LESSON 22

A day in the life of Benjamin and Ingrid

Let's Read
In 2005, there was an article in the Daily Paper about the number of homeless people in
the United States.
Benjamin Favre lives in a tent in a shanty town in the middle of a square in Menasha –
Wisconsin. He sleeps in his sleeping bag. He hasn't slept in a bed since 2004. His dog
sleeps with him in a corner of the tent. He used to live in the country, but it's easier to find
food in the city. He arises at dawn to find leftovers in the trash cans, which had been
taken out of the diners at night. But on his birthday, which is at the end of February, when
he has some money in his pocket, he eats in cut-price cafés.

Yesterday Miss Ingrid Lundeen of Minnesota tried for half an hour to catch her cat Felix to
give it some medicine. But it ran away from her. It ran out of the kitchen, up the stairs,
round and round the bedroom, down the stairs again, in and out of the living room, from
the living room into the kitchen and finally into the back garden. She chased it round the
garden pond. Then the cat climbed up a tree and couldn't get down. So Miss Lundeen
went to the phone and rang the firemen. Ten minutes later they arrived. The firemen took a
ladder off the fire engine. They then carried it through the hall and the kitchen and into
the back garden. One of the firemen climbed up the tree, then along a branch towards
the cat. Felix moved onto another branch! But twenty minutes later the fireman climbed
down with Felix in his arms. Just as the fire engine was leaving, Felix ran past Miss
Lundeen and jumped over the garden fence. The cat then ran across the road and under
the wheels of the fire engine. Fortunately, the driver could stop in time.

A. Read the paragraphs and answer the questions orally.

1. Why is Benjamin called a homeless?

2. Does his pet live with him?
3. Where does he get his food from?
4. How long hasn't he slept in a bed?
5. Why did Miss Lundeen want to catch Felix?
6. Who helped to get the cat down the tree?
7. Do you think the cat was fortunate?

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B. New words.

B.1. Find the word in the readings that matches with the definitions.

1. cheap _______________________
2. an area in or near a town when people
live poorly _______________________
3. to run after somebody or something _______________________
4. a small restaurant that serves cheap meals
and gives free coffee _______________________
5. gets up _______________________
6. at daybreak _______________________
7. remaining food _______________________
8. a part of a tree that grows upwards from
the trunk _______________________
9. a portable tool made of wood or metal for
reaching high places _______________________
10. a small area of still water in a garden. _______________________
11. a container for garbage _______________________

B.2. Choose all the possible answers.

1. We can have lunch in a …………………………..

restaurant snack diner snack bar
2. Don't throw away the banana peel in the …………………………..
street wastepaper basket garbage can trash can
3. He was sleeping when the tremor started so he ……………………….. in a hurry.
got up got out of bed arose jumped into bed
4. We didn't need to cook last Sunday, we ate all the …………………………..
remains leftovers litter crumbs
5. The police are going behind the robbers tracks. They have been ………………………….. them for some
time.
hunting chasing pursuing running after
6. Susan loves getting up at ………………………….. to exercise.
dawn daybreak sunrise dusk
7. How lovely! This ………………………….. has had a lot of progress in the last 10 years.
village district dead-end town shanty town
8. Look at those ducklings. Aren't they beautiful? They are swimming in the …………………………..
lake puddle pond river
9. My father got a ………………………….. to reach the top of the shelf and rescued the kitty.
stairs stepladder ladder stool
10. I bought this rug at a ………………………….. store downtown.
low-price cut-price cheap cut down

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Let's Learn
A. What do these sentences have in common?
…in the trash can… …since 2004… …on his birthday… …at night…
…out of the kitchen… …round and round… …through the hole… …into the backyard…

GRAMMAR BOX

1. PREPOSITIONS OF PLACE:
 IN: In general it is used to talk about an enclosed or surrounded area: buildings,
tents, boxes, cages, car, taxi, etc.
In expressions like: in the bank, in the street, in a square, in the air, in the city, in the country,
in the North, in the South, in the corner (indoors), in prison, in school, in hospital, in the
newspaper, in the picture, in the middle row, in the home, in the back of a car.
 ON: In general it is used to talk about a horizontal or vertical surface: on the floor, on the front
page, on the walls.
In expressions like: on the shore, on the north bank of the River Mississippi, on the west coast of
Peru, on the phone, on the computer, on television, on the right, on the left, on the other side,
on the corner, on the coast, they live on Palm Street, on an island.
 AT: In general it is used when we talk about a particular point: at the bottom / at the top of a hill, at
the end of the road, at the front / at the back of the house, at the traffic lights, at the airport, at
the garage, at home, they live at 89, Palm Street.
Outside, inside, behind, in front of, above, over, near, round, opposite.

1. PREPOSITIONS OF TIME:
 IN: in the morning, in October, in Summer, in 2008, in the 21st century, in the 1980s, in a few
minutes, in about 23 hours, in time.
nd th
 ON: on Monday, on her birthday, on the 22 , on October 15 , on the morning of Monday
September 14th, on Christmas Day, on time, on the last day of the month, on Easter Sunday,
on Monday morning, on the weekend, on weekends.
 AT: at midday, at night, at midnight, at noon, at dawn, at dusk, at the end of the month, at
breakfast, at the moment, at 6 o'clock, at the beginning of, at that time, at Christmas, at
Easter.
NO PREPOSITIONS: We rarely use in – or – at before the words: every, next, this, last, that, all, any,
some, each, one.
But we do not use before: the day after tomorrow, yesterday, the day before yesterday.

2. PREPOSITION OF MOVEMENT:
above, across, along, away from, below, by, down, from, for, into, out of, onto, over, off, outside, past,
round, through, throughout the time, to, towards, up, until, under.
Expression: We can join some of these prepositions with 'and': round and round, up and down, in and out of,
on and off, to and from.

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B.1.Complete the description of the picture, using in, on or at.

A. (1) _____ the picture Deborah is (2) _____ work. She's sitting (3) _____ her desk (4) _____ her office. She's
(5) _____ the phone. She's got a pen (6) _____ her hand. There is a plant (7) _____ the right of her desk. (8)
_____ the middle of her desk there is a computer. There is a graph (9) _____ the screen. There is a report (10)
_____ her desk. (11) _____ the top of the page there is the headlines 'Sales Figures'. There is a calendar (12)
_____ the wall. There are several files (13) _____ the shelf behind her. Her bag is (14) _____ the floor. Her
coat is hanging (15) _____ the door. (16) _____ the open drawer of the filing cabinet there are several files.
There is a book (17) _____ top of the filing cabinet.

What kind of prepositions did you use in Deborah's description?

B. Complete this text about Jimi Hendrix using in, on or at or no word at all.

(1) _____ the !960s Jimmy Hendrix was a rock superstar. He was
born (2) _____ 1945 in Seattle, USA. (3) _____ the middle of the 60s
he formed his own band – The Jimmy Hendrix Experience. (4) _____
July, 1967 he had his first hit with the song 'Hey Joe'. He was the star
of the Woodstock Festival (5) _____ the summer of 1969. He died of a
th
drug overdose (6) _____ May 16 , 1970. (7) _____ the time he was
building a big new recording studio in New York. (8) _____ the
moment it seems that Jimmy Hendrix will still be influencing rock
music (9) _____ the 21st century.

What kind of prepositions did you use in this description?

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C. Look at the numbered diagrams and complete the text, using prepositions of movement. (Observe carefully the
green arrows).

1 2 3 4 5

8
6 7 9 10

12 13 14
11

15
16

Raul went for a ride on his mountain bike. He rode (1) ___________ a path until he came to a very steep hill. He
started to ride (2) ___________ the hill, but soon he had to get (3) ___________ his bike and walk. At the top of the
hill got back (4) ___________ his bike and rode (5) ___________ the other side. He then went (6) ___________ a
big lake. He rode (7) ___________ an old ruin by the side of the lake. He then came (8) ___________ the river. He
couldn't get (9) ___________ the river at this point. Fortunately there was a bridge a few hundred meters away, and
he rode (10) ___________ the bridge.
He was hot so he decided to have a swim.
He dived (11) ___________ the river, swam (12) ___________ the bridge a couple of times and then swam back
(13) ___________ the place where he'd left his bike. He continued his ride. He went (14) ___________ a tunnel. It
was long and dark and he rode carefully (15) ___________ the light he could see at the end. When he came (16)
___________ the tunnel, he found it was raining, so he rode quickly home.

Let's Speak
Get in pairs and ask questions with Where, When, How about yourselves.
Check your partner use the correct preposition.

Let's Have Fun

A. Read this word aloud: BETWEEN, it has two syllables BE – TWEEN, the
stress is in the second syllable. The second syllable is 'heavier'.

BE
TWEEN

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Here are fourteen more words. Put them onto the correct scales.

MI
OVER MIA
TOWARS ABOVE ACROSS AMONG

BEHIND ONTO UNDER BEFORE

OUTSIDE

AFTER
THROUGHOUT INSIDE INTO

B. PHRASAL VERBS

CUT OFF

Paul was talking to Dorothy on the phone. Suddenly they

couldn't hear each other.
What happened?
What are they doing? The operator cut them off.
Do they look happy? Why? Have you ever had problems with the telephone service?
Why?

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COME UP WITH

The Smiths' Co. was having problems with its

Is there a difficult situation?
What do you think is happening with the sales?
C. IDIOMS
sales until Tom Johnson came up with a great
idea and eventually, the sales went up.
Do you usually come up with suggestions to help
your friends?

ON ICE GET UP ON THE WRONG

SIDE OF THE BED

- We've been working for ages. I'm worn out.

- What's the matter with Dorothy today?
- Yeah! I'm kind of hungry. Let's put it on ice and
She started shouting from the moment
have something to eat.
she stepped into the office.
- I don't know. She doesn't usually act that
What does on ice mean? way at all. I guess she got up on the
Put a check ( ) in the correct box. wrong side of the bed.
keep something frozen.
set aside for future use. What does get up on the wrong side of the
bed mean?
Put a check ( ) in the correct box.
wake up in a bad mood.
Let's act it out! wake up in pain.

Get in pairs and make up mini dialogs using the phrasal verbs and idioms above.

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 LESSON 23

The Peruvian Paso

A. Read and reorder the paragraphs. (Use numbers from 1 - 5)

th rd
After a long wait and against all discouraging forecasts from September 17 to September 23 the venue
of Mamacona was the epicenter of overflowing optimism: The quality of the breed is maintained in a very
high standard and it was proved that the passion for the Peruvian Paso Horse strengthens the unity of
Peruvians in difficult moments.

The Gala had two luxury guests. First was, Cecilia Bracamonte who riding a mare and with the rhythm of
a woman in love, sang euphorically “Jose Antonio”, the popular waltz of Chabuca Granda. And the main
show was the couple made up by the first voice of Peru, Arturo “El Zambo” Cavero accompanied by Mr.
Oscar Aviles, at the time the first national guitar. They sang together “Y se llama Peru”, that parallel hymn
that every proud Peruvian knows by heart. What was the result? Tremendous, touching, lots of tears, the
public standing singing the National anthem in a loud voice, fluttering thousands of red and white flags.

On March 2007, a few weeks before the 62nd Official National Show of the Peruvian Paso Horse, bad
news hit like a big bucket of cold water for the majority of people in Peru and around the World. The
Agrarian Sanity Service detected in Cieneguilla an outbreak of equine estomatitis (gums inflammation)

Perhaps the peak during the week of the National Show was lived during the two nights prior to the
Closing. In total, 180 people on stage, 20 musicians, 30 horses, 5,000 spectators and two hours of
intense Peruvian art, gave life to what has been a classic for the past five years: The Gala Night of the
Peruvian Paso Horse.

In addition to being a symbol, the Peruvian Paso Horse is an animal linked to the agrarian activity;
therefore it has sanitary and veterinary priorities, that cannot be overlooked. That is how the thousands
aficionados and breeders who had made reservations and accommodations to be present in
Mamacona, understood it. Some had more time to prepare themselves, others unfortunately, had to give
up and postpone their participation for the following year.

Neither the several months' delay due to the risk of an epidemic, nor the August earthquake
affected the quality of the 62nd Official National Show of the Peruvian Paso Horse, an event
which now more than ever was consecrated to the unity of all Peruvians

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A.1. Answer these questions orally.

nd
1. What happened before the beginning of the 62 National Show of the Peruvian Paso Horse?
2. What did the aficionados and the breeders have to do?
3. Why is Mamacona important?
4. How long after did the National Show take place?
5. When was the highlight of the week?
6. Who was the most important guest?

B. New words.

B.1. Fill in the blanks using the words from the box.

forecast - hymn - discourage - venue - anthem - bucket - outbreak - overflow

aficionados - waltz - equine - overlook - gums - spectators - close ending

1. The _________________ for the next Peruvian Paso Horse Show is included in the invitation.
2. I'll _________________ your mistake this time, but be careful.
3. Brushing regularly keeps your _________________ healthy.
4. The company's annual sales _________________ will be shown in the next chart.
5. What Daniel said didn't _________________ me.
6. An _________________ of food poisoning led to the deaths of five people.
7. I'm filling the _________________ to wash the car.
8. The Rolling Stones' song 'Satisfaction' became an _________________ for a generation.
9. There was a lot of sadness among the _________________ after knowing the bad news.
10. The river had _________________ its banks.
11. The Blue Danube' is the most popular _________________ danced by newly weds.
12. Donkeys belong to the _________________ group.
13. The choir sang a beautiful _________________ during the Sunday mass.
14. During the Peruvian Paso Horse Show the _________________ stood up and gave rounds of applause.
15. The chairman brought the meeting to a _________________ by thanking everyone for their hard work.

B.2. Check ( ) the correct word according to its definition.

1. A type of animal / plant especially one that people have kept, such as cats, dogs and farm animals.
breath breed
2. An adult female horse.
mare stallion
3. The most important, interesting, or enjoyable part of something.
lighter highlight
4. To make something stronger.
strengthen stretch
5. Very great comfort and pleasure, like the one you get from expensive houses, cars.
luxury luxurious

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6. A regular pattern of sounds or movements.
rhyme rhythm
7. To reach the highest point or level. MIA
MI

peck peak
8. The place where an event happens.
stage scenery
9. Feeling pleased with your achievements, family, country, etc.
fond of proud of
10. Someone who produces plants or animals with particular qualities.
breeder farmer
11. To wave or move gently in the air.
flutter flatter
12. Feeling extremely happy often for a short time.
euphoric hilarious

Let's Learn
A. What do these sentences have in common?
…the quality of the breed…
…the rhythm of a woman in love…
…an outbreak of equine…
…the national Show of the Peruvian Paso Horse…
GRAMMAR BOX

ARTICLES: a – an – the
1. Before a noun which is mentioned for the first time and represents no particular person
or thing. We use a / an.
- They live in _____ apartment.
- Take _____ break.
2. Before a noun which represents a specific group of people, animals or things. We can use a / an or the.
- _____ dolphin is _____ intelligent animal.
- _____ car is faster than _____ bike.
3. Before Mr. / Mrs. / Ms. / Miss + last name, when we refer to someone unknown. We use a.
- _____ Mrs. Johns wants to see you.
4. Before names of seas, oceans, rivers, channels / canals, coasts, deserts, countries or regions (plural),
groups of islands, mountain ranges. We use the.
- _____ Mediterranean. - _____ Panama Canal.
- _____ English Channel. - _____ Andes.
5. With buildings: cinemas, theaters, museums, galleries, pubs, restaurants, hotels, institutions, etc. We use
the.
- _____ Alcazar cinema. - _____ Municipal theater.

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GRAMMAR BOX

6. With names of families and nationalities (when we refer to the whole family or nation).
We use the.
- _____ Simpsons. - _____ Dutch. - _____ Japanese.
The is optional with nationalities ending in “s”
(the) Peruvians, (the) Greeks, (the) Australians.
7. With newspapers, ships, services, organizations. We use the.
- _____ Guardian. - _____ New York Times.
8. With adjectives referring to classes of people. We use the.
- _____ old. - _____ blind. - _____ educated.
9. With titles (not accompanied by proper names). We use the.
- _____ Queen. - _____ King. - _____ Prince of Spain.
But Queen Beatriz of Holland, Princess Margaret.
10. With historical events or references. We use the.
- _____ Greek Revolution. - _____ American Civil War.
But World War II.

Omission of Article
When we speak in general.
 Children need love and affection.
The children at this school need more control and discipline.
 Love is an amazing feeling.
The love for my parents is immeasurable.
 I don't like eating cheese but the cheese you invited me last night was tasty.
English is easy to learn. However, the English spoken in Australia is difficult to understand.

B.1. Complete the following with: a / an / the / (-) if an article is not necessary

Not just (1) _______ cup of (2) _______ tea.

 (3) _______ tea is (4) _______ evergreen plant. It was accidentally discovered by (5) _______ Emperor
(6) _______ Shen Nung of (7) _______ China. Whylst on (8) _______ trip, he was boiling (9) _______
pot of water when (10) _______ tea leaf fell into it.

 (11) _______ British Sailors, returning from (12) _______ Far East, brought packets of (13) _______ tea
back (14) _______ home as presents for their relatives.

 (15) _______ poor were prepared to pay as much as (16) _______ third of their weekly wage to have
(17) _______ tea.

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B.2. Complete this telephone conversation, using the where necessary.

“Hi! This is Peter. We met at (1) _______ party at (2) _______ Roxy's house on (3) _______ Saturday.
Remember?”
“Oh, yes. I remember”
“Are you free this evening? There is a good band playing at (4) _______ National Museum”
“Sounds interesting. Yes, OK. But I can't get there before (5) _______ 9 o'clock at (6) _______ earliest. I
haven't had (7) _______ dinner yet.”
“That's OK. I can pick you up and we can go by (8) _______ car. Where do you live?”
“In (9) _______ Javier Prado Av. Do you know it?”
“I'm afraid not.”
“Take (10) _______ first turning on (11) _______ right after (12) _______ bridge.”
“Is that next to (13) _______ National Library?”
“That's right. Then take (14) _______ second turning on (15) _______ left. That's (16) _______ Javier
Prado Av.”
“OK, I´ll see you (17)_______ later”

Let's Speak
Get in groups and talk about different Peruvian festivities.

e.g.

Marinera festival Cockfight

Bullfighting Lord of Miracle Procession

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Let's Have Fun

1 knee 6 elbow 11 tail

2 hock 7 hoof 12 pommel

3 saddle 8 mane 13 muzzle

4 belly 9 reins 14 girth

5 10 15
stirrup saddle-flap forelock

Which of these words can be used for humans?

B. PHRASAL VERBS

CHEER UP

How does he look? Jack was feeling unhappy, but he cheered

What do you think is happening? up when he heard the good news about
nd
Can you help him? the PPH. And went to the 62 National
Show.
How?
Cheer up means:

become rich
become happy
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BREAK DOWN

Does this man look discouraged? The bad news about the serious inflammation
What could have happened to him? that the PPH had got broke down the
Have you ever looked like that? feelings of most Peruvians.
Break down means:

lose emotional control

HORSE OF A DIFFERENT COLOR lose your ideas

KICK THE BUCKET

Erika likes to play jokes on her friends, but she makes It's been said that the old man knew of a
sure that nobody is hurt by any of her pranks. A prank buried treasure, but he kicked the bucket
that hurts someone is a horse of a different color. before telling anyone where it was.

What does a horse of a different color mean? What do you think kick the bucket means?
Put a check ( ) in the correct box. Put a check ( ) in the correct box.

quite a different matter. keep a secret forever

quite a difficult situation die

Let's act it out!

Get in pairs and make up mini dialogs using the phrasal verbs and idioms above.

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