Polyhedra

Plane surfaces
Types
Sphere of Cylinder
solids
Double curved
surface
Cone Single curved
surfaces
Tangent
Intersecting

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 INTERSECTIONS

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 CYLINDER
Cylinder are often machined to form plane or other types of
surfaces.
Cylinder with planar
• Normal surface; surface cut away

• Inclined surface;
Cylinder is cut by an
inclined plane →
• Intersections of Cylinders. elliptical surface on
cylinder

Intersections of Cylinders

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 CYLINDER WHEN SLICE
Example: add the left-side view

The cylinder has two portions that

are removed:
• Top – Left;
• Middle - Bottom.

Project the left-side view?

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 CYLINDER WHEN SLICE

• Lightly sketch for cylinder

• Lightly sketch for the portion
that is removed:
A suitable solution?
Yes!

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 CYLINDER WHEN SLICE

If the cylinder is cut by an

inclined plane:
A suitable solution?
NO!
The inclined surface is
bounded by an ellipse

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 CYLINDERS WHEN SLICED

❖ If cylinder is cut by a normal

surface parallel to the axis of
the cylinder
➢ Thenormal surface is bounded
by a rectangle
The normal surface appears true shape in the view where the line
of sight is perpendicular to the surface
In the two other views that normal surface appears on
edge.

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 CYLINDERS WHEN SLICED
❖ If cylinder is cut by a
surface inclined to the axis
of the cylinder
➢ The inclined surface is
bounded by an ellipse
This ellipse will appear as a circle in the
view where the line of sight is parallel
to the axis of cylinder,
as a straight line in the view where the line of sight is
parallel to that ellipse, and as an ellipse in the adjoining view.
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 CYLINDERS WHEN SLICED

❖ If cylinder is cut by a normal

surface perpendicular to the
axis of the cylinder
➢ The normal surface is bounded
by a circle

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 CYLINDERS WHEN SLICED
Example:
The cylinder is cut by an
inclined surface;
The inclined surface is bounded
by an ellipse!
This ellipse appears as a straight
line in the front view, and as an arc
in the top view.

This ellipse appears as an

ellipse in the left-side view.

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 1.1

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 1.2

Just lightly sketch for

the holes (not
intersections)
Rule: larger hole first,
then smaller one
• Cylindrical hole
• Rectangular hole

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 1.3
1 1
4 ≡3 4 3
2 ?
2

2 1

13
3
Chapter 4 - ORTHOGRAPHIC DRAWING - INTERSECTIONS
 1.3

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 INTERSECTIONS OF CYLINDERS
❖ A small cylinder intersecting a large cylinder

Curve

This curve appears as a circle in the front view,

as an arc in two other views.

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 1.5

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 1.6
❖ When the cylinders are the
same diametter

➢ Their intersections
are ellipses

These ellipses appear as straight lines in the adjoining view .

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 INTERSECTIONS

Cylinders when sliced Intersections of cylinders

If cylinder is cut by a normal surface A small cylinder intersecting a

parallel to the axis of the cylinder→ large cylinder → curve
rectangle

If cylinder is cut by a surface inclined When the cylinders are the same
to the axis of the cylinder→ ellipse diametter→ ellipses (appear as
straight lines in the adjoining
view)
If cylinder is cut by a normal surface
perpendicular to the axis of the
cylinder→ circle

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 EXERCISE
35

16
24
50

50

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