Universiti Kuala Lumpur Malaysia France Institute

SEMESTER MAY 2023

FVB 21602
ENGINEERING ETHICS

DISEDIAKAN OLEH:

BIL. NAMA PELAJAR PROGRAM

1. Muhammad Zuladli Zarief bin Zulkaimi IRAC
2. Muhammad Izz Thaqif Bin Abdul Aziz IRAC
3. Muhammad Iqmal Hakim Bin Ismail IRAC

DISEDIAKAN UNTUK:
SIR ZAKARIA JUSOH‘
 CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 STADIUM SULTAN ZAINAL ABIDIN ROOF COLLAPSE BACKGROUND

The Sultan Mizan Zainal Abidin Stadium, a multi-purpose stadium in Gong

Badak, Terengganu was constructed by a South Korean construction firm. The
stadium was officially opened on May 10, 2008, and was used as the main venue for
the Sukma Games 2008.

1.2 INCIDENT OF STADIUM SULTAN ZAINAL ABIDIN ROOF COLLAPES

On June 2, 2009, a major part of the roof construction at Sultan Mizan Zainal
Abidin Stadium collapsed under normal weather conditions, including the section
above the royal box. Almost 60% of the roof structure with a cost of RM 25 million
collapsed, including above the royal box at the grandstand. There were no casualties
reported, but the incident attracted the nation's attention, and the stadium was
immediately declared unsafe.
 CHAPTER 2

DISCUSSION

2.1 INVESTIGATIONS OF TRAGEDY STADIUM SULTAN ZAINAL ABIDIN

ROOF COLLAPES

After the roof collapse incident at Sultan Mizan Zainal Abidin Stadium in
June 2009, an investigation was carried out, and a report was completed in
December 2009. The report identified the major cause of the collapse to be a design
fault and inappropriate materials. Witness accounts indicated that a long loud sound
similar to a jet engine noise was heard as the casualties were reported. The report
also highlighted sporadic loud bangs and structural damage prior to the collapse. One
of the structural repair jobs on the roof was scheduled on the day of the collapse
itself.
 CHAPTER 3

A VIEW FROM ENGINEERING ETHICS

3.1 ETHICAL ISSUES

The collapse of the roof at Sultan Mizan Zainal Abidin Stadium raised
several ethical issues. Here are some of the ethical issues that emerged:

 Worker safety:

The collapse of the roof resulted in damages of between RM15 million to

RM25 million, but fortunately, there were no casualties reported.

 Unethical practices:

There is a high risk for engineers to participate in unethical practices and

corruption, including in the construction industry.

 Inadequate quality control:

The analysis of the collapse showed that the cause of the collapse was
due to inadequate design, poor quality control, and inappropriate materials.

 Lack of safety oversight:

The collapse was believed to be due to a weakness in the main roof

structure after the removal of the middle framework.
  Public safety:

The collapse of the roof affected nearby vehicles and caused damage to
pieces of equipment.

3.2 EVALUATION ETHICAL ISSUES

In evaluating the ethical issues surrounding the Sultan Zainal Abidin Stadium
roof collapse, we can consider the following aspects :

 Safety and Duty of Care:

The primary ethical concern is the safety of the individuals present at the
stadium. It is essential to assess whether the engineers and other responsible
parties fulfilled their duty of care to ensure the structural integrity of the
stadium and the safety of the spectators.

 Professional Competence and Responsibility:

The incident raises questions about the competence and responsibility of

the engineers involved. Ethical evaluation requires assessing whether the
engineers possessed the necessary expertise, qualifications, and experience to
design and construct the stadium safely.

 Compliance with Regulations and Standards:

Ethical considerations involve evaluating whether the design,

construction, and maintenance of the stadium complied with relevant
regulations, building codes, and industry standards.
3.3 POINT OF VIEW IN ENGINEERING ETHICS

The collapse of the roof at Sultan Mizan Zainal Abidin Stadium raises several
ethical issues from an engineering perspective. Here are some of the points of views:

 Responsibility:
Engineers have a responsibility to ensure that their designs are safe and
meet the required standards. The collapse of the roof at Sultan Mizan Zainal
Abidin Stadium raises questions about the responsibility of the engineers
involved in the design of the roof structure.
3.4 SAFETY ASPECTS

The collapse of the roof at Sultan Mizan Zainal Abidin Stadium raised
several safety aspects. Here are some of the safety aspects that emerged:

 Worker safety:
The collapse of the roof resulted in damages of between RM15 million to
RM25 million, but fortunately, there were no casualties reported. However,
the second collapse resulted in five workers being injured, two of them
critically. This highlights the importance of ensuring worker safety during
construction and repair work.

 Public safety:

The collapse of the roof affected nearby vehicles and caused damage to
pieces of equipment, highlighting the need to ensure public safety during the
construction of such large structures.

 DESING SAFETY:

The analysis of the collapse showed that the cause of the collapse was
due to poor design structure and inadequate materials. This highlights the
importance of ensuring that structures are designed to be safe and that
materials used are appropriate for the intended use.
3.5 RECOMMENDATIONS

Based on the information from the search results, here are some
recommendations about the collapse of the roof at Sultan Mizan Zainal Abidin
Stadium:

 Improve quality control measures:

The analysis of the collapse showed that poor quality control was a
contributing factor. Therefore, it is recommended to improve quality control
measures in the construction industry to ensure that structures are built to the
required standards.

 Ensure adequate safety oversight:

The collapse was believed to be due to a weakness in the main roof

structure after the removal of the middle framework. Therefore, it is
recommended to ensure adequate safety oversight during construction and
repair work to prevent such incidents from happening again.

 Enhance worker safety:

The collapse of the roof resulted in injuries to workers. Therefore, it is

recommended to enhance worker safety measures during construction and
repair work to prevent accidents and injuries.
3.6 IMPROVEMENT

Here are some improvements that can be made in response to the collapse of
the roof at Sultan Mizan Zainal Abidin Stadium:

 Implement quality control measures:

The collapse was attributed to poor workmanship and lack of quality

control measures. Therefore, it is recommended that quality control measures
are implemented and enforced to ensure that safety standards are met during
the construction and maintenance of structures.

 Conduct safety audits:

Regular safety audits can help identify potential safety hazards and
prevent accidents from happening. It is recommended that safety audits are
conducted periodically to ensure that safety standards are being met and that
corrective measures are taken where necessary.

 Improve design safety:

The analysis of the collapse showed that poor design structure and
inadequate materials were contributing factors. Therefore, it is recommended
that design safety measures are improved to ensure that structures are
designed to be safe and that appropriate materials are used.
 CHAPTER 4

CONCLUSIONS

4.0 CONCLUSIONS

Overall, the collapse of the roof at Sultan Mizan Zainal Abidin Stadium
highlights the importance of ensuring worker safety, design safety, quality control,
and safety oversight in the construction industry. It is important to take appropriate
measures to prevent similar incidents from occurring in the future and ensure the
safety of workers and the public during the construction and maintenance of large
structures.
REFERENCES

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Kasnoon, Muhammad Fauzi Osman, & Abd Halim, A. N. (n.d.). Stadium Sultan
Mizan Zainal Abidin’s roof collapse and Teton Dam ... Stadium Sultan Mizan Zainal
Abidin’s Roof Collapse and Teton Dam Failure Case Study.
https://eportfolio.utm.my/artefact/file/download.php?file=615681&view=22952
2. Idris, S. M. (2013, February 26). Stadium collapse shows worker safety atrocious.
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(2021). Toaz - A case study : Structure collapse sultan Mizan Zainal Abidin stadium
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4. Gul, F. A., & Ali, C. M. (2016, October 31). Sultan Mizan Zainal Abidin stadium
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https://ephjournal.org/index.php/ms/article/view/11
5. Staff, W. (2023, February 22). Sultan Mizan Zainal Abidin stadium. Wikipedia.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sultan_Mizan_Zainal_Abidin_Stadium