Computer Organization and Architecture, 9th Edition, by William Stallings

COMPUTER ORGANIZATION AND

ARCHITECTURE 9TH EDITION
WILLIAM STALLINGS

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CHAPTER 6: EXTERNAL MEMORY

TRUE OR FALSE

T F 1. Magnetic disks are the foundation of external memory on virtually

all computer systems.

T F 2. During a read or write operation, the head rotates while the

platter beneath it stays stationary.

T F 3. The width of a track is double that of the head.

T F 4. There are typically hundreds of sectors per track and they may be
either fixed or variable lengths.

T F 5. A bit near the center of a rotating disk travels past a fixed point
slower than a bit on the outside.

T F 6. The disadvantage of using CAV is that individual blocks of data can

only be directly addressed by track and sector.

T F 7. A removable disk can be removed and replaced with another disk.

T F 8. The head must generate or sense an electromagnetic field of

sufficient magnitude to write and read properly.
Computer Organization and Architecture, 9th Edition, by William Stallings

T F 9. The transfer time to or from the disk does not depend on the
rotation speed of the disk.

T F 10. RAID is a set of physical disk drives viewed by the operating

system as a single logical drive.

T F 11. RAID level 0 is not a true member of the RAID family because it
does not include redundancy to improve performance.

T F 12. Because data are striped in very small strips, RAID 3 cannot
achieve very high data transfer rates.

T F 13. The SSDs now on the market use a type of semiconductor memory
referred to as flash memory.

T F 14. SSD performance has a tendency to speed up as the device is used.

T F 15. Flash memory becomes unusable after a certain number of writes.

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. Greater ability to withstand shock and damage, improvement in the

uniformity of the magnet film surface to increase disk reliability, and a
significant reduction in overall surface defects to help reduce read-write
errors, are all benefits of ___________.

A. magnetic read and write mechanisms

B. platters

C. the glass substrate

D. a solid state drive

2. Adjacent tracks are separated by _________.

A. sectors B. gaps

C. pits D. heads
Computer Organization and Architecture, 9th Edition, by William Stallings

3. Data are transferred to and from the disk in __________.

A. tracks B. gaps

C. sectors D. pits

4. In most contemporary systems fixed-length sectors are used, with _________

bytes being the nearly universal sector size.

A. 64 B. 128

C. 256 D. 512

5. Scanning information at the same rate by rotating the disk at a fixed speed is
known as the _________.

A. constant angular velocity B. magnetoresistive

C. rotational delay D. constant linear velocity

6. The disadvantage of _________ is that the amount of data that can be stored on
the long outer tracks is only the same as what can be stored on the short
inner tracks.

A. SSD B. CAV

C. ROM D. CLV

7. A __________ disk is permanently mounted in the disk drive, such as the hard
disk in a personal computer.

A. nonremovable B. movable-head

C. double sided D. removable

8. When the magnetizable coating is applied to both sides of the platter the disk
is then referred to as _________.

A. multiple sided B. substrate

C. double sided D. all of the above

Computer Organization and Architecture, 9th Edition, by William Stallings

9. The set of all the tracks in the same relative position on the platter is referred
to as a _________.

A. floppy disk B. single-sided disk

C. sector D. cylinder

10. The sum of the seek time and the rotational delay equals the _________, which
is the time it takes to get into position to read or write.

A. access time B. gap time

C. transfer time D. constant angular velocity

11. __________ is the standardized scheme for multiple-disk database design.

A. RAID B. CAV

C. CLV D. SSD

12. RAID level ________ has the highest disk overhead of all RAID types.

A. 0 B. 1

C. 3 D. 5

13. A _________ is a high-definition video disk that can store 25 Gbytes on a single
layer on a single side.

A. DVD B. DVD-R

C. DVD-RW D. Blu-ray DVD

14. ________ is when the disk rotates more slowly for accesses near the outer edge
than for those near the center.

A. Constant angular velocity (CAV) B. Magnetoresistive

C. Constant linear velocity (CLV) D. Seek time

15. The areas between pits are called _________.

A. lands B. sectors
Computer Organization and Architecture, 9th Edition, by William Stallings

C. cylinders D. strips

SHORT ANSWER

1. A __________ is a circular platter constructed of nonmagnetic material, called

the substrate, coated with a magnetizable material.

2. Data are recorded on and later retrieved from the disk via a conducting coil
named the _________.

3. Data is organized on the platter in a concentric set of rings called ________.

4. To increase density in a straightforward CAV system, modern hard disk

systems use a technique known as __________, in which the surface is divided
into a number of concentric zones.

5. In a _________ disk there is one read-write head per track and all of the heads
are mounted on a rigid arm that extends across all tracks.

6. In a __________ disk there is only one read-write head mounted on an arm that
can be extended or retracted to be able to be positioned above any track.

7. The _________ disk is a small, flexible platter and the least expensive type of
disk.

8. __________ heads are used in sealed drive assemblies that are almost free of
contaminants and the head is actually an aerodynamic foil that rests lightly
on the platter’s surface when the disk is motionless.

9. On a movable-head system, the time it takes to position the head at the track
is known as __________.

10. The time required to move the disk arm to the required track is the __________.

11. The _________ strategy employs multiple disk drives and distributes data in
such a way as to enable simultaneous access to data from multiple drives,
thereby improving I/O performance and allowing easier incremental
increases in capacity.

12. RAID levels 2 and 3 make use of a _________ access technique in which all
member disks participate in the execution of every I/O request.
Computer Organization and Architecture, 9th Edition, by William Stallings

13. A _________ drive is a memory device made with solid-state components that
can be used as a replacement to a hard disk drive.

14. The typical recording technique used in serial tapes is referred to as _________
recording.

15. RAID levels 4 through 6 make use of an __________ access technique that
allows separate I/O requests to be satisfied in parallel.

CHAPTER 6: EXTERNAL MEMORY

TRUE OR FALSE

1. T
2. F
3. F
4. T
5. T
6. F
7. T
8. T
9. F
10. T
11. T
12. F
13. T
14. F
15. T

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. C
2. B
3. C
4. D
Computer Organization and Architecture, 9th Edition, by William Stallings

5. A
6. B
7. A
8. C
9. D
10. A
11. A
12. B
13. D
14. C
15. A

SHORT ANSWER

1. disk
2. head
3. tracks
4. multiple zone recording
5. fixed-head
6. movable-head
7. floppy
8. Winchester
9. seek time
10. rotational delay (rotational latency)
11. RAID
12. parallel
13. solid state
14. serpentine
15. independent