5//2022

Ceraml rocessingR Sinerint

Terboek Aeha mmed NReh am an

Mosfortd Metat Proeessin

Attenaanee 1o7 ESE 257.

CGrading patern
Aui 30. Precentation- IO/
MSE2c7.
O7/01/a6aa

tictortyomateia sdence and en11

Stone Age (~3s,o0o Yrs).

Yrs)
Brone Age (~16o0
Yrs)
Iron Age (~33oo

component
r a n qement of >oter naf
Scubalomi e

Shucurte atomic
mieroscopse
macro scopse (buL)

Characteizcfion
Processon Pheperies
me thod of prepanng matericl characteristice
stimels
materia
Tes ponce to external

mech, lec, themal, m aqneies, optical

doterjeraHre

fer formance
behavior in a paricular
Ppheahon

Armshong nteraloni dic tance few A

hanometer mn hem an air a 50 imn
data
that
make up
micromeler 10 8m clongated bezmp
0 em wi de
1 milli meter 109 m tack n CD a e

83 um lona, an d aS nm a
mu O

wide
DNA 2 nm
V TL a0 1om
ms
 Stru ctUte

Subatomic leve!

atomic levet

o atomc in matersal .
artanaement

Microscopic Struc Te sdentsfie b

matesal
hat cah
b d

arangement of
smalt qrain of

microtoP
r auoscopie
tenailed eye
be view e d with
st ele ment
4nat may

iC ROSTRUCTURE
Polyeryctali ne

Singeceytat mang 4rmall crystal./qTrans

eiodsc ananaement o misorsented
oith

atome e t e n d s tmoughoet 6mal eryctals

to on anothe
the entire sample espect
snstiated and
to qrow, environ
ment S e v e r a l

cr stels
are

dfficuLt eath etherr

4 tow ards
tighily e ontroll e
row
must be a mateial.
isotrops c

anisot rop3 materia aniso trep i c or

reperties Stru ctures.

10/o1/20aa
1 0 o 0 -11oo
s e a of e

Clessifi cection of materael

Ometale ve , sea
of e , delocaizede

Ceramics

Polyters.
( Biometersals

add cat. made o f

Scc
Composis.

9ndba' Masler af metellway

9ron Psllar of Delh
9ndian)
Wootz Steel. onvent ed by and named
"Damascus Stec
Serian

Leet er -extort ed Sy
c e m plete
losths t dchnsqu
presen ce CNTs
yplantash

a t least
e ah conttsbtutinq
acent atom,
e ane
sharted beth ad
Polmers Ohe e

to both a t o m
shered e- beleng
drecteon al bond.

tow , flexúbl

Ceram!es and Glass

elements.
and non- metallic
metallue
Compo cund of
onie

Zt18o0C
Al-6Go
Z r o , 2 8 0o C

fqh P but why brrtle

12.01.2023
0 0011,00

tlemens tn earths Cteett

Abrundance of

O1en 46:67. und -

707.
S13ea aro

85ls
con- 27.77. sand)

Alumintim- 8 1,
und a07. of
a'o
Constibuts
Iron -Sy. etemens
Tolal 6

-3.67. earh errusl

Ca
Na 8

K 67,
Mq- 21
Oher -:S

Metalt tt
Cerami ce A

foly mers t

E etals t
Ceramia t t

Polymer&
Me i a u tt
Stength
 Ceramic
Greek word (Keramos)

( 4he toho went hvough the fire).

claj/brick one

defined as
Snorq anic ,ho nmetallie meteriats. Tapi catly crystcauine
metallic and non met alllc
elemente Su
ormed beth
and are compottnds
Al,0a) or Sr a n d Nsrogen ( SI con
a a m i nium and oygen ( alumina -

hitt de SigN4

Tpe
Silicate ceramt
Adanced levamics
CobidesNon oi de cerami
Nitide

rconia)
Oides( Alumina, zi

Zivcor
i added, hen
Zircons a ( Z1O2) if ttzia clechs caly
e o n du d ir e

Cevamc gener Cally

fo
2irconiaa
Z1rconà cem Oi de
eu

YHium o ide tri

44/o1/202a
alumina and sàls ca
- Comb" of
> Aluminosal5cate
Ciay
Al umina) Silaca
Tm
(o H)a
talline st uctre Ka olins te ALSi,Og
lay ered crys

5sts
beth layevs
water

hgsedients i
O clay
(ch e a p jiller meteri au)
a Quarta

fluz (lowes Tn)

G

formng shoinkaje
hydroplastie forming m e t e r a become brtHle.

stip tasHng
 100-140o)
firsng tem (
pemanent
hsicel chem change
fue/meHe over erge temp
desired aha pe is tetained
bo tencl a t e
> shrin kage druw
to rcemora)
o

ntein bond stars to form bet þarehcles.

a r ticles aane used znto verY poro us solid

melkna h a not j e t o ccurced

Vss ficaion

flux lowers quartz melting temp'

Qwaret parified begnto meit pul s i i a out of clay maBrix.

the 3scecshy of mett

Sils c a t e form inr easng
have hghe Tn
tidHclay cutHce
temaihq'' c e u m n a n silicate qta« ma
shtutuvra> alumina r i c h par i tes
nat
Quartz , fettzpar, Clay Cerani mat
generaly

Raw maderic) onferosle ucurce

Proper4es

f i n a product
Propehe

app icaion
 17/o4/2022

SEM Analysis

Ceramic Processng'
D f e r ent fiom metat process a

Meit ing PoSnt

DuctSy

Common cer amic -fcibriccetion meho ds

materaals method prodeet
Staruna
Goses
Gas-lqid
Gas - solid

1 i i d - solsd

liquid
ders),
Solsls( pow

19/o1/2o2a
Depesstion actors centoing CvD
CVD Ch emiccel Yapour
reactant
Sio2hn film) O flow
rate
of
as
Tempercituree

Pressure
Si (substrete) lowpress . i srrffe
1-1S k?a)
si0gt 4 HCL(g)

T5C14g) +0, (g? TOa+c q)

-is chos en.
reacion
en do the rmàe
MPcVD :

Chem2 eal Vcpov In filladbon

Advanag es of cvb

temper al
re
op e r alion
Lower
cext effectiveor aking thon fIm
and
Unique and elaliveliy simple
and coat n 1 dimens io
nall

Scale to larg ere produt (

to Tp
J posssble

Disadvantages hicknesr
sf rapid
Slow depositson ate( 1-l00 um/h) tlare coatng
3 r eq
Columnare gran
Micro ctructure inferaor coatEn

Amorphous Polyerystallih
Loo tenmp (intemediate
Sangle
Cry c t a l l n e
temp")

(hagh termp)

Precurcsor
a s - , Reah

KXXXYXKKAYYIUXA Coainz
Substrate

Co otn
TTLTDIUIID

Columnar ahe

Strength lesc.

negronular srengh is weak

be weak, (hee )
Coceting may
 Reaction bei" liqud end qas

- Dr ected melal oxidalion

+Odaen e t a lexide
Cceramic)

l q u d mela

e tet oxide oxidalcon

ZTTIT
barrier For fuwcher
Creeter

proces

make certamic
to
dmpracticel p r o l e ch further
Gene raily, conosion

AL0s
fefe,0y doesnd prevenk
Red C o r r o s (On

determan eaby

Na,Na, k, L Pitling- Bedworth Ratiob

(P-B raio)

PB ratiok 1 Nct protedi ng)

-2 (protecting)Al, zn, Ts,Zn. o xide formed

Spe
metad

PB: VolTof
t u e io o x i d a i o n

2 (not proieding mefa

which is
Vot f
tin oidixed
fe, Ma,Ss

4 Al+30 2Al2Oa

feO
FeOs
fe04
 24/01/2022
Advantaaes
cokreol.

Large component
toith very gcod dimensfenet
Retalively low 4emp

Composites.

Disadvrniages
O Lirsted composte.
make monol54hi c
Can't

Readion Bondina Process

with làq icoli)
with colad. celso poss a bte
reata aas
recec qas
with l5q)
DMO we

re att2on bonding
ilrade).

yRBSN ( r e a " bondet sslbcon

or
blades of turcbine

3 S +2N, 8 S5, Na

n r e a x " bondsng,

SlepO.
Take Si pewder.

StiP
Die-pressing ltasting

Billet Pre heat

ss) (Argon atmcphae)

1400'
 to thar
Bille shouldn't be hsahly densifsed tathere t shold be þo r o u s
Na 8a
caw
paes threush it.
N
3Si+2N SigN
Determàne vo" change.

s i 3.2 g/ee
Se233 3lee.

MN 14

N
2x 42
3 8
2.33

3 X a 8 + 4 X 1 4

36.05+8is
3-

Si
3X mol ar vol of
V 3mol ofSi
x
molar vol of Sig N4
V2 molef SigN4

molar wi.

m o l a r volm

molar wt V 307. po ross l

molat volm porous
removed

28 12.03 36.0S

2.33

3 2 8 + 4 Xr4 4-3.715
siN 3.2

214 .
Vo1 chanae V-Vi 100
 Bonded Alemanacm Oxide
RBAO KReactàon

Zr O2 shaped body
Al+A1,03 > die prescing -
S p cas ting
Powd er)
o0
A1+O2
+0 A03 (7- A,03)
100'c

o- ALO

207, volm expansioh

dimencion Controllang.
e lose d

38/o1/2032
Reation Bondingi Reecing solàd-leqrúd,

e, RBSC -
Readion Bonded Silicon Carb>de.

Carbon (powder + Sac Cpowder) b i n d e r / res în m

poly m e

tn fittraion tke die process>ng

tymolysl
s
by Si

J
Si+C->Sic

h coso
2
hheight filled by lq
Sa * time t iscocity of u
Yad> us of he chann el .

i quid - solàd interfacial energ »

w ehng ang le
 element
(MoS5, used as heating
Mo S5 MoS used n fundee).
to
b

Advant aaes
alt ernalive
tn comperisOn lo
Low tempera}erce proc ess
dmension c t acuraiy
High
sh apea
Com plex
i
Di sad vcunl ctges
temain,

Some of poro s> ty

amezunt
ed prodcecl
than hol process
echanically wecuker

SoL-GEL PRocESS : Chomo7enoua)

tum-lsquid.
Soluion Single phase.
Dispersion med
Two phase hekero)

Sol Dispersed phate solsd Colloa d

Cvery fsne)
Dispersion Dispers ed
um solb d r e d à tum phose
Dispersion med>
Ge lbquud.
ph ces
e
Dispersion

Prot ESS
SoL GEL PRoCESS

PARTIcULATE
sOL GtL

SS.
PROLE
SoL 6E L
PoLYMERIC