Calculus

Calculus is the branch of mathematics that studies changes and their

relationships. It has two main branches: differential calculus and integral
calculus.
by Pawan Kumar
Introduction to Calculus
1 2 3
Foundations Real-world Versatile
We start with the concept of Applications Many fields rely on calculus,
limits and work towards Calculus is a vital tool to including engineering,
finding derivatives and analyse real-world physics, economics and
integrals. phenomena such as motion statistics.
and fluid flow.
Differentiation
1 Definition
Differentiation is the process
of finding the derivative of a
function.
3 Techniques
We use rules like the power
rule, product rule, and chain
rule to differentiate functions.
2 Notation
The notation for the
derivative of a function f(x) is
f'(x) or df/dx. It measures the
rate of change of f(x) with
respect to x.
4 Applications
Differentiation has several
practical applications such as
optimisation and curvature
calculation.
Applications of Differentiation

Optimisation Curve Sketching Economics

Differentiation helps us maximize Using differentiation, we can In economics, differential calculus
or minimize functions that determine the properties of a is used to analyze marginal
represent real-life scenarios, such function, like its extrema, changes in cost, revenue, and
as the shape of a roller coaster. inflections and asymptotes. profit.
Integration
Definition
Integration is the process of
finding an antiderivative or
finding the area under a
curve.
Techniques
We use integration by
substitution, integration by
parts, and partial fractions to
integrate functions.
Applications
Integration is used in
engineering, physics, and
statistics to calculate work
done, volumetric flow, and
probability density functions,
respectively.
Applications of Integration
Centre of Mass
We can use integration to find the centre
of mass of a solid.
1 Area and Volume
Integration helps us calculate the area of
2 irregular shapes and the volume of
complex solids.
3 Differential Equations
Integration is a key tool in solving
differential equations, which are used to
describe many natural phenomena.
Differential Equations

Electric Circuits Economics Climate Change

Differential equations are used to Economic models use differential Differential equations are used to
model the behaviour of electronic equations to study demographic model the complex system of
circuits and analyze their trends, stock prices, and market interactions between the different
properties. demand. components of the Earth's
climate system.
Conclusion
Calculus is a fascinating and essential branch of mathematics that has transformed our understanding of
the world around us. Whether you're calculating the velocity of a falling object, designing a bridge, or
analyzing the stock market, calculus is an indispensable tool that helps us make sense of complex
phenomena.