EENIAL

ORDS
FOR THE

7TH EDITION Steven J. Matthesen

• A fuy updated st of 500 words that frequently appear on the
TOEF
• Defnitons, sampe sentences, and practce exercses to buld
your word power
• An over vew of each secton of the TOEFL iBT and ITP
• A practce readng test wth answers to help you assess your
test-takng readness

®OFL s a regisered tademar1 of ducaioal Tesg Servce (S) his ublicaion is no edorsed or aproved by ES.
 BARON'S
ENTIAL
WODS
FOR THE

Test of English as a Foreign Language

7TH EDITION

Steven J. Matthiesen

®OEFL s a egiseed tademak f Educatinal esting Serice (ES). This publication is nt endsed  appved by ES.
 CONTENTS

NTRODUCTON: Success on the TOEFL v

Mxmz Yo Vocla Poel­
A Descpo o Ts Pom v

CTER I: Getting to Know the TOEFL 

Wh Is he O? 1
Ao he  (Ieesed O) 1
Abo he IP (Isol O Pom) 1
he B 2
Seco 1 Redn 2
Seco 2 se 3
Seco 3 Spek 5
Seco 4 Wti 5
Te IP (he Ppe-sed O) 6
Seco 1 se 7
Seco 2: Sce nd We pesso 9
Seco 3 Red Compeheso 10
Some Helpfl Hns  oh Foms o he OE 13

CHER 2: Understanding the TOEFL Reading Section 15

Smple Qesos 15
Seg  he  nd IP O 26

CHER 3: mproving Your TOEFL Vocabuary 29

Te Impoce o Red . A o 29
Mke Wod Lss 29
e Wods om Old Os 29
e he Wods n hs ook 30
e o Use  Tesus 30

CHER 4: Buiding Your TOEFL Vocabulary 31

Develop Wod Ack Sklls 31
Impon Voclr ld ools 37
CHER 5: The Essential TOEFL Vocabulary 43
Stdyng the Wod Entres 44
Answeng Phasal Qestons 46
essons 130 51
Answes to Execses: Lssons 1-30 314

CHER 6: The iBT Practice Test 39

Geneal Dectons 319
BT Readng Secton 320
Answes to BT Pactce Test 338
Scong You BT Pactce Test 338
BT and ITP Readig Secton Scoe Conveson Tables 340

INEX 341
 NTRODUCTION

SUCCESS ON THE TOEFL

What vocabuary is necessary to score high on the TOEFL?
Wy   y     g
br    OEFL?
Wy  I  y br  w  I ?
Hw  I b  b OEFL  k?

Essential Wods for the TEL w    v
y w     g y Eg by w
 g y   OEFL  w   
  g  bk w  y  a y 
g  w  w ky   r    OEFL
In  b w  z y    OEFL
 g  d  b bg    By ­
wg  g  g  w   bk y wil b
y    g    OEFL
 7   Essential Words for the TEFL  n t,
vi   500 w w     ng
 T  k Essental Wods     ­
gy  bk   k I      y
  OEFL     w  
  OEFL          wu
bk  w  w  y     OEFL

MING OU VOCULY POTENTIA

 DESCIPTION OF THIS POGR
 bk   n     g y b
 b    w   h bk L' k 
  

Getting to Kow the iBT

C 1 b   B  o   
ess fm ec p.  q  x    ­
kg g  

v
Understanding the Internet-Based TOEFL
Cp 2 dscbs  mpc  bud  s cbux 
d  sc     Yu  d smp d psss
pc  s oud  Sc O    w  dd lss
  kds  ds d quss   ud  h OEFL  s
cp u l  mp ss d s    l
cs  pbbt  m u sc   OEFL

Improving Your TOEFL Vocabulary

Cp 3 s u  p  sudy cbua Yu sud us 
p  sud  ds  s bk

Building Your TOEFL Vocabulary

Cp 4 pds pf nm  ps u buld u OEFL
cbur Yu  b ducd  s pes, d sus"; ps
 ds  pvd  dd m Yu  s b ducd  dc
 d suus us b p d  sucs  cb
u   sg  buld u OEFL cbur

The Essential TOEFL Vocabulary

's OEFL Vcbu ud m s pd  Cp
5  cu scd ds  pp   s  mp 
 OEFL s ks A p   pm s  cud
   sud  s   udsd  ds d  
o  pm m b  d Tt cu dpd
cbu sss   p Ec ss ds  pc
c quss k s  pp  b  B d  P 
pp-bsd OEFL

The iBT Practice Reading Test

Cp 6 cs  cmp pcc  d s tpc  s
ud  Sc 3   OEFL T s s u pcc  d­
 cmps d cbur quss  cs   
m. A  ccus   pcc s u  b b  ssss
u  kd d skls b us  cudd s k d
cs bs  c u umb  cc ss   sc
  OEFL sc    d I scs  cudd. Cp 6
s d b  d   500 ss ds psd  s bk
d b  p umb   d c b ud i  

vi
A Fna Word
his 7h ediion of ssential Wos fo the O is  poduc of
oe hn 25 yes of esech nd coninuous upding Aong he
thousnds of ods h pofessionl OEFL es mkes cn use
this ediion of ssential Words fo the TEFL includes hose h e
os likely o ppe on he Inere-bsed OEFL (iBT nd on he
Insiuionl OEFL (IP). By seing he ods ad pplying he
segies pesened in his book, you will be ell on you y o success
on he OEFL.

Seven Mhiesen

vi
 CHAPTER

GETING O KNOW
HE OEFL
W IS THE TOEFL?
 OEFL s  ps Es nu   ps
s d uss   d Ss Cd d  ps
  d  dss dss  s s usd b s 
zs  f psss  pc  s b n 
Ud Ss d bd

BOUT THE iBT (INTERNET-BSED TOEFL)

M s   OEFL s dsd    ppbsd
 Exis d h ss w  p  n ns
s  s p ssssd s ps 
bu d d ss T b    90s, 
Edu s S ( k   EFL) b i 
pubsd OEFL  s  B  d  ds
 g t B s xpadd    ss sd b dd
sp d  ss   s s  s n d
 d bur ss  m   us au  d

BOUT THE ITP (INSTITUTIONL TOEFL POGA

S du sus us  ppbsd OEFL  s
 IP OEFL  Edu s S s s o 
 OEFL b  sus   us  s  
 ssss dvdus' Es au ss o p pupss
Isus ls us sus  ssss  ss   Es
u nsu ps s OEFLs  typl pus
dsd pp-bsd OEFLs G s d us­
ts d  ep IP OEFL ss  p   B s  
ss   OEFL  qu d. A dsp  b s
s
ESSENTIA WORDS FOR THE TOEFL

THEiBT
T  s  md s h nsss  h ou sns lsd bl

Section 1 Reading 60-80 minutes

34 Pssgs 121 qusns p pssg

Section 2 Listening 60-90 minutes

23 Cnsns 5 qusns p nsn
6 Lus 6 qusns p lu

Section 3 Speaking 20 minutes

2Indpndnss
Ingdss

Section 4 Writing 50 minutes

1Ingds
1Indpndns

SECTION 1: REAING
h  dng sn s psnd n  fms h sh om
 gs u h pssgs  ppml 700 ds h lng f­
m nns ou pssgs A h pssg u ll ns 121
s qusns I u  ng h lng om  nly h ss 
h s qusns wll b ansd h spnss  h qusns o
h h  pssgs ll b lud b E f us n uu s
Yu ll h 60 mnus  d ll  h pssgs nd spnd  h
qusns (80 mnus f h lng fm) Yu ll b lld  
ns hl u d Yu ll s sm ds  phss hghlghd
Yu m s n xlann  dnn  h d  phs b l­
ng n 
h mjt  qusns n hs sn a n h mulpl-h
fm Ma u ns h f h nd pd  h n qus­
n b lng n Next.  ur  h pius qusn l n
Bck A an m u an l n Rv  s  ls  h qusns
h u h nd h n nsd. Yu m ur  n qusn
hl u ae ng n hs sn bu n u h l h dng
sn u m n ur   A l ll pp n h sn 
hlp u mang u m
In hs sn, u s d h pssg mpll Yu d s
b usng h sll b   h n pssg n h sn h

2
 GEING O KNOW THE OEFL

cpu   g u  quss u u a scd 
 dg sc A  p cc  N
  d sps s   dg sc s
 cckg   d ps  sc Vcbur s 
usuly sd b sg u  cc   d    
s  s g s  bdd d Sms u  b sd
 cc   sc  gup  scs   s   p
cu qus c b ud Ss u  b sd  is 
sc   x O cs s u  b sd  cc 
 d  ps   bdd p   pssg   cs
d s  A u cc   d  ps   d
F n p  s qus (dg  ")  qu
u  cp  sur     c b scg c pvdd
 ps  cud T su quss   up  
ps c d  c quss     u ps
dpdg     s ps  psd

SECTON 2: LSTENING
T sg sc   B ss u b  udsd sp
Egs  s pc ud   cpuss  cgs d us
s T sg ss  hs   tpc  sc d cdc
css ud  s sgs
   s   sg sc I  s sg
sc u    css d u cus  g 
 cns  css d sx cus Ec cs
d cu qus u  spd    s quss s 
c  up cc  spss   quss   x
cs d cus d  cu s quss  b u­
d b ES o us  fu Bs Sc u d   c ps
sgs  cu  s p  u  d u bs     s
quss Yu  25 nus   s  sg sc
d 30   g  sc A cc pps   sc  p
u g u  I ds  cud    u  s
g   cus d css
Yu   c cu d cs d c   quss
   Yu  d   s s u s d us 
 s quss Oc  qus s sd u e  d
 u   s b su  cs u ss cuy
O  B su  c  u ug dps  ud
s s  cs   I OEFL O  B u  b s d
 c qus   IP OEFL u    qus
Fwng  qus,  s ccs pp   sc; 
qus ss   sc u u  d u sps. F

3
ESSENTIAL WORDS FOR THE TOEFL

pcc s c p s pcdd b   [ - ], sd

 h s ), B), C),  D)
O  B,   b d b  ce d  pc   c­
s  xdd css pc n   ps
 gs  , d     pss  sk qus­
s    ps A spks  pcd   sc
Ec sus s  d b    qss  
s sd
 B cus s cd  dc  s   s
spkg d  pc Gg bck   mk  Ccg 
dc g b s s:

Ls    gd s  s  gp  ss bu  c

 Ccg"

I  B cs,  pss us smu  c b

 pss  s usg ss T pss d  ss 
dpcd   sc Usg u us, u s c qus,
  s skd
 B uss  g t  sps ps F xp, 
 b    cc s d u  b skd  clck 
  x   cc ss W  s m  
cc s,   b d  my cc nss u sud
df  s  xp, d  mnk bu Ccg  pg 8
 ns  ng qs:

W c b d bu    Ccg?

(Cck  2 ss)
I s nucd b  gc
Ss  ps 
 d s usu ccpd b cd
I s r dr dug  i ms
I s p d sb

I  b xp,  d cck   s     
scd d d ss
Ss,  sps o s vs I  cs  cck 
 cc s w  s. Ss,  sps  
cg I  cs,  s cssf c  pc  
u  g    ou cgs, ccdg  csscs
 dscs  ad  dg  suus Y d s 
u s

4
 GETING TO KNOW THE TOEFL

SECTION 3: SPEANG
T spkng sc ss u b  us spk Egsh  c
dmc sgs hs sc cs si spkg sks Ech sk
qus u  spd   sg qus  ak cs 
cu T sks  qu u  s   cu  cs
  d  sh pssg Yu  h spd   qus Yu m
k s d us hm  hp u spd  h quss
Yu spkng pcc s lud  h gl uc d
ccuc h hch u us h Egsh ngug
h spkg sc ss 20 mus Yu  gv 45  60 sc­
ds  spd  ch qus Bo spdg  quss, u
w b gv 15  20 scds  hk bu h u w spd  h
qus A cck pps  h sc  hp u mg u m

SECTION 4: WTING
T g sc ss u b  pm h g sks h
 pcl qud  cg cuss
I h B, u  spd   g pmps T e 
tps  g sks  gd ss sk d  dpd
wg sk
h gd ss sk cmbs h gug skls  dg,
sg, d rg
Yu  d  sh pssg, h  sh cu  h pc d
h   ss  sps   spcc s  dcs f h
ss. Yu m k s d us hm  hp u  u ss
Yu  h 20 mnus  p d r u ssy
T dpd g sk sks u  g u p  
m pc Yu wl h 30 mus  p d  u ss
A cck pps  h sc  hp u mg u m s u
cmp u sss

5
ESSENTIAL WORDS FOR THE TOEFL

THE IT (THE PAER-BED TOEFL)

T b           
    w : l    
 l   i     y
 l  v     f
ly    i     
 ll. T l    l   Ll   b
        t  . i 
  ,  1\   
x     .   h
   :

IP F-  Inemee o ace)

econ  senng Compeenson  qesons
 mnes
Pa A   30 
PaB x  8 
Pa C M 3 

econ 2 rcue n Wen 4 qesons

pesson 2 mnes
Pa A  5 
PaB  x 5 

econ  Redng Compeenson  qesons

 mnes

A  mnes

IP FEV 2 (Hg Begnnng o Inemede)

econ  senng Compeenson  qesons
22 mnes

econ 2 Srcue a Wen 2 qesons

pesson 7 mnes

econ  Reng Compeenson 4 qesons

 mnes

OA 7 mnes

6
 GETNG TO KNOW THE TOEFL

SECTION 1: LISTENING
hs sc  h OEFL ss u blt  udsd sp
c Eglsh  u h pd css u ll s
quss

Short Conversations
P  cs sh dlgus b  ppl lld b  qus
 bu h h ppl sd n h cs h  h
d pupss o spg  ch h  spk  g dc
plgi  s  . Gll   s ud 
h scd spk's sc Yu wll d  udsd h 
g  h cs d ls h cx, such s h   plc 
hch  culd ccu. T cc chc s h  h dcl ss
h qus.

ou WLL HEA

(Man) Dd you get to go shoppng last nght?
(Woman) They'd already locked the doors by the
time I got there
(Man) What does the woman mean?
You WLL SEE:
 She arrved n tme to shop
® She was too late
© She locked the doors.
@ She had to buy the door.
T cc chc s () Sc h ds  lcd h sh ed
sh culd  h g shppg N h h h chcs us ds
hd  h cs Chcs h c such ds  usully
 cc P  cs spls  nl c Eglsh d
c xpsss d -d bs  c  hs p

Extended Conversations
I P B u ll h xdd css b   
ppl  sud d h  pss   cmpus src pvd
Usully h a  css, d h lgug s  ol
A ch cs, h  b h d u sp qus­
s bu s c Chs u s f g h u chcs
h pp  u s bkl

7
ESSENIA WORDS FOR THE TOEFL

e eeded vess ad lks (see belw) ae geell

peeded b  dc see  ells  e e  e
ves P parl e  s  s  pepes
 o w ollws

Minitaks
Par C s s peses gve b  sgle speke ee e
sally ee e Egls  s sei s geeall e de,
tpal  Egls lees  ake ple   nvest  llege se­
g Tee ae geell hee lees ollwed b   ve spke
qess b s e Y  ake es wle  lse d
ee bk  e we  swe e qess Cse  swe
f ag e  es  pper   es bkle Lk  e
exmple  e nlk belw

Yu  HA:

se  s alk b  s gde

(a) Good moig ladies ad genleme Welcome o his

ou o one o he aios mos impoa ciies Chicago
Beoe we begi I'd like o give you some backgound
iomaio ha will make he ou moe enjoyable o you
The ciy was ouded i 1837 Is saegic locaio on ake
ichigan quickly made i he cene of commece fo
he Midwes secio o he couy I cuenly is he hid
lages meopolia aea i he Unied Saes The citys
sie is geeally level, buil mosly o a glacial plain The
aow Chicago Rive exeds oe mile inland om ake
ichigan whee i splis dividig he city ino Noh Wes
ad Souh sides Chicagos weahe is subjec o apid
changes bu geeally he climae is cold and widy i
he winer and ho ad humid in he summe.
(Woma) Wha gave Chicago a advaage ove ohe idwes­
e ciies?
Yu WL SEE:

 Is level sie

® Is locaion on Lake ichiga
© Is lage populaio
@ Is locaion alog he Chicago Rive

8
 GEING O KNOW HE TOEFL

ccdng  he m (B) d be he cec chce Remembe

h    hve  e c  he ee' ee 
cves d  w  he  ce Y ms ccee 
des sch s mes de d he m de  he eec h
 he D  ed he chce   e  he l Le ce
 d r  emembe h  he

SECTION 2: STRUCTURE AND WRITTEN EXPRESSION

hs sec cs  e  qe bh desgned  e 
b  ecgze cec se d gmm  e Egsh he
seece e cdemc; e h  cy d  cege-eve
es js, d ecceds he seece cs cde he
sc sceces hsc d e sceces d he hmes

Structure
e sce qess es  b  ecgnze cec sce
nd d de ese qess css   seece h e  me
ds mssg Y m me he chce h be cmees he e
ece. Hee s  exme  hs te  qes

You WL SEE:

_ a shor me ater the Cv Wa Aana has become
he princpal center o ransporaon commerce, and fnance
n he southeasern Uned Saes.
® Whe rebu
 I was rebu
© Rebu
@ When rebul

e cec chce s (C)  Te he chces mae he eece c

ec  kd

Written Expression
e e epes qess e  b  ecgze e 
gmm  epess hese qess css  cmee seece
wh  deed d  hse Y ms def he de­
ined   he eece h eeds  be chged n de  me he
seece cec. A eme s

9
SSNA WRS R  

Y W SEE

Th Nvj nn hv l  mk bl 

 ®
no   h ulu n  hngng
©
fxblt lyl
@
e re e s (D) Fxilit,  nn ppers ee n dje
ive ms  In ddn  npppe prs  speech e se 
e f mssng ds  ex ds  re npppe f e
next

SCTION 3: REAING COMREHNSION

Gd edng sks nd n mpe vr re es  dng e n
 sens  e OEFL. In s sen  e OEFL ese sks e
spey esed Mny TOEFL es es mpn  e d n
ve eng me  e nse ll qesns n s sen I s
ve mprn   f e nsrns n s b s  
w se a e ed me   dvnge

Reading Comprehension Items

Y   ed nd ndesnd ege-eve edng me s
esed n s pr  e OEFL Y  nd ve  sx edng ps­
sges, e oed b nne  eeven qesns Y ms  qy
nd een Hee s  smpe pssge

Yu WL SEE:

A ln h n  m uv ua h , 

bn lgh  ng hugh   m n mg n 
ua bn h ln Exml  uh u 
h n  h    mv n Th n m
(5 h ln  h l ln  knwn  l lngh. n
m l n ml v h ln 
un n  w-h munng  ju h l
lngh Th n llw ung  mg  bj
 vu n n h humn  l lngh 
(70) ju b mul h l h ln uvu. Lgh
  rn l  bn b ving g 
h  hugh  uv ua Th u  ­
n  h mg knwn  hm bn In
cmes shp mges e bned b ngng w

10
 GETTING T KNW THE TOEFL

(15) o mo lnss so ha h abaion o on cancls

ou h abraion o anoh Such an aangmn o
lnss is calld an achomaic lns.

Y WLL SEE

Accoding o h passag, wha is ocal lngh?
® A cud suac ha acs ligh
 Th disanc om h ocal plan o h lns
© Adjusmn by h muscls ha als lns cuvau
@ Th dg ha ligh ays o dien colos a bnt by
h lns

s s  u qus   dd  s s

qus s d sd   x C (B s   as
S quss  sk u  d uss bsd   i
 pss s  sk bu e a d   s S
  sk  nm ds  ppa n  pss

Vocabuar Items
 bur quss  s s s yu Es bur
  btw 12 d 1 7 quss us  sp ds 
 d pss. E d s ak   sp    ;
  s d    qus Yu us s h d h
s  s a f a  u s  H's a
p   pus 

You WLL SEE:

Th wod disoion" in lins 12 and 13 is closs in maning o
® classifcaion
 domaion
© acion
@ lcion

T d  s  ss  a   sd d distorion,

s  (B). Addal s  bur quss  b oud 
Cp 2

Cohesion Items
A p  qus  s usd  s dg c0p­
s s d s Cs us  s   pss
 kd   s Cs s  u   
pvus d i, ad  s  d  kp p-

1
ESSENTIAL WORDS FOR THE TOEFL

ly md om  md l cg  d 

g  dd c    d  m dd
 g T OEFL  c   dg cm­
 C m clly  bjc  ( y m) d
dm  (  ) H   ml  
  l c

You WLL SEE:

The word Ths" n ne 12 refers to
 surface
® adjustng
© light
@ bendng
 d  "    bending,  (D).  tcl 
  OEFL ll c b  c m   g  
 g
Dg y c kg  OEFL, y ll  c b
T d g y m cl       
   k     cr  y    gd
ddg  m Amg  c b cmmly   
OEFL :

Process Verb Defnition

clm     
cla  l  m dl
cdc     bl
d  df  mg   cc
dm    xl  c  d
dcb  l  ccc   d  bjc
dc  g m  d
  m   d   m d c
   by cl xl
b    mg  l by cl l
  dd by liig hy mg   
  g m g  q
    g m
  g cl    d
spp  pvde m  cm  d  pn

12
 GETING TO KNOW THE TOEFL

SOME HELPFUL HINS FOR BOH FORMATS OF HE OEFL

Yu  e ms  e ses  u quess u e OEFL 
wwwetsrg I tej.
Im  es ees pe quess d ee
desps  e OEFL  e ud  e l OEFL ese
O  ps  e OEFL e sue  se  quess O e
 u e pezed o  se quess O mupee
es ems  u mus uess se ()  () se e e s
me ke  (A)  (D)  e e e espse
O e  sme quess  e me  e se pu­
  e ques des wi u om peseed s  sees
 e psse  ex A x ude  ques m e u  k 
 ses Yu m s e  mpue d  e muse
F exmpe u m e e  sees  ees  pe   spec
de Yu  k  e seees d d em  e pppe
ss  ppe  e es em see
euse e  eques  ee et  espse oms s
ed e des  e es em ef Ask use Wh d I
eed  d ee?"
Me u me wse  e IP OEFL d  e med Te
mu  me e s sed  e en  e se I
u e k e IP OEFL e sue  e   (dee 
suds u  m mke ee ee e es sess) d e
e  e me u e em N es e ed  e
m o e  Whee u e k e B  e IP OEFL u
sud eme m  e des d e exmpes  e
se eoe u ke e ess
ememe e me s exped   se, u m  eu
  Wk quk d ue I  seems vius  u  u
  e eu me  s  se  e OEFL GUESS ()
 (C)
I e edn se  e  u m skp quess   k
d e nses Hee d  se me d s uess u
e  e  u e mde  mske! Yu  eu 
quess   peus p e u e ked  Continue e
e s ques   p. e u se   u d 
bee se
Pepe use o e es e e peped  e u e
dee u eed  ee e er es esu o u I dd
 s k Barron's TEFL iB (Internet Based est) pdes u
w p s desed  ep u mamze u OEFL se 
CD-ROM  smues e expeee  k e  d dem
sks s udn ps  e k ppsn summ
d syeszg

13
 CHAPTER 2
UNDERSTANDING
THE TOEFL READING
SECTION
Deepg  gd Eg cbur  e  p y  pe
pe o e cbuy yu  ee d e  e OEFL I  
 gd y  pepe  e e geey I dd  deepg 
gd Eg cbua   ei p   e d  cb­
ua yu  ee  e OEFL d  uded    eed
Te edg ec  e B c ppey ee  ve
pge  1214 que o ec pge I e IP ee e
ou  e edg pge d up  50 que I  pn 
yu  eebe  yu gee cbuy  eed   ec
 e OEFL Hee     ec  e OEFL ee yu
kedge  pecc cbur e  eed
Pge f c cbur que e dw e e  
om cdec te tpc   cege  uetee ex
nd ju Te pc  ee pge e e  -ye cege
ude  N Aec ud be ey  ecue Te pc ce
 uc e  e Nu Scece Bue Lbe A d e
Sc Scece Se pge c eeece  N Aec
pce d pee Oe l ee  c ee d y
cude de. I  p o yu  uded  yu edge
 ee N Aec pce d pele  ee eed  e
OEFL Yu d  e  be   e ce  e pge
 be ucceu   ec  e OEFL

SALE QUESTIONS
Te og pge nd e que  o e ued  u
e d dcu e tpe  edg cpees que d
  yu  nd  e OEFL F   -up, yu  ed
 pe pge  e IP d  hug e e que e
yu  ed  mple B pge d  ug e que

15
SSENTIAL WORDS FOR THE TOEFL

Though a somewha conovesa pocess Hawa was

he as eoy o become a sae n 84 he Uned
Saes ecognzed he Kngdom o Hawa as an nde
penden couny n subsequen yeas Amecans and
ohe oegn goups moved o he sands They began o
nfuence oca pocs n 1887 Hawaan Kng Kaaaua
gave he Uned Saes excusve ghs o use Pea Ha
bo as a nava base n exchange o cean adng
pveges A • Ae he Kng ded hs sse Queen
Luoaan oowed hm o he hone n 1894, a bood
ess evouon ed by Amecan busnessmen emoved
he om oice She was epaced by Sanod B Doe
Wh he suppo o he Amecans unnng he oca gov­
enmen Hawa became a US eoy n 900 B • In
959 he US Congess appoved egsaon pemng
Hawa o conve o staehood [C • Shoy aewad
Hawaans voed amos 17 o  n avo o saehood.
[D •
1  Wha does he passage many dscuss?
® Democacy n Hawa
 The hsoy o Hawaan monachs
© The evoluon o Hawa's poca saus
@ Amecan may conro n Hawa
On e IP OEF, ou would daken he ovl conining e lee C)
on you nswe shee

2 The wod conovesa s coses n meanng o

® advesaal
 emakabe
© gayng
@ debaabe
Tis tpe of vocbulr iem is picll used on e IP OEFL e co­
ec esponse is (D).

3 The wod They" n he passage ees o

® he Uned Saes
 Amecans and ohe oegn goups
© n subsequen yeas
@ he sands

16
 UNDRSTANDING THE TOEFL READING SECTION

hs s  ecede ques he em ess hehe yu udesnd

h hey ees  Te cec se s B

4 Loo at the phrase in exchange for in the passage

In saying that the United States got exclusive access
to Pearl Harbor in exchange for certain trading privi­
leges," the author eans the United States:
® traded access to its arkets for a naval base in
Hawaii
 offered to rent the land it needed for a base in
Hawaii
© absorbed Hawaii by granting it ebership in the
union
@ was excluded by the Hawaiian king fro Hawaiian
marets
hs s  hle phse em I ess hehe yu cn sepely ude
sd he ds   gup d he ssemble hem  ve  
udesdg  he meg s  gup Oe clue  he meg 
hs phse s he d exchange. Sce yu e ledy mla h
exchgg mey  exchgg ddesses yu c pbbly guess
h hs hs smehg  d h  ty se- hs cse he
gh  use sme ld  H f ccess  US mkes Oce yu
hve peced gehe he lge cex, it s ese  see h he c­
ec espse s (A), traded access to its markes for a naval base in
wii

5 According to the passage, which of the following is

true about King Kalaaua?
® He was replaced by Stanford B Dole
 He ade a trade agreeent with the United
States
© He welcoed foreign groups into the island.
@ He supported bloodless revolution
hs s  exmple   c ques he espse  he ques s
decly sed  he pssge Yu uld dke ccle (B). sce he s
he lede  H h gve he Ued Ses exclusve mlr ghs
 exchge o  de geeme

17
SSNTIAL WORDS OR THE TOFL

6 Why does he auhor menion Americans and foreign

groups in he passage?
® They exered a powerful influence in local poliics
 They promoed rade beteen Hawaii and oher
counries
© They approved legislaion giving Hawaii is sae­
hood
@ They suppored Queen Liliuokalani's plan o remain
an independen naion
s e eqes y  def e 's ppse o e
 specc c  he psse. Y d de cce (A sce he
oeg gps h aved  H dd deed exe e picl
pe  ca Haa pcs

7 Find he phrase in favor of in he passage In saying

ha Hawaiians voed 17 o 1 in favor of saehood,"
he auhor means ha hey:
® suppored independence
® voed agains saehood
© waned o join he union
@ became a favorie resor.
Hee yu ud drke circe (C) wanted to join the union. I he ps­
sge e d fvor s  d ce  he e  he e pse
s s e dj pse voted lmost 7 to 1. s pse sy
sess   ve s bee ae ad  e Hs spped
sed by e an ve. Teeoe, in fvor of s dce 
psve ve  om spp o  pc ppsi  cdde.
Exe e s be I s tpe  s y s se he
seeces  e pppe pce  e psses. Y cces e
ed w  bx •J.

8 Look a he four squares •J ha show where he

following senence could be insered ino he passage

In so dong, t became the fieth state.

Where could he senence bes be added? [A] [BJ [CJ,

or [DJ

e cec pcee o s seece s [D •J.

18
 UDERSTADNG THE TOEFL READG SECTIO

9 A duc o a sh suay  he passage

appeas el Cplee he sumay y chsg
hee  he sx chces ha es suaze he r
a  he passage Se seeces d  elg
 he sumay ecause hey ae  cluded  he
passage  ae  ps  he passage

The sy  Haas pah  saehd s a subec 

cvesy

•
•
•

 Haa's clae played a aj le  s accep

ace  saehd Is agculual pducs ee
sugh y ay as aud he ld
 Ae he deah  Hawaa Kg Kalakaua ad
he usg  Quee Llukala eg eess
ecae esely vlved  he plcal aes
 he slad
© Lagely due  Aeca fuece  lcal plcs
he Uied Saes ecgzed Haa as a de
pede a jus ee achevg saehd
@ A Aeca usessa sezed he ppuy
ha eak leadeshp peseed ad led a peace­
ul vee  eve Quee Llukala 
he ps  pe
 Due  he plcal pe ha he Aecas
had  lcal gvee, a vey clse elashp
ed h he Ued Saes ha peted he
sugges  saehd  he slad na
® Because  he ageees ha ee ade
eee Haa ad he Ued Saes Peal
Ha as ale  play a pa le 
Wld Wa II.

19
ESSENTIA WORDS FOR HE TOEFL

 bs scs o b ddd o  smm a (B) (D), d ()
Yo wod dk hos  ccs

iBT Reading Comprehension Sample

Sg cso  ccos  comp soc s
Isd mos owo soc s  csd b  po
o codios d s Fo mp my scos b 
 G Dpsso   Ud Ss c b ibd o s
5  o d wodwd codios
Fs hog  m o  b  dc cs o h G
Dpsso  Msssspp Vl n mc pcd  s
dog aod  m o  G Dpsso   cd
cdd 100000000 cs  ps o s Okom Nw
IO Mxco Coodo d Kss og w h dog ms d
o od cops o sd co cops o p oso s w
 powd  opso   gsss  wod om
p mos nd kp  so  pc w dspcd s  s
 go pcd s ds soms d gc dmg
15 [ •1 I c  m Ds Bow s o sd o  o s pod
o s ds soms w  so dd d bw w  dk
cods [B •   d sss m ms cod o p
 s d dbs  d  coc b o s h ms
d  o o ss o d wok    m mgg
20 fom m o m o pck   ow wgs [C •1  pg ws
cpd b  Amc wi Jo Sbck  books sc s
Te Graes of Wrth d Of Mice nd Men. [D •1
Scod  sock mk cs o 1929 sd  sockod
s osg mo  $40 bo O Bck sd" Ocob 29
(25J 1929 s pcs o  Nw Yok Sock Ecg pmmd s
sock pcs  mo d mo vsos dcdd o  h sock
mk sg in bo 16 mo ss dd o Bck s
d tog som pom sos sc s mmbs o 
Rock m bog g qns o sock o dmos
(30J  codc  th mk  os cod o p 
cs W  s u   sock mk bgn o co in 
ds d wks   cs  dd o co og o p­
 Amc om g  G Dpsso  G Cs
spkd  w coomc smp  cd sr nds-
(35J zd cois
d, o 9000 bks d dg  1930s Uk od
bk dposs w o sd mng  m pop os 
svgs. Bks so bcm mo s o o mo Fo,

20
 UNDERSANDING HE TOEFL READING SECION

Aens spped puhsn es and, s  esul, pdun

40J ell In u, beuse pdun ws edued, empes educed
he wkes Uneplyen se  ve 25 peen n 1933 As
peple ls he jbs, hey bee unble  py  es hey
buh n nsallen plns, nd s he ds wee epssessed,
whh esuled n n nese n busnesses nvenes
451 Fth nd inly, he US veen pssed he S-Hwley
 A,  he a A  1930 he  ws spnsed by US
Sen Reed S,  Republan  Uh nd hn  he
Sene Fnne Cee, nd Repesenve lls C Hwley,
 Republan  Oen nd han  he Huse ys nd
50J Mens Cee he , whh sed US s n ve 20,000
ped ds, hd s s n pupse he pen  Aen
jbs  lbal pen he  ws n whu s ppnens,
hweve F eple, n My 1930, 1,028 enss sned 
pen skn Pesden Hve  ve he lesln Her Fd
(55J and JP Mn he eeuve Ts Ln ls e wh he
pesden  eques h he ve he  Pesden Hve ppsed
he bll bu neveheless sned  n lw Fen veens
ls ppsed he  Whle he bll ws vn huh Cness,
en veens hd heened eln by sn he 
60J es n Aen ds ped n he unes Afe he bll
ws sged n lw, en· veens lved up  he hes
F eaple, Cnd, he US.'s laes dn pne, eed
by psn new s n pdus h uned o ppx­
ely 30 peen  US eps  Cnd

1 Wh des he psse nly dsuss?

 Ples nvlvn US de
® Cuses  he Ge Depessn
© Resns o sk ke shes
@ Bks wen by Aean uhs

Yu wuld lk he vl ne  he send pn

21
ESSENTIAL WORDS FOR THE TOEFL

2 he od plethora  e 2 s coses  meg o

 e
® shoge
© compext
@ oedce

Te coec espose s (D)

3 Accodg o he pssge  o he fowig e meoed s

cses o he Ge epesso EXEP
 nk aue
® hghe s
© sme ps
@ sock mke csh

he coec espose s (C)

4 Fd he od   e 32 Usg yo mose cck o he od o
phse  he pssge h  ees o

Ts s  ecede qeso he em ess hehe yo de­

sd h he poo  ees o Usg yo mose yo od hgh­
gh he phse y cckg o the stock market  he pssge

5 Accodg o he pssge, hch o he fowg s e bo

esde Hooe?
 He esed o mee wh Her Fod
® He foed he dvce o homs Lmo
© He sppoed he Smoo-Hey  Ac
@ He sged he Smoo-Hey  Ac o 

Ts s  empe o  c qeso he espose o he qeso s

decly sed  he pssge. Yo od cck o espose (D)

22
 UNDERSANDNG HE OEFL READING SECTION

6 Why dos he uho menon conomss n h s pgph o

th pssg?
 Becuse hey cused he conomc css
® Becuse they opposd h Smoo-Hwey ar c
© Becus they cd n wys h wosnd h conomy
@ Becuse hey exeed undue nluence on Pesden Hoove

Te coec esponse s (B)

7. T wod sparked in ne 34 s coss n mnng o

 sted
® hsnd
© hmpeed
@ ncpd

T coc sponse s (A

8 h wod sponsored n n 46 s coses n mnng o

® bcked
® pd f
© tcked
@ subsdzed

Te coec esponse s (A).

9. Te wod veto n ne 54 s coses n menng o

 b
® ejc
© evse
@ consde

he coec esponse s (B).

23
ESSENIAL WORDS FOR THE OEFL

0 Fd h wd they  ln 2 Ug yu u clc  h wd
 ph  h pg h they  

h  n acd qu T   whh yu und­

d wh h pu they   Uig yu u yu wuld
hghlgh h wd by clckg  rmers  h pg

 L  h ou qu [• h hw wh h fllwg c
wuld b d  h pg:

h du clud  vld hudd  l

Wh culd h nc b b ddd [], [] [C].  [DI

Clc   [•1   h c  h pg

Yu wuld clc  h qu  yu chc  h pg  plc
h c  h pg h cc plc o h c 
[B •

2 Wh whch  h fllwg  wuld h uh  h
dg  pbbly g?
 h G Dp hd y cu
® Sc  ch huld b pvd
© Ec d  lwy w wh  b
@ Hgh t huld b ud  pc 

h cc p  (A)

24
 UNDERSTANDNG THE TOEFL READNG SECTION

13 A oduco f  sho summr o he pssge ppes belo

omplee he summ b choosg hee o he si choces h
bes summae he fmo  he pssge Some seeces
do o belog  te summ becuse he e o cluded  he
pssge o e mo pos om he pssge

Te Ge Depesso  he Ued Ses s o cused b oe

eve o codo; sed  s cused b sevel 

•
•
•
 he dough h esuled  he Dus Bol me h my
mes could o loge p he debs s  esul he hd o
leve he ms
 Te mes hd o oed he cops o used specl cops o
peve eoso
© O Blck uesd sockholdes sold he shes o socks
d los moe h $40 bllo spkng  logem ecoomc
dowu
@ he Rockeelle ml bough lge ques o sock.
 he SmooHle  c led o de elo hug
US expos
® Te Smoo-Hle  c s sposoed b o Republcs
ho ee ledes  he See d he House o Repese­
ves

he bes seeces o be dded o he pssge e ) C, d (E
Usg ou mouse ou ould clck o ech o he hee se choces
d he dg d plce ech ex o oe o he hee dos bove he
opo

25
ESSENTIAL WORDS FOR THE TOEFL

SRTEGY FOR HE iB AD IP OEFL

Ec OEFL vcb em ees    d  pse sc s 
w-d veb i  specc e  e psse Y e e sked 
def  sm   d ese cces e mked b e e
es: . B C d D You must identif the word among the choices
that i closest n meanng to the word n quotation marks. Wds  e
ver cse  dec  me e ced snonys N  bck
d eme qes 2  pe 16 
Ts qesi s tpcl  vcb ems  e P OEFL e
pc s m US sr nd e qes cs  se d 
q mks e cec se s (D), debatable. Debatable s 
sym  controversial. s  s empe e d  seec s
e e  bes mces e me  e d  q maks
Ne   o  e cces mke sese  e seece d 
e me se  e inm ve  e psse Mn vcb
r qess e we s  e ce  e seece  e ps­
se sedm eps   deeme e men  e d eeoe
 ms k e d  de  mke e cec cce
Becse e ce m  ep   sd smp k  e
deed d d cse s sm m m e  cces
e ceck  see  e sm mkes sese  e seece  hc
 ppes I s bes    se s seg becse   peve
us d sve me Y w eed s me  e edi cm
pees qess Remembe  e OEFL B d C ses
ed  be sed s me n  d D S cse B  C e
ess s emembe  se cces  c e sme
pex  sx  e pced ke e deed d e sedm
e cec ses
Ne  cce (A) adversarial, sds d s ees sm 
controversial Sc ds e  s e cec cce Sc
wds e e sed  dsc  Uess  e se  e se,
d  cse ese ds

26
 UNDERSANDNG THE OEFL READNG SECTON

Le's s h  us ur srg h  sm m L  qus
2   16   h rd  qu mrs D  rrd
h  rrrd  r h rrh h cs  sd rd h
ur chcs d m ur sc  h bs sm

Tis is an example of ow you should read vocabulary

items
+++++++ controversial" +++++++++++++++
+++++++++
 adversarial
® remarkable
© gratifying
@ debatable
Yu shud     h rd  qu mrs d h
chcs h o f u k h m  h rd d rcz
h sm hr s  d  rd h c  hch  s usd 
u d   h m  h rd u mus m  ducd
uss bu s sym T c   usu h u  dr­
m h crrc chc A  h chcs m h m bv 
 h r ct·

Troug a somewat adversaral process Hawaii was

te last territory to become a state
Troug a somewat remarkable process Hawaii was
te last territory to become a state.
Troug a somewat gratifing process Hawaii was te
last territory to become a state.
Troug a somewat debaable process, Hawaii was
te last territory to become a state.
Ts scs sh h h c ds  h u  drm
h m  h rd b sd f u sm c dcd 
h sr u c rr  h sc  hch  s usd I h cs
 h hrsl ms bv hr m b sm cus  h ct
h c h u s u h m  h hrs s shw bv
It m s h u  rmmbr  rvus rc u hv hd
h h rd Hvr u a f br  nr h c i
u  h sr d u shud  s    m li
cul rm. If u c m ss    h cus
vb  h c r rc h hrs m hr cx, sm­
p m  uss d mv 

27
ESSENTIAL WORDS OR THE TOEFL

ssent Wods for th TEFL s     

  x  br s   O   
xss   f   ss I s xss   
  f b o ssb ss Y s s   
    sy  f  xs ss 
x vs 

Contoveial
® advesaial
 emarkable
© gatifing
@ debatable
REMEMBE
• D  s    x  h   s
s       q s  s
o  sy m  se s
• Az s q S    s
 s xs  sxs  s   ss
lb 
• W q b  Y s   s  30
ss   ba qs
• Ws   s ss  s  s
   s
• As s r qs I  s ss s (B)
 (C) s  s Y s  S 3 s bs s
  b   ss

ng nd ccng u  D   fm  

OEFL   ,  w  b 31  55 s  
IT  60 s   s B   s s I 
   B    100 s   s st
S s s          
  qss s  s  q I  f 
ss  s b    q    
 s   OF
M   s! I  s  s  Rie  
 b  s s    ss Ck  sss
    i    s As bs b
a s   q        s­
s,   b      s
s A     sss   ba s 
 s   b w  s ss   ss
   ps s s.

28
 CHAPTER

IMPROVING YOUR
TOEFL VOCABULARY
H IMPOTNC OF RDING . . .  LO!
  h  w  d  c   d hc gh
gg  Yu hd d  h  cg d wud
d x  ch   w cg x
ccd rc ga d cdc  A  h
h  cdc h w h   g d  h kd  wd
d h t  wg  w d  h . Rdg c  
t  c     w h   d  c
 P   w gp  wd x d h
 c   dig  dg  c-ch
   gh-  h ig

M WOD LI

Ah gd w   w wd    wd . M 
d     wd cig g  h  d
 h    h o h  Wh  dc 
w wd  g  wd dd      wd   d 
 d  h g  h w wd  h gh  h  w
  h w wd Sd h wd  cg h n
, g  h w wd d cg h . I  
f   h c  h  cc h h w wd
d h y

LA WODS FOM OLD OEFLs

 wd h h  d   . h dlnd
wd  v     d g  h ­
q  g h  chc d  m  w
wd h  d Y c d wd     wd  
   h  h   c  d i d 
 TOEFL es s be  he dc ig Sc.

29
SSNTIAL WORDS FOR THE TOFL

AN H WODS IN HIS BOOK

Inclue all of the words lte  thi book on yor lt Tese ds hve
bee ceull eseched d seleced d m wll ppe  he
OEF
Yu shuld le pees sues d d s F  ls  hem
see Chpe 4 Suggess o sudg d s suxes d pe
xes c be ud  h chpe

EAN O US  HSUUS

Becme ml wh  hesuus A hesuus s  d ls  s
ms Whe u d  d h u d k lk  up  he
hesuus Ne  snm  he d   d ls I u d  s­
m bu sll d' k he meg  he d lk  up   pi
 le Eglsh lguge dcr i yo can't f the wor i the
thearu, t wll not be tete on the TEFL. Te OEF ess l hse
ds h hve  vet  syms F me m bu he
use   hesurus see Chpe 4

VOCBULY BUIING SRTGIS

• Red fe Chse mel h s we  cllege-level edes.
• Mke d lss  e ds h sms d pcce hem
e
• Lea ds h hve bee esed  pevus OEFs
• Le d s pees, d sues ud i Chpe 4
• Sud he ls  500 essel ds  Chpe 5  hs bk

30
 CHAPTER 4
BUILDING YOUR
TOEFL VOCABULARY

DEVLOPING WORD TACK SKILLS

We edes d  m d   seece e e smemes
be  deeme s meg b edg e e ds  e se
ece Te e ds gve e cext"  s edes  mke 
edced gess b e meg   m d
Wds   cexs   s Oe s pe gmc: e
form  e d s gmmc cec f s ps  e seece
F exmpe  k  e spce beee e d sde"
begs   djecve s  k  b" s   spce
cec e bce" c s   des 
Heve e ed k h  OEF vcbu qess 
 e pssbe ses  e gmmc cex  e seece
eeoe e degee  sccess u w ve  s p  e OEFL
depeds up ee u desd  ds meaning s e s
s om   r depeds p  e u c desd s
ps d  e  c ed s cex f ces  s meg I
s cpe   er   deeme e meg   d b
sdyig s ps
M Egs ds css  me  e pt Les exme hee
mpt pts  sd l  de  mpve  vcb

Word Roots
Mn ds  Egs c  d Geek s ese s c
ve e bsc meg  e d d e cc epeed g
e gge Kg ese s  ep u  deeme e me
g  ds w c  e  m O pge 33 s  s  cm
m s d e gee megs
Leag ese s  ep u  ecgze e bsc meg 
deds  Egs ds. Le's k  e d manfacture Mu­
ce s  cmb    ds, man d fact. Usg he s

31
ESSENTIA WORDS FOR THE TOEFL

 pge 33 e c see  mn es d d fact es ke
 d eee e c  e eg e b d
Le's l  e exple biorphy. g usg e ls  pge
33 e see  bi es le d grah e Teeoe e c
cclude  e ds eg eles  te wg   le" e
e sr   pess le

Hw  Suy Wrd Rt

ee e sevel s  sud d s Oe eecve  s 
e  s cd  ec e O ec cd e e  d  d
cg e  ls e e eig  e  d  sy
o te exple d  e bc  e cd As u pcce  e
cds s def e eg  te  te e d cig
e  Next gve  s   d s u sud e s, se
sde se u ve leaed d ccee l  se s d
ss  u ve  leaed Sve ll  e cds  eve
Me d lss We u ed Egls el ke lss  ds
t c e s  u ve suded  s seci  e b
Idef e  d l up te d   esuus We e e­
g  e  d  s  e d hs ed ill elp u 
def  ds d ss  e OEF.

32
 BUIDING YOUR TOEF VOCABULRY

Root Mening Exaple

bi  bi
bibi bk bibip
bi i big
s d is
 ic 
die  di
die d di
de r, d di
d , d d
 d k sii
 d k 
e d, k p
 sp i
o s f
  p
 i 
p i p
 s p
 sp sd  di
g sp sd  g
 d 
 d 
   t
i   i
di idd di
iss sd disiss
i sd sbi
i  ip
  i
n  sy
p  p
p i s sph
pi  pi
pd o pd
p r sp
sd ib sd
sib i sibb
sip i  pssip
s  si
s  s
s fw sbsql
tact  
p im pa
 pl d  iv
   
 ,  dv
s  s
  
e i  
k i  k
 u  d
 ,  inv

33
ESSENTIA WODS FOR THE TOEFL

Prefxes
Pxs   scd p p  ds A px s  p 
 d  s cd   bgg   d  A px dds
ng   bs d Tus,  u k  ng   px,
u ll b b ppd  d  g   d K­
g b pxs d d s ill ulck  g  usds
 Egls ds.
T  y pxs  Egls T ls bl cs sm 
 s c pxs ud  h TOEFL

Prefx Meaing Exple

 bo ne
 gns,    cp
u sl uus
b t bsd
ccu ccl, ud crcuv
c , g c
cl , g cllc
c , g cplx
c , g cds
d dw, vs dcl
ds ,  dsgad
 u, f 
x u,  xpl
 ,  pp
  ci
 b, g c
 ,  lv
c sll, n cscpc
s g, bd,  sk
  
  ss
ps  psp
p b pccp
p s p
p ,  v  p
 g cv
sub ud sub
sup ud supps
s css, v s
t  ipl
ul xcssv ulsc
u ,  udbl
u e uqu

34
 BDG   VCBL

' x h d ontt.  c d  h s 
px h on  h Up h x  h d
  h d  tat  ch h kg h xc
g  h d  c gs h h d  d  uch
d h dd ontct cv h g  cc h
h p Rg  h  d d pxs  h chp
 c c h utobirphy s "s  d w  h
r   p  w  h  p
Y c ppch  d  px h h  hd u
 g  a d s Mk  h cd o ch  h px
O ch cd  h px d  d cg h px  h
g  h px d  y  h xmp d  h bck
 h cd A  pcc h h cd s df h g 
h px h h d cg h  Nx gv   o
h d Sv   h cd o v
Mk d  Wh  d Egh  k   ds
h c h px  cgz Id h px d k p
h d   h  h g  h px d  y
o h d h hd  hp   d d h px
d syn  h OEF

Sufxes
T n d p s h ux A x  ddd  h d   d
Sl   px  sx dd g  h  d. Hv
h g   gc g  te   h c 
h d Sx d chg h c g  h d i h
 h pxs d Sx  chd  v  d djc­
v T    qs h  x  h p  h
OEF d   d k   h  u g
d Nvh,  hd c m h  h Egh
xs  h   pg 36 d 37

35
L WD  H L

AJECT SUFFIS
Su M E
le cple o fdle
n endenc o donn
e endenc o nnove
en endenc o peen
ec elng o pec
l ll o l
le cple dcele
cl elng o dencl
le o le
o ll o o
ne  qlt o eng kndne
r occpon n
p condon o e cenp
oe endenc o oeoe
  qlt o eng b

NOUN SUFFIS
Sux M Em
a plce l
on poce poplon
cle ll ncle
do e o eng do
e one o doe ece
er occpon den
ood e o eng nood
 one o doe geolog
le o cele
l lke, l o nly
en e o eng conenen
ne e o eng ppne
o ll o enoo
p e o eng czenp

AVR SUFFIS
Su M E
l e  pedcl
 e a de
ise he  oewe

36
 BUDING YOUR TOEF VOCABULRY

VR SUFFIS

u Me me

   
   
  k 
   
z  k z

IMPORT VOCULAY BUILDING TOOLS

The Dictiona
F   Eg   S Lgg  g Eg 
   It         t  
            
 g  Eg 
          
g g  g  gl 
F    g  g  
     n   g 
 f      v g
x   Eg  g g S  
 gg g
Hhy ecmmeded e ees dces  t  
       Eg   g 
gg D        Eg
     q  
xp  T       
     
Ug        ­
 o  gg      A bg
   x   g   
   x      g
,  
 gl r       ngg
 Eg    O    
 g    gg ql    
q        x   
       k  o  
g    g I     
  k k It   o Eg gg  
w   '         it  
j   ig  Y     a
    g  Eg gg .

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ESSENTIAL WORDS FOR HE TOEFL

Wt You Can Lrn

A dc ges u he n equed  chse he bes d
o u eeds A tpc dci er cns he cec speig
  d oed b he d we   phec phbe I dd
  e eae dces pde he spke d  see
s  gude  s puc Fg he phec speg  he
d s p  speech s dced e mengs  he d e ge
  ueic de sees oed b  seece h shs he
ppe use  he d Whe  de dces s he en­
gs  ds  he s cm d cue eg  he ldes
eg se s he des  he ees eg  he
es eg heee bee u chse  de u shud
ed  he egs  he e he chse he e h ees u
eeds Se dces pvde ss  ds h he se
gee eg d yms ds h he he ppse eg
Se dces ge he de  hsc deepe  he
d h os  d bck hugh dee guges  s g.
Egsh guge dces c ees sed  phbec
de h s,   A  Z de T gude ds ppe  he p
 ech pge   dci he d  he ef s he s e 
he  pges; he d  he igh dces he s e  he 
pges Yu c use hese gude ds  deee  he d u e
kng up s cned g hse ees  he  pges

 •  •  ('  pl. s o  (

Abbr x 1 h g po qt o dg
b h g qt o dg hd o odd;
h pp  o o c T i o pod dg
whh h hgh po o dg  d  A pp
 pd y w o oh hoiy 3 Asrnom 
T o wh     o ll b T
gd o h   h  o 4 Mahms.
 T g  d y  fo o  ge
r b T g     -u aj.
Abbr  1. Hvng o g h g qt o h
hgh dg h h  o   d u
teaue. 2 O ig o o kg p  am:
 u nube   seies [Li, o  o ­
iu, g)

38
 BUIDING OU TOEFL VOCABUARY

s  s h   s  h  au. B mg h

 r,   m h  s h sbs; h s
b bg s b h mk •, m••mum h  s 
b  h sg  h  s hss (mk'sd-mdm) 
h bm  r g  h , u    u
k h  g u h sh sus  h smbs Fg h
u u      sh b H  h 
 sh bs u  ms s

WOR EL
bb bb h hs b
j j  u
 b  s
 m  u
j ju sg sgu
  sy sm
 s  s
 u  b

Fng h u r  h  mamum,  n 

h u oms ( b h bb pL) pl. -mw,  -ma
 g  h bs hs bbvs mn h h 
s  u  s u  b m  s, b g h s
sb mum h ums (mamums)   (mxm) h u oms
  b h bbv  h ,  b bb x
Eh   h  s mk b  umb
 m s h   h ns s h fqu
 us  h mg  h  T s h o h s
  m sz uss Yu r   h
  hh h mgs  s Wh h umb ­
 hs se  mgs h  mk h la b., 
c s n h m  g 38 As  h s h s
ns  m ss   I h sm ,
h  w siz uss  h  mxmum   Astnomy,
3  b  h n Mthtis, 4  b   mgs
 h u om  , h r us h h 
 h j m. h s m  h r gs h  
 g, ns bks [ ] 
Ps  h s sts  usg  ml   
r  hs sts  t   h g
s:

39
SSNTIA WORDS FOR THE TOEFL

Nos Wos  do o beo o n s

ece speec
I Wos  e oe se i coeso 
seo   
S Us  h io o  s oe
e  se Is ei s s
soe
V  o  s boo o o soc ccepbe
i os ccsces
Obsoee  o  s o oe i coo se
cc  o  s  coo se b o
e se
Re Wos  ve ee bee coo  e
e
Bis Wos  e  coo se  Bs
Es
Reoa Wos  e se   e eopc
e

The Thesaus
 thaur s  coeco o os  si es s pe
see i pbec oe Tese os e ce ynonyms. Use o
 ess s ep e o s ce  o o oe o
w  s e M esses s oe pses i 
o o se os Fo exmpe oe e-ko p esus co
s oe  330,000 os and pses  oe 1,000 ceoies
Ts,  poes se ioo bo o os op o cobe
i e e s e s ces o e eis  sos
Te ees i  ess tpc co e syos  os
eqe o es eqe occece I  oe pi ess
e os so ppe  e ops o pes Te co s e sme
s  o e e os  coes, ci e s  s
os o e pes A os o e pe ppe  pbec oe
No l os e sos, e los  os o e OEFL e
os w  sos eee e se o  ess,
ee  p oie, o i  o pocess pog,  bi o
ocbr  ep o o pepe  e OEFL.
Mos o e se o bes se  coes ppe   es­
s M ees do o specf e eece beee jece 

40
 BUIDING YOUR TOEFL VOCABUARY

 s  s s   pp  s  j 
s    v m. s s   s   L's
xi      mu
au m.n spree hhest getest see best 1.
x -. sprecy heht pcle pree
ece clito tchlessess prepoderce pe,
pek retest ber hhest deree st op­
rel: see lso cl. -Ant. * fot botto.

   s  s   b d   s
 s      s s     s
F s syn s  ss     A 
   s pps  ss see best 1 s ss
s s   s     best   s  s  s
 ns   aum
 s  s  ss       
 n s    s s s    syn. s 
sys o s  s s      cli 
 s   iu A     r s
    nt,  s
T   ss   pf i s  
s      ss     ­
 p I  n pss   s 
ps s    sf n a  s 
s   ss Is e os  s 
pss s  n  s ss   ESL  EFL
ss W  s s   s  s  
  s S s  pp   OEFL O s
w   s s     ss S 
s  ps qs A  xps  ls :

Single Word Phrasal Snony

js s 
 p  jp
s  ss
s k 
 -

As   , s s  p  pss n 

 st   ps   H  s 
pss s s  Ss  s  pss  s s
ss          p s  i­
de.ned  Hps  s s    sqs  
hs pp gc.

41
 CHAPTER 5
THE ESSENTIAL
TOEFL VOCABULARY
s cp cns 30 sss Ec ss pss  s  k
OEF ds Fg  s,   10 cg xcss
A  d  c ss   10 OEF-k cbu quss
 c s   ds psd i c ss A  s
OEFk quss pd n xc cbur  s e s
sd pp     dg sc   OEF, bu s
  scs   OEF
Yu sud sud  sss n d F xp, f sudyig s
s 1, g dcy  ss 2 D  sud sss u  d  bk
s dsgd  pd ssc   ds  pvus sss B
sudg  sss u  d, u l b dg  v ss
L's xn  sp r  s  knds   u 
a

intricate aj. g y pts;  dd

av. itrcaely syn. cpx
. nrcacy

 itrte dsg   s d   ub pc  

cc
I c bg  udsd    itras  d
ub s

  us  d itrte. Dcy ud  od, u
 d  ms   s d Ts ds   s g­
 mg  ps  d pts  spch   d.
F c   ms,  p  spc s g  wg bb
s  ps  spc  usd   d s:

43
ESSENTIAL WORDS FOR THE TOEFL

adj.  adetive
adv  adveb
con  conjuncton
v - veb
n  noun
ph v  phasal veb
prepph . pepostional phrase

  s  nce    j s ps s  k
w  os   r intricately  intricacy,  s w
  r
 k w s     s  s gls I
s xp w s  intricate s soethin havin any parts
 soething that is fnely detailed.
U  m  wi   sy   k w T
s s  w  s  s   s g  t s
k w  s syn. I  xp  pg 43  s
gv o intricate s comlex.
Bw  s   w ss  sw  sg 
w  os   w T ss    x; 
s  ws sg  k w   spp  f 
g   k w 's k   w ss   xp

The intricate design of the vase made it a valuable

piece fo he collection

I cannot begn to undestand all of the intricacies

of moden automoble engnes.

 k w wl ually pp   s s  k w
s s ow   s s sg  s   
  ws  w      w I  
ws  gv   s s svs s  s
  g   k w
S w os      s. hs  ws
     sg   k  pp   
 w s pv  w       
  pw  v

STUDYNG THE WOD ENTRES

 a vr ,  s v  s p  w it
u  wg p s  s   ss w 
bldg th OEFL vl

44
 HE ESENTIA TOEF VOCABULRY

Pl  spd  ls  hu sudg h ds  ech less 

hs bk D  sud ds h u led kn

Rea
Fs d h d ees  he less cull cludg h den
 de s s d xpl sces I s p
 u  ssc he ke d h s g d s Tes
e h h s p ps  he d e

Rera
Nex d ch d  g Lk up ul ds h pp
n h xpl seces hs  h u sud h   sug
gs h u cv h k d h lk  h eng d s s­
 h di h k d Wh u  ble  d he ke
d vs h pcss b dfg he cved s Fll
cv verg n h  xcp h eag d de he k
d d s s

Fnd he Synonym

Yu   d o he chg xecs  h d  h d ls
's lk   tpcl mchg qus

  ntcate
 functona
® compex
© pedomnant
@ nordinate
h pups  h ques s  s u kldg  sns, 
k skill  he OEF Yu wll s u chcs  hs xpl u
mus chse h sy  h d intrate. T cc chc s
(B). complex. Nl ll h ds h ppe s s chcs e
k ds ducd  he s d pvus lsss Chck u
ss b eg  h As K ud  h bck  hs bk
Yu   d  s u skll  cul OEF-lk quesis
's lk  h llg s ques

The ntcate desgn of the budng's facade s tpca of

budngs of the nneteenth centuy.
 functona
® accuate
© standad
@ complex

45
ESSENTIAL WORDS FOR THE TOEFL

Ts es quesi s tpc  e quesis  e cbu sec

 e OEFL Yu us cse e   s e sme  s
men s e uee   e seece Ms EFL quess
  use e  n cexc seeces eefe s e eae
 Cpe 2 u  pbb  be be  eeine e en 
e  b en e seece Teeoe  ec  e ue
ed  n   e e seece L o s sm 
e fu cces Te cec se s (D), complex Ms  e nse
cces o e es quess  e e  ec ess e e s
nuce   ess
Ae u e sue e  eies  e ss 
cmpee e pcce execses me ls cs O e se  e
c ie e e   s ee fs O e e se  e
c we s syny Reie ese cs see imes u e
ees befe u OEFL es sess I u e pep f  specc
OEFL es e e  su sceue bse   uc me u
e befe e OEFL F exmpe  u e sx ees befe u
es e pn  su e esss ec ee
Be sue  u nze u cs I s sugese  u 
ze u cs n pbec e b synonyms  b e lesson
number. Keep  ups  cs; e up o e s u e
eae e sec up f hse s u ee  ea Ree e
sec up me e n e s up  s  u e

s u cbu s eu  e execses n es quess
 ec ess
B on s su p u    u e bee pe­
pe f e mpn  e u e e OEFL

NWERING PHSA QUETION

 es e pse-tpe ques s pvie  ec  s bs 30
esss Ec ques cns  s psse  uses e use
  cbur em  cmb  e s   s e
upe  F expe densel s    ppes s  se
em  e  ese esss bu  s e cmbe  e 
populed  fm e pse deely populed. eefe, densel
populated s ee s  e pse  e  e ps quess n
e b It s s useu  ea e mens  se s bu
 s s mpn  ea  ese s cmbe  e s
n cmm  ps   ups
 nse ese quess  s epu  use  u e
k bu e s  s   eep  e smpe sees n
m. Le's  me cse  e desel populaed expe.

46
 HE ESSENTIAL TOEFL VOCABULARY

Fs u sud d  pssg cu A    u d
 k u  d  cn d  g   
ps s d    pssg s  s cs u 
  ps s sg  d   dsui  pp 
 pcu cu S  cs g  cs  s 
 p   cuysd  u   ss   
ds   cn cus u udsnd  g 
g   pssg  uss d dms 
Udsdg  g ng d  pss cx s p
 ug  u  c up w  g s   pcic
qus  s :

In stating that th Nthlands is dnsly populated, th

autho means that its
® popl a vy unvnly distibutd
 population is the lagst in Euope
© population is the lagest pe squa kilomete
@ citis ar th lagst citis in Euop.

Wu gg uc u u c p guss   s
s  s C) snc  cs  css  sg   cu
s   cns    pp u sg   cs 
   cur  Eup H    sps u
c  jus   su
Yu c s         g d  s cs
deely Nc   d s  d s s   s
 ds  djc d  ;  s snc,  s u ow
heavily populated  pcu Eup cur sh  pp
 cs p squ  O d cs  pss
   cgs F xp s c s d
b ppss (corom } s c us pcdd  pp
ss ( ipulse), nd s c us pcdd  djecs
(cuhin blow). I  ds   us s uc  u 
d's o  p  spc s u cn  g  s g d
spcc   udsndg  s sp w   ds
ud 
F c   sc   ps u v d 
s F xp u  dsc  u  d cud
 ps  u dg dpg u ss  cu­
a ug xs dng-d u   cdd   
 u ls cds Ts pss   cs cus  
c usd   gug. F  s u    c
css    t  cxs  fqu us s s 

47
ESSENIA WORDS FOR HE TOEFL

es wh desd hese wds  cb c ve  

deepe d e ee desd  he e s  whe

Word Combinations in This Book

he be beg bew cdes he wd cbs d phses
hhhed  he bks 30 vcb esss
 he s c  he e  c see c 
b ech wd cb's p  speech F expe diapprve
of s descbed s  veb becse  s h e i  Elsh seece:

Sheila disapproves of students who make a lot of nose.

I he secd c he chpe  whch ech wd cb s
od s speced F  stve seece s ve  he hd
cm
he be w hep  ea ew phses d wd cbs, s
we s ee sees  ea ew wds  cb whe­
eve  d he

Word Combinations in This Book

(See te second column for lesson number)

VRS Exaple
dsppve  1 My ces w dsppve
 ce  c phe se
(see  dve  2 My pepe c see  dve
i v  b ces
c  3 A chee ches c 
c  s sds
(be) deeed  4 M esdes e deeed 
esc he vee  dee
wk  5 N e cd wk  he pbe
cn  12 he vere ced  he
ps  he csuc  ew
ds
(be eped  12 he wee eped  hve pwes
h peced he f ck
ce css 18 Jh ce css se d cs
whe ce  he bsee.
k ve 19 Te chec ked ve he hse
ps ce

48

VERS (continued)
ke he te
ec 
 
cc 
g 
(be) eed 
(be) pec 
se 
(be) pe  epe
c 
AJECTIES + NOUNS
gg qes
cshg 
ce--ce eces
hegheed weess
gd decese
lced ew
ce pes
THE ESSENTIA TOEFL VOCABUARY
Exaple
20 Te cee d kes the ­
e d es he  wd
21 he c ecs  he pesece
 cd  ug ed
21 Te sdes   se p­
es dg he 
22 Scess seek  cc 
pered cces  g eds
22 Te ds e gh
  chges n c
g pcesses
23 Te ches s espec
ewed  s  pes
24 We sge s pec   css
 s ced s
24 Hs gd gdes se f hs
dedc  sdig
26 Hsc cs  he pymds
e pe  epe
26 She hd  c  he cs 
shppg he shppg e
5 Whee h e s se s s
 gg qes.
8 he pe's e s 
cshg   g
13 Lck  ee cc s  sg
 dsespec  ce--ce
eces
16 Hegheed waeess hs ed 
  geehse gses
17 A gd decese w 
se spedg  epyme
18 1 es ae ges  ced
vew  pepe podcs, d ees
28 A ssce wh ce pes
d c k ce
49
ESSENTIAL WODS FOR THE TOEFL
V + JCI
wesued
cmpe es
dese ppued
excep eed
udmel sud
peus cse
p med
pme dsped
seee pushed
OON + NOUN
 s ce
 mpuse
COMPATV JECV
me pele ha
HS ROON
 cjuc wh
 pps 
50
xaple
5 Te me s we-sued o
he jb
6 I s cmpe es  swch
 sme Iee ses
9 he Neheads s he ms
dese ppued cur 
Eupe
10 Ree ew chde e
excepl eed muscl
14 NASA s cde h spcecs
e fdmel sud
15 he wd cme peus cse 
si he pd  he 1980s
27 he shp ws p med e he
ns wh ued he uese
29 he eecc b cde s 
pmney dsped   pduc
30 I sme cues, hhspeed
dv s seee pushed
7 Pes ew he medc
pess s sesh  s ce
25 Pschg hs exped wh
puchses e mde  mpuse
11 Sps ut ehces e me
pee h cmpc cs
5 Gd d des  cjuc
wh eece de educ
mes ds se.
19 hee s w seme i
pps  se bss sh
 LESSON 1
• aboad • attactive • interention
• abupt • autonomous • pesistent
• acceptable • chonic • postpone
• acclaim • disappoval • valid
• advese • disuptive • withdaw
• aspect • haphazadly

abroad dv o o  oe couy

syn. oeses eo
Lous Amsog ofe ee brd
Lvg boad c e  euco exeece

abrupt dj. quck wou wag

av abply syn sue
n abupness
Tee ws  bup cge  e wee
e e ce eeroe ef buptly

acceptable dj owe o sscoy

v. accep syn pemsse
av accepaby
n accepabt
aj accepng

Te e ws acceptable o eeyoe

Te egs accepte moe ppcs n e sou e

acclaim n eussc ppo; ppuse

aj accamed syn pse
n. accamaion

Leoo DCpo s ee accla o s  co

Acclaie uos oe win uze Pes

adverse aj spesng ojecoe, o 

av. advesey syn uoe
n advesy
n. advesar

he gme ws cnceled by ocs due o e adese wete

coos
Hs ecso aversely ece s jo peomce.
51
ESSENIAL WRDS FR THE TOEFL

aspect n.  pa  chacesc  smeh 

eeme
y ce
I wud us he pesss dvce n h sect  ecmcs
Tee e my sc sect  he cmpe pcedue

attractive ac. ci e  pes ceg

v aac ees pet
n. aacio
n atacveess y ppe
av. atacvey

he de  wki ou e-hu w dys ws ttctve  m
empyees
he mj ttcton  he shw ws  speech by he pesde

autonomous dj by se wh  ssc

av. aoomousy y depede
Mexc becme  tonomou se  1817
Ahuh w csey wh he erme,  busesses uc
tonomosly

chronic aj. wys pese; cual

av. chocay y cs
he uh's chrnc hedche peeed he m sh he
chpe
He s chrnclly e  css

disapproval n he c  dsee   pp

v. dsappove y bjec
av. dsappovgly

Te sarvl  he p cused he epeme  be bded

Te sudes srve  he ee  dfcut  he es

disruptive  cus cus d eup

v. dsrp y. dsubi
n. dsupio
av. dspvely

Feque quess dun ecues c be sptve

Te sm cused  ipto  bus sevce.

52
 HE ESSENTIL TOEFL VCBULARY

haphazadly  g o oe o pte by cce

aj apazad yn bly celessly
 apazardess

I ws obos  e ose ws bl hhadly

Ss complee e ssgme   hhzd wy

interention n kg co; be ole

 nevee yn oleme

e os inervenion elpe m mpoe s ge

Some wol lees ece o o inerene  e s o oe
os

pesistent aj. coos; esg o ge p; m -i

v. pess co o ecso
. pessece
av pessely yn cos
e orey's perisen qesog sele e wess
He perience eae e  spo o e em

postpone v o cge o  le me; o ely

aj. pospoabe yn escele
 pospoeme

e eeees ece o potone he socce mc

Te potonemen o e meeg pse e mpe clb membes

d j. pocg  ese esl bse o us

. valdty o cs
av vaidy yn cocg
e ses   alid eso  mssg clss
e poesso qesoe e validit o e es esls

withdaw v. o emoe ke o, o ke bck

 whdawa yn exc

e plye wihrew fom e compeo.

Glo  o mke  wihrwl fom e svngs o py o

53
ESSENTIAL WORDS FOR THE TOEFL

MTCHING

Choose he soym

1 whdw 6 hphad
 exc  sdde
® descbe ® secel
© cop © ceess
@ covce @ cosl

2 oomos 7 cos
 depede  dsupo
® sdde ® ccepbe
© eo © bp
bp @ pesse

3. chonc 8 d
 mos  ctie
® sbe ® cocg
© cos © om
@ od @ bp

4 eree 9. fob
 oe  tce
® oppose ® hphad
© ep © ccepb
@ cee @ dese

5. spec 10. pospoe

 co  espod
® e ® eschede
© chcesc © sse
@ objeco @ ee

54
 HE ESSENTIA TOEF VOCABULRY

LESSON MLTIPLE-CHOICE TEST QUESTIONS

1 A csos o s  oo o autonomous coes

 gee  erio de beee ebe ses s ee
o escos Te pce  a o oe esco o podcs
ee he csos o o oebe ses Oe o he
bes-kow csos os s he Eope Uo o EU
e od autonomous  e psse s coses  e o
 sse
® cced
© pospeos
@ depede

2 Te sec o de  bod odos ed o e dscoe nd

se o sk Msk s  sce sed  pefes I s obed
o e sex ds o e e sk dee  s dee ie
o e oos eos o e Hs Te odo o sk
pee d persistent, s beeed o c s  podsc
I s, sk sees e cos o de eo,
povd ecoo, d c es
Te od persistent  he psse s coses  e o
 ce
® dsupe
© cosn
@ pes

3 U e e iee ce l bbe s exced

haphazardly o ees d n e jes o Soh Amec
I s expese d e spp s ce Hoee, d
e 1860s e de o nspotn ubbe ees o e Bs
cooes  As s coceed. Ts ed o e e-sce
co o bbe ees o oed pos
e od haphazardly  e psse s coses  en o
 ceess
® secey
© cosy
@ dneos

55
ESSENIA WORDS OR THE TOEFL

4 Sme ms se d c  disrupt  d-e

peds pecep Oe ms e c pes 
ed w e sdgs Sc c sees o
pec,  c mes,   dsc eemes Cled crc
c,  ses e ms' g pce, s, d mes 
deese Cpc c m ed  m s e  s
eme h  s ly nse
e d disrupt  e pssge s cses  meg 
 ds
® dsce
© i
@ e

5 Cge ppces  ep ssme h em dsdes

e e es   ees  peceps Te md
m epe  ee s sc  clmg, pp  sd e
em dsdeed pes m pecee adverse ees
s pes es Cge pscepes seek  mke
e pe e  e lt  s pecep d 
sse me  es  sc ees
Te d adverse  he pssge s cses  meg 
 ms
® eeg
© ese
@ e

6 Icesg, es e es  eeges  k

 ex  e pes le dvg F my, pe se
d dg ae peec cmpe; es, ee, e me
esy dsced, especl e seg  msc e gg
me  ccdes ssced  pe se spps s
cm M cmmes  disapprove of s  s mc
 e e fdde ye  y ge  se ce pes
e dg
I sg  my cmmes  disapprove of ese
pes, e  mes  e
  edse e ppuat
® cdem  ppse e se
©  e se y b ds.
@ gee  e esced se

56
 HE ESSENTI OEF VOCBULARY

7 Fs e used o ccue a  ooms d budgs d 

coog d drig peope, mes, o poducs Ee hough
a h s ccued b   s comog, o n cu coos
he a. A codoes use  compced pocess o coo he
 d cee chnges  empeue Whe epg  
s ee smpe,  poesso epm w oe hae
to interene he home oes ce pobems h he a
codog us
he ods to interene  he pssge s coses  meg o
 o be eesed 
® o e bou
© o ge oed
@ o be peped

8 odoes ske  m es o he od, bu ohee e

he s eque o s desg s  he Ued Ses 
s odo be" embces ge poos o he Ge Ps
o he Ued Ses d he souhese poo o he cou
odoes pose he gees hes o hese es, hch e
espec uebe o abpt chges  ehe codos
Te od abpt  he pssge s coses  meg o
 sudde
® vd
© shp
@ dec

9 Fo ome  he 1920s, feedom i dess eeced he e

feedom o ke up cees O  sm pecege o ome
pusued such oppoues, bu he eouo chge
eced he tpes o cohes o by mos ome Fo exmpe,
ouses becme acceptable e  mos  ces
Ts mesoe  he sho od oed moe stlsh d
combe cohg sed o moe m modes o dess.

Te od acceptable  he pssge s coses  meg o

 usbe
® edube
© beebe
@ pemssbe

57
ESSENTIAL WODS OR THE TOEFL

0 The No Fm Bod o Cd s esbshed i 1939

o poduce ms h eec Cd e d hough d
o dsbue hem boh domescy d bod By wg
ds fom m esvs oud he old,  hs eaed
nero acclaim  he tsc d echc exceece
o s ok.
The od acclaim n he pssge s coses  meg o
 sco
® pse
© ccepce
@ co

58
 LESSON
• advanag • circumvn • rai
• advn • coid • hyday
• agil • conmporary • myh
• abi • distribue • rfn
• appaing • ncourag • worhwhi
• cbrad • nrgic

advantage n somehg h m hep oe o be

av. dvageousy successu o o g somehg
aj dvngeous syn bee
Is hee ay dve  g ey?
He ws dvteuly bo o  ch my

advent n. he comg o ppece o somehg

syn a
Wh he dve o compues mny ss hve bee mde ese
Te oches's es ewsee ouced he dve o he
upcomg coce seso

agile adj be o move   quc d es w

a gey syn. mbe
 geness
. git

Dee ae ver gile ms

She moved gilely coss he sge

albeit conj. spe o he cs egdess o he c

syn hough
Hs p ws successf lbei g
Albei dcu  mes, spekg ohe guge s ewdg

appealing adj. tcie o eesg

v. ppe syn lug
 ppe
av. ppengly

Wog bod s elig o mny peope.

Tough hs speeches he cdde apeled o he voes
59
ESSENIA WORDS FOR HE TOEFL

celebrated aj. cclmed ellko d popul

syn eowed
Te btd ps wll be gg  coce hs eeed
S Fcsco s lbtd  s mulculul meup

circumvent v. o go oud; od

n cicumveto syn. ede
he hce emped o cuvnt he compue's secuit ssem
Crcuvnton o he feshm mh equieme s possble

collide v o h oe obec gs ohe wh

n collso ole ce; o be i opposo
syn. csh
he oison cused mjo dmge o boh cs
Moo ces ee cused he lge seods oded wh he moo

contemporary dj. mode up-o-de o (n)  peso lvg

n. coemporary  he sme me s ohe peso
syn. cue
Contmow checue mes er good use o spce
Cees s  ontmow o Shespee

distribute v o dde mog people o o ge ou

n dsrbuo syn. dspese
My publshes o distbut he esppes  he Iee
Te distibuton o seeds s er quc h hs e mche.

encourage v. o pomoe help, o suppo

n ecouraemet syn smule
n. ecourager
av. ecouraly
av. ecoura

he goeme cu aes  ode o noua spedg

Te poesso ge ech sude e nouant h s eeded o
le he mel

6
 H N F VBURY

energetic aj ull  lie cin,  pwe

 eeg s vigus
av eeeal

Sm hsn been s gti s he usull is

Tees  l  gy in hese beies

fal aj. wek in helh  in bd

 fraty s. gile
Te f wings  he newbr bid culd n li i  he gund
One  he fates  humn beings is lainess

heyday .  high pin  success  bundnce

s. pinncle
Mny seles becme ich duing he heda  he Cliri gld
ush  he 1800s
We e living in he heday  digil cmmunicins

myth . n invened s  ide

aj mhoocal s legend
 mhoog

Tughu his mhs wee ceed in n emp  explin mn

cmmn nul ccuences
Mythloy is the sud  legends nd bles

refne v  me pue;  impve

. efineme s. peec (veb)
aj. efined

cies mus f il befe i cn be used s uel

A squi  lime juice is he peec refnmt  cl

worhwhile aq. vlue in ding smehing

s ewding
I ws worhwhe wiing en hus in line f he ices.
I's worhwhi  pepe o he OEL

61
ESENIAL WORD FOR THE OEFL

MTCIG

Coose te soym

1 ccumet 6 eoed
 celete  ukow
® ttct ® celeted
© ede © dese
@ ppel @ dsppoe

2. dtge 7 othle
 eet  eadg
® pesstece ® cceptble
© mleess © gle
@ llue @ pemtted

3 gle 8 goous
 moder  ttcte
® mous ® eutifl
© eed © eegetc
@ fa @ dtgeous

4 cotempo 9. ee
 tmg  pesst
® cuet ® lue
© ell-o © peect
@ peect @ dvde

5. ppelg 10. ed

 eed  geemet
® ecougng ® cclm
© llug © postpoemet
@ popul @ pcle

62
 THE ESSENTIAL TOEFL VOCABULARY

LESSON 2MLIPLE-CHOICE TEST QUESTIONS

 Oer he ers esgrs he eued he c kre 

res where sghigs  he ceebrated Abmbe Swm
he bee repred Te sme scess he ceced phsc
edece such s oprs bd prs d phgrphs bu
hs edece rems uccg I 1960 he rewed
mueer Sr Edmud Hilla  New Zed cduced a
esg  he reprs  he creure, bu ud  edece
 s exsece
Te wrd celebrated  he pssge s cses n meg 
 euse
® mbguus
© rewned
@ dsc

2 Eercses h demd l bd veme mpre nd

m ess Te ms eecve w  ee mre mely
er d eneretic s  egge  erbc ct  es hree
mes  week r 30 mues Such ces m cude Jggg
rug swmmg dcg, d s wlkg
Te wrd energetic  he pssge s cses  meg 
 grus
® 
© ge
@ ppeg

3 Ms pepe d  pprece he mprce  pckgg

Pckges mii he purt d eshess  her ces nd
prec hem m eemes usde I he ces re hrm.
crrse r psus he pckge mus s prec he
usde evrme A pckge mus def s ces whch
ces distribution  he prduc
Te wrd distribution  he pssge s cses  meg 
 usge
® dsrup
© dspesg
@ dersig

63
ESSENTIA WORDS FOR THE TOEFL

4 A contemporary sse mg pschgss s he c 

cse  e s sce  cpes d s cs
d cseqeces Ech  hese specs c be csdeed
f  bscl e Geel bscl her cses 
he ephsgcl specs  es d he es s
gzes  cg d s  c
The d contemporary  he pssge s cses  eg 
 ce
® cced
© ceps
@ ed

5 The e ss  he Hds Re sch ee Ths

Dght Ashe Dd d Ths Ce The d he
wideess  he Hds Re le appea ling. Alhgh
hese pes sded  Epe he s cheed  ese
 sccess  he d chse he c hee  he
eeess d sped  he Aec e
The d appealing  he pssge s cses  eg 
 nyig
® gng
© specca
@ g

6 Rece ps sgges h ee pepe see  advantage in

g  he ct h he sed  Thee s  e he
ces ced c dees ke peu ges: ces hd
e jbs bee schs e sevces Td pepe e see
p ce sess d epe hee he ce s
ppt sed  dges, he see dsdges 
pg he es o he cet  b e
I sg h ee pepe see  advantage in ig  he
ct he h es h ee pepe
 csde ces  p p
® pee  ece  bg ces
© ke  pse e  ces.
@ ie ct e s dges

64
 HE ESSENIA TOEF VOCABULRY

7 T gog popu o so   950s d

 po ug po   r od s
dop cd s   cocs  pop
o d i  sgl s o' sos L, wh 
advent o sl d cb ', los o, gdss o
oco, s b o pc hs  du
T od advent   pssg s coss  g o
® dpdc
@ oc
© poso
 l

8 Psss m  do  goup o Ea od T

 gdd s  os g od o  bds d occu
 budc Hus  og jod psss  
sogs d  os n a o coos, ps, d
bvol s M psss a cosdd o b qu
agile. Aog  os gc o h s  so, os
s bod s dsgd  oss ug
T od agile   pssg s coss  g o
® b
@ dcb
© bod
 s

9 I p bcus sod ds o spo pd,  c es

o  Ud Ss, spg s od oy dug spcc
pdd ssos Fo p,  Msssspp dl s,
spg s lod o b Ocob d M I  ps,
s so sso d  dcu o d sp ou o sso
Ho,  dop o zg cqus   1940s
encoaged  spg dus o pd, kg   gobl
dus.  Ud Ss o pos sp fo o sxt
cous d sp c b boug  y  o  
 od encouaged   pssg s coss  g o
® dcd
@ ccpd
© sud
 d

6
EENI WOD FOR HE OEFL

10 Scec dscples such s geec egeeg ae exlodig

wh possbles As  esul o e echologes d pocedues
o e helh codos e emes  may dseses
hve bee developed Alhough he developme o dvaced
mehods ll conue o chge he ce o helhce, mol
beles oe collide with scec dvcemes, slog do
te pogess o some healhce emes.
Te phse collide with  he pssge s closes n meg o
 ae  opposo o
® e bse fom
© e ssoced h
@ ae cocered bou

66
 LESSON
• ater • enign • potentia
• anayze • conorm • propose
• ancient • enrich • restore
• annoying • intensif • turbuent
• anticipate • intoerae • vital
• ascertain • ongoing

ter v. o chge o mke dee

v ered sy modf
n terto
aj. tebe
av. teby

W the stom altr s couse ad mss the cos?
Go hs't alered he pas to etur to schoo.

ayze v. o stud somehg cely; o septe

v lyzed ito pats  stud
n. yss
sy. exme
Scetsts must aalyze pobems hoough
Aalysis o he subsace cons the pesece o oge

ncient aj somethg om  og me go; e od

sy od
Acheoogsts aye acie cvlztos
De ud  acie Rom coi

anoying aj.  sght bohe; dstubig to  peso

n oyce sy. bohesome
v. aoy
av. oyigly

Mosquoes c be  aoyin p o  cto t the bech

She aoyed he pets b comg home e

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ESSENIAL WODS OR HE TOEFL

anticipate v o  o o ee f someg

a tpor ed o me
 cpo sy edc
No oe c atciate e esls o e gmes
ey led e co w atciat

ascertain v o dscoe d o

aq scetbe sy deemie
a sceib
 scee

I ed o asceta  e s ellg he u

e jy mde  decso sed o s ascertamet o e cs

benign adj. dog o m o dmge gele

sy mless
He s  a, be smle  mes eeroe comfble
Te mold o e ls oed o e be

conorm v o fllo esblsed les o es o

 cofomt evo
 confomst
sy d
Yo ms com o e les o lee e cl
Se s lys ee  cfrmst

enrich v o me c; o me someg o gee

 enchmet le
aj echg
sy ece
e e s ech o les
e dscoey o ol s  echmet f e cor.

intensif v. o mke soge  eeling o qlt

. tesy sy ege
aj tese
aj esve
av tese
av. esvel

e moce o e es wll somemes ten e eosess o

e sdes
he cess mc s plyed h ge testy.

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 THE ESENTIA TOEF VOCABULARY

intoerale dj dcul o pl o expeece; o ble

n oernce o ccep dee ys o houh o
av ntoerby behvo
av noerty
q. oer sy ubeble

Ay opposo o he ules s itoleable

Hs boss s itolet o hs dess

ongoing dj cou

sy cue
Te uo pojec s  ongoi pom o he school
M ods s  ooi job

potentia n  blt hppe, o oppout h

aj potei hs o occued o bee deeloped
av poteiy
sy possblt
Te medcl sudes he show e otetil o become docos
Smll spce hees e  otetil fe had

propose v o suges o pl o do someh

n. proposa sy sues
n proposto
aj. proposed

Te oero s o o rose e xes

He prosl s ell cceped

restore v. o e bck o b bck someh;

n restorto o eur o he oin codo
aj. restored sy elie
He estoed my cofdece  hm.
I s  beuul estotio o he old ble

turbuent dj o be   dsodeed dsubed o

n. trbuece usble codo
av. trbulety
sy. choc
Te ple le houh  e o tubulece
Te tubulet cod ssed o  mee h he pme mse

69
ESSENTIAL WORDS FOR THE TOEFL

vta aj. o re mportnce; ull o lfe

n. vt syn. ndspensle
av. vlly

Mone s vital o he sccess o he proga

His inense vitality ws esly oservble.

70
 THE ESSENTIAL TEFL VOCABULARY

MTCHG

Choose he soy

1. dspesble 6 poel
 brup  rco
® brod ® possblt
© l © cpo
@ fal @ perssece

2 resore 7. beg
 ppel  hless
® relze ® wea
© rc © essel
@ dsrp @ mscle

3 conorm 8. erch
 o  ler
® dvde ® dspese
© ecorge © dsrp
@ dp @ ehce

4 rble 9. berble
 choc  spig
® oler ® orble
© og © olerble
@ derse @ ce

5. scer 10. proposl

 del  qeso
® reder ® eo
© deerme © beef
@ sser @ sggeso

71
ESSENIAL WORDS FOR HE TOEFL

SSON 3MUIPLE-CHOIC TST QUSTIONS

1 T p  w p ms ee s kw s 

p pp sd Suds  fud s p  
sm mg d s d uu gups Hw 
p  sd s sg mg s gups
A s um sps  p my  s s  sg 
ss   uul  sl vms Hw
s   s msk  susss  a jur  
xmg pys
T wd ee  h pssg s ss  mng 
® us
 d
© s
@ ub

2 Nu dds  uzd  s us s dug

pdu  ec  ods i d   dy
ds   dd us  fd susus Nwds,
ms  mmy ddd  m ods i d  s
 ut u F xmp mis A ad D  ddd
 dr d  pdus ad sl   B ms 
ddd  s.
T wd ec   pssg s ss  mg 
® 
 
© pdu
@ s

72
 HE ESSENTIA TOEF VOCABULRY

3 I ode ucuig poduco ces h poduce

equpe sese o evoe coo  dusee
okg e wh sc epeue d hudt coos s o
vit poce Seess psc s d cegs, ee
ghg,  couous o o dusee , d d ceg
e eues o hs ce oo Wokes e spec cohg,
cudg hed coegs Whe eeg hs oo, hey pss
hough  shoe" o eoe cos
Te od vit  he pssge s coses  eg o
 dspesbe
® ey
© exee
@ dubous

4 Hu popuos e cssed  es o geecy

sed s Fo goups h he ed  geeos 
ce ocos, esech uses he oge geec eecs
o evoe cos such s ce d de Ongoing
esgos ck he hsor o eouo d s geec
chges d hep o ep he ogi o geecy deeed
dseses d he og-e nuece
he od ongoing  he pssge s coses  eg o
 cue
® hoough
© poposed
@ epoy

5 I he 1890s,  sig geeo o youg ogzlo

edes ce o he poc scee hese edes sed
he a d pcce o pocs  he Ued Ses, by eecsg
sog edeshp d by bgg bou suo chges
h heped revitaize poc deoccy Mos mpo s
he cheee o ecooc d soc obeces, such s
egso o pee chd bo, d ccde suce syses
o pode copeso o jued okes.
Te od revitize  he pssge s coses  eg o
 esf
® esbsh
© e
@ esoe

73
ESSENTIA WORDS FOR HE TOEFL

6 Tee e oe h 100 tes o seces o chmeeo A

ebe o he zd  he cheeo es  coes
s dese s Mdgsc S d S Lk I s hogh
o chge coo o conform to s sodgs b h s
e e Whe chges do occ wih chges i gh o
eee esecy he he cheeo s rgheed, s
e coo el ches s ede sodgs
 sig h he cheeo's coo conorms to s
sodigs he ho es h 
 des o he coo o s seig
® coss wh s sodigs
© cshes ih he coos od 
@ ooks he se s s evoe

7. ed gh esso hooghs e c he o

sooes Te cooso d eee o heey
bodes c ofe be deeied b naysis o hoos ke
wh  ce h s sese o ed gh essos Usg
ed deecos sooes c obsee cooe cees
objecs h he c wh oc deces sce ed
do s ess eced b iese ds h s gh
he od naysis i he ssge s coses  eg o
 iesco
® exino
© dseso
@ odco

8 Wokig eioes  hch od ose s eqe cn be

h o he eoee Asde o s beig nnoying,
he os esbe hsc eec o ose oio s dge
o heig Ts  be ehe eoa o ee d
 cse dsuo o o ces I ok es hee
ose s  poble ce shod be ke o oec he es h
egs
Te od nnoying n he ssge s coses i eg o
 dc
® ogoig
© bohesoe
@ eed

74
 HE ESENL OEFL VOCBULARY

9 e csuc  shee fu m he s sbe hum

scetes bu 000 yes  s cseed  be m he
ms mp  l ancent hum ctvtes e sysemc
pceme  oups  hus mke  mmeus cuu
trst wd he fmt  ws I eeed ew eeds
 esuces  ws ccmpe by  snc cese n
echc v
e wd ancent  he psse s cses i me 
 
® cu
© snc
@ ded

10 eek  ke dvae  ew ecmc treds  the e

1800s Mb's ees me mpn ches n ecmc
pces. ese ches whch antcpated ew ecs
 ecmc devepme  the eg k ve  the
uque busness bues  he pvnce Du he ey
1900s, these pces ve he pvice  ve ve he
pe pvces
Te wd antcipated  he psse s cses  me 
 ecue
® yze
© med
@ pedced

75
 LESSON 4
• amiguous • deceptively • mundane
• arbitrary • designate • petition
• assert • determined • relinquish
• astounding • elicit • resilient
• astute • emody • stagnant
• concur • instigate

amiguous d o ucle meg somehg h c be

v mbguousy udesood  moe h oe w
 mbguty yn gue
Te me eceed  auous messge fom he boss
He lee ws ull o auies.

arbitrary d  co o decso mde wh lte

v. abrly hough ode, o eso
 bness yn hphzad
He choce o clohng seemed atry
he eche btily decded o ge he clss  es

assert  o exess o deed oesel sogl; o

v. ssevey se posiely
 sseriveness yn. decle
. sseron
a sserve

Te goeme rted s cool ove he bkg ssem

he comp pesde s  srtiv ddul.

astounding dj. er supsg

v. sound yn soshg
v soundngly

he scess mde  atounding dscoer

Te s wee stoundd b he em's success

76
 E ESENIA OEF VOCABULY

astute aq ey ee sm cee

aj astutely sy pecepe
n asuteness

He s  atut oke s n  e me  ook e oes
o ns
Tey atutly deemed  ee oud be o cce o s
o me

concur v o e e sme opo o d e

n onurene sme cocuso
sy ee
Te deco cocured  e cocusos o e commees epo
Do you cocu w e des o e busess p?

deceptively d mk someth ppe ue o ood

aj. deepve e  s lse o bd
 deceve sy msedy
 deepon

Te mgc dcptvly mde e bb dsppe

Rcd dcvd Joe bou e cos o e co

designate v. o specf me o seec o do  sk;

 desgnaon o dce
n desgnao sy ss
Te pesde dsintd e ce pesde o epese m 
e mee
Te dsitd dve doe eery oe ome e e pa

determined aj. so  oe's opo, m  covco

n. deteminaon o d ou
v. detemne sy. esoue
Tey ee dtmnd o o o due scoo.
Te jude dtmd  e m s yi

77
ESSENIA WORDS FOR HE TOEFL

elicit v  ge he cts  d  he h

. lcao yn ec
A we l elct l the cs ecessr  pve he cse
Elctaton  he uth c be dc  mes

embody v  be  gd empe   ccep  de

 embodm yn eempf
Te csi s  embodent  Amec dels
Che embode   he qes   gd ede

instigate v t cse  cct  gme

 isgao yn e
aj sgav
av sgavy
N e ke h hd nstiated he dems
Dsssc h gveme pces nstiated he ev

mndane ad. cmm  ine

av. mudany yn da
 mudass
 mudat

Te stdes undane smme jb sed he

Hs mhe sked hm  d  he undane hsehd ches

petition v.  mke  eqes

 po yn. ppe
Cd pettoned he Ued Ns  csde s cse.
he sde's petton s deed.

relinqush v.  gve p c

. rqushm yn bdce
Te bed execve elnqushed he c o he cmpy.
he relnqushent  hs cm  the bdg  l he bildg
 be sd

78
 THE ESENTIA TOEF VOCABULARY

resient aj. srong enough o recoer fom dcu

av esilieny or dsese
n. resiience syn encous
She hs  rsilint personalt and w soon e beer
Te docor ws surprsed by hs pen's rsilinc

stagnant aj. no movng or deeopng

n. sagnaion syn. s
v. sagnate

Te stgnnt wer ws  perec home r fogs.

Some sy h eeison cuses he mnd o stagnte

79
ESSENTIA WORDS FOR THE TOEFL

MTCHG

Choose he soy

1 ppea 6 msedgl
® etch ® up
 sse  decepe
© peo © pogessve
@ esoe @ u

2. mude 7 sg
® ceeed ® s
 odir  owg
© soudg © agr
@ ee @ eomous

3 nsge 8. ese
® e ® ohesome
 empoe  vt
© esf © uee
@ esoe @ ecous

4 ec 9 emod
® dece ® exempf
 hd  ece
© coom © oce
@ exc @ etch

5. dce 0. vgue

® eqush ® noee
 e  dvese
© ecouge © euu
@ heghe @ mbguous

80
 THE ESSENTIAL TOEFL VOCABULARY

LESSON 4MLTIPLE-CHOICE TEST QUESTIONS

1 T ci d ss  pic uss  m­

mc d gmc pcps, suc s  ppt
w  as  sm gus Opc uss d 
cs   cd ug ceu psc ibus, suc
s  sdad us  pspc, dsd gs, deceptive
sdg, uusu juxps, d c cs
T wd deceptive   pssg s css  mg 
 usv
® msdg
© d
@ mguus

2 T Sc Fs Cv, d  1848, sd  wms

sug mvm   Uid Ss A Dc 
Sms," wc cd up wm   d 
petition   gs, ws pssd Hwv,  cvs
su, cg   g  wm  v, owl pssd
T dcu   pvs   Dc cusd my
cks  wm's gs  wdw  supp  
 wd petition   pssg s css  mg 
 v
® dmd
© pp
@ pss

3. Spc w s ccrd w  pp uss  u spc

T ms mp t  spc ws ws  1967 Ou
Spc t  pcps w cd  t ccudd
  m d   csi ds w   f 
p d us   s T s concued  h
us  wps  mss dsuc ws   dd  spc
T wd concued  h pssg s css n mng 
 ssumd
® gd
© icpd
@ svd

81
ESSENTIAL WORDS FOR THE TOEFL

 It s  cmm mscce  e US ess s e

csu e  ese e y  e ee
ee Te su es ess m es bu 
des  ve Cess e e  ese ee  e ee
ee I m sces ess m   cuse e ses
 d sme b mes  es  subsdes  s bu
 c cme em  cce e cees Te mk
cess c becoe stagnant  e ses d  ee  e
sed es
Te se becoe stagnant  e sse s cses 
me 
® cue 
 s ess
© be cceed
@ cee umes

5 Due  e astounding ess  eedccu ecg

 emus umbe  sss c be ced  
se eedccu c Te s cmmec successu
mccess ch d l 4800 sss bu b e
be  e 2000s e ees -ed cs d 72 b
Te d astounding  e sse s cses in me 

® ss
 d
© sd
@ ese

6 Dee us ve w dmtc  e es Ued

Ses  e s 20 es M esdes e   ve dee
in ei cmmunes bu m es see em s  mece.
Dee fe ade  c cuse umbe ccdes mpe
s e es d s secs  c dsese Teeoe
m esdes e determned to esc er mvemes ece
em u  eve eme em ee
I s  m ee e deterined to eme e
dee, e u mes  e
®   decde   d
 su e cese
© ss  educ em
@  e e ed

82
 H SENIAL TOFL VOCABULARY

7 T gm o css ws no wl ognzd un 1946 wn

 wod css gog ody FIDE asserted s cono
o non py A  m non css goups
mmdy wcomd  cnc o jon  nw don
How FIDE's uot s no n unsy cognzd
nd n ody  s no gnl gmn s o  sus o
 wod cmponshp
T wod asserted n  pssg s coss n mnng o
® nncd
 mpowd
© pmd
@ dcd

8 Soc nopoogss mp o lus  soc mgnc

nd ouon o  umn c nd o dmn dncs
n umn soc ognzon nd  o o pms
Dsp  c  l csscons o umn socs nd
cuus  ba y lso emp o no dncs
n ous umn socs In sp o s dicus
nopoogss  md g dncs n  dncon
nd goupng o umn cvons
T wod ba n  pssg s coss n mnng o

® gu
 pzd
© dspud
@ us

9. T Mono Docn owd  Und Ss o nrn n

 s o Ln Amcn couns n cs o fgn nson
Onc  Und Ss ws desgnated o c on l o s
ngos o  sou psods o fgn nnc dcsd
un  1960s, wn Cu wnd  suppo nd conomc
d o  fm Unon o So Socls Rpucs
T wod designated n  pssg s coss n mng o
® uozd
 ccusomd
© dmnd
@ mpd

83
ESSENIAL WORDS FOR HE TOEFL

10 J Edga Hooe ws  astute poessioa who seed s

Dieco o he FBI f 48 yes A esiie d deemied
goeme ocil, Hooe's eue spned oe o he mos
impo es o mode US hisor His poicies heped o
shpe d cee wh hs ow become  highy especed
mode ivesigie ogiztio.
Te wod astute i he pssge is coses i meig o

® ccimed
 ceebed
© pecepie
@ emine

84
 LESSON 5
• bafe • acilitate • ecompense
• bea • incessant • shed
• blur • in conjuction with • niqe
• billiant • intige •well-sited
• cation • obstrct •wokot
• enhance • pesade

bafe v to conuse to  pot t wc o poess

aj bafig c e mde
n. bafeme
yn puzzle
Te cuses o m l dseses e bjd doctos f cetuies
ht ws  bling questo

bea v. to poduce, to cr to sow to edue

av bearaby yn yeld
aj bearabe

s ocd bs my e aests o pples

Althouh stock pces decled, losses he ee babl f most
estos

blu v. to mke someth dcult to see

aj brred yn cloud
n bur

Te  blured eeyoe's vew o te lley

Te wole ccdet s just  blu  my md

brilliat d tesely bt o coloul; tellget

av. brilliaty yn. dt
n. brilliace

Este ws  billint tke

Se billintly poduced  soluto to te polem.

85
SSNIA WORDS OR  OFL

cautio v. o le soeoe o dge, w soeoe

aj uous o ke ce o p eo o soehig
aj uoy sn w
av uious
n. uo

Te oce cautoned he oors o slow dow

he eeed o he egoos cautous

eace v o cese   pose w, such s 

n. eneme vlue, powe, o beut
 ehed sn seghe
Pssg he exm should enhance ou chces o beg ded o
college
Te copue enhanced ou poduct

facilitate v o ke ese: o ese he pogess o

av facve sn sss
s cefl plg factated he copleo o he pojec
Good echg seges Jacltate sude leag

icessat aj. osop, coiul, o eve-edg

av. iessl sn cos
he wo's ncessant lkng dsubed eveoe wchg he
ove
Te dogs' ncessant bkg kep he whole eghbohood up
ll gh

i cojunctio with pep ph. i ddo o, logsde

sn log wh
Execse, n coyuncton wth  oushg de, cobues o  helhy
lestle
Te checs pled he buldg n conjuncton wth he egees

itrigue v. o nees gel

 trgug sn sce
av rgugl
n. rgue

He ws ntiued b he ccl h he eceved

Te ntrung queso bled hsos.

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 HE ESENIA TOEF VOCABULARY

obstrct v  pee meme, pgess,  success

n obsiuco yn bck
aj obstcve
av obsiucvey
Jus afe he sm, dwed ees obrucd m ds i he
cmmuit
A huge buidig obruced he cea iew m he pame

pesuade v  chage  beie  behvi b gume

av persasvey  es
aj. persasve
n. persaso yn cvice
he cud pruad hei ciics  see hei pi  iew
Jh peseed  prusiv gume o his sar icese

ecompense n  epyme  ewd   deed

av. recompesable yn cmpesi
v recompese

he kigh eceied gd s rcomn  svig he kigdm

His bss ssued him h he'd be rcomnd  his e es.

shed v.  hw  u  gie u

yn discd
I de  gw, cbs mus hd hei shes.
Te epeimes hd  ew imi  he cuse  he disese

unique aj  be he y e   kid speci

av qely yn. e
n. nqeess

He ws peseed wih  uniqu ppuit  ed he ceece.

His ste  wiig is uniquly his w

well-suited aj.  be cmpemer  pppie;

 gd mch
yn cmpible
Te desig  he huse is wlluited  is suudigs
Te exeieced pincip ws wll-uid  he jb  supeiede
 schs.

87
ESSENIAL WORDS OR HE TOEFL

work out v  ed r cse  ed sccessf;

 devep
syn. sve
Teir ambiis pn wil ikey work out.
Te w grps worked out  cmprmise h beeed hem bh

88
 H ESSENTIA TOEF VOCABULRY

MTCHNG

Coose e snoy

1. ncessn 6. convnce
 unque  ssert
® consn ® pesude
© blocked © esoe
@ bed @ eld

2 obsuc 7 e
 wa  deened
® ep ® waed
© ennce © gue
@ block @ unque

3 ngue 8 cle
 scne  sss
® elc ® eme
© nensf © le
@ enc @ dscd

4. well-sued o 9 ennce
 unque o  enice
® copble w ® srengen
© enhnced w © elnqus
@ dedced o @ encouge

5. wok ou 10. puzzled

 lze  ld
® copense ® ssee
© sole © bled
@ oppose @ sue

89
ESSENIAL WORDS OR THE TOEFL

LESSO 5MTIPLE-CHOICE TEST QUESTIONS

1 A wor    gg oo o    o  gg
 p fom   g T oo   
se   oy   o p   k  gg
Som m   z  , op  u oo
 poj o  ow o o  T oo p
  h yog
 wo sed   pg  o  mg o
 ga
® pv
© 
@ 

2 Imo gm  y m o g o p I 

y,  omo ay o p  om  
mo,   m  o    t
p i  gmo  y   oy
  ppo  g. F g, og  ox,
 g f    po  bllnce
o   p. T m  g mo  h
p  mo gm
 wo bllnce   pg  o  mg o
 
® g
© m
@ pp

9
 THE ESSENTIA TOEF VOCABULRY

3 Dug  howe meeo ppe o ped fom  po  he

k ced he d Tee d po ge ech howe 
me Fo exmpe he Peed howe ppe o de fom
he coeo Peeu Dug e hee howe 30 o 70
meeo m be ee eer hou bu o niqe occo  
peccu dp h umbe m be be eer ecod
he wod niqe  he pge  coe  meng o
 gug
® mzg
© ceebed
 e

4 Someme dee mpc ocet b he ue o docc

d whoe pupoe  o o persade he pubc o bu 
poduc bu o chge he pubc ew bou  pecc ue
Compe ue h deg o iuece pubc opo
Cc  h uch d e u oe-ded; dee 
h he m med he bee equ oe-ded  g o
epo compay ew
he wod persade  he pge  coe  meg o
 covce
® dude
© oc
 ecouge

5 I he md-1800 god d le wee commo compoe

o deue A  eu he wee e expee Howee 
1851  poce o hde he juce o ce opc p
o ubbe w dcoeed T ew poduc coud be moded o
 mode o  pe' mouh d c eeh coud be mde
As  eu whe ued in conunction with ew mucug
mehod, hee mod cued he co o deue o 
dmc.
Te phe  conjnction with  he pge  coe 
meg o
 og wh
® ude
© houghou
@ w m o

91
ESSENIAL WORDS OR THE OEFL

6 Te sse  hee hm e s se hs s bee 

intriuin quetion  scece M esses  hypheses
he bee ce g fm s  Epe Hee he
es k hm bes  sss ee scee  Es
Ac  1972 Te e e 2 m es  Te e s
eeme b mes he e  he cks s hem
 cmp hem  he osss
I s h he   hm e s n intriguin question,
he h mes h 
® eess    scess
 c ee be see
© ecees  mch e
  ls be  mse

7 he Sx  heee pepes  ses   k 

  I  Eel he Su  Cheee h
 ee he  s  US m ce  he Be 
e Bhr hs be ls kw s Cse's Ls S"
s e b Gee Gee Cse Cse s cautioned b hs
ss   eesme he seh  hs ppe b
e he ce est  he ee  he U.S ce
Te  cautioned  he psse s cses  me 
® ae
 sce
© vse
 cce

8 Ch  rmes se m cein ces e

eec he scl ss   l B p 
 e cmm mehs se  ssh sc ss
Ohe mehs ce he se  p e  se ns, 
  bcees  bs eckces  he rmes
me  ece c ehes I s cmm  ps 
pepe  se he  esces  hem  work out 
  s es sc k
Te eb work out  he psse s cses  men 
® ese
 sc
© e
@ deep

92
 HE ESENTIAL OEFL VCABULARY

9 Sc o m  tc t  dgg t f

o gd Am  g g wt lo o ht
o O op c  t m   tt
go  to  nc t T ro g-g  o t
t m  bes m vi 
T od beas n t g  cot n mng to
 odc
® ct
© ttct
@ 

10. I ct tm t t   tuct comod o 

comx  o g d cm, o t t
dgd to be m A yt t d cd
t wt mdg d o t cotd o og mdg
t tt d to  ct d
T od be  t g  cot  mg to
 otuct
® zz
© dcd
@ tod

93
 LESSON
• chiefy • emit • rigid
• carse • exceedigy • rtiey
• cmmpace • excsivey • stamia
• cmpex • extigish • suciety
• cvetial • immese • visiby
• cris • istataneos

chiefy adv e os por or os coo

aj hief syn. osl
Houses re de chifly o ood producs
Com s he chi crop o e Mdes.

coase adj. o e or soo; o delce

av. oasely syn. roug
n oaseess

Sdpper s  exreely coar erl

Wool clotg s  ceri coar  exure

commonplce adj orda

syn. feue
I soe prs o e orld, ex essgg s ore coonac 
oce cllg
Fele lwyers re coonac  e Ued Ses

complex qj dcul o udersd or expli;

n. complexty vg n prs
sy. coplced
Te busesse suely pproced e coml produco proble
e uerse s  comety beyod copreeso

94
 THE ESENTIAL TOEFL VOCABULARY

convenional a. llowing cceped ules o sndds

av. oetoly y don
n oeto

Poesso Celd geed h he oiol heor bo he oigin
o he Bsqe lngge
o becoe ineged no  socet o s lea he oios o
h socet

cuios adj odd o snge ege o lea

av curiousy y pecl
n uriosty

 riou objec s dscoveed n he ens

Slly s rioly neesed in he hsor o Alsk

emit v. o send o gve o

n emsso y elese
n emter

Te ging es e mid  dense he soke

Modem elescopes c deec he ines lgh mitd b dsn ss

exceedingly adv ver; o n nsl degee

v eeed y exeel
n. exess
aj exessve
av exessvey

In opcl zones,  s dingly ho nd hd

I s no se o d he speed l

exclsively adv. no one else nohing else no shed

aq. exuse wh ohes
n excuso y. escivel
v. excude

Ts oo s sed xclsily b he clt

he ecldd everone nde 21 fo he cones.

95
EEN WRD R E EL

extinguish v  b b he e  eh

aj exingushbe sy ee
 exgushme

Te ehe qckl guihd he e

Me ece h euihd  pev e ee

immense adj. exee e

av mmense sy e
 mmenst

F the p  c ee he in e

She  enl eee  he e  ech  feg e

instantaneous adj. cc   

av. nsn sy ee
 nsa

A bb   e sttnously he  p the ch

Te eche  sttly e wth cp he he ce
the e

rigid adj.  e  be ; ebe

av rgdly sy 
he eche  er d  h e b c ece
He hee id  h p b ecc wh

routinely adv. e  e

aj oune sy 
. roune

She rutely e  phc e

I  oute o e  bece heck  e.

stamna n.  phc  ea eh

sy ece
Te Oypc ue ee cebe stami.
Te he cke he smn   he ce

96
 THE ESENTIA TOEF VOCABULARY

sufciently av enough; in  stisfing mnner

n. ufey syn dequtel
aj suficet
v. sufice

Jenny is sufntly mture to me her own decisions

Her income is suint r her needs

visibly av. cn be seen

aj sble *power o imgintion or wisdom,
n. so especill with regrd to the uture
v. ew
aj. vsoa• syn. noticebl

Ken ws vily upset bout his perormace evlution

Strs re more vile on  cler ll evening.

97
ESSENTIAL WORDS FOR THE TOEFL

MTCHING

Choos h soy

1. sos 6 mms
® gr ® up
 sg  mssv
© mmd © ogog
@ ggc @ complcd

2 dol 7 xcdgl
® br ® sll
 sodg  xml
© covol © sstvl
@ q @ soll

3 xtgsh 8. vsl
® m ® ocl
 dscd  ql
© m © pssvl
@ dcv @ coggl

4. cos 9 smn
® oig ® cog
 ll  dlgc
© pcl © wkss
@ hcd @ dc

5. dql 10. scvl

® sfcl ® xclsvl
 dcpvel  dvsl
© sl © oghl
@ magl @ lvl

98
 HE ESENIAL TOEFL VOCABULARY

LSSON 6MLTIPLECHOIC TST QUSTIONS

1 N Ami  ps  mk ss

C s  sm ppu u  s sus 
 puvit I s   m sumpi  ps
 f  m   o ep ur  
N Am   Ui Ss    
s  immee msi mk   is p p
sumpi  s  h  I ps m  
i s  s.
T  immese   pss s ss  m 
® mss
 sussu
© pm
@ s

2 By    h 20 uc, mpus  l nu

 y i   pu  p ums Ls
 ps u  sy ppe  psa mpus
us  us u s   m    u
k k  p  sk  i s m  s
    m   pssi pms 
k sp  mm bf p.  wd  
fs m i   pui  i um s 
    covetioa p psss ks 
pss i s p g  quit  x p
y s p s supss   mmy tps
ma
  convetioa   pss s ss  m 
® s
 
© i
@ mp

9
ESSENIA WORDS FOR HE TOEFL

3 Coor pp s e process  whc  p s red 

cosruc nes o eq es o  propert fo be
d pons For exmpe  oporpc p reels e ree
o  re  eas o coor es  represe eeo
I ddo o oporp ere re exmpes o eopscl
eocec meeorooc, socoocl d oer res 
re rotney pped  e eod Te t o po
deces s pered pp  coper wc redces e
eec o a s o e n prodc
Te word rotinely n e psse s coses n e o
 ordr
® eece
© ss
@ ecey

4 Moopcre ecoog s  cros ed o e od d e

ew. I c o e eqpe, se-o-e-r dl eecrocs
 e work w  ecncl sse veed  1895
Moreoer e ecoog o oo pcres s sed o o
o e eo o s poorp  so o  coo
o seer ore or ess depede ecooes: cmer d
projecor des i cre d processn sod
record nd reprodco d  d  esree
Te word crous  e psse s coses  e o
 prodcve
® pecr
© coeed
@ ppe

100
 THE ESSENTIA TOEF VOCABULRY

5 T b n   , p,  ma   kw

  pm I pmr f   m   h
b-b  y  M xb pm 
    uh  h  mp wh
 b  bm m, h  ph  a Sh
 pm m h pt  bb hk
Rgd pm  m  , mp   
   p m,    wh
   mh
h w gd i h p   i m 
 
@ st
© pb
@ mp

6 h I     b nm, b

h  h  I  m  
p'  p  h Sm p m
h h hb  p  p     h  
h, hy   My bm h   h
seos   I  O , 
p  mh    vc. I  mpv 
 wih  m m, b mpv h  b
h F mp, mp m l h  '
  h n.
I  h I nm  seos, h
h m h  
 ny b w
® b wh 
©   
@  w qt

101
ESSENIA WORDS OR HE TOEFL

7 We s  pwef sven  cs s  cs o n

ecns I s ses e nd cd we In es  s
cpsn we s n nsa  n nd eezn
pin I s sws ns ve cnes w epeue
We s es e s complex   cn ssnces 
e sine cec cpnds
e wd complex n e psse s cses n enn 
 enwn
® pec
© ne
@ nce

8 Ove seve decdes scenss nd eninees ve cnned

e sse  pns emitted   veces Se  e
wse pdcs  e csn pcess ncde cbn dde
nen s nd we vp Tg ese -pdcs e
n e  n scenss eze h cbn dxde
 cne  he pe   wn Hweve e
cstn pcess s pdces cn nxde, ·nen
xdes, nd dcbns   wc e knwn tes 
n e De  veren ens  se essn
sndds  vece cpnes ve sncnl edced
e n  m ses  e dsced  nsan
cyc cnvees in veces.
e wd emitted n te psse s cses n enn 
 eesed
® ceed
© cnveed
@ nned

102
 THE ESSENTIAL TOEFL VOCABULARY

9 T tt g td b El Wht  cooce 

 tthtur  Althugh pttd  1 794, th
gu dg  ttd  uh b th tht Wht
gd l  dt nl d f h pl vt
h tt g  lutid g  n pt 
th Suth.
T d cooce  th pg  lt  g t
 tbl
® tadd
© lbtd
@ md

10. T dlt l ad l  l  dpt It   tg

tul b ad  tgth wth tht yl  th
kd  t pp t b th but ud th p
ulttd l b l cose It  th lt  ht-th
b, d t  bb up t 30 pt  t ght 
tu wthut lg t
h d cose  th pg  lt  g t
 t
® tg
© ugh
@ md

103
 LESSON 7
• brash • critica • prposeuy
• carif • discrepancy • revea
• concea • distort • scarcey
• conrm • diverse • simltaneos
• convenient • eventay • theoreticay
• core • prosperos

brash adj.    k  

av brashly qu
n brashness s l
T bash u n   p u 
Lu' bashness f  h i u  h

clarf v    y u;  

n clacon 
s xp
Chp 2  h xb clres h p  
A cljction  h ' p  h   r

conceal v  p     

n concln s h
T u ccad h  u h u
H concelment  h   h   u  pove

conm v.     upp

aj confied s. p
n. conmnton

T  cd h h i wu   h h

W h ju  cmt  u   h g 
Lo A

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 THE ESENTIA TOEF VOCABULR

convenent ac.   h  b  ' d

v coveety syn pt
n coveece
 n pd h h dpp  h vd 
 cnvnn  b d
F h cnvnnc  h d bd, h ba  d  
l 

core aj h    p p 

n. core h
syn h
 coe     h  qd  
d
 coe   pp   db

crtica aj. vr   ; d 

v crique syn. d
n crcism
n. crc
av. cricay

I  crial   h d  h x y  h

u d
  pd ccsm f h h v w

dscrepncy n  di b h h hd b

  q
syn 
 dscrpancy  h p d d h  bv h h hd
d  
    dscrpancy b h   d h 


dstort v.  h f h  hp 

. dsored d, y    
n. dsorio
syn. d
T d p  dsrted h v  h pd  gh
Dsorn  h  f  p  b d b  h.

105
ESSENIAL WORDS FOR THE OEFL

divese aj aou; dc o ohe

av dersey n dee
n derst
v dersf

Feud hd  ivee nee  pchoog

he ivei o e  o he eah ke zooog  ee
ae o ud

eventuay av o hppe  oe e  he uue

uu du
n 
A ood educo w evenally p b dvded
Event he coupe w p o he ore d ow he home

prosperous aj. uccef. weh

av prosperosly s hi
v. prosper
n prospery

I he e 1900 S Fcco w  oeous ct

Bcei e ude he pope codo

purposefly av doe   pecl eo

aj. prposeul n debee
av. prposely
n. prpose

Te coue bu w deed wpoefll o be ey o ow

He w uhozed o ped he oe  bue roe.

revea v. o ucoe; o expoe

av. reeligly n dcoe
aq. reelg
n. reelo

Te pede evealed oe o h de bee he e h peech

Te epo de oe evelaion bou he ue o he coc

scarcey av o o

aq. scrce s hd
n. scrct

he wo acel poke  wod o Eh

Due o  ai o we,  o p w ebhed

10
 THE ESENTIA TOEF VOCABULRY

simultaeous c ourrng t the sme tme

av simulaneously syn onurrent
Te bos sltaneouly sremed Ie rem!"
Ts student s sklled t performng mny tss slneosly.

theoreticy av. ordng to  resoned but not proven

aj. heoetcal pont o vew
. heor syn hpothetll
v. heoize

Hs agument ws theoretlly ppelig, but not relst

Leonrdo d Vn theoried tht Erth ws not the enter o
the unverse.

107
ESSENTIA WORDS FOR THE TOEFL

MTCHING

Chooe he som

1. defrm 6 hrvg
® hde  properou
 dor  ree
© cocur © coee
@ bock @ oerbe

2. muaneou 7 ncoec
®   crque
 permae  dcrepanc
© concde © debero
@ cocurre @ uce

3. eeu 8 dere
® nal  ocebe
 oo ® dere
© oce © coeo
@ coeque @ curou

4 claf 9. hpoheca
® hed  exceedg
 ehance  hphzrd
© exp © heorecy
@ ec @ roue

5. brh 10. reea

® dorted  dcoe
 houghu  be
© recke © coce
@ decepive @ corm

108
 HE ESENTIAL TOEFL VOCABULARY

LESSO 7MLTIPLE-CHOICE TEST QUSTIONS

1 e geoogc sor o E reveas muc omo bou

e eouo o e coes, oces, mospee d
bospee e es o ock  Es suce coi edece
o e eouor pocesses ese compoes udee we
ec e ws med B sudg s ock ecod fom e
begig,  s possbe o ck e deeopme oug me
Te wod reveas  e pssge s coses  meg o
 eces
® dscoses
© ces
@ does

2 Dod wee cosues  mo eeme o e

evome d  mpo co  um webeg d
ct Agcuue ml usbd spoo, d
pubc e d set e  ge ueced b wee 
s o supsg  oe o umt's odes eome­
eed ineess s bee o mge e wee prposefy.
Te wod puposefy  e pssge s coses i meg o
 pospeous
® eeu
© eceedgy
@ debee

3 Iumo ps  ge oe  ou pscoogc d psc

we-beg Lg c mode objecs o e em, ee coos
o distort em, pode  ceeu eome o  goom
oe Ge d eeced ge c cuse dscom ad educe
sbt  ddo o ccug umo,  gg
egee mus de w  o ese pobems houg e coce
o g souces d xues.
e wod distort  e pssge s coses  meg o
 de
® cceue
© dem
@ gg

10
ESSENTIAL WORDS FOR THE TOEFL

4 Te dee ppene o ms s he supe he

dierse et o kow ms  e ssoed mo o 
hdoze s od ps hese ps e esshed dun
he emco ses o deeopme nd m he sze nd
ompext o he ms Syme ume d deeopme
o ssue pesee d ue o od es ad see
spes o e deeopme dene hese udme ps o
ozo
Te wod diverse  he psse s oses  men o
 eozed
® oweded
© dee
@ 

5 Whe he sees o he weser Ued Ses doed he

o o s sod houses d duous he bui sm
wood-fmed dwens o oe o wo ooms whou  seme
Rooms wee usu dded s prosperous mes ew ge
hs usul esued n  sees o e ope ooms d ed o
ed so h eh woud he  equ mou o suh
Te wod prosperous  he psse s oses n me o
 umeous
® hv
© pome
@ oueous

6 he med poesso s somemes used o e moe

eesed n se ha he qut o e  dees Ma
pes ee he do' e he eo he desee; m see
he poesso s sesh to its core. Doos e ee, s 
ee sue omp he udes d h o he pu
shows Seet pee o he pu wee dsppoed  he
qut o e; o 35 pee o he doos eed
I s h he med poesso s sesh to its core, he
uho mes h 
 s ee eesed o  se
® os  oup o d doos
© hs wde suppo mo pes
@ udes ood d d phss.

10
 THE ESSENTIA TOEF VOCABULARY

7 Id  ppd    dp  d

p    -   g c A
     dm    d 
eeua dpd  kb   pd
T  w d pb by  pd d 
ng  w dpd by 
T wd eeu   pg    g 
® qky
 y
© ny
@ gdy

8   p d w pbby bd 

 br B  y w  ee f
g pp f  kp  p w  S
 d w fd by ddg n dd p"
 w  br  p d   c
Ey  Gg  d   d 
 d w    M b  
pp d  g y
T wd ee   pg    g 
® 
 d
© pp
@ p

9 Mk  xd f  500  y d b

10000  p  kw   350   g
p  ppd  t Mk y O   
  F vd s   n l
 xd   p f f   20  y
Wh w p  ddy    n
f w  d   w-dpd d  y
 w g w kdy, nd     p
 w  p i   o g g.
T wd s n  pg    g 
® d
 
© p
@ 

111
ESSENTIA WORDS FOR THE TOEFL

10 T s swmsus ee h shp o h hum body

Or h dcds, uds rad rgdg h pubc
dspy o os body shp Dsgrs coud mo wy fom
cosrv sts d promo hos h rd  body's
physc bus.
T word ele i h pssg s coss n mng o
 hd
® dsord
© hcd
@ dsrupd

112
 LESSON
• acceleae • dcile • mio
• cush • engende • negtiae
• culivae • engss • bain
• deive • faw • paicle
• dicae • hares • ansp
• disinguish • mammh

acceleate v o go se
 acceeraion syn. hsen
. acceeraor

he cion o moecues clrates hen hey e heed

e poo condiion o he moo mde cclration dicu

crsh v. o pess ogehe so s o compeey

aj crushing diso he shpe o nue o he ojec
. crush syn. gind
Te mchine crushs cor o poduce corme
Pssge o he egision s  crusing o o he pesiden's
pogm

cultivate v. o pln nd ise  cop; o encouge

aj. civated gowh o  eionship o endship
. culivaion syn go
e poessionas hd common ineess h oed hem o cultvte
 oing eionship ih ech ohe
e cultvatin o divese cops in pe-Coumbin Ameic is e
documened

deive v o come fom o d somehing fom is

stg poin
syn oin
Te Engish od decden" is drivd fom he Lin od decdee"
He drivs ge joy fom going vegebes in his ckd.

113
ESSENTIAL WORDS FOR THE TOEFL

dictate v o se demds wh he power o eforce

aj dicoi sy mpose
n. dico

Te workers were o   poso o dae demds o meme

Hs boss resembed  dao

distinguish v o her, see, or recoge dereces

a disiguishbe sy dscrme
aj disiguished
aj disiguishing

Some peope co dstush coors we

Aeers ae dsushed b her o oses

docile . es o coro or r

av dociley sy mebe
 dociit

he moose s tpcl  e doce m

M rebeous ou peope see dociy s  wekess

engender v o cuse somehn ew o exs; o cree

sy. produce
he pocs chrsm egedeed ehussm
Ecoomc codos  he 195s egedeed  er o dusr
rowh

engross v. o become compeey occuped or voed

. egossme   ct
aj. egrossig sy ee
Te echers ecure enrssed he ere css
0 Her's shor sores enoss reders  he w o hei surprse
eds

114
 THE ESENTIA TOEFL VOCABUARY

faw n a sall s  aa a aks a 

aj. fwed p
sy 
T s a fw n s y
Ty  a  a as fwed.

harest n  a  lln a p;  ps

a hresed a
v. hves sy a
T U Sas a a paaly  a ares s ya
y  abl  hes  cp bf  a

mammoth aj y la

 mmmoh sy us
T sussul pu s  kw as a th  
pu l
T pyss a qu  sus  puas a mth
xbk

mio .  s, as  a 

. mo sy l
T suls   suy mi publ p
T s   y s mred   saa  l  
ppl

negotiate .   a l u,   a

 negoon a
 negoto sy baga
H egoiated w hs a o a s   pj.
T egoiaios bu abu a    

obtain v  a  su s

q obinble sy a
T uvst otained a  pal ala
 pa by Wsl as  oaiabl.

115
EENIAL WORD OR HE OEL

prticle n.  ver sml pece o someh

syn fme
Parls o us c esoy eectoc sumes
Sm rls o me ho he keys o ues he ogn
o ie.

taspot v o move fom oe pce o othe

aq rsporbl syn. cr
aj. trspored
. trnsporttio

Fy s o wys he ases wy o so pssees o he

eso
Te tnspo exeses o poducs cese he  cos o
he em.

16
 THE ESENTI TOEFL VOCBULARY

MTCHNG

Choos h synonm

 w 6 mmmoh
 pc  sst
® g  nomous
© dc © chonc
@ con @ mnuscu

2. dc 7. mng
 nspot  doc
 ngnd  ad
© gow © ob
@ mpos @ mundn

3 hsn 8 dscmn
® cw  nhnc
® cush ® psud
© concl © dsngush
@ cc @ dso

4. cop 9. c
 hs  mo
® dvc ® conm
© mro © poduc
@ smn @ gnd

5. fgmn 10 de

 uhoion  conm
® prtc ® rgn
© cuon © dduc
@ dng @ on

117
ESSENTIAL WORDS FOR THE TOEFL

LESSON 8MLTIPLE-CHOICE TEST QUESTIONS

I esg mes r qt ssrce c be ccompshed b

seer mehods Oe commo odesruce echqe sed o
oce srce crcs d faws  mes empos  peerg
qd Norm hs d s brgh ded or oresce er
beg spred oer he srce o he mer  soks o
y n crcs e qd s ceed o, owg crcs d
bemshes o be esly see.
e word faws  he pssge s coses  meg o
® beds
 deecs
© cves
@ des

2  mpor s o mgeme s o move dvd

worers o coorde her coecve eors o chee 
orgzos gos Te coceps d mehods sed o
srucre wor d o desg orgaos he chged
cosderb. A orgzo's ge c ofe be predced
b he w wor s srcred Wor prcces ed o refect
he orgao's desg heo prese  he me he
orgzo ws ded.
he word refect  he pssge s coses  meg o
® ece
 miror
© ce
@ cceere

118
 THE ESSENTIA TEF VOCABULRY

3 Te Me Cmpc   dcume iged b 41  e

me pege  e Mayower beoe ei dig 
Pymu Mcue Te pege ccered  me
membe  e cmp mig ee e gup d ee 
ei  negotiated  mg emee  cee e
dcume Te Mle Cmpc ceed  piic bd e
pupe   om  impe germe Te  iged e
cmpc pedged  bide b  ue  d egui
I ig  e ee negotiated, e u me 
® e ded ieck
 e ug  
 e geed immedie
@ he eced  cmpmie

4 Bee e iei  eeccuc equipme  geee

d meue ud e ibe eig e ge ppxme
eu i e be ce A pe' eig cud be epied
i em  e biit  distinguish bewee e ickig  
c d e cickig  ci   deemie e dice 
ic cei peec   ipeed ice cud  ge
be uded
Te d distinguish i e pge i ce i meig 
® dicimie
 ie
 cif
@ cce

5. We DNA i ubjeced  eiciene civit ragments

 iu ie e med. i pce ee  uique per
 eici-ezme DNA. Ti pecic DNA per oud i
ec um geeic iege i uique becue ec pe,
ecep  ideic i i med m diee cmbii
 e geeic mei m  ami ie Te per  ie
 e DNA m  idiidu i uique d c ee   "DNA
gepi"   pe
he d fagments i e pge i ce i meig 
® g
 mdici
© s
@ pice

19
ESSENTIAL WORDS FOR THE TOEFL

6     p   s b  pp

    E c  n c 
JP Bc  J J  it 
om  . I h c  c 
  pm  c      
  c  m  p  
p  fm cm m      m
m   
I    p    s b 
pp     m  it
®  cy  h    p
 c  mm m  pc
© pm   n

@ p  fm cm m
pp

7 Fa c    mp ct   

  Mr. T   pci  cc 
 mk l  E C A mk 
  pc   m  m c 
 c    w m mp cp ued
 Mr'  
T  ued   p  c  m 
® 
 
© lp
@ xc

8 T   m  -p vc Q

c     c  s g  xp
 c m c  q   pp  
   T     , c
c  
h  s   p  c  m 
® pc
 
© 
@ c

120
 HE ESSENTIA TOEF VOCABULRY

9 Ce cocoe s  oed pocess Fs e cco

bes ms be mecos aesed fom e cco ree Te
essbe cocoe cdes we e m w e derived
fom ese bes Te cco bes ms be crused d he
o o  pocess kow s empe- epe cce o
wm d coo o e qeed podc
Te wod derived  e psse s coses  me o
 dsc
® eoecy
© seped
@ obed

10 Te ecoomc depesso  ped e Ued Ses 

te 1930s ws qe  s sie nd s coseqeces Dn
e wos peod o e Depesso  1933, oe  eve 
Amec wokes ws o o  job Te e dsrl smp
engendered exeme dsp hoo e wod 
pessed ogo e 1930s.
Te wod engendered  e psse s coses  me o
 cceeed
® podced
© omed
@ deveoped

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 LESSON
• ccont o • dim • jgon
• ccute • disply • stte
• cte • expots • stightorad
• clssif • gigntic • niom
• cenc • impessive • vibnt
• dense • instll

accout for ph. v.  ke smehg i csderi;

 pide ess   ee
syn epln
He dd  ccounfo Es gvit  hs phscs clculs
He ese sudyng ccount fo he ecelle gdes

accurate ad. cefl nd ec

av accuratey syn pecse
 accuracy

he s ble  me ccue bses h he e elescpe
Exemes mus be cduced wh ccuracy

acute adj. hg  sudde csequece  seee

av acutey eec
. acuteness syn ese
he pesde s cuely e  he c h he decs uld be
uppul
He s sueg m  cue hedche

classif v.  plce  gups ccdg  tpe

aj. cassied syn nge
. classfcaton

Blgss classi le oms  mn phll

Te lba's clg s  classfcaton  bs  he lb.

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 THE ESSENTIAL TOEFL VOCABULARY

cuency n. oa u cs

 o
Mos pucss  f cous us b    oc
u
T Jps u s  s s  ol

dense dj cos pc o cow cu o

av dsy s ou
n dsty  hc
T bo cc ws· cus b  ds f
Ho Ko s o o  os dn popu cis   wor

dm aj o bg o c

av. dmy  
v. di
n. dnss

T  ws oo dm f su

Te ss di   v sk

dsplay v. o sow; v

n. dslay  xbi
T o dad  s o  u 
T c's dplay o  ws uoru.

exports n. poucs so bo

aj xored  f ss
v expor

T U Ss' pos ow xc s xors

Eored oos  usuy   qut

gigantic adj. v 

av. gigaticy  oous
Rc  oo ws  gatc sp  spc xpoo f
n
Nw os o  o .gat vs ov  o os

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ESSENTIAL WORDS FOR THE TOEFL

  cs m cs   bc's

v mpeve mpc sz  qt
v mpe sy mps
 mpe

Lics p  pss s messve

Er-  w   pessn   py

   s p  c  c;  pc  

. allt e ps
n intlle sy ss
T s   s y ild   cmp
A s itald s ps    c s k

jo  n spcc   pss  ct

a jgy sy mg
T  jn   cc s cs
Scc c jgn s  s ss  mvs  cms
fm  scc

u     ccpy   mxmm 

n. su sy 
a ued
   p y ms sturate  s     y cc
I    ,  sp stuates s  s 

hod aj. sy  s; smp; s

v. ghtowd sy cmpc
 ghfrde

T ssmy cs  staihtfowd.

Hs staihtfowd ppc  s sss ls a
m spc.

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 THE ESENTIAL TOEFL VOCABULARY

uiform aj eer p beng he sme

av uiony syn conssen
 uiormty

Bed hs  uniorm exue

e gdes on he es wee uniormly poo

vbrat aj. liel poweul fll o con; bgh

av. vbratly syn. blln
. vbrace

Hs viant pesonlt mde hm well lked b eeone

Te virnce o he ct s cive o many ndduals.

125
ESSENTIA WORDS FOR THE TOEFL

MTCHG

Choose he synom

1. enomous 6 unom
 pospeous  d
® uonomous ® dvese
© nc "© complex
@ clssed @ conssen

2 dlec 7. nsll
 emnolog  hnd n
® lws ® se up
© expos © pu on
@ jon @ e n

3 vbn 8. sue
 blln  oveow
® ccl ® seek
© pn © sne
@ deep @ supss

4. stord 9 cue
 eeble  nense
® hones ® ccue
© usefl © pecse
@ dependble @ nc

5. mposn 10. clssi

 mpessve  us
® ceve ® lea
© nun © cli
@ mbuous @ ne

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 THE ESSENTIAL TOEFL VOCABULARY

LESSON 9MLTIPLE-CHOICE TEST QUESTIONS

 W  A Sh  1776,  Wet of Naon 

 vba c  c    h 
n   w  cc O    
 h wh pp p hi w h , ct 
 wh  Cp, h h p  r
p, h  pc  w H   h
cp pc cl c cqc  h
r h   wh  oc
T w vba  h p  c   
® cc
 
© 
@ cc

2 Dp  wk   cc, h hc

m w hc   cp  g,  xcp
  p F h p  l ,  c
 cx  -q et T  w sud
wh c  h cc  h   I
chcc   hh, pch,   
h    h   h  p 
ph f  ch
B y h h  w sud wh c, h
h  h
® h w   w 
 ct w  wh 
© pp c  ch
@ h w  c  p.

127
ESSENIAL WORDS OR THE TOEFL

3 he  cel med chsm o he Gd Cyo

cos  e m mpesse peks cos d ves
eee s oue lls Te cyo cludes  ume o sde
cnyos d suoud pleus Te deepes d mos
mpessel eufl seco s h Gd Cyo Nol
Pk hch ecompsses he Colodo Rves leh om Le
Poell o ke Med
he od   he psse s closes  me o
 deep
® uule
© eomous
@ 

 he ued clsscl checul stle o he 893 olds

Colum Exposo ulds poed o e he mos
impressive d iluel stle o s me  commee o
Es Cos archecs d rms heed  Deceme 1890
o pl he  ulds he collecve esul s he
cosuco o  oup o 150 ulds kow s he Whe
Ct Te des eslshed he colum checue s
he ol ccepble pulc stle  he Ued Ses  40 es
heee
he od impressive  he psse s closes  me o
 mpos
® ccl
© msse
@ edu

5 he poso o Pesde o he Ued Ses hs  he ps

decde, expded  s dest Tee ee t-o Cucs
pesdes o he Ued Ses po o Pesde Bck Om's
eleco. Hs installation s pesde sped couless
Amecs o pusue he dems edless o ce
he ou installation  he psse s closes  me o
 eslshme
® em
© umph
@ eeg

128
 THE ESSENTIA TOEF VOCABULAR

6 Ed s  scd-s densely popuaed cur 

Eup, pcdd  b M  s 255 bs p
squ k  cps, y s 200 bs d
Sp 87 M Eup cus h cuu cs,
d  ppus  u dsbud F xmp,
Ps s 3,550 pp p squ ke. w  ps
  s  Fc c w  30 pp p squ
k
 s  Ed s densely poplated,  u s
 s
® ppu s  s uy
dsbud
 ppu s  s  Eup
© ppu s  gs p squ
k
@ ppu s s  s cs

7   d  c c, scss  sudyn

ds f dp cpu ps  display spcs
  bv Rsc  l spcs  c
c s us Hw, s scs dub 
ac lc c uy pc os  
bv k  bsId   v ss
dd, ac c ps  sp w cpd
  uv s d duc cpbs  t
u b
T wd display i  pss s css i  
® xb
 
© dc
@ 

129
I WORD FOR  OF

8 Cd sl s  oso No A d  os

i lss Hov so sps s s  So o oo
sl  v dense ds o sll p o ppl los
   d pls d  dl ld 
ol pposs oo  Nos
 od dense   pss s loss   o
 sll
® 
© l
@ 

9 T S s o  ol s ow o  opd  

sv plr ss   by ss  o kown
o  ld  pls o dd sz Ts ops
 so poss   vs s lld   sol
sss sl o  o o s No dp dsd o 
Sol Ss   vd wo  ppto o  s
pops o  S,   p accounts for  xs o
l o E
T ps accounts for s loss   o
 s o
® os fo
© s dls 
@ ss fo

10 A   s     o ors currency

  d   o o E s a 
ovd   s pl  th s o sppl d
dd T   oll s dpd po
 s o  or's oo d s d l
 od currency  t pss s loss   o
 pos
® oods
© s
@ o

130
 LESSON 1
• distinct • elaboate • rdimentay
• dominant • exceptional • skeptical
• domant • genuine • stoic
• dab • hazadous • supefcial
• damatic • minuscule • vigoous
• eclectic • pime

distinct ad cey ce ee

v dticly syn eme
a dstcive
n dstnco

ee ws  distinct   cee  te est

Te tw tees e distinctly ee f ec e

domiat ad pr  pcp vg  execsg

v. domatly ct e setg
v. dome syn j
n. domitio

e doian e s  e Pezc e e  te we
Te skscpe dominat ed e ske

dormat aj.  gwg  pcg; seep

n. domtor syn. cte
Te c  ee domant  es  yes ee e
eupt s t
he ses e  te ew domitor.

dab ad. cg c eesg, g

v dbly syn cless
n dbess

e cg ws qe db

Te dabness  te eset e vg ess eestg.

131
ESSENIAL WODS OR THE OEFL

dramatic aj soeh h cpues he no

av drclly exc
v. drmtz s eool
 dr

e mti msh o he e le us speechless

e huce ati che he coslie

eclectic aj o selec o epese soehn chose

av. ccc fo  souces o plces
s ese
He hs  ti se  usc fo h oc o clsscl
e ti oup o sues cae fo ee ee coues

elaborate aj soehi wh  lge ube o pas;

a. bor ull o els
v bor s coplex
n. borio

A bot he ess ce  wh he Azec cout

Hs otio o he ssue ws que hoouh

exceptional aj uusul   posve wa

av xcpo s pheoel
e oches's pece ws xcptiol.
Te Noh S s ecptioy bh

genuine aj  hoes o ue el

av gu s uhec
 guess

She ws guiny cocee bou wol hue

s s  guin c fo he Aeca Cvl W.

hazardous aj. er sk, use

av hardous s aneous
 hard

Hl lable lquds s hzrdous

ee e ay hzds ole wh s  busness

132
 THE ESENTIAL TOEFL VCABULARY

mnscue aq  lle cequece e ll

aj mnue yn 
 mnut

Te le  he uldg hd  inuscule eec  he p  he

cp
Se lee e ceed h inute h

pime v.  ke ed;

aj. prmed *  pce   e
aj. pime•
 pme yn pepe

Te dec prd he c ee he pece

Mz ped  n he pr  h le

rdimenta aj ple;  cplex

. udmen yn. c
e h  rientay kledge  cpue
Te rimnt  g e ugh  al Eglh cle

skeptic aj.  que he thfle  

av. skepialy peeed  c;   t
 skep yn ucvced
Te pe  keptic u he hee  cle chge
 e h keptic, he ce peeed p  h cclu
 he ceece

stoic adj. hwg  e; ppeg deeed

av. socy yn dee
. socism

 oc ec  e ee uped h red

Hs oim  uuua, ce he  lly  el b.

133
ESSENTIAL WODS FOR THE TOEFL

supefcia aj smple no deep; nea he suce

a. uperfcaly syn. shllo
Te nspeco deemined h the cck in he bdge s only
spe,i
You should no ty o nse he queson sue,Uy.

vigorous aj. poefl. fll o cton

a. vigorousy syn. song
n. vgor

Hs iru deense o the ssues mpessed everone

He ppoched hs ok wh vio.

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MTCHG

Coose te syom

1 excepo 6 eboe
 dom  ggc
® dese ® mpessve
© peome © compex
@ ccepe @ dmc

2 soc 7 muscue
 dsoed  in
® dfee ® d
© hdous © d
@ sgtowd @ mjo

3 pepe 8. supec
 cocu  emoo
® dspy ® sg
© deped © sow
@ pme @ cuous

4. ececc 9 uhec
 vb  bsc
® eegzed ® vd
© med © geue
@ dvese @ udmer

5. dgeous 10. vgoous

® adous ® dom
® gd ® covee
© commoplce © uom
@ oebe @ sog

135
SSNA WRS R  F

SSON 10MLPE-CHOIC TST QUSTIONS

1 T dopm o cd os ws o ccompd

b czd sposb  od mc O mpo
dopm   cosucio d mc o pblc
spoo ssms ws  sblism o pke
ss Eps wod jo o o ob om
psso o k o  h o od  21 s o bd 
w o d p  s mac b colc os How
 s  s od  ws rudimenta, d mny
uss dd o kow ow o psI  ods
 wod rudimenta   pss s coss  mg o
 bo
® pzd
© wd
@ bsc

2 L s  ssm o commcio spcc o  m

c  s pm o-, sc  y olvd
-sc sic ssms  ody ps o sod
podcd b  m oc d pcd d pocssd b
  Dsp   t o s spok oo
 wod ad  superfci dcs mo m mos
ss    s  ssy sm 
sc d fco.
T wod superfci   pss s coss  m o
 c
® Jr
© xcpo
@ sow

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3  s  v ss d qds  d v 
sc   E   me pc  w s
g     E T  dstd d
ccd   v  sp   E
hs sp s    ss p  d
x Hwv  sp s cs c s
s  ss sc s  cb dd, 
d w vp  w  sd d qd pcs 
ssps
T wd prme   pss s css  n 
 c
® ds
© spc
@ dmc

4 Avdc s  s c f  ds  ps A 

s s  d s sks d zds s  da w
d cv; s d ccds p   s  w
B,  css w d pss s ply d 
  hadous, ps  ck
T wd hadous   pss s css   
 ss
® ds
© b
@ ccp

5 As  Ids Rvo dvpd    cr

   wdud s sps v w   
s-pwd  sps. Phenomen cs k pc 
 vr c  sp ds d p B  d1800s,
s cs csd  d   jsc wdd sp
 Dsp s ds   c wd ps f
 ws c w f s pce wd k
 wd phenomen  li pss s css   
 vs
® d
© cp
@ d

137
ESSENIA WORDS FOR THE TOEFL

6 Reseh suggess h us t s gee ws he

he se gee keup heee esehes ske e
h 500 he  sg lg h ee ppu sgs
 see h 80 pee ee equ e  ue
 upe e e Tese esus supp he  h
us e s hee-ny he he se e
u e e exeptionally talented-   he he y
hpe  eg e pss
I sg h e he e exeptionally talented, he
uh es h
 us t s eey sue
® s eere shu su us
© he s lee e e  ue
@ s  sg g h  sg

7 I he s sees  he ees  he hee

pph h es s phee s he esu  
eee vus  gups C her hs eepe
 h    ees Se uh  he uee
ehv s dmc  upee hees  suh
eh e e eluve h y
he  dramatic i he pssge s ses  eg 
 gheg
® sve
© e
@ se

8 Fehes see s  pe e o he    . Te

  sh sue h eues  h he  
he fsh exe sg gs  gh  als  seeg
Fehes s  s supe su  see  he
 e eve ep Mny sgs  epee zes
ee  db puge ug he e,  s  he
 spge g puge
Te  db  he pssge s ses  eg 
 s
® ess
© gh
@ s

138
 HE ESSENTIAL TOEFL VOCABULARY

9 Coc books be s coecos o esppe comc sips

d ook o  ie o he ow  he 93s he oe ed
e o see eeos o chde coc books oe de
wh heoc chces ho uh ce o eo he esppe
sp d -he coc book epese he dominant phc
hoog o he eeh ceu
Te od dominant  he psse s coses  e o
 o
® eboe
© s
@ cc

10 Te s ot o s exhb  smec  heee

k   udel epesee chcesic 
os s A s wh  bea smer hose h
he  distinct h d e sde d  o d e ed, e
cssed oehe s Bei  dvso o uceu ims
Be cos wh uceu s, hch he  d
ser  expe s he jeysh hch hs o h o ef
sdes.
Te od distinct i he psse s coses  e o
 doi
® uno
© dee
@ coeol

139
 LESSON 11
• amenity • emphasize • motif
• dispese • encicle • ovebeaing
• element • eratic • pecipitate
• elementay • exaggeate • pevalent
• eliminate • integal • elease
• emege • justif

aenty n omhg h mk l  o mo

jobl
syn cc
S msd ll h nitis o hom wh h w cmpg
O xpc my nitis   -r hol.

disperse v o cu o mo n mny d

aj dipersed dco
syn ccul
Te hg wid d  dissd h cowd
A  huc dispsd blogg clud h 

element n.  pt o h whol

aj. elemetal *vomn
n. elemet•
syn compo
H pc ddd n lnt o humo o h goup
Hd wok d pc  h bc lnts o ucc

elementa adj. mpl  ucu,  o do

syn pma
T oluo o  poblm w cull qu lnty.
You mu k Elmentar Phc bf ou c oll  h
dcd cou.

14
 THE ESSENTIAL TOEFL VOCABULARY

eliminate v o eove fee oesel o soe

a emed  delee
n emio

Mskes us be nd bee you d   em ppe

e non o e ue fo e ce s decded by e jude

emerge v o coe o ve o exsece

n emeee  ppe
I ook  ou  e ebo cck o  o s e
e su d fo e ck  clouds gv ope  e e
ould be plyed

emphasize v. o so  soe s especlly

av emphiy po o ecepol
aj emphic  l
n. emphss

Te poesso mhszd ce specs o e socl peod

We sked  ey ould lke o leve clss ely e sudes
seed   mh yes"

encircle v o ke  ccle oud

aj eired  suoud
e plyes nrcd e coc ae wn e b e
Te nrcd celebt cully bece fd o e s

erratic dj o eul pe  nk o

av. etlly ovee; ·ceble ou eso
 cosse
e s's pis ve  r qult, soe be ecelle d
oes edoce.
Te usble checl eced tilly

exaggerate v. o ke soe oe    s

q exeed n ovese
n. exgeo

e edel overe xgd e success o s pos

o sy  s busess s successul ould be  sl eaon.

41
SSNTIAL WODS FOR THE TOEFL

interal aj  be n essent r bsc pa  smeng

av itegray y i
. ntegrallty
Knee  spen s n nter pr  wrtn n ny ne
A ms msc s nterl  rn e ieers n e sr

justif v  s  be r r resnbe;

. juson  sppr
aj. justably y een
e n b cd ouf s re bevr
ere s n jusiatn or e crmnls ck

mortif v  embrrss
. morcaon y. mle
He s mrfd pn fren s nes rn e p
Se mrfd er sn b sn Ace s bb pcures

overbearing aj. persseny ercnen r cnrln

y ppresse
e  mn's overberng emenr  n mke er
pprcbe
e ecer re s bes  n be overberng hen spekn 
s sens

precipitate v  spee p e ccrrence r eepmen

 smen
y. sen
Rme n Je's rensp precitated  en cnlc
Te  er cres s e mn precitant r e en 
e Renssnce.

142
 THE ESSENIAL TOEFL VOCABULARY

prevaent aj exstng dely o commonl

n. prevalece syn commonplce
Comrtble tde wnds e prevent n the Cabben slands.
Tere s  prevence o dsese here poor santton condtons exst.

release v to allo to come out; to give feedom

n release syn. fee
A ne move s just reeaed
Te releae o the Supreme Court's decson s epected tody.

143
ESSENIAL WORDS FOR HE TOEFL

MTCHG

Choos h snoy

1 nit 6. disprs
 dvic  circ
® conninc ® cssif
© n © disor
@ phsis @ ncirc

2 js 7 rs
 dnd  
® conor ® rsor
© disprs © se
@ rid @ ock

3. oran 8 vi
 consisn  riid
® opprssi ® copx
© nsb © rric
@ nin @ inr

4 or 9. comonpc
 ihn  nr
® hii ® rudinr
© criiciz © prln
@ xinish @ nior

5. xgr 10. r

® iprss  join
® doin ® disor
© or © ppr
@ ors @ rs

14
 THE ESSENTIAL TOEFL VOCABULARY

LESSON 11MLTIPLE-CHOICE TEST QUESTIONS

1 Kpok s mde om e sl e  encircles e seeds o
e op sk-oo ee Ts dese m o oo es
suouds e seed  e u Hoee, uke oo
es, kpok es do o ed emsees o spg
Se e ae e ess d uo, kpok es
ee eese used  pddg d suo u e
deeopme o se es
Te od encircles  e pssge s oses  meg o
 eeses
® ues
© suouds
@ dspeses

2 Leis d Cks epedo's e ojee, e dsoer o

e e ommuno," s o ezed Hoee,  uge
k spe o e mp o No me d ee ed s
 esu o e epedo e umo d my eed o e
me Wes d ee eliminted d e koedge bou
e Wd Wes s mde kow o e Ae peope
e od eliminated  e pssge s oses  meg o
 eesed
® ued
© deeed
@ eggeed

3 Te mos elementary tpe o oeco · e exed 

e   e ses Coeo ues pem udgs o
e eed ou e use o uor deies he eed a
moes soe  gvt I e mospee, oeo uses e
d o o. Mos seee ee odos, su s odoes,
esu fom pu sp oeo ues
Te od elementary  e pssge s oses  meg o
 dspesed
® ei
© pee
@ pra

145
ESSENTIAL WORDS FOR THE TOEFL

4 Te ke element o e a codoe s  ooco

ee  os cosly o e codoe's
ecss I becoes  lqd d es o e e 
s copessed d becoes  s d bsobs e e
e pesse s emoed Te ecss  epoe d
copess e ee e dvded o wo es oe o e
eo c cldes   le  d cool col d
oe o e exeo c cldes  copesso codese col
d 
e od element  e psse s closes  ei o
 et
 copoe
© ppose
@ de

5 A coo hb o e soes Ued Ses e pe

do les  ops clled cotrs. A beed coee cos
oe le oe o f eles d e o o e ps o
es Seel coees f lage ops clled wad, c e
deeed b e sce o e e Te ds  u e
ed o oncople dells o ecoec bos
d  eces Te os  coe s y s 65 o 160
ces, c co osds o ddls Wle e pe
do poplo s o o e oce bee  e bllos
b deelope o e soeser eo s precpitated
 poplo decle o el 95 pece.
e od precipitated  e psse s closes  e o
 seed
® led
© oded
@ leed

146
 THE ESENTIA TOEFL VOCABUARY

6 T  lt l  SU    l t 

l   d S d SV  
l d ggd;      g
q g d   d  T
   l ud       t
d    gd   moe peve
     E  g   g
 ll    lt
I g  SV  moe peve    
   
     
®     
© k   kg 
@ u  g   l

7 W lwd ly lld u  lg

lu   d r  B lwid  ec
  u  lg-lg   ll  
lg d d   gul    Ss
g  u u d  gd 
d    l l,  h
 dg
T d ec   g  l  g 
 uq
® 
© ba
@ l

8 Pl    d S   M

D  d dl  d jd g 
  d S I   ud  jf  n
 l    A  H S.
dl l  d du  gg xt 
 peve lt  Li A l d 
l 
T d peve   g  l  g 
 d
® dd
© 
@ l

147
ESSENIA WORDS FOR HE TOEFL

9 A ccue s  pcue o ohe epeseo h exagerates

 pcu phscl c ppece dess o he mes
o  ddu o poduce  dsnc comc eec I s used o
dcue poc soc o eous suos d suos
o cios  ddus oups, o csses o  socet Te
e tpes o ccue e usuy doe wh sc he
h humoous e  ode o ecoue poc o soc
che
he wod exagerates  he psse s coses  me o
 emphszes
® soshes
© emeshes
@ bces

10 Geooc ches povde  coc exo  he

puzz w h p speces e sped oud he word.
he cos o he eus Arua  empe he ae
seeds h do o o  sewe d e dispersed oy sho
dsces Howee he he ee ud ehe s sss o s
ce gow ps o  coes d o some sds
h ppea o e fmes o coes
he wod dispersed  he psse s coses  me o
 sceed
® dscded
© ed
@ eesed

148
 LESSON 12
• bnft • dfcint • vaporat
• blind • loqunt • rcovr
• broadn • ndorse • rportdly
• burgon • normous • shit
• carryout • ntirly • suscptibl
• conspicuously • rod

beneft v o be usef o hepu

av benefcly syn sss
a. benefcl
n benef
n benefcry
Use o so poe  benet  k
I s exeey benefil o pepe   es

blnd d ube o see o ues o coce;

av blndly shog poo jugme o uesg
n blndness syn ue
Tey ee blid o te c h hey h e chce o succee
He e o he job blidly, h o peous expeece

broaden v o ae ge o gee

av brodly syn ege
aj brod
n bredt
Euco wl bren you oppounies o   goo job
Te breadth o hs koege s pesse

burgeon v gog   s pce

aj. burgeoning syn. hve
Hs e s  ps bureoned  he ge o 14.
Te burgeoni popuo o o ces s ceg  e 
oe serces

149
ESSENTIAL WORDS FOR THE TOEFL

cay out v  p  k    

sy ph
T  qd h   c u h p
T pn  kd  h d   cae ut d

conspicuously v ttg 

aj copcuous sy t
H  w cnspcuusly   h i  wi
T  w conspicuus o h gg   h


defcient adj.  hg gh  hg

av. deficely sy kig
n. deficecy

A d defcie    d  d hth

T   defciecy  qd g  h r

eloquent a xg y ti, d

av. eoquey vg
n. eoquece sy  ()
Sf pti  ly elque pk
T d   elquetly wit

endorse v.  x pp

n edorseme sy. pp
T  edrsed th w t
T pd' edsemt  h pj gad i fdg

enormous a. r g

av. eormousy sy. d
n. eont

H emus wth w h  ti  y hati.

A d wth y  d gb  erusly   h
d

150
 THE ESENTIA TOEFL VOCABUARY

ee adv my

aj eie syn gy
n. eet

 nmis ws nely ig in is nysis

 sin s h s in is ney b  nws
nn

eoe v  w wy is swy

n. eoso syn i
T sn's s is rd bs  is n siins n
t mj isss
I  miins  ys  rsin  n  m  Gn Cnyn

epoe v.  nis
n epoon syn is
T as   w sis ing n gmn  vapoad
T vapoaon   fs ws nxinb

ecoe v  g b   sming r

a. ecoeed syn ti
aj. eoveable
n ecoer

T NASA m ws nb  cov  s s

 covd bjs  n bn mg

epoed av.  kw by ; unm; ssl

aj epoed syn. m
v epo
n epo

T sns potedly sn  sniv, b s s n

y i.
T poed r s n bn nm

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SSNI ORDS FOR H OFL

shift n. a chang in poson or drcon

aj stig syn swch
v. s
aj. sh
T sh n h wind was hpu o h saors
Earhquaks ar causd  he shi o h Earth's crus aong
conc us

susceptible a. o  sujc o nunc; capa o ng

n. suseptbeess acd  a prson or hing
a susceptbly syn. vulrab
Whn ravng n ropca cmas, ravrs ar suseptle
o maara.
Adoscns ar spcay susceptle o h nunc o hr fnds

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MTCWNG

Choose he syom

1. bee 6 sscepble
® pospe ® uleble
 demd  cospcos
© sss © exeed
@ dssh @ elesed

2 ca o 7 bode

® dscer ® mpess
 hse  elc
© ccomplsh © eel
@ l @ ele

3. umoed 8. swch
® oel ® ech
 pposefll  sh
© compvel © popose
@ epotedl @ sppo

4. lck 9. eee
® dece ® ecoe
 we  deeoe
© slm © dspese
@ ejoble @ elqsh

5 he 10. eloqe

® exgee ® tcle
 beo  emble
© dome © edin
@ edose @ cospcos
N OD O  O

LESSON 12MULTIPLE-CHOICE TEST QUESTIONS

1 Pc    c  mdr  I m c,

c dc dm wc  w b cd
w mc bc  wi b b  m
c  d w    wi b 
 cm  c nrl cm B
c    m c   
n   evaporated      wd
T wd evaporated     c n m 
 bd
® d
© bdd
 dd

2 R dk  md a  d    mb
 c  wk c     nd c b
ckd F ndcd  Ed m Fc   
gh c   dk d bcm  dd c
 c qm b  d    c I w
mdcd   q S   d 
m dc  t eroded.
T wd eroded     c  m 
 cd
® d
© d
 ded

3  Amc cc Fk Ld W dd r,

b  dciv c d cz T r
d w entirely dd   d   bdg;
 m m   b H c vd b-
r bc   fr w    cc.
T wod entirely     c  mn 
 w
® d
© cm
@ cspcusy

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4 Wle e pel benef  geec egieeg s sbs

e pe dges m be eqe Imppe dg
cd pse  el zd  e pbc F empe e
dc  ccecsg gees  cmm ecs
gsms e e ez s cd be e  ese dges
Te wd beneft  e pssge s cses  meg 
 cs
@ sssce
© edseme
 ecer

5 Jggg s bee endorsed b mny medc es

s lbe eecse  e e d  geel pscl
cdg I sd be cdced ee he d Oe
medc es wee wa  e ces d e
mes c es m jggg Wm-p eecses beoe
jggg ppe desged ses, ppe jggg ecqe se
cg d geel gd el e   se pcp
 s cvt
Te wd endorsed  e pssge s cses  meg 
 eped
® spped
© cczed
 eggeed

6 I 1900 we ces sc s Rss Iy d Jp

cmed  ecse g  de w C e sece scet
 Bes" ws med  ppse hs s  Cese
s Membes  e gp wee repored o e mgc
pwes  peced em  cs fm dg eges
Neeeess me  20000 oeg ps ee ded
 C sccess cked Bejg esbsed e g 
em d dsbded e Bes
I sg  he Bes wee repored o e mgc pwes
e  mes  e mgc pwes
 wee  esbsed c
@ wee leged  exs.
© d bee eped s se
 d bee eed s ue

155
ESSENTIA WORDS FOR THE TOEFL

7 F 1890  1940 L As  h c 

 T ct  d f  p p  ct d
pdd h US C  mc  k  h ct
 S Pd T y w h w c  d
d   hb  cucd  1899 d 1914 A
  L A pcd burgeoning cc h
h d brgeoning  h p  c  n 
 d
® hd
© d
@ h

8 N ch  hd chy  i y

ch ch Ty  cy ppd d
d  wy c yd hh ch I h weh
cr ch broadened h ch- qn
    y To  Wd W II ch­
  hd h p By h 1960,
  l ch hd  d  c 
  dpa  ch  dc
h d broadened  h p  c   
 pcd
® hd
© d
@ dcd

9. Ep  dy  p h    

dcy chg hy    cc 
cud    recovered  h h Ahc Rv 
hc A Cd nd  h Oc Rv 
 Vz I h p  cc d
 c   cud  d h d' p
ppy y  dd y  dcd
T d recovered  h p  c   
 d
® xd
© pd
@ cd

156
 THE ESSENTIA TOEF VOCABUARY

10 Te teet s  pweful tl lble t students und te

wld Tnks t ts pd gwth, esecng a tpc s w
s esy s  muse clck. It s n lnge cmmnplce t see
students usng notn m bks n  lbr becuse te
Inteet s  me cnenent Studets can cy  enormous
amut  nmt  the bckpcks  becses just by
vg  lptp cmpute wt ccess t te wldwde web
Sme peple clm tt dgtl bks will s eplce pyscl
bks Otes belee tt lbes wll becme bslete nd tt
scls wll tu t lne suces t cnduct eseac
Te wd enormous  te pssge s clsest  meg t
 studng
® exceptl
© dtgeus
@ temedus

157
 LESSON 3
• ccolde • fce • offensive
• crcil • fcet • pedictaly
• elude • idol • suitble
• evident • inccessible • suss
• exhust • oblivious • uphold
• extensive • obviously

accolade n.  ad o dstco

syn hoo
She eceed m acoades dug he cdemc cee
A Nobe Pe s jus oe o hs m aolades

crcial aj. o ge mpoce; exeme ecessr

av crucall syn. cc
Fobe wehe s r o  good hves
Hg  he nomo ecess o me  good decso s
ray mpo.

elude v. o escpe   ick w

aj eusve syn ede
n. elusiveess

Te cml hs eued he poce f mohs

Success hs bee esve f he em

evident q esy o see, usu becuse o some poo

av. evdetly syn. ppe
n evdece

I s evdent h ou e o eeg we

A he eviene pois o he pesece o hdoge

158
 THE ESENTIA TOEF VOCABULRY

exaust v o use compeey; o expend  ene;

a exusey ver hoouh
aj exuse sy depee
a exusg
c exused
. exusio

Tey ehud he eneg n en mnues

Te esv epo ws ccmed by eveyone

etensive aj. e n e o numbe

av eesvely *o oe; o mae one
v. eed*
 eteso* sy compehensve

Te xnsv snow cused pobems houhou he ct

Te poesso xdd  wm wecome o he new suden

face v o be n he pesence o nd oppose

sy conon
Te mounn cmbes d ve dne on he c
He fnds  dcu o  hs pobems

facet n. eemen o componen

aj feed sy spec
Te popos hd mny benefc ct
I ws  mlfad pobem h chened he ene suden body.

idol .  peson o me h s oyy dmed

n dolry o especed
aj. dolrous sy heo
he Bees,  mous snn oup o he 1960s, wee he iol o
mny eene s
Spos ns oen doli mous hees

159
ESSENTIAL WORDS FOR THE TOEFL

inaccessible aj meg t c be eced 

n ccssbty cmmunced 
 ccssby y eme
he umm  e mu  naccbl.
Te dgr accblty ued e epe

oblivious aj  be uwe   fgeu

n obivosss y g
j oblosy

Te ude ee oblvou  e c  e e ud ce e
ee cpe
e c b ee oblviu  e dge  e
ppcg ucae

obviously av   ce, e-uded y

j obos y evdey
I d obvosly ed
I  obvos  e d  pciced   ep

offensive aj cug ge; ude; beg upe

n. ofsss y isuig
 ofsy

Re eggs em  ofesv d

He ofnsv emk geed e ee udece

predictably av.     oees uue ee

j. pdcb y expeced
 pdc
n pdco

Se prdctably fg  d e gme.

Te geme' prcto ee ccue

suitable aj pppe; cec; cene

av sby y pppe
v. s

He de   tabl o e cc

Te geeme t l e membe  e egg em

160
 THE ESENTIA TOEFL VOCABUARY

suass v. o go beyond
aj. surpassab syn exceed
n surpasser

Te move surassed even he m crcs' hgh expecaons

he soccer payer wl probaby surass he scorng record se
as year

uphold v. o suppor or manan

n. upholdr syn. susan
he ree house as uphed by hree hick ree branches
Each presden of the Uned Saes mus promse o uphold he
Consuon.
ESSENTIAL WODS FOR THE TOEFL

MTCHG

Choose he snonym

1. oblos 6 elde
® else ® erode
 blnd ® eade
© eclecc © endorse
@ ald @ enrch

2. crcal 7 exense
® prealen ® delcae
 else  mpresse
© prme © comprehense
@ crucal @ dsrpve

3 predcabl 8 honor
® oblosl ® recompense
® expecedl ® accolade
© conspcosl © nsrcon
@ extensel @ enlargemen

4 ssain 9. edenly
® phold ® ronel
 em  enrel
© creep © exceponally
@ dsngsh @ obosl

5. inaccessble 10. exceed

® depleed ® srpass
 incessan  benef
© remoe © asceran
@ enormos @ recompense

162
 HE ESSENTIL TOEFL VOCBULARY

LESSON 13MLTIPLE-CHOICE TEST QUESTIONS

1 Eee eoloss sre e eolog o  e d e

pepe  eolocl p Oe o e  esposbles s
o deemie ee e eolocl suce o  loco s
suiabe  he bld o e suces sc s ds
he od sutabe  e psse s closes  en o
 ppope
® eese
© ecoeble
@ peec

2 Expes belee   cld's ly epeeces e ra 

pesol deelope he s  bsc eeds e e n
c lo  le echqes o chld en, c lee
 peme k o pesolt Clde lea beo
ppope o e se b def w e pe o e se
se A  cn elosp h  pe elps sch
lea
he od ral n e psse s closes  ei o
 evde
® eese
© ccl
@ obvos

3 Te Eeldes copses oe o e ldes d os

naessbe es  e Ued Ses Is ldle s plel
d s lel poeced  he Eeldes Nol Pk. e
ol hbs o e Eeldes e seel ded Seole
ds
Te od inaccessible  e psse s closes  e o
 eoe
® dsce
© ce
@ ese

163
ESSENIA WORDS FOR THE OEFL

4 Bnk cd d db cds o usd odd  emps
o g pupos b cds Esbsms og lmos
 kd o poduc o sc o oo suc cds Ts
cds  dsgd o g cusoms ccss o cd sgs
d ccg ccous, mg  d o pucs ms
w cs I s predicted    fu s cds 
comp m  d  cag cs
T od predicted   pssg s coss  mg o
 cocb
® vd
© jusd
@ icpd

5 I Ws cuu u bou  mdd o  s

cur bogps  g bus o mous
ddus T pupos s o g d mo T
o d   xmp s o pop o bcm os
d heroines o  pubc bu somms so god  s
o mous dos o bd dds
T od heroines   pssg s coss  mg o
 dgs
® dos
© bcos
@ popss

6 Kscs s  m g o  sud o ob cos

suc s cl xpssos gsus d  coc I my
cuus dc  coc s s s  sg o dsspc 
facetoface encounters. Suds  xmp  xpcd
o o  s  ddssg  c I o
cuus od s  cosud s  dco o sm
mbssm o dsost Kscs cuss o m suc
cuu dcs
I dscussg face-toface encounters,  uo s g o
soc cos  hc o pop 
 sg bc o bc
®  o o c o
© pg  s do.
@ sg o spc

164
 THE ESSENTIA TOEF VOCABULRY

7 Hg   g  g  vd w

    m bo   I y 
 w mg  w  ; 
w  g    b   k  n
O g wp   ,  bm m
f a  b  k  b
 w id   g    mg 
 m
® 
© b
@ 

8 M  om b    g g f

  m  g g m  ml 
r m  a   m   Gw
 w  em  ag g 
g g        
 b b  xsd ml
 w hsd   g    mg 
 
® 
© 
@ 

9   A   m bm

mmg  ul   w g m
  m   m gm c
 by    l  b  a
bm    .  k  mm
bt l  mk  m  
 my   
T w c   g    mg 
 b
® 
© 
@ 

165
SSNIAL WORDS FOR THE TOFL

10 Pop ass seek o poa moder culue Te a emphaszes
moder socal alues, he spawl o uban le, and he lashy,
folous, anso, and oensve fcets o moder le Tese
values ae the ve opposes o he alues cheshed b ass
o he pas.
he wod facets n he passage s closes n meanng o
 aspecs
® deals
© cs
@ paicles

166
 LESSON
• ample • enact • indiscriminate
• ardos • eign • pinpoint
• ad • ertile • selective
• avert • reshly • spacios
• def • uction • withstand
• diligent • ndamental

ple aj e n enug

 mpy syn sucen
Tee s ample edence  e yung n s speedng en e
ccden ccued
Se s amply pd o e k se cpeed

aduous aj. ey dcu  clengng equng

av duously d k
n. rduousness syn dendng
Te unn u gudes cbed e unn  an ardos pce
Te e's cps suved despe e ardous sue e

ad adj beng  e n  e

syn. dr
Te e knwn s te S Dese s ne  e s ar pces
n e d.
Te ley n e eed sde  e unn s exeey ar.

aver   sp f ccung;  um y

n vesion  sde
j. vetabe syn peen
Se cud e aered e ccden  se d n been eng he
dvng
Te ciens pcked sndbgs ng e e bnk  aver e dng
 e sees

167
SSENTIAL WORDS FOR TH TOFL

def v o ho ll  o   ul o

av fing blh os o chll
a fng sy 
I def ou o  h book  h lb collco
T ccu po o h th-defg ou

diligent adj o wh pc  h ok

 lgnc h o o l
av gnt sy cocou
Sph pl  dc  h coplo o h

h dt ok c coo  h ccoplh

enact vo p  l

ad nc sy ll
 ncmn

Co actd h llo ui  l o

h actmt o h l   h h o h S

eign v. o p; k bl

adj gn syn ul
Sh d ll h t   o  h 
T hl d h jur

ertile adj. bl o pouc buly

v tiliz sy ch
 ili
. iliz

T l  o   kon  h rt ol

Frtirs  u o cop o c l

ey adv. cuh o pouc o lo o

ad sh syn. cly
v. rshn
 rshnss

Feshy hv pouc  h o m n h w oh

h pouc' feshnss p o  c poo 
o b it o k.

168
 HE ESENIAL TOEFL VOCABULARY

fnction n e ol pupose o soehg

av ucoy syn ole
aj co
v fcto

I s e nion o e deo o ognze nd led e depen

Mos pples cao.fnion wou elet

fundamental   pa o s elee

av daely syn essenl
e suden goveen posed ndnt nges n e
egso poess
He s fndamntally song  s e o expese

indiscriminate adj no osen eull; unplned

av dscrmey syn br
e indiscrinat gee o he podus de e soe
onfsng
e ook's pes see o e ognzed indiscrinaely.

pinpoint v. o d o dese soeng w peso

aj ppon syn. loe
e engnees ee medel le o inpoin e pole 
he dge
e ne, dvned eoee esues e epeue 
inpoin u.

seective j eully osen

av seecivey syn dsning
av. selec
v. selec
 seleco
. selecvy

Te ee vec selecive en e ose e ees o e de
e
He seleced Sps s s lguge lss

169
ESSENTIA WODS OR THE TOEFL

spacious ad. hg  lo o room

av. pacouly syn xps
n. space
n pacioue

T paius pls o h Mdws ma up h o's brdbsk

A cuum s  mpt pae.

withstand v. o fgh whou surrdr; o prss

syn. suriv
Sh cno wihad h prssurs o hr job
T old buldg wihtod he rrbl sorm.

170
 THE ESENTIA TOEF VOCABULRY

MTCHG

Choose he synon

1. scen 6 e
 ccl  peen
® essenl ® mze
© ple © sse
@ eense @ llow

2 se 7. selece
® eode ® nccessble
® ween ® ch
© elde © ecen
@ whsnd @ dscmnng

3. def 8. dlgen
® ess ® ndenl
® deene ® ec
© sle © evden
@ dscmne @ conscenos

4 dos 9 spcos
® pedctble ® cucl
® dendng ® specl
© nconl © nscle
@ chonc @ exnse

5. ad 10 pipon
® dr ® loce
® ele ® enc
© esh © dce
@ db @ ssn

171
ESSENTIAL WORDS OR THE TOEFL

LESSON 14MLTIPLE-CHOICE TEST QUESTIONS

1 N  cs o  s  s o h so

co o   h chc coos  cos Ko
s cs o soo h  os coo  os h h
mpe .
T o mpe  h ss s coss   o
® q
 
© xr
@ c

2  h  s o  s  o  cs o

s  o  h sk  s o  hh w
600  900 s o h oFh o s
o i s o a o o sos  cus
cos o o ad n h s h cs occ.
h o ad  h ss s coss  n o
® ock
 ho
© 
@ hh

3. T Coso Is   o o defg h

v Ioqos  h Ioqos  h  o 1675
Pt o h b  o h oo R Ohs ssq
sl  Coso  h s o Lncs, Psy
h o defg  h ss s coss   o
® c
 hoo
© ss
@ oho

172
 HE ESENTIA TOEF VOCABULRY

4 Fsg hs b pccd  cus  m ds

pupss Sm ss   nduc t Ohs 
dd  avert csph   s s pc o
s Amc Ids hd b ss  scp hg
dsss h Azcs  Mxc d h Ics  P bsd
p ss  pcf h gds
T d avert  h pssg s css  mg 
 cm
® ss
© cm
@ p

5. M Ab  Oac Mxc s h c  h Zpc
cuu h lushd ud h y 100  Is ggc s
sucus  s ud  spacios pz cd by g
h p   mu
h d spacios  he pssg s css  mg 
 husv
® ps
© ccu
@ 

6 Spc p hs hd s sh  pbms hughu h

ys A l  h Challeners dsg d    ccd
 1986 h M s s   ub d h Columia
shu cshd  r  2003 Dsp hs gds,
h pgm hs pd m s msks d m 
gig d  ms dy NASA s cd h
spcc  fdametally sond d pcy s
I sg h spcc  fudametally sond, h uh
ms h hy 
 bsc  dsgd d bu
® quppd h cc musc
© dgusy d d .
@ y w d pm

173
ESSENIA WORDS FOR THE OEFL

 Foo ss  unctions  os ig ogss Fs 

pos m  s us o sus  civs o 
ogs Sco o supps  co oos qu
   pocsss  occu w  c T
o pos  s o whc  o  sucu
copos o  ig c c b ssb
T wo unctions   pssg s coss  g o
® cos
 cs
© souos
@ os

8 Has woo s   psr s   gs

sc nso  o Ts pocsss su   w s
So woo poucs suc s poss  pos  feshly cu
Mos o woo poucs   up o m s,
wc qu f pocssg b   ucu
o  poucs
T wo feshly   pssg s coss  g o
® 
 cly
© ou
@ scc

9 Loss s opso  b gcs. Vs poss o oss k 

Mws p o  U Ss xt ertile  o
o  os po g es   wo I o, 
sos    og   s  ss o  go
so  o s g po.
T wo ertile   pssg s coss  mg o
® c
 d
© 
@ pb

174
 HE ESENTIAL OEFL VOCABULARY

10 Sc opossums r lrl arborl hir homs r ot ud
i hollow rs or udr sumps d roos Fegg dh s o
o h opossum's prcpl ds mchsms. hs couss s
prdors, procin h opossum fom dar
T word egg i h pss s closs  m o
 mn
® ci
© prd
@ dsplyin

175
 LESSON 15
• dept • ham • reject
• dhere • insignifcnt • sbstntil
• oster • mysterios • trit
• hlt • perilos • nderscore
• hndle • promote
• hrbor • redudnt

adept djable o do somehig well, beig aleed

sy sklled
He s dept a calmg osy chlde.
he vesgaos ee dept a e jobs

adhere v o sck o o fllo pecsely

n. dherece sy comply
Taveles mus ahere o he las o he cour hey ae vsg.
e eeees excessvely sc dherece o he ules upse he playes

foster v. o pomoe goh o developme

sy smulae
e dusal evoluo fostered he se o he mddle class
Paes usually foster he developme o good habs n he childe.

halt v o sop o dscoiue

av. hatigy sy. sop
aj. htig
n halt

Bus seIce o he ct as hlted due o poo oad codos
e supeIso pu a hlt o he adiess o he employees.

handle v o deal h o cool

n hdig sy maage
hey hdled hemselves ver ell gve he cicumsaces.
e pesde's hndlig o he css as dely applauded.

176
 THE ESSENTIAL TOEFL VOCABULAR

 v o e poeco o o expess 

dese o opo, sll d
yn shele
He hrbors ll eels  he
Te hrbored he polcl efee in he hoe

mu ad soeh h cses p o de

av hanlly yn helhy
v ha
 ha

Excesse do s hmfl o he od

Blech ham cei bcs

insignifcant a o po o lle le

av sgficaly yn eless
 sgficace

Te o o ll hs se hs ee nsincant

Te nincance o hs coe ece ppe wh he pssin
o te

mysterious a o esly desood o ed o

av myseosly yn 
 mysey
 mysterousess

He hd  msterou eec o eeroe ho hed h spe

Te 's dsppece s  myster

perilous aj. hee o sk hal

av. pelosly yn. dgeos
. pel

I s peris o exceed he speed l

Tee e ple pers  he spo o o cl

promote v o ecoe o dese; o elee

 pomoe   o de
 pomoo yn oos
My os prmote os o le e cec.
Te csoes espoded vol o he hl-pice prmotion.

177
EENI WORD FOR E OEF

redundant aj. be exessve show ueessa

. edudacy epeo
v redudantly syn epeous
Sues who sk ehes o epe h n e be rewidt
beuse epe mes ".
Lush, reuant veeo s ommo n opl lmes

reject vo efse

. rejecio syn euse
he nsue omp reecte he lm
Te reecton o hs wok ws dul  hm o uesn

substantial aj.mpo soly me; o vlue

v. subsaiay syn s
a. subsantive
Te sover o  ve  smllpox ws  substantil mel
heveme
hs substantve le wll he you opno o ok mus

trait nspe ules h sush oe

om ohe
syn hes
He sese o humo n heel pesolt e some o he mos
mpessve ait.
Alms bloe h s  rai hee om he he

underscore v. o mke eve o emphsie

syn hhlh
Te hh qult o he sue's see  pojec Werscore he
le  bolog
Te oluso o he epo shoul wierscore s m es

178
 HE ESSENTIA TOEF VOCABULARY

MTCHG

Coose e snonym

l'. se 6 sbsnl

 egee  pz
 smle  vese
© n © sncn
@ ennce @ pelos

2 l 7. nescoe
 evpoe  sele
 vo  l
© ef © boos
@ sop @ egee

3.  8 mseos
® welln  nelhy
® ccesc ® neos
© ncon· © mc
@ bndnce @ bln

4 ep 9. nsnicn
 ble  menless
 onoble ® umenr
© conen © voos
@ aene @ spcos

5. enn 10. dee

 epetos  exs
® ceve ® ejec
© ond © compl
@ cve @ wsn

179
ESSENTIAL WORDS OR THE TOEFL

LESSON 15MLTIPLE-CHOICE TEST QUESTIONS

1 Sce c o pecue o e pobe e o e Coo

 e uvee  uboud ee  e pobt  
exo wl halt. Tu eveuy e ae d  w
 de Te Coo e woud be  cod dk d vuly
ept pce I e uvee s boud e  d eeg
coe w coe oee    b er queeze
Te wod halt  e pe  coe  e o
 coue
® op
© exd
@ ef

2 e pecepo o dep d dce deped o o

ed ou vou ee o Seo cue ndce
e dce  wc objec e oced o e dvdul d
o ec oe e ee o  d e  dep
d dce cue  e substantially depede o oe
oe
e wod substantially  e pe  coe  e o
 ic
® bud
© cc
@ voou

3 Becue e eed o u couco e o vou e

ud o e  pobb e o dcu d mysterious
pec o eou ue ud do, ue 
bee demed  e epeo o ou Bu  de   oo
ow  epeo o ue d  oo bod  vew o
ou o be wowhe e exeo o ou  ju oe
o e  oe o ue.
e wod mysterious  e pe  coe  e o
 ub
® eu
© po
@ b

180
 THE ESSENTIAL TOEFL VOCABULARY

4 T hi  m msm ss h h physc

suus   pp cu u sucs cm
 ph  h mj m cs  h
pm  h cuu ho msm rejects
h  h hsr   sc  cmc cs,
 h ms  cuu p sc epm
h  rejects  h pss s css  m 
 uss
® s
© pms
@ hss

5 T s b   u cs pgm s  mp­

m   ss Appp cs boosts muscu
sh  uc bt  cspr
uc T   mamum x k  cd­
spr uc s usuy    mpc  ms
vus T ms mp h s  n h mamum
  pmc
h  boosts  h pss s css  m 
 hms
® ms
© pms
@ s

6 h umb   ps n h l s wn h ch

s s h h u hb  Ch hs b uc
s bmb ss h b c  cs b 
o Chs s hum ppu I c h  cm
perilously close  s h p h  h 1980s s
 su  h p's uu s bh T Chs
m  pcs ms  h ps u hb.
I sy h h  cm perilously close  s h
p h uh ms h h  p
 hs b s f fm zs
® n hum bs
© h h nc  bmb
@ s   m

181
ESSENTIAL WORDS FOR THE TOEFL

7 S ps  k ur  cp o  O
P c s ps   s p   sp 
N Yk  s Cs L ve  cu i  
       s i H cv 
$25000 p  1927    s  k  pelos
g css  c
T  peros   pss s css   
® sus
 us
© pa
@ pspus

8 I ps     ck m s e ps

 c u s c     suppls
Dss-c c   s c k  d
w  Ev  c US cis suc cs
v    u  supps
T  haful   pss s css   
® f
 vs
© cspcuus
@ u

9 Cc b s  pcc i Eup cuis

 n ys I  U Ss, cc b 
hdle spus s   pput T Ac Ab
Assc es ps  bs h  ss
 pps sus. T css  s ps v 
c y  cus  n ss
T  hdle   pss s css   
® c
 
© c
@ p

182
 HE ESENTIAL EFL VOCABULARY

0 Ma Lh K J h  gc sk blt Ts
qlit b hi  dep xss Ac-mcs' 
 sc jsc H n h s  mls    l
cs h hs q s  vo sc c n h
c  c s H c r ccs w
h s  h 1964 Nb Pc Pz,  m ys 
su  ss bsc cv s   czs.
h  dep  h ss s css  m 
 csy
® xy
© ssy
@ sfy

183
 LESSON 16
• conscientios • inadvertently • retrieve
• convey • inevitable • systematically
• encompass • inancy • ulikely
• expansion • mimic • nwarranted
• heighten • paramout • zenith
• highlight • profcient

conscientious aj. showg seous pupose oe who woks

av. conscientiously caefll d wh ehussm
syn meculous
She s  conscientious epesee o he sude body
hey ppoched he sk conscientiously

convey v o make somehng kow o ohes

o commuce
syn. commuce
Te mage o he soe conveyed hs dsplesue decly o he
wokes
He ws ble o convey hs messge o he udece wih ese

encompass v. o suoud compleel; o evelop

syn clude
He pla o sudy encomases evey spec o compue scece
he couse encomsses all he leue o he ieeeh ceur

expansion n. he c o mkg lge

aj. xandable syn. gowh
v xand

Ension occus whe me s heed

Te lboor s eaing s cpct o poduce compue chps.

184
 THE ESSENTIAL TOEFL VOCABULARY

heighten v o cs o com 

aj heigheed syn sf
. heigh

A  sccssul  ca heihen  cadd's ccs o

  jo
 plc s   heihened s o vosss s  nca
ppocd

highight v o mpsz  p o   ol

 highligh syn mpsz
e os ml hihliht  sc cos o  cam
 al ol s  hihlih o  m

inadvertenty av  ccd; wo py o;

aj. iadverte xpcdl
syn clssl
T pos d nvertently ld o cld  m o o o
 das
Hs ndvertent calclo csd m o di  o s

inevitable ad. som  co b pd

av ineviably om pp
 ieviabiliy syn odl
W o  ssms m, pdcl  codos
 inevtble.
 inevtblty o h ocom md  call lss xc

infancy n   g ss o dlopm

aj ifantile syn 
. ifat

  or s  s nfWy ad ll  hooly sd 

s ccs
 o's infntile  stl ppals o o ds.

185
SSNTIAL WORDS FOR THE TOEFL

mmc   cp n cn

n mcke sn m
h cmdn iicked h pdn' gu
P iic h pch h h h n h uundng

paramount aj    hgh mpnc

av paaountl sn om
n. paraountc

 clu proun gl    wn  h mpnc 

cmmunt c
Bng qu   poun mpnc whle wchng  m 
h h

profcient aj.   klld  xncd n mhng

av poficenl sn cmpn
n. poficenc

h m wll  h udn prfcincy n h Pugu lngug
Hghl prfcint hl a h pvlg  cmpng n h
Olympc

retrieve v.  nd nd ng ck

aj. eteved syn. c
n. eeval

Wll D eieve  u  h c mnucung cn 

 wld?
 cmpuid nrn etiev sm  h m up-d
m ll.

systematically av dn ccdng   pln

aj. sysemac sn. mhdcll
n sstem

T pln w dlpd sysemaicly b  m  p

Syseic chng n fgn plc h n ppd.

186
 THE ESSENTAL TEFL VOCABULARY

unlikely aj. not pobb

syn dobtf
Rn s ilkly to occ drn th dy sson
It s wlkely tht h w wnt to ttnd th connc

uwated aq wthot ood son o cus; nppopt

syn. njstid
Hs nt cton ws unantd
T motost t tht th tckt  th ncton ws arntd

zenith n th hghst pont

syn px
H chd th znth o hs posson t  vy yon .
T pblcton o th book psntd th znth o hs ce

187
ESSENTIAL WORDS FOR THE TOEFL

MTCHG

Choos h synonm

1 conv 6 ncompss
® innsif ® mphsiz
 pomo  gin
© communic © highn
 ngnd  incud

2 pocin 7. pe
® suia ® c
 psisn  znih
© compn © i
 invib @ w

3 gowh 8. ssmicl
 pnsion  unxpcd
® uncion @ psusiv
© highigh © sounding
 cov  mtodic

4. micuous 9 pmoun
® hphzrd ® ik
 conscinious  mos
© indvn © pping
 conspicuous @ micuous

5. iv 10. mimic

® disps ® cd
 cov  imi
© cc © sonish
 odn  highigh

188
 HE ESENTIA TOEF VCABULARY

ESSON 16MTIPLE-CHOICE TEST QUESTIONS

   d  m w ccfy d  Nw

Yk C  1871  m w. Bc m owe hd
my dd h  w  cd A x
k  d i w  in Nw Yk Ct It w
i c  my   w systematicaly mid
c   qud ac d c  cbd
 c c.
 wd systematicaly  h   c i m 
 idl
® p
© mc
 mhdc

2. Mc d w m  ccd d d  d 

dc h l um d weh  h m h q
 d. Tm ch h m  h w d
mk    hd. It c   d  recover cin
m  w  h g  cc  u.
 wd recover  h   c i m 
 
@ c
© d
 d

3. Amc h d h Sm E M

c cd    md h Cmi
   r wh meticuos chh h k
h d ck  h   h d  ch
chc  dad M Chh Cmu, d
S Fc Dk. H  cdd h ccmhm  h
U.S. Nv d Wd W II.
 wd meticuos i h   cs  m 
 wd
@ 
© d
 ccu

189
IL WOD O  OL

4. Spc mc pc hm  fm h vm

 pc   h c  h vm h
  pc mc c  c  v mc
T m pc mdc h   encompass
pcc  h  pc mc h   c
pct   Ac B  Pv Mc c
1953
T w encompass  h p  c  m 
® v
 pm
© mphz
@ c

5.  m m  po cc  phc w h 

m  whch s pp      p.
F mp  w    r   pc n
whch   k  h  cc    p wh
  p h Nh cc  kw phc
w ch  pc   mp hh    unlikely
 pc   c hpp.
h w unliely  h p  c  m 
® ic
 
© h
@ pc

6  1896  Swh chm   h c  gh

 H hw h cv ch  u c y
    c l c mphc
cc  ch   cb  mh 
 . Sc h, heightened awareness  h c
c  c h  h vm h   m
cc  h  cc Rc he h 
m   pp wam   Eh' mph.
   heightened awareness. h h m h
pp 
®   h 
 m cc  h .
© cc  h pm.
@ hm h h pm x.

190
 THE ESENTIAL TOEFL VOCABULARY

7 G coogc dces e d dug h infancy o

 Ued Ss' dus go Bu  od ds
o e 1920s boug bou pobs s  s bees M
Aecs d oub djusg o e pso s-pced
e o cs T copx le  cs dd o k e
sog m es  d ys bee p o Aec socet
Te od infancy i  pssg s coss  eg o
 p
® bgngs
© c
@ bgut

 Cef esg s o o  pceuc cop's os

po esposbes Pcuc cops d e
Food d Dug dso cos gud gs 
possbt o  hf dug bg sod o e pubc Bu 
 os cu sig co wys v  possbt h
 dug y poduce  inadvertent a c
e od inadvertent  e pssge s coses  g o
 cu
® uky
© gy
@ uxpeced

9 Bskb s d by Js Nsm  Cd­

Aec  1891 ody  s e od's os popu doo
spo Bskeb emphasizes ok d e ec qus
o educ, spd, d gt  pes e  dg
bcuse y c ch cose o e bsk o boe oe
pyes o soo d boud e b. Se pys k
cobuos o ir s s shoos d b ds
T od emphasizes   pssge s coss i g o
 ecopsses
® eboes
© ggs
@ ecs

91
ESSENIAL WODS FOR HE TOEFL

10 Dl Wbs s  ll-ko Amc sp, d o o

 mos cpbl lwys d ssm o is m H usd s
spk blt o sbls  so ol ovr  
S. H aso ppld  spk skills  d msd s
 lwy o heghe s ppl   d o slvy
T od heghe   pss s closs n m o
 sf
® psud
© pomo
@ covy

192
 LESSON 17
• absmal • docmented • intentionally
• agitate • endemic • intrinsic
• compl • evoke • inudate
• confdential • gradall • mindset
• delighted • impartial • nominal
• discreetl • inordinate

abysmal aj er bd 

syn ppg
He pemce  e es s ysmL
He mde  ysma emp  l e evy cuc

agitate v  ske  moe;  cuse r

. aga syn dsub
n agar

Te c t se d  aed by mdg aed e pes
He s k s  pc aior.

comply v.  gee  f  eques  cmmd

j mpla  dee  specc sdds
n. mpa syn cquesce
A e-ed dg i comly e d  s
Sudes mus m  B ege  em i comlince t he
scsp's ues

confdential d.  be sd  we i sece

v. conide syn. sece
av. fdtaly
n. da

We ee d  e nmt s sct confdent

Se confded  me  se d ys ed  be  me s.

193
ESSENIAL WRDS R THE TOEFL

delighted aj o e sised er pp

aj elghtfully syn eled
aj. elghtful
 elght

He s delihed it e esuls o e exeimen

I s  delihtfl eoon

discreetly av in  cefl, polie mnne

 dseet syn cuiously
e ece dscreely old the pens bou ei cilds inppopie
eio
You cn coun on me o e dscree.

documented aj. poen it itten evidence

aj ocumentar syn poen
v. ocument
. ocumentation

He d documened poo  e nk d mde n eo

Te c's documenaon s in ode

endemic adj nie o o commonly und in  specic

plce
syn indigenous
Kiwi ids e endemc only o Ausli
e use o Englis is  no mens endemc o Englis-speking
counies

evoke v. o cll up o poduce memoies o eelings;

o cuse o ememe
syn emind
Heing e oie song evoked nd memoies o e ig scool
eas
Mos sounds evoke ins o ime nd plce.

194
 THE ESENTIAL TOEFL VOCABULARY

dl dv so, bu sue

r g s sedly
Te b s gdull deeoed oe e es
Tee s bee  gdul cge  e cme ove e s decde

mp dj sowg o osm beg  o jus

 ipa s objece
eces mus be il judges o e sudes' ok
Judges e kow  e mpaty

ode .  ge mou o qut; moe 

av y esobe
s ecesse
e es d o cce  ode umbe o gs due o
e g
Tee s  odl ge umbe o es o e cos

eol dv  dee uose d ng

aj n s debee
 
. n

Te mce s ef o oll

He co s  dco o e good ons

 dj beg  m  o someg

av. tscay s ee
A ey s e trs ue.
Te ess o e Noes e nscll c  u esouces

ude v o ood
 i s oehem
Te do sos ee uded  eos o  seee c
ccde
Te ct eceed  udo o doos e e es sor
s ubsed

195
ESENTIAL WRD FR THE TOEFL

mindset n n esblshed ude o mood

syn menlt
A peson s moe liely o scceed  he o she ppoches pojecs
wh  pose mindt.
Te polcl mindet s deen n evey egon o he con

nomina a very smll; n m, b no n sbsnce

av. omnay syn. modee
Te oce bldng s sold   nominal pce.
She s nominally sccessfl s an cess.

196
 TH SNTI TOEFL VOCABULARY

MTClG

Cooe e oym

1. pr 6 ree
® objee ® obous
 oerwee  uous
© oeou © uke
 ofe @ eepe

2 ue 7. e
® oeou ® ee
 uue  reje
© opuou © ue
 obvou  urb

3 ouee 8 e
® proe ® gul
 r  uque
© ub © eo
@ durbe @ mee

4. o 9 et
® oere ® me
 here  profec
© iebe © ot
 aru  jro

5. exee 10. ee

® pree ® noed
   ee
© ebere © oerweme
 ore  e

197
ESSENTIAL WORDS FOR THE TOEFL

LESSON 17MTIPLE-CHOICE TEST QUESTIONS

1 Mds  sugs wh usu b my b su 

 h sss I c  m sugs m evoke 
mm h cuss  spcc c F sc  ps
wh s c  ss m dp  ck  shm jus
fm k   sd c  m  sus s
ps  sc   up bhv d hpss
 wd evoke  h pss s css  m 
 pduc
® ss
© m
 

2  Amic cdc Os Ws wkd  h s

d  ms   50 s Y hs m ss pcp
 tw pjcs h s hs 198 d dp  H G
Ws's Te War of th World, ws  cus wiss p
. M ck h d bdcs cd  pc m
ss wh, b h ck  b  nudated w
cm cs wh umus qus
h wd inudated  h pss s css  m 
 d
@ whmd
© sshd
 dhd

3  us  cs-ml pcs s  mdum  xch s

 c d I pbb dpd u  h us 
cmmc  d s  bz d h mas h hd
 trc u U h dpm  bs  xch 
md Eup d pp cuc  md Ch m
cs w h  ms  xch o ds d srcs
h wd trsc  h pss s css  m 
 n
® m
© dcumd
 d

198
 HE ESENIA TOEF VOCABULARY

4 T m   jv   o m 

  v   h h  w j
h q   h  hq  vi
h   fm h v m  h 
 me hm    i h q
tv   i
T  o  h    n m 
 
® m
© b
@ y

5 T Gk hh Axm  h hm 

  g h  th h hy  
    h  H  v h k m
 ny   h   h 
h    mhn  m h m m
   h
T  lg n h     m 
 my
® y
© ymy
@ mmy

6 Sm m  h i h n   

hy    my  z,
h n j  mv   vr
Sm m y h  h  h   
t i A gu cs hy a   m
   n m j    my S
h p  i h
I    gdu dcs n  h h m
 h
  m   
®  y v m
© m    j.
@  vr q

19
ESSENIAL WORDS FOR HE TOEFL

7  h  Suhs I bs  

wh h  subssss u h p  y
W s u    ss s 
u  h u k C s k s h h h
  uu gd  h h  p f
h
T  gd i h pss s ss i  
® sub
 iu
© 
@ xhus

8 Ms Li-A us hv m p

 h nih ur Y h  pt
,  uu p  US  Eup
ps huhu h s h  h h ur
B 196, pp b h hs p u bs b
 huh u 
T  ml  h pss s ss   
® s
 ub
© u
@ 

9 Op ps h b p s h 193s Ps  
s   a h  ubs  pp hnk
bu us ps. T  us xse  ps 
busss I bh s  p ps p p
s  busisss wh cdl n bu
h pub 
h o cd i h pss s ss   
® s
 sus
© s
@ ss

200
 THE ESENTIAL TOEFL VOCABULARY

10 A  meeng o dscuss he ederl Consuon John Hncock

s persuded o suppor rcon o ge Hncocks suppor
some people promsed m  nominon fr e presdency 
George Wsngon declined oug ppearng o be mong
e leders o he reoluonres e s no consdered n
ndependen gure. Rer e s  ool o Smuel Adms o
ook dnage o Hncock's mbon nt, nd inordinate
loe o populrt.
Te ord inordinate in e pssge js closes n menng o
® excesse
 unarrned
© exusve
@ oerwelmng

201
 LESSON 18
• surd • demenor • limber
• lloction • exert • mens
• lnced • allcious • preconception
• rzen • fesile • roust
• come cross • intuition • swf
• culminte • lck

 a c  wh 

adv absurdly sn c
. bsurdit

Cn, I hk h gg  bsud

T  bsuly   h 

t n.  h  p     pc

adj. oced pp  gm  p
v. oce syn 
H llocon  m  gy  p
Alloct c pc  h g   c k. •

 aj.   h vrg   h m

v. blance z  gh;  me   
. blance h c  q m  h
h
sn. qz
H m  blnced p  h p  v
T mm c  p blnce  pg fm h
ghh  ih c

a a.   hm

syn. 
T  benly  h h
T braen plic   wh fom h .

202
 HE ESENTIA OEF VOCABULRY

come coss v    sce usuy b cce

 mske
sy ecue
Te wm came acoss e  e ees we kg ug
ps  e yuh
Te pess came acrss e tce we secg e ere

cuminte v  s  ec  cmx  e ges

 culmnton p
aj cumntng sy ccude
Te ck sg culinated   u gu s
Ae ou yes  ge suy e sue's  wk culiated
 see es  f scslps  cege

demenor  smees uwa ppece  e

sy cuc (n)
Te  wm   pes demeano.
Te dg ws uge u s ey demeano ese my es

exet v  pu  use;  pu   e

 xrion sy. ppy
He      s seg  me e ey x
Yu dy w e ee peped o pysc ern  yu execse
y

allcos aj. vg es

av acousy sy cec
. acy

He faiu gume cu  e eee

 s  fly  k  mey wi g yu ppess.

fesble d e  e e

av. sby sy psse
 fesbty

I s feasile desg  e g-se ug

Bee ey eg e pjec,  suy mus e e  s fesilt.

203
SSNIAL WORDS FOR HE TOFL

intuition n  eel or c

aq ttve yn huch
He oe rele o h intuiion rher h lz he uo
locll
Her inuiion old her h here  more o he or h he e

lack n  eed fr  uce mou

aj ckg yn hore
v. ck

Tere   orde lak o r l ll

Te mhemc  lk n commuco kll

limber aj o be reched; ely hped

yn eble
Te dcer h  lir bod
He  ble o perorm he lir moeme h re requred o
 gm

means n. 
yn mehod
He  old o h he job b  ma valble o hm
Te mo coee ma o commuc h omeoe s
b phoe.

preconception n.  opo frmed  dce hou

aq ecoceved exerece or olede o omeh
v. pecoceive yn b
I  dicul o oercome peconcepion  e re o ope o e
de
H peconceived oo bou Lo Aele dppered er he
ed he ct

robust aj. ho ood helh  ood hpe

av. robutly yn eerec
n. robustess

he rbu ecoom  execed o coue row qucly

Te e produc  ell rbusly.

20
 THE ESENTIA TOEFL VOCABULARY

swft aj. quick

av. wy sn. fst
n. wtess

Te cotestats were swi thinkers

Tey swily agreed with the coclusio o the report.

205
ESSENA WORDS FOR HE TOEFL

MTCIG

Chse he sym

I. demer . dsru
® f ® shrge
 duc  
© exs © mehds
@ s @ dsppr

2. iuo 7 us
® huh ® rde
 des  rre
© guess © uwrred
@ lss @ ieve

3. rus 8 ppy
® eerge ® eer
 ebe  epnd
© rrw © ude
@ rduus @ h

4 s 9. ese
® swit ® surd
 spus  psse
© ris © mer
@ a @ seee

5. ed 10. me rss

® rgd ® preed
 dumeed  re
© udme © euer
@ equzed @ rspr

206
 THE ESENTIAL TOEFL VCABULARY

LEON SMLTIPLE-CHOICE TET QUTION

1 El lo elesos sed e wes  wee pked p

  eev e d e ed o e eleso eee
Isde e eee e deo ad do sls wee seped
d mpled ey e pssed o e pe e w
sed  ow bem o eleos  omded   sa
moo, e k o  see oed w  oese ompod
Ts poess cmiated  e pojeo o mes o e
see
e wod cmiated  e psse s loses  men o
 poeeded
® e
© esled
@ epeed

2  smple exmple o  mea  w eeg s oeed fom

oe m o oe s demosed  e ossn o  ll o
e a. Whe e ll s ow etll fom e od s
speed d s ke eeg deeses sedl l  omes o
es momel  s es po
Te wod means  e psse s closes n me o
 despo
® meod
© eor
@ ee

3 Te Fs Conel Coess ws med o poes e Bs

Plme's iso o ei olo s Ts oess
ed e oloes o m emseles  deese o e s
I eleed   wold e abud o o ve  eul espose
o Elds los o e pot o Boso. B e me e Seod
Coel Coess oeed e Ame Reolo d
e
Te wod abud  e psse s loses  me o
 dlos
® dl
© esle
@ llos

207
ESSENTIAL WORDS FOR THE TOEFL

4  odm spo o gscs s ssll  s o

 ok o  G Fdc J    
cr H d  o  css d so o 
pps o  gscs sc s  pl s h
s d h ozol  J's ok s d l 
s  ody  s o gscs  s 
od limber ody
 od limber  h pss s coss  _ o
 
@ sd
© y
 dscpd

5 M xs      ys o h wet-

s cr  lack o    h at o
 d    jo osc o csd odwd
fod podco As  d h o o  l
f c us co sl  csd Rsc s
o  codcd o po  it d y
cs  o o d  f 
 od lack   pss s coss   o
 ss
® us
© so
 dso

6   o 1 ds s o o vs o spd oy

o podcs;  a o 1 s s o   balanced view o
pop, podcs d s Ts s sos coc
w c oh W dss sss podc s 
co o   o - o hcd ss pos
  oo o dsc podcs o obcy
Rpos   spost o dsc o pos d
 podc s
I  o  balanced view,  o s  o
  c sd sr
@ noo f d s.
©  doc's po o 
 cl sppo f 1 ds

208
 THE ESENTIA TOEFL VOCABUARY

7 A tpc c m b cd b  I m 

b cd d py dd   pp p
mdd    h d pc m fm fz
d m  iy m mp d mdt .
Ud bm  d d d gd
bd mk  easible   f d b  
pd
T d easible   p  c  m 
 bcd
® pb
© cd
@ p

8 T p m   cmp ok pc cmp

fm cc b   I  p d cp
dcd b  m md b m 
A robus ct cm  pc mp  cmp
  ccd   cmmc k, c  
my p 
 d robus   p  c  man 
 d
® nc
© 
@ cmpx

9 Kd   ly  re cucd  dvd fm

c b" d   ct-  K d U W
 md fm  pk  d   cmpd b
d  d bd      d 
pc b cpp  T mpct   d d 
swift p
T rd sw   p  c· n mnn 
 d
® mp
© b
@ pd

209
ESSENIAL WORDS FOR THE OEFL

10 Te w o ge nubes popu known s he w o

veges," is oen hough o equie h fue ouoes
bne ps ouoes Tis is  aly A hee-digi oer
numbe hs he se pobbiit o being seeed ever d
he  h i hs no been seeed   given nube o ds
does no inese his pobbiit.
he wod ay i he pssge is oses i ening o
 endoseen
® suienc
© isonepion
@ peonepion

210
 LESSON 19
• coheren • normally • sspec
• emlae • noion • ransform
• evolve • novel • rigger
• fabricae • nrue • biased
• generic • opposition • varied
• look over • relae

coherent aj e esned des h e e

av coheently esened
v cohee *skn ehe s  u
n. coheence
aj cohesive• syn 
n. cohesion•

I s  e-baned oherent esenn

Tee s  cohesive een mn he ne kes

emulate v.  mh  hee by mn

syn mm
Yun ues end  elte he hbs  de ds
Man uhs em  emlte Hemns wn stle

evolve v  g;   huh  ed  chne

n. evolution syn. dee
Te manemen ems de evolved ve  ed  o yeas
Te un's hes   d evolution  s enmy deend n
a  fee de eemens.

fabrcate v.  make up, usuy ih an nen

q. fabicted    k  e
n. fabrction syn. nen
he exeue faricted he sr bu he mee
Hs b s he ekes fbrition  he ee head

21
SSNTIAL WORDS FOR HE OEFL

generic aj re   he ru r cer 

a. geecally hs
sy eer
.Brd" s he geer erm used  descre ms h ehers
Unierses rvde sudes h he gee sks eeded  cmee
 he rkce

look over p v.  reve sme sec

sy exme
He sked hs mer  look ove hs ess
She looked ove he reserch  he brr's dbse

normally av cmmny usu

j. ral sy tc
u ralie
n. raliat
n. or

I s omlly que cd hs me  he er

he e ret ed   omalito  res beee he w
cures

notion n.  de belef or 

sy. cce
She hs he oto h she s  becme  rchec
Sme udsh otons bu he r  he sr ssem hve
bee dsrved

novel aj. sme uusu, ucmm; e

sy r
Te hscs hd sme ovel des bu rae  he seed  gh
he ovel suess ere memeed

212
 THE ESENTIAL TOEFL VOCABULARY

nutue v  supp d eue e deepme

aj ururig  sme
n urure y ue
Te e  e eyd euly u e pevnes  de 
pdue e bes pes
T s s e-    wig ea eme

opposition n e se   s  be 

aj ppsed eeme
v ppse y esse
Te sudes ed e it  e se  u
e erme ed pe s

relate v  e;  s  e beee o

aj elaed s
n. rela y mmue
n. relashp

Au ey dd  ee  e p ey dd  rle e
pps  
W s e eihi betee suppy d demd?

suspect v  k  sme s ue, bu h

aj. suspected  p
n suspc y speue
n suspect

He eced  e subsce s  pese  e mpud

I e  pici  e    ppe  e es

transform v.  e  m  ppee

n. rasfoma y. e
n. asfome

e edes pes ansfomd e uy  my pse ys.

Te sude's afi fm  D sude   "B sude s
embe.

213
ESSENTIA WORDS FOR THE TOEFL

triger v.   cus, r sr

aj rgeed syn. gr
T pssbt  bg   p   urrc gered r  
rsds  cs rs
T w  mg tgered   db bu  d fr
crsd as

ubiased adj   prcceps

syn. bjc
Hr uied ss   prbm ld r  d  su
mr rpd
Hr s uied pr  rg ss  hs cmpud

varied adj. big  mny dr tps

av vbly syn. drs
a. vable
a. vous
v va
n vn
n vet
n von
n. vibilit

T css xrssd vaed ps bu  mov.

Tr r vau s  s  prbm

214
 HE ESENTIA TOEF VOCABULRY

MTCHG

Choose he syoym

1. urure 6 rgger
 fo  hror
® ue  rsrm
© oey © eouer
@ ge @ geere

2 ohere 7 probe
® oe  expso
® orgi  mes
© og © esgo
@ robus @ buse

3 resse 8. geer
® opposo  doe
 preservto  org
© preoepo © geerl
@ oco @ mude

4. eoe 9. mm
 deeop  sure
 eude  smue
© noe © emue
@ uee @ ree

5 red 10. ubsed

® derse ® qued
 esbe  oeworhy
© hardous © exhused
@ oml @ objee

215
ESSENIAL WORDS FOR HE TOEFL

LESSON 19MULIPLE-CHOICE TEST QUESTIONS

 e cpct g ls  ecsuc bd ps s 

s c s e blt  cpese f ls ssues s s
due  e cplex   bd ps wc eques e
elbe egee cl ecss I we look over ny
e eebes  e l kgd sldes ae e
bes egees  bd pas Becuse  his ccesc,
e e e subec  uc olle F exple e e
slde s s clled becuse   qued bele  
culd wsd e
Te psl eb look over  e pssge s clses 
eg 

® exclude
 exe
© epsze
@ dscuss

 ugu sr s eclgcl pgess s bee 

esul  elel  pees d emees e
 ug j es Ogzed esec s well sued
f s d  deelpe Hwee gzed esec 
dscuge novel ppces d b cet s sel
dscees ae sll lel  be de b es  e clssc
dvdulsc d.
e wd novel  e pssge s clses  eg 

® gl
 ed
© cee
@ ubsed

216
 HE ESSENTIAL TOEFL VOCABULARY

3 Ecoos Ared Mrsh receed cc fr hs ecooc

des h ered odem d cssc ecooc heo
Csscss eeed h prce s deered  he cos o
produc oods, u he odem schoo eeed h prce s
depede o he notion o rg ut, or useuess o he
oods Mrsh's heo h prce s deered  oh cos
d ut ed wde ccepce
e ord notion  he psse s coses  en o
® nveso
 cocep
© eeceess
@ opposo

4 Td es re tigeed  ecoc dspcees Vocoes,

dsdes or erhqukes o he se oor c cuse  sudde
dspcee o he er oe s dspcee frs  s
roup o er es hv  eeh equ o he er
deph  he pon o or I deep er d es re so o
d so sh h shps sedo oce her presece Bu s he
es rech sho er he ncrese  pude, 
he poe he os csrophc o  oce es
he ord tigeed  he psse s coses  e o
® fsered
 heheed
© uded
@ eered

5 hrouhou he es, he roe o he her s o cosdered 
se: Soe houh h  s he source o he sou Ohers
houh h  s he ceer o oe, coure, hppess, d
sdess Prve hus ere o dou re o he heabe
d pro recoied h he y her, norm ou
he sze o  s, s  or hose uco coud cuse
sudde deh.
he ord nomay n he psse s coses n e o
® rouhl
 rre
© scrce
@ tically

217
EENL WRD R E EL

6 T s  on snmn in opposition to s bss

shn Mos s bss spwn bn My nd s. hch
concds h h hh o h shn sson Fshn cs
h podc cpct o h spcs dspopoony snc
 dos no dsnsh bn mls nd ms Insd 
cps boh ndscmny Ho  ks six ys on
f  m bss o bcom  hn  m
In sn h h s  on snmn in opposition to s
bss shn h ho mns h pop
 o h shn o s bss
® s  s  pose cvt
© dsk s bss
@  ns s connon

7 Gymnsc compons  jdd nd scod on boh n

ndd nd  m bss Jds d pons o ch
pcpn n ch n on  Oo0 sc 0 bn pc
h o o compy niased jdn s r dc o
ch Ahoh dns a podd jds sdom 
on h qt o  pomnc
T od nbiased n h pss s coss n mnn o
 objc
® bncd
© oc
@ sb

 Po o hhy dncd h s chnoog sondn

ocks  sd o h h nnc Sondn
ocks  nmnnd ocks h codd osphc
condons  hhs h  50-00 ms byond h ch o
ns nd boons Emuating h boon chnoog,
hs ocks sy fod  c ph s hy nsd
pp mosphc condons h h scnc nsumns
h od emuating n h pss s coss n mnn o
 pcn
® mpoin
© mmckn
@ n

218
 HE ESSENTIA TOEF VOCABULRY

9 Rlt  p ug pp Hw pp

 pl w lt I    w lk k u
l g   u  u  kwlg Tu 
coheen pu  lt qu  w kwlg 
ppa   pv
T w coheen   pg  l  g 
 lgl
® pl
© u
@ l

0 Spwig w  wg    p 

E Dbr  1924 T  u w  w
   u  l ply lg wl
Tu u  w u  lk"  lik. S l w
somed  llw  p p,   
f pl   lu
 w nsomed   pg  l i g 
 llu
® l
© w
@ 

219
 LESSON 20
• accentate • initiate • otlandish
• devise • innovative • ovecome
• disguise • narate • patially
• embedded • nevetheless • potay
• ignite • obsolete • steamline
• indiffeent • omit

accentuate v  hghlgh;  gve me mce 

aq ccud sy n emphie
. ccentution

The clul de accentuate he jy  he ccs

The sue accentuate he eeece o hd-wkg emlyees
dug he emce sl

devise v  bsm:  cme u wh  de

aj devsle syn. mule
The eghes eve  l  sely bg he c dw fm
he ee
The cess hd  eve a eely ew exeme te he s
e led

disguise v.  hde he uul eace  smehng

aj. dsgused syn. ccel
. dsguse

I s had  iuie he c h busess s slw

Evere sw hugh hs iguie

embedded adj. cluded  ud sde smehg

v. embed syn. seed
The chelgs ud  e ssl emee  he ck ce.
The sucs sy  eme he seeds e ch 

220
 HE ESENIAL TOEFL VOCABULARY

ignite v  s  f   g  l 

aj gble sm
 gtio syn kdl
T rs dcs intd  fc db n  ll cmmt
Wd s dicl  int   s dmp

indeent aj b sd   cn b

n dfeece sm
syn pc
T c ws ndrnt  sd qss  xd  pcs
ddl
T pl's ndfernc b s    fld ps  cc

initiate v.  bn;  sbls;  a dcsv

aj nied c w lp
 io syn luc
 nve

T wcms nttd  l czsp pcss

T wk sws  l  nttv.

innovative aj. smh wl dcd; ce

n ovor syn c
. ovo

Ts nnovtv pojc s wy  spp

T v b my nnovtons   fld  c .

narate v.  ll  s; l

aj ve syn l
n aive
n. ao
n. rror

T Amc c M Fm, nrratd  dcm flm

H bcd nrratv d  l  xcm

221
ESSENTIAL WORDS OR THE TOEFL

nevertheless cor.  se o 

sy oeeess
Se s que sck; vhss se eded  o e csses
Hs ojec s ed; vrhss,  o secod ze

obsolete av beg od soed; o oge  geel

n. obsoscc use
sy ouded
Some eoe beee  g sumes suc s ecs d
es,  soo be obsot
Some oducs e mucued  ned obsoscc

omit v o ee ou; o ncude

j omtte sy egec
n. omsso

Se dee omied some mo d fom e eo

Hs e d see obe omissios

outlandish aj. sge d ues; beyod cceed

v outldishly oms
sy bie
Hs oundish des demosed s cevt
Rebeous ou n m coues dess oundishl

overcome v. o dee; g w success; o ke

coo o  nddu
sy. coque
Te oug om s ovcom  emoo he se eed se
d o  scos
Te m ovca m obsces o ucse e ouse

paiy av.   o e oe; comee

v pay sy some
a. p
n. pat

Te cek s o piy resosbe  e ero.

Te busess eue s o  pa success

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 THE ESSENTIAL TOEFL VOCABULARY

portray  to epeset to ct

n porya syn. dept
e tess po  oph  the oe
Te book's porayl o Mozt s  l, tue dvdu s
ute

streamne v to updte; to ke oe eet o ose

aj. streained syn splf
he pg poess ust be mlid n ode  t to be oe
ebe
Iteret stoes he stmle the poess o mdig, buyg, d
seg ehadse.

223
ESSENIA WORDS FOR THE TOEFL

MTCHG

Choose he snoy

1. kinde 6 ee
 iniie  esoe
® ignie ® ecod
© pesude © nare
@ oecoe @ bance

2. indieen 7. neetheess
 dissiil  noneheess
® ouandish ® abei
© diese © hough
@ pheic @ pesub

3 seine 8. rue
 rans  concea
® sipif ® deigh
© oce © eign
@ nvge @ deise

4. ebed 9. ephsize
® oi  ccenue
® deise ® conque
© inse © suspec
@ eue @ seec

5. obsoee 10 pot

 ouded  eme
® cuen ® depic
© oied © pss
@ opposed @ buse

224
 THE ESENTIAL TOEFL VOCABULARY

ESSON 20MLTIPLE-CHOICE TEST QUSTIONS

1 I 1982  s   h C g

g  x  st gn  h  
ghs Embedded  hs Ch  Rghs  Fs s
   h Cs Y P  h
v gss h  w  ss ws h gh
 wh   lghs
T w embedded n h ssg s ss  ng 
 s
 si
© 
@ ss

2 Ahgh h ss s  s p u h zs

 Kss s h sggs h h    
 Ms  h g s h  h gs
wh k n Wh s sh hss. T
s gs  ss  h s  
    s  y s s h
hws w h  s s
T w pa n h ssg s ss  g 
 swh
 y
© hss
@ sy

3. B g  sw swws s s

oecome h   jg h sh sw wn h
h. O  g hs    x 
 sww h sw . B h 
 xhs  sw swwg h h  fh
n B sng  hsns h h hr 
 s  , x  x  h
 gs s ss
h w oecome  h ssg s ss  g 
 sgs
® q
© 
@ 
225
ESSENTIAL WORDS FOR THE TOEFL

4 Su R s  p Acn-ec jzz ps d

bdede  e 1930s Hv  e  be cee e
dessed s bd  pupe bzes he es d ppee
bees e bd deeped n e kes nd e e
e csues d ssp ge ee e outlndish. e
uscsp ee s un excele d Su R
deeped   seus expeee fs jzz w Ac
usc, dce d cbcs
Te d outlndish  e psse s cses  e 
 pspeus
® bze
© ea
@ edc

5 Mdem descps  e ues e  s cses

excee bu e s omit  expc ccu   e
spekes cpeece  s nue b ue  c e
cs   speke  Es Jpese, bc  Cese
Rece sudes  ue e eeed  e esec s
eeded i de  uy descbe nusc cpeece
e d omit  e psse s cses  e 
 p
® cbue
© eec
@ ee

6  e sps eque ece d pce pyes I scce

 expe fbcks sppes seepes d dedes e
e jb  pee e pps e  dc er 
Ges e espsbe o sppn e b d keepn e
ppes  scn B cps e cee od s
 tae the inititive seze e b e  d e ed keep
  d e  d n e eey ed ze.
I s  e cee od s  tke the inititive, e
u es  e cee d's espsbt s 
 p   ese 
® ssue  suppe e
© ec  pps es
@   es  sce

226
 THE ESENTIAL TOEFL VOCABULARY

7 A disguise s o usd o c  sng o usg

chac T sk s  tp o dsgus h s sll usd  h
21s cur dug s occsos. Msks  b ouldsh
hdous o supcll hobl Fsvl sks  cooly
usd dug Hllow d Md Gs o  squd­
hd ghgs
T wod disguise  h pssg s closs  g o
 lusvss
® cod
© osso
@ cocl

8 T lgh co d  o lkls v oousl Boh

 sho jok d  dvu-lld oc qung svl
hous o nrte c b chcid s lkls Folkls 
b s   hcl ps  hsoc s o  h ps
Sollg s  bsc hu d T lkls v 
chologcl culus  sog
T wod nate  h pssg s closs  g o
 l
® dc
© lbo
@ o

9 J Swmd ws  bologs who sudd lel w

ogss, bu  g dl H plod hghl innotie
chqus such s jcg wx o h cculo ss o
hold h blood vssls . H so dsscd fgl sucus
ud w o vod dsog h
T wod innovtie  h pssg s closs  g o
 itrcate
® bsud
© cospcuous
@ v

227
ESSENTIAL WORDS FOR THE TOEFL

10 Cocs bte mpoys d mpoys s h h

ok wi do h h mpoy sks I ur  mpoy
pys h ok  , hich h ok c us o puchs
goods d svics md by oh oks ho h lso
d io  ou ioship ih oh mpoy
A coopi spii ad  dsi f muu b accentuate
hhy mpoy-mpoy ioships.
T od accentuate i h pssg is coss i mnig o
 pomo
® dmi
© mphsiz
@ fi

28
 LESSON 21
• afent • philanthopic • rn into
• decline • placid • scenic
• otbst • plentiul • shallow
• patisan • popensity • shelteed
• patten • eaction • vanishing
• phenomena • hythm

afuent aj. rch n mne r mens rserus

 aluece yn welh
He s n fm n fuent mly bu he wrked hrd nd ws ble 
end cllege
Te fuent surer hd  buldng naed n her hnr

declne v  me fm gd  bd, r fm much 

n. declie lle;  reuse
yn decrese
e ld mn's helh hs decid snce he rered
Serus cmmuncble dseses re n he dcli n ms prs  the
wrld

outburst n.  sudden nd nense relese  smehng

yn erun
Te jke cused n outbut  lugher fm he udence
Tere ws n outburst  cmlns fm he sudens when he
echer mved he es  Mnd

pais aj srongly supprng  grou r n  ew

yn bsed
Parn lcl nghing hs cused  declne in he ecenc
 Cngress
Hs ews releced hs prn bs.

229
ESSENIAL WORDS FOR THE OEFL

pattern n  gul pd g o cio

aj paeed sn i
v paer

T ig atn o  oc u discs is pdos

T  sdiu s attned f  old diiol llps

phenomena n ul s o cs sg o

av pheomeal obl ppigs
aj pheomea sn s
n. pheomeo

Ri sos  aos unow henmena i  c Ds

o Cil
T usicis henmenal poc s ppludd y  cics

philanthropic aj  elig o lo  popl, usully

n phahops sulig i mcil id o oy
n phiahopy cuss
sn. uii
T hlanhopi ok o  udio s ll scos o socit
His hlanthop is cogizd oud  old

placid aj. qui; o sil ups

av. pacdy sn cl
 lacd u o  psolit d  sy o ok ih
T s od lacdl od so

plentiful aj. o  suci

av pety sn ud
n pe

Epls o Mio's   lentjL

A lcd di olly povds lenty o  cssr iis

propensity n.  is od ci igs o cios

sn dcy
H s  ensy o pocsi
S s  rpensty  ig xly idly o cos.

230
 HE ESSENIAL TOEFL VOCABULARY

reaction .  pl;  cg  occs w

av evel sbscs  mxd
aj eive sn spos
v e
aj eio

W clo d o  xed,  ccl eactin css

clo gs
 eacted o  po b kg so swi cgs 
g.

rhyhm n  gl p, sll  sc

av. rhythmcay syn pls
aj hhm

T hthm o  a g  oo p  o slp

S ocd  hthmc bg o   s  o o
u d

run into ph. v. o co o coc w sog

o soo
sn co
S an nto  old oo   o
T dscd d rowl vodd ring n h .

scenic aj cocg pls l sodgs

av seill sn pcsq
n. see
n see

T scenc o o  s s c o sg  

ss o.
 scener  l Jp s pss

shaow aj. o  o op o boo

av shlowl sn. spfcl
n. showess

Ess  tpcll shallow bods o w.

 sls o  sc dosd  shallowess o 
ypohss

231
ESSENTIA WORDS FOR THE TOEFL

sheltered aj poeced fom nul eleme;

. shele oled om elt
n shelter syn. poeced
Se  led  shetered le, e pe v doe eer
 e
Eeoe looked  shelter fom e blz u

vanishing aj. o ou o 

v. vash syn. dppe
Te ed quel   shg pece  eed  poeced b
o ue
No oe kow w cet w cued e dou o ih fom
e ce o e ea.

232
 THE ESENTIAL TOEFL VOCABULARY

MTCWNG

Coose e synonm

1. pcuesque 6 popenst
 scenc  modcum
® cm ® endenc
© ounds © spec
@ ele @ nuon

2 pasn 7 econ
 peed  llocon
® bie ® nesgon
© bundn © esponse
@ bsed @ mes

3. eupon 8. c
 dsguse  ele
® oubus ® sued
© omsson © nuen
@ decese @ uen

4. dsppe 9. poeced
 v  penf
® vns ® penomen
© ejec © seeed
@ bce @ pssbe

5. sow 0 hm

® sw ® puse
® subsnl ® per
© pcd © uncon
@ supec @ noon

233
ESSENTIAL WORDS FOR THE TOEFL

LESSON 21MULTIPLE-CHOICE TEST QUESTIONS

1 U      w r  Ck

B'  - w  pu
  m  Cmm g  t
  B  1970 w  
 m   ing    
g     V j  
in       vm mg t
   
 w pu   g    mg 
® ing
 
© g
@ ing

2. T  mly  w in eb  g 

    mg  x   m.
I e       m w 
      O  f    
 m    f in . Ti   
m   sd    k  w  t
T w sd   g    mg 
® 
 
© 
@ 

3 Aw Cag   , ppc

f mg hm   f t g 
  T i th Cag U Kgm 
h Ewm f It P  t Cag
Ft o  m  ing, w w
 i 1905    f g 
 w ppc  h g   in mig 
® 
 
© m
@ 

234
 THE ESSENTIAL TOEFL VOCABULARY

4 e old o mgc compses  wde nge o henomena, om

e ce l beles d pcces o elgos ssems o
cs o cojg d sleg o d  eeme Mgc s
 socl d culul peomeo d  ll plces d  l
peods o so  rng degees o mpoce
e od phenomena  e pssge s closes n meg o
® moos
 pes
© execos
@ occeces

5 A peso's eed  od s deemed b ge d b ege

egs d egs ddl cvt leels e lso used o
deeme e leel o de cloe cosmpo Fo empl
 decrease  ecommeded dl coe cosmpo 
cesg ge s cosse i e ko edco 
mebolsm  occs  gg d   oml decese
 pscl cvt
e od decrease  e pssge s closes  meng o
® declne
 blce
© essce
@ deelopme

6 Lquds   e mo o cd e co Fo emple

e cos elel lle cd, hle ega cos  lge
qut Acdc coe s deemed b dppg lmus ppe
o  lqud s ppe s sued   colo obned
fom pls clled lces Te colon reacts to e pesece
o cd b g dee sdes o ed-e bgess o e
sde c be mesued o  scle clled  pH scle
I sig  e colo reacts to e pesece o cd  e
lqd e uo mens  
® combes cemclly  e cd
 dsppes o dssoles n e lqud
© cses e lqd o lose s edess.
@ elzes e cd no  bse

235
ESSENTIA WORDS FOR THE TOEFL

7 Gs e ng sende ped s wh  ng, -sudded

jw nd  ug, med skn e e  pme s 
nb placid es wes  e Wese Hemspee Becuse
 e gy scu nd ceu nue  e gs swm
bdde  uncns s  ung Ts mes e g be  suve
n ge numbes n e Eegdes  e sue Uned Ses
e wd placid n e pssge s cses i menng 
 sed
® peced
© cm
@ seeed

8 In e umn bd deen xns pduce deen reactions.

In  e uppe espr c b ned fmdede
gs s pd eesbe becuse s sn s nhn ends e
n subsdes In cns, e espnse pduced b sc
dus s eesbe becuse nce e scc ndues e omed
e emn n e ung
e wd reactions n e pssge s cses n meang 
 espnses
® nns
© nluences
@ vess

9 Muc  e wd's unque ege s endngeed b pun

e dnce  umn seemens cncs e he use  nd
nd esuces nd e pbems us, mny cunes e
setng sde scenic nul es s pd s pssbe. Te
endenc  mny gemens s been  esbs s mny
pks s pssbe befe nu ennmens e eed b
umn ces
e wd scenic n e pssge s cses n menng 
 cued
® dn
© degu
@ pcuesque

236
 THE ESSENTIAL TOEFL VOCABULARY

0 A u cn" rue  deed o eure h ocl 1 o

do o vs fo cbe 1 oer I requre cbe em
o cn  oc brodc che wh  cer ae o her
rter Te w w ruck dow  985, houh y
pec o h ce re  be rgued.
Te word vs i he pe  coe  e o
 rdue
® p
© dpper
@ eude

237
 LESSON 22
• accot • he • practical
• alleviate • infu • predominant
• archaic • intricate • prompt
• bring abot • magnitde • provoke
• enlighten • oblige
• hasten • overlook

account n  e   eve e ke   bnk

aj. accouable  see  seh sed  eeved,
v. accou sll  l e
. accouing
 accouat syn sy
Hs ccou  he de ved  h  he he wesses
We eed  anting  al he e h s se

alleviate v  ke seh less sevee;  pve

syn lesse
Ts ede alleviates lleg sms
Rel ed hs bee shw  alleviate sess

archaic adj. ver ld ldshed  le sed

syn e
hese achai ehds   s be bh -de
Hs seeh s fll  archai exesss

bring about ph. v se sehi  he

syn. eee
Te ive  he ell he brought abt  ed  he lt
 dl elehes
he el eleed esde  he lb sed  bring abt sve
hes.

238
 H SN OF VOCULR

enlighten v o gie omo o desdg o

n eligheme someoe
aj egheed
yn suc
Books oe enlihten edes o dee ws o kig
he speke enlihtened e dece o ow o scceed  coege

hasten v o cse o go se; moe wd moe

aj hsy qckly
a. hst
n hsess yn cceee

Ae otg e dve's am o e ccde e oce hastened
o dd  e so d o bee 
Yo sod o mke mpo decsos hty

hue n. coo
yn coo
e he o e sse ws bef.
Te hu o e oom ge   wm eeg

infux n  sdde cese

yn iow
Ec od seso, e compy expeeces  nflu o csomes
Tee ws  nflu o Weser ece i eser As

intricate adj g my ps; ne deed

av. rcey yn. compex
n. rcy

Te ntrcate desg o e se mde   be pece  e

coeco
I co beg o desd l o e ntrcac o moder
omobe moos

239
ESSENIA WODS FOR HE TOEFL

magnitude n  g sz  mpac

 mgicy * cs
aj mgc
 mgif sy dms
 mgicio•

T mntde  shck s dms h dmg h ccus

dug  hquk
T v  h lph s  miet chm 
mkd

oblige v  h  d smhng

v oblgngy sy qu
j obgg
j obgor
 obgo

Sh l blied  chs hm s h lb p

Pym  h sud civt  s bliaor.

overlook v.  g  glc

aj ovookd sy dsgd
Scss mus  velk a spc  xpml pcdu
T velked  sd hs sc  h s.

practical aj c  cv

 . pccy sy ucil
a. pcicb
 pcict

H mbus pl s  r pta.

Spc l  dsn pls s  prtl  hs im

predominant aj. h ms cbl  pfl lm

v pdomiy sy. pncpl
n pdomne
n pdomc

T predomnt ep  h Mddl Es s polum

My cs   Suhws  predomnatly Hspc

240
 THE ESSENTIA TOEF VOCABULRY

rompt v. o cuse soeh o hppe do quck;

v prompty be o me
 prompness
syn induce
Hs eoo pe pmd he dieco o ge hi  secod chce
Pomtss s  aued  i he poesso wold

provoke v. o cuse o poduce ete behvo

. provocaon o esu
a. provocave
syn. e
Te isio o speed ces prvkd  r espose fo
he pubc
Te e dd o debeey pvke the ue mo
hs wokes.

241
ESSENTIAL WORDS FOR THE TOEFL

MTCHING

Chse he sym

1. cae 6 pvoke
® ucal ® ble
 cmplex  hehe
© pedma © dsead
 dae @ tie

2. dsead 7 sze
® vecme ® allca
 dspese  magnude
© decle © expad
 velk  adve

3 dle 8 cl
® aed ® hue
 udaed  pa
© acve © fce
@ sc @ sceer

4. achac 9. eque
® pleul ® suve
 ace  duce
© placd © ble
 absud @ elqush

5 bi abu 10. accu

® eeae ® cuec
 hehe  pll
© hase © bak
 e @ sr

242
  L OL VOULRY

ESSON 22MIPLE-CHOICE TEST QUESTIONS

1 Ses As ce hs m hemes Te ms

predomnant  hese hve bee  e d  hsy
I e he m iees ws   c dce b 
he e d eses  he Bddh d he Hd ds
I  hsy he ees ws  he ceebed hees 
he s Ts heme eed l e he e emes hd
vshed d he memes  he r d we eded
Te wd predomnant  he sse s cses  me 

® c
 cve
© chc
@ veed

 Te exeiece  he mec e seed cs

cs d de mes. Cveis wee dsregarded d
cem o eec d cu ss shed. Bze
wse d he ext   esces bded
he edmi si ws  e whe he  ws d
Fe hsy cdes ma ccs  me wh ceed
emes d cqed e weh whi  sh me
Te wd dsregarded  he sse s cses  me 

® hseed
 deed
© veed
@ dced

 F eis ess he Eps csdeed Cs M he

ms m cse  he sk M Eg emes
wee ed s h  he s  se  Ss he sh
eched he e  I he Eg ced, he s
practcal ced ceed he dve  Ss  he m
sk beoe sse med he ben 9 he  d
 he Ne
Te wd practical i he sse s cses i me 

® fc
 cce
© sdd
@ ceesi

243
ESSENTIA WORDS FOR THE TOEFL

4. Aples e exese cll le Te e sed 

dsbe elze  eseed es ld d  cl oes
es. M ce wes se plaes  seed elze sp
pescdes d ee  hasten cp pe b spy
mes fm e a.
Te wd hasten  e psse s clses  me 
® ee
 eble
© cl
@ ccelee

5. Te deelpme  e d CD ws  mpeme e e

cel ecds d pe ecdes  pevs decdes. Te
CD ceed less bckd se d ws me dble sce
 meccl s  c e sce  e dsc we 
s pled. Hwee  ws e dl e  msc  spked
 u  ew le  e msc dsr. Te ese w
wc e c pdce msc  me, cpled w e pwe
 e Iee s ebled m me mscs  pbls
e wk.
Te wd u  e psse s clses  me 
® w
 ecess
© cmple
@ e

6. Scess e sll seek  account for e sdde ppece

 pecsel peed ccles   elds  e h 
Eld. Kw s cp ccles e ge  sze fm w 
et mees  dmee Te ccl emec pe s 
epled b e w e  ws pled;  s e leed
ppece esl epled b wee cds. Te mes
w wk e ld e s msied s eere else b ese
se peme.
I s h scess e seek  account for cp ccles
e  mes  e e  
® mese em n mees.
 descbe e emer.
© epl w cses em.
@ w em   elds.

24
 THE ESENTIAL TOEFL VOCABULARY

7 ee uds m be vegee  epdue Vegee uds

pdue eg gw ul e g pess induces
e m  es Exl  s espsle  e
om   epduve ud ves u ges  he
ume  dlg us s  mm sgl  my pls
e d induces  e pssge s lses  meng 
 lges
® pmps
© evlves
@ ees

8 Sme ledes  e H ped  C exeed emus

pessue  e smpl d sddz  rg
Te esul s  e egr  sp lled lel sp
Te acc sel sp s e eed  ml les I
s ls dped  e smll sels  ve ee used s
sgues m e H ped  e pese ese smll
ed smps e pese  dumes lees ks d
pngs sgf ee usp  esp.
Te d acc n e pssge s lses  meg 
 qued
® duble
© e
@ pesse

9 ee e sx geel lsses  mp smls: sie lgess

d dkess de exue, spe d l e mxue
 ese vsul vles" ees e ve  s ud 
mps F exmple hue s used  u plg mps  s
deees  ld use Dee sdes m e used  de
nm suh s ges  elev  ppul dest
e d hue  e pssge s lses  meg 
 l
® dm
© e
@ eleme

245
ESSENTIA WORDS FOR THE TOEFL

10 Seep s  tce fm o e esing se I s obseved in

ms  e gy deeoped evous sysems We ey
seep, ei erous sysems s o ce modes  ep
the body d allevate my pyscl nd me mes
Tese ce modes e o ess uced a ce modes.
Te wod allevate  e pssge s coses  meg o
 ece
® coey
© pooke
@ esse

246
 LESSON 23
• allusion • peiodic • eluctantly
• analogous • pone • enow
• compel • pophetic • evive
• compile • popotions • teeming
• fomidable • eadily
• intrsive • eliably

allusion n  quoon o menion, oen o nohe

pesons ok
v. ue syn eeence
J K Roln oen alludes o Geek nd Romn myholog n he
chce nmes
She alluded o he Lhunn hee n he uoboph

anlogous aj. lke n some 

n anog syn smlr o
Te con o lh es s analgus o he con o sound es
he analoy beeen he beho o he bce n he lb nd n he
humn bod s no cle

compel v o mke somehn hppen b necesst

av. compelny o fce
dj. compein syn obled
Te epesenies ee cpelled o oe n o o he leslon
despe he pesonl opposion o 
Te lwes ple s mde n  comelli mnne

compile v. o collec
n compton syn. ssemble
Te lm club sked ech o s membes o cmle  ls o hs o her
aoe moves
he book s  cmilatin o Shkespee's pls.

247
ESSENTIAL WORDS FOR THE TOEFL

formidable aj dcu; csg   er

av fomdaby syn erhemg
Te fmdable ppes ge  sg  ekess
Te ms ce eched fmdably hughu he ha

intrusive aj he se  beg sde he 

av nusvey desred  be hee b hes
v trde syn oyg
. s
n nrde

he intive bce cused hs cd  se

Te intion  he hzdus gs mde  dcu  ve  he huse

periodic adj. ccug  specc, deemned peds

aj. pedca  me
av pedcay syn egu
Pedi pmes mus be mde  hme s
Sme pepe eed eodc dses  medce

prone aj. ke  d smehng

syn ced 
Ms quds e rne  cc he ze
She s rne  sud hrd he gh bee he ess

prophetic aj cectl eg bu fue ees

av ppheicay syn pedce
v pphesy
 pphecy
n pphe

Hs phetc pes ee vesged b  em  pschgss

he b sude ued hs eches rphecy h he ud be 
successf dc

proportions n. he eshp  sze  mpce he

av ppaly cmpred  he bjec  pes
aj ppa syn diess
aj. ppae
av ppaey

Te ga  esbshg  spce s w ke  em e  m

ptns.
Te p's s s ptnal  h  ps  the es.

248
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readly dv  

aj. red syn 
v red
n redess

T ok diy copd bou  od   c

 dinss o coop   po co   io

reliably adv n  ud 

aj rebe syn dpdb
aj rei
v rey
n rebilit
n reliae

A ppnc u po  tk lby o b popul ith cous

S poo o  l d   ibiity

reluctantly a u
aj. reucan syn 
n reucce

Aou o cop d i  cotc, t oc

rutnty d o  
T cc  uctnt o   co o  p ok.

renow n. 
aj. reowed syn pomc
T coo  o  nown
T nownd coduco d  u ppc   cocr

revive v. o o o  o b bck no o

n. revi syn 
aj. revied

 ud vivd  od do o   oco dc

Od p  o vivd b ppy od po o
 co

teeming djo b f o on; codd

v. eem syn. ovow
 pod tmed ih ou     o
He e  teemig i covicig gu

249
SSNIAL WORDS FOR THE TOEFL

MTCHG

Chse he snnm

1. nusve 6. eemng
 ncve ® cpeng
 ntce  pecpng
© pedcve © gupng
@ nnoing @ velng

2. bged 7 hesng
® dsed ® eucny
® dependbe  ed
© cmpeed © cmpeng
@ seed @ pcc

3. ssembe 8 usn
® cmpe ® eeence
 cceee  ccun
© cmpe © negn
@ ene @ summa

4. rmdbe 9. egu
® pedcve ® une
® vehemng ® cu
© fncn © pedc
@ pcc @ gdu

5. sm  10. enwn

® unke ® dmnn
 ngus  pphec
© chc © pmnence
@ pne @ psn

250
 HE ESSENTIA TOEF VOCABULRY

ESSON 23MULIPLE-CHOICE TEST QUESTIONS

1 N  gow o s ocs o s I mos

scs   o   c  l n y co
 s o  k's coss sco Mos o  o  oo
cs   O o xm cs os  go  
c o sso   As  s  o o  o
v oo cs css s  i o  e css
 o    ss s coss  m o
 oc
® 
© om
@ o

2 Lss  os   mo fco  cos s

T m cs   s u ss shps o
zs o so s T   s mot
m m  o o m c coos
Fo m sm as sc s ss c c
oco   h c o  s T s o os
ms  oss o c m s cs   ms
 o d   ss s coss  m o
 
® c
© 
@ occso

3 T cosuco o  S c S s 

 o  proportions. Cosc   e
 G s   c sbo   oos
sc 1535 ocks    1800s  C cm
oo  1901 o h  S c R B s
o s s o  o  o  mor ss.
C   U Ss cosuc   s,
c cm oo  1959
T o proportions   ss s coss  m o
 ms
® o
© msos
@ s

251
ESSENTIAL WORDS FOR THE TOEFL

4 n Euen fke eds e c bengs  ke

ses e gc nd prophetic es Te e usc nd
sng ug e nged e e  nd e n sus
Aug sees knd, eds e gene dngeus
 n Te gs e tc bug sfune, nd, 
ended, e e cused lds  e dsses  see ne
n  ge s n en  seck
e d prophetic n e ssge s cses n enng 
 fdbe
® nuse
© edce
@ enwed

5 In Wese cuues e bsence   f demn 

esnsbes s duced a bguus ad en cnlcng
se  execns f ung ee  e se e, ung
ee e prone  exeence ee essue e e d 
bee ue, he beng dened ccess  e gs nd
eges  dus
e d prone n e ssge s cses n enng 
 bged
® sned
© cuned
@ ncned

6 Ang e ge cess  e d, e Pde

Oces snds u o see esns One s e e
qut  s uscns ug  s esecy renowed for
s n es Ane s e cess us ecdngs
 nneeen-cenur usc ncudng e nne snes
 Ludg n Beeen  d s e ces's ny
nen cnce us F exe  s e s US
ces  vs Cn
n syng  s ces s esec renowed for s
vnss, e u ens  
 s n unusu vn secn
® s us f e i es.
© s de    ecdngs
@ ps e nss e ne

252
 THE ESSENTIAL TOEFL VOCABULARY

7 Te d  sces  cs   ce cs e epdce

s  ce eless ps Te ce  dsis
ee  pes d he evegees s cde aogou  e
es  e ps
e d ogou  e psse s cses i me 
 ppe
® cs
© specve
@ sm

8 Ms pscs pcpe  ci edct  keep p

 e mssve m  m e dscveed ec e
 e eds M ses eqe  pscs perodic
pve  e ve cve pcped  ci medc
edc  de  mn e cec  pcce
medcne
e d peiodicy  e psse s cses n me 
 m
® pa
© pesse
@ e

9 Pece ppes e e e, e deced cc ppes  e
Ids  ese N Amec Te fced s syms
 ce d ee ceem smked o ppses  ndi
 eew ces Pece ppes ed s mc symbc
mpce   s   smk e ppe  es
compeled evere pese  e ued i edsp.
e d compeled  e psse s cses  me 
 ed
® seeed
© sed
@ depede

253
ESSENTIAL WORDS FOR THE TOEFL

10 T Spsh coquos tmp o pc Ac mc

wh h ow Wh Ac mc pson ss h 
kl  Spsh mc irded o Ac cuu Ho
som ms o Spsh mc  compb wh h 
mc pccs  bcm pa o   f ssm. Mxc
 mc hv,  h  my go cs
T o rded  h pss s coss  m o
® c
 mpo
© mphsz
@ mpos

25
 LESSON 24
• aodable • edioce • scatteed
• containated • negligible • somewhat
• discenible • aallel • ste o
• fouishing • potent • tedious
• insucient • eciocate
• aintain • earkable

aordable aj. ble o be doe, usull eeig o

v aodaby someg ou cn do ou dmge o
v afd loss
sy ecoomcl
Te e dcoa s que frdble
He could frd e ouse becuse o cue lo ees es

contaminated q o mke someng mpue b ddg

v. conamnae someg dt o  posoous subsce
n. contamnaion sy pollue
Ths cotmited e suppl mus be closed o o he publc
Bce d secs e requel ges o fod contmitio

discernible a oceble; esly see

av dscerbly sy deecble
v dscer
n dscerment

A eelg o nxet s discerible mog he membes o he em

Te e sude s uble o discer e umo o e ece's
joke.

fourishing d cve d gog; el

v oush sy. vng
Smll jowishig compes ould be med b n cese  e
mnmum ge
A oug md ll fourh w e pope gudnce.

255
ESSENIAL WORDS OR THE TOEFL

insucient aq no enou; unssfcory

syn ndeque
He d nsfcnt mes o bud s consucion pojec.
A sm beks s usuy nsujcnt o e  ood s o e dy

maintain v o suppo; o keep n ood condon

 maeance syn peseve
Te buldn d o be enoed becuse  s no e antand
Pope antnanc o  c's enne w peseve s peomnce
nd ue

mediocre aj o ee qut; no ood o bd

 medocrit syn ee
Ths s  dicr esec epo
Te mdocrty o s ok s dspponn

negligible ad ady nocebe; sccey deecbe

av egigbl v o noe; o e e enon
aj egeced syn insgcn
aj. egecfu
aj. egige
 egec
. egigece
v. egec

Te moun o bce n e cuue s nglbl

Hs nglnc cused m o ose  o e ok e d done on
e compue

parallel aq. ben mos o e sme tpe o me;

v. parae compbe
syn sm
Thee ee mny parallls beeen s e nd mne
He bckound parallls mne

potent aj. ey son

syn poeu
He e  potnt speec  e conenon
Te enom o e co snke s exemey potent.

256
 THE ESENTIAL TOEFL VOCABULARY

reciprocate v o e somehn o epess  een

 er
syn espod
e he ed he ca she ciocatd by byn hm ch
He s ei pole d I ciprocat by shown hm he sme poeess

remarkable aj wohy o meo; commo

av rarkably syn ecepo
he eo o he do ws  makabl cheeme
Te co ws makably cm befe hs peomce

scattered aj sped o o seped wdey

v scattr syn dspesed
Hce Adew e debs scatted hogho Mm
he cowd scatted whe  be o  hey

somewhat aj  e

syn sh
Tey ee smwhat ed e he me 
Byg fod   coeece soe c be smwhat expesve

stem fom ph. v o emee o deeop om someh

syn oe
Te ho's e  w stmsfom hs oe o ed books
My oppoes he stmmd.fom hs decso o ed he
est

tedious aj. o d 

av. tosly syn moooos
n. tedium
he tdius ece boed mos o he dece.
Some peope become used by he tdium o dy 

257
SSNTIA WORDS FOR THE TOEFL

MTCWNG

Choose he syoym

1. dsceble 6 sml
® ecepol ® pophec
® deecble  subsl
© sold © pllel
@ eglge @ ed

2. ege 7. suce
® mple ® deque
 ppoxme  sscor
© slgh © cue
@ medoce @ bysml

3. oge 8. eglgble
® sem fom ® ecepol
 pesee  ce
© m © nsgc
@ dspese @ sceed

4 poe 9. hvng
® poweul ® oushng
 elble  shng
© m © polluig
@ duble @ soudg

5. odble 10. moooous

® emkble ® mbguous
 mdble  hadous
© ecoomcl © pospeous
@ popotol @ edous

258
 THE ESSENTIA TOEFL VCABULARY

LSSON 24MLIPLE-CHOIC TST QUSTIONS

1 Te Ceatsurus,  eus  e caus isus ou

s ossis  Le Jussc cks  N Aec ws s
  pss cse ee  e Allosurus Ceratsurus
ee up  2 s s su s somewhat se h
Allosurus. I   sce   s su    
pes  e e  s ck  fu ce es he
 ee
Te  somewhat i e psse s cses i ei 
® pe
 uque
© s
@ pecu

2 Te cues  Sci ee nuece  e spi 

pee pee uu Eupe u e eee
ceur u se ess ce gcuue  es
Ds es ee se se i us e es
ecuse  pc escs A e e  e nieee
ceur ee hese pc esicis essee,  e
cuue iust reciprocated  eep s ces
 i ecques.
Te  reciprocated  e psse s cses  e 
® epee
 eue
© se
@ espe

3 uiss   Be's Ie Hb eu Te

Ine Hb s u i  e  s ce  contaminated
iusl p Ts e uee p eepme i e
1980s I s   ese y  -si ses e
es u peces vi s cke sps 
ces f e  inki
Te  contaminated i e psse s cses i ei 
® esee
 pue
© deus
@ usi

259
ESSENIA WORDS FOR HE TOEFL

4 he Nhwes ees e Cds s spse seed

e Ms seees css    ew hded pepe
Ab whds  Cd's I Ess e hee scttered
hgh he Acc sec Ms Epes wh e n hs
e e  he Mceze Ve
he wd scttered  he pssge s cses  eg 
® aed
 sheeed
© gzed
@ dsbed

5 Pscs e  s gp  shec es whse suces

ae bsed  he ches  cb Te e s ced
pymes becse he e de  exee g chs 
cab s A p chcesc  pscs s h
he c be edl ded  shed pdcs b he
ppc  he As  shed pdc e  s wew
ppees cdes remrkale essce  he
he wd remrkble  he pssge s cses  eng 
® pedc
 pp
© excep
@ pcc

6 Exese we sge s c   css  s ced

as he css icdes sheep d ce b he css
ebe bes kw f sg we s he ce hee e w
tpes  ce, he sge-hped ded d he dbe­
hped Bcan ce fd  he dr seppes  ce As
whee hee s insucient we o he s  sve
g-e. he bt  hese s  se we es he
he de bess  bde  g es css he dese
he wd insfcient  he pssge s cses  eg 
® ndeqe
 bs
© edec
@ sc

260
 THE ESSENTIA TOEF VCABULARY

7 As cp sss pv dss  p  csg

pt  s scs  i   g pc
As dbss c  d  d  ss  
pc ds w c  p Uss  d
    dscen   in cg  
ds s
 d dscer   pssg s css  g 
 
® cc
© d
@ cssf

8 T  1970s d 1980s  s  ds skscp

csuc s s od   cs  pcd
cc pgss, sc s Ds Hs d  
 s Ud Ss d s Hg Kg Bg d
Sgp g N Ys  pc d s 
cp   dg  medoce skscps s cig
M  dsgsd ps  ddd   sks
 d cs
 d medoce   pssg s css  g 
 vg
® d
© c
@ cpr

9  dss  h d e dsd   p  paallel s

yg ppxm 25 dgs  d s   q
O s  d's gs ds s d   N
Hsp T S d s dss g c 
 d p   Mdd Es  cd  g-pss
gs dc lcd  ga cc   sp.
T d paallel   pssg s css  g 
 pp
® c
© d
@ s

261
ESSENTIAL WORDS FOR THE TOEFL

10    h Alc sm s tc  l sm T yu

fsh  h sms  h  d sd  h d
w  h cd ss Wh he  sxy mu hy
  hi hm sms. I y summ, s umbs 
fsh c b bsrd  h u usm Pon v cus
d sw ds  suc  s h slm's juy I
s  kw hw h fsh d h h  sysm d h
scfc s ss bu sch dcs h h fsh ss 
chmc cd scc  h hm sa
 wd pon  h ss s css  m 
 d
® wu
© sg
@ quc

262
 LESSON 25
• briefy • implsively • sitated
• circlate • inreqently • sbseqently
• consistently • isolated • nmistakable
• exhibit • overtly • pstanding
• oud • proondly
• improperly • sharply

briefy dv. sh usuy n me

aj bef sy cncsey
 bevit

The vsng pess spke brefy  he cut meeing

S ecpses e bre mmens hen he Eh nd Mn css he
Suns fed psn n he s sysem

circulate v  cuse  mve ng  ed ph;

aj ulaor mve eey
 culaon sy. dsbue
The nes  he pesden's vs crculted qucky hughu he ct
A d b emns in crcult o ppxmey ne nd  h
yes.

consistently adv. wihu chagng; keeping he sme

aj. onssen pncpes des,  qut
v onss sy. dependby
. onsseny

The empeue mus be mnned csstetly  75° cengde.

The pcy  he gvermen cncerng unempymen hs been
consitet

exibit v  sh  demnse

n exbi sy dspy
n exbon
n. exbio

The cmpund exhbts he ques  n cd.

I s he bes exhbt  len h I hve eve seen.

263
SSNIAL WORDS FOR H TOEFL

ound v. o esbsh s p

n undaton• * phhopc ogio
n under
syn esbsh
he eah oma oun  hosp  he homeo
he ounaton med  mbe o phahopc cves

impopery av o fowg esbshed ues; o

aj mproper desbe
n improprety syn ppope
Te dsppog ocome s  es o  moly pepaed
pe dsh
hee s  imrity th he  he ds ee spe

impulsivey av cg who hkg

aj. mpulsve syn cpcos
n mpulse
n. mpulsiveness

She eced mpulsvly o he od ose

Ma shoppes b ems o muls

infequenty av mos ee

aj. infequen syn ae
n. nrequency

ordoes occ nfequntly  he eser p o he Ued Ses

Deses e chceed b he equnt l

isoated aj o keep seped om ohes

v solate syn. secded
n solaton

he e o he commnctos ssem e he ows solatd

Te docos ee be o solat he cse o he epdemc

ovety av    ce see o doe secey

aj overt syn ope
He ovtly dsegded he egos
He ovt emp o ake coto o he dscsso ed.

264
 THE ESENTIA TOEF VOCABULRY

ud av   deep  n deep klede

aj pof   ubjec
 poy sy cl
Eee  rfundly mpeed b e e ep
Te Nbel Pe   rfound ec  ud ceeme

sharply av  evt  quck k

a shrp   quck ce n dec
v. shpen sy quckly
n. shpness
C pce e shply e e p e
ee   sh cne  e umdt e e m

sitated  be ud   ce plce

 so• * cue cd
v sie
sy lced
Te e w  Cncu  situted  e er p  e
Yuc peul
Te oud emele   e dcul situtio

sbseqently av oll cm e me

aj sbseqet sy ewd
e publc ppluded e pede' c nd subsequently 
  e pll mped
 ep nd ll subsequent ep mu be e  e
pppe tle

umistakable aj clel ble  be deemed

aj. mstkbly sy dpuble
e mk  e ec pded  n umistkable deic
 e pece
I  umistkbly clea  e ep mu be ned b 

pstanding aj. mked b ne; d, e

. pstnngness syn. ml
Te cl l ccep ustdin u dul
e egbd  bee kep cle d beufl k  
ustdig ede.

265
ESSENTIA WORDS FOR HE TOEFL

MTCHG

Coose te syoym

1. cosstet 6 ebted
 depedby  dspyed
® sgctly ® uded
© edy © octed
@ dgety @ ghgted

2 cpcousy 7 oety
 mpusey  etey
® poudy ® ope
© euctaty © eel
@ sccey @ ctuy

3 mo 8 ppoptey
 dget ® dsppovgy
® outstadg ® ppoxmtey
© geec © mpopel
@ upstdig @ uteto

4 ccuted 9 secuded
 speed ® stuted
® dstbuted ® soted
© mted © estbsed
@ ecced @ sfed

5. be 10. dsputby

 arey  seeey
® eby ® equet
© cocse © sgnct
@ seeey @ umstkby

26
 THE ESSENTIAL TOEFL VOCABULARY

LESSON 25MILE-CHOCE EST QUSTONS

1 T c S  Lt  situated  N Y 

  m    E I S 302  
c      m   c  
   I  f    b cm bt
   J 4 1776 A     c
    c     m 
 ' c
  situated i    c i m 
 
® x
© 
@ c

2 I  · m g c  m m 

  m  c    k I
  m g z  m c 
h S M      Er   cc
m  c A  c    
c   mm    pooud c
 
  poouy     c  m 
 q
® c
© nm
@ c

3 W    v   m  cmmc

e      cmm,   c
  c T  c      
  A  c   say c mm 
c  c  .   w c cmmnt
   m        
     cm  c
  saly     c  m 
 
® 
© m
@ m
267
ESEI WD F E EFL

4 Cedwd s   s ess d dbe d eve

e  mkes cc  s  mse  s  mp
mbe sed n csuc  es ee  s od, b s
inreqently sed eseee M vees  e s ced
e pp me ees  N Amec espec 
e Pcc nd G css
Te wd infeqently  e psse s cses  me 
 e
® be
© seecve
@ c

5  17 e Js Hpks Uvest s ouded  Bme

s e s U s  cpe e Gemn de
 vest edc ce  me de edc
s becme n mpn spec  m ss Ode
veses sc s Hrd nd Ye d ewe es sc
s d d Cc ae embced e ms  dvced
e cdced   sp  eedm d m
e d onded  e psse s cses n men 
 eeced
® dssed
© ccied
@ esbsed

 Rece sdes  pscg ve exped e ess h

sme pcses e mde on implse e es e ve 
sc m  oe Oe nd s  sppes
e me ke  mpsve b ces  de s 
sess  by  mpse s s eed  sppes
des b emseves nd  e se-mes" Usef
bjecs sc s de s ee sppes ess pes
 ems  ece e ppence
 dscss pcses mde on impse, e  s
ee  pcses  sppes mke
 e we l e pses d mses
®   mme's ce d  
©  bqes e  depme
ses
@  e e ees  pepe d em.

268
  SSL EFL VULY

7 T Advtes of Hucklbr Fn y Mk wn c 

d o   O  uc,    cuqu
o  c youg Huck    du  
 do  M R   uy  md
Jm O o     oc  o  co
o cio Hucky  com  udy o u'
dc;  v k oct  omm o
omm mcou d y impulsive.
 od impulsive   g  co  mag o
 ud
® g
© ccou
@ oc

8 Bcu o N Zd' oco,   o g m

   cou   Mo d   o c
o zd:  gcko d  u,   h  xc
r  f 00000000 y T  o  
m c o og d wo c o    
g ody u  cond o ouyg d d isolated
 o  cou
 od isolated   g  co  mg o
 cudd
® gg
© ocd
@ uky

9  Amc n ak Duck   mo

luc o o mc  o  go I 1870, 
 o Muc o udy  h Roy cdmy   d 
be cqunc w Wm M . Duck  
dm o h m o Gu Cou, u  Muc ok
o o o   d md h mu uok
d  k  cug xo o  Duc o
 H
T od be n  g  co  mnng o
 g
® lng
© supc
@ 

269
ESSENTIA WORDS OR THE TOEFL

10 A dc oologue s  speec o log duo de by 

cce o  secod peso. I fco  eo oologue
s  tpe o oologue  exibits e ougs eelgs, nd
ssocos pssig hroug  cce's d
Te wod exibits  e pssge s closes  eag o
® clrfes
 exmnes
© dsplys
@ swes

270
 LESSON 26
• bolish • rtifin • spn
• chotic • lnch • spontaeous
• controversil • leitimte • strem
• exemplif • lethrg • strikin
• ctor in • prticlr
• lter • rdiat irLanguage.com

abolish v o p  ed o somehg

syn eme
M ses he aoihd he se o cel phoes he dvg
Acss he bee empg o aoli m esg  decdes

chaotic adj beg  compee dsode d cofso

n. chos syn dsogied
Te ac  Seo s oe ctc
Tee s compee chs he he od chmpos ed  he
po

controversial adj. csng dsgeeme o gme

av. controversilly syn dse
n. controversy

Te goeo mde  cnovesl decso o se ues.

Te cnrovesy s csed b he popos o bld  po n
he e

exemplif v. o ge  exmpe

w. exempa syn. symboie
Te ece dow  he hosg ndsr exemplies he poo
ecoomc codos
He eml cdemc cheeme s epesee o mos
sdes  hs nsto

271
ESSENTIA WORDS FOR THE TOEFL

ctor in h v  ccu o sethg he kg 

decs  ass
sy. csde
Te my hd  actor n he pce  gse s hey ped he
d p
Te chec dd  ctor n he equed dsce  he sdek
 hs desg

alter v.  hese  e

sy eke
I 2008, he Ued Ses ecy beg  lter dcl
He ltered ude pee pessue d geed  dce th the g

grtifing d. gg pesue   eeg 

a graeuy ccpshe shwg hks
aj graeu sy ssfg
v. graif
 graao
 graeuess

Sudyg bd c be  e: rtj expeece

She s rteful   he k he hd de o he.

lunch v.  cuse sehg  begi

 auh sy. te
. auchng

Te cpy lched  e pg  c e ces

Te lch  the s Sve Sptnk ceed ccer g
he Aec pubc

legitimte aj. esbe; 

av. egtmaey sy uthec
 legmay

he egee hd  legtte es  chgg he desg 

he budg
he leitmcy  he hey hs ye  be deeed

272
 HE ESSENTIAL TOEFL VOCABULARY

letharg n.  c o eeg o commme; z

j ethg dee
 ehagy yn sushess
he hooaus bsk i he su dsed mos o lethy
We  s me o do homeo ssmes mn sudes become
lethrgc

particular d  cer  o h; uusu; hrd o

 paray* ese
*esecy
yn secc
he spee hs  ptclr  o esud hs udece
Some cusomes e ptclly dcu o ssf

radiant dj sed ou   decos, esec

v dtly he o h
n dce yn. blh
n dtio
n. do

he cos radnt sme cved he udece

he adince o he re eveed he ehes om eer
he house

span v. he eh o me o dsce om oe

n spa m o he ohe; o coss
yn cove
e od m's e pnned two ceues
he pn o he bde s hree mes

spontaneous dj unned ucooed

a. spoeousy yn scve
n. spoaety

Te pontneo combuso nsde he cde cees he oe o

he moo
Te cod eced pontneously o he de.

273
ESSENTIA WORDS FOR THE TOEFL

strea n.  t o o soth;  poi ot

v. stea syn l
T s  ostt stam o oto o fo th
Wt os
t stamed fo th d s oks ttptd to k th
ps

strikng aj. d sp ttto to

av. stgly syn. kb
Hs sti poposa sd th opn fo bkpty
Tt s  stgly ov t tht th spk dd

274
 THE ESENTIA TOEF VOCABULRY

MTCIG

Choose he snom

1 gg 6 syoze
 sponneous  de
® hvng ® exempi
© ssfng © spn
@ nogous @ snhesze

2. dsoged 7. egme
 dsuped  peu
® ho ® uhen
© nsne © shap
@ dsere @ susequen

3 o n 8. bosh
 ompe  emne
® oee ® le
© onss © nux
@ onsde @ lude

4 unh 9 e
 ne  undesoe
® soe ® spo
© compe © ween
@ stem @ whdw

5 ehg 10. dn

 sponneous  oeed
® nogous ® gh
© suggsh © poen
@ onsenous @ edous

275
ESSENIA WORDS FOR THE TOEFL

LESSON 26MLTIPLE-CHOICE TEST QUESTIONS

1 n  commncons nd comp ds sc n opc

swcn s mod b  nd o nsm d streas
 consn  spds mo cny A  sm m
csoms dmnd nsmsson nd swc s  
n cn b podd b  p conc ssm D o
dopmns n smcondco ss nd  b opcs
nsmsson   spds s no possb
 od streas n  pss s coss n mnn o
® os
 pcs
© s
@ pcs

2 A striking mp o  sccss mnc con s

Sznd  Fnc Gmn ad n spks om
ds os ops v nd ok n mony nd pospt
nc dst n Sznd pps o  smd 
n ddd  Swss popon. Sds o condons n
Sznd dmons  mon cn coxs  dst
n cn ccscs e sd
T od striking n  pss s coss n mnn o
® sponnos
 ccsc
© m
@ mkb

3. In on o  mos nnl books on dcon  n

Em Ross d  soct sod poc cdn rom
 cop n o cvzon nd cos n 
n, spontneous mpss ch n Rosss mnd 
s l H  mnnd   s mpon o
od pm nclion o moon so   cd's
nc cod dop o dsoon
T od spontneous n  pss s coss n man o
® coc
 gfng
© nsnc
@ nnupd
276
 THE ESENTIAL TOEFL VOCABULARY

4 Te e be  ui  paricula need s knn s

e e sppy Wen e need s dmesc nds 
c e e ms  b qy nd qnt
eqemens We sppes cn be cqed by seea tpes
 e esces pjecs sc s dms esers  es
e d paricula n e psse s cses n menn 
 ccl
® cmmn
 
@ specc

5 Jsep Hydn s ndbedy e ms pc   sympny

es; s ks spanned  s been ced e Csscl
E He s ms ceebed  kn e esbsed oms  e
sympny nd spn em n e oce med  msc
expessn  nvenn nd expemenn ese ee
ecnzed s nnns by cmpses  ed
e d spanned n e psse s cses n menn 
 exemped
® ceed
 nced
© nepeed

6 Egpmn,  em  e eneed nees n Egpn ce

 k pce n Epe n e ey 1800s s nsped by
Npen's Egpn Cmpn. Dn s e,  specl nees
se o mmmes In c mmmy nppn pes ee
 pp psme mn en pepe Unl ey ee e
abolished, ese pes n c e mmmes ee nwpped
o enenmen ed  e descn  n nclcbe
nmbe  ncen Egpn mmmes
e d abolished n he psse s cses n menn 
 ekened
® emned
 fnded
@ essened

277
ESSENTIA WORDS FOR THE TOEFL

7 n no s n ened em  hen pessed no sofened

a podes n me n ee s  se s one sed
s  mens o deni legitimate ees nd domens e
s envn o d sones exsed s e s bo 4000 c.
n Mesopom b e ste o tp ngos h ee
sly moned on ns s deeoped b e nen Gees
e od legitimate n e psse s oses n me o
 nom
® en
© obs
@ see

8 In e e 1920s nd e 1930s e n nds s
qe chaotic. I s domned b e nmbes o nen
one-opeos e nds s onsdeed o be nsbe
nd n need o eon e Non Inds Reoer  o
1933 bo oee o onzed ops o n os
o deeop sndds o  ompeon. s on ed o e
mon o e Amen Tkn ssoons.
e od chaotic n e psse s oses n menn o
 dsonzed
® nodne
© mdbe
@ mposn

9 Snpoe s e ony non osde o mnnd Cn nd

wn ee e mjot o e popon s e Cnese
Is ue exemplifes s Cnese ee oped 
os dese  nenes Is Bs oon
ee nd Cnese, Hnd nd Msm snes ee
e  dest nd n s neon sen
e od exemplifes n e psse s oses n menn o
 smbozes
® des
© sees
@ es

278
 THE ESSENTIAL TOEFL VOCABULARY

0 e e o ope oce beoe excusvey o e Euopes

Success Aec ope seee o be come o Gesw's
Porgy r1d Bess  ohe obscue opec oks Moe ece
e ope o s esse ot  successu opec
oks by Aecs I o, e ope copes 
s ope oups ve bee esbse Tese eveopes
e pacul ging o ose o vo b  oe
Aec vo o e ope se.
e o ging  e psse s coses  e o
 popec
® ekbe
© bze
@ ssf

279
 LESSON 27
• aptly • modeate • supposedly
• demonstation • motivate • sustained
• deviate • odd • synthesis
• ingedients • pouse • tangible
• involuntaily • efection
• marel • succinct

aptly dv hvng  eec o o soehg ke

aj ap sy ppope
n apness

I ws a ply e eak

Eooa pobes ae p o age peso eoshps

demonstration n.  show o exhb

av. demonstaby *oey showg eoo
v demonsrae
aj demonsrave* sy. sp
aj demonsrable

Te demsio ce he poceue  eeroe

I he ee see he pocas so demsraive o he eegs

devate v. o beak w fo wh s oa o

ege
n. deviaion sy. e
She devied fo he tpca su ph  gue ea
He ejos deviing o he   whe he goes hlg

ingredients n. higs cobe o ke soehg;

he coes o soehg
sy. eees
he iediet o he pouc e kep sece
Goo ste pucuo, d gam ae he po igedies o
 goo ess.

280
 THE ESENTIA TOEF VOCABULR

nvoluntaily av   g   ch

aj or n ca
H invlunail d 
Rxs a invlunay cs  xa 

marel n. hg h spss  ps

av maosy n d
aj mvos

T G Wa  Ch s   h d' ml

T h  meou    g-gh in h pk

modeate adj.   ch   ;

av mody * dc
v mod•
n modo n d
Sh d h b  h deae dacg bt
T Bdy py  mdeael ccssf

motivate v  pvd  s  pp  dg

n moo shg
aj motied sn cg
Gd ivae  d  d   h d
T spa g  tvainal spch h spid y 
h dc

odd aj. s

av. oddly n g
n. oddy

I s odd  d  ps h spas  aggs.

T  c s  odit b  h s    w

pofuse adj.  b r gs,  in xc

n. pofusess n. bda
av posy

T cpy pgzd prfel  h dcs   pdc

Sh dsd h pofe ps  h ch

281
SSNTIA WORDS FOR TH TOEFL

refection n  pe  elee hw bk

aj efeced n ge
v reec

H brgh mle   fcton  h 

 de    peeve mehg vll lgh  be r.et
fm he bje' re

succinct aj h d  he p

av succinc n e
Se he hd lle me  pek he blg de he pee
succ.
he l ge   ie he bk pl  uccnct 
pble

supposedly av. dg  ep  he

aj supposed del beleved  eped
v suppose n pembl
n supposion

Te e tn e upodly ble  eh peed  150 mle pe
hr
Te kbke uotin  h he e wll pve

sustained a g     eg

v susin g
aj. susenance
n e
Sutan ll  he l hpe he hae o ele f he
dgh
Lkl, he tee dd  ustan  dge  he k 
he l

synthesis n. he xg  epe hg  r 

av snhecly hle;
aj sntheic* * de by e
v. snhesize
n b
Te lgge  Ppe   nth  Dh d ve Id
lgge  C
Vm e nthtca pded

282
 THE ESSENTIAL TOEFL VOCABULARY

tagible aj. real; that which can be lt

av agbly syn. concrete
n. agblit

Te work o a teacher seldom produces tanile results until years

afer a student has graduated
Te solution to this problem can be tangil demonstrated.

283
ESSENTIA WORDS FOR THE TOEFL

MTCHING

Choose he som

I. mrvel 6 olur
® rde ® reque
 chos  substl
© woder © uomtc
@ combo @ mmesurble

2 dspl 7. elemes
® dsperse ® redes
 decle  mesuremes
© dsuse © mrks
@ demosrto @ sps

3 succc 8 moe
® odd ® rel
 modere  sole
© stre © susa
@ cocse @ ecoure

4. pproprel 9 refeco
® supposedl ® me
 ply  shess
© bl © sold
@ durbl @ gess

5. modere 10. nble

® susied ® rm
 medum  cosse
© shrp © cocree
@ perodc @ edous

284
 THE ESENTIAL TOEFL VOCABULARY

ESSON 7MLLE-COCE ES QUESONS

1 T l p    p  b

bv    H,  p p,   
f   V Fp,  f  i   m
 p W  l    ,  p
 pp b  p uoc      b 
   A ,  g p 
A i  l   V Fyp  b  
f  p
T  uoc   pg    g 

 pr
® i
© a
@ p

2 I   , p   bg  

plp   G P  pp 
   bt,     p   
A   k  ,  X
w l   pg  p 
xd   sness  pp   
      Gk .
T  snhess   pg    g 

 g
® bl
© p
@ b

285
ESSENTIA WORDS FOR THE TOEFL

3 Apgss w sud u mu ed  ous

 s e e  e suv   set Cu
sees  pesee d s  spes   uue A set
ues s uue ug guge e eps 
 ber e pe ad est e ebedded 
 guges ee s  u uue  s deiated 
e deepe  e exess  ese s
e wd devated  e pssge s ses  eng 
® dspesed
 deed
© ed
@ eded

4 Bsed  e sps ed des lguss beee 

e M spke  guge se eed  de Ne
Ae gups Dung e ss ped e M s d
sustained  w ws d des  eu
 e Me e ges d s pwef se  e e
ee s  p   ques bu e M ebed se
eg dees sybs d stes  ig  e gups
Te wd sustained  e pssge s ses  eng 
® gbe
 csse
© dee
@ esube

5 he Oeg  owed e Sweewe Re weswd 

e vt  Cspe  Su Pss Idepedee k 
ge   e  bk  he e e  ese,
ws  sg  dk Te e ws supposedly
ed b Gee W Ase  1823 beuse s we
sed swee  s ppes.
e wd supposedly  e pssge s ses  eg 
® pesub
 dd
© p
@ pedb

286
 THE ESSENTIA TOEF VOCABULRY

6  46000 ss s  T s  s  bjc
 bu I s 853   93    61  
As   s  s p med  Ttacin
c Gk g  s u  uvs u
Zus   c   t T s s
w:  c  2200 sss  cs
  cb  Nu  sk   14 1912
I s   Tt s p med  u s
h
®  s's c s cl 
     sss  b
©  s's  T, s 
@   c cs f Gk s

7 T    s UFO si  sr s uk 

 c  suc ss s sct  u scu
T b   UFO  b   s 
bk s ss   U Ss  1896-1897
I 1946   Sc  sc sis 
"s cks oddk "cks    s N
 s  s b ssc x
  odd   ss s css   
® s
 
© u
@ us

8   c s  mae    cx sucu W

x   csc,  s  c  ls
cc ct O     s k  cus
 b ssz   us  s  n
cuss  syss    100  cus 
sc I 10 us   c    ss 
 bz bc c s b ssz.
  me   ss s css   
® 
 
© c
@ sss

287
ESSENIAL WORDS FOR THE TOEFL

9 I e 1 790s  et  gcuu mce ws deeped

  me  efce seed d d bee desged bu s
equed demonstrations  e 1830s  cvce aes  s
lue A ew esg mcnes wee  use beoe 1800 d
gdu cesed  pput Hwee  e 1830s m
bes  Egd ebeed becuse e mces depived em
 we empme
Te wd demonstrations  e pssge s cses  meg 
® uss
 ccus
© dsps
@ pecceps

10 Te xge supp  e E's mspee s  esu 

psyess b gee ps. Ps eque  e esse
ingredients  psess  bud e l cmpuds d
sucues. We s equed becuse ce egeme s  esu
 er we pessue eedg e ws Ts es wh
 peds  dug, ps ed  e sme ees
Te wd ingredients  e pssge s cses  meng 
® ccescs
 ps
© bscs
@ eemes

288
 LESSON 28
• aggravating • deplete • tranqility
• amsement • fnite • trite
• conceivably • perceive • ndeniably
• convert • secrity • uderestimated
• crative • singlar
• debilitating • toxic

aggravating d mkg ose oyng

n gvton syn ttg
v gvte

Te arvtin e s use b o eps

Te shotge o ok agrvtd the ss  the sml to

amusement n somethg tht hos teest  s

av musny ejobe
aj usn syn eso
v muse

e stee i musemnt s he tie to ove hs re to e

hm $50
Hs musin ommet me eecoe ugh

conceivably dv esb; beeb

aj. concevbe syn possb
v conceve

he ou concivbly ea st pe wth the see pojet

It s concivb tht hums  te to stt pets oe .

convert v. to hge om oe m o stte to

ad. convertible othe
n. converson syn. te
Whe boe, qus convrt to gses.
Te convrsion fom Fhehet to etge  be es me

289
ESSENTIA WRDS FR THE TOEFL

crative dj bg b o so o goo coo

n cue syn hlg
Th cuatve pops o c ps h b w ocm
Th s o smp cur f h s o soct

debilitating d wkg

v debae syn wkng
n debt

Th ck o nsm svgs hs  deblttng c o h

coom
Th p's deblty m hs mobt

deplete v o s p; c gy

aj depeed syn cosm
n depeo

Sh depleted  o h svgs o b h w bcc

Th depletin o h Ehs o ss poss  h o o cu
w o 

fnite dj. o  c mo; hg  ; o

i
syn m
Th   fnte mb o xpnos f h s ss.
Is h  fie mb o ss n h s?

perceive v o ss; bcom w o

av percepiby syn. obs
aj perceable
aj percepve
av. percepvely
n percepon

W peceve mjo cs bw he wo poc ps

Poposs  r peceptve mmmas.

secuity n h g o om om g ob,

av securey o wo
aj secure syn st
v. secure

H ss o secuty cs s h gs mpo

W secued  o h oos o h b bf vg

290
 TH SENTIA TOFL VCABUARY

sngular ad. h o o o s d od

syn uqu
 ptpus s  sngular p o  l h s ggs
H scc x s  sngular succss!

toxc  hu cpb o bg 

n toxcity syn posoous
Dspos o txc ss s  ogog vol ssu
s poduc hs h hghs oxcty o y ow o scc

tanqulty n. c quss

av traqully syn pcuss
aj. traqul
v traqulize

 trnqulty o h   sus spd  pofud ss o

-bng
Hs trnqul n o psso d us   o scu

tite  ovusd o ckg oig; coopc

syn cche
H ds h psso  s  dd" o b qu trte
Sh s o vod usg trite ps d vocbur  h iig

undenably v. c u

aj. denabl syn bsou
O  h ps  ou so ss h Eah s undenably h
os coducv o suppog 
I s undenable h h hs s, bu h ds o sho o iv

underestmated aj. gussd o h h cul qui

v. uderestiate syn. msccud
T underestmated dd f cs d h h g p
b f h  poc.
 su underestmated h cos o h  uu

291
ESSENTIAL WORDS FOR THE TOEFL

MTCHING

Choos h soym

1. cra 6 sgar
 hag  q
® grag ® sod
© oxc © aaab
@ cocab @ rs

2. md 7 cocab
 ssad  absoe
® amp ® ap
© n © possb
@ approxma @ raqu

3. amsem 8. alr
 pacfss  ssa
® dmosrao ® ach
© drso © ser
@ mar @ coer

4. secrt 9 dped
 powr  raed
® sat ® cosmd
© rap © pod
@ cr @ dad

5. dbag 10. prc

 covcg  d
® rmdab ® mscacae
© accrag © obsr
@ wakeing @ esma

92
 HE ESENTIA TOEF VOCABULARY

ESSON 28MLTIPE-CHOICE TEST QUESTIONS

1 Less hn one pecen o  fegh cgo s ced b  mos
beng caed b suce mehods Neeheess, hs cuous c
sgncnl udeestimates he mponce o  fegh In
ems o ue o cgo ced  nspo s gee hn 
ohe modes B he e 1990s okos N Apo nd Ne
Yo's John F Kenned Apo ee hdng n excess o one
mon ons o cgo pe e.
Te od uderestimates n he pssge s coses n menng o
 undesnds
® ssesses
© hghghs
@ msccues

2 Mge Med  e-non cuu nhopoogs s

ssoced wh he Amecn Museum o Nu Hsor i
Ne Yo Ct fom 1926 un he deh In he 1980s he
o i pcu he mous sud o Smo, becme 
subjec o conoes He ccs eged h he bee i he
pedomne nuence o cuue n shpng pesont ed he o
msed evdence nd oegeneze He deendes endosed he
udeiably een obseons
he od udeniably n he pssge s coses n menng o
 bsoue
® nconsseny
© pesumb
@ unexpeced

293
ESSENIA WORDS FOR THE OEFL

3 Wh m    h A s big    s

sh  ," hs  ss s s i I,  
 s, s  g s  s s I s
is  m  gss, hh   i bbbs
wh h   hg i mk  hs ms  m
s   h sss s   Ts hs b s 
 h hs  h m  Eh's s 
h   hm is  h vm
h    h ssg s ss i mig 
 m
® mbgs
© he
@ m

4 Wg W s  Chis , ,  sh  h g
st H  bhi bh  sg b   
   s igs hs gs
        qu  m
Bhsm  m H s y  ih
oig h Shr Sh  Chs s g
T  aqul i h ssg s ss  mg 
 fss
® msm
© m
 st

5. T bm    hs b kg 

  r s h US Cgss ss
   1988 h hs i  m hb  
mig b 1991 s  1988, 65 s g  s
brig c s  s b 1994 h gt  h 
ms mis bb  m b  nb,
mig  x   1977  h m h sm
hb
T  c i h ssg s ss i mg 
 ii
® bg
© pss
@ dspsd

294
 THE ESSENTI TOEF VOCBULARY

6 Beoe Alede Fle de hs e dscer he hd

ee sd lsze, a ene fd  es h pees
ec Hwee he wned  md  ssce wh crative
powers. seh h wld eep ce  w ad
lpl lehe B ccde, he tced  ld w 
e  hs lr dshes h hd ths eec I ed  
e pecll, e  he s wdel sed bcs d
I st h Flen wned  md  ssace wh crative
powers, he h es h he ws lk o  edce
h wld
® ele  pe's epse  es
 c dsese-cs ce
© cl  pe's d epee
@ cese  pe's leel  nec

7 S-clled pphec des  ce Mddle Ese cles

wee e sed  help he sc I clsscl Geece, l peple
ce  de  specl eples whee pess nd pesesses
dvsed he  he des crative ees  sl
pcce kw s de c s w  he exsed 
he ce cles  Bl ad Egp.
The wd cuative  he psse s clses n en 
® cecte
 ele
© hel
@ ple

8 Chc e sde s  dsde chceied   les

s hs  debilitating e h es uptl d s
sll ccped  ld ee, se th, ede scles,
j p, hedche, sleep dsdes, cs, er lss,
d vs ples Oce csdeed  ed he hn
 specc phscl cd, chc e syde es
cesl
The wd debilitating  he psse s clses  e 
® wee
 dspe
© le
@ pesse

295
ESSENIAL WORDS FOR HE TOEFL

9 Freors ae rne ors h nhb r ropcl ers

he produce n aggravating sngng senson  ouched
One prculr speces H cacut, und n he corl rees
o he Crbben Se hs  bod coered wh me he brtle
brstles h ebed heseles n hun skn  ouched
Te ord aggravating n he pssge s closes n enng o
 dsrupe
® nnong
© rrng
@ rdble

10 Scenss he red o nd   o ke hurrcnes less

dngerous b nlzng her coponen prs nd neurg
he A hurrcne conns huge qunes o supercooled er
nd sier odde. Seedng he hurrcne could conceivably
produce soe chnges n sor behvor Arcrf seedng
exerens he obned soe nor, shor-led chnges
resulng n decresed nd speeds r  e hours
Te ord conceivably n he pssge s closes n enng o
 presubl
® conssently
© possbl
@ nocebl

296
 LESSON 2
• acknowledge • condensed • stable
• acquire • contradictory • unravel
• adage • disregard • vague
• assimilate • precious • vast
• assortment • prominent
• caliber • requisite

acknowledge v. o ko rmmbr d ccp h

n. acnowedgmen xsc o somhg
aj ackowledged sy rcogn
T rm kowd h c h hr hd b  msk 
h dsg o h hous
T promoto h rcd as  knowldm o hs cl ork

acquire v. o gi or com o possss

aj. acqustive sy ob
n acquson

H cuie o buu pgs durg hs s o p

h ocs mos rc cquso s   phoocopr

adage n.  rdo syg

sy. prorb
Tr s  od a h ss So d sd s h rc"
Or h rs, h uhor's sygs bcm popur as 
hs ow

assimilate v. o bcom  pr o

n. assmlaon sy icorpore
T Ud Ss o Amrc hs ssmlt pop fom  prs
o h ord
Assmlo o   cuur vrom c b dcu.

297
ESSENTIAL WORDS FOR THE TOEFL

assortment n  et
aj. assored syn seecon
You e n ssomen o eece couses om c o coose
He oug  o o ssoed ooks  e ook 

caliber n. e sn o: e egee o gooness

syn qut
e g clbe o e ok eae e  se n p
On ps o e ges clbe cn e use o mke eps on
he spcec

condensed d me sme soene mege

v ondense syn. summze
s s  condensed eson o e ognl esec epo
 o condense e o cpes no one

contradictory d no geeng  e cs o peous

v. onradc semens me on e sujec ece
n ontradction wong
syn nconssen
I s contadcoy o s  ou kno Fenc e suing  f
on ee mons
Te exe conadced mse ung s pesenon

disregard v. o py no enon

n. disregard syn gnoe
e dsegded e no pkng sgns n ee ckee  e poce
Hs dsegd o e  nsucons cuse m o mke mny eos

precious aj. vng muc moner o senmen

lue; beuu
syn cese
Ts goen ng s m mos prcius possesson.
e pecous sone s one o  kn

298
 THE ESENTIA TOEF VOCABULRY

pominent aj mus; hvn  hh pstn

av promety sy enwned
n proiece

Te tent f ctn  depsts mde them prmie ests n

the cptn
e ned pomiece thuh hs teevsn ppences

requisite aj needed f  specc pupse

v requre * oml equest
n. requree
n requsto• sy demnded
v requso•

Hee s the st  equisie cuses f the mste's deee n bg

Te pject tem mde  equisitio f  new set  eeence bks

stable aj. expeencn ew  n chnes nt mvn

av staby sy stedy
n. stabty

Be sue the dde s sble befe cmbi t

Mst pepe beeve tht mntnn ecnmc sbiliy s n mptnt
  evey verment

unavel v. t ae; mke ce

n uraveg sy septe
Te detectve ws nt be t uvel the mystey  the mssn
mney
Te uvelin  the Svet Unn tk pce n the spn   ew
mnths

vague aj nt ce buus

av. vaguely s y. unce
n. vagueess

She hs ny vaue memes  he chdhd

Te vaueess  hs dectns cused us t et st.

299
ESSENTIAL WORDS FOR THE TOEFL

vast aj. ver much; vei age

av. vastly syn. huge
I have oced a vat mpoveme  you Eglsh vocabular.
Unouaey, he wae quat has deeoaed vatly sce my las
vs hee.

300
 THE ESENTIAL TOEFL VOCABULARY

MTCHNG

Choose he soym

1. clbe 6 sed
 olume  sble
® mvel ® pecous
© qult © sple
@ cclm @ ble

2 oe 7 codesed
 dsed  summazed
® sepae ® emphsized
© deplee © leimzed
@ wihsad @ coomed

3. ckowleded 8 ssmile
 exeed  lluse
® ecogzed ® copoe
© exemplfed © nesie
@ cceued @ sole

4. ssome 9. eow
 sseio  eco
® selecio ® s
© per © pome
@ ede @ equse

5 obai 10. codco

 cque ® mbuous
® uel ® equse
© elqush © cosse
@ pecee @ dseaded

301
ESSENTIAL WRDS FR THE TOEFL

LSSON 29MULIPLE-CHOIC TST QUSTIONS

1 B e ed  1998 e ere's Wd Wde Web d

becme s cmmpce  e pbc cscsess  ee
ecc ds ee like  ackowledge v ed
 e Ne d he Web" Cmpes ge d sm be
cd  ebse ddess  e deis Feme
e eecmmcs ms be e e csmes
ere ccess seces
e d ackowledge  e psse s cses  me 
® de
 emembe
© ccede
@ ces

2 dy e S Pcc Meess cmpeed e

requisite desuc  e  bjecs ce e ceem
ppses ee ceed P  e sc d cded
e eed  des d e ecee a bjecs s tsc 
sc eeds se As  es  s bev, e Mees
sc di exsed se s  sc ccep  e md
 e s  e ked w mdes  pes ks
e d requisite  e psse s cses  me 
® eqed
 eed
© ec
@ elibe

3 Nce mles  e peds e ee bd   se 

sc bs  mde e ce m sbde  e
ses  e e my Ts eeded m ssem be 
uravel w e de  e Idsl Re Asps
o ee pes feedm nd c ecmc cds
pdced  s meme d me depede ce
mes.
e d uravel  e psse s cses  me 
® m
 cdese
© ssme
@ sepe

302
 THE ESSENTIAL TOEFL VOCABULARY

4 I 1941 Pesde Fk D Rsee ded he F

Feedms I s  s  bs hm ghs: eedm 
speeh d exess feedm  shp feedm fm 
d eedm m e Le  he sme e hese ee
ped  he A Che  Bsh d Ame
seme  gs   pee d Sme edes ied
he F Feedms o beg  vague  seve s  gde 
pude sesmshp
e d vague  he pssge s ses  meg 
 dr
® pme
 spe
@ e

 he ees-kn hded pe b 2500 es d,

s dseed  e   mb  Pa Sbe Rgs ee
ls mde  Pes ppme 200 es e dg he
eg  Cys hse mb s eed wh precious pes
B he seeh er, g mkg s  hgh deeped
 n Pes d Tke
he d precious  he pssge s ses  meg 
 e
® mves
 e
@ sdg

6 A b de s   se  e es d hi

mbes gs  he ed d  m pds d
hs eec de s  prominently isplaye; he
 s s ked  smehee  he bksde  he
pkgg. he dgs  he de de he me d pe 
he pdc; me mp he hep mehs m
the sk b sbg eh phse fm he se's
er.
I sg h b des e  prominently dsplaye, he
h mes th he
 ce ms  he pkgg
®  be sed b  mpe
© e nsbe  the ed ee
@ m be smeh d  d

303
N  F  F

7 Sss  h h um    h s hs

 hgd dm dug h s  hudd m
s Ts us s d fm vd idig h 
is  h s h   d  h s
H   dds h s h  sd
 um du  g ig, hugh sm sss
disegad hs d d mi h g mg s 
  phm
T d disregad  h pssg s ss  mg 
® g
 d
© dspu
@ cc

8 T dym gwh  mmus oks  1995

sp  h sh ld hs d h sbshm
 h u r"  h   hs dpm s pu­
dm nm Rsdig  dbss dsud dd
 gng p  hs vast su s  ss ms
mmd hugh h I
h d vast  h pssg s ss i mg 
® ds
 hug
© xs
@ 

9 Dsu ss s pdus  ps  h hs ud

   us. Sm suh s dpm
ss  d assotments  gds Oh dsu hs
spz g sp tps  mhds suh s je
 qupm   pps Dsu ss
h m  phm T ha spd 
Ws Eup L Am us d Jp
T d assortments  h pssg s ss  mg 
® musms
 ps
© pps
@ ss

304
 THE ESSENTIAL TOEFL VOCABULARY

10 e mj ess f esbsng  wde euge are  acque

pec o  gup  ms  ve becme sgc
educed  umbe d  suby mpve the b s 
amals w beed ad us. Oe esrcs  pbs
are pced  devepme ug rppg espssg, 
sig
Te wd acqure n e pssge s cses i meg 
 b
® edse
© eceve
@ ccess
 LESSON 30
• chaisma • sevee • wdespead
• ceve • spoadic • wsdom
• convince • stumble upon • itticism
• endue • supeio • oo
• ofeit • trncate
• pecaious • anton

charsma n  spel ult h endears her

aj chasmatic peple  he persn wh hs hs qult
syn ppel
She hs charsma h n her ndde pssesses
Jhn F Kenned ws knwn or hs charimatc persnlt

clever aj. nellgen resureul

av cevey syn sue
n ceveress

Everne ppreed her cever de

Hs cleverness enbled hm  rse ukly n he rgnin

convince v  mke smene see hngs ur w

av. convncngy syn. persude
aj convncng

The uld n convnce he grls  g  he dne wh hem.
The vde mde  convncng argumen fr he relng  pper nd
plsc merls

endure v.  ls; suer pn

aj enduable syn persevere
aj endung
n enduance

Hw he s ble  endure lvng nex  he rpr s bend m

mprehensn
The endurance dspled b he hlee gve evdene  hs rgrus
rnng

306
 HE ESSENIA OEF OCABULAR

forfeit v. o ge p e soeg e y

n ofei sy by e o ego
n eqs
Yo y e o fri yo oe ors izesp o beoe 
e o oe or
e fri oed bese o eog pyes soed p

precarious djo se, m o sedy

av peaiuy n ados
e de p se   pciu so og e ss
e p s posoed pciusl o e edge o e be

severe dj. eee 

av eveely n nese
n eveit

e ee seve ssed  v so g f os o

Mg
Te vi o s odo w o be o  e es ess
e sded

sporadic dj o osse eg

av. sprdicly n e
e do oos ee sbje o padic sspo
neeee
Voe sos o pdicll  e oes.

stumble upon ph. v. o dsoe o  o  peso o g

dey
n oe oss
e mld pn  o o eesg oo bo e esec
op
We mg ml pn dee e kg n e oods

superior djeee qlt; boe  e es

n. superiiy n. exepo
s s  pi fss o  obe
he esu's peioity s esbsed soy e  opeed

307
ESSENTIAL WORDS FOR THE TOEFL

truncate v. o soen o end someng suddenl

aj trncaed n cu
e eevison pogm s runced ecuse e socce mc en
no et me
e puses o e nesppe sked e e o runce e
epo

anton ddone ou oug o consdeon

av wantony gossy neggen
n senseess
He wnon dsegd o e ues s unepne
Te eous mn s wantonly mpoe o e nne

wdespread djund everwee

n eensve
ee s  widespred umo  ee  e no css net usdy
e poc nuence o e deveoped counes o e od s
widespread

isdom n knoedge nd undesadng

av wisey n nsg
aj wise

I s oen sd  wd s e poduc o exeence

I s  we decson  you o uy  c

itticism n  joke;  unny so:

av wily n. umo
aj. wiy
n wi
n. wiiness

Hs wim cpved e udence.

Mk n s mous  s sp wit

oo v. o mke efs o n o gn someng

n c
e decos ted o wo e suppot o e unon
e opponens o e poposed gy wooed neby esdens o
deend he posion

308
 THE ESENTIA TOEFL VOCABUARY

MTCHNG

Choose the snony.

1. stute 6. tuncte
 cknowede  mpess
® extense ® cut
© cee © uphod
@ we @ postpone

2. spodc 7 pecious
 pophetc  pecul
® intinsc ® deous
© etc © widesped
@ chc @ gvtn

3 enqush 8. pesude
 ecoe  convince
® dspese ® conom
© fet © conrm
@ depete @ conce

4 peseen 9. wsdom
 endun  cceeton
® neectve ® insht
© secue © cuton
@ sncee @ mel

5. supeo 10. ntense

 pospeous  nstnt
® sustned ® hadous
© supec © seee
@ excepton @ obust

30
ESSENIA WORDS FOR THE TOEFL

ESSON 30MLIPE-CHOICE TEST QUESTIONS

1. he ccuo a o he bods h ook pce n Ne Yok
Ct  he 1920s s coped  B n he 1930s hs
bough umeous ccuo-boosg schemes Pes 
edes ee oduced  he 1890s d hd become popua
mesues o woo e subscbes b he 1900s Alhough
he pcce s codemed b he Nesppe opeors
Assoco g schemes ge og wh he umbe o
esppes  my es Te coue od
he od woo  he pssge s coses  meg o

 e
® c
© covce
@ deceve

2 Iest nmc d ompesece hve bee deed s

he dscve chcescs o he moo-pcue mge Is
est sems fom s poe o cpue he compee eo
o he heegoe Ousde he hee  peso's eio
s usu dvded amog he eemes o he mess ealt
oud hm o he, excep  sporadic momes o coceo
o h s seeced  cose exmo
he od sporadic  he pssge s coses  meag o

® occsoa
® chasmc
© ecue
@ spedd

310
 THE ESENTIAL TOEFL VOCABULARY

 Essed  942 e Ve  Ame s e e

d ew  e US Im ge Is ge s
e widespread deee   e udesdg  e
Ued Ses d I eves s s   de ge 
pgms udg es eds eues, d mus
Te VO s essed  g-em mder pa 
ese s ume  dsng guges fm 42  60
e od widespread  e pssge s ses  meg 
 umed
® dsee
© exesve
@ ug

4 Jeis pue he pey b usg emss sm sgg

gs ud  he ees Te eed  gsms su
s p s d e jeis e m stumle upon
e ppeg hemseves ug e e Te mveme
s pdued ug hm s  e e's pemee
sue  dsges e s uses e  mve e
m d  je ppus Sme vees  jes e
e  sm e u ms e e smmes  d h
se ues
e ps ve stumble upon  e pssge s ses 
meg 
 eue
® ges
© egede
@ 

5 Dug s dms ms Jees pusued  p 

exps. He sezed  pput e Npe Bpe
deded  forfeit Fe ms  N Ame  eg
he Lusn ec  sle Ts emke qus
pused   e es pe e me  dued e e
 e Ued Ses Jees d  su g 
mpee e as Neveeess e mde up he ues s
e e lg d epeg e Csu
e d forfeit  e pssge s ses  meg 
 eee
® es
© equs
@ dsup

311
ESSENIAL WORDS FOR HE TOEFL

6 I s cs hgh-spd dvg s severely punished

wh  hs spd s gd d  cgd F
p Fch pc  ds s ch s 380 s 
h sp o dvg  h 110 ks p h wh
h s G xsswy kw s h bhn" hs
 spd  hgh scs   y h cdd
s Th ck   spd  d gh pc sc
m y ds  sku cps
I. sg h hgh-spd dng s severely punished h
h s h
 ds a s  b sd  c
® cdig h  cs h dh
pt
© hs ps  g 
 spdg s cy ecgd

7 As  US cgss Dy Cck w  p s

 witty, shwd d spk bckwds It ws 
Wshg h h gd  hs  s  csk-hd
b h d l-  ws cd Th hs pc
s pd hs g s h cd cp wh Psd
Jcks's g s  dc
Th wd witty  h pssg s css  g 
 bs
® scd
© hs
 sc

8 Th cc s  sh G c s  h

's s chs ss Hw h h ps  hs
g  pcy sbjc  s cgd by sp
sps d dfs Whi h S g, h
il cbd wh h ss  h sp sps d h
wanton dsrc  fss h d  wdspd s
Th wd wanton  h pssg s css  ng 
 ssss
® ssd
© pp
@ dsh

312
 THE ESSENTIA TOEF VOCABULARY

9 I  e Apce ups e  sucue s c e

e ced o e chde eed p fd d ceced
ed ad e e e  e  ued fu ded
d de eps d seds e s pesusve ecus
d successu ly eds becme Apce edes se 
uy ee cse becuse ey d pes charsma d
success  e
Te d charsma  e psse s cses  ea 
 bs
® ces
© ppe
@ cpcusess

10 Bsp W pfudy iueced e ves  s cde

Wbu d Ore ke e e ee depede kes
ey d deep cdece  e w es, d 
uven h  e sudess  e jude ey
ee u  eue dcues d cue  e _ce 
dsppne. se ques e cbed  e
uque es ep  exp e ccpses  te
Wg bes s ves
e d endue  e psse s cses  en 
 dsuse
® edse
© ejec
@ pesevee

313
ESSENTIAL WORDS FOR THE TOEFL

ANSWRS TO EXRCISS
MLTILE-COCE
CHG TEST QUSTONS

LESSON 1
A 6C 1D mp 6 B m  pp h 
2A 7D 2C p 7C   g 
3C 8B 3A hph 8A bup
A 9D  A upb 9D pbpmb
5 0B 5D fb 0 B mp

LESSON 2
C 6B  C bw 6 D  t   g
2A 7A 2 A gcvg 7D 
3D 8C 3C bpg 8A gemb
B 9C A mpr 9C gm
5C 0D 5D ppgg 0 A  h 
pp 

LESSON 3
1  6B D bbb 6D k h m  
2B 7A 2B hhn m
3D 8D 3A pb 7B m
A 9C  A gg 8C ygbhom
5 0D 5D iz 9A -
0D ipp

LESSON 4
C 6B  B pmg 6. C   g hm
2B 7A 2C ppp 7D 
3A 8D 3B g 8 B brhphz
D 9A B bm gp mg 9. A gh
5A 0D 5A dnghg 0 C pp

LESSON 5
1. B 6B  C h 6 A     
2D 7D 2 A b! 7 A a
3A 8A 3 D q 8D k p
B 9B  A p 9 A bp
5C 0C 5 A  j hg 0 B bp
h

LESSON 6
lC 6B  A mmm 6 B b
2C 7B 2 C i wh 
3A 8A 3 A - 7 D mpx
4,C 9.D 4 B sp 8 A ms
5A 0A 5 B g 9 B mmp
0 C gh

314
 THE ESENTIAL TOEFL VOCABULARY

MUILE-CE
MAHG EST QNS

SSON 7
. B 6A 1B s 6 A  i d  
D 7B D ppd 
A 8B C d 7D yd
4C 9C 4C dd 8 D p
5C O. 5B pph 9 C np
10A dhd

ESSON 8
C 6B 1 B s 6D kp  m m
D 7A B m m pp
D 8C  D h h  mpm 7 A dwn
4A 9A 4A dhdm 8 C hgd
5B 10D 5 D fmp 9D ddd
10B ddpdd

ESSON 9
C 6D 1. B v 6 C ppt  h  p
D 7B D h   d  q km
A 8A p 7A dpxh
4.B 9A  C m 8D dhk
5A 10D 4A mpmp 9 C   d 
5A lhm 10D ym

ESSON 10
C 6C 1D udmr 6 C h m d  
B 7A  D ph  m
D 8C  A pmch 7C dmm
4D 9C 4B hzds 8B db
5A 10D 5C phmxp 9 A dmamj
10C ddn

ESSON 11
1B 6A C d 6 B  m mo h
2A 7A  C mddd mp
3B 8D  D mpm 7 B 
4B 9C 4B mmp 8 D pmmp
5D 10C 5A ppdhd 9.D xmlh
10 A dpdd

LESSON 12
C 6A 1 D pddppd 6 B  d  e
2.C 7D  D dddd 7 D nh
3D 8B  C mp 8 C d-d
4A 9A 4B  9 A dd
5B 10.A 5B ddppd 10 D mmd

315
ESSENIAL WORDS FOR THE TOEFL

MLTLECHOC
CIG TST QUSTONS

LESSON 13
1. B 6 B 1A subppop 6B  o o h oh
2D 7 C 2 c ui 7B vdpp
3B 8B 3 A ssbmo 8. A husddpd
4A 9D 4 D pddpd 9 C ono
5 C 10A 5 B hosdos 10A ssps

LESSON 14
6A 1. B mpbud 6 A bs w dsgd d
7. D 2 C ddy bu
8 D 3 C dfgssig 7D uosos
9D 4D p 8B sh
10A 5 B spousps 9 A h
10 C ggpdg

LESSON 15
 B 6.c 1 B hsop 6D ws  
2D 7 B 2A subsilsg md
3B 8D 3D msousbg 7B pousgous
4D 9A 4A jsuss 8D hauhh
5A 10 C 5 c booss pomos 9 B hd ·mg
0 D dpd

LESSON 16
  6 D 1D ssmlmhodl 6 B mo osous o h
2.c 7 B 2 A o suio
3 A 8 D 3D muousosous 7 B bggs
4B 9 B 4 D ompssud 8D dupd
5 B 10 B 5 B ukdoubu 9 c mphszshghghs
10A hghsf

LESSON 17
LA 6 B 1A okpodu 6 B ous sow o m
2 B 7D 2 B udd-rhmd 7A gddsubd
3A 8A 3A sch 8 D ommod
4A 9,A 4 D ol db 9 C ods
5D 10 B 5 C ppgbsm 10 A odess

LESSON 18
1 B 6 B 1 C umdsud 6 B omo  d gs
2 A 7 B 2 B msmhod 7 B sbpossb
3A 8A 3 A bsudduous 8 C obussog
4. A 9B 4A imbxb 9 D sws
5D 10 C 5  kshog 10 C lmsopto

316
 THE ESENTIA TOEFL VOCABUARY

MLILCOC
CHG TST QUESTNS

LESSON 9
B 6 D 1 B   6D  s s 
2 7 C 2 A  7A bsdbj
3A 8C 3B p 8 C k
4A 9C 4D tgdd 9A 
5A 10D 5D ytypy 10, B tnsodd

LESSON 20
1B 6C 1A bdddsd 6A py   fs wy
2D 7A 2A pysw 7 D dss
3B 8D 3 B q 8 A 
4C 9A 4B lndsbza 9D 
5A 10B 5 C  0 C psz

IESSON 21
A 6B 1B pibd 6 A bns y w
2D 7 C 2 D sdpd  d
3B 8D 3 C ppn 7 C pd
4B 9C 4D ps 8A sspss
5D 10B 5A dsd 9D spsq
10 D sdspp

ESSON 22
1B 6 D 1A pdnprp 6 C x w ss h
2D 7 B 2 C dsddkd 7B dspps
3C 8A 3 A p 8 C n
4 B 9C 4D s 9A c
5A 10D 5A lw 10 D vss

LESSON 23
1D 6 D 1B bydpdby 6 B s s o h  pys
2 C 7A 2 A dyy 7 D nss
3 C 8A 3 C ppsdss 8D pdyy
4 B 9C 4 C pppd 9 A pd-bd
5 B 10 C 5 D pd 10 D ddpsd

LESSON 24
1B 6C 1 C swsy 6A sdq
2D 7A 2 D pdspdd 7 C d.d
3A 8. C 3 B mdpd 8 A d
4A 9A 4D sddsbd 9D ps
5 C 10D 5 C kbep 10·B ppwu

317
ESSENTIAL WORDS FOR THE TOEFL

MLTILEHOE
G TEST QUESTONS

LESSON 25
1 A 6 A 1 Dudd 6 B  mm'  d
2 A 7 B 2 Bpud u 
3 D 8. C  Aay 7 . mpucpu
4 B 9 B 4 Aquy 8 A dudd
5  10 D 5 D uddbd 9 Bb
10. C bdp

LESSON 26
1  6 B 1 Am 6 Bbldlmd
2 B 7 B 2 D mb 7 Bmu
3 D 8 A  pu 8 A dd
4 A 9  4 Dpup 9 Ampmblz
5  10 B 5 Bp 0 D f

LESSON 27
LC 6  1 umur 6  p m, Ti, 
2 D 7 A 2 D mbi ppp
3 D 8 D  Bdvdd 7 A dd
4 B 9 A 4 Bud 8 Bmwd
5 B 10  5 Auppdypumb 9 dmp
10 Ddem

LESSON 28
1 A 6 A 1 Dudmmsu 6 Bmb du
2  7  2 Audbbu b
3 C 8. D  c 7 u
4 B 9 B 4 Aqupul 8 Adb
5 D 0  5 xpu 9 g
10 bpb

LESSON 29
1  6 A 1 kdd 6 D m b m du
2 A 7 A 2 Aququd  d
3 B 8 B  Dup 7 Add
4 B 9  4 D uun 8 Bhu
5 A 10  5 Apu 9 D m&
10 Aqub

LESSON 30
  6 B 1 Bo 6 u mp   
2  7 B 2 Apd 7 tumu
3  8 A  dpd- 8 A
4 A 9 B 4 A m u 9 mppe
5 D 0  5 qu 10 Ddup

318
 CHAPTER 6
THE iBT PRACTICE TEST
GENER DIECTIONS
ssenti Wordsfor the TEFL ps  h  39m OEFL pc
c s o h g sc  h B. s sc ss ig
cmphs clg spcc cbla ms  hl phss
 s  cmb h IP OEFL cs 4050 ms  h
Rg Cmphs sc hl h B cs 36  70 ms
 hs sc. hs s cs h ks  pssgs h  lkl 
b   h B. Ech pssg s ll b 13 qss. h B
s cs h sm ks  ms o  h ppbs 
s pls sm l m ms. hs hs s wll b hlpfl 
u glss  hch s  h OEFL  pl  ke.
A  h s h cbla lsss  hs bk k h
s n  sgl sg Usg  ch   clck m sl h k
g h s     pc  pp  s m n h m
 hch  wll sp. All sl 60 ms  k h s. Us
h ll 60 ms. I  sh l g bck  chck  k l
lwng h hlpl sgs n his  s ks c  Chp
1  Chp 2  hs bk.
Wh kg h s ll h cs  ch qs. F ml
pl-chc qss ccl h cc s   bk F h
tps  qss  s c. Alhgh hs s s  ms
   cmp r  hs b m  mk  lk h B
s  h OEFL.
A  k h s sc  sig h s k pd 
pg 338  hs bk. F ch cblr m  s ccly
lk p h  s  hs bk. T  s h  m
h msk s  ' mk  gn. I cssr lk p h s
   ps   Eglsh c. hs wll pv 
wh l m  h mg  h    c­
xs,  phps h xmpl sc msg s sg.

319
ESSENIA WORDS FOR THE TOEFL

F m  p u pmc d c 

 h TOEFL scl ll h dcs  Sc Yu BT Pcc
Rd Ts  h d  hs chp
N  Chps  nd 2; h  d u s m
d k h TOEFL Pcc Ts Rd Cmphs sc

iBT RAING SECTION

I hs sc  h BT u ll d h psss Ech pss s
olld  13 quss Yu shuld s ll quss  h ss
 h s sd  mpld  h pss Yu ill  skd  pm
 t  sks  hs sc Rd d oll h dcs  ch
s qus cull  u s A u h cmpled hs
s u m   h Sc Cs Tl  dm u
ppxm BT  ITP sc  h Rd Cmphs sc 
h TOEFL

Questions 1-13

Transportation
A k cmp  y us cmc ssm s s nsp
ssm Th h  h lt d d  sp lg qus
 ds  ums  ppl  l dsncs  hh spds 
cm d st hs   d  cvlz nd  pcul 
chlcl pss Cmmuc nd cmmc  cld 
h smh d pd mm  ds d ppl m  plc 
h Such mm qus  lldlpd fsucu Th
m nsucu" s usd  dscb ll h cls h n c­
mc ssm hs n plc clus  s k  ds l­
ds d ps s ll s h hcls d ssls  us hm Ths
cls mus   plc o d c  hndld   ul
ss. Tsp ssms  cssr  d  ds  ch
mks h h c  sld  chnd  h mchds 
scs d o csums  ch hs ds
Th  my slshd s sscd h  lldlpd
sucu Isucu lls ch phc   pduc s
ds d h  d s pducs wh h s [A •J I dd­
  dc  cknd-h dn  s ls pssl  us s­
p  lk  um  d sps  h pduc pcss
ch ccu   d phc s. F mpl c pas m
 mucud  us ss, d h shppd  d ssmld 

320
 THE iBT PRACTICE TEST

 pcc gc cd  c  dgd  c

mb d db   c
 Dc  d b pd m  np [B • F
xmp  p  pib d  b dbd 
g mk  I dd  edpd m  d 
 k  c  jb  qck d c 
cng  pp  mpm  k pdcvt 
dpd c  mk  pb   pdc 
c  g mb  mk  g dc  ma 
 qt  pdc cn b g g  pm pdc
cm  c  cmp c c  cm b o 
d ggpc 
4  cm  b m h c    dpd
c np k mk mk m cmp
i [C • A np m mp  y gd d c
 d bc  d  mb  pp  pp d
b  d gd d c  pm nc 
bt d pm picg cmp   b   cm
5 p pjc  pd  b   gd 
   d p [D •J Mc  
ig g   cm  h Ud S d  c­
i    cr ca b dc bd   dp­
m  np k  xmp  dpm  h US
 d d m
 Dig  md- cr  xpdd d
bgg  m dpm  pc   d pd
 gw   c  cd d d . T
 qck bcm c    ci g c d
b    c cd dpm   
dmd  b  cmp  mm bbd b nd
dp       dpd d,  c­
g  
7 E  dpm  uc md  pb  ct
d  l  c ct gng b  m d b­
di cd   j d ct m
s W  d  mb d ck p  d
   m   d  pg fm  ct   I
 1930 d '40   m  d mgd cucd b
 d gm H   m  d  il
qppd  d cg m   c nd cmmc
Cqy  mmm US I Hgy m  d­
pd i p  g pbc p   1950   b
d m  C Cmm bd b Pd Dg

321
ESSENTIAL WORDS FOR THE TOtFL

E   bt      ­

  I       b ­
 w  f k   5   
          
45000 ,      j    U
S n r   0    '  
  n 1   h   a  

1 W    v  x    a
   ?
  x         
b
®        ­
b   nn 
©     b     o  b
@     b  b  n
b    

 Lk    q l•J     w 
 b    :
Tk  -v     
  vb      b   
v  y  i 
W    b b ? (A (B, (C)  (D)
Ck   l•J     n  

   spud   6     

 
® 
© 
@ 

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 THE iBT PRACTICE TEST

4  prs Ths phenomenon i prp 4 s o

®  s o spoo sysms
  mpom   y mcds d scs 
dd
©  cs   mb o oppos  d
@  pc compo  ss fom c mods o
d

5 Accod o  pss  o  ow  mod s b­

s o  ood sysm o spoo EXCEP:
® Mcds s s o  mkpc
 Icsd pc compo bs cosms
© A  sco o oods s b o  cosm
@ Good insc my pod mpoym oppos

6 Accod o  o,  csd  xpso o  Ud

Ss od  Ws?
® T bt o oods d scs fom  ocl popos
o d 
 T h l o d od cs
©  xpso o h lod sysm
@ Mom y fom r cs io sbbs

7. T m on a eua basis i pgp 1 s coss  mi o

® dy
 cvy
© 
@ podcvy

323
ESSENIA WORDS FOR HE TOEFL

8 Wch  he llg seeces bes expesses he essel o

m  he seece bel? Icec se chces m mp
 m  chge he meng  he gl seece 
 mp y
I ddi  ell-deelped sysems  ds h ll kes
 ech he jb ses quckly d ecely hus ehcg
he ppues  mpemes  ke pduct  ell
deelped fsucue ls mkes  pssble  ech  lge
umbe  mkes e ge dsces
  hghly deelped sysem  ds  ly lls emplyees 
ech he jb ses me quckly bu ls lms he umbe 
mkes  specc dusr c see
® Alg wh he pssblt  clg ccess  jbses d
ehcg ke pducvt  hghly deelped suc­
ue ges busesses gee ccess  deelp ds makes
o he pducs
© ke pduct c be mped he emplyees he
ccess  gd ds d publc sp hch c
ge busnesses mped ccess   lge pl  pel
emplyees
@ Impemes  ke pducvt deped up  sgle sys
em  sp h ges ndusr cmplee ccess 
ly  lcl bu ls  ds mkes.

9 ccdg  he uh, hy s  sysem  ese hghys 

ecesst?
 Seeca d bus les ee deque
® Fedel udg s lble  he me
© Thee s  ncese  c eshp nd ese cmmece
@ The ly Cmmee ecmmeded s csuc

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10 Th d ele  gh 5 s csst  mg t

 sk
® xpas
© xctg
@ pdctv

11 Accdg t th dt  stuct  th pssg, a 

th wng a xmps  istrct EXCEP:
 stats
® bdgs
© bcycs
@ jts

12. Why ds th th mt cms  sc  agh 3?

 T xpa th mtac  bsss cmptt
® T dmstt h sm bssss c g t g
cmas
© T t t h csms ca bt m c cmtt
@ T hghght th d o fstct mpmts d
matac

325
ESSENTIA WORDS FOR THE TOEFL

1 Directions: A odo   sho sy o h pss

pps bo Cop h sa by s HREE s
hos h o h os po pos  h pss
So ss do o bo  h sy bs hy xpss
ds h  o dd  h pss o  o pos fo
h pss

T oh o  oos oo sys dpds po h x

o hh s spoo sys s dopd 


•


 h fsu s b  ozd o sppo podo

d ss o  ks
 R spoo los oods o b spod o o
dss
© Wl-dopd ns poos bsss oppos
 sos ps d oos
@ Good ods od t dls o sp ro h h 
st o h t
 Rod pojs sh s h US s hhy sys h
d qk d  spoio oss o ds­
s, hs hi oo t
® h os bs fo  spoo syss
bs h os o oods d svs s dd

326
 HE iB PRACICE TES

Questions 1426

Nursing
1  dn o  ob osso o s s s os 
o sos o s  o so. o  od o 
Rss o   y  s  d n
 d o dl s Ho  s n xoso o dso
r d   y    s  dsod
s  d s o d H   or" o dss s
dod d ods o  d i os dsss
 dsod I ddo ss s dsod Sn  
o s ds  s o o d od s
d  ossos o  bs o  s d
os n  d o d I  dl sa s odd
o dl d  od s  1950s  n l 
os s obid s d ss o  oo o b
d by  ss os s d  do sys­
s f yss ss d o  ossos nd
d ss o  dy sys o ss o  b  s
b od bo  sss
2 Ts d ss d  d d f s
o od b   ydy ds o  s d odd s
d  b o od s Befe s xoso o oo
sn s d s  osso  o ss s o s
 od o   o  ds d o   y d
syoo ds o s  ss od I  oy
ss dd o d o s s
3 Ho d   y  s  o
od  o o  ss o s d by o N
Nt s  fdb  o d  so bod n s­
 s nd o oos S sd s
s o sl os fd ds bo   o
o s d o xsy o  ns  s d o
do o    s o  
4 H o d  o o Bs o os I
1854 Nl s sd o o o os   bs o
ss d s, o fo ozd d
svs d s d o d s o o  50  o
 s d odd
5  ss  s d  ss o s ud od
bo bo s o o o  d s o ss
    so o  os  s s  s
pogms As  es o he wok Foee Nhne ced se

327
 ESSENIA WORDS OR HE TOEFL

ea g w e ued  eb   ug  S

T Hp  Ld
s Fee Ngge beeed ug  be  ube d w
ee  pbe ed we d  ug eve d  be
deed b pe w pe pep Se ed
 ee w  ub bd  wedge d ge    be
ered  ug d  ed d kwedgebe pel
d  be peped  p ug d e  e   e 
e wee  e gd e pe  pe d le  •1
Se g beeed   'e ep d  be pee bewee
p d ue i de  pe eed  be e Se 
ed    ug ud be ebed b ue d
p  p  e p we
7 ge beue  Ngge e b he ed  e eee
euc e u  e ug pe d bee eeed B •1
Ad e de   ue eeded  be edued d ed hd ped
   e Weer wd C •J
 Mde ug edu  d  ge dm  pepe
ue o e epded e [D •1 Td p-bed u­
g  d  pde ut ug epeee   e
e e be  uuu  e unet Mee d
ug  e eded  e ude f e e 
ge edu T e  u, ug edu  w
eg ud i de e   i eig deded
e  g ue Ideed  e ue e g 
ue  ed eue  uee

4. dg  e pge   e owg e ue  Nggle
ew  ug EXCEP:
 Te e  ue d  be exded
® Te pe d   edued pe
© Nug d  be ug  uee.
@ Nug ud gey pe uvl e

15 Te wd emergent  pgp 3  e  eg 

 deepg
® eg
© p
@ ed

328
 THE iBT PRACTICE TEST

6 W es e u me e em er?"

 T ex w e e epe  sve neses
® T use  mp sep i e eme d de­
  dseses
© T ef e   ems  ws  ee em
@ T epin w ses beme me ebe

 7 Bse  e im  e psse wh  e w 

be ee bu us i bee e ieee eu?
 Nuses wee pl e eev e   pess
pep
® Nuses wee pvded w y  bs be s eu
© Nuses wee my e  mmut e ses
@ Nuses wee ied i ss wse eu pms 
 w ous

18. Te w sheer  pp 1 s ses  me 

 
® pevus
© uque
@ sups

9 Lk  e u sques [•1  sw wee e ow seee
u be see  e psse:
I a s  esu  e vces  us uses ve wed
s  spees u pes suer pes
pmg ps  pub e.
Wee u e seee bes be dded? (A), (B) ()  (D)
Ck   •J  nse e seee  e psse

329
ESSENIAL WORDS FOR THE TOEFL

20 Wc   fg scs bs xpsss  ss f
m   sc bw? Icc s ccs m mp
 m  cg  mg   g sc 
 mp 
T xpdg mss   mdc d  kdg  b
ppd b  scs ks s cmpd dc ss
ms f pscs ss d  c pds  s
pd d s ppd pss   dr ssm  s
cs   pbc  s  fmd b c ssus
 Ag w  g  c kdg mny dcs
ss d c dc ss d  cg­
g  kp up w  s dcs  mdc
 As  g pbc gs d bcms m imd b
c sss mdc pesss   csdb
pss  xpd  cpct  c ccs d sp­
s d  pd f b dc  c ks
© T dmds pcd  ca ks d dc
ss b  mss   ca fm s d
 dd  ps   b fmd  csd
pss  scs ccs d sps  d qt
c
@ T xm m  mdc fm b  
pbc s cgd mdc ss  m  g
sdd  qt c dd b -d mdc
psss

21 Bsd   m   pssg, hc   fwg c
b d b  ss  Ngg's k   cs?
 Nusg pgms  d cs  mmd
sbsd
® T d o pssl sg g s ckdgd
© O cus s p pgms  g mj dsss
@ C  s dd s  k m   vg.

330
 HE iB PRACICE TES

22 Bsed  he   pgph 1 hch  he g

bes eps he e to keep abreast of?
  udesd
®  pee
©  s up-de
  ep

23 A  he wng sees pp  he ed  edce  he
egheeh ceur EXCEP:
 Dcs e hd suce o  ke gd
dgses
@ I s dcu  def he cuses  esses
© Medc ees ee  ebe
 Ges ee dscveed s he edg cuse  deh

24 Accdg  pgph 8, hch  he wg s ue bu

dem usng g?
 Td usng schs e s he  tng gud
 uses
@ Td usg schs e beg epced b ceges nd
uveses  ay cues
© Nusg ps  sud e ecusve cused  ce es
 speci
 Ccl segs e he s p segs  usg
educ pgs

25 he phse This perception  pgph 2 ees 

 he ve h he exps  heh n ud bee
pes
® he  h usg s   p pess
© he de h uses ee  e educed
 he pess h  e ud chse  bece uses.

331
ESSENIAL WORDS FOR THE TOEFL

26 Directions: A duc   sh summr  he pssge

ppes be Cmpee he summr b seecg HREE se
chces h me he ms mp ps  he pssge
Sme seeces d  beg n he summ becuse he exess
des h e  cuded  he pssge  e m ps fm
he pssge

Ove he eas usgs sus s  pess hs bee eeved

 he ese d fm e   me emale dmed pes
s equg e educ   hgh especed jb equg
specc sks d kedge



•

 Despe he emegg mpce  he usg pess

mde pgms desged  pessl pepe uses o
he kpce e ge eeged  sm, pve hsp
bsed usg schs
 Lg pmed b Fece Nghge he de h us­
g   vved csdebe kedge   ge bd 
mt bu as specc sks  de  deve helhce
 pes  ged ccepce n he ese d
© Te gem he" geeed  eps  he medcal k
edge bse hch  u ceed he eed   cese i he
umbe  dcs d sked helhce pvdes
@ Due  he es  pesss such s Fece Nghgle
he de h usg s  demdg pess equg spe
cc kedge d tng hs sped css he ee gbe
 Nghgle ssed h  pe's eeds cud y be me  
em eshp ws uued beee uses d dcs
® Nusg educ pgms hve  epded fm sm
hsp-bsed usg schs  uveses d ceges gv
g uhe ecg  he de h usng s  ke cmp
e  he healhcae ssem.

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 H iB PRACICE TES

Questions 27-39

Skyscrapers
1  kp    h   r   
   di t  w   kp N
Y Ct    Ep S Bd R    
  l   d  L M  d b
      p
2 P   0 US  d  Ep o h d
d p F dd  t dd  Ep r
[A •J   d   d Ep 
p d d     [B •J M d
  d p      x  
 d    p  d l-
 pt  p   p  d hnig  d
        dpd    [C •J O
 d  d  d   p · 
  d  l     pdd
d dd    I d   d
tp  [D •J
 C  pd   t       d
  jd  E d W C d p  t  
p  T d d  p  p  
   p      h kd  C 
  d    ppd E 
Dp    d  t d      
w ,     d l a d
l d d    pp
4 Ec d d l d  C d  
     A  t'   d 
  p: pp  d d   d 
 d  d p d  f  t
    p  d l   d
 d   p  M   hd
  d  t  Ep d  d
d  C  d  d  d   
d  dd     d  ppd 
C      d  p
q  d d     d p     
v d    d   d  p I 
  C   h .
s S m   d   W U p Bd­
g  1873 u  ey     u pnp  
S d  C  5  H S   B

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 ESSENTIAL WDS FR THE TOEFL

 wh hd suded checue  he Msschuses Isue 

Techg (MIT) d  Ps I he ex 40 es he wud des
dzes  buds pm  he Mdweshe Audum Bud
(1889) he Wwh Bud (1891) he Cs Pe Sc Dep
me Se (1904) he N Fmes B (1908) Thuh my
wee y  ew ses hh Suvs des ppch ce shwed
h e buds wee w pssbe B dsbu  buds
weh css s see udep he ws be  bud  me sd
sucue h cud supp ee hehs Le hs mus am
m llws c"wud be dped b my checs I mes
h checs shud s wh he uc   bud  md 
s decve pe d epese h uc hes  he
buds des Ised  smhe budis     hsc
de checs e Suv wud pud des buds h
eveed hw he wee csuced d wh ws n  sde B
he me he ded  1924 he hd epced  eeeh-ceur pee
ece  dsused d hz budns wh he bee h bud
heh s m med b  c  m The Ses Twe
eeced 100 es e he Wese U Teeph Bud d  
me he wd's es bud, ws p  hs ec
3 Td skscpes e oud  ve he wd B he ed  he
eeh ceu he es e ws  e  Chc  eve he
Ued Ses The es  he wd  452 mees ws he Pes
Twe  Ms Bu he skscpe hd sed me mdesl  
me bee h   uh eeps ct   e I sp m
he sh h buds dd hve  se sw se b se m
he bm up Ised he cud be hu  pweu see mes d
heeb s  umed hehs

27 Wh s he m pc  he psse?

 Chc ws  pwef US busess hub  he e 1800s
® Skscpes e ndcs  ecmc w d ech­
c v
© The skscpe ws  uwh  Eupe checu
stes
@ Lus Suv ws  mp chec  he eeeh
ceu.

334
 THE iBT PRACTICE TEST

28 Wc co ed o e cosco o e bdgs?

 Te ev o do cosco ecqes
® A empss o e co o e bdg o be cosced
© A eed  moe spce  cowded ces
@ Te deveopme o see mg cosuco meods

29 Te wod striking  pgp  s coses  meg o

 eesg
® pome
© pec
@ ppeg

0 The wod preeminence  pgp 4 s coses  meg o

 oo
® egmc
© poso
@ spemc

1 A o e owig e meoed  e edg s acos  e
emegece o e skscpe s  bdg tpe  e eee
cer EXCE:
 Te od gve Ccgo  bg ecoomc boos
® See mg ws sed  bdg ceds
© S oo dvge o suc ovos
@ Fds wee vbe  el ese vesme

2 Wy does e o se  Ccgo poved o be  og so?
 Ccgo eceved m efgees oog  bee oppoes
® Ccgo ved de o aobe ccmsces
© Ccgo eded dc sos
@ Ccgo os jobs s e od eced compeo

. Te wod core  pgp 4 s coses n meg o

 cece
® bsess
© ecoom
@ cee

335
ESSENTIAL WORDS FOR THE TOEFL

34 Te wd expansion  pgp 4 s cses i meg 

 s
® dsb
© mveme
@ gw

35 I sg  orm ollows function  pgp 5 e 

mes  e desg   bdg sd
 de  dsgse s e ppse
® sess ppse ve ppece
© sess ppece ve ppse
@ eve e cecs pes

36  wc  e wg semes wd e   e
edg pssge ms pbby gee?
 Iv wys sems rm  snge cse
® Egneeg c smemes nspe cecs
© Cce s e pma mv  cge
@ Acecs lwys w pp peeeces

37 L  e  sqes •J  sw wee e owg seece
cd be nseed  e pssge:
Tese suces wee tpcy mde  se d b fm e
gd p, e e pymds bc by bc
hee cd e seece bes be dded? ( (B (C.  (D)
Cc   •J  se e seece  e pssge

38 W c be need fm e pssge b Ccgs ecmc
sccess?
 Ccg wd  ve dveped mc w e pesece
 e d
® Ccg ws desed  becme e me  e s skscpe
© Ccgs ecmc pwe ws  es  nvve cece
@ Ccg's mde cece csey esembes   d
Epe ses

336
 HE iB PRACTICE ES

39 Directions: An ncn   s su  e psse

ppeas ew Cpee e su b seecn THREE answe
cces  enn e s pan pns n e psse
Se senences  n en n e sar ecse he expess
es  e n nce n e psse  ae n pns f
e psse

Te eepen  e snc cec stes  skscpes

ws ilence  na peeences n nces n ecn
g an enneen 

•
•
•

 Innns n enneen pee ns  e cnsce

pn see faes wc we o n een sun 
we wc cnseqen e cnscn  ae u
ns psse
 See an ws s use n Cc, wee e Wese
Unn Teep Bun ws cnsce n 873 n e
Fe's Nn Ban n 1908
© Mem sc an ecnc es e ence e
esnes  em  skscpes  d een e
eces
@ A p cne    un cnscn ws
nuce  Ls Suan, wse  ws uncn"
ppc ws pe  ny acecs w ese  cn
sc ncn uns
 In e e ses, cecs wee e  nqe cn
sucn es n n n ses on n
Epe.
® In e em e, s acecs s cnsee e ec­
ve esn  e ns, e hn e ncn

337
SSNIAL WORDS OR THE OEFL

NSWES TO iBT PATIE TEST

1  10 D 19 D 28 D 37 

2  11 A 20  29  38 A
3 A 12  21  30 D 39 AD
4  13 A 22  31 
5. D 14  23 D 32 
6  15. A 24  33 D
7 A 16  25  34 D
8  17 A 26   35 
9  18 A 27. C 36 

SOING YOU iBT PRCTIE TEST

ssental Words for he TEFL cs  pcce es hs es s p
vded s yu y deee wh eec he sudy  hs bk hs hd
 yu kwledge  OFL vcbulr d  yu blt  swe
vcbula quess  he OFL f Te es wll ls pvde yu
wh  ily ccue ese  hw yu wuld d  Sec 3  he
OEFL
 sce yu B Pcce Redg es plese fllw he pce
dues descbed belw

1 G  he key (ls  cec swes) o he es I s lced  he
p  hs pge
2 Sce he es usg he key Plce  C ex  ech cec swe
 he bk
3 Cu he ube  cec swes d we h ube  he
spce clled Nube Cec belw

P OEFL
Nube Cec B Scle Sce Scle Sce

4 Nw, g  he Sce Cves bles  pge 340 Fd yu Nu­
be Cec Sce  he le clu. Usg  ule  sghedge,
dw  line ude yu sce d css  he cee clu  md
he B Scle Sce h cespds  yu Nube Cec Sce
We h ube  he spce bve

338
 THE iBT PRACTICE TEST

5 N i  lg cum d e P OEFL Sc Sc  c
spds  u Numbe Cec Sc e  umbe n e
spc be ee  sas P OEFL Sce Sce

N 's pcce ese pcdus  de  ef  u e
og em cec Supps   Pcce B u swed 25
quess cc Accdg  e c  pg 340 u B Sc
Sce ud be 20 Yu dg sc s ppxme 25 pc 
u B sc
W u k  OEFL   c dms  u sc
 e Redg sc s dee m u Sce Sce  te BT 
the IP OEFL Redng Pcc es he dece s pbb due 
 c    ge d d  y gv s  ms u p
mc  r sg Hee u Sc Sc  pbb 
 b me  e ps m e sce u g  S u c
e sme degee  cdece   sce u bd ee s sm­
  e sce u ud bn    OEFL Redng s,  u
k  d. e usg s bk
irLanguage.com

339
ESSENIA WORDS FOR HE TOEFL

iB AND IP RDING SECION SCOE CONVSION TBLES

Number Correct iBT Scae ITPTOEFL
Score Score Scae Score
39 30
38 29
37 29
36 28 67
35 27 66
34 27 66
33 26 65
32 25 64
31 24 63
30 23 63
29 23 61
28 22 59
27 22 58
26 21 57
25 20 57
24 20 56
23 19 56
22 19 54
21 18 53
20 18 52
19 17 51
18 16 50
17 16 49
16 15 48
15 15 47
14 14 46
13 13 44
12 12 43
11 11 41
10 10 40
09 09 38
08 08 36
07 07 34
06 06 32
05 05 31
04 04 31
03 03 31
02 02 31
01 01 31
00 00 31

340
 INDEX

Tis indx is  lis o ll e k TOEFL ords inroducd nd ug
in is book. You m us  lis o drmin ic ords ou hv
no msrd Idntif  locion o c ord os mning ou
do no kno Tn la  k ord,  ords rld o i, d 
synonym ssocid wi i

A asemet 289 bg bt 238

bsh 271 gs 247 bde 149
bd 51 ze 67 bge 149
bupt 51 et 67
bsd 202 ig 67 c
bsm 193 ntpte 68 be 298
eete 113 ppeg 59  t 150
ette 220 pty 280 t 86
eptbe 51 btr 76 eebted 60
m 51 ds 167 ht 271
de 158 h 238 hsm 306
t 238 d 167 hely 94
t o 122 set 68 hic 52
te 122 spet 52 te 263
kwedge 297 sset 76 mvet 60
que 297 ssmlte 297 f 104
te 122 sstmet 297 ssf 122
dge 297 stdg 76 eve 306
dept 176 stte 77 se 94
dhee 176 tttve 52 heet 211
dvtge 59 tms 52 de 60
dvet 59 vet 167 me ss 202
dvese 52 mmpe 94
odbe 255 B mpe 247
et 229 ble 85 mpe 247
ggvtg 289 bed 202 mpex 95
ge 59 be 85 mp 193
gtte 193 beet 149 e 104
bet 59 beg 68 evb 289
t 202 bd 149  77
s 247 b 85 desed 298
te 67 bsh 104 det 193
mbgs 76 bze 202 m 105
met 140 be 263 m 68
mpe 167 bt 85 sets 184

341
SSNIAL WORDS FOR H TOEFL

csstety 63 dstct 3 eggete 4

cspcsy 50 dstgsh 4 eceedgy 95
ctmted 55 dstt 06 ecept 3
ctempa 60 dstbte 60 ecsey 96
ctdctr 98 dese 06 eempf 
ctes  dce 4 eet 03
ceet 05 dcmeted 94 ehst 59
ceti 95 dmnt 3 eht 63
cet 89 dmt 3 eps 84
cey 84 d 3 exts 3
cce 306 dmtc 3 etese 59
ce 05 etngsh 96
ctc 05 E
cuc 58 ecectc 3 F
csh 3 ete 3 cte 
cmte 03 eemet 40 ce 59
ctte 3 eemety 4 cet 59
cte 90 elct 8 ctte 86
cs 95 emte 4 ct n 
cecy  eqet 50 cs 03
ede 58 te 
D emedded 0 ese 03
dettg 90 emdy 8 eg 68
deceptey  emege 4 ete 68
dece 9 emt 95 nte 90
decet 50 emphsze 4 w 5
def 68 emte  shg 55
deghted 93 ect 68 oet 30
deme 03 ecce 4 omde 48
demstt 80 ecmpss 84 oste 6
dese 3 ecge 60 od 64
depete 90 edemc 94  6
dee 3 edse 50 eshy 68
desgte  ede 306 ct 69
detemed  eegetc 6 dmet 69
dete 80 egede 4
devse 0 egss 4 G
dctte 4 ehce 86 geec 
dget 68 eghte 38 gene 3
dm 3 ems 50 ggtc 4
dspp 5 ech 68 gdy 94
dscee 55 etey 50 gtfg 
dsceety 94 ede 5
dscepncy 05 etc 4 H
dsgse 0 epte 5 ht 6
dspese 40 eety 06 hde 
dspy 3 edet 58 hphzdy 53
dsegd 98 eke 94 h 
dsrptie 53 evolve 211 hm 7

342
 NDEX

haes 115 J dd 281

hse 239 j 124 ese 160
hzdus 132 usf 142  222
hehe 185 n 69
hed 61 L pps 213
hhh 185 ck 203 ubus 229
hue 239 uch 272 udsh 222
ee 272 eben 142
 ehg 272 ece 222
d 159 be 204 ek 240
e 220 k e 212 e 264
ese 96
p 194 M p
pesse 124 ude 239 pe 256
ppe 264 n 256 pu 186
puse 264 h 115 p 222
ccessbe 160 re 281 pce 115
dee 185 es 204 pcu 273
cess 86 edce 256 ps 230
 cuc wt 87 c 186 pe 230
dee 221 dse 195 pecee 290
dsce 169 uscue 133 peus 1 77
ebe· 185  115 pedc 248
c 185 dee 281 pesse 53
ilux 239 f 142 pesude 87
eque 264 e 281 pe 78
edes 280 ude 78 phee 230
e 221 seus 177 phhpc 230
e 221 h 61 pnp 169
ndne 194 pcd 230
scn 1 77 N peu 230
s 124 e 221 p 223
seus 96 ebe 256 pspe 53
se 78 ee 115 pe 256
suce 256 eeteess 222 pe 69
e 142  196 pcc 240
esf 68 m 212 pecus 307
e 195  212 pecus 298
ee 53 e 212 pecpe 142
ebe 68 uue 213 peccep 204
ce 239 pedcbly 160
ue 87 0 ped 240
sc 195 be 240 pee 143
use 248 bus 160 pe 133
u 204 bsee 222 pce 186
ude 195 bsuc 87 poud 265
u 280 b 115 puse 281
sed 264 bvus 160 pe 298

343
SSNTIA WORDS FOR TH TOEFL

p 178 sct 290 xc 291

pp 241 scv 169  178
p 248 s 307 qt 291
pps 230 sh 231 so 213
pph 248 shp 26 sp 116
pps 248 shd 87 gg 214
pps 69 shd 231  291
psps 106 sh 12 c 307
p 241 sg 291 b 70
ppsu 106 sas 107
sd 26 u
R spc 133 bsd 214
d 273 sh 27 db 291
c 231 spcs 170 dsd 291
d 249 spa 273 dsc 178
cpc 27 sps 273  12
cps 87 spdc 307 q 88
c 11 sbe 299  187
dd 1 78 sg 79 skb 26
m 61 sn 96  299
c 282 s  27 d 187
jc 178 sc 133 phd 161
 213 sghod 124 psdg 265
s 143 s 274
b 249 s 223 v
qsh 78 sg 274 g 299
c 249 sb p 307 ld 3
b 27 sbsq 26 d 214
w 249 sbs 1 78 s 299
pd 11 sccc 282 b 12
qs 299 scy 97 gs 133
s 78 sb 160 sb 97
s 69 spfc 133  70
 186 sp 307
 107 sppsd 282 w
 249 spss 161  308
hh 231 sscpb 12 -sd 88
gd 96 sspc 213 dspd 308
bs 104 ssd 282 sd 308
 96 s 20 hd 3
dr 133 snhss 283 hsd 1 70
 i 231 ssc 186 cs 308
 308
s T   88
s 124 gb 283 hh 61
scc 107 ds 27
scd 27 g 249 z
sc 231 hc 107 zh 187

344
For more than 75 years, BAN'S experts have
been helping students surpass their expectations on
standardized tests This book will help you expand
your English vocabulary and earn a high score on
the TOEFL.

t Incldes he TOEFL's 500 ms freqenly encnered wrds 

help y expand yr English vcablary
t Feaures a sample pracice reading es wih answer key  help
y assess yr masery f TOEFL vcablary
t Prvides advice n geing he ms  f yr dicinary and
hesars
t Cnains pracical sraegies  help y learn and reain wrd
meanings
t Exensive voablary pracice exercises help es yr wrd
knwledge

GREEN.
Ped n otill eled pope
Full reyclable