Solution Manual for Principles of Foundation

Engineering SI Edition 8th Edition Das

1305081560 9781305081567
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Chapter 7
qo B
7.1 Eq. (7.1): Se = A1 A2
Es

Df = 1.2 m; H = 3 m; B = 1.5 m; L = 3 m
H 3 L 3 Df 1.2
= = 2; = = 2; = = 0.8

B 1.5 B 1.5 B 1.5

Figure 7.1: A1  0.69; A2 = 0.95

(150)(1.5)
Se = (0.69)(0.95) = 0.246 m = 246 m
600

L 4.6 H 
7.2 m = = = 1.53; n = = =

B 3 B  1.5 
   
2  2 

Tables 7.2 and 7.3: F1 = 0.669; F2  0

1 −2 s 1 −(2)(0.3)
I =F + F = 0.669 + (0) = 0.669

1 − s
s 1 2
1 − 0.3

Df 2 B 3
= = 0.67; = = 0.652 . Table 7.4: If  0.785
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 
 B 3 L 4.6

1−  s
2
 1 − 0.32 
S = q (B) I I = (180)(4 1.5) (0.669)(0.785)
e o
Es s f  8500 

= 0.0607 m = 60.7 mm

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 1 − 2s
7.3 Eq. (7.4): S e = qo (B ) I I
Es s f

B 3
B = = = 1.5 m ; qo = 180 kN/m2; s = 0.3;  = 4
2 2

L 4.6 H 3
m = = = 1.53; n = = =2
B 3 B  3
   
2 2
   

Tables 7.2 and 7.3:

1 −2 s 1 −2 s
I =F + F = 0.292 + (0.085) = 0.34
s 1
1 − s
2
1 − s

Df 5 B
= = 1.67; = 0.652 . Table 7.4: If  0.62

B 3 L

 1− 0.32 
Se = (180)(4 1.5) (0.34)(0.62) = 0.024 m = 24 mm
 8500 

1 − 2s
7.4 Eqs. (7.4) and (7.12): Se = 0.93qo (B) II
Es s f

1.91 L 3.05 H 9.76

B = = 0.955 m; m = = = 1.6; n = = = 10.22

2 B 1.91 B 1.91
   
   
2  2 

Tables 7.2 and 7.3: F1 = 0.597; F2 = 0.025

1 −2 s 1 −(2)(0.3)
I =F + F = 0.597 + (0.025) = 0.611

1 − s 1 − 0.3
s 1 2

Df 0.76
D = 0.76 m; = = 0.4; B = 1.91 = 0.626 . Table 7.4: I  0.848
57
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 f f
B 1.91 L 3.05

 1.91 1− 0.3
2

S e = (0.93)(144) 4  (0.611)(0.848) = 0.0109 m = 10.9 mm
 2  22,080 
 

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 1 − 2s
7.5 Eqs. (7.4) and (7.12): S e = 0.93qo (B) II
Es s f
2.1 2.1 12
B = = 1.05 m; m = = 1; n = = 12.43

2 2.1  2.1 
 
 2 

Tables 7.2 and 7.3: F1  0.52; F2  0.01

1 −2 s 1 −(2)(0.4)
I =F + F = 0.52 + (0.01) = 0.523

1 − s 1 − 0.4
s 1 2

Df 1.5 B
 = 0.4; = = 0.71; = 1. Table 7.4: I  0.74
s f
B 2.1 L

 1− 0.42 
Se = (0.93)(230)(4 1.05)  (0.523)(0.74) = 0.0183 m = 18.3 mm
 16,000 

7.6 From Eq. (7.14) the equivalent diameter,

4BL (4)(2)(1)
Be = = = 1.56 m
 

qo = 190 kN/m2

Eo 9000
= = = 11.54
kBe (500)(1.56)

H = 2 = 1.28
Be 1.56

From Figure 7.6 for  = 11.54 and H/Be = 1.28, the value of IG = 0.68.

Eq. (7.18):

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 π 1
IF = +
4  
 fE
2t
 
3

4.6 + 10  
 Eo + Be k  Be 
 2 
π 1
= + = 0.788
4  
 15 106  (2)(0.23)  3
4.6 + 10 
1.56
 9000 +  1.56 (500) 

 
  2  

Eq. (7.19):

1
IE = 1−
 B 
3.5exp (1.22 s − 0.4) e + 1.6 
D
 f 
1
= 1− = 0.917
3.5exp[(1.22)(0.4) − 0.4] 1.56 + 1.6 
 
 1 

Eq. (7.17):

Se =
qo Be I G I F I E
Eo
(
1 − 2s = )
(190)(1.56)(0.68)(0.788)(0.917)
9000
(1 − 0.42 )

= 0.0136 m  13.6 mm

7.7 Eq. (7.17): S =

qo Be IG I F I E
(1 −  ) 2

e s
Eo
qo = 150 kN/m2
2
4B 2 = (4)(3) = 3.385 m
Be =
 

s = 0.3; Eo = 16,000 kN/m2

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 Eo 16,000
= = = 11.82
kBe (400)(3.385)

61
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 H 20
= = 5.91
Be 3.385

From Figure 7.6, IG  0.89. From Eq. (7.18):

π 1
IF = +
4  
 E 2t 3
4.6 + 10  
f

 Eo + Be k  Be 
 2 
π 1
= + = 0.815
4  
 15 10 6   (2)(0.25)  3
4.6 + 10 
 16,000 +  3.385 (400)  3.385

 
 2 

From Eq. (7.19):

1
IE = 1−
B 
3.5exp (1.22 s − 0.4) e + 1.6 
D
 f 
1
= 1− = 0.923
3.5exp[(1.22)(0.3) − 0.4] 3.385 + 1.6 
 
 1.5 

 1 −0.3 2
S = (150)(3.385)(0.89)(0.815)(0.923)  = 0.0193 m = 19.3 mm
e
 16,000 

7.8 Eq. (7.22): At z = 0:

L   3.05  
I = 0.1 + 0.0111 −1 = 0.1+ 0.0111  −1 = 0.107
B   1.91 
z


z1 L   3.05  
Eq. (7.23): = 0.5 + 0.0555 −1 = 0.5 + 0.0555  −1 = 0.533
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 B B   1.91  

Eq. (7.21): I z(m) = 0.5 + 0.1 q − q

qz (1)

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 qo = q − q = 144 kN/m2

z1 = (0.533)(1.91) = 1.02 m

qz(1) = (D f + z1 ) = (0.76 +1.02)(18.08) = 32.18 kN/m 2

144
I z(m) = 0.5 + 0.1 = 0.71
32.18

z2 L   3.05  
Eq. (7.24): = 2 + 0.222 −1 = 2 + 0.222   −1 = 2.13
B B   1.91  

z2 = (2.13)(1.91) = 4.07 m

Depth z Es Iz

2 Iz ( z)
(m) (m) (kN/m ) Es

0.107 +0.71 = 0.409

0 – z1 = 0 – 1.02 1.02 22,080 0.1889 10−4
2
0.71 +0 = 0.355
z1 – z2 = 1.02 – 4.07 3.05 22,080 0.4904 10−4
2
∑0.6793 10−4

Iz
Eq. (7.20): Se = C1C2 (q − q) (z)
Es

q = Df = (18.08)(0.76) = 13.74 kN/m2

qo = q − q = 144 kN/m2
 q   13.74 
C = 1 − 0.5  = 1 − 0.5  = 0.952; C  1
 q −q
1 2
 144 

Se = (0.952)(1)(144)(0.6793 10−4) = 93.12 10−4 m  9.31 mm

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7.9 Iz = 0.2 @ z = 0

B 1.91
Iz = 0.6 @ z = = = 0.955 m
2 2

  L    3.05  = 4.596 m
Iz = 0 @ z2 = 2B 1 + log   = (2)(1.91) 1 + log  
  B    1.91 

Iz
Depth (m) z (m) Es (kN/m2) Iz (z)
Es
+
0 0.6
0 – z1 = 0 – 0.955 0.955 22,080 = 0.3 0.12976  10-4
2
0.6 + 0
z1 – z2 = 0.955 – 4.596 3.641 22,080 = 0.3 0.4947  10-4
2
∑0.62446  10-4

z2 Iz
Eq. (7.29): Se = Cd (q − q) (z)
0 Es
Df 0.76
= = 0.398 ; Cd  0.89 (Table 7.6)
B 1.91

S e = (0.89)(144)(0.62446 10−4 ) = 80.03 10−4 m  8 m

7.10 Eq. (7.21): I z(m) = 0.5 + 0.1 q − q

qz (1)

q = Df = (18)(1.5) = 27 kN/m2

qo = q − q = 195 − 27 = 168 kN/m2

qz(1) = (D f + z1) = (1.5 + B) = (4)(18) = 72 kN/m2

168
I z(m) = 0.5 + 0.1 = 0.653
72

See the figure on the next page for the strain influence factor diagram.

65
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 Note: [Es = 3.5qc – Eq. (7.26)].

Iz
Depth (m) z (m) Es (kN/m2) Average Iz Es
(z)

0 –2 2.0 6,125 0.3812 0.000124

2 – 2.5 0.5 12,075 0.6077 0.000025
2.5 – 8 5.5 12,075 0.4135 0.000188
8 – 10 2.0 10,150 0.087 0.000017
∑0.000354

q = Df = (18)(1.5) = 27 kN/m2

 q 
 = 1 − 0.5  = 0.92; C = 1 + 0.2 log  10 = 1.4
27
C = 1 − 0.5   
q −q 195 − 27   0.1
1 2

Iz
Se = C1C2 (q − q)  (z) = (0.92)(1.4)(195 − 27)(0.000354)
Es

= 0.0766 m = 76.6 mm

7.11 The strain influence diagram is shown on the following page.

Also, Es = 1.4Esquare = (1.4)(3.5qc) = 4.9qc

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 Iz
Depth (m) z (m) Es (kN/m2) Iz (z)
Es

0 – 1.25 1.2 8,575 0.4 0.000056

1.25 – 2 0.75 8,575 0.5745 0.00005025
2 –8 6 16,905 0.343 0.0001217
8 – 10 2 14,210 0.0685 0.00000964
∑0.0002376

Df 1.5
= = 0.6 ; Table 7.6: Cd  0.84
B 2.5

Eq. (7.29):

z2 Iz
Se = Cd (q − q) (z) = (0.84)(168)(0.0002376) = 0.0335 m = 33.5 m
0 Es

Post construction settlement:

 
 0.1   t days 
Eq. (7.29): 0.02 z log 
 (q z) 2 1 day
 c   
 z2 

Note: qc is in MN/m2.

67
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  (qc z) (1.75)(2) +(3.45)(6) +(2.9)(2)
= = 3 M N/m2
z2 10
 0.1   365 10 
Settlement = (0.02) (10) log  = 0.0237 m = 23.7 mm
 3   1 

Total settlement = 33.5 + 23.7 = 57.2 mm

7.12 Depth (m) N60

1.5 10
3.0 12
4.5 9
6.0 14
7.5 16
Average N60 = 12
2
N  B +0.3  S 
From Eq. (7.35): Allowable qnet = 60
 d e 
F
0.08  B   25 

B = 1.52 m; Se = 25 mm.

 0.91   0.91 
Fd = 1 + 0.33  = 1 + (0.33)  = 1.198
 1.52   1.52 

2
12  1.52 +0.3   25 
q =   (1.198)  = 257.63 kN/m
2
net
0.08  1.52   25 

0.75
 B
z
7.13 Eq. (7.40): = 1.4 
BR  BR 
0.75
1
z = (1.4)(0.3)  = 1.036
 
 0.3 

2
  L 
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 1.25   B   q 
0.7
S

B    
Eq. (7.41): e
=   
1 2 3
L
BR  0.25 +   BR   pa 

 B

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 1.71 1.71
Normally consolidated sand:  = 0.14;  = = = 0.053
1 2
(N 60 )1.4 (12)1.4

From Table 7.6, 3 = 1. q = 153 kN/m2

2
 2
S  1.251    1 0.7  153 
 
e
= (0.14)(0.053)(1)    
0.3  0.25 + 2   0.3   100 
 1 

Se  0.00879 m = 8.79 mm

7.14 B = 1.52 m; L = 3.05 m; d = 1.52 m; e = 0.152 m

B  1.52 
Eq. (7.46): f = 0.8 + 0.2  = 0.8 + (0.2)  = 0.9
L/B
L  3.0 

Eq. (7.47): f (center) = 1− 0.33 = 1 − (0.33) =

e 0.152  = 0.967
   
e
B  1.52 

2 2
    
Eq. (7.49): f (center) = 1 −  10 = 0.988
 = 1−  

 90   90 

 = 26.6, so it is 2H:1V slope.

0.15

0.15
0.71+ =
d 1
=   = = 0.777
.52   
Eq. (7.52): f 0.7 1+

,d
 B  1.52 

f = fL/B fe f f,d = (0.9)(0.967)(0.988)(0.777) = 0.668

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 Now the table on the next page can be prepared.

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  
 R  pp(m) Se 1 Se 2
3
qo 4 Qo 5
 Ro  (kN/m2 ) B (mm) (kN/m2) (kN)

0.002 49.68 0.00048 0.73 2.27 75.33 349.2

0.004 166.98 0.00096 1.46 2.17 242.05 1122.1
0.008 224.94 0.00192 2.92 2.0 300.97 1395.3
0.012 292.56 0.00288 4.38 1.86 363.5 1685.2
0.024 475.41 0.00576 8.76 1.7 539.9 2503.0
0.05 870.09 0.012 18.24 1.35 784.6 3637.4
0.08 1225.79 0.0192 29.18 1.1 900.7 4175.6
0.10 1452.45 0.024 36.48 1.07 1038.2 4813.1
0.20 2550.24 0.048 72.96 0.9 1533.2 7107.9

1
 
=  R (0.24)
Se

B  Ro 
S  S 
2
S =  (B) =  e (1520) mm
e

e
B B

3
Figure 7.16
4
f pp(m) = 0.668pp(m) = qo

5
Qo (kN) = qoBL = (qo kN/m2)(1.52 m  3.05 m)

The plot of Se versus Qo is shown. From the plot, Qo at 25 mm settlement is

about 4000 kN.

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 3.05
7.15 o = (1.37)(15.72) + (0.91)(19.18 − 9.81) + 2
(18.87 − 9.81)

= 21.54 + 8.53 + 13.82 = 43.89 kN/m2

o + av = 43.89 + 42.41 = 86.3 kN/m2

Cs H c o +av (0.06)(3.05) 86.3
S = log = log = 0.0316 m = 31.6 mm

1 + eo o
e( p)
1.7 43.89

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 68
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