Test Bank for Nutrition and You Core Concepts for Good

Health MyPlate Edition 1st Edition Blake 0321897234

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Nutrition and You: Core Concepts, MyPlate Ed. (Blake)
Concept 6 Digestion

1) Hydrochloric acid is produced in the small intestine.

Answer: FALSE
Page Ref: 6-5

2) If you eat slowly, you may find that you belch less frequently.
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 6-12

3) The only treatment for celiac disease is a gluten-free diet.

Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 6-11

4) Gluten is found in wheat, barley, corn, and rice.

Answer: FALSE
Page Ref: 6-11

5) Your body is very efficient and absorbs over 90 percent of the nutrients in your food.
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 6-3

6) Constipation can be due to a low-liquid, low-fiber diet.

Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 6-12

7) Diarrhea can be caused by contaminated water, stress, or excessive fiber intake.

Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 6-13

8) Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a disorder of the small intestine.

Answer: FALSE
Page Ref: 6-13

9) Mechanical digestion involves the mixing of food with enzymes and gastric juices.
Answer: FALSE
Page Ref: 6-2

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10) Rumbling of the stomach is due to trapped gas and air pockets that are formed as the stomach
contents are pushed from the stomach through the gastrointestinal tract.
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 6-12

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11) Foods high in protein, fat, or fiber exit the stomach more slowly than carbohydrates or low-
calorie foods.
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 6-5

12) The correct route for food to travel down the gastrointestinal tract is down the larynx to the
trachea.
Answer: FALSE
Page Ref: 6-4

13) Transit time in the large intestine can take 12 to 70 hours.

Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 6-7

14) The epiglottis is a small flap that closes off your larynx during swallowing.
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 6-4

15) Approximately one cup of chyme is released into the small intestine every 30 seconds during
digestion.
Answer: FALSE
Page Ref: 6-5

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Match the organ to its function.

A) separates the stomach from the small intestine

B) where most digestion and absorption occurs
C) passes food to the stomach
D) produces hydrochloric acid (HCl)
E) responsible for absorption of water
F) produces most digestive enzymes

16) Esophagus
Page Ref: 6-5 to 6-8

17) Stomach
Page Ref: 6-5 to 6-8

18) Small intestine

Page Ref: 6-5 to 6-8

19) Large intestine

Page Ref: 6-5 to 6-8

20) Pyloric sphincter

Page Ref: 6-5 to 6-8

21) Pancreas
Page Ref: 6-5 to 6-8

Answers: 16) C 17) D 18) B 19) E 20) A 21) F

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Match the common digestive disorder to its definition.

A) immune system response to gluten can cause malabsorption

B) frequent, loose, watery stools
C) crystals form from abnormally thick bile
D) inflammation of the stomach caused by a virus
E) erosion of stomach lining
F) hypersensitivity to stimuli in the large intestine

22) Peptic ulcer

Page Ref: 6-10 to 6-13

23) Gallstones
Page Ref: 6-10 to 6-13

24) Gastroenteritis
Page Ref: 6-10 to 6-13

25) Celiac disease

Page Ref: 6-10 to 6-13

26) Irritable bowel syndrome

Page Ref: 6-10 to 6-13

27) Diarrhea
Page Ref: 6-10 to 6-13

Answers: 22) E 23) C 24) D 25) A 26) F 27) B

28) The sphincter muscle between the stomach and the small intestine is the
A) ileocecal sphincter.
B) lower esophageal sphincter.
C) upper sphincter.
D) pyloric sphincter.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 6-5

29) What can occur when the epiglottis doesn't work properly?
A) hiccups
B) choking
C) swallowing
D) coughing
Answer: B
Page Ref: 6-4 to 6-5

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30) The majority of digestion occurs in the
A) mouth.
B) stomach.
C) small intestine.
D) large intestine.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 6-4

31) Most digestive enzymes come from the

A) pancreas.
B) liver.
C) stomach.
D) gallbladder.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 6-7

32) Tom has been recently diagnosed with celiac disease. Which of the following should he
NOT eat?
A) broccoli
B) eggs
C) pasta
D) milk
Answer: C
Page Ref: 6-11

33) The ________ produces bile and the ________ stores it.
A) pancreas; bladder
B) gallbladder; pancreas
C) gallbladder; liver
D) liver; gallbladder
Answer: D
Page Ref: 6-7

34) Which of the following is the rhythmic motion that moves food though the digestive system?
A) bolus
B) peristalsis
C) gastroesophageal reflux
D) absorption
Answer: B
Page Ref: 6-2

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35) All of the following are part of mechanical digestion EXCEPT
A) hydrochloric acid.
B) chewing.
C) grinding.
D) peristalsis.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 6-2

36) You have been diagnosed with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Which of the
following foods should you avoid to prevent backflow of stomach acids into the esophagus?
A) pasta
B) eggs
C) steak
D) coffee
Answer: D
Page Ref: 6-10

37) All of the following are true regarding the small intestine EXCEPT
A) it contains villi.
B) its main role is to absorb water.
C) it secretes digestive enzymes.
D) it absorbs most nutrients.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 6-5 to 6-6

38) Bile aids in the digestion of ________ by acting as a(n) ________.

A) carbohydrates; enzyme
B) protein; acid
C) fat; emulsifier
D) alcohol; nutrient
Answer: C
Page Ref: 6-7

39) Sodium bicarbonate is secreted by the ________ and functions to ________.

A) pancreas; raise pH and neutralize stomach acid
B) gallbladder; dissolve fat
C) liver; regulate digestive activity and increase peristalsis
D) stomach; activate enzymes that begin protein digestion
Answer: A
Page Ref: 6-7 to 6-8

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40) After picking up nutrients absorbed through the lining of the small intestine, the blood
transports the nutrients to the ________, where they are then delivered to the cells of the body.
A) gallbladder
B) stomach
C) kidneys
D) liver
Answer: D
Page Ref: 6-9

41) The blood brings water and waste products that it has removed from cells to the ________
for excretion from the body.
A) large intestine
B) kidneys
C) heart
D) small intestine
Answer: B
Page Ref: 6-9

42) A thick, slippery secretion of ________ forms a protective layer, preventing the destruction
of the stomach lining from strong digestive juices.
A) mucus
B) pepsin
C) hydrochloric acid
D) bicarbonate
Answer: A
Page Ref: 6-5

43) Which of the following is true of the small intestine?

A) The small intestine absorbs water and most minerals.
B) The small intestine does not play a significant role in the digestion of carbohydrates, proteins,
or fats.
C) The small intestine has unique, circular folds and villi to increase its absorptive surface.
D) The small intestine secretes pepsin and hydrochloric acid to aid in digestion.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 6-5 to 6-6

44) The ________ system helps us make decisions regarding when to eat and when to stop.
A) circulatory
B) skeletal
C) lymphatic
D) nervous
Answer: D
Page Ref: 6-9

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45) ________ is the breaking down of food into its smallest components; ________ is the
transferring of nutrients into the circulatory and lymph systems.
A) Absorption; digestion
B) Digestion; absorption
C) Peristalsis; absorption
D) Diarrhea; peristalsis
Answer: B
Page Ref: 6-2

46) What is the first part of the gastrointestinal tract?

A) mouth
B) stomach
C) esophagus
D) small intestine
Answer: A
Page Ref: 6-3

47) Heartburn occurs when there is improper relaxation of the ________, which allows the
stomach acid to move back up to the esophagus.
A) pyloric sphincter
B) ileocecal sphincter
C) upper esophageal sphincter
D) lower esophageal sphincter
Answer: D
Page Ref: 6-5

48) In the large intestine, chemical digestion takes place due to the efforts of
A) helpful bacteria.
B) enzymes.
C) bile.
D) hydrochloric acid.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 6-7

49) What is chyme?

A) the remaining digested food matter stored in the rectum awaiting excretion
B) a protein-digesting enzyme that is produced in the stomach
C) a swallowed bolus of food that has mixed with digestive juices in the stomach
D) a thick secretion that is produced in the stomach to protect the lining from irritation or
damage
Answer: C
Page Ref: 6-5

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50) You pass a bakery and smell the freshly baked bread cooling. This stimulates your
________, or psychological desire for food.
A) peristalsis
B) thirst
C) hunger
D) appetite
Answer: D
Page Ref: 6-3

51) Feeling weak or light-headed could indicate ________, or a physical need for food and fluid.
A) appetite
B) hunger
C) malabsorption
D) irritable bowel syndrome
Answer: B
Page Ref: 6-3

52) Which of the following is NOT a function of the liver?

A) processes alcohol
B) stores glycogen
C) produces insulin
D) produces bile
Answer: C
Page Ref: 6-7

53) Which of the following foods leaves the stomach first?

A) carbohydrates
B) fats
C) protein
D) fiber
Answer: A
Page Ref: 6-5

54) A sore or break in the stomach lining caused by drugs, alcohol, or a bacterium is called
A) gastroenteritis.
B) a peptic ulcer.
C) gallstones.
D) heartburn.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 6-12

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55) Those with celiac disease have been shown to experience
A) an increased risk of stomach cancer.
B) improvement in symptoms when wheat and barley are consumed.
C) symptoms only as children.
D) seizures due to inadequate absorption of certain vitamins and minerals.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 6-11

56) Which is the largest abdominal organ in the body?

A) kidneys
B) liver
C) small intestine
D) large intestine
Answer: B
Page Ref: 6-7

57) Kim is constipated and asks for advice from her physician. Which of the following would
NOT be appropriate advice to relieve constipation?
A) drink less fluids
B) exercise more
C) eat more fiber-rich foods
D) use a stool softener
Answer: A
Page Ref: 6-12

58) Describe the pathway through the different areas of the digestive tract that food takes from
start to finish.
Answer: mouth → esophagus → stomach → small intestine → large intestine → rectum → anus
Page Ref: 6-4

59) Discuss dietary, lifestyle, and medical treatments for gastroesophageal reflux disease
(GERD).
Answer: Answers will vary but should include limiting certain foods, including chocolate, fried
or fatty foods, coffee, soda, onions, and garlic; curbing lifestyle behaviors such as smoking
cigarettes, drinking alcohol, wearing tight-fitting clothes, being overweight or obese, eating large
evening meals, and reclining after eating; and medical treatments such as over-the-counter
antacids, prescription drugs, or surgery.
Page Ref: 6-10

60) Describe the foods allowed and not allowed on a gluten-free diet.
Answer: Answers will vary but should include avoiding any gluten-containing foods such as
wheat, oats, barley, and rye. Naturally gluten-free foods, such as meats, beans, milk, eggs, fruits,
vegetables, rice, and corn, are allowed.
Page Ref: 6-11

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