SMOKEDETECTORALARM CI

RCUI
T
August2021
ByAdmi
nist
rat
or
ASmokeDet ectorisasmokesensi ng
devicethatindicatesfir
e.Smoke
Detectorsarev erycommoni nhomes,
off
ices,schoolsandi ndustries.Smoke
Detectorsarev eryusefuldev i
cesasthe
damagecausedbyf i
reaccidentsis
cat
ast r
ophic.
Nowaday s,smokedet ector
sand
smokealarmsar everycheapasits
usageisi
ncreasingandcostof
manufact
uringisdecreasi
ng.Inthi
s
proj
ect
,wear eimplementingasimple
SmokeDetectorCircui
tusingsimple
har
dwar
e.

WeusedaGas/ Smokesensorfor
detecti
ngsmoke.Thear t
icl
eisdi
vi
ded
i
ntoinformati
onaboutSmokesensor,
ci
rcuitdi
agram andworki
ng.

SmokeDet
ect
oral
arm

Out
li
ne
ABr
iefI
ntr
oduct
iont
oSmokeSensor
Ci
rcui
tDi
agr
am
Component
sRequi
red
Wor
king
ABr
iefI
ntr
oduct
iont
oSmokeSensor
Therear etwot
ypesofsmokedetect
ors.
OpticalorPhot
oel
ectricsmoke
detectorsandI
onizat
ionsmoke
detectors.
smokedetect
orsconsi
stsofali
ght
sour
celi
keLEDandal i
ghtdet
ectorl
i
ke
phot
ocel
l.
Thephotocel
lconduct
saslongasthe
l
ightf
all
soni t
.Whenthereissmoke,t
he
l
ightf
rom thesour
ceisint
errupt
edand
t
hephot
ocel
ldoesn’
tconduct
.
smokedet ectorsconsi st
soft wo
electrodesandani onizati
onchamber
fi
lledwi thions.Whent hereisnosmoke,
theionsmov efreel
yandt heelectr
odes
conductnor mal l
y.
Inthepr esenceof
smoke, thechamberi sf il
l
edwi thsmoke
andi nterruptsthemov ementofi ons.
Theel ect r
odesdonotconductany more.
Dependi ngont hetypeofsensorand
manuf acturer
,theconduct i
vi
ty
condi t
ionsmaychangebutt heidea
remai nst hesame.
Basedont heout
putofthesmoke
detect
or,anal
arm sy
stem canbe
i
mpl emented.
Thesensorusedi
nthi
spr
ojecti
sMQ-
2
Gas/Smokesensor .I
tissensit
ivet
o
LPG,Hy dr
ogen, Smoke, Methane,
Propane,Alcohol,
Butaneandot her
i
ndustri
alcombust ibl
egases.
Ithastwoelectrodesmadeof
Aluminum Oxide(Al2O3)andaheat i
ng
elementmadeofTi ndi
oxide(SnO¬2)
whichactsast hemainsensinglayer
.
Ci
rcui
tDi
agr
am
SmokeDet
ect
orCi
rcui
t
Smokesensorci
rcui
t
Component
sRequi
red
1.
MQ-
2Sensor
2.
LM358
3.
10KΩ
4.
330Ω
5.
LED
6.0.
1µF
7.10KΩPOT
Wor
king
SmokeDet
ect
orsar
eamazi
ngdev
ices
astheyaresmall
,cheapyetver
yusef
ul.
Inthi
sproj
ect,weimplement
edasimple
SmokeDet ect
orCir
cuitwi
thadj
ust
able
sensi
ti
vi
ty.

WeusedaSmokeSensorMQ- 2asthe
mainsensor
ydevi
ce.Thewor ki
ngofthe
ci
rcui
tissi
mpleandisexpl
ainedbel
ow.

LM358act sasacompar atorint

his
ci
rcui
t.Theinver
ti
ngterminalofLM358
i
sconnectedtoPOTsot hatthe
sensi
ti
vit
yofthecir
cuitcanbeadjusted.

TheoutputofLM358isgiv
entoanLED
asanindicat
oral
thoughabuzzercanbe
usedasanalarm.Thenon-i
nv er
ti
ng
ter
mi nal
ofLM358isconnectedwith
outputofsmokesensor
.

Ini
ti
all
y,whentheai ri
sclean, the
conducti
vi
tybetweent heel ectrodesis
l
ess,astheresistanceisint heor derof
50KΩ.Theinvertingterminal i
nputof
comparatori
shi gherthanthenon-
i
nverti
ngterminal i
nput.Thei ndicator
LEDisOFF.

Intheeventoffi
re,whenthesensori
s
fi
ll
edwithsmoke, t
heresist
anceofthe
sensorfal
lsto5KΩandt heconducti
vi
ty
betweentheelectr
odesincr
eases.
Thisprovidesahi gherinputatthenon-
i
nv er
ti
ngt erminal ofcomparatorthan
theinvert
ingtermi nalandtheoutputof
compar at
orishi gh.ThealarmingLEDi s
tur
nedONasani ndicat
ionofpresence
ofsmoke.

SmokeDet
ect
oral
arm
Not
e

Theheati
ngelementint
heSmoke
Sensormustbepreheat
edbef
orei
tcan
senseanysmokeorgas.
Thesensorgetshotbecauseofthe
heati
ngcoilanditi
sadvisednotto
touchthesensorwhil
eitisswi
tchedon.
Thesensit
ivi
tyoft
hecir
cui
ttodi
ff
erent
concent
rat
ionsofsmokecanbe
adj
ustedbyusingthePOT.
Theout
putLEDcanberepl
acedwi
tha
l
oudbuzzerf
oref
fect
iveal
arm.