LESSON 13

GIỚI TỪ

I. VỊ TRÍ CỦA GIỚI TỪ

VỊ TRÍ VÍ DỤ

 THE BOOK IS ON THE TABLE. = Quyển sách ở

- Sau TO BE, trước danh từ trên bàn.
 YESTERDAY, HE WAS IN MY HOUSE. = Hôm qua,
anh ấy đã ở nhà tôi.

 THE CAT IS UNDER THE TABLE. = Con mèo ở

dưới bàn.
- Sau động từ: Có thể liền sau động từ, có  THEY WORK IN HA NOI = Họ làm việc ở Hà Nội.
thể bị 1 từ khác chen giữa động từ và giới  HE PICKED ME UP (from the airport) yesterday =
từ. Anh ấy đã đón tôi (từ sân bay) ngày hôm qua

 I’M NOT WORRIED ABOUT LIVING IN A

FOREIGN COUNTRY. = Tôi không lo lắng về việc
sống ở nước ngoài.
- Sau tính từ  HE IS NOT ANGRY WITH YOU. = Anh ấy không
giận bạn.
 SHE IS NOT AFRAID OF SNAKES. = Nó không sợ
rắn.

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 II. CÁC LOẠI GIỚI TỪ:

1. Giới từ chỉ thời gian

GIỚI TỪ CHỈ THỜI GIAN Ví dụ

 On Thursday
 In august, in the summer
On: ngày
 In 2021
In: tháng/ mùa, năm,the morning, the evening.  At night
At : night, weekend, thời gian cụ thể( giờ, phút,  At the weekend
giây)
 At 9.00pm
Since: 1 thời điểm trong quá khứ
 Since 1980
For: 1 quãng thời gian
 For 2 years
Ago: khoảng thời gian trong quá khứ
 3 years ago
Before: trước 1 khoảng thời gian
 Before 2000
After: sau 1 khoảng thời gian  After 2030
Until/ till: cho đến khi  He is on holiday until Friday
By  I’ll be back by 10 am
During: trong khoảng  During the 2010s , he was a
doctor

2. Giới từ chỉ vị trí:

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Giới từ Cách dùng Ví dụ
·   room, building, street, town, country ·   in the kitchen, in London

·   book, paper etc. ·   in the book

in
·   car, taxi ·   in the car, in a taxi

·   picture, world ·   in the picture, in the world

·   meaning next to, by an object ·   at the door, at the station

·   for table ·   at the table

at ·   for events ·   at a concert, at the party

·   vị trí mà bạn làm gì đó (watch a film, study, ·   at the cinema, at school,
work) at work
·   the picture on the wall
·   attached
·   London lies on the
·   for a place with a river
Thames.
·   being on a surface
·   on the table
on ·   for a certain side (left, right)
·   on the left
·   for a floor in a house
·   on the first floor
·   for public transport
·   on the bus, on a plane
·   for television, radio
·   on TV, on the radio
by, next
·   Jane is standing by / next
to, ·   bên phải của ai đó hoặc cái gì đó
to/beside the car.
beside
·   trên bề mặt thấp hơn (hoặc bị bao phủ bởi)
under ·   the bag is under the table
cái khác
·   the fish are below the
below ·   thấp hơn cái khác nhưng cao hơn mặt đất
surface
over ·   bị bao phủ bởi cái khác ·   put a jacket over your
shirt
·   nhiều hơn
·   over 16 years of age
·   vượt qua một cái gì đó
·   walk over the
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Giới từ Cách dùng Ví dụ
bridge

·   climb over the wall

above ·   vị trí cao hơn một cái gì đó ·   a path above the lake
·   vượt qua ·   walk across the bridge
across
·   băng qua về phía bên kia ·   swim across the lake
·   something with limits on top, bottom and
through ·   drive through the tunnel
the sides
·   movement to person or building ·   go to the cinema

to ·   movement to a place or country ·   go to London/ Ireland

·   for bed ·   go to bed

into ·   enter a room/ a building
·   movement in the direction of something
towards
(but not directly to it)
onto ·   movement to the top of something
from ·   in the sense of where from
, ·   go into the kitchen / the
house
·   go 5 steps towards the
house
·   jump onto the table
·   a flower from the garden

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3. Một số giới từ quan trọng:

Giới từ Cách sử dụng Ví dụ

from ·   who gave it ·   a present from Jane
·   who/what does it belong to ·   a page of the book
of
·   what does it show ·   the picture of a palace
by ·   who made it ·   a book by Mark Twain
·   walking or riding on horseback ·   on foot, on horseback
on
·   entering a public transport vehicle ·   get on the bus
in ·   entering a car/ Taxi ·   get in the car
off ·   leaving a public transport vehicle ·   get off the train
out of ·   leaving a car/ Taxi ·   get out of the taxi
·   rise or fall of something ·   prices have risen by 10 percent
by
·   travelling (other than walking or horseriding) ·   by car, by bus
at ·   for age ·   she learned Russian at 45
about ·   for topics, meaning what about ·   we were talking about you

4. Một số sai lầm khi sử dụng giới từ:

Ví dụ : 
Trước đó ta gặp: worry about: lo lắng về 
Suy luận từ cách dùng đã gặp trước đó
Lần sau gặp từ: discuss _____ (thảo luận về), ta suy
ra từ câu trên mà điền about vào, => sai.
Ví dụ:
Trước đó ta gặp: in the morning 
Không nhận ra là giới từ thay đổi vì thấy cùng
=> Khi gặp: ___ a cold winter morning, thấy
một danh từ:
morning nên chọn ngay in => sai (đúng phải dùng
on)

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 IV. BÀI TẬP VẬN DỤNG
Question 1. She was very surprised________ the grade she received.

A. at: về B. on C. of D. about
be surprised to V: bị ngạc nhiên vì làm điều gì

be surprised by: bị ngạc nhiên bởi điều gì

Question 2. We might need more food, depending____ how many people turn up.

A. for B. on C. at D. with
Question 3. Jane doesn't spend much money______ clothes.

A. over B. about C. at D. on
Question 4. She always takes good care_______ her children.

A. for B. in C. of D. with
Question 5. A sign warned motorists______ dangers.

A. of B. for C. about D. a and c

Question 6. They translated the letter ______ French.

A. for B. with C. into D. about

Question 7. I was disappointed________ the grade I received on my last essay.

A. for B. about C. to D. a and b

Question 8. The medical center is close ________ campus.

A. to B. for C. up D. with
close with: kí kết 1 hợp đồng, cbi choảng nhau, kết thúc 1 cái gì đó

close to: gần với: adjacent to = next to

close-up: ảnh cận cảnh

Question 9. We went there_______ car and stayed there for the whole day.

A. in B. on C. with D. by

Question 10. We started our journey ______ foot.

A. with B. by C. on D. in
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Question 11.He always prevents me_______ doing my duty.

A. of B. from C. with D. against

Question 12. I write letters _______ my right hand.

A. in B. by C. with D. at
Question 13. The war victims suffered terribly______ cold and hunger.

A. with B. from C. through D. of

Question 14. She is absent_______ class

A. at B. from C. to D. away
Question 15. It is very nice______ you to take so much trouble.

A. of B. to C. for D. from
Question 16. You may write________ pencil.

A. with B. by C. in D. on
write in pen/pencil/ink: các loại mực đc thể hiện trên giấy

write with a pen/pencil: viết bằng cgi => công cụ sử dụng

write on: viết lên cgi

Question 17. He congratulated me_______ winning the competition.

A. of B. on C. at D. about
Question 18. Remember me________ your parents.

A. to B. for C. with D. about

Question 19. Mr. Foster lives_____ 667E 76th street______ New York.

A. in/ in B. at/ in C. on/ in D. in/ on

Question 20. We reached______ her house safe and sound(bình an vô sự).

A. at B. to
C. with D. no word is needed
reach somewhere = arrive at = get in =turn up

Exercise 2

Question 1. He insisted______ taking us dinner.

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A. on B. in C. over D. of
Question 2. Do you believe_______ ghosts?

A. no preposition B. in C. on D. at
Question 3. Ed depends________ his family for financial support.

A. on B. in C. of D. at
Question 4. Ann looked______ the mirror and admired her new blouse.

A. in B. at C. on D. into
look in a mirror => nhìn vào gương và thấy mình

look at a mirror => nhìn thấy cái gương

1. Look after: chăm sóc trông coi ai đó

2. Look ahead: nhìn về phía trước, nhìn về tương lai

3. Look away: nhìn ra chỗ khác

4. Look back on: nghĩ lại về quá khứ

5. Look down on: coi thường ai

6. Look for: tìm kiếm gì đó

7. Look forward to + Ving: mong chờ

8. Look in: thăm viếng ai

9. Look into: xem xét, nghiên cứu

10. Look on: quan sát

11. Look out for: cẩn thận, coi chừng cái gì

12. Look over: xem xét, dò xét

13. Look at:

- Xem, nhìn cái gì

- Xem qua (để đưa ra ý kiến)

- Xem kỹ, kiểm tra

14. Look through: Xem qua

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17.look up: tra cứu

15. Look up to: tôn trong, kình trọng ai

16. To be looking up: trở nên tốt hơn hoặc cải thiện

Question 5. The new manager's name is familiar_____ most of us.

A. as B. from C. to D. with
(un)familiar to Someone
__________ with something
Question 6. Those books deal mainly_______ tropical plants.

A. with B. in C. for D. up
deal with:xử lý vđe gì đó, về vấn đề gì đó, chịu trách nhiệm về mảng gì đó

Question 7. _______ the game last evening, my cousin hurt his ankle.

A. For B. During C. Since D. From

Question 8. Water consists _____ oxygen and hydrogen.

A. about B. with C. on D. of
Question 9. There is an increasing demand_____ taller building in big cities.

A. with B. on C. for D. of
Question 10. Is the United States the wealthiest country______ the world?

A. of B. in C. for D. of
Question 11. When ______ Rome do as the Romans do. (idiom- nhập gia tuỳ tục)

A. with B. for C. in D. like

Question 12. This must be done ________ any price(=at all cost= by all means= bằng mọi giá-idiom).

A. for B. at C. in D. with
Question 13. Your request_______ a scholarship has been taken into account.

A. for B. in C. under D. into

Question 14. He succeeded________ getting a scholarship.

A. in B. about C. for D. on
Question 15. Mark Twain based the story______his experience in the West.

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A. on B. from C. in D. on
Question 16. I’m truly sorry _______ your son. I hope he will leave the hospital soon.

A. about B. at C. for D. from

Question 17. She was amazed _______ how calm she felt after the accident.

A. about B. at C. for D. from

Question 18. We're really bad _______ predicting future costs.

A. about B. at C. for D. from

Question 19. I try to keep meat separate _______ other food in the fridge.

A. about B. at C. for D. from

Question 20. She was very amused _______ your comments.

A. about B. for C. from D. at

Question 21. You're mad _______ walking home alone at this time of night.

A. about B. for C. from D. at

Question 22. Clearly we need to come to an arrangement that is acceptable _______ both parties.

A. to B. for C. on D. at
Question 23. Babies are curious _______ everything around them.

A. to B. for C. about D. at
Question 24. He's in a really foul temper so be careful _______ what you say to him.

A. to B. about C. from D. at
Question 25. We only deal _______ companies which have a good credit record.

A. to B. for C. with D. on
Question 26. For all our narrow-minded talk of honor, we are careless _______ our children's safety

A. about B. with C. on D. from

Question 27. I'm a bit confused _______ the arrangement for tonight - what time are we meeting?

A. about B. with C. on D. at
Question 28. He was annoyed _______ the way she tried to take over the whole meeting.

A. for B. on C. with D. at
Question 29. He's really angry _______ me for upsetting Sophie.

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A. at B. on C. for D. from
Question 30. The teacher is doubtful _______ having parents working as classroom assistants.

A. from B. about C. on D. at
Question 31. They don't believe _______ living together before marriage.

A. from B. for C. to D. in
Question 32. It's important to protect your skin _______ the harmful effects of the sun.

A. from B. on C. to D. at
Question 33. He's addicted _______ coffee and cannot do anything in the morning until he's had some.

A. from B. on C. to D. at
Question 34. He could see that the road ahead _______ him was clear.

A. from B. on C. of D. for
Question 35. Maria was so involved _______ her work that she didn’t hear me come in.

A. from B. at C. to D. in
Question 36. The slow cooker is very useful _______ people who go out all day.

A. about B. for C. in D. at
Question 37. Were you aware _______ the risks at the time?

A. from B. of C. to D. in
Question 38. I've always been afraid _______ flying.

A. of B. on C. to D. at
Question 39. A diet deficient _______ vitamin D may cause the disease rickets.

A. for B. on C. to D. in
Question 40. Breathing in other people's cigarette smoke is bad _______ you.

A. for B. on C. to D. at
Question 41. She was quick _______ understanding what we wanted her to do.

A. from B. on C. to D. at
Question 42. Our neighbors have always been very friendly _______ us.

A. from B. on C. to D. at
Question 43. But to be brilliant _______ it, I have to work hard at it, and I don't actually like it.

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A. from B. on C. to D. at
Question 44. There's no money available _______ an office party this year.

A. from B. on C. for D. at
Question 45. If we lose the case we may be liable _______ the costs of the whole trial.

A. for B. on C. to D. at
Question 46. You'll be late _______ your flight if you don't hurry up.

A. for B. on C. to D. at
Question 47. Trains may be subject to delay - we apologize _______ any inconvenience caused.

A. for B. on C. to D. at
Question 48. Contrary _______ all our expectations, he found a well-paid job and a nice girlfriend.

A. from B. on C. to D. at
Question 49. He didn't seem very interested _______ what I was saying.

A. in B. on C. to D. at
Question 50. He became internationally famous _______ his novels.

A. for B. from C. as D. in

V. HOMEWORK
Exercise 1:

Question 1. Washington State is famous its apples.

A. in B. for C. of D. with
Question 2. Was your choice of research topic acceptable your instructor.

A. for B. to C. on D. upon
Question 3. People who are afraid heights are called acrophobes.

A. of B. on C. in D. to
Question 4. Water is essential all life.

A. on B. for C. in D. with
Question 5. Were you aware the regulations against smoking in this area?

A. in B. with C. of D. about
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Question 6. Tepees are characteristic the Indian tribes of the Great Plants.

A. of B. upon C. from D. about

Question 7. Will this office be adequate your company's need?

A. on B. for C. to D. with
Question 8. I'm not familiar that song.

A. to B. of C. with D. about
Question 9. One meter is approximately equal a yard.

A. about B. on C. to D. with
Question 10. This movie is based a true story.

A. of B. at C. about D. on
Question 11. This summer, he will be eligible a three week vacation.

A. on B. about C. for D. to

Question 12. What he said is contrary common sense.

A. for B. about C. of D. to
Question 13. The art museum is located next the museum of natural history on State Street.

A. to B. for C. on D. with
Question 14. Many vegetables, including tomatoes, and corn, are native the New World.

A. for B. to C. about D. upon

Question 15. This style of architecture is typical the Colonial period.

A. of B. to C. about D. with
Question 16. Oxygen, fuel, and heat are all necessary combustion.

A. with B. for C. about D. in

Question 17. This apartment would be too crowded for two people, but it is perfect one

A. about B. with C. for D. to

Question 18. This variety of seed is inferior the type I planted last year.

A. with B. upon C. up D. to
Question 19. Thank you very much what you have done for me.

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A. of B. up C. for D. about
Question 20. Bluegrass music is somewhat different other types of country music.

A. from B. with C. for D. to

Question 21. He fell in the river but his friend saved him _______ drowning.

A. from B. with C. on D. at
Question 22. Richard succeeded _______ offending just about everybody in the room!

A. with B. at C. in D. to
Question 23. My brother always delights _______ telling me when I make a mistake.

A. with B. in C. on D. to
Question 24. This is something I am really serious _______ and want to take it all the way through.

A. with B. at C. on D. about
Question 25. Whooping cough is most dangerous _______ infants.

A. with B. in C. for D. to
Question 26. Is merely being present _______ the convention sufficient?

A. with B. at C. on D. to
Question 27. We need to find a compromise that is agreeable _______ both sides of the party.

A. with B. at C. on D. to
Question 28. Many students are worried _______ the coming exam.

A. about B. on C. from D. to
Question 29. She ought to be thoroughly ashamed _______ herself - talking to her mother like that!

A. with B. at C. on D. of
Question 30. Motor vehicles are prohibited _______ driving in the town centre.

A. from B. for C. to D. at

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