ellipse

Conical
parabola
curves

hyperbola

cycloid

Cycloidal
N

epicycloid
curves
DEFINITIO
Special curves

hypocycloid

archimedean

involute Helices
&spiral

helix
CONICAL CURVES: These are curves (closed or open) that ARISE from the
truncation of a CONE. They are define technically based on their
ECCENTRICITIES. Eccentricity is a ratio of Focus to Vertex and Directrix to Vertex.
MATHEMATICALLY written as shown below
E = FV:DV = FV/ DV. Thus Ellipse is a Conical Curve with E < 1. Parabola is a
Conical Curve with E = 1, Hyperbola is a Conical Curve with E > 1.
Parabola is a Curve that is described mathematically with a Quadratic Equation. Also
an equation of an Ellipse is also their Mathematically. And Hyperbola too also have its
own formula. Their Essence is come up with Concave or Convex Meniscus optical
Instruments. Telescope, Microscope, Windscreen of a Car, Car Head Lamps and
Touch light bulb casing.

CYCLOIDAL CURVES: These are curves that ARISE from the motion of ROLLING
CIRCLE on different Surfaces. CYCLOID (AKA LINEAR CYCLOID) is a curve
gotten from a Circle ROLLING on a straight line. EPICYCLOID is a Curve gotten
from a circle rolling ON a directing surface. HYPOCYCLOID is a Curve gotten from
a circle rolling UNDER a directing surface.

PRACTICAL CONSTRUCTION OF THE CONICAL CURVES:- Concentric Circles

method. Major and Minor axis method, Focus-Directrix Method.
INTERPENETRATION (INTERSECTION)
OF CYLINDERICAL PRISMS
CONSTRUCTION OF TANGENT TO AN ELLIPS
(INTERSECTION)

A B
F1 F2

D
 REVISION OF FIRST TERM WORKS
WEEK 1, 2, 3 Locus, Loci, definition of special curves, properties of
special Curves, Helix, Pitch, Square Helix, Trochoid.
WEEK 1, 2, 3 Wavy and Zig-zag line uses. Epicycloid, Hypocycloid.
Cycloid inclined to a line, number of revolutions
WEEK 4 Link Mechanism, Types of link Mechanism, Constructing
loci of points
WEEK 6, 7, 8 True shape of Section, Solids prisms after truncation.
Intersection (aka Interpenetration). Various LINES of
WEEK 9, 10
intersection of solids. E.g. for Cylinders of the same or
different SIZES with different ANGLE of inclination
WEEK 11 Review of All work done! Question And answer sections
SECOND TERM
BEGINS
HERE
2023
 PERSPECTIVE DRAWING

DEFINITION

TYPES
PROPERTIES

DRAWINGS
DEFINITION:- This is a type of PICTORIAL Drawing is seems or PERCEIVED
as if it was emanating from a VANISHING POINT as seen by the EYE of the
Observer.
TYPES:- There are many types of PERSPECTIVE Drawing but we will narrow
it down to (i) ONE-POINT PERSPECTIVE (ii) TWO-POINTS PERSPECTIVE

PROPERTIES OF PERSPECTIVE DRAWING:- (i) Picture Plane (ii) Horizon

(iii) Vanishing Point(s) (iv) Eye-Level (v) Converging lines.
PERSPECTIVE DRAWING OF A STAIR CASE
 55

85

35

60
 PERSPECTIVE DRAWING OF A CYLINDER
VISIT PAGE 341/738 ENGR DRAWING BY N.D.
BHATT
 INTRODUCTION TO (CAD)
COMPUTER-AIDED-DRAWING
ENVIRONMENT
It has two environment use for drawing viz:-
2-D and 3-D environment.
The 2-D environment is simply the paper
environment the draughtsmen use for
drawing. The 3-D environment is the modeling
environment.
TOOLS:- Drawing tools and Editing tools.
DRAWING:- Drawing block Isometrically
on a 2-D environment. Drawing block on a
3-D environment.
REVISION OF FIRST TERM WORKS