5.59% 3.87% 0.77% 0.02% 0.00% 0.00% 12.57%
SSE 0.40% 1.72% 5.28% 3.88% 0.89% 0.03% 0.00% 0.00% 12.20%
S 0.47% 1.62% 3.44% 1.28% 0.31% 0.04% 0.00% 0.00% 7.16%
SSW 0.37% 1.33% 1.66% 0.32% 0.04% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 3.72%
SW 0.41% 1.13% 1.17% 0.12% 0.01% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 2.83%
WSW 0.40% 1.03% 0.94% 0.10% 0.00% 0.01% 0.00% 0.00% 2.48%
W 0.39% 1.15% 1.39% 0.22% 0.01% 0.00% 0.01% 0.00% 3.18%
WNW 0.40% 1.37% 3.14% 0.93% 0.15% 0.03% 0.01% 0.00% 6.03%
NW 0.45% 1.86% 5.77% 4.42% 1.32% 0.23% 0.01% 0.00% 14.06%
NNW 0.44% 1.75% 4.96% 3.12% 0.73% 0.06% 0.00% 0.00% 11.06%
Sub-Total 6.66% 22.55% 43.38% 20.46% 4.48% 0.41% 0.03% 0.00% 97.97%
Calms 2.03%
Missing/Incomplete 0.00%
Total 100.00%
 Figure 2 – Wind Class Frequency for Wind Data at Jemur Island

Table 3 – Yearly Maximum Wind Velocity for Jemur Island

Max Wind
Years
Velocity (m/s)
2012 8.45
2013 9.37
2014 8.95
2015 8.45
2016 10.87
2017 10.73
2018 8.25
2019 10.41
2020 8.83
2021 11.69
 Figure 3 – Distribution Fit Test for Wind Data at Jemur Island

Figure 4 – Cumulative Distribution Function for Wind Data at Jemur Island

Table 4 – Wind Velocity Return Period at Jemur Island

 RT
% of Exceedance ECDF % U (m/s)
(years)

2 50 50 9.39
5 20 80 10.50
10 10 90 11.19
20 5 95 11.81
25 4 96 11.99
50 2 98 12.55
100 1 99 13.07
2.2. Wave Condition
The wave condition in Jemur Island is obtained from ERA5 Reanalysis Data from
ECMWF for 10 years (2012 – 2021). The extracted point from ERA5 Data is located at
99.50°E and 4.65°N. The wave data is offshore total wave data in deep water which
consider the swell condition. The wave rose for 10 years of wave data is given in
Figure 5. The wave height mainly in the range between 0.25 m to 0.75 m. The wave
pattern is grouped for 3 monthly period following the monsoon season as follows:
1. In the west monsoon season (December – January – February) the wave is
coming mainly from northeast.
2. In the transition between west to east monsoon season (March – April – May) the
wave is coming mainly from northwest.
3. In the east monsoon season (June – July – August) the wave is coming mainly
from northwest with variation from southeast
4. In the transition between east to west monsoon season (September – October –
November) the wave is coming from northwest.

Figure 5 – Wave Rose for 10 Years Data at Jemur Island

The wave height and direction distribution are given in Table 5 and Figure 6. It shows
that wave with height more than 0.50 m occurred around 32% a year. Wave return
period is obtained from extreme analysis with block maxima method. The yearly
maximum wave height for wave from northeast, northwest, and all direction are given
in Table 6. 3 types of frequency distribution are tested which are Largest Extreme
Value, Lognormal and Weibull. The distribution test gives distribution of lognormal for
northeast wave, Weibull for northwest wave, and largest extreme value for all direction
wave as best fit with pvalue > 0.05 and smallest Anderson Darling test parameter
(Figure 7). Return periods are obtained from empirical CDF as given in Figure 8. The
50 years return period of wave height is 1.91 m (Table 7). Wave period relation with
wave height is given in Figure 9. Correlation between the wave period and square root
of wave height (DHI,2016) follows 7.78√ H s .
Table 5 – Wave Frequency Distribution at Jemur Island
Directions
/ Wave 0.25 - 0.50 - 0.75 - 1.00 - 1.50 - 2.00 - 2.50 -
>= 3.00 Total
Classes 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00
(m)
N 2.15% 0.50% 0.06% 0.03% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 2.74%
NNE 5.27% 3.41% 0.64% 0.30% 0.03% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 9.64%
NE 1.33% 0.23% 0.01% 0.01% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 1.57%
NEE 0.51% 0.03% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.54%
E 0.53% 0.03% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.56%
ESE 0.75% 0.07% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.82%
SE 1.50% 0.93% 0.23% 0.15% 0.01% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 2.82%
SSE 2.35% 2.21% 0.52% 0.19% 0.01% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 5.27%
S 1.16% 1.10% 0.14% 0.02% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 2.42%
SSW 0.95% 0.70% 0.05% 0.01% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 1.71%
SW 1.02% 0.58% 0.06% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 1.67%
WSW 3.46% 0.93% 0.06% 0.02% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 4.46%
W 1.57% 0.49% 0.02% 0.01% 0.01% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 2.08%
WNW 6.64% 3.42% 0.19% 0.06% 0.02% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 10.32%
NW 14.87% 11.14% 1.66% 0.63% 0.04% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 28.34%
NNW 5.51% 0.97% 0.17% 0.05% 0.01% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 6.71%
Sub-Total 49.54% 26.74% 3.79% 1.47% 0.11% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 81.66%
Calms 18.34%
Missing/Incomplete 0.00%
Total 100.00%

Figure 6 – Wave Class Frequency for Wave Data at Jemur Island

Table 6 – Yearly Maximum Wave Height for Jemur Island
Hs NE Hs NW
Year Hs All Dir (m)
(m) (m)
2012 0.74 1.35 1.35
2013 1.42 1.31 1.53
2014 1.16 1.28 1.53
2015 0.85 0.95 1.44
2016 1.71 1.86 1.86
2017 1.81 1.68 1.81
2018 0.77 1.52 1.52
2019 1.40 1.05 1.40
2020 1.11 1.43 1.43
2021 1.16 1.56 1.56
Figure 7 – Distribution Fit Test for Wave Data at Jemur Island
Figure 8 – Cumulative Distribution Function for Wave Data at Jemur Island
Table 7 – Wave Height Return Period at Jemur Island
RT % of Hs (m)
ECDF
(years Exceedanc
%
) e NE NW All Dir
2 50 50 1.16 1.41 1.51
5 20 80 1.51 1.63 1.64
10 10 90 1.73 1.72 1.72
20 5 95 1.95 1.80 1.80
25 4 96 2.01 1.82 1.83
50 2 98 2.21 1.88 1.91
100 1 99 2.41 1.94 1.99

16

14

12

10 f(x) = 7.78927439617667 x
R² = 0.899334779033491
Tp (s)

0
0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6

sqrt(Hs)

Figure 9 – Wave Height vs Wave Period Relationship

2.3. Design Criteria

Based on ECMWF extreme analysis data, the design criteria for wind speed for return
period of 50 years is URT=50 = 12.55 m/s and for wave height for return period of 50
years is HsRT=50 = 1.91 m