DATE

r HEm 3L: QUALITATIVE AnD GuAnTIT ATIVE CHEmisTRY LABORYTORy

ACTIVITY O5: AnTACID AnALYSIS

o8TECIveSApply bac titration as an analythical technique

.Perçorm tirimetric analysic op on antacid cample.

Closs no. NAmE 7 - 5 - 23 7- G- 29 7--23

35 nabuo, Jaen
Darius A.

Ngayodan,
Bionca morie
O.
7 ninalag a,
Elkah Roe

E.

Pable
Jesscmine
Gail S.
9
Pamisaran,
maria

Eleanor V.

Pandilo
Erick Tohn.
R

|Pangcniben,
maxeene C.

42
Ponti, Venus
Liria R.

40
 DATE

PROcEDU2ES:

A. PREPARATION OF THE ANTACID SAMPE

antacid somple tablet, pulverize anc lor qrind

the antocic fablet with mortor Snd pestle. Meosuve
and re Cord the mss Flask. Aod
more than 0.2
Erlenmeqer
the pulvenized Commerci
antacid or. 0.2 oF a lquid antocid) to the lock then
measu e record the Combined mass.

?. Pipet 250m oF a01 M HCI saluhon (stmsch ocicl

CquivYlent) int the Flask and swr l (in case oe toblet
sample 6wirl to dissolve) Worm the soluton to o veny
gente boil and maintin the heat For orounol 7 minte
to emve dissolved CO, over direct
lame with
swir ling
gantle indicoor. t-9 drps bomocreso/
F he seluthon is blue Pipet
2ddi honYl 10.0 ml 0. 1 M HCI ino the solution
and boilagain Pepeot neces Sa
nhil the solution hrns inh oint yellow color
Record the f tol Uolume Hcr thot is dded to
the antocid.

3.
Trepare uo dnto cid Somples in oigrerent
steps 7-2.
pbsks folouing
B. 77R|METRIC AuALY SIS OF DHE PREPARED ANTA CID
SAMPLE

1. Prepore clean buret Rinse the clean buret with

3-5 mnl portons the standor cized Na OH
So luhipn Act 04. See to it ol in the
Na0H Dor pepared
hions Vsed (0 rincing through the
Fill the buret With the Noog Soly hon be suLe no
Qir bubbles re the buret tio. Wit Seuónds,
41
 DATE

then resd and e cord its inifol volume Certiin

diqitt plws
plos oyne Uncertain
digit
2. Once the bncid soluhon has Cooled tate the
somple with the Va0H soluton Faint blve
erdpoint Wotch close the cndpoint m3y appe 2r only
Few millimeters titrant, olepending on the
Concentotion antocic in the sample
the
When Single dnp op NaOH soluhon chanes
the somp le Solu 'on prom yellous to blve, tp then
I0- |3 Seonds. Rea and record He En
volume the Solwion in the byret.

3. Reçill the buret Dnd epest stegs -2 forr your

Seoondtial Do the 6me for your third tial.

EQUIPMENT
Morr Peste
Erlen meytr Flask
Analysol! Balance
Grodeated Cy lin cler
PTsteur Pipette
Bunsen Burner
Ion Sfnd
6au2eoke
BUret

42
 DATE

BRIEF DESORIPTION AND SKETUH OF THE SeT up

APreparohon of artaad sample

0,2 antaid t 25m HA warm to a aentle boil for I min

while suwirling

add bromocresol green indicatur

and adjwt color with 10m Ha if
blue color is observed

B. Tiirahon setup

boil water and cool rog m D Khanti NaOH

temperoture for NaOH prfp irand: ntacidt Hcl sol

43
 DATE

BALANCED CHEMICAL EQVAJ1NG

MaoH, +1HCl Mg Cle +tao
Al (oth +JHCI AlCls + 3H,O
Ma Clh t 2 Na0H ’ MalOH),4 2Nacl
Co HnO4 Si, + #CI +Kla8H Co Hie OyS, + Nacl +teo

MODIFICADNS

CAVNoNS AND SAETY cONCEeNs

NaoH Sodium Hydroyide - is inhale d, it may cay st dam age to
prudu na
from mild nost iMitohon to nemonits. f ingrste ,
may Cause Seyere dam aat tD mo CoUs mtmoyanes:
Severe SCar fom athOn or per{ Or aìon MaY 0CCur. t
also ca0se eve damaoe
HC) CauSts Skin bUrns ana
eve dam aGe and KnDwn touc 1f inhaled
Maanesium tyabcid e - i+ is salio to be narwfu l 1f
ano in naied It maN oavst an alievac Sin
reachon or skin irrHaion, alsO can be Cavse
¡mtahon
CoteO, Si Simetti cone flmn ao le and Can cause imtafon

DATA
DATA FOR PREPARATION OE THE ANTAGI) SAMPLE
TRIAL 4 TRIAL 2. TRIAL 3
4. Mass dt
tadk (3)
M3.7A4 A0t.644
Haskt t.904 47 45 a
antadd
 DATE

0.214
LTHal vdume
50 nL 35 mb

Molar
0.4 mollL

DATA FØR MOLAR GONGENTRATIJN OE AN AAD s0LMTION.

TRIAL 4 TRIAL 2. TRIÀL 3
4.Mdar
0.45 molL

2.Burt
0.4 mL 0.01 mL 0. 04 mL
initidal.)
a.buret
Ndaang, 23.9 m 49 7.8 m

4.Nlume o 23.99 m. 7.3 m

S*40-mal 5&40ml 3.5310ml

NaOH 3.56 *40md 3.73*40 ml

Mdest
ase in
atadd AI(OH),=4.22:40- mdl |AOH),=7.H40-ml

4s
 DATE

mol baseinin Mqlo), Ma{o

amocid
thass
antacid A\OH) JAOH),=
Sample 2.25 * 0 molla 2.04140* molla
(al)
mdl base in
artads
mass Al(OH),= 2.7 *40*° mella
antacid
samyle

Table 4(paae 4-45) Qresets the data fer prepanahen ot the mtacid amle. This
inclwdosthe mass the lask, mass d theadk+ anttacd sat, ma3s the anta
ád sample,total volume ot the Hal added,and the mlar cancentnatien t A.The
Haske vsed tor eah tial have diHenent mass.In terns dthe maes dd Hhe anta
ádsemple, trials Aand 2have similar mass at 0.244 while tial3 has maes ot
0.24 The total vdume d NA added is dso sinmilar at tials and1 vitha

Tabe 2(ps9es 45-46) presents the data ton molar cancentnatin o an acd aduhan.
Al Ltrials have iritiuil buret neadin oh 04ml.In terms ot te tital buiret Mading,
he salwes sary with triale4and haing olose Nalwe at 239 and 249 respahe,
while tha 3 has avalwe ot t.6 ml.The chae ketween the valwe tials and.
and tril3is caeed hthe diterenee the total velume ct Ba added to the tlak.
mdles oeoinartagd l ma0s dt antaid ample and ite NeNage tn the three
Arials.
 Wol
DATE
HOl
32
ambl mL mL
o/mol L
m
7
=O.21 o.21 24 29
o04 O.2a 2. 24. 7. total
46
amol
: HGI
m
|000
78. : Ha
mt
l000
SamplL 1L
Hel
107.
GAa
O.o1
m add
ed
- NaH
Usgd m
Haanasium
hydromde
hudOxiaa
Auminum238 OO
nutroie
Sodium
aclA
Huydrochorie Antaad
oHass l.
-
a42 -
Volome
of 24-4
m 7.8
mL Holes
oF
Simetcone m
23.4
Trial
2 1Trial Trlal
2
a
3Trial 15 3Trial
SIS Trial
2 1Trlal Triat
LY I7.
ANA
PATA
 DATE

Holas o NooH added, 40 tal

Trial 1

|L NaH 15 mol Na
\b00mh Nab Nao

Trial 2

016 mol NoaO

Tial
0. 15 mol aoH
74mt

samp

Ha (oH)2
that ractrd with NaoH
molers of HC

mel

. noles hat rtatua with Ma(oH)a

5x(0 mol HCI |.4105 x1o mol HCI

2 mol He

A (ow),
a
Hel 4hot rCactud wh Na OH

He

Ha tht raactaa with A(oH)a

3. 583 xio mol HC l.4105x (0 mo\ Hel
mol

| mol AT(OH
t416xtmo Hc 3 mol He

| ma HCI
A mol NaH

48
 DATE

b. moles F HC ho racted witth MaloH),

nol Hc - 3.733 XImol HCI > |.2005 xlo mol C

t. 2tt9Sxmot H | mol a (oH)2

2 mo) Hcl

Al (O4)
4ho r a ctuoa with NaoH

HCI
mol NaGu
| mol Nab

moles hat va tea with Al(OH)

2.7925 xI6 mol He)

3 m HCI

Ma (ou)a
a. mDles

| mol Hel
| mol NaoH
ttb8b omet Het

HI thas vvactec with na (ou)2

mol HeI - 2.313 yo mol HCI

mol Maq(oH)a
2 mol

Al (OH)
a. molera

| mol Hel

va tud with Al (OH)

3.5x9mo HeI mol HCA = 2.13 xo mol Hc)

AL(OHD,
9mol

l base ct antacia Sample

mocs oF amacda came

Ha (oH),

44
 DATE

O21 a antadd

Al (DH)

A. 721 G 0 7 X (o mol AI (OH)

O21 a antacld

Trtal 2

mol

A(OH,
mol Al(oH),
0- 21 a tncia

Tria

Mg (oula

A(oH)
mo AI (0H) o44mo
O
-2 o aaid

mass 6c antadd cample

Ma (oH4
mol

mal

A\ (OH),

4. 144443t

Mass o hae n atadd eampc

 DATE

amocid

AI( OH)

| mol A (0H)

.090890%01 a A(oH) A (Ou)

Triol 2

hylow),
0-2la outacia -0 .09 oa314 a Ma (oH)

A (OH)

AI(OH)

Mo (oH)

02 a cntau

0.2o ctau d - 0-0Vo 22t 8U1

54
 DATE

FRROR ANALyS IS
Residues in the Erlenme yer flosk
-The iresdes in the EHenMeyer tlask in aur exyoinent resut from the incomplete
deskhion cf pouckred ortacid tabeks, partialaly konit S,as oU antacid ued, Durng
the pepution cf the atacd sangle the pauder did not fuly dssdue ith the Hcl
scloticn clen ctter waning he souhan and bringing to agente beil epie trablestochng

te net ngredients in te tabkt The undissoled ingedient ofected the carty of the
solvhicn, eauhng Le attnie cheneton demn hhation.
Ertors n bol ing te solston
-During cr egerinents, we ehcountertd most of our emes in the boiling procass
wth the diect fane, incldeg te omatn ot to much moistue in te Hask and boling
tuice asoluhin. Instad of disang the antzcd complekle we taled in cur gtrd tnal
in the dissaling procss.
CRITICISMs oF PROCEDURES
DuHhcuty in dentlyng onedpart
rcordirg of olme, nensorernehts Qrd calculatons accurately The endpants for our three
trias are less duinct than our pieviaus direct ttratons, based on the color at the end
whre Some ak blue uth traces oh light qreen, The endpant is subjedve die ta te subte
shades of oUh tesults on three tras.

RE^ULTS AND DIsCUSSiONS

to the qathered coto and tesults ol smples were

According
Qiven th¹ SOme Omount back htant (sodiu m hydride
and indicator ( brombCres0l qreen) but were diver sipied in
terms tne excess ieachnt Chydrchlon'e gcid) doe to
dipening aim unts the mass oF ark mo dest Omount
ontacid bue the
soluhon when the indicatbr Was added. Both thalA
tial
Ond tial 2 q1v en 50 mL oF HCI,but vared
sliahtla the Aal buret eading, hich 23.4 mL
tal 1 and 24 4 mL Nao pr tol 2
 DATE

for tial 3, 0 ml HCI Was added wth Firol buret

7.0 mL Na OH. all the tiols tial
Rading most jdeal
Among
reson tht he
3 was clue to the
an tocid Was able to clissolve Comple fely. The color of
the expecte d chrmoke pmpert which is pale blve
soluhon obsened. The amount both bases n the
So luion W Os cle voed prom molhiple calcy laton
First, We need determine the amout HCl +hat
reDcted wth Na0H. This mount the subtacted

Fom
the tots amount HCI addecd t fhe soluh'on
the Omoont HC( that NeDcted with bae
both bases. sing the mole nela h'enship between HC
and e ch base present the SDmple

Back titrah on opter egfered f as reverse htrhon is

the or conce ntabon
method Vsed
quan tpy quoatity
anolate 6Ymp le is espeiahy
When standord htra tion hethod Connot be
holp pol
btate the
V6ed direc tly eaolilg
employed when the direct fitationog an Qn lyte /s
not Feosible due to vonous re as on s, SUch as the nalytes
slow Hea chon with the fihent interperence Frm other
Substnces Or When the Dnalyte is present in
mixtore Back ollows for incne ct
Complov
deter miahon the onaly te s Concenta born.

redent must be odded in excessS

Knlwn Con cen toion back itrohon in order Ar
the anlytettrted sDMple te ves pond The excesS
reagent is with ditgeront knou n conCentahon
•nother eoaent cal d the bo ck titrant whon
the e ch on betw een the excess reo qent and the back
pinished the voleme OF the
ttant has
back itront reqyí red the adlihons
the pmount Or Concenta hoo the aalyte con
be oleter mined
53
 DATE

Jhere mmjor Compsnents back titrot'on. First

the •nalyte which the sobstonce whose
Con centah'on be leter mined. The omlyte vsed por
the
Kremil -S- sntacid comple . Second
the titont which
excess the additonl
oF btant that is a dded the sticbie mebi'c
beyon c
amount eqvired to e dot with the analy te in a b¡ck
htaton. The exta ttont mYkes SUe that the analqte
and ttant ROct Ga reomp cts
letely Becovse the amount
excess itant thot With the anlyte
portaoat to the inital Dmount excesS htnt added,
the exess
htont fFers method
for ingdirectly
eeimahing, the 2nalyte 'a Concentathion . De Hycochlon c
nc) u tized io this expen'ment ws
Cx cess eaotnt .

The bock htont Follwed next. AE ter the

Hhe ?nlyte is pinighed the ept 0yer exce Ss titront is
htated
Vcing eDqent with knowo Concen taton
The eXces s thant and On rea Cted
analyte kea ct
the bo ck %tant . Jn this experment, sodm
hy drxide (Na oH) b vhlized s the back bitant.

Lost bt not e least, Accord nq Pob chem BromoCre sol

4reen has be en vsed in lbumio cleternintos
pH indic àtr The endpoint
the
1hahon the porint at which the e chon between
the Dnalyte and hrant deemed camplete,
determined the Use On indicatr. Near the
*Q0ivalence poirt Whese the steichiome hically cunpas ble
2mounts
20alyte ttrnt have interacted, the
indicotor expemencs dis cermble co on shipt
pnother vicible change Bromo Q:esol qreen incli cotes_the
equi valence point hen it eoche s
5.4. Tbe end poit 0siag this indicator is &qbafed
by Faint blve opernnce oF the soluhion Skoog West
54
 DATE

Holler 9 Crovch, 2022)

Accorcling to Burgot
Burgot et. l (qa, Titah'ons are
suallyperFormed with
aqveous sadium hy choxide
so luion Sodiom hydroxide is o wbite, cyslline,
odor lessSubstncec thot raws moistre the

otmosphere . It is Creted subs tance. It Fe leoses

sighipicaot Dmount hast when clíssolved In Uo ter
neutali2ed with acid , which Coold be enouqh to
ignte Combos%ble
objects POb Chem, nd. )

meanwhile, Hyclrchlen'c Dei'd Soluon colorless

wateng iguid w)th shàrp , im tahng odor (Pobchem, a),
lons (4 t) when
Stong 2ads npidly
dissolved in
qive hycaqon
wter and hydnchlon'c One

those- Due to its Pote nt aade noture it co n

sucCesspally with o boses and compovde

thot Con Sene baces. This qualipies it
iections V•pous ana lyter tht tequire Jn acidie
medium to prrceed. As excess
htant, hycochlon'e
acid be ba ck
cmplbqed
Con numb er
btoions invduing baroos aralytes . versahle

ophon in chemisny beca use

reobvity nd wIth Gompa fobi lity Vanety OF
compounds
An chemical that reduces Symphms
anto cid
dng
ic Or

herthurn indiqeshon Antoads ep lox by neutol2ing

Com monly kn Dun
exess sto mach acid
|oneing the acidity oF Stomach acid bu
its
|inceasing re cts with ph. theThe hydo ch lon'e dcid ininclocle
the
shmch alaline chemicals d
In antcid. Calciom carbonate M2gnesi um hycide,
Sodium bicar bonate are exDMples oF Qchvejantacid
aybchnces bases that Cn neutali2ead by
Creaina. Wator
 DATE

he pntaa'd Sample Vsed in the expenment war

kem.l -S ta6le+ Accordinq to Unilab (n d), a kemil- s
t6let
hycnxicle 2nd
Contoi'ns alumin m
simethi cone
hudide, ma
which help
magnesiUm
neutn ize
somcb 2id prouiele elie
elieg For bloatednecs
toblet contoins
aluminvm hydxide , 233 mgq maqne sium hyolroy de
ond 30 mg Sime thi Cone.

Aside frm maancsium hydroxide aluminem hy chaxide

Used.
j's also achve
inqedient p the
basic svbstance Whose a cton inuglues
hydrochlon'e acid gastmointeshinal
abnoing
secrehons.
the Present

Incrt ases ph hter miqht prevent epsin

oorking Pob Chem n.d.).

Simefhicone is silicon compound that cts

non-sys tcmt'c 6UrFOctont which lowers the surFce
tension SF qs in the GI taot, allowing the bo dy
to expel it throuqh Flotulence or belching, However it
does not slaw down the
(Ingold, CJ., 9 AKhon di H 020). maahes ium hydroxide,
Dlumingm hydxi de Dad Cimethi cone Sten in the
Firt three cayakons thot recte d with huclochlsne aid
Found in the ndad used in the "xpenm ent
pre ingredie nts
chlon de aluminum Chlunde Ond
Thece yielded magnesim
Simethicone with sodium chlonde espechve ly, An which
olco had woter their
the ttion the next 3 eqveto ng stowed haw
sodium Shrong bacere ctswhen addec to the
trond the nbid hCI Soluhon. As a tesu +
Maapesivm chlside Ond luminum dhlonde bth resultedAmagnestum
these lso had sodlium
Meonwhi le, AO nouces codivm chlonde
50
 DATE

and water when t ets uith the sodum hydrgi de toluhion.

CONCLUS|ONS

Bac.- titrati ok is a method of de termining the awnount ur concen

an analute
raton of an (ample whtn dirert titration ít vot pocsi ble. 1he
|analute uSed in ins experimtnt, Lremil s, containi magnesiwn hycdroad
aluminum hroxide and gimcthiCone. The CxceSS havt used was hudiro
chlon aac' and the back titrant was sodium hydroxite. Additional
HC waS added in cach trial after puttvg avi ndiC,ator brbynoeso
to detormine he titration't endpoiut
The third trial Nas consi dertd to be he most idta as ihe Dn
Cny bna
|tacd was comple telu dissolwed and the color of the xpoctay
propertiy Was boserved: a pale plye Solutjova. Calnlations were
eCNfomed þased on the amownt of HO reacted with Naot. in summan
both the neutralzati on and doublt displaceent reactiant Can he
lobserved in the chemicel eqyuah ons used jm the xpwext
Dverallback- titration is a uitalde meingd for quartuina
analute concentvathoms in antaad sanples nthe phawma eui cal
|fieldit is also used to deter mine 1he concentrat on ot speaio
ingrediemts to provide minimal but effectve treatnent to
| avd Yeduce wiecessoy arg Use.

REFERENCES
Buwaot, G Autfret & Bwgot, J L. (1947). Detemination bf acetawai
ophen bus thernnomttne tiirmetry. Aalutio en Chimia Aot 3
(0'2) 125 -128. https l|doi. orgljP. 1D |sC003 -1410(0)b0%1s -7

Lnk nok sscAg7

PubChey (ad n-d- a Aluminum hydoxide Aublhem. (thes ll pubchen
ncbË. lm nih.

PulbCnem. (nd. -b) romoort solgreen. fubCh cn. httet:pubchem.ncbi.

52
 DATE

PubChem.(nd-a) hydrochloric acId. pub Chem. httal|pubchewn. hobl.

nlm. nih.aou omound 13

Skoog. D.A. Nest D.M., Holler F-J, 9Gouch sR (2022). fundanen

tals of analgtical chemistry (oncd). cengaze
|inilabo- (n-d). kreml s. htteawww. wnlab com ph<peduct ]eomilc

58