➢ Voice অর্ বাচ্য।

থ
➢ Definition: বাক্যের অর্ অপররবরতথ
থ ত ররক্ে শুধুমাএ sentence টির
বলার ধরন পররবতথন যরার জনে তার রে গঠনগত পররবতথন যরা হয়
তাক্য voice change বক্ল।
➢ Voice দুই প্রযার।ের্াাঃ Active voice, passive voice .
➢ Active voice: বাক্যের subject রনক্জ যাজ যরক্ল বাযেটিক্য active
voice বক্ল।
গঠনঃ Subject+verb+object.
Ex: I do the work.
➢ Passive voice: বাক্যের subject রনক্জ যাজ না যরক্ল বাযেটিক্য
passive voice বক্ল।
গঠনঃ Object + auxiliary verb + verb এর past participle(𝑣3 )+ by+
subject.
Ex: The work is done by me.
Active voice রর্ক্য Passive voice করার প্রধান ননয়মঃ
1) Active voice এর object টি passive voice এর subject হক্ব।

2) Be verb রোগ যরক্ত হয়।

Active passive

𝑣1 Be, am, is, are

𝑣2 Was, were

𝑣3 been

ing েুক্ত verb being

3) Main verb এর 𝑣3

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4) Active voice এর subject টি passive voice এর object হক্ব এবং তার
পূক্ব by
থ বসক্ব।

এই structure টি follow যরক্ল রে রযান voice change যরা

োয়।

Example:
Active: He writes a letter.
Passive: A letter is written by him.
Nominative/subjective Objective

I me
We us
You you
He him
She her
They them

It it

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 Tense name Active voice Passive voice
Present indefinite Ooo Am/is/are + 𝑣3

Past indefinite Ooo Was/were + 𝑣3

Future indefinite Shall/will + 𝑣1

Shall/will + be+ 𝑣3

Present continuous Am/is/are +ing েুক্ত verb Am/is/are+ being+ 𝑣3

Past continuous Was/were +ing েুক্ত verb Was/were + being + 𝑣3

Future continuous Shall/will + be + ing েুক্ত verb Shall/will + be + being+ 𝑣3

Present perfect Have/has + 𝑣3 Have/has+been + 𝑣3

Past perfect Had + 𝑣3 Had +been + 𝑣3

Future perfect Shall have/will have+ 𝑣3 Shall have/will have+ been + 𝑣3

Present perfect continuous Has/have + been + ing েুক্ত verb Has/have + been + being+ 𝑣3

Past perfect continuous had + been + ing েুক্ত verb had + been + being+ 𝑣3

will have been + ing েুক্ত

Future perfect continuous verb
will have been + being+ 𝑣3

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➢ Rule:1
a) Present indefinite tense েুক্ত active voice রয passive voice এ রূপান্তর
যরার রনয়ম-

গঠন:
A) Present indefinite tense েুক্ত active voice রয passive voice এ রূপান্তর
যরার রনয়ম
Active: Subject + verb + object
Passive: Object এর subject + am/is/are + verb এর past participle form +
by + subject এর object.
Active: I play football.
Passive: Football is played by me.

Active: They eat rice.

Passive: Rice is eaten by them.
b) Present continuous tense েুক্ত active voice রয passive voice এ
রূপান্তর যরার রনয়ম-
গঠন:
Active: Subject +am/is/are + ing েুক্ত verb + object

Passive:Object এর subject + am being/is being/are being + verb এর past

participle form + by + subject এর object.
Active: I am playing football.
Passive: Football is being played by me.
Active: He is eating rice.
Passive: Rice is being eaten by him.
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c) Present perfect tense েুক্ত active voice রয passive voice এ রূপান্তর
যরার রনয়ম-

গঠন:
Active: Subject +have/has + verb এর past participle form + object

Passive: Object এর subject + have been/ has been + verb এর past

participle form + by + subject এর object.

Active: He has eaten rice.

Passive: Rice has been eaten by him.

Active: I have played football.

Passive: Football has been played by me.

d) Past indefinite tense েুক্ত active voice রে passive voice এ রূপান্তর

যরার রনয়ম-

গঠন:
Active: Subject +verb এর past form + object

Passive: Object এর subject + was/were + verb এর past participle form +

by + subject এর object

Active: I ate rice.

Passive: Rice was eaten by me.
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Active: They played football.
Passive: Football was played by them.

e) Past continuous tense েুক্ত active voice রয passive voice এ রূপান্তর

যরার রনয়ম-

গঠন:
Active: Subject +was/were + ing েুক্ত verb + object

Passive: Object এর subject + was being/were being + verb এর past

participle form + by + subject এর object.

Active: I was eating rice.

Passive: Rice was being eaten by me.
Active: They were catching fish.
Passive: Fishes were being caught by them.
f) Past perfect tense েুক্ত active voice রে passive voice এ রূপান্তর যরার
রনয়ম-

গঠন:
Active: Subject + had + verb এর past participle form + object

Passive: Object এর subject + had been + verb এর past participle form +

by + subject এর object.

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Active: I had eaten rice.
Passive: Rice had been eaten by me.

Active: We had dug the canal.

Passive: The canal had been dug by us.
g) Future indefinite tense েুক্ত active voice রয passive voice এ Voice
Change Rules অনুসাক্র রূপান্তর যরার রনয়ম-

গঠন:
Active: Subject + shall/will + verb + object
Passive: Object এর subject + shall be/will be + verb এর past participle
form + by + subject এর object.
Active: I will eat rice.
Passive: Rice will be eaten by me.

Active: They will play football.

Passive: Football will be played by them.

h) Future continuous tense েুক্ত active voice রয passive voice এ Voice

Change যরার রনয়ম-

গঠন:
Active: Subject + shall/will +be + ing েুক্ত verb + object

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Passive: Object এর subject + shall be being/will be being + verb এর
past participle form + by + subject এর object.
Active: I will be eating rice.
Passive: Rice will be being eaten by me.

Active: They will be playing football.

Passive: Football will be being
i) Future perfect tense েুক্ত active voice রে passive voice এ রূপান্তর
যরার রনয়ম-

গঠন:
Active: subject+shall have/will have + verb এর past participle form + object
Passive: Object এর subject + shall have been /will have been + verb এর
past participle form + by + subject এর object.
Active: I will have eaten rice.
Passive: Rice will have been eaten by me.

Active: They will have caught the fish.

Passive: The fish will have been caught by them.

➢ Rule:2
Modal verb এর active voice রর্ক্য passive voice যরার রনয়ম-

গঠন:
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Active: Subject + modal verb + verb এর base form(𝑣1 ) + object

Passive: Object এর subject + modal verb + be + verb এর past

participle form + by + subject এর object.

Active: I may help you.

Passive: You may be helped by me.

Active: You must do the work.

Passive: The work must be done by you.

Active: We ought to obey our teachers.

Passive: Our teachers ought to be obeyed by us.

Active: We are going to open a shop.

Passive: A shop is going to be opened by us.

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 ➢ Rule:3
Imperative sentence এর active voice রর্ক্য passive voice যরার রনয়ম-

A) Object না র্াযক্ল রযংবা র্াযক্ল passive যরার রনয়মাঃ

Ordered=আক্দশ
Requested
Commanded=আক্দশ
You are + +to+ প্রদও অংশ।
Forbidden=রনরিদ্ধ
Suggested=উপক্দশ
Proposed=প্রস্তাব

Example:
Active: open the door.
Passive: You are ordered to open the door.

Active : wait ,please.

Passive: You are requested to wait .

Active: In, please.

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Passive: You are requested to in.

Active: Never tell a lie.

Passive: You are forbidden to tell a lie.

B) Let এর পর েরদ রযান বেক্তক্তবাচয object (me, us, you, them, him,
her)র্াক্য এবং তা েরদ Imperative sentence হয়, তাক্হক্ল active voice
রর্ক্য passive voice এ Voice Change যরার রনয়ম-

গঠন:
Active: let + বেক্তক্তবাচয object +verb + object
Passive: Let + object এর subject + be + verb এর past participle form +
by + বেক্তক্তবাচয object.
Active: Let me play football.
Passive: Let the football be played by me.
Active: Let us sing a song.
Passive: let a song be sung by us.
C) Never েুক্ত active voice এ passive voice এ রূপান্তর যরার রনয়ম-

গঠন:
Active: Never + verb+ object.

Passive: Let not + object এর subject + ever be + verb এর past participle

form
Active: Never tell a lie.
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Passive: Let not a lie ever be told.
Active: Never do this.
Passive: Let not this ever be done.
D) মূল verb এর পর েরদ রযান বেক্তক্তবাচয object (me, us, you, them,
him, her) র্াক্য এবং তা েরদ Imperative sentence হয়, তাহক্ল active
voice রে passive voice এ Voice Change যরার রনয়ম-

গঠন:

Let + direct object টি ব্সরব্ (মূল verb এর পর েরদ object টি র্াক্য + be

+ verb এর past participle form + for + বেক্তক্তবাচয object
Active: Buy me a shirt.
Passive: Let a shirt be bought for me.
Active: Give me a glass of water.
Passive: Let a glass of water be given to me.

➢ Rule:4
Interrogative sentence েুক্ত active voice রয passive voice রূপান্তর যরার
রনয়ম-

গঠন:
Interrogative sentence রয Assertive sentence এ রূপান্তর যক্র রনক্ত
হক্ব+ রুপানন্তররত Assertive sentence এর active voice রর্ক্য passive
voice এ রূপান্তর যরক্ত হক্ব + তারপর রূপান্তররত passive voice এর
auxiliary verb টিক্য় প্রর্ক্ম বসাক্ত হক্ব + সবক্শক্ি প্রশ্নক্বাধয রচহ্ন
হক্ব। এটি Voice Change Rules এবং Tense অনুসাক্র যরক্ত হক্ব।

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Example 1:
Active: Have you eaten rice?
Assertive: You have eaten rice.
Assertive এর passive: Rice has been eaten by you.

Passive এ রূপান্তর: Has rice been eaten by you?

Example 2:
Active: Is he reading a book?
Assertive: He is reading a book.
Assertive এর passive: A book is being read by him.

Passive এ রূপান্তর: Is a book being read by him?

B) Who েুক্ত active voice রে passive voice এ রূপান্তর যরার রনয়ম-

গঠন:
Who এর পররবক্তথ By whom + tense ও person অনুোয়়ী Auxiliary verb +
object এর subject + tense অনুোয়়ী যতথার পক্র be/ being/ been বসাক্ত
হয় + verb এর past participle form + ?.
Active: Who is playing football?
Passive: BY whom is football being played?
Active: Who will help me?
Passive: By whom will I be helped?
C) Whom েুক্ত active voice রয passive voice যরার রনয়মাঃ

গঠন:
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Whom এর পররবক্তথ who + tense ও person অনুোয়়ী

Auxiliary verb + verb এর past participle form + by + subject এর object

+?
Active: Whom did you see on the road?
Passive: Who was seen by you on the road?
Active: Whom has he murdered in this home?
Passive: Who is murdered by him in this home?
D) What েুক্ত active voice রে passive voice এ Voice Change Rules
অনুসাক্র রূপান্তর যরার রনয়ম-

গঠন:
What + tense ও person অনুোয়়ী Auxiliary verb + verb এর past
participle form + by + subject এর object +?
Active: What do you want?
Passive: What is wanted by you?

➢ Rule:5
Complex and compound sentence েুক্ত active voice রে passive voice এ
Voice Change যরার রনয়ম- Complex and compound sentence েুক্ত
active voice এ রূপান্তক্রর সময় উভয় clause এর voice পররবতথন হয়।
Active: I know that he did the work.
Passive: It is known to me that the work was done by him.
Active: He told me that he had done the work.
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Passive: I was told that the work had been done by him.
Note: Active voice “people say” রদক্য় শুরু হক্ল It is said এর রনয়ক্ম
passive voice যরাই ভাল।
Active: People say that the lion is the king of the forest.
Passive: It is said that the lion is the king of the forest.

➢ Rule:6
Reflexive object (myself, ourselves, yourselves, yourself, themselves,
himself, herself) েুক্ত active voice রে passive voice এ রূপান্তর যরার
রনয়ম

গঠন:
Active voice subject টি অপররবরতথত অবস্থায় passive voice এর subject
রহসাক্ব বসক্ব + tense ও person অনুোয়়ী Auxiliary verb + verb এর past
participle form + by + Reflexive object বসক্ব।
Active: He hanged himself.
Passive: He was hanged by himself.
Active: You killed yourself.
Passive: You were killed by yourself.

➢ Rule:7
Factitive object/Complementary object েুক্ত active voice রে passive
voice এ রূপান্তর যরার রনয়ম-

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Factitive object/Complementary object( select, elect, nominate, make,
call, name ইতোরদ transitive verb র্াযা সক্েও সম্পূত থ রুক্প অর্ প্রযাশ
থ
যক্র না। পররপূর্ অর্
থ প্রযাশ
থ যরার জনে অরতররক্ত object আনক্ত হয়।
এইরুপ অরতররক্ত object রয Factitive object/Complementary object
বলা হয়।

গঠন:
নামবাচয object টির (me, us, you, them, him, her) object টি subject হয়।
+ tense ও person অনুোয়়ী Auxiliary verb + verb এর past participle
form + Factitive object + by + subject এর object।
Active: They made me captain.
Passive: I was made captain by them.
Active: We call him a liar.
Passive: He is called a liar by us.

➢ Rule:8
Infinitive েুক্ত active voice রে passive voice এ রূপান্তর যরার রনয়ম-

গঠন:
প্রদত্ত active voice এর subject + মূল verb + infinitive এর পক্রর object
(েরদ র্াক্য) + to be + infinitive এর পক্রর verb এর past participle
form.
Active: He wants someone to take a camera.
Passive: He wants the camera to be taken.
Active: He wants you to write a letter.

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Passive: He wants a letter to be taken.
Rule:15
Gerund combinations অর্াৎ
থ advise/ propose/ recommend/ suggest +
gerund + object েুক্ত active voice রয passive voice যরার রনয়ম-

গঠন:
প্রদত্ত active voice এর subject + মূল verb + that + gerund এর পক্রর
object টি + should be + প্রদত্ত gerund টি verb এ রূপারন্তররত হক্য় verb
এর past participle form বক্স।
Active: He suggested giving up smoking.
Passive: He suggested that smoking should be given up.
Active: He wanted to play football.
Passive: He wanted that football should be played.

➢ Rule:9
One + should েুক্ত active voice রয passive voice এ Voice Change যরার
রনয়ম-

গঠন:
Active: One + should+ verb এর base form + object.

Passive: Object এর subject + should be + verb এর past participle form .

Active: One should take care of one’s education.

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Passive: Education should be taken care of.
Active: One should tell the truth.
Passive: Truth should be told.
Note: এক্েক্এ object রহসাক্ব one উহে র্াযক্ব।

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