mß.

Klfha w;S; l:dj

fidh.;a mqoa.,hd$
j¾Ih WmlrKh$;dCIKh mqoa.,hska$wdh;kh úfYaI;ajh$yelshdjka

- wenlih^Abacus& Ök cd;slhska .Ks; l¾u myiq lr .ekSu i|yd

fhdod.kakd ,os
1617 we;ao< ;Sre fcdaka fkamsh¾^John ixLHd .=K lsÍu i|yd ,>q.Kl
^Napier's Bones& Napier& Ndú;d lsÍu
1632 i¾mK rE, ^Slide Ruler& ú,shï ´.ag%â^William .=K lsÍu iy fnoSu
Oughtred&
1642 wdl,k hka;%h$meiald,hska íf,aia meial,a ^Blaise tl;= lsrSu iy wvq lsrSu
^Adding Machine/Pascaline& Pascal&
1674 iafgma frlk^¾& f.dâ*s%â ú,afy,aï tl;= lsrSu" wvq lsrSu" jeä lsÍu iy
^Step Reckoner& ^Gottfried Wilhelm& fnoSu
1801 fros úhk hka;%h fcdaIma cel=jdâ frosj, úúOdldrfha rgd ks¾udKh
^Mechanical Loom& ^Joseph Jacquard& lsÍu i|yd isÿre lrk ,o ldâm;a
^Punch Card& Ndú;d lsÍu
1822 â*rkaia tkacska pd,aia nefíca Polynomial Functions j.= .; lsrSu
^Difference Engine& ^Charles Babbage& i|yd ks¾udKh lrk ,os'
1833 wek,sál,a tkacska pd,aia nefíca idudkH lghq;= i|yd Ndú;d lsÍug
^Analytical Engine& ^Charles Babbage& ks¾udKh lrk ,o m<uq hdka;%sl
mß.Klhhs'
^The first mechanical general purpose
computer&
1890 Tabulating Machine y¾uka fyd,ß;a Punch Card ;dCIKh Ndú;d lsÍu
Herman Hollerith
1944 Automatic Sequence fydjd¾â thslka tl;= lsrSu" wvq lsrSu" jeä lsÍu iy
Controlled Calculator Howard Aiken fnoSu'
(Mark 1) o;a; we;=¨ lsÍu - h;=re ,shkh
m%;sodkh - isÿre m;a
1942 Atanasoff Berry fcdaka fjdka f¾Çh iólrK^Linear Equations&
Computer(ABC) wegkdfid*a" la,s*¾â úi|Su iïnkaO moaO;s i|yd
fnß fhdod.kakd ,os'
John Vincent
Atanasoff, Clifford
Berry
1945 ;ekam;a lrkq ,nk fcdaka fjdka kshqudka hka;%fha fN!;sl fjkialï isÿ fkdlr
jevigyka ixl,amh ^John Von Neumann& ;ekam;a lrkq ,nk jevigyka
Stored-Program Concept wdY%fhka tla mß.Klhla u.ska úúO
ld¾Hhka lr.; yelsùu'
1946 tkshela ^ENIAC& -
Electronic Numerical
Integrator And Computer
1950 hqksjela 1 ^UNIVAC 1&
Universal Automatic
fmkais,afõkshd f,dj m%:u úoHq;a ixLHdxl
úYajúoHd,fha úoHq;a mß.Klhs' rsla;l k<^Vacuum
bxcsfkare wxYh jQ Tubes& 18000la muK fhdod .kakd
uQ¾ mdi, ,os'
frñx.agka rEkaâ ;;amrhla ;=< .Kkh lsÍï 10000
wdh;kh la muK l,yels úh'

Calculator 1 ^Remington Rand

Company&
1957 IBM 704 IBM wdh;kh ;;amrhla ;=< .Kkh lsÍï 100000
International Business la muK l,yels úh'

Machine Corporation
1956 g%dkaisiagrh ^Transistor& ú,shï fIdlaf,a" fcdkS g%dkaisiagrh fidhd .ekSu;a iu.
ndãka" fjda,ag¾ mrs.Klfhys fojk mrïmrdj wdrïN
n%efÜka ^William úh' fuu mß.Kl ;;amrhla ;=<
Shockley, John .Kkh lsÍï 200000 ;a 250000 ;a
Bardeen, Walter w;r m%udKhla bgq lsÍug iu;a úh'

Brattain &

Analytical Engine –
Input device – punch card
Output device – printer, curve plotter and a bell
Store – punch card (16KB memory)
ALU - +, -, /, * and comparison and square root
Ada Augusta Lovelace – The first computer programmer who made the programs for this machine.
ASCC (Mark 1) –
A general purpose electro mechanical computer and was the first operating machine that could
execute long computations automatically built by IBM.
ABC –
The machine was not programmable and its special-purpose nature and lack of a changeable and
stored program distinguish it from modern computers.
ENIAC –
This was the first electronic general-purpose computer. It was Turing-complete, digital, and capable
of being reprogrammed to solve a full range of computing problems.
Calculation Speed – 5000 calculations per a second

It contained 17,468 vacuum tubes, 7,200 crystal diodes, 1,500 relays, 70,000 resistors, and
10,000capacitors. It weighed more than 30 short tons (27 t), was roughly 8 by 3 by 100 feet (2.4 m ×
0.9 m × 30 m), took up 1800 square feet (167 m2), and consumed 150 kW of power