xpeimcnt No 3

Aim -Tostudy metalluaicod miwoscope

obecie To be aguined h he
dL
Operaion , Const 2ppliceh'on
Capability ot metallarptc
micvoS Cope

H ppar aus opticaA micwo SCope

SpeciiCatton invevted metallurCal

micrO Scope

lan Achvonnahic Cup to uex) objechive

Plan
bbiective Lex_ /o 2 CD 3mm)
2Ox /o uo D oFmm)
Ox / o 60 WD 06Emm)
60x/ o: 5 (WD - 35 mm)
D 2 S mm

lan lox
o ield o viees'16mm)
peces L6 Pield of vieco mm)
20 X field ol vieLo mm
 Illuminahon kothlev luminatbn Systerm
Systemb oth 6V 2 0 haloen_build
O ed ightintensity re
adcs table.

Plter ith yelloo, areen blue

fhlte

omer Coax Cowse ne

Hne

ad 5Ystem i th secm ty Stoppe

Eyeplece i t h micrometer
Copttonol ) lo x ith minimum
dinston O m

Theov Thve metull ur C

myCros COpe
ist e most Tmpov dant tool
of he
metalluvst. T+ Consis
ok om ad
an ePieee
its pnmoy Puneror S reval
he detail
of object. he
clavi y& tent to
ex

helr optica ohich

System Cve c e ateo
Ove cv aTto
rincipal A hbi zan tuu
beam o iht
roth Light SoLuYce is e PHechod by
PAOA CAMERA
 men o plane 2as elecfo
douon oord throuah the myCvO SCOPEe
objeeive on the S u r a ce incident

LghErePleettd he Spe cime

Suyface i l b e ma g hce &pa Ssina
through he plane glaes re Flector
magni Held again_by pper_lense
Systtm o eye_piece

Constru ttion detail

Stae A Plat mavable table

Suppoy Hh Specimem h i s _Can
moved ue or_doon_by knobs
2 . Tubes Thever Hcally movul ble tube
Con tounin Cye-piece Obi &&
planes elector The tupe
Leng thvanes 60 m m

to 250 mm

3 Cllu mi nahng sys tem

Tt used to ight up the
SyraCe o Hhe Spedmen 4ndtr
ominator t t consi'st Of ligt
Source opErtov diaphara aslol
Pilk & plae lass ve Pector. A
hovizan tal bean of Aught h0m the
SouvCe dividedb_padn l a s s
lect doon coONd oouh niCvoseope
bectHe Surtaees o Speeime
Ceytaun amount o his inctdent
Liaht eHeeed om Speeinmen
Suro Ce Pogses Hou e
bbjefive in theeye piecce am enlare_
ass he llunminattdarta_of Spec men

Strtace isobsereved by Lookivng

though he eye_pieee The apertue
di in_illuminofna Sys temn
COntol te Anqlor the
Cone o Liaht ay cohich is
he Optmum
om he md-
Opening om dia phayam Shoulo

be cused ohichdedependupon he
bjechve belna uSed Foy sahs Fa cory
illum natronb The anale o the
plame lan eHectoy should
be adusded.
 '

Eyepiece

Plan
glass efle ctor SouTce

Co dei ing
stcm

Oje

Specimen

of Metallurgica
Fi Optica S4stem
MiCooS coPe
4 ObjectivNe Lens
The objective Lense Sctem
which fosms the b*raay Psimav image
of the Specimen is the most impotant
of the micToscOpe The major fumctiam
of am obiectise ens iS oo Colle ct

the maximum quantityof ght Cominq

amy Point on fhe Specimem
and Combie it ito an imaqe The
ability fo Collect ight (S defesnmined
by the numei Ca apeTtuTe of fhe
objective .

NA = Usin&
whese -
NA Wumesica apestuae ot the objecfive.
s _ Reflective indexof the medium
bettoeen_ 4he Specimens of objectise
lems
Half Half of angle ot the most obliq,ue
ays ente ing fsomt ems of

objectivve

Numesica a pedtuTe of the objective

inCgeaSe a The Value of efsactiv=
index fos an aio objective Jens is
o and .S Numerica apestuTe for
the objective Vasie S fsom O-5 to
32

The mest impottant PT0persty

of an objecives_ Iaterad Soluiom
which may be defined aS_ the abilty
VeTSma
See Object
to Objects yeny close togethe
The limit of e solutign the minimu m
olistan ce_ hich m a be just sesolved_
iS
iven

Resoluticm limit 05 to 0 6I
A

Wherse
Wave leng th f sodiation_
S Eypiece
AA se movable eye Pie ce
Ateddo on adjustable draw the ube
of the micTOScOpe B apPTOximately
Positioning ha Ppimar sea mage with
Tespec to he e1ePiece the Poimao image
upo Cam be ftusthePr enlos9eq depend ing
upoy he magnitying PoweT of eyePiece
 magnificatiom_ a e Sx 7x 5x, etc .

MicsoScope Technique
Most of the miCoos Copic
studies of meta oarse made uing 6oight
flled illuminadím n addition do these pes
of illumimadion, Seve raf Speeial feqaigueS_,Such
as obligue lluminatim dark fieleilluminadia
Op ague - Stop
miCT0 S Copy and phase Contrast
miCsOScopy and
Po ladized Contrast micTOS Copy

and have PadtiCalars applicaion fos meta l og rap-

Studies In add itiom to these fechniques
t0 high Hempesafure mic 0scope
Can also be done uging differemt
atta chments to he milsoS Cope.

Electgo M iCsoSCope
A breakthroug h in
metallo graphic has been achieved thso ugh
he developement
of an electro microS (ope
I i5 Capable of achievinq mu Ch 9Tcater
veS olutí m Powers amd highes magnificatíom
obtans micoOS cope
then in Optica

A electoo) micT0Sco pe S
modern Capable
Io 4 to
Of magnificatim forom
iving
diametrsS f6r ophca micoSCope The
esolution obtainete with electoo n_
miCTOSCOpe of os der of 0.0002 .

Wo-slking Psinciple
The elecfsom beam
miCsOSCOpe uses electso to illu minate
the
Specimen in a n electoon micTo sCope
an imaqe of the Cotou ot SpeCimemn
Surrtace is toomed by Comveging a
5tseam ofF sapidly moving electoo affers
Passin9 fhsoug h h in Sectim 0f
Pecimen o 0f transpadent eplica.
The beam of electson trade inciden1
of
Specien_ ODiginatcs forom Cathod e
sa dischaTqe fube Opesated af
50 000kW The beam f electson
fo cused
b Passing thsougqh a
SersieS ot electooyY maqnefic ens.
It used in Vaccum fo 9 ve

Sufticiently long face Path fos

electsons