Experimen No

STUDY AND DRALIINn o¢

MICROSTRUCTURES
sTEELS.
strel le o'% c]
Aim
Hy Eutechid AYau ron Corbon qornFe -Fe3e
stee .e3 9on Pron aT bide dioqrom amd sh he
omge follosng steela n

es Hye Stecoie
o1 HyPo Eutectsid.
02 Eutec toid
steel-s7<] 03 HyPereutecbi steels.

Also drauhe micvostruchure

tecord stee
01 Hypo Eutechd stel Co.R 7. e)

02.Hpo gutectoid stee o4 7, )

ype Teu tecbid Eutectoid stee o. 6 7. c

03Hro
steel>o9%c) 04 Eutectoid steel o 8Y.c)
5 Hypereutectoidseel T>o.87 c
 Eaperimemt No: 0

STUDY AND DRAINA OF MCRo STRUCTURES

AST CAST DRON

Aim
TaLo he mieoshtuce o llosin9
Cast ion.
cast
O white cast

02Gey Cast on

O3 Mallea ble cast

Malleale Nodular cost iTON.

OS PeTi kc G cott YO)

O6 Peal:e Gie Cast

Nodular cost

Fevrike

Pokc y cost om
 Experiment No 03.

MICROSTRUCTURE OF NON- FERROUS ALLOY

coPPER

Aim:
To PYepaye and osee Hhe micyostruchrve
Nonferious ollot

Equipment:.
Set op
emer papexs omd
imdin wheel, iac poltshing nackine,
micros co pe
Etchant
Ammonium persul phale 10 qm and atev om
Procedure .

a) cut he S pectmen tohe Yequi red side

Tsmall cylindricas pieces o to 15 mm

wtth 15 mm heiqht Ca) 10 mm cubes)

)the opposite Surpaces Cctrcudai ace s n cases

lidricas pieces are made flat oHh
Yinding aAng. A Small champey should
be YOUmd en Each
Each dge forbetley hand-
he Small t shouldb
C iCit Sample is

mounte).
op e aces op e Specimen is
PYe ssed a9nsthe Emeybelt ee belt
indey so e e
SeTalcheS on he
Specmen SuTace unidrec lionad.
 dThe Sample is tobe polished on
o,,
a n d 4% numbere Emevy papers u
Paper wk:te
wkite
increasinq nene s ofhe papeT.
ehang polish paper, he tample is

tobe tuned by 0
to so hat meus
SeYa tches sall be Sactly perendeudJar
pYeviou scTaches

)AsteY poliskig en 40 pape he Specim en

isto be polished on disc poltskimg
he dec
machine Cbuper machine).9n
poli shing machine a ie 's Toald by
a ea chat.he dic te coveved
ve vet dloeth. alumina Solaion is used as
abTasive Alumina soluion is spi nkled
con tinuously over he dite ond Specimen is

emerally pressed
againsi t h case o
mon fevtous metals Such as bracs, rasso
uted instead alumina amd water.
TRe
Te poliskinq shoude coninue I l
miYTOY polished Surpace is obtaines
-All
)The Sample is then washe wth
ater Jiedried
3The Sample isen etched as tt a

Suitable.
b Ades t hing he Specimen shoudd be
sashed in unni ng satey ond hen
st th al co a and hem nayviee

ts
Somple is
nicrostruchure
nouo eadyfo1
under t e
ehudn
mieYoSCope.
 Pecauti ons:.

ot.Gwintng should be done n he Eme

in onl one vec Hen
0a Ensure mivroY polished tupace

03Flchant shoud be appled Pora poskeuby

ime
ne md sbuld be wa shes out
04Te polished 8urface houdd mo Le louchr
to t Pingexs
Result
e obsevuedhe mi cvo- struehuve
Coppex allby uCin rotcO Lcope.
 Expeximent No '09
MICRO STRUCTU RE 9F NON FERROUS ALLOY
ALLOMI NIUM

Atm
To pYepare and obseyvve he micro-
-

stucture of nonfevrou s

Euipment
Set mepapevs o,al., 3
rinding whed, disc polishing ma chine,
MicrOScope
Etchamt
sold hydroaide Cib qm) omd satey 0ml.
PYOcedue.

) Cut h e Speci men e aequlred Ste

Cemall to 15 dia
clndricas pieces o to mm

15 mm hdght Ca) 1o mm cubes).

bThe Opposite Surfaces Cctreusar aces in cases
o f i ndica pieces) ove made flat wit
inding lRn9 A Small cha m fer should
be 70und en 'each edqe for betten
Srnal1 1t shodd
handltnq C?p he Somple is

be mounted).

S )One
One o e faces of t e Spe cimen

Pressed aqoinst he emey elt e

qnder
inder So a t all tthe stYatchex
n he Specmen Surfacees ore uni dtvechon

.
 dThe
dhe Sample is to be polished on 'lo,a lo, >lo
and 4 nunbered Emery papers t
incYeasinq inene ss of the pape. wk:te
chon
changinq e pape, - e zample
poleh is to

be n uned
ed y96 So tad meus scralehes
shall be Exactly perpend cuar t
previous
scratches
e) ArteY poli shing on lo paper he Specime
istobe polishrd n disc policking natkine

Cbupf x ing mockine) în the .

disc-poliinq
polchin

machine a dise is Totated by a verkca

shapthe die i covered with velvet cloh
coluHon
s used as abrasive Alumina
Alumima
Soluten is sprinkled con inuouy ovey e dise
i m
Speccmen is
qeneral preesed qatnst
cose Non-erous metals Sracs
such as

racs is used in stead alumiva and water

e poltskng should be coninucd 4 a
miyvo
polished Surgace i s obtained.
) h e Sarnple i e n waihed ustth aden å
dried.
Fig Aluminium The Somple icthen ekhed with a suttable.

spedmen shoudsbe
Ate eeinge with
washed n umnina wate amdh

' olcoa ond hen nally dried

he Sample nous
Teady o shuda
miToshucfure undeyhe miCYOS Cop
Precautions:

ne
01Grindng shouddbe done Emery
in only ne drechon.

Ensure miYroOY polshed suspace.

0
3Etchant should Le applied Por apoaskitua
sholde athed sut
ime Omc

should ot be touched
04.The poltsked
polisd &urpace

inaers
Re sult
mon
olbserved micro structure o
e

fe vous lallby alluminium y ucinq

micT stucture.
Ezperiment do:. 65
MICRO STRUCTURE OF NON- FERROUS ALLOY

3RASS

Aim
TO Pepare and obsevve he mievostructue

opnon ferrous alloy.

Equipmemt
*/% amd
Set of Emer paper o ,316,
winding whee, drec poliskirq mackine,
micTOScope
Etehant.- acid
FerYie chlovide Ceeels), Fecla Sqm, Hc

m.
2m ethy alcohal ac

PYOCe dure
a) cathe Specimem serequired Stbe
Csmall cylindri cal pieces of 16 to 15om dia u

o-th 15 mm heigkt Cav to mm ube

The
b) The Opposite Surpates Ccreudar
acesm caes
ith
tindentca pieces) oe made made lat

rdinq a ll a Small cham fev should be

Tound en each edae for Leiten handkn
Ct
Ci e Somple is Srnollitshould be
mounted)
Specimen is
S One of4e faces of e
n e b e l l op he
Pre ssed aqont e
he seYade hes
btndeY all
 pecimeM Supat ave uni directena

dThe omple t o be palishrd ono,lo,>lo

and o umbevecd Emery papers wih
wi h
incYeasing nemecs of ke pape. uk te
chonqin9 e
polih paper, he Sampe is to
be tned b o SoHhat neo &cYalkhes
shall be Exattperpendicuda1 to previous
Seratehet.
e Aler poicing n lo paper the Specimeo

is obepol shed on e poltskigle

macine
Cbugpin nle) Tn the dic -polttling
a disc Yotaled by vertcashagt.
elsth. ala
Te dsc is Coveved s thwdvet
used ac abrasi ve ahumina
- mi noa Soluon
cannuouuy oveY e
Soluton p7inkled

PTe sed
Qnd Specimen neraly
alumin uatey.te
is used nstead
polisktmg shodbe contnued 4tl a
t oblatned.
poliched Surface
+hen ashed with watey
fTe Somple is

arnd i.
ass TRe Sample s hen elehed ith a Stale
h. Ater eki q e Specmem shobe
wached in
yunninng untey them t
alcohol then Fna!ly dviedl.

Somple is mod
veado shudqtm
rnicvo struehuve wnde v e micvo Scope
Precautions:

01rinding should be done en e Emevy

Ene
Only ene directon
02 Ensure miYYOY polished Surçace.
63 chant shoul be oppied for a parkcudar

should be uathed sut

ime
ime Omd

should mot be tauched

o4Te poiched Supe.ce
sth fingevs.
Result
nom-evous
The mieO strutue of
is oseed under micYO scope.