Topic 5 Chemical Bonds

5.2 Ionic Bonds

Chemistry Form 4
Topic 5 Chemical Bonds

Ionic Bonds

Introduction To Ionic Bonds

Metal atoms (not stable) Transfer of Non-metal atoms (not stable)

- Donate electron electron - Receive electron

form form

Cation (+1) Anion (-)

(stable) (stable)

Formation of ionic bonds

Ionic compound

Chemistry Form 4
Topic 5 Chemical Bonds

Ionic Bonds
Formation Of Ions
Donates electron Accepts electron

Cation (+) Anion (-)

Formation of sodium ion, Na+ Formation of oxide ion, O2-
Na → Na+ + e- Example O2- → O + 2e-

Sodium atom, Na= 2.8.1 Oxygen atom, O= 2.6

Charge of 11 protons = +11 Charge of 8 protons = +8
Charge of 11 electrons = -11 Charge of 8 electrons = -8
Total charge =0 Total charge =0
Sodium ion, Na+= 2.8 Oxide ion, O2-= 2.8
Charge of 11 protons = +11 Charge of 8 protons = +8
Charge of 10 electrons = -10 Charge of 10 electrons = -10
Total charge = +1 Total charge = -2

Chemistry Form 4
Topic 5 Chemical Bonds

Ionic Bonds
Formation Of Ionic Bonds

Ionic bonds are formed from the transfer of electron from the metal atoms to the
non-metal atoms forming ionic compounds.

Example: Formation of the ionic bond in sodium chloride, NaCI.

Sodium ion, Na+ Chloride ion, Cl-

Ionic
Bond

• Sodium atom donate one • Strong electrostatic force

electron to chlorine atom. between anion and cation
pulls the sodium ion, Na+ and
chloride ion, CI- together
forming NaCI compound.
• Attractive force between ions
is called ionic bond or
electrovalent bond.

Chemistry Form 4
Topic 5 Chemical Bonds

Ionic Bonds

Formation Of Magnesium Fluoride

Fluorine atom
2.7

Fluoride ion, F- Magnesium Fluoride ion, F-

Magnesium atom, Mg 2.8 ion, Mg2+ 2.8
2.8.2 - 2.8 2+ -

+
Fluorine atom
2.7

All of ions are attracted to one another by strong

electrostatic force between them forming ionic
compound, magnesium fluoride, MgF 2.

Magnesium atom donates two

electrons to two atom of fluorine to
achieve stable electron arrangement.

Chemistry Form 4
THE END