Ions

-When an atom is attracted to

another atom because it has
an unequal number of
electrons and protons, the
atom is called an ION.

-Atoms that gain electrons make

negatively charged ions called anions.
Atoms that lose electrons make
positively charged ions called cations.

-This transfer of electrons -As we've learned before, atoms like to

is known as
ELECTROVALENCE in
contrast to covalence. In the
simplest case, the cation is a
metal atom and the anion is a
nonmetal atom..
be stable. They feel most stable when their
outer electron shells are full. They become
full when they have eight electrons in
them. This is called the octet rule, which
says that atoms like to have full valence
shells of eight electrons. Remember that
the valence electrons are the electrons in
the outermost energy shell of an atom.
They get eight electrons by either
borrowing some from or giving some to
another atom.
 Table Salt
-Sodium Chloride
Zonrox
-Sodium Hypochlorite
-NaCl -NaOCI
-Ionic Bond -Ionic Bond
- Na loses one electron that - the valency of sodium is +1
has a +1 charge and Cl gains and the valency of hypochlorite
one electron giving it a -1 is -1.
charge.

Baking Toothpaste
- Sodium Bicarbonate
-NaHCO3 Soda -Sodium Flouride
-NaF
-Ionic Bond -Ionic Bond
- Sodium bicarbonate -Na lose one electron that
molecules feature one has +1 charge and F gains
sodium cation and one one electrons giving it a -1
bicarbonate anion. charge.
 Chalk
-Calcium carbonate 
Tide
-Sodium carbonate
-CaCO3 -Na₂CO₃
-Ionic Bond -Ionic Bond
-The molecule is formed by -In Na2CO3 we get 2 sodium
the calcium cation Ca+2 and ions and 1 carbonate ion
the carbonate anion CO3-2. CO2−3 .

Aluminum Coke
-Aluminum
-Al Foil -Sodium Benzoate
-C7H5NaO2
-Metallic Bond -Ionic Bond
-loss Iron Al+3 and gain -Na lose one electron that
nothing . has +1 charge and
comprising a benzoic acid
core with a proton missing
to give a charge of -1