Nursing Informatics - Lecture 03/12/23

INTRODUCTION TO NURSING
INFORMATICS Prelims
Prof. Jett Estioco Trans 1

OUTLINE II. BUILDING BLOCKS OF NURSING INFORMATICS

I. Nursing Informatics II. Building Blocks of
Nursing Informatics Nursing Science Cognitive Science
Computer Science Information Science
I. NURSING INFORMATICS
• Introduction
→ Nurses are expected to provide safe, competent, and
compassionate care in an increasingly technical and
digital environment.
→ A major theme in this new healthcare environment is
the use of information systems and technologies to
improve the quality and safety of patient care.
→ Nurses are directly engaged with information systems
and technologies.
• Nursing Informatics
→ Supports the collection, storage, analysis, retrieval,
communication, and use of information to help nurses
to: A. NURSING SCIENCE
o Care for patients to the highest quality. • Nurses must possess the following skills:
o Share data, knowledge, and information.
→ Technical skills
o Compare theory and practice advance nursing
o To manage equipment and perform procedures.
knowledge and practice.
→ Interpersonal skills
• Importance of Nursing Informatics
o To interact appropriately with people.
→ Ensures that nursing practice is adequately
→ Cognitive skills
represented in HIT development, implementation,
o To observe, recognize, and collect data, analyze
training, and evaluation. It also ensures that HITs are
and interpret data and reach a reasonable
created to support the information needs of nurses to
conclusion that forms the basis of a decision.
provide enhanced patient care.
→ Information-sensitive skills
→ Foundation to all aspects of nursing practice. It is
o Nursing is an information-intensive profession.
important for nurses to obtain comprehensive nursing
• Nursing Science
informatics competencies to remain familiar in using
HITs and reap the benefits HITs provide for nursing → The ethical application of knowledge acquired through
practice and patient care. education research and practice to provide services
and interventions to patients in order to maintain,
→ Enhances clinical decision-making in all nursing roles.
enhance, or restore their health; to advocate for health
Constant access to patient data and information,
and to acquire, process, generate, and disseminate
provided by HITs, has supported nurses and other
nursing knowledge to advance the nursing profession.
health professionals in managing and improving the
health of patients. • Foundation of Knowledge Model
→ “Framework for examining the dynamic
Nursing Informatics Model interrelationships among data, information, and
knowledge used to meet the needs of healthcare
delivery systems, organizations, patients, and nurses.”

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• The Nature of Knowledge
→ Explicit knowledge B. INFORMATION SCIENCE
o Convey with letters, numbers, and words. • Information Science
o Can be shared in the form of data, manuals, → Primarily concerned with the input, processing, output,
product specifications, principles, and policy. and feedback of data and information through
o Example: Nursing model or Theory technology integration with a focus on comprehending
→ Tacit knowledge the perspective of the stakeholders involved and then
o Difficult to transmit, convey, or share with others. applying IT as needed.
o Consists of one’s insights, perceptions, intuitions, → It is systematically based and deals with the big
or gut feelings. picture, rather than the individual pieces of
o Example: one’s values or emotions technology.
• The Nurse as a Knowledge Worker • Information Processing
→ All nurses use data and information. → Information
→ This information is then converted to knowledge. o Data that are processed using knowledge.
→ The nurse then acts on this knowledge by initiating a → Processing
plan of care, updating an existing one, or maintaining o Retrieval, analysis or synthesis of data.
the status quo. o Alteration and transformation of data into useful
→ The term knowledge worker was first coined by Peter information and outputs.
Drucker in his 1959 book, Landmarks of Tomorrow. • Characteristics of the Integrity of Data
o Drucker described a knowledge worker as one → Whole
who has advanced formal education and is able to → Complete
apply theoretical and analytical knowledge. → Correct
o According to Ducker, the knowledge worker must → Consistent data
be a continuous learner and a specialist in a field. • Threats to Data Integrity
→ Knowledge Work → Human error
o Defined as nonrepetitive, nonroutine work that o Incorrect data entry
entails a significant amount of cognitive activity. o Spelling errors
→ Characteristics of Knowledge Worker → Malware
o Knowledge Consumers o Viruses
▪ Mainly users of knowledge who do not have o Worms
the expertise to provide the knowledge they o Spam
need for themselves. o Ransomware
▪ Novice nurses can be thought of as → Machine error
knowledge consumers who use the o Hardware failures
knowledge of experienced nurses or search o Software crashes
information systems for the knowledge
→ Transmission errors
necessary to apply to their practice.
o Connectivity issues
▪ As responsible knowledge consumers, they
o Data corruption
must also question and challenge what is
o Lost data
known to help them and learn and
understand. Their questioning and
C. COMPUTER SCIENCE
challenging facilitate critical thinking and the
development of new knowledge. • Computer Science
o Knowledge Brokers → A valuable tool, when used skillfully, which facilitates
▪ Know where to find information and the acquisition and manipulation of data and
knowledge. information by nurses who then can synthesize the
▪ They generate some knowledge but are data into evolving knowledge and wisdom.
mainly known for their ability to find what is • Components of Computer
needed. → Hardware
▪ More experienced nurses and nursing o Physical body of the computer.
students become knowledge brokers out of ▪ Central Processing Unit
necessity because they need to know (a) Acts as the brain of the computer.
something. (b) Executes and calculates the binary
o Knowledge Generators computer code.
▪ “Primary sources of new knowledge” ▪ Motherboard
▪ They include nursing researchers and (a) Central nervous system of the
nursing experts – the people who know. computer.
▪ They are able to answer questions, craft (b) Facilitates communication among all
theories, find solutions to nursing problems or computer components.
concerns, and innovate as part of their ▪ Power Supply
practice.
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 (a) Gives the electrical energy supply for
the computer to operate.
▪ Random Access Memory (RAM)
(a) A temporary storage system that allows
the processor to access program code
and data while working on a task.
→ Software
o Comprises the application of programs
developed to facilitate various user functions.
▪ OS Software
(a) The most important software in any
computer.

D. COGNITIVE SCIENCE
• Cognitive Science
→ The interdisciplinary field of cognitive science that is
the mind, intelligence, and behavior from an
information processing perspective.
→ Connectionism
o A component of cognitive science that gives us
computer modeling through artificial neural
networks to explain human intellectual abilities.
o Explains how human intellectual abilities work.
→ Epistemology
o The study of the nature and origin of knowledge.

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