MATHEMATICS 9

QUARTER 3, WEEK 3
MIDLINE THEOREM,
THEOREMS ON TRAPEZOIDS AND KITE
 CONTENT STANDARDS

The learner demonstrates understanding

of key concepts of parallelograms and
triangle similarity.

MATHEMATICS 10 QUARTER 3
 PERFORMANCE STANDARDS

The learner can investigate, analyze, and

solve problems involving parallelograms
and triangle similarity through appropriate
and accurate representation.

MATHEMATICS 10 QUARTER 3
 MOST ESSENTIAL
LEARNING COMPETENCIES
• The learner proves theorems on the different
kinds of parallelogram (rectangle, rhombus,
square). (M9GE-IIIc-1)
• The learner proves Midline Theorem (M9GE-
IIId-1)
• The learner proves theorems on trapezoids
and kites. (M9GE-IIId-2)

MATHEMATICS 10 QUARTER 3
 REVIEW

In proving theorems of parallelograms, the

following must be ensured:
• State the obvious (given)
• State existing ideas (proven theorems,
postulates, congruences)
• Use previous statements to support
succeeding statements (substitution).

MATHEMATICS 10 QUARTER 3
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BISECT
In geometry, the word bisect means the
same thing, to split something into equal
halves.
Etymology: mid 17th century: from bi- ‘two’
+ Latin sect- (from secare ‘to cut’).

MATHEMATICS 10 QUARTER 3
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BISECT
Etymology: mid 17th century: from bi- ‘two’
+ Latin sect- (from secare ‘to cut’).

MATHEMATICS 10 QUARTER 3
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BISECTOR
A bisector divides a line into two equal
halves. Thus, when we talk about the
perpendicular bisector of a line segment
AB, it implies: It divides AB into two equal
halves or bisects it.

MATHEMATICS 10 QUARTER 3
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LINEAR PAIR
In geometry, a linear pair of angles is a
pair of adjacent angles formed when two
lines intersect each other. Adjacent angles
are formed when two angles have a
common vertex and a common arm but do
not overlap.

MATHEMATICS 10 QUARTER 3
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LINEAR PAIR

MATHEMATICS 10 QUARTER 3
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LINEAR PAIR

MATHEMATICS 10 QUARTER 3
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PERPENDICULAR LINES
In geometry, perpendicular lines are defined as
two lines that meet or intersect each other at
right angles .

RIGHT ANGLE
When two straight lines intersect each other at
90˚ or are perpendicular to each other at the
intersection, they form the right angle
MATHEMATICS 10 QUARTER 3
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PERPENDICULAR LINES
late Middle English (as an
adverb meaning ‘at right
angles’): via Old French
from Latin
perpendicularis, from
perpendiculum ‘plumb
line’, from per- ‘through’ +
pendere ‘to hang’.
MATHEMATICS 10 QUARTER 3
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MIDPOINT
Midpoint refers to a point that is in the middle of
the line joining two points. The two reference points
are the endpoints of a line, and the midpoint is
lying in between the two points. The midpoint
divides the line joining these two points into two
equal halves. Further, if a line is drawn to bisect
the line joining these two points, the line passes
through the midpoint.
MATHEMATICS 10 QUARTER 3
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MIDPOINT
from late Old English. As a preposition, "in the
middle of, amid" (c. 1400) it is from in midde or a
shortened form of amid (compare midshipman) and
sometimes is written 'mid. point (n.) The Latin root
word medi means “middle.”

MATHEMATICS 10 QUARTER 3
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CONGRUENT TRIANGLES
Triangles that have exactly the same size and shape
are called congruent triangles. The symbol for
congruent is ≅. Two triangles are congruent when
the three sides and the three angles of one triangle
have the same measurements as three sides and
three angles of another triangle.

MATHEMATICS 10 QUARTER 3
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CONGRUENT TRIANGLES

MATHEMATICS 10 QUARTER 3
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CPCTC
The CPCTC theorem states that when two triangles
are congruent, their corresponding parts are equal.
The CPCTC is an abbreviation used for
'corresponding parts of congruent triangles are
congruent'.

MATHEMATICS 10 QUARTER 3
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CPCTC

MATHEMATICS 10 QUARTER 3
EXPLORE AND EXPLAIN
Useful Concepts
• Bisector
• Perpendicular
• Linear Pair
• Midpoint
• CPCTC

Rhombus ROSE
A rhombus is a parallelogram with all
sides being congruent
𝐸𝑂 𝑏𝑖𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑠 𝑅𝑆
𝑅𝑆 𝑏𝑖𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑠 𝐸𝑂
𝐸𝑂 𝑏𝑖𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑠 𝑅𝑆 at point H
𝑅𝐻 ≅ 𝐻𝑆

MATHEMATICS 10 QUARTER 3
EXPLORE AND EXPLAIN
Useful Concepts
• Bisector
• Perpendicular
• Linear Pair
• Midpoint
• CPCTC

Reflexive Property of Congruence

∆𝑅𝐻𝑂 ≅ ∆𝑆𝐻𝑂
CPCTC
180°
The angles are congruent, and they form a linear pair. = 90°
2

𝑅𝑆┴𝑂𝐸

MATHEMATICS 10 QUARTER 3
 EXPLORE AND EXPLAIN
Useful Concepts
• Bisector
• Perpendicular
• Linear Pair
• Midpoint
• CPCTC

VWXY is a rhombus
𝑉𝑌 ≅ 𝑌𝑋, 𝑉𝑊 ≅ 𝑊𝑋 All sides of a rhombus are congruent
𝑌𝑊 ≅ 𝑌𝑊
𝑆𝑆𝑆 𝑇𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑔𝑟𝑢𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒
𝐶𝑃𝐶𝑇𝐶

MATHEMATICS 10 QUARTER 3
 EXPLORE AND EXPLAIN
Useful Concepts
• Bisector
• Perpendicular
• Linear Pair
• Midpoint
• CPCTC

VWXY is a rhombus
𝑉𝑌 ≅ 𝑌𝑋, 𝑉𝑊 ≅ 𝑊𝑋 All sides of a rhombus are congruent
𝑌𝑊 ≅ 𝑌𝑊
𝑆𝑆𝑆 𝑇𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑔𝑟𝑢𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒
𝐶𝑃𝐶𝑇𝐶

MATHEMATICS 10 QUARTER 3
 EXERCISE
Useful Concepts
• Bisector
• Perpendicular
∠5 ≅ ∠6, ∠7 ≅ ∠8 • Linear Pair
• Midpoint
• CPCTC

Statement Reason
ROSE is a Rhombus
𝑅𝐸 ≅ 𝑅𝑂, 𝐸𝑆 ≅ 𝑂𝑆
𝐸𝑂 ≅ 𝐸𝑂
SSS Triangle Congruence

MATHEMATICS 10 QUARTER 3
 EXERCISE
Directions: Use the properties of rhombus to solve
for the value of x and the measurement of the
sides.

MATHEMATICS 10 QUARTER 3
 EXERCISE
Directions: Use the properties of rhombus to solve
for the value of y and the measurement of the
angles.

MATHEMATICS 10 QUARTER 3