Jay Adrian M.

Lozano

G-12 Bezos Mrs. Marygrace Edradan Nanol

What I Know

1. True

2. True

3. Insoluble

4. Nucleic acid

5. True

6. True

7. True

8. Glucose

9. Not easily

10. Amino acids

11. True

12. True

13. True

14. Lipid

15. Saturated
What’s In
Look for the words and write your answer: biomolecule, carbohydrate, lipid, protein, and
nucleic acid.

1. carbon, hydrogen and oxygen

2. carbon, hydrogen and oxygen

3. carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen

4. carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and phosphorus

What’s New
1. Write inside the first plate an example of food rich in carbohydrates that you have eaten a
while ago and tell us what you feel after eating it.
What did you feel after eating the food rich in carbohydrates?

2. Write inside the second plate an example of food rich in lipids that you have eaten a while
ago.

What did you feel after eating the food rich in lipids?
3. Write inside the third plate an example of food rich in protein that you have eaten a while
ago and tell us what you feel about what you have eaten.

What did you feel after eating the protein - rich food?

4. Write inside the glass the function of nucleic acids.

What’s More
Think of a 3 – day healthy meal plan for a teenager like you following the table below. Make
sure that you choose the right kind of food containing carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids.

Day 1 Day 2 Day 3

Breakfast
Morning Snack
Lunch
Afternoon Snack
Dinner
Dessert

What I Have Learned

1. What are the general types of intermolecular forces?

There are three general types of intermolecular forces (IMF), namely, van der Waals forces,
ion-dipole interaction, and H-bonding.

2. Describe the following in your own words.

a. van der Waals forces

Van der Waals forces are also known as London forces, there weak interaction is caused by
momentary changes in electron density in a molecule and they are the only attractive forces
present in nonpolar compounds. Van der Waals forces are interactions between molecules
that can be either repulsive or attractive depending on the distance of the molecules. As
molecular mass increase Van der Waals forces also increase, because elements with greater
radius are more polarizable.

a.1 dipole-dipole interaction

Dipole-dipole interaction is like a dipole is interacting with another dipole so therefore the
interaction between the two dipole molecules is called Dipole-dipole interaction. Dipole-
dipole interaction depends on the presence of positive and negative charges that align
themselves so that the positive will be attracted to the negative poles of the molecules.
Dipole-dipole interaction results in generating a force of attraction between neighboring
polar molecules due to attraction between two oppositely charged ends of the polar
molecules. This interaction arises due to electrostatic forces of attraction.

a.2 dipole-induced dipole interaction

Dipole-induced dipole interaction depends on the presence of a dipole that causes the
polarization of the electron distribution resulting to temporary dipoles. This interaction
between a polar molecule having a permanent dipole moment and a nonpolar molecule with
zero dipole moment.

a.3 dispersion forces

Dispersion force is present in all molecules. It is the only force present in nonpolar molecules.
Dispersion forces result from the distortion of the electron distribution or polarization of the
molecules. It is formed due to the attraction between the positively charged nucleuses of an
atom with the negatively charged electron cloud of a nearby atom.

b. ion-dipole interaction

Ion-dipole interaction is an interaction between an ion and dipole molecule on a molecule

which has a dipole moment. Ion-dipole interaction results from the attraction between either
a cation (+) or an anion (-) with permanent polar molecules. Positive ions may be attracted to
the δ- end of a polar molecule and Negative ions may be attracted to the δ+ end.

c. H-bonding

H-bonding is a special type of dipole-dipole interaction between the H-atoms in a polar bond.
It is a very strong dipole-dipole interaction. Hydrogen bonding is present in molecules with
hydrogen bonded to an electronegative atom (O, N, or F)

3. List down the intermolecular forces present in each species.

a. HBr

London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole

b. CS2

London dispersion forces

c. C2H6

London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole interaction, H-bonding

d. CH3COOH

London dispersion forces

e. Br2

London dispersion forces

What I Can Do
Knowledge of concepts is not enough for a learning experience to be meaningful. We should
also understand how the concepts we learned on intermolecular forces can be applied to real
life situation to get the most out of what we learned. Let us look at this simple situation that
will help us realize the advantage of fully understanding intermolecular concepts.

Situation: Storage of different substances at home needs careful attention. Alcohol, acetone,
and hair sprays, even gasoline should be taken care of to avoid fire. Where should these
substances be stored? Why do we need extra precaution in keeping them at home? Relate your
answer to intermolecular forces.

Alcohol and hair a spray contains is flammable because it contains ethanol (CH3CH2OH).
Ethanol is a nonpolar molecule with an IMFA type of H-bonding. Polarity and flammability
don’t have much to do with one another. However, ethanol contains oxygen (which supports
fire) in its molecular structure and that’s makes ethanol flammable. Alcohol and hairs spray
must be not exposed to direct sunlight or above 50 degree Celsius, it must be keep out of the
reach of children because it is dangerous and poisonous ( children could fie if they drink it).
On the other hand, acetone (CH3OCH3) is a polar molecule with dihedral shape and has an
IMFA type of H-bonding. Acetone is a colorless flammable liquid that evaporates easily and it
also had oxygen in its molecular structure. Acetone must not contact with eyes, skin and
clothing. The storage of acetone must be cool, well ventilated away from sources of ignition
of heat. Gasoline should also be taken care of to avoid fire. Gasoline is flammable because of
its low flash point and high vapor density. We must keep gasoline container tightly closed and
handle them to avoid spills. Gasoline should be stored at room temperature away from
potential heat and must be 50 feet away from ignition source. We need extra precaution in
keeping them at home because it is dangerous, poisonous and can cause explosion with fire.
Alcohol, acetone, hair sprays, and gasoline are like forces that attract between molecule (fire)
and the same as intermolecular forces.

Assessment
Multiple Choices. Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate
sheet of paper.
1.c

2.a

3.a

4.b

5.a

6.d

7.c

8.a

9.c

10. London Dispersion forces

11. London dispersion forces; dipole-dipole; H-bonding

12. London dispersion forces; dipole-dipole

13. London dispersion forces

14. London dispersion forces; dipole-dipole; H-bonding

15. London dispersion

Additional Activities:
Identify the intermolecular forces present in the following substances.

1) Silicon tetrafluoride, SiF4

London dispersion forces

2) Acetone, CH2O

London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole interaction

3) Methyl alcohol, CH3OH

London dispersion forces, H-bonding, dipole-dipole interaction

4) Methane, CH4

London dispersion forces

5) Phosphorus trichloride, PCl3

London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole interaction