REFERENCE ATLAS

World: Political RA2 Asia: Physical RA18

World: Physical RA4 Middle East: Physical/Political RA20

North America: Political RA6 Pacific Rim: Physical/Political RA22

North America: Physical RA7 World Land Use RA24

South America: Political RA8 World Population Cartogram RA26

South America: Physical RA9 World Gross Domestic

Product Cartogram RA28
Europe: Political RA10
World’s People RA30
Europe: Physical RA12
World Historical Eras RA32
Africa: Political RA14
Polar Regions RA34
Africa: Physical RA15

Asia: Political RA16

ATLAS KEY

Ice cap
Tu
Ev

ra
d
er
g
re
M

n
e
ix

fo
Mountai

ed

re
st
f o
re

st
G

O c e a n s
r a
ns

Seas
s
l
a

n
d

D e s e r t

SYMBOL KEY
Canal Depression Below sea level Lava
Claimed boundary Elevation Dry salt lake Sand
International boundary National capital Lake Swamp
Towns Rivers

REFERENCE ATLAS RA1

 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

150°W 120°W 90°W 60°W 30°W 0°

A A R C T I C O
Islands
E lizabeth
Queen
Chukchi GREENLAND
Sea Beaufort ea
(KALAALLIT NUNAAT) S Sva
Sea Baffin Den.

nd
RUSSIA N
B ay

la
n

Mackenzie
Y uk on

en

n
a ia
Great Baffin

S e eg
ALASKA

re
60°N Bear Lake Island

w
U.S.

G
B

or
Bering Anchorage A RCT I C C I R C L E I

N
Great Nuuk

R
Sea Gulf of Slave Lake Reykjavik yk

NO
Alaska ICELAND D
Aleutian Islan
ds Hudson Oslo
Bay L a b ra d o r
C A N A D A UNITED U
Sea KINGDOM DENMARK
IN
Vancouver Dublin NETH. b
Calgary
Seattle Gr
ea IRELAND D
GERMA
n BELG.
Missouri Island of
Lo ndo Paris

tL
C Newfoundland AL

ak
Toronto Ottawa SWITZ. SL

es
NORTH Chicago FRANCE C
New York City Madr a
IT
San Francisco U N I T E D S T A To E S id Rom
Ohi Washington N ORTH Azores
PORTUGAL UG

30°N PaCIFIC Los Angeles Port.

SPAIN Medi
t

pi
si p
Atlanta Algier

s
Hous Madeira Is. Rabat ba

ssi
ton ATLaNTIC TUNISIA

Mi
Port.

Ri o
OCEaN MOROCCO O

AL
Gr
T ROP I C O Gulf of Canary Is.
D P.

an
F C A N C ER de Sp.

GE
BA
Mexico RE
o
in g

HA
MEXICO AN OC EaN WESTERN

RI
Hawaiian omCO U.S.

IA
MA
Havana DIC SAHARA

A
Islands N Morocco
o

AN
Guadalajara I

S
CUBA t

I
R

M
U.S. n TO
Sa UER ST. KITTS & NEVIS
BELIZE

DO

IT

IT
Mexico City HAITI P CAPE R
GUATEMALA
JAMAICA
Caribbean Sea
ANTIGUA & BARBUDA VERDE AU NIG
DOMINICA M

I
Guatemala City HONDURAS ST. LUCIA BARBADOS SENEGAL L
ST. VINCENT & GAMBIA M
A Niam
EL SALVADOR NICARAGUA GRENADA THE GRENADINES GUINEA- GUINEA
NIGEE

BENIN
COSTA RICA TRINIDAD & TOBAGO BISSAU
Caracas

TOGO
E

G HAN A
OIR E
D'IVCOTE
PANAMA VENEZUELA BURKINA FASO
E
FRENCH ON Lago
Medellin Bogota GUIANA A LE

ˆ
IA IA

GUYAN
SIERR

S UR I
Fr. B ER
Christmas Island COLOMBIA LI EQ.
GUINEA

NA M
Kiribati EQUATOR
0° Quito Neg

A
Galapagos GA

ro

E
ECUADOR Manaus SAO TOME
Islands zo n & PRINCIP
Ecua. A ma CABIN
PERU
a

Ang
ir

Recife
de

B R A Z I L
U ca

Marquesas co Luan
Ma

s
Islands

nci
ya

Lima Salvador

Sao Fra
li

Fr.
(Bahia)
SAMOA
AMERICAN
La Paz Brasilia
SAMOA BOLIVIA SOUTH H
U.S. Sucre
FRENCH POLYNESIA Rio de
Fr. PARAGUAY Janeiro Wind
TONGA P R I C O RN Sao Paulo ATLaNTIC T
TROPIC OF CA Asuncion

MERIDIAN OF GREENWICH (LONDON)

G
Parana

Cordoba Porto Alegre

Santiago URUGUAY OCEaN Cape
N
Buenos Montevideo
30°S CHILE Aires
SOUTH
ARGENTINA

H
PaCIFIC
Falkland Islands
Chatham Is. U.K.
N.Z. OCEaN Tierra del Fuego South

WORLD Strait
of Ma
gella
n

Pa
ssa
ge
Georgia
U.K.

POLITICAL ra
ke
D

0 mi 2000 Antarctic
J 60°S C LE Peninsula
T I C CIR
0 km 2000 ANTARC
We d d e l l
WINKEL TRIPEL PROJECTION Sea

Berkner
Ross Island
Sea A N
K

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

RA2 REFERENCE ATLAS

 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

0° 30°E 60°E 90°E 120°E 150°E

C O C E a N A
Franz Josef Severnaya
Land Zemlya New Siberian
Islands
East
K a ra
ea Barents
Sea
Laptev Sea Siberian Sea
S Svalbard Sea
Novaya
d

Nor.
an

Zemlya
n
nl

a ia
S e eg

Y Len
a
0°N
w

A Ye
6Bering
FIN

B
or

ni
RW

I R C LE se Yakutsk
N

y
EN

Ob

kjavik Sea
LAND
NO

Sea of Kamchatka
SWED

D R U S S I A Okhotsk Peninsula
Oslo
St. Petersburg
Sea

EST. Ob
UNITED Volga Yekaterinburg Am
LATVIA Novosibirsk Lake Sakhalin
NGDOM DENMARK Moscow Samara Omsk
ic

lt LITH. Baikal ur
lin NETH. Ba Irt
POLAND BELARUS Ural ys
D GERMANY Astana h
Ulaanbaatar
on BELG. CZECH
Kiev Harbin
Lo n d ParisAUST.
REP. SLOV UKRAINE
AKIA MOLD.
KAZAKHSTAN
Aral Sea
MONGOLIA NORTH
KOREA
Hokkaido
Sapporo C
SWITZ. SLOV. HUNG. T Shenyang
UZBashke Almaty
ROMANIA AZERBAIJAN
C as

FRANCE CROAT. Honshu

YU

EK nt
.

Black Sea Beijing Pyongyang

&H

Bishkek
pia

ITALY
dr IS
G.

id BULGARIA GEORGIA TUR TA

w
Rome Seoul JAPAN
B.

nS

ARMENIA KM N KYRGYZSTAN Tianjin

Yello
I A M EN
GAL A LB A N A C E D.
Ankara IST TAJIKISTAN Tokyo NORTH
ea

Medi AN SOUTH
SPAIN ter GREECE TURKEY Ashgabat D usha n b e C H I N A KOREA Osaka N
ra Tehran 30°
N

ne Algiers
at an
S e aCYPRUS
SYRIA
S T A Islamabad ngtze Kyushu
LEBANON BagIhR A N GHANI Chengdu Ya Shanghai
N

TUNISIA
ISRAEL IRAQ
Tripoli da d A F Lahore B r a h m a p u tr a P a C I F I C
TA

OCCO JORDAN Wuhan

AL

Delhi GanNg EPAL The People's Republic

Cairo BHUTAN
IS

KUWAIT
Guangzho Taipei ofasChina claims Taiwan D
K

New
GE

I n d us

es
PA

L I B YA EGYPT BAHRAIN QATAR u its 23rd province.

Karachi Delhi Dhaka TAIWAN
RI

Nile

Riyadh BANGLADESH
Philippine O C E a N
Re
A

U.A.E.
Hanoi Hong Kong
A
NI

SAUDI Muscat Kolkata MYANMAR

d

Sea
AN
TA

(BURMA) LAOS Hainan

ARABIA Mumbai INDIA Luzon
NORTHERN VIMe
Se

South
Bay Yangon
M

MARIANA ETkong
CHAD ERITREA O Hyderabad China ISLANDS
NA
Sanaa
a

NIGER of THAILAND Manila

Khartoum Arabian U.S.
I

L Bengal Bangkok S e a
M
A Niamey YEMEN PHILIPPINES
M SUDAN Sea Bangalore CAMBODIA
N'Djamena DJIBOUTI Chennai Phnom MARSHALL
Socotra
EA
Penh Ho Chi Minh
BENIN

NIGERIA ISLANDS
N
TOGO

Addis Ababa Yemen E

G HAN A

IA

City PALAU
OO
OIR E
D'IVCOTE

CENTRAL SRI
Colombo LANKA Mindanao
AL

Lagos AFRICAN ETHIOPIA FEDERATED STATES

ER

BRUNEI
ˆ

A REPUBLIC Kuala M A OF MICRONESIA

MALDIVES
M
M

Bangui
CA

Lumpur L A Y S I A
SO

EQ. KIRIBATI
GUINEA DEM. REP. UGANDA Mogadishu EQUATOR Borneo
Su
GO

OF THE KENYA
ma

GABON CONGO SINGAPORE NAURU

Nairobi
N

tra

SAO TOME Celebes

& PRINCIPE C O Brazzaville RWANDA SEYCHELLES
CABINDA Kinshasa BURUNDI I N D O N E S I A New TUVALU
Ang. Dodoma Dar es Salaam Jakarta Java Guinea PAPUA
TANZANIA EAST NEW GUINEA
Luanda Surabaya TIMOR SOLOMON
ISLANDS F
M AL AW

COMOROS Arafura Sea Port

ANGOLA
UE

ZAMBIA Darwin Moresby

Q

Lusaka mbez
I
BI

Za i Antananarivo
AM

H NAMIBIA ZIMBABWE
Harare MAURITIUS C o r a l VANUATU FIJI
MOZ

MADAGASCAR INDIaN Sea ISLANDS

Windhoek BOTSWANA Reunion
Gaborone Fr.
IC Pretoria Maputo
MERIDIAN OF GREENWICH (LONDON)

Orange SWAZILAND OCEaN New Caledonia

Bloemfontein AUSTRALIA Fr. G
SOUTH
AFRICA LESOTHO South
N Cape Town Perth
Brisbane
g Pacific
lin
ar Ocean
D Sydney
North
Mu

ra Canberra Island
r

Melbourne y
Tasman
Sea Auckland
Tasmania
NEW ZEALAND
Kerguelen Islands
Wellington ABBREVIATIONS H
Fr.
South AUST. ................ AUSTRIA
Island B.&H. ................. BOSNIA &
HERZEGOVINA
BELG. .......................... BELGIUM
CROAT. .............................. CROATIA
CZECH REP. .................. CZECH REPUBLIC
DEM. REP. ......................... DEMOCRATIC
60°S OF THE REPUBLIC OF J
CONGO THE CONGO
EQ. GUINEA ........ EQUATORIAL GUINEA
EST. ........................................... ESTONIA
HUNG. ................................... HUNGARY
LITH. ...................................... LITHUANIA
ea MACED. ............................. MACEDONIA
sS
A N T A R C T I C A Ros MOLD. ................................... MOLDOVA
NETH. .............................. NETHERLANDS
SLOV. ...................................... SLOVENIA
SWITZ. ............................. SWITZERLAND K
U.A.E. ............. UNITED ARAB EMIRATES
YUG. .................................. YUGOSLAVIA
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

REFERENCE ATLAS RA3

 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

150°W 120°W 90°W 60°W 30°W 0°

A A r c t i c O
ands Oodaaq I.
eth Isl
Elizab I sla n d
Q u e eonle Ellesmere
P
Chukchi North Magnetic
Banks Melville a
Sea

Se
Beaufort Island Island GREENLAND
Sea Baffin

d
B r Victoria

an
Siberia o o k s Ra n g e Baf B ay

nl
ALASKA Island

Mackenzie

fin

ee

e
on Mt. McKinley Great Bear ia
eg

Island

Gr
k
B
60 N
° Y u
ska R
(Denali)
ange 20,320 Lake
rw

C a n a d
ft A RCT I C C I R C L E
Bering Ala I

o
6,194 m

N
Sea

Coast Mountains
Great Slave
Alexander Lake Hudson Iceland

AINS

Sc
ands Archipelago Bay
Aleutian Isl ls on L a b ra d o r
Queen Charlotte Ne

Labr
s
Sea

i a
Islands British North

d
Lake n l

a i n
Sea

ado
Vancouver Isles

MOUNT
Winnipeg i e
Island S h Ireland Great d

r
g e N O R T H Britain N

an
Missouri Grea Island of E

eR
tL

P l
C ak Newfoundland

d
lp

sca
North e s
ain

A
Ca
A M E R I C A nt Nova Scotia

s
Great Salt u
Lake o o
Central M Corsica

Y
ad n Iberian

t
Death Valley C o lor Lowland ia North Sardinia

ROCK
Pacific i h Peninsula

e a
-282 ft c Azores
la Medit

p
30°N

si p
-86 m a
p

sis
Ha Ap t ain s

G r
M oun

Rio G

Mis
wa Madeira
ii
an Ocean an
Islands Atla
s Atlantic
r
Is de
D la
T R OP I C O F C A Baja Gulf of
Canary
N C ER Bahama Islands
California
nd

Mexico W E Islands Ocean

s

Hawaii Cuba
ST S A
Gre IN
at D
e r Hispaniola I E
Jamaica Ant
illes

S
Cape Verde
P

Lesser Islands S A
CENTRAL Caribbean Sea

Ni
Antilles

ge
A F

r
AMERICA Trinidad
E
O

s
oco r Guinea

o
rin Upp e

an
Gu

O
Li

Ll ia n
a Hi
L

g h la n d Gulf of
ne

EQUATOR s Guinea
Negro
0° Galapagos azon
Is

Amazon
A N

Am
Y

Islands
lan

a
e ir

Tocantins
Basin

MERIDIAN OF GREENWICH (LONDON)

ad
ds
N

M ncis
D

Marquesas ra co
F

F
SOUTH
E

Islands

Sao
S
E

Mato Grosso B r a z i l i a n
Co

Samoa S Tu a m Lake Titicaca

otu Plateau
ok

Islands Highlands
I Arc South h
Atacama

hip AMERICA
Is

Soc ela
i e t Tahiti
Ton

A
la

Gran C

Par

g
na
Fij

yI
nd

s.
g a Is

a
aguay

s
i Is.

Pa r
Desert

TROPIC O F C A P R I C O RN Atlantic i
haco
.

G Easter Island
A

Aconcagua s
Ocean n
22,834 ft
a
N

30°S
Pa t a g o n i a Pa mp

6,960 m
South
D

Chiloe Island Valdes Peninsula

E

-131 ft
-40 m
H
Pacific
S

Falkland Islands South

Ocean Georgia
Tierra del Fuego

WORLD Strait o
f Mag
el l a n Scotia Sea South
Sandwich
Islands
PHYSICAL South Shetland
Islands
South
Orkney
Islands
0 mi 2000 Antarctic
J 60°S C LE Peninsula
T I C CIR
0 km 2000 ANTARC
Bellingshausen S
ea Quee
Weddell
WINKEL TRIPEL PROJECTION Sea
Ellsworth Land
Ronne Ice
Marie Byrd Land Shelf
Ross Sea Vinson Massif
16,067 ft IN
S A
NTA
Ross Ice 4,897 m
K
Shelf
T I C MOU
TRANSANTA R C

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

RA4 REFERENCE ATLAS

 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

0° 30°E 60°E 90°E 120°E 150°E

c O c e a n A

East
a Barents mlya K a ra Laptev Sea Siberian Sea
Ze Sea
Se

Svalbard Sea
Novaya
nd

a
Se
la

Le
en

an
a

n
i Ye Central
eg
ni
rw ia
se S I B E R I A °N
60Bering B
Ura
Siberian

y
I R C LE av
o

n na
N

di Ob W e s t Le Sea
l Mo

Plateau Sea of Kamchatka

ai
n
an

Anga
ra Okhotsk Peninsula
Pl S i b e r i a n
Sc

Irtysh Aleutian Is.

Sea

unt

an Amur
pe P l a i n Lake

I s l a n ds
North
ic

British ro
ains

lt Ob Baikal
Isles Sea Ba
rn
Eu E
O P
d e
Great
North
a

Kuril
Volg

Britain Alt
E U R The Steppes ay M
oun
lp
s
Da n 18,510 ft Aral
Elbrus A SS h a n t a i n s I GOB
I A Hokkaido C

Ja p
Sea of
A

u be Cau 5,642 m Sea an

Black Sea casus Caspian Ti Japan

an
K

Yello
Iberian Corsica Mts Taklimakan

No
. Sea

ore
Desert Honshu

rt
Peninsula Sardinia North

hC
w

a
K u nlun Shan Yellow
M e d i t e r Sicily Sea
30°N

hin
Za

ra

aP

Na
gr

ne
Indus

s ai n
o u n t ain Plateau of Tibet
H
os

l
an Cyprus ngtze East

mp
I

sla n d s
s M Sea
M

Ya
t l a M
ou

o
A Dead Sea ain A L rahmaputra China Pacific
nt

Sh
-1,349 ft s A Y A Sea

yu I

ot
-411 m o D
Libya

Mt. Everest Ganges

uk
Ni

29,035 ft Ry
le

ARABIAN
Salw
8,850 m Taiwan Philippine Ocean
Re

S A H A R A
n Dese

PENINSULA
e en

INDIA Sea
d

Me Hainan Luzon
Se

Arabian Deccan Bay of Mariana

ko

Ph
rt

ng

Plateau Bengal
a

Sea Indochina South Islands

i l ip
S A H E L
Bl

A nd a m

en Pe n i n s u l a
ue

pin
Ad Andaman China
Ni

f
fo
Nile

Islands
ge

G ul

e Isl
A F R I C A
r

Sea M I
an S

C R E
a
nin ali

Ethiopian Sri Lanka

ands
sul
White

Pe Som

r Guinea Marshall
ea

Upp e Highlands Nicobar Is.

Malay
O
N Islands
Nile

Maldive Peninsula E
Gulf of Congo Mol S
Islands
Su

Guinea Lake EQUATOR Borneo I Gilbert

ma

Victoria
M E L A Islands
Kilimanjaro I n d o n e s i a
tra

A
Lo

ucc

Congo 19,340 ft Celebes Bismarck N

we

Basin 5,895 m Greater Sunda New Archipelago

Lake Seychelles
r Gu

as

Tanganyika Guinea
MERIDIAN OF GREENWICH (LONDON)

Islands

E
Java Solomon
ine

Arafura F

S
Islands
a

Sea

I
Madagascar

A
ambe
e

h C o ra l
zi
Z

Rang

Va n u a t u
I s l a n ds
carene
Nam

Mas Indian Great

S e a
Fiji
ib Dese

Kalahari Sandy Desert Islands

Desert
g

New
sber

ic
i d i n g

AUSTRALIA Caledonia
rt

k en

Ocean Lake Eyre G

Dr a

-52 ft, -16 m South

Great
i v

Victoria Desert
lin
g Pacific
D

ar
D

Ocean
a

re
Murra G Tasman
y
Mt. Kosciuszko Sea
7,310 ft North Island
Tasmania 2,228 m
NEW
Kerguelen Islands ZEALAND H
South Island

Auckland
Islands

South
Magnetic 6 0° S J
Pole
nd
ud La
Queen Ma
ains
oun t
t ic M L and Sea
R o ss
c
ar o r i a
A N T A R C T I C A t
Transant

c
Vi h e l f
I ce S
R os s
K

9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

REFERENCE ATLAS RA5

 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

70°N

60°N
70°N
60°N

80°N
ASIA ARCTICN
A Greenland A
OCEaN Sea
180° Chukchi Sea North EUROPE

CLE
it Mag Queen
10°W
Bering S t ra neti
cP Ellesmere

C IR
ng ole
Sea B eri Point Barrow Elizabeth
Island GREENLAND

IC
( K A L A A L L I T N U NA AT )

CT
Den.

AR
170°W P a r r y I s Islands
Beaufort land
Y ukon s Baffin
B
A L A S K A
Sea Banks Bay 20°W B
U.S. Island Qeqertarsuaq

M Victoria av

D
Ba
Boothia ff
160°W ack e n z Island Peninsula i is
St Nuuk

n
YUKON Great ra (Godthab)

Is
Gulf of Bear Lake it 30°W

la
ie

Alaska N U N A V U T

nd
TERRITORY
C NORTHWEST C
TERRITORIES Southampton Labrador

50° N
Island
Great Sea
50°N

C A
Slave Lake
N A D A
150°W Hudson NE
BRITISH a W
Bay FO
c

40°W
as
R

U
ab

N
At h

LABRADOR D
O

ll
rc hi
S AS

COLUMBIA
D Chu D

L
A L B E R TA

A
C K

er n
KA

Vancouver

N
MANITOBA QUEBEC
Island
v
TC

D
Se
HE

Lake
Gulf of
W

PaCIFIC Winnipeg St
St. Lawrence .-Pierre & Miquelon
Y

N
A

40°N
ONTARIO P.E.I. F r.
140°W WASHINGTON N.B. NOVA SCOTIA
40°N
M

Missouri
NORTH Lake ME.
MONTANA Superior
O U

E OCEaN OREGON DAKOTA

MINN.
Ottawa E
VT. Lake
M

IDAHO N.H. Huron 50°W

IC

SOUTH L. Ontario MASS.

H

WYOMING WIS.
IG

DAKOTA NEW YORK R.I.

N T

Great Lake
AN

Salt Lake Michigan L. Erie CONN.

NEVADA NEBRASKA IOWA PA .
CAL

N.J.
UTAH ILL. IND.
OHIO DEL. ATLaNTIC
A I N S
IFO

COLORADO KANSAS W.VA. Wa MD.

U N I T E D S T A T E S sh n O C E a N 30°N
RN

30°N VA.
g t o n, i
IA

MISSOURI KENTUCKY D. C.
F Ar N.C. Bermuda Islands F
ppi

ARIZONA kan TENNESSEE U.K.

sas
Mississi

OKLAHOMA S.C.
NEW ARK.
MEXICO MISS.
ALA. GEORGIA
Guadalupe I. TEXAS
Mex.
TR Rio LA. F
OP I
M

LO
Gr

CO
130°W BARBADOS
RI

F CA
and

N CE ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA

DA

R BAHAMAS
e

G 20°N Gulf ST. KITTS AND NEVIS

20°N G
E

Nassau
of DOMINICAN
REPUBLIC
X

Mexico SHavana
Domiannto CUBA
go
I

PUERTO
RICO HAITI
Cayman Is.
Port-au- U.S. DOMINICA
C

U.K.
Mexico JAMAICA Prince ST. LUCIA
City O
BELIZE Kingston THE GRENADINES 60°
ST. VINCENT AND W
H Belmopan GRENADA
C a r i b b e a n TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO H
N DU RAS
S e a 10° N
A HO Tegucigalpa
NORTH M
ALity
NICARAGUA
R

C
or

E
AT ala vad A
O

al
Managua C an
D

GU tem Sal LVCOSTA ma

AMERICA 10°N a
Gu S a n L S A
E
RICA
San Jose
Pana

PANAMA
Panama City

J
POLITICAL SOUTH J
0 mi 1000
Cocos I.
C.R.
AMERICA 0°
0 km 1000
AZIMUTHAL EQUIDISTANT PROJECTION

0° E Q UATOR

K K
100°W 90°W 80°W 70°W
1 2 3 4 5 6 7

RA6 REFERENCE ATLAS

 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

70°N

60°N
70°N
60°N

80°N
ASIA ArcticN Oodaaq Island
A Lincoln Greenland A
Ocean Sea
180° Sea
Chukchi Sea EUROPE

CLE
Queen 10°W
Bering Ellesmere

C IR
Sea Point Barrow North Magnetic Pole Elizabeth
GREENLAND

IC
Seward Hayes

No k s
Gunnbjorn

Br

CT
St. Lawrence Island Peninsula Island Peninsula

rt h
12,139 ft

oo
Islands

AR
°W
170Nunivak 3,700 m

Slo
Yuko Ra e Beaufort
Baffin

p
Melville
n
ng
B Island ALASKA e Sea
Banks
Island Devon I. Bay 20°W B
us I.
K

Mt. McKinley (Denali) Island t

k o k w i m 20,320 erse
Bristol ft
Prince of Som
Bay l a s k a 6,194 m
Ale u tia n Range A R VictoriaWales I. av

D
Boothia
Ba
160 W ff is
an

° Kenai Island Peninsula i St Nuuk

ge

Kodiak I. Peninsula Ma

n
Yukon Melville ra (Godthab)
Gulf of Ma 30°W
cken
Great it

Is
Peninsula Cape Farewell
Alaska 19,551 ft ckenzie Bear Lake Foxe

lan
Plateau
zie M

5,959 m Basin
C Mt. Logan C

d
Southampton Labrador

50° N
C o a s t

H ud
ts.

Island s o n St
Great rait Sea
50°N

C ASlave Lake N A D AUngava

A
Alexander
150°W
Sla

Archipelago Bay
Hudson
N
R

ve

Peace
M o u n t

Queen Lake Bay 40°W

A
O

Charlotte Athabasca
Islands
a

c Belcher LABRADOR
as son
hab Chu D
C

Nel Islands
Colu

D Fraser At rc h i l l Island of D
Plateau I Newfoundland
a i n

ns

Ja
K

G
mbia

skat
chewan A D tai Avalon

me
Vancouver
Sa un Peninsula

sB
Island Lake N L
Y

o
s
e

ce M
Pacific

ay
Mts.

Winnipeg E pe Gulf of St. Lawrence

Gasen.
ng

Olympic S H I

re n a n
P
40°N
E

Peninsula Cape Breton Island

140°W
Ra

aw n t i
P rin c e E d w a
r d I sla n d
40°N

. L ure
M

Nova
A
C o lu m b i a P l a
s
e

M iss

St L a
o u ri Lake Bay of Scotia
g e
cad

Superior S Fundy
O

Ocean
T

E Ottawa I N Gulf of E
R a n

n
Cas

A
Lake 50°W
a

T Maine
L. Michig

S n a ke
U

Huron L. Ontario

N
Cape Mendocino te Cape Cod

U
au
P
S ier r a N

O
Great
N

Great L. Erie
M
s t

Basin Salt Lake Long Island

isso

P l a tte
L
High

N
Mt. Whitney C E N T R A L
T

Atlantic
C o a

Washington
uri

IA
hi
evad

14,494 ft L O W L A N D
Colorado O
A

4,418 m
CH

Chesapeake Bay
A

U NPlateau
I T E D S T A T E S O c e a n 30°N
a

Plains

30°N Death Valley

A
I
o

-282 ft
I

Grand
lor a d

Ozark
L

Cape
Ar
I

F Channel -86 m Bermuda F

A

Canyon an Plateau
k

Hatteras Islands
N

P
ppi

Islands sas
P
N
Co

Red A
Mississi

Sonoran
L
S

Desert P
S
Baj

L
G ul a l i f o

T A
a C

S
fo

TR Rio A
OP I O
M

Fl
f C nia

CO
130°W
Gr
Sie

or

F CA C
Sier

and
ali

N CE
ida
r

rra

R A
20°N
fo

G Gulf G
e

H
20°N
E

ra M
Ma
rn

A
M
ys

nd s
ia

of Ke A
dre

F l o rid a S I sla
adr

gin
X ccide

Mexico Havana N ir D I
O

W E I
eO

S
V

CUBA T
i o la Puerto
I tal

Hispan E sser A
rie

Rico Guadeloupe Le
n

Cayman G r HAITI DOMINICAN

Yucatan Cozumel
nt

Orizaba Islands e a t REPUBLIC s

S ntilles
C

Peninsula Island Martinique

al

e
Mexico City 18,855 ft
5,747 m JAMAICA
e r A n t i ll
O Kingston
Isthmus of BELIZE
H Tehuantepec Belmopan C a r i b b e a n S e a Trinidad
H
f
fo c NDU
RAS
HO Tegucigalpa
Lesser Anti
ll es 1 0° N
Gultepe A
NORTH Teh u an M
ALity
NICARAGUA
R

C
or

E
AT ala vad A
O

Managua
D

L ak
GU tem Sal LVCOSTA
AMERICA 10°N u a an A
G S LS
E
RICA
San Jose
e N ic aragua P
I s t h mus
PA N A M A
CENTRAL
of anam
a
Panama City
J
PHYSICAL SOUTH J
0 mi 1000 AMERICA
AMERICA 0°
0 km 1000
AZIMUTHAL EQUIDISTANT PROJECTION

0° E Q UATOR

K K
100°W 90°W 80°W 70°W
1 2 3 4 5 6 7

REFERENCE ATLAS RA7

 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
80°W S e a 60°W 50°W 40°W
i b b e artan o
A C a r Ma
a i b to
N
A
nta ac ime r
Barranquilla Sa Ma uis
Cartagena Lake B arq Caracas
Maracaibo Valencia
10°N O r ino co
Ciudad Guayana 10°N
VENEZUELA GUYANA
Bucaramanga San Georgetown ATLaNTIC
Medellin Cristobal SURINAME
Paramaribo
Bogota Cayenne OCEaN
B FRENCH B
Cali C O L O M B I A GUIANA
Malpelo I. Boa Vista Fr.
Col.
Boundary claimed
A

by Suriname
Esmeraldas Negro
Quito on Marajo EQUATOR
0° az Belem
ECUADOR A M A Z O N Am Island 0°
N

C Guayaquil Manaus Santarem

C
Amazon
Iquitos ( S o l i m o es) i s

ra
e jo Fortaleza
Ma r a n on ad

pa

X in
Teresina

Ta
M
B A S I N

gu
P
D

Natal
rus

s
Tocantin
Pu

Campina Grande
Uca

Porto Velho T
Rio is c o
E

anc

ele
Branco Recife
E

Fr
yali

B R A Z I L

s Pires
D D

o
Sa
10°S Callao 10°S
R

P ic c h u
Lima Machu
a ca
S

Cuzco
Ayacucho itic Trinidad Salvador
keT (Bahia)
La
U

BOLIVIA Brasilia
Arequipa La Paz Goiania

E Arica Oruro Santa Cruz E

Uberandia
Sucre
Paraguay

Uberaba
Iquique Campo Grande Belo Horizonte
PA

Tarija
20°S A Campinas 20°S
R

Nova Iguacu
G Londrina
A P RIC O
RN Antofagasta U Sao Paulo Rio de Janeiro
C OF C Salta A Santos
TROPI As Y
F u nc Curitiba F
E
S

io n
San Miguel
San Felix I. San Ambrosio I.
Chil. de Tucuman
Parana

uaiana
A

Urug S
ay

La Serena anta Porto Alegre

Urugu
E

Coquimbo M a ria
L

Cordoba
30 ° S Rosario 30°S
I

Valparaiso Mendoza
Buenos URUGUAY
G G
Juan Fernandez Is. Santiago Aires Rio Montevideo
T
D

Chil.
L a P la t a
de
I

la P lata
Concepcion
N

Mar del Plata

Bahia Blanca
Negr
SOUTH
E
N
H

o
H H
Puerto Montt
AMERICA
G

40°S POLITICAL 40°S

R
A
C

0 mi 800
Comodoro Rivadavia
0 km 800
PaCIFIC
A

AZIMUTHAL EQUIDISTANT PROJECTION

J OCEaN J
Falkland Islands
(Islas Malvinas)
Stanley Administered by
Rio Gallegos United Kingdom
(Claimed by Arg.)
Strait of Magellan
Punta Arenas
TIERRA DEL FUEGO
50°S Ushuaia 50°S
South Georgia I.
K Cape Horn K
U.K.

100°W 90°W 80°W 70°W 60°W 50°W 40°W 30°W 20°W

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

RA8 REFERENCE ATLAS

 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
80°W S e a 60°W 50°W 40°W
i b b e a n
A C a r N
A
Caracas
Lake
10°N Maracaibo SOrinoco
GUYANA
10°N
V E N E OZ U E L A Georgetown ATLaNTIC

N
Angel Falls SURINAME
Total drop Paramaribo

A
Bogota 3,212 ft 979 m Cayenne OCEaN
B B

L
FRENCH
G U I A N A H I G H L A N D GUIANA

L
S
Malpelo I. COLOMBIA
Boundary claimed
A

by Suriname
n Marajo EQUATOR
Quito Negro zo
0° A ma Island 0°
ECUADOR
A M A Z O N
C on s
C
N

az jo

X in g u
a
i r
Am de

pa
a

Ta
M
S e l v a s
P
Uc

B A s S I N
ru

ns
aya

Pu

Tocanti
Tele
D

li

co

sP
cis
E

B R A Z I L

ires
D D

n
ra
10°S

Sao F
10°S
R

u P ic c h u
Lima Mach
E

a ca B R A Z I L I A N
T itic MATO GROSSO
ke
U

La Brasilia
S BOLIVIA PLATEAU
Al La Paz
H I G H L A N D S
ti

E E
pl
an

Sucre
Paraguay
o

S alar
PA

d e Uyu n i
20°S 20°S
CO
R

G
A
CHA

RN U
A P RIC O A Iguazu
C OF C
TROPI A sY Falls
AN

un
S

F F
E

cio n
GR

San Felix I. San Ambrosio I.

y
Parana

ua
A

ug
Ur
E

N
L

S
A

30°S Aconcagua 22,834 ft

30°S
I

G 6,960 m Buenos URUGUAY G

P

Juan Fernandez Is. Santiago Aires R io Montevideo

D

T
M

de
I

la P
lata
A
N
P

SOUTH
N

Ne
gr
E

o
H

H H
AMERICA
I
G

-131 ft
Chiloe Island -40 m Valdes Peninsula
40°S
N

PHYSICAL 40°S
A

O
R

0 mi 800
C

Gulf of
G

Taitao San Jorge 0 km 800

PaCIFIC
A
A

Peninsula AZIMUTHAL EQUIDISTANT PROJECTION

J J
T

OCEaN Falkland Islands

A

Wellington I.
(Islas Malvinas)
P

Stanley
Strait of Magellan
Tierra del Fuego
50°S 50°S
Cape Horn South Georgia I.
K K
100°W 90°W 80°W 70°W 60°W 50°W 40°W 30°W 20°W
1 2 3 4 5 6 7

REFERENCE ATLAS RA9

 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
30°W 20°W 10°W 70°N 0° 10°E

60°N
A a

e
Akureyri N

S
Tromso
40°W

n
Reykjavik

ia
AR
ICELAND CT
IC C Y A

eg
IR C
LE L

w
Kiruna

ON)

A
or
B

O ND

N
H (L

W
Lule

W IC

E
EUROPE

EEN
Faroe Islands ea a
Torshavn

R
Den.
Um

ni
F GR

th
POLITICAL Trondheim Are

Bo
D
NO
C Alesund Vaas

IDIA

O
0 mi 400 Sundsvall
Shetland
Islands

f
M ER

fo
E
0 km 400 Lerwick Pori
Rockall

Gul
U.K. Bergen

N
AZIMUTHAL EQUIDISTANT PROJECTION
Isle of Lewis Orkney Islands Tu
30°W

W
50°N Oslo
Inverness Stavanger Uppsala
D Stockholm

e a
UNITED Aberdeen E
ak

S
SCOTLAND
Glasgow g er r
S ka

S
Edinburgh Goteborg
NORTHERN Gotland
Belfast
IRELAND North

c
IRELAND Irish Arhus L
Sea

i
DENMARK t
Dublin Sea Liverpool Malmo l
Copenhagen a LITH
E Cork Manchester B
KINGDOM RUSSIA
Birmingham Kiel
Celtic
WALES Gdansk Kau
Cardiff ENGLAND NETH. Hamburg
Sea The
London Hague Amsterdam Bydgoszcz
Land's End to n Berlin
So uth a m p Wars
ATLaNTIC l GERMANY POLAND
E n gl i s h C h a n n e Brussels
F BELGIUM Bonn Lodz
Le Havre R Wroclaw
OCEaN Brest Frankfurt O

hi
LUX.

der
ne
Paris Prague Krako
Rennes
CZECH REP.
Nantes Strasbourg A Carp
Brat
isla KI
Munich

A
La Roc F R A N C E v
Vienna a

OV
h e ll e
Bay of Zurich LIECH.

SL
G 20°W Biscay Limoges
Bern AUSTRIA
40°N SWITZERLAND Budapest
A Coruna
Bordeaux Geneva L P S
Lyon A L OVENIA HUNGARY
ia - S
Vigo nost stian Milan Ljubljana Zagreb R
Do n Seba Turin
Bilbao Sa Ve CROATIA
VOJVOD
Porto Py Toulouse n ic e
re MONAC Genoa Belgr
L

Valladolid ne O BOSNIA &

SAN
A

HERZEGOVINA YUGOS
ANDORRA e s
A

Coimbra M ar Nice MARINO

UG

SER
Sarajevo
dr

H s e ill e at
Zaragoza
i

I T A LY ic

BIA
Madrid
RT

Lisbon B ar Corsica MONTENEGRO

ce lo na Se KOSOVO
S P A I N Fr. VATICAN Rome a
PO

CITY S
Valencia Tirana MACE
Cape Palma Naples ALBANIA
Cordoba Sardinia
St. Vincent Murcia Balearic It.
Seville Islands
Cadiz
J Malaga Cartagena Sp. Cagliari Tyrrhenian
GIBRALTAR Sea Ionian
U.K. Strait
M e d GREE
o f G i b r al
tar i t e
Sea
r r
Palermo
Messina
Sicily
a Catania Pelop
n
e
AFRICA Valletta a
K 30°N MALTA n
10°W 0° 10°E S
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

RA10 REFERENCE ATLAS

 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
30°E 40°E N 50°E
70 ° Tobseda
70°E

60°N
Barents A
Sea
Tromso
A commonly accepted division 80°E
A N D Murmansk Pechora
P Llo

U
Y between Asia and Europe—here
A Iva Kola

Sea
Kirovsk marked by a gray line—is

R
L Peninsula
L A N D

formed by the Ural Mountains,

Kiruna

A
Umba Ural River, Caspian Sea, Caucasus
A

te
i Mountains, and the Black Sea B
Wh

L
with its outlets, the Bosporus
N

Kemi and the Dardanelles.

Kem Archangel

M
Lulea
Oulu Severodvinsk
Syktyvkar
E

O
ea a
Um

U
ni
th

Europe-Asia
I N
Bo

N
Kuopio
boundary C
Vaasa Lake

T
l Onega Perm
ASIA

A
f

R U S S I A
fo

Pori Lake
Gul

I N
Tampere
Ladoga Kirov
Turku
Helsinki
70°E
St. Petersburg

S
la
Tallinn Velikiy Ufa 50°N D
m Novgorod Kazan
e a

ESTONIA Yaroslavl
Nizhniy
S

Tver Novgorod
and
Riga Moscow Samara
c

LATVIA rg N
Ore n b u
i

t Daugavpils
l
LITHUANIA Ryazan Penza
A
Vitsyebsk Smolensk T E
RUSSIA Vilnius Oral S
a

as H
lg

nsk Kaun Saratov

Vo

Minsk Bryansk K
U
ra

BELARUS A
l

szcz Homyel Z
Warsaw Kursk A
AND Chernihiv
K
Lodz Sumy F
Volgograd
O Kharkiv
Kiev
der

Krakow Poltava
. Lviv
Dn
U K R A I N E Donetsk Astrakhan
A Carpa i es t Vinnytsya
KI th er D ni Rostov
prope
A

ia
C

trovsk
OV

n MOLDOVA
SL

60°E
a

Chisinau G
M

Sea of Stavropol
40 ° N
s

apest
ts

Odesa Azov p
.

NGARY Kerch Groznyy i

eb ROMANIA Crimea
C a a
VOJVODINA
Simferopol u c
A a s u s
n

Belgrade Bucharest S evYalta

a s t o p ol
M o u n t a
i n s AZERBAIJAN
IA & GEORGIA
OVINA YUGOSLAVIA Constanta Baku
S

Danube s. B l a c k S e a
SER

o
Balkan Mt H
e a

Varna
BIA

ENEGRO
BULGARIA
Sofia
KOSOVO
rus
Skopje spo
Tirana Bo
MACED. Istanbul
LBANIA
Thessaloniki TURKEY
s
n e ll e
D ar da J
onian Aegean
Sea
GREECE
Sea
Athens
ASIA
Peloponnesus

Rhodes Nicosia
Crete
Iraklio CYPRUS
3 0°N K
S e a 30°E 40°E 50°E
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

REFERENCE ATLAS RA11

 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
30°W 20°W 10°W 70°N 0° 10°E

60°N
A

a
N

e
S
40°W Reykjavik
AR

Y
ICELAND CT
IC C

n
IR C
LE

a
V

A
ON)

i
B A

OND

W
N

H (L

e
I

N
W IC

w
EUROPE

R
EEN

a
Faroe

D
r

ni
Islands

E
F GR

th
o
PHYSICAL

Bo
O
NO
C

D
IDIA

A
0 mi 400

of
Shetland

N
M ER
0 km 400

C
Islands

lf
E
es

Gu
Orkney
AZIMUTHAL EQUIDISTANT PROJECTION
rid

S
30°W Islands Helsin

b
He
50°N Oslo

t er

W
Ou

a
D Highlands Stockholm m
British

S e
Isles

S
Edinburgh
Belfast North
UNITED LA

c
Jutland
IRELAND Irish Sea

i
Dublin DENMARK t
Sea Copenhagen Z l LIT
Great e al
E an d a
Britain B
RUSSIA
KINGDOM
Cardiff Amsterdam
H
London T
NETH. Berlin R
BE N O Wars
ATLaNTIC E n gl i s h C h
annel LG Brussels POLAND A
F I GERMANY Od O

Rh

la
U
e
OCEaN
Se

in
in
M
El

tu
r
Bri e LUX. be s
e
tta
ny Paris Vi
Prague
CZECH REP. C a r p aP
L oir e ube
Dan Bratis I A
FRANCE lav AK
Vienna a

OV
Bay of LIECH.

SL
G 20°W Mont Blanc
15,771 ft
Bern AUSTRIA Budapest p
40°N Biscay 4,807 m SWITZ. S
Massif L P IA
HUNGARY N

Da n u b e
ne

VEN Drava
Canta A SLO va

T i s za
R ho

b ri an M Central Ljubljana
o u nt b
ai n s Py MON A
Po ZagreCROATSIaAva S
I
re AC Belgr
A

Douro ne O p
a BOSNIA & NI
er
dr
L

es v i SAN MARINO Sarajevo BvoA

I B E R I A N e
A

Ri
ia

H
UG

HERZEGOVINA YUGOS
GO
ic
Eb

Madrid o ANDORRA
n

So
r

Tagus
S
RT

Lisbon Corsica ITALY

S P A I N VATICAN ea PEN
n

Rome
PO

CITY S
P E N I N S U L A Tirana T
i

MACE
ALBANIA L
n

s Sardinia Tyrrhenian
s sla n d
in B a l e a ric I
e

ta Sea
J Baetic Mo u n
GIBRALTAR Ionian o
s

Strait of Gibraltar
M e d i t Sea
e r r Sicily Etna
a 10,902 ft Pelop
n 3,323 m
e
AFRICA Valletta a
K 30°N MALTA n
10°W 0° 10°E S
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

RA12 REFERENCE ATLAS

 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
30°E 40°E N 50°E
70 ° 70°E
North Cape

60°N
U
Barents Sea A

R
80°E

Pec
A

A
Sea
Y

h
or
I Kola

a
Peninsula

L
V
A

L A N D

e
A B
it

N
h
N W

M
I

I
N

N
o rt

O
h er
nD
a

A
vin
ni

a
E

th

U
I N

Europe-Asia
Bo

L
boundary C
Lake

N
Lake Onega
P ASIA
F
of

Region

T
Lake R U S S I A
lf

Ladoga
Gu

70°E

A
Helsinki
N

F i n l a nd a
f of

m
Gul
50°N

I
Ka
Tallinn
A
a

m D

N
ESTONIA

Ur
S e

E Vo

al
lg a

S
P
Riga
O Moscow
LATVIA
c

R
i

t
l LITHUANIA ka
U
O

Vilnius E
E C E N T R A L
a

RUSSIA
lg
Vo

Minsk
D nie p e

H
Ur

T BELARUS R U S S I A N
al
Do

R
r

K A Z A K H S T A N
n

Warsaw
AND U P L A N D e p r e
D
Od F
la

e
n

Kiev
tu

Vol
s i o
r

is ga
i a

V
U K R A I N E
s p

P. Carpath Dn
n

o
n

IA ian iester D
AK
C a

M
OV

er

MOLDOVA
SL

ep

a
ou

pest Chisinau D n
i 60°E G
nt

Sea of
s

NGARY 40 ° N
ain

Azov
p
Da n u b e

Elbrus i
T i s za

a Crimea a
ROMANIA Cau 18,510 ft
IA c a s5,642 m n
ava us Mo AZERBAIJAN
IA &
Belgrade
e
Bucharest
GEORGIA
unta i n s Baku
nub
Da
S

o BALKAN B l a c k S e a
OVINA YUGOSLAVIA BULGARIA H
e

Balkan
Mountains
a

Sofia
PENINSULA or
us
Skopje sp
Tirana T U Bo
MACED.
LBANIA E
R K E Y
C

s
ll e
ane
E

D ard J
onian
E

Aegean
G R

Sea Sea
Athens ASIA
Peloponnesus

Rhodes Nicosia
Crete
CYPRUS
3 0°N K
S e a 30°E 40°E 50°E
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

REFERENCE ATLAS RA13

 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
30°W 20°W 10°W 50°N 0° 10°E 20°E 30°E 40°E 50° N 50°E 60°E
A A
EUROPE
ATLaNTIC N
40°N OCEaN
Azores
40°N
Port.
B M e d B
i
Strait of Gibraltar
Oran
Algiers Tunis t e r
CasablaRabat r a

T U NISI A
Madeira nca Fes ine n e A SIA
Islands A I N S t a nt a n
Port. MOROCCO U N T Cons S e a
30°N Marrakech O Tripoli
LA
S M Port Said 30°N
Canary T Alexandria
A Cairo Suez Suez Canal
C Islands Sinai C
Sp. Laayoune ALGERIA
WESTERN L I B YA
SAHARA EGYPT

Li

R
Mor.
IA

by
ER
Lake TR OP I C O F C A N C

e
N Nasser Aswan High Dam

an
A

d
IT

S A H A AO R A
20°N Z

Dese
OU
20°N
R

ST R
AU

S
Nouakchott IP

N il e
D D

e
M

rt
Seneg

a
a Tombouctou
Dakar SE (Timbuktu) N I G E R ERITREA
l

M A L I Omdurman
Ni

NE CHAD Asmara
Khartoum
ger

GAMBIA GA DJIBOUTI n
Banjul Niamey Lake Chad de
Bamako INA of A
L

Bissau G ul f
GUINEA- K Ouagadougou
R N'Djamena S U D A N
BISSAU GUINEA U SO Djibouti
BENIN

10°N kro
B
FA

NIGERIA
sou
TOGO

Conakry Freetown ˆ Addis Ababa

E COTE ous Abuja E

IA
W h it
SIERRA LEONE m ETHIOPIA
Ya GHANA Ibadan
N

Monrovia CENTRAL Boundary

O

L
Lagos O AFRICAN REPUBLIC

e Nile
LIBERIA D'IVOIRE ER in dispute

A
Po o

n a
Lo

t M
N

j a r m
e vo o- Malabo CA Yaounde

M
A bid Acc
r

Bangui Lake
D oua O
la Turkana S
EQUATORIAL GUINEA ongo C DA Mogadishu
AN
SAO TOME & PRINCIPE RIO MUNI
O

DEMOCRATIC Kampala
EQUATOR Libreville
UG

Sao Tome
G

F
0° 0° Lake KENYA
GABON INDIaN F
N

Kigali Victoria Nairobi

RWANDA
O

ATLaNTIC REPUBLIC OF BURUNDI

C

Brazzaville Kinshasa Bujumbura

OCEaN
Mombasa
CABINDA Lake Dodoma
OCEaN Ang. THE CONGO Tanganyika
Ascension TANZANIA Dar es Salaam
U.K.
Luanda SEYCHELLES
m bashi
G 10°S Kolwezi
Lub
u 10° G S
MALA
A

COMOROS
ANGOLA Lake Moroni
I

Kitwe B
Malawi
Za m

WI

M Lilongwe E
Z A Lusaka
l

U
ne

Q
AR
an
be

i
I

Ch
z

Harare
SC
M

e
qu

ZIMBABWE
GA
ZA

bi

An

H H
am

NAMIBIA 20°S
DA
MO

20°S
ta
oz

BOTSWANA
AFRICA
na

Windhoek na
M

MA

KALAHARI riv
OPIC OF TR
a
tori bane CAPRICORN o
DESERT
POLITICAL Gaborone
Johannesburg Pre MbaMaputo
0 mi 1000 SOUTH SWAZILAND
O range
Bloemfontein LESOTHO
0 km 1000 Maseru
J Durban J
AFRICA 30°S
AZIMUTHAL EQUIDISTANT PROJECTION
30° S Cape Town
Cape of Good Hope Port Elizabeth

K K
20°W °S 40°S
40 10°W 0° 10°E 20°E 30°E 40°E 50°E
1 2 3 4 5 6 7

RA14 REFERENCE ATLAS

 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
30°W 20°W 10°W 50°N 0° 10°E 20°E 30°E 40°E 50°N 50°E 60°E
A A
EUROPE
ATLaNTIC N
40°N OCEaN
Azores 40°N
B M e d i B
Strait of Gibraltar Algiers Tunis t e r
S r a

TUNISI A
A I N
Madeira Rabat T ASIA
Islands U N n e a
MOROCCO M O n S e a
30°N S Tripoli
L A Suez Canal
30°N
Canary T
A Cairo Sinai
C Islands C
ALGERIA
WESTERN L I B YA EGYPT

Li
SAHARA

R
IA

by
Mts.
ER
Lake T R OP I C O F C A N C

e
N r
gga Nasser

an
A

Aha H

d
IT

20° N S A A R A

Des
20°N
R
AU

S
Nouakchott Air Tibesti

N ile
D D

ert

e
M

Sene M A L I

a
g
N I G E R
Ni

Cape Dakar
al

CHAD ERITREA
ger

Verde SEN Khartoum Asmara

GAMBIA EG
AL
S A H E L fo
f
Gulden

Bl u
Banjul Niamey Lake Chad
Bissau Bamako INAOuagadougou Lake Lake A
S U D A N

e
GUINEA- RK N'Djamena Tana Assal DJIBOUTI
U SO -512 ft
IN

Djibouti

Ni
BISSAU GUINEA S U D A N -156 m
B

10°NConakry
FA

le
TOGO
BEN

ˆ
Freetown COTE NIGERIA Addis Ababa
E E

IA
Abuja

W h it
SIERRA U P P E R G U I ETHIOPIA
ON

LEONE Yamoussoukro GHANA

N E CENTRAL
A

L
e Nil
Monrovia

ley
D'IVOIRE
O

AFRICAN REPUBLIC

A
R
Po o

LIBERIA a r E
Lo

Va l
ja r t
m v o Malabo A M
N

M
A bid Acc e o - C Yaounde Bangui
Lake O
S

Rift
EQUATORIAL GUINEA
Congo DA Turkana
Mogadishu
AN
RIO MUNI C O N G O
O

SAO TOME & PRINCIPE Kampala

EQUATOR Libreville Virunga Mts. UG
Sao Tome
G

Great
0° 14,787 ft Lake KENYA 0°
F GABON F
N

B A S I N 4,507 m
RWANDA
Victoria Nairobi INDIaN
O

ATLaNTIC DEM.Kigali BURUNDI Kilimanjaro

L

Great R
C

OCEaN
O

B uju m b u r a 19,340 ft
Brazzaville REP. 5,895 m
W

CABINDA Kinshasa Lake

OCEaN Dodoma
E R

Tanganyika
OF THE
ift

TANZANIA Dar es Salaam

Va l l

Ascension CONGO
Island Luanda SEYCHELLES
G U I N

ey

G r e at A

Lake 10°S
G 10°S Katanga G
M L AW
A

Malawi COMOROS
ANGOLA Plateau Moroni
Rift Va I
I

B
el
E A

Za m b e

M Lilongwe
lley

E
nn

Z A Lusaka U
ha

Q
AR
zi
eC
I
B

Harare
SC

Etosha ll s
iq u
M

Pan a Fa ZIMBABWE
ic t o ri
GA

V
ZA

b
Na

zam

An

H NAMIBIA 20°S H
mib

DA
MO

20°S
ta
Mo

BOTSWANA
AFRICA
na

Windhoek na
MA

KALAHARI TROPIC OF ri v
ane CAPRICORN
Deser

DESERT
b o
PHYSICAL
rg

Gaborone ba
Pretoria M Maputo
nsbe
t

0 mi 1000 ra n SOUTH SWAZILAND

ge
O

ake

Bloemfontein
0 km 1000 Maseru
Dr

J LESOTHO J
AZIMUTHAL EQUIDISTANT PROJECTION AFRICA 30°S
30° S Cape Town
Cape of Good Hope C ap
e Ag
u lh as

K K
20°W °S 40°S
40 10°W 0° 10°E 20°E 30°E 40°E 50°E
1 2 3 4 5 6 7

REFERENCE ATLAS RA15

 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

70°N
40°N

50°N

60°N
30°N
20°W NORTH AMERICA

80°N
A Atlantic Ocean 0° VNorth Pol
Norwegian

A R CTIC
Arctic Oc
Sea
20°E

CIR C
N
Franz Josef Land

LE
Russ. North
Land
B 10°W Barents
60°E
Sea
80°E 100°E
M Baltic Sea Kara Sea
e d
EUROPE

Ob
i t e

l f of
C A commonly accepted division Norilsk
between Asia and Europe—here Europe-Asia Ob

Gu
S
IN
r r a n

0° marked by a gray line—is boundary

Moscow R U S S

TA
formed by the Ural Mountains,

Ye n i s e y
Ural River, Caspian Sea, Caucasus

N
U
Mountains, and the Black Sea

O
20°N

S I B E

M
with its outlets, the Bosporus
e a

and the Dardanelles. O

b
D

L
n

Istanbul

A
Black Chelyabinsk

UR
Ural
Sea
S

Ankara Omsk
TU Novosibirsk
e

GE

Ca u
R
a

K RG s O Astana

c a IA
10°E E K A Z A K H S T A N Yenis

us
Tbilisi

Sea
Adana ARMENIA
Y

Mts
LEBAN Aral Sy
ON Yerevan AZERBAIJAN
.
E Sea rD
JerusalBeirut Damascus Azerb.

n
A LM
em Baku UZ

ar
TR

s pia
O SYRIA TU Irt
O

ya
PI Ili ys h T
F

ISRAEL
Eu

Am
Tigris

BE A m u Dar y
A C A
C

N k

RK
m ent ishke
Ca
ph

CE

KI
JORDAN an
shk B Almaty Ür¨umqi

M
R
rat

ST
Baghdad Tehran a

EN
T
es

AN
at KYRGYZSTAN

I ST
IRAQ
Ashgab TAJ SINKIANG
R

IKI
AN
10°N

a
Basra Dushanbe ST
AN
KUWAIT
e

F Kuwait I S T A Ni n d u K u s h K U
AFRICA I R A N AN H S H
Pe rs

H N L U N
Kabul
d

Jeddah
SAUDI A
F G
Islamabad KASHMIR
M
Riyadh anama
ian

Makkah Boundary C

H
(Mecca) BAHRAIN QATAR Zahedan Lahore claimed

I
M by India
S

ARABIA ul Strait of
G

Doha f Hormuz
20°E Abu Dhabi PAKISTAN A T I B E T
Gu
e

UNITED ARAB s Delhi N L A

lf

of
Indu

EMIRATES New Delhi E Y A

G Rub al Om
a

P
K h a l i Muscat an Karachi Jaipur Kathmandu A L u BHUTAN
Sanaa N h
A
GT h im p NG
LA
0° Y E M E N O M Bhopal
a n g es BA aka
Indore Dh
G Aden
ulf
of Aden I N D I A a
lk at )
A r a b i a n Go
d av K o cutta M
a ri
Mumbai ( C al
Socotra (Bombay)
Yemen K ri Hyderabad B a y Yan
H S e a shna (Rang
ASIA Bangalore
of
Bengal
POLITICAL Lakshadweep
Chennai
(Madras)
A
India
0 mi 1000 Madurai
0 km 1000
SRI LANKA
J EQU Colombo
TWO-POINT EQUIDISTANT PROJECTION ATO
R Male Nicoba
MALDIVES Island
India

20°S 30°E I n d i a n O c e a n
K Chagos Archipelago
Brit. Ind. Oc. Terr.
40°E 50°E 60°E 70°E 80°E
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

RA16 REFERENCE ATLAS

 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
NORTH AMERICA

40°N

30°N
160°W

50°N
80°N

70°N

60°N
Bering Strait

V
North Pole
180°
Chukchi
Sea A
tic Ocean Wrangel I. Gulf of
Anadyr
East Bering
160°E Anadyr

N Siberian Sea
North New Siberian Sea
170°W

Kolyma Range
Land Islands
120°E B
80°E 100°E Laptev
Sea Commander Is.
Sea C h
e r s k iy Ran Kamchatka
ge
Peninsula
Lena

Ve r

Magadan
kh

ge
ya Ran C
o

Norilsk nsk Sea of

Al

180°
dan

Yakutsk Okhotsk
S S I A

Kuril Islands
Ye n i s e y

n
Sakhalin

20°N
B E R I A

a
D
na

m
Le

ur
Lake Hokkaido

e
Baikal A Sapporo
I
R
Irkutsk
H
U
Sea of
170°E
Yenisey C

c
N Vladivostok
len M A
er ChangchunJapan J A PA N
Ulaanbaatar H E
Tokyo
A LM O N G O L I A Marcus I.

O
NORTH

C
Irt Honshu

R
Shenyang

PI
ys h I Jap.

CE
T AY B KOREA RO

N
M T S . O Pyongyang Kyoto T
CA
umqi G Seoul Osaka O
F
Beijing SOUTH
KOREA Hiroshima
KIANG Qingdao Bonin Is.
Shijiazhuang Kyushu Jap.

10°N
Yellow
i c
ow

Sea F
ll

Volcano Is.
u Isla n d s

Xuzhou
Ye

U N S H A East Jap.
N Lanzhou Xi'an Shanghai
C HYello w I N Ae ji n g China
Nan
u ky

tz Okinawa
ng
Nanchang S e a 160°E
i f
Ya

Ry

B E T Chengdu Parece Vela

Boundary C han Fuzhou Taipei Jap.
claimed g sha
Y A by China TAIWAN
A L Guiyang G
u BHUTANDESH The People's Republic of China claims
ph
hi m A L
Guangzhou Taiwan as its 23rd province.
dy

NG Kunming Hong Kong

0°
c
ad

n g es BA aka Macau
Irraw

Dh Philippine
a Hanoi Luzon
lkattta) MYANMAR L
Haiphong
South
a

alc u (BURMA) A Quezon City

Vientiane O
Hainan Sea
ay Yangon Da Nang Manila Samar
PHILIPPINES H
(Rangoon) Chin a Mindoro
SM

R
of THAILAND ko Panay Leyte TO
UA
e

ng EQ
ngal Bangkok Negros
CAMBODIA VIETNAM Palawan
Andaman Phnom Penh S e a Mindanao
Islands Ho Chi Minh City
India
Gu

lf
An

of Bandar Seri Morotai Biak Jayapura 10°S

da

Th SABAH
Begawan Halmahera
ail
IA

an New Guinea
m

an BRUNEI J
M

Se d
S

Nicobar
Y

a SARAWAK
o

Kuala Lu MALAYSIA A Kepi

Islands mpur L
l

India A Aru Merauke

u

Medan M
Buru Ceram Is. Dolak
Borneo
c

SINGAPORE Celebes c
I N D O N E S I A a s Tanimbar
Sumatra Is.
Jambi G R E A T E R
n
a

Mentawai S U N D A I S L A N D S Dili EAST e

S
Islands Java Sea TIMOR r
o AUSTRALIA 20°S K
Jakarta m
100°E 110° JavaE 120°E Kupang Ti 130°E 140°E 150°E
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

REFERENCE ATLAS RA17

 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

70°N
40°N

50°

60°N
30°N
20°W NORTH AMERICA

80°N
N
A Atlantic Ocean 0° VNorth Pol
Norwegian

A RCTIC
Arctic Oc
Sea
20°E

CIR C
N
40°E

LE
North
10°W Land
B 60°E
Barents 80°E 100°E
Sea

M Baltic Sea Kara Sea m yr

Tay insul
e d Pe n
RUSSIA

Ob
i t e

l f of
C
EUROPE

Yenisey
S Ob C

Gu
Europe-Asia IN
r r a n

0° Moscow boundary A S I B
W E S T S

T
N
R U S S

U
20°N

O
S I B E R I A N P
e a

M
b
Ae

O
D

L
Angar
gean
n

A
Black P L A I N

R
AN Ural
Sea
Sea

U
AT
S
TR A N
OF

OL Ankara
e

Cau
IA i a n Dep
OP CER

Casp
C

GE
T

Ir ty
Ob
a
IC

r es
OR s THE STEPPES

ca
10°E R Gu Astana

sion
Yenis

sh
K

sM
Tbilisi

Sea
EY K A Z SA K H S T A N
IA
LEBAN ARMENIA

ts.
ON SYRIA Yerevan Aral yr
E JerusalBeirut
AZERBAIJAN Sea D
Damascus L. Balkhash M
n
em UZ A LT

ar
Syrian Baku
Tigris
Meso

s pia
TU AY

ya
ISRAEL Am Desert M

BE
Sinai

RK
JORDAN man ad
Ca

KI
ghd b u r Ashgaba
p o t aE u p h

A mu
Tashkent Bishkek Almaty
M
El

ST
Ba
Zagros

IRAQ t

EN
Dead Sea z Mt

AN
-1,349 ft s. KYRGYZSTAN S H A N

Da
I ST
mia

-411 m Tehran T I A N
R

T AJ

ry
ra IKI
10°N

AN

a
tes ST
Dushanbe AN TAKLIMAKAN
Mou

KUWAIT
e

F TAN DESERT
Kuwait I R A N N I S HINDU KUSH Qaid
HA
Pe rs

ntai

AFRICA SAUDI Kunlun

d

Kabul Basi
BAH FG Shan
RA A Islamabad
ns

H
ian

Riyadh IN
P L A T E A U C
G

A R A B I A QATAR O F T I B E T

I
S

lf Strait of
u

A r a b i a n ert
M Mt. Everest Salwe
20°E UNITED ARAB
Hormuz
PAKISTAN D es A 29,035 ft
Gu
e

n 8,850 m
EMIRATES s d ia N L
lf

Indu

P e n i n s u l a of In New A Y A E
G Om eat
a

R u b a l K h a l i Muscat an Gr Delhi P
Kathmandu A L u BHUTAN
Sanaa N ph Brahmap
0° A G aT hi m GL
Y E M E N O M n g es
BA
N
Gu Dhaka
lf o
f Aden I N D I A M
A r a b i a n
W e s t e r

(
DECCAN PLATEAU
ats Yan
H S e a Gh Bay
rn (Rang
ste
ASIA of
Ea
n
Lac

Bengal
PHYSICAL A
G h
cad

Is
a t
ive

0 mi 1000
s

0 km 1000
Se

SRI LANKA
J Nicobar
a

EQU Colombo
TWO-POINT EQUIDISTANT PROJECTION ATO Islands
R Maldive Male
Islands MALDIVES

20°S 30°E I n d i a n O c e a n
K
40°E 50°E 60°E 70°E 80°E
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

RA18 REFERENCE ATLAS

 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

40°N

30°N
160°W

N
80°N

70°N

60°N
NORTH AMERICA

50°
Bering Strait

nd
V
North Pole Chukchi
Sea
Chukchi
Peninsula
A

a
180°

l
tic Ocean Wrangel Island Gulf of

I s
Anadyr
160°E East Bering

a n
N Siberian Sea

u t i
Sea

Kolym
North New Siberian
Land
120°E Islands 170°W B

le
K o ly m
80°E 100°E Laptev

a Ra

A
Sea
a
Commander
m yr

nge
Sea Islands
Tay insula Cher
Pe n skiy Ra
nge Kamchatka
Ve r

Peninsula
Len

kh

oy g e
a n s k Ran C
a

Sea of
Yenisey

C E N T R A L
Ald

180°
an

I B E R I A Okhotsk
a

Kuril Islands
en

S I B E R I A N L

n
S S I A Sakhalin

20°N
N P L A T E A U
r
Am u

a
Alin R a n g e

Angar
a D
na

ge

Amur
Le

an
yR

Hokkaido

e
Lake
n Range
vy

Baikal
no

Sikhote

blo
ai n

Ya 170°E
G r e a t e r K hin ga

l
Manchurian P

Yenisey Sea of

c
Ulaanbaatar Japan J A PA N E
A LT M O N G O L I A Tokyo

C
AY I NORTH Honshu

R
PI
CE
MOU B RO
N TA I N KOREA

N
O Na T
S G Pyongyang m CA
Seoul po O
F
Beijing SOUTH
A N Shikoku S
N o rt h C

KOREA
h
ow

Kyushu

10°N
i c

Yellow
ot
w

KAN
Yell
lo

hin

T Sea F
Yel

u Isla n d s
aP

Qaidam East
lain

Shan Basin
g tz e

C H I N A China
E A U Mek Yang Mariana
n

u ky

gtze
Ya

on t an
f

I B E T Sea 160°E
Salween g Sichuan
Y

Islands
ze

Ry

Everest Basin
035 ft
850 m Gongga Shan Taipei Philippine
i

A Y A 24,790 ft TAIWAN
A L 7,556 m G
p h u BHUTAN tra
a p u E SH Sea
T hi m BrahmGLAD s
c

n g es
BA
N
PH n
d 0°
Dhaka Luzon IL l a
MYANMAR Hanoi I s
a
IP

L South n e
(BURMA) A
PI

Hainan
Salween

l i
NE

Vientiane O Manila o
Yangon Me r
C a H
P

ay k PHILIPPINES
IS

(Rangoon) China
S g

R
o

TO
LA
n

of THAILAND EQ
UA
ND

ngal Bangkok CAMBODIA VIETNAM

Andaman Sea
S

Islands Phnom Penh Sulu Sea Mindanao

An

Gu

lf
of Bandar Seri 10°S
da

Th Celebes
Begawan
M
m

ail
IA

Sea New Guinea

al

an
an

BRUNEI J
M

Nicobar
ay

Se d
S

Islands
Y

a
Pe

A
Kuala Lum n s MALAYSIA
ni

L
l

pur ul E A
S GAPOR
u

a M
u SIN B o r n e o
c

m Celebes c
aI N D O N E S I A a s Arafura Sea
t
n r G R E A T E R
a

Mentawai Dili EAST e

S
S U N D A I S L A N D S
150°E 20°S K
a

Islands TIMOR r
Jakarta
Java Sea 120°E o
m
AUSTRALIA
100°E 110° Java E Ti 130°E 140°E
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

REFERENCE ATLAS RA19

 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
10°E 20°E 30°E 40°
A

EUROPE
40°N
Black Sea
B

Istanbul
ANATOLIA
Ankara
C Tunis
TURKEY
Tauru tains
M s M o un
TUNISIA ed
ite Aleppo
D rra
nea CYPRUS SYRIA
Tripoli nS
ea LEBANON Damascus
30°N Beirut
ISRAEL Syrian
E
Desert
Jerusalem
Amman
Alexandria
Cairo JORDAN
LIBYA El Giza Sinai
F
Pen.
30°E Eastern Mediterranean Area See inset below

Ni
TURKEY EGYPT
le
Aleppo R.
N

He
G

ja
CYPRUS SYRIA Aswan

z
High Dam
LEBANON
Mediterranean

Red
Sea Beirut Damascus
SAHARA
Se
H Sea of Galilee Golan Heights
Jordan River

a
Tel Aviv–Yafo West Bank
Jerusalem Amman
Gaza Strip
Dead Sea
ISRAEL
J JORDAN
El Giza Cairo
30°N AFRICA
EGYPT SAUDI
Gu

ARABIA
er

lf o

Gulf of
Nile Riv

Aqaba
Su

0 mi 100
ez

K
0 km 100
Red Sea 30°E
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

RA20 REFERENCE ATLAS

 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
40°E 50°E Aral 60°E 70°E
Sea A

UZBEKISTAN 40°N

Ca
Caucasus M
ountai TAJIK.

spi
a ns

an
GEORGIA B
Tbilisi

Sea
Baku TURKMENISTAN
Yerevan
ARMENIA A S I A
Mt. Ararat

(16,854 ft. Kabul C
Mashhad
5,137 m) AZERBAIJAN
El b u s AFGHANISTAN
r z M ounta i n
Ti
gris R

Tehran Plateau
Aleppo of Iran D
Z ag
.

SYRIA IRAQ
ro s

Damascus 30°N
Mo

Eu Baghdad
IRAN
unt

Syrian
ph
r

a in

Desert
at

E
es

R.
Amman PAKISTAN
Al Basrah
ORDAN KUWAIT
Kuwait
Pe

rs
ia F
nG
Manama ulf G ul CER
f of O OF CAN
BAHRAIN QATAR Abu man IC
Dhabi TROP
SAUDI Doha Muscat Arabian
He

Riyadh
ARABIA UNITED Sea G
ja

ARAB OMAN
z

EMIRATES 20°N
ARABIAN
Red

PENINSULA
As
Se

H
ir
a

Rub al Kahli
(Empty Quarter) MIDDLE EAST
PHYSICAL / POLITICAL
J
0 mi 500

YEMEN N 0 km 500 ATL-30

Sanaa AZIMUTHAL EQUIDISTANT PROJECTION Refere
Batch L

A d en K Middle
f of Third P
40°E Aden G ul 50°E 09-28-0
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 NGM12

REFERENCE ATLAS RA21

 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

B e r i n g
KAMCHATKA
A
R U S S I A PENINSULA S e a

ang
e Sea of S
yR A L E ND
Lake y Okhotsk U T I A N I S LA
Baikal n ov

lo

ge
ange
b
Sakhalin

Ya

ur

Ran

DS
m
A

gan R
AL Ulan Bator

N
lin
l ai n
TA

A
B L

eA
YM MONGOLIA

nP
IS

K hin
OU

ot
L

ri a
N TA
RI

kh
INS

a ter

chu
I KU

Si
G O B

Man
G re
Hokkaido
Beijing NORTH Sea
of
Pyongyang KOREA Japan
Seoul JAPAN
Honshu
C Yello w Yellow SOUTH Tokyo
C H I N A Sea KOREA N o r t h P a c i f i

NA M P
gtze
Shikoku
an Kyushu
Y

O SHOTO
Me

East
kong

DS
China H a w
a i i
AN
INDIA Sea a n
SL

Taipei U I I s
Y
D RY U K l
MYANMAR TAIWAN
(BURMA) Hanoi
L NORTHERN
A Hainan H
V

Vientiane MARIANA MARIANA

PH
IE

ISLANDS ISLANDS
O

Luzon
ILI

U.S.
THAILAND M
S

South
TN

on I C
PPI

Yanggoo n ) Bangkok
Manila Philippine R
O
AM

NE

(Ran CAMBODIA China GUAM MARSHALL

R a ta
Sea U.S. N ISLANDS
Phnom
ISLA

E PHILIPPINES

kC

P
Andaman Penh Ra
Sea Sea E lik

hai
NDS

Sulu PALAU

n
Bandar Seri

Ch
Sea NE ISLA
Koror ROLI ND Palikir S Majuro

ain

O
Begawan Mindanao CA S
BRUNEI Celebes FEDERATED STATES
Kuala Lumpur M A L A Y S I A

I
Sea OF MICRONESIA Tarawa

L
G il b
S

SINGAPORE B o r n e o
MOL
u

A
m

e rt
I N D O N E S I A Yaren Isl
at

M NAURU and KIRIBATI

F E
ra

G R E AT E R

Y
s
UC

Celebes NEW G Phoenix Is.

SUNDA ISLANDS UI NE
L
Java Sea A SOLOMON
C

Jakarta S A PAPUA
A

ISLANDS TUVALU
So

Dili NEW GUINEA o m N Tokelau

l

Java EAST Arafura Port on

Is. Funafuti N.Z.
L ESS TIMOR Sea E Santa Cruz
E R SU
NDA ISLA N D S
Moresby Honiara Islands AMERICAN
WALLIS SAMOA
AND FUTUNA IS. SAMOA U.S.
S

Fr. Apia
I

G CORAL SEA VANUATU CO

ISLANDS Suva ISLA
A

TERRITORY NEW Port-Vila TONGA Niue N

Austral. CALEDONIA N.Z.
Fr. FIJI
ISLANDS Nuku
alofa
TROPIC OF CAPRICORN Coral
A U S T R A L I A Sea

H Norfolk Island
Austral.
g
lin Kermadec
Lord Howe Island
r

Islands
Da

Great Austral. N.Z.

Australian Bight
Canberra
Tasman
NEW
I n d i a n Sea ZEALAND
J
Wellington
Tasmania
O C E a N Chatham Island
N.Z.

K
105°E 120°E 135°E 150°E 165°E 180° 165°W
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

RA22 REFERENCE ATLAS

 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
Gulf of Hudson

Co

C
Alaska

as

R
Bay

D
A

A
t
Kodiak I. Alexander

O
N

M
Archipelago

L
ou

C
A

G
S E

nt
ND Queen

K
D I

ain

R
Charlotte I H

Y
Islands C A N A D A A N S

E
ge
Vancouver

A
Island

Ran

O
B

T
.

U
Ottawa T S
45°N

Cascade
Mi Great Lakes M
sso

N T
u

P
N

ri
A
I

H
CENTRAL

A I

C
LOWLAND Washington

A
A
U N I T E D S T A T E S

N
A
N S

i
C

ipp

I
P
i f i c O c e a N P

A
Missis
A Atlantic

N
L
P
T A L Ocean

S
A S

Baja

Gu
30°N

M
O

Si
lf

er
of

C
S ier r
Ca

E
ra
i i a Gulf of

Ca
lif

B
n

M
X

aM
l

A
ifo
or

ad
I s Mexico Nassau

H
ia A
n

rn

I
a dr
TROPIC OF CANCER a D

re
l a M

i
n d A

C
eO
Havana CUBA

O
S

cc
s

ri e
de

O
i
DOMINICAN

nta
nt
HAWAII al HAITI REPUBLIC

l
U.S. JAMAICA
Mexico
City BELIZE Santo

LA
15°N A HONDURAS Domingo
EM y Tegucigalpa Caribbean
A T it NICARAGUA Sea

or
G U la C a d D

R
Managua

O
a Caracas
m alv VA Panama City E
u ate an SSAL o s eA OS
G S EL n J RIC PANAMA

AN
S a STA VENEZ.
O

LL
CO
Bogota

A
L Kiritimati COLOMBIA
in
L

EQUATOR Quito
0°
e

Galapagos

N
AMAZON F
Is

BATI Islands ECUADOR

Y

la

Ecua.
BASIN
nd

D
BRAZIL
s

kelau
N

N.Z.
Marquesas Is.
PERU
ERICAN
E
SAMOA Lima
A U.S.
E

BOL
Tu a m S
COOK
o t u15°S G
ISLANDS So Ar La Paz

IVIA
ciet ch
A Niue N.Z. ip
S

y Is. e
N.Z.
S
la
go

u
alofa FRENCH POLYNESIA

Fr.
Aus
E
I

tra
lI Pitcairn Island U.K.
E

s.
PACIFIC
L
A

H
30°S
D

RIM
A
I

S O U T H Santiago
N

PHYSICAL/POLITICAL
N

0 mi 1500
H

T I

P a C I F I C 0 km 1500
A
CA

MILLER CYLINDRICAL PROJECTION

E N

J
N I

m Island
O C E a N Chiloe
Island
A G O

Z.
G

45°S
A R
P A T

K
165°W 150°W 135°W 120°W 105°W 90°W 75°W
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

REFERENCE ATLAS RA23

 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

150°W 120°W 90°W 60°W 30°W 0°

A A R C T I C O

Beaufort ea
Chukchi

S
Sea Sea

d
Baffin

an
Bay

nl
ia

ee
Great Bear
60°N Lake ARCTIC CIRCLE eg

Gr
B rw
Great Slave

o
Bering Sea

N
Lake

Hudson
Bay Labrador
Sea North
Lake Sea
Winnipeg
N O R TGr H London
eat
C La Paris
ke
North E

s
Great Salt
Lake New York City
Pacific A M E R I C A North
Medit
30°N Los Angeles

Ocean Atlantic
T R OP I C O
D F CANCER Gulf of
Mexico Ocean
Forestry Mexico City
Caribbean Sea
Agriculture
E Subsistence agriculture A F
Lago
Stock raising on ranch
Gulf of
Nomadic herding Guinea
0° EQUATOR
Hunting
Manufacturing

MERIDIAN OF GREENWICH (LONDON)

F Fishing SOUTH
Little or no economic activity
Largest urban areas AMERICA South
Tokyo (selected urban areas are named) Rio de Janeiro
Sao Paulo
F CAPRICOR
N Atlantic
G TROPIC O

Ocean
30°S Buenos Aires
South

H
Pacific
Ocean
WORLD Scotia Sea

LAND USE
0 mi 2000
J 60°S
0 km 2000 CIRCLE
RCTIC Bellingshausen
ANTA Sea Weddell
WINKEL TRIPEL PROJECTION Sea

Ross Sea
A
K

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

RA24 REFERENCE ATLAS

 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

0° 30°E 60°E 90°E 120°E 150°E

C O C E a N A

K a ra Laptev Se
ea a East Siberian Sea
Sea
S
d
an

a Barents Sea
Se
nl

i an
eg
rw 60°N B
Bering Sea
o
N

Sea of
Okhotsk
a
c Se

North Moscow Lake

ti

Sea Bal Baikal

E
London P
O
Paris R A S I A C
E U Caspian
Sea
Aral
Sea Sea of
Black Sea Japan
Seoul Tokyo
Yellow
Mediter Sea North
ra
ne anghai
ShEast
30°N
an
Sea
China Pacific
Cairo Sea CANCER
T R O P I C OF D
Ocean
Re

Kolkata
d

Mumbai Philippine
Se

Bay of
Arabian Bengal Sea
a

Sea South
A nd a m

A den
f China
fo
G ul
A F R I C A Sea
an S

E
Lagos
ea

Gulf of
Guinea EQUATOR
Lake
Victoria
0°
Kinshasa Lake
MERIDIAN OF GREENWICH (LONDON)

Tanganyika

Arafura F
Sea

Coral
h Indian Sea
TROPIC OF CAPRICORN
ic Ocean AUSTRALIA South G
n Pacific
Sydney Ocean
Ta s m a n
Sea

6 0° S J

Sea
R o ss
A N T A R C T I C A
K

9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

REFERENCE ATLAS RA25

 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

A
FINLAND
SWEDEN
NORWAY
ESTONIA RUSSIA
DENMARK 144,400,000
LATVIA
B LITHUANIA BELARUS
IRELAND
UNITED AZERBAIJAN
KINGDOM GERMANY
60,000,000 82,200,000 POLAND GEORGIA
UKRAINE
NETHERLANDS 49,100,000 KAZ
BELGIUM CZECH
REP. MOLDOVA
FRANCE SLOVAKIA UZBE
C 59,200,000 HUNGARY
CANADA AUSTRIA ARMENIA
SWITZERLAND ROMANIA
SLOVENIA A
CROATIA BULGARIA
UNITED STATES BOSNIA &
284,500,000 SPAIN HERZEGOVINA MACEDONIA IRAN
YUGOSLAVIA 66,100,0
PORTUGAL TURKEY
ALBANIA 66,300,000
D GREECE
ITALY SYRIA
BURKINA 57,800,000 LEBANON
FASO IRAQ
DOMINICAN KUWAIT
CUBA REPUBLIC PUERTO RICO JORDAN
MEXICO (U.S.) MOROCCO ALGERIA
99,600,000 TUNISIA ISRAEL
JAMAICA
HAITI U.A.E.
TRINIDAD MALI
& TOBAGO LIBYA
HONDURAS SAUDI
E MAURITANIA CHAD EGYPT ARABIA
GHANA NIGER 69,800,000
GUATEMALA VENEZUELA GAMBIA OMAN
SENEGAL NIGERIA YEMEN
EL SALVADOR GUINEA- 126,600,000 SUDAN
NICARAGUA BISSAU GUINEA ERITREA
COSTA RICA COLOMBIA
ETHIOPIA
PANAMA 65,400,000
ECUADOR BRAZIL
171,800,000
BENIN
F SIERRA TOGO CAMEROON SOMALIA
PERU LEONE ˆ UGANDA KENYA
LIBERIA COTE GABON
D'IVOIRE
CONGO DEM. REP. RWANDA
BOLIVIA OF THE TANZANIA
CENTRAL CONGO BURUNDI
PARAGUAY
AFRICAN MALAWI
REPUBLIC ZAMBIA
CHILE URUGUAY ANGOLA MOZAMBIQUE
ARGENTINA
NAMIBIA
G ZIMBABWE MADAGASCAR
BOTSWANA SOUTH
AFRICA

SWAZILAND
LESOTHO
MAURITIUS

WORLD
J POPULATION
CARTOGRAM

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

RA26 REFERENCE ATLAS

 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

MONGOLIA

0
B
NORTH
AIJAN KOREA
SOUTH
IA KOREA

KAZAKHSTAN
KYRGYZSTAN
VA TAJIKISTAN
UZBEKISTAN
TURKMENISTAN C
A CHINA
1,280,600,000 JAPAN
AFGHANISTAN 127,100,000

A IRAN
66,100,000
EY
000 NEPAL
D
RIA PAKISTAN
145,000,000
IRAQ

TAIWAN
UDI
ABIA VIETNAM E
78,700,000
MYANMAR
MEN (BURMA)
BANGLADESH LAOS
RITREA 133,500,000

THAILAND
INDIA 62,400,000
1,033,000,000
CAMBODIA
SOMALIA F
PHILIPPINES
77,200,000

BURUNDI
LAWI
UE
MALAYSIA
SINGAPORE
MADAGASCAR G
PAPUA
NEW GUINEA
I N D O N E S I A
206,100,000

ITIUS
SRI
LANKA H

POPULATION AUSTRALIA
GROWTH RATE
(excluding effects
of migration)
NEW
3% and above ZEALAND
2-2.9% J
1-1.9%
0-.9%
Population loss
Each square represents
one million people.
2000 data K

9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

REFERENCE ATLAS RA27

 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

NORWAY
A $24,500

SWEDEN
$19,780
ICELAND
$21,890

B DENMARK
$23,800

POLAND
NETHERLANDS
$21,100
C
CZECH
CANADA REP.
IRELAND $10,510
$22,500
$20,730
UNITED
KINGDOM
$20,900
UNITED STATES
$28,570 BELGIUM GERMANY
D $22,890 $21,270
AUSTRIA
$22,000
CUBA DOMINICAN
MEXICO
$8,380 HAITI REPUBLIC

BELIZE JAMAICA
GUATEMALA
E FRANCE
SWITZERLAND
$22,080
HONDURAS $24,680
EL SALVADOR
TRINIDAD
NICARAGUA & TOBAGO
$7,000
SLOVENIA
COSTA
RICA YUGOSLA
BOSNIA
F ITALY HERZE
SPAIN
$20,350
PANAMA VENEZUELA GUYANA $15,800
$8,860 PORTUGAL
SURINAME $14,390
COLOMBIA

ECUADOR
BRAZIL
G
PARAGUAY
PERU
BOLIVIA URUGUAY

CHILE
$12,720 GU
GUINEA-
BISSAU S
H L

GROSS DOMESTIC
PRODUCT (GDP)
ARGENTINA
$10,300
WORLD
North America GROSS DOMESTIC
South America
Europe PRODUCT
J Africa
Asia CARTOGRAM
Australia & Oceania
no data available
Each square represents
$100 of purchasing power
per capita.
1997 data
K

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

RA28 REFERENCE ATLAS

 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

FINLAND
EN
$20,150
0

ESTONIA
POLAND
LITHUANIA

LATVIA C
CZECH
REP.
$10,510 NORTH
BELARUS MONGOLIA BHUTAN KOREA JAPAN
TAJIKISTAN $24,080
AZERBAIJAN
UKRAINE
RUSSIA KAZAKHSTAN CHINA SOUTH
SLOVAKIA
NEPAL LAOS KOREA
GEORGIA KYRGYZSTAN
ARMENIA $13,670
MOLDOVA INDIA CAMBODIA D
AUSTRIA UZBEKISTAN PAKISTAN MYANMAR
$22,000 (BURMA)
BANGLADESH VIETNAM
HUNGARY TURKMENISTANAFGHANISTAN
TURKEY
ROMANIA IRAN THAILAND
IRAQ SRI $6,790
LANKA
BULGARIA PHILIPPINES
SYRIA
CROATIA

D LEBANON
KUWAIT E
ALBANIA $16,980
MACEDONIA
MALAYSIA
$8,410
GREECE
SLOVENIA $12,490 INDONESIA
YUGOSLAVIA ISRAEL
BOSNIA & $18,070 JORDAN
HERZEGOVINA UNITED
ARAB F
EMIRATES
$19,180
SINGAPORE
$25,770

SAUDI
ARABIA SOLOMON
OMAN ISLANDS
$9,890 PAPUA
TUNISIA NEW GUINEA G
MOROCCO LIBYA
ALGERIA
EGYPT YEMEN
MAURITANIA
CENTRAL AFRICAN FIJI
MALI CHAD REPUBLIC
SENEGAL NIGER ISLANDS
GAMBIA ERITREA
NIGERIA SUDAN $4,130
GHANA SOMALIA
GUINEA
GUINEA- BENIN CAMEROON ETHIOPIA
BISSAU SIERRA TOGO KENYA
LEONE TANZANIA H
UGANDA
LIBERIA
EQUATORIAL DEM. REP. OF
BURKINA
FASO COTE
GUINEA RWANDA THE CONGO

BURUNDI
D'IVOIRE GABON MOZAMBIQUE
CONGO
MALAWI
ZAMBIA NEW
ANGOLA MADAGASCAR ZEALAND
ZIMBABWE $17,410
AUSTRALIA J
NAMIBIA $20,430
BOTSWANA
MAURITIUS

SWAZILAND
SOUTH LESOTHO
AFRICA

9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

REFERENCE ATLAS RA29

 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

World Religions
A
120°W 60°W 0° 60°E 120°E
ARCTIC CIRCLE 60°N


NORTH


AMERICA





B
EUROPE ASIA




30°N


TROPIC OF CA
NCER


Atlantic Pacific
Ocean Ocean
AFRICA
C
Pacific EQUATOR
Ocean
0°
SOUTH Indian
AMERICA Ocean
Religions TROPIC OF CAPRICORN

Roman Catholic AUSTRALIA

D
Protestant 30°S
Eastern Churches N
Sunni Muslim
Shiite Muslim
Hinduism
Buddhism ANTARCTIC CIRCLE
60°S
E Traditional religions

Judaism ANTARCTICA
S Sikhism

Resources
World Economy Coal Iron ore
F 120°W 60°W 0° 60°E 120°E Fishing Petroleum

ARCTIC CIRCLE 60°N

G
30°N
TRO P I C O F C T
A N C ER PaCIFIC
OCEaN
PaCIFIC ATLaNTIC
OCEaN OCEaN
H EQUATOR
0°
WORLD'S INDIaN
PEOPLE OCEaN
TROPIC OF CAPRICORN
RELIGIONS, ECONOMY,
J
LANGUAGES, AND 30°S
POPULATION DENSITY N
0 mi. 3,000
Un

0 km 3,000 Agriculture
Commercial farming
60Hunting and gathering
WINKEL TRIPEL PROJECTION ANTARCTIC CIRCLE
Subsistence farming °S
Forests
K ANTARCTICA Ranching Manufacturing area
Nomadic herding Little or no activity

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

RA30 REFERENCE ATLAS

 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

World Language Families

A
120°W 60°W 0° 60°E 120°E
ARCTIC CIRCLE 60°N

NORTH EUROPE B
ASIA
AMERICA
30°N
TROPIC OF CA
NCER
Atlantic Pacific
Ocean Ocean
AFRICA
C
0° Pacific EQUATOR
0°
Ocean
SOUTH Indian
AMERICA Ocean
Language Families
Indo–European TROPIC OF CAPRICORN
Sino–Tibetan AUSTRALIA D
Afro–Asian 30°S
Uralic–Altaic N
Japanese and Korean
Dravidian
Malayo–Polynesian
Niger–Kordafanian ANTARCTIC CIRCLE
60°S
Nilo Saharan E
Khoisan ANTARCTICA
All others

ore
World Population Density
oleum 120°W 60°W 0° 60°E 120°E F

ARCTIC CIRCLE 60°N

Moscow
London Berlin
PaCIFIC
OCEaN Chicago Paris Istanbul Seoul
New York City Beijing Tokyo G
Los Angeles Madrid Rome Tehran 30°N
TROPIC OF
CANCER Baghdad
ATLaNTIC Cairo Delhi
OCEaN Hong Kong
Mexico City Mumbai Bangkok
Caracas (Bombay) PaCIFIC
City Population Lagos OCEaN
(Metropolitan area)
EQUATOR H
0° More than 10,000,000 Singapore 0°
Kinshasa INDIaN
5,000,000–10,000,000 Lima OCEaN Jakarta
2,000,000–5,000,000
TROPIC OF CAPRICORN
S˜ao Paulo
Persons per :
Sq. Mi. Sq. Km N 30°S J
Buenos Sydney
Uninhabited Uninhabited Aires
Under 2 Under 1
2–60 1–25
ering 60–125 25–50 ANTARCTIC CIRCLE
60°S
125–250 50–100
ea ANTARCTICA K
y Over 250 Over 100

9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

REFERENCE ATLAS RA31

 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

A Ancient Empires A.D. 1-500

120°W 60°W 0° 60°E 120°E
60°N ARCTIC CIRCLE

EUROPE ASIA
B NORTH Roman
AMERICA Empire Sassanian Han Dynasty
30°N Atlantic A.D. 120 Empire Gupta A.D. 100
TROPIC OF CA
NCER A.D. 250
Ocean Empire
A.D. 400 Pacific
Kush Axum Ocean
Maya A.D. 250 A.D. 400
C Civilization
Pacific A.D. 250 AFRICA EQUATOR
0° 0°
Ocean Indian
Moche SOUTH
Culture AMERICA Ocean
A.D. 400
C A P R I C O RN
T R O PIC OF
D AUSTRALIA
30°S N

E 60°S ANTAR
C TIC C I R C LE

ANTARCTICA

A New Global Age A.D. 1870-1914

F
120°W 60°W 0° 60°E 120°E
60°N ARCTIC CIRCLE
RUSSIAN
EUROPE EMPIRE
NORTH AUSTRIA- ASIA
AMERICA HUNGARY
G
UNITED STATES JAPAN
30°N OTTOMAN CHINA
Atlantic EMPIRE
TROPIC OF CA
NCER
Ocean
MEXICO Pacific
Ocean
AFRICA
H Pacific EQUATOR
0° Ocean
0°
BRAZIL Indian
SOUTH Ocean
WORLD
HISTORICAL ERAS
AMERICA T R O PIC O F C A P R I C O R N

AUSTRALIA
J Belgium
30°S
0 mi. 3,000 ARGENTINA France
N
Germany
0 km 3,000
Great Britain
WINKEL TRIPEL PROJECTION Italy
Netherlands
60°S TIC CIRCLE Portugal
ANTARC
K Spain
ANTARCTICA

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

RA32 REFERENCE ATLAS

 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

Age of Imperialism A.D. 800–1500 A

120°W 60°W 0° 60°E 120°E
60°N ARCTIC CIRCLE

ASIA
EUROPE B
NORTH Mongol Empire
AMERICA 1300
30°N Atlantic Islamic Empire
TROPIC OF CA
NCER
750
Ocean Pacific
Aztec Maya
1500 800 Ocean
Mali
1337 C
ATOR Pacific AFRICA EQUATOR
0°
Ocean Indian
SOUTH
Inca AMERICA Monomotapa Ocean
1500 1400's
C A P R I C O RN
T R O PIC O F
AUSTRALIA D
30°S N

60°S ANTAR
C TIC C I R C LE E
ANTARCTICA

Cold War Era A.D. 1945–1960

F
120°W 60°W 0° 60°E 120°E
60°N ARCTIC CIRCLE

ASIA
NORTH SOVIET UNION
EUROPE
AMERICA
G
UNITED STATES
30°N
TROPIC OF CA
NCER
Atlantic Pacific
Ocean Ocean
AFRICA
H
UATOR Pacific EQUATOR
0°
Ocean SOUTH Indian
AMERICA Ocean
C A P R I C O RN
T R O PIC O F
AUSTRALIA
J
30°S
N
U.S. and allies
U.S. influence
Allied colonies
Soviet Union and allies
60°S ANTAR
C TIC C I R C LE
Soviet influence
K
ANTARCTICA

9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

REFERENCE ATLAS RA33

 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
GERMANY

b
O LUX.
R U S S I A Se
ite a
D

Ye
N N BELGIUM
A is A

Wh
n
A E DENMARK NETH. FRANCE
Gulf

ey

L
of Ob D

N
E

FI
W Y North

ya
S

a
A UNITED

e ml
Se
W S e a KINGDOM

50°N
Barents N O R

aZ
ARCTIC va
y Sea

ra
No

s ula
IRELAND

Peninmyr
Norwegian Sea
OCEAN

a
Tay

K
B PHYSICAL 60°E B

60°N
AR
L
0 mi 800 90°E 30°E

CT

tic Ocean
en
a Svalbard
Franz

IC C
0 km 800 North
Sea

70°N
AZIMUTHAL EQUIDISTANT PROJECTION Land Josef
v Gr ° 0
pte

IRCL
Land
La 120°E eenl
and Sea ICELAND
A r c t i c

E
80°N
New

De
Siberian

nm
Islands Oodaaq

ar
C 150°E Island 30°W C
Sea

North Pole

k
Sea of

St
o c e a nL i n c o l n

r
it
East Siberian

Okhotsk

a
Sea GREENLAND
KAMCHATKA

lan
PENINSULA 180° Queen Hayes
Ellesmere Cape
Island
Peninsula 60°W Farewell
Wrangel Island 150°W Elizabeth Baffin
D 120°W 90°W Bay D
Davis Stra

At
t i
Chukchi Sea Islands Devon sI.et I.
Chukchi er
fin Isla
m Baf
it

Melville
Aleu

Peninsula tra Point Barrow

So
nd
Bering S Island
B e r ing Prince of
Br
No o k s

St. Lawrence Banks

Beaufort Island Wales I. Foxe it
rth

Seward Melville
o

Sea Island Boothia Basin tr a

o on S
t

Peninsula Peninsula Peninsula

Sl

R a pe Sea Victoria H ud s
ia

Yu n ge Island
n

k on Southampton
E s l Nunivak Island Ma Island
E
I

a ALASKA c
Pacific nd C A N A D A
ke
nz

s Bristol Great Hudson

ie

Ocean Bay Bear Lake Bay

South South Orkney Is. 30°W 15°W 0° 15°E 30°E

Atlantic 45°W L E
Fimb ul 45°E
RC I c e Sh
e lf
CI
60°W O c e a n IC
60°S

F
RC
T
Ruser-Larsen
60°E F
South TA Ice Shelf
N
A

Shetland
Islands ANTARCTIC QUEEN MAU END
ER
D LA LANDBY
D
LAN

PENINSULA We d d e l l
G RA H

ND
70°S

Sea
COATS

Larsen Indian
AM

Mt. Jackson Valkyrie

L AIce Shelf 13,747 ft Dome
G 75°W ND Filchner Ocean G
PALM4,190 m Ice Shelf 75°E
ER
L Berkner
Alexander I. R o n n e Island Amery Ice Shelf
AN

T RAN

Ice
D

Shelf AMERICAN
HIGHLAND
LAND RTH

South Bellingshausen
Vinson Massif A N T A R C T I C A West
Pacific Sea 16,067 ft Ice Shelf
ELLSWO

SA

POLAR PLATEAU
Ocean 4,897 m
M ts.
H 90°W Ells w orth South Pole EAST 90°E H
N
T

WEST ANTARCTICA
A
R

Bentley Subglacial Trench -8,327 ft C Shackleton

-2,538 m T
105°W I Ice
D

ANTARCTICA
M

Shelf
C

RI
A

E B Dome
M

YRD LAND Ross Circe

A
OU

Ice
105°E
L

J Shelf J
ANTARCTICA 120°W
NTA

Roosevelt I.
S

PHYSICAL
O RI A L A N D

Ross I.
E

0 mi 600 Indian
INS

Mt. Erebus
K

0 km 600 12,448 ft Ocean

L

3,794 m
Ross
I

AZIMUTHAL EQUIDISTANT PROJECTION

Sea Talos W
V ICT

Dome
K
135°W 120°E K
150°W 165°W 180° 165°E 150°E 135°E
1 2 3 4 5 6 7

RA34 REFERENCE ATLAS