Noun Phrase (NP) Pre-modification: (pre-mod) Heads Post-modification (post-mod)

1. Determiners: 1. Noun 1. Relative clause (Rel-Cl)

- Pre-determiners: All, both, half, 1/3 2. Proper noun 2. Non-finite clause (reduction of relative
- Identifiers/Central-determiners: 3. Pronoun: clause): To P, Ing P, Ed P
+ Article: A, an, the - Personal pronoun: he, she, it, … 3. Prepositional phrase (PP)
+ Demonstrative Adj: this, that - Indefinite pronoun: somebody, 4. Adj after indefinite pronouns as head
+ Possessives Adj: my, your, his, … someone, something, … Ex: somebody brave
- Numbers/Post-determiners - Possessive pronoun: mine, his, her, … 5. Adverb
2. Adjectives - Demonstrative pronoun: this, that, Ex: the bus behind, the time before, …
3. Noun-modifiers these, those 6. Appositive (NP)
4. Genitive noun phrase
Verb Phrase Auxiliary verbs (Aux) Lexical verbs
Adjective phrases Pre-mod Adj Post-mod
- Intensifying Adv: very, somewhat, - PP
rather, extremely, highly, … - To P
- Some adv refer to speaker’s attitude. - That Cl
Ex: beautifully cool, annoyingly simple, …
Adverb phrase Pre-mod Adv 3 Function:
- Intensifying Adv: very, somewhat, 1. Adjunct: Time, Place, Manner
rather, extremely, highly, … 2. Conjunct
- Some adv refer to speaker’s attitude. 3. Disjunct
Ex: amazingly well, understandably
badly, …
Prepositional phrase Preposition Noun phrase
V-ing
Wh-clause

SUBJECT OBJECT COMPLEMENT ADJUNCT

Noun Phrase (NP) Noun Phrase (NP) Noun Phrase (NP) Noun Phrase (NP)
That Clause (That-Cl) Prepositional Phrase (PP) Adjective Phrase (AP) Prepositional Phrase (PP)
Wh-Clause (Wh-Cl) That Clause (That-Cl) That Clause (That-Cl) Adverb Phrase (Adv P)
Infinitive Phrase (To P) Wh-Clause (Wh-Cl) Wh-Clause (Wh-Cl) Adverbial Clause (Adv Cl)
Participle Phrase (Ing P) Infinitive Phrase (To P) Infinitive Phrase (To P)
Participle Phrase (Ing P) Participle Phrase (Ing P)
Part 1: Syntactic analysis according to function, and category
1. The farmer was eating his lunch in the corn field.
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2. The bowler threw the ball at the stumps.
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3. The jury found the prisoner guilty.
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4. The performance lasted three hours.
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5. The committee considers your proposals rather unworkable.
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6. We do not know who will be his successor.
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7. The milk has gone sour.
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8. Gordon sent his apologies to the meeting
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9. The delinquent received a reprimand from the magistrate.
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10. The government sent the envoy to Africa.
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11. We imagined Uncle Bill much fatter.
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12. I cannot imagine how the mistake could have happened.
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13. I wouldn’t make rive in that saucepan.
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14. You cannot order me to jump into the river.
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15. You must not walk on the grass.
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16. After years of study, Fred became an aerospace engineer.
→
17. Passengers who wish to have vegetarian meals will have to notify flight attendants.
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18. The Sedan de Ville has all the advanced features of a Cadillac.
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19. Your Madras curry smell appetizing.
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20. They rolled the barrel into the courtyard.
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21. Mark Twain, who wrote ‘The Adventures of Tom Sawyers’, is my favorite writer
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22. Honestly, he is becoming a real bore.
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23. Braille, a French man, who became blind at the age of three was a very talented boy.
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24. I think that you will catch him stealing the apples.
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25. Monkeys and apes are very fond of a hug to show their relationship.
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26. We’ve got a new TV with a thirty one inch screen.
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27. Whether George can get a better job is uncertain.
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28. The children played in the garden all yesterday afternoon.
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29. They consider poor old Andrei insane.
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30. That Sheila left early proves that she loves you.
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31. My concern is how you have enjoyed the lesson.
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32. Why a lot of teenagers get addicted to the Internet is easy to understand.
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33. Ken’s belief is that things can get worse.
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34. The only thing I did was to tell him to go away.
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35. The man is a Japanese tourist named Murayama Yasufumi.
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36. Fellow sportsmen regarded him a world player.
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37. The fact that he failed to show up surprised everybody.
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38. The club elected Mr. Jones membership secretary.
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39. The first victim I saw at that time was a 10-year-old girl with a deformed face.
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40. The fridge keeps the beer cool.
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41. It disturbs me to see so many people wasting their time.
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42. Taking that bend at 60 mph explains how he left the road.
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43. Tom passed the salt down the table.
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44. They reported to the police what the prisoner had said.
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45. ASIMO is a human droid robot developed by the Honda Motor Co.
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46. President Wilson appointed Franklin Roosevelt the Assistant Secretary of the Navy.
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47. He doesn’t seem to suffer much.
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48. The old fellow forgot about Jim yesterday.
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49. It disappointed the candidate that few people came to hear him.
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50. The grand old Duke of York had ten thousand men.
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51. The small boy was quite sure that his father had told him that the earth was flat.
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52. The old grey cat loved being swung through the air.
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53. The black pen that I accidentally left on the bus yesterday belonged to my uncle’s sister.
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Part 1: Answer Key
1. The farmer was eating his lunch in the corn field. (SV O: NP A: PP)
2. The bowler threw the ball at the stumps. (SV O:NP A: PP)
3. The jury found the prisoner guilty. (SV O: NP C: AP)
4. The performance lasted three hours. (SV A:NP)
5. The committee considers your proposals rather unworkable. (SV O: NP C: AP)
6. We do not know who will be his successor. (SV O: Wh-Cl)
7. The milk has gone sour (SV C: AP)
8. Gordon sent his apologies to the meeting (SV O: NP A: PP)
9. The delinquent received a reprimand from the magistrate. (SV O:NP A: PP)
10. The government sent the envoy to Africa (SV O: NP A: PP)
11. We imagined Uncle Bill much fatter (SV O: NP C: AP)
12. I cannot imagine how the mistake could have happened. (SV O: Wh-Cl)
13. I wouldn’t make rive in that saucepan. (SV O:NP A: PP)
14. You cannot order me to jump into the river. (SV O:NP C: To P)
15. You must not walk on the grass. (SV A: PP)
16. After years of study, Fred became an aerospace engineer. (A: PP SV C: NP)
17. Passengers who wish to have vegetarian meals will have to notify flight attendants. (SV O: NP)
18. The Sedan de Ville has all the advanced features of a Cadillac. (SV O: NP)
19. Your Madras curry smell appetizing. (SV C: AP)
20. They rolled the barrel into the courtyard. (SV O:NP A: PP)
21. Mark Twain, who wrote ‘The Adventures of Tom Sawyers’, is my favorite writer (SV C: NP)
22. Honestly, he is becoming a real bore. (A: Adv P SV C: NP)
23. Braille, a French man, who became blind at the age of three was a very talented boy. (SV C:NP)
24. I think that you will catch him stealing the apples. (SV O: That Cl)
25. Monkeys and apes are very fond of a hug to show their relationship. (SV C: AP)
26. We’ve got a new TV with a thirty one inch screen. (SV O: NP)
27. Whether George can get a better job is uncertain. (S: Wh-Cl V C: AP)
28. The children played in the garden all yesterday afternoon. (SV A: PP A: NP)
29. They consider poor old Andrei insane (SV O: NP C: AP)
30. That Sheila left early proves that she loves you. (S: That Cl V O: That Cl)
31. My concern is how you have enjoyed the lesson. (SV C: Wh-Cl)
32. Why a lot of teenagers get addicted to the Internet is easy to understand (S: Wh-Cl V C: AP)
33. Ken’s belief is that things can get worse (SV C: That Cl)
34. The only thing I did was to tell him to go away (S: NP V C: To P)
35. The man is a Japanese tourist named Murayama Yasufumi. (SV C:NP)
36. Fellow sportsmen regarded him a world player. (SV O:NP C:NP)
37. The fact that he failed to show up surprised everybody (S: NP V O: NP)
38. The club elected Mr. Jones membership secretary. (SV O: NP C: NP)
39. The first victim I saw at that time was a 10-year-old girl with a deformed face. (S: NP V C:NP)
40. The fridge keeps the beer cool. (SV O:NP C: AP)
41. It disturb me to see so many people wasting their time (dummy V O:NP S: To P)
42. Taking that bend at 60 mph explains how he left the road. (S: Ing P V O: Wh-Cl)
43. Tom passed the salt down the table (SV O:NP A: PP)
44. They reported to the police what the prisoner had said. (SV O: PP O: That Cl)
45. ASIMO is a human droid robot developed by the Honda Motor Co. (SV C: NP)
46. President Wilson appointed Franklin Roosevelt the Assistant Secretary of the Navy (SV O: NP C:NP)
47. He doesn’t seem to suffer much. (SV C: To P)
48. The old fellow forgot about Jim yesterday. (SV O:NP A: Adv P)
49. It disappointed the candidate that few people came to hear him. (dummy V O:NP S: That Cl)
50. The grand old Duke of York had ten thousand men. (SV O: NP)
51. The small boy was quite sure that his father had told him that the earth was flat. (SV C: AP)
52. The old grey cat loved being swung through the air. (SV O: Ing P)
53. The black pen that I accidentally left on the bus yesterday belonged to my uncle’s sister. (S V O: PP)