University M’Hamed Bougara, Boumerdes

Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineering

Departement of Electronics

Electrical Engineering II
EE-203: Lab

Laboratory Experiment #7
Nodal & Mesh analysis for AC circuits

L03 – Group 06
Done by
- BAY Seif-El-Islam
Partner’s name
- MELLAH Raid Chems Eddine
- MOKDAD Zakaria

Guided By: Miss S.DJABALI

Fall-2022
The Experiment was conducted on: Wed, 30 Nov, 2022
Introduction:
This lab presents methods for the analysis of AC circuits that employ
resistors, capacitors and inductors along with any number of voltage and/or
current sources. Nodal analysis is the most general technique and can be applied
to virtually any circuit. Mesh analysis is nearly as versatile and works well if only
voltage sources are present. Along with nodal and mesh, we shall also introduce
the concept of dependent AC sources. Dependent sources do not exhibit a fixed
value, but rather the current or voltage is dependent on some other current or
voltage in the circuit.
Objectives:
- Apply nodal analysis and compare with theoretical values.
- Apply mesh analysis and compare with theoretical values.

Equipment and components:

- The function generator (FG). - The oscilloscope (or simply the scope). - Instek LCR Meter (test equipment).

- Bread board. - T BNC connector. - Y BNC connector. - The probe. - A BNC to BNC cable. - Cable.

- Decade inductor L3000. - Decade inductor TYPE 1053.

 Procedure:
R1 measured = 1070.3Ω
R2 measured = R3 measured = 1495.2Ω
R4 measured = 468.25Ω
L1 measured = L2 measured = 48.7mH
C1 measured = C2 measured = 99.48nF
Part 1:
1. For the circuit shown, calculating the RMS value the voltage at the top node
and the current in the capacitor with:
R1=1kΩ, R2=R3=1.5kΩ, L=68mH and
C=100nF, setting the source voltage
to produce a sinusoidal waveform
with a peak to peak value of 10 V at a
frequency of 1 kHz:
a) To find the voltage at the top
node:

b) To find the current in the capacitor:

2. Connecting the circuit:

Measure the RMS value of the voltage at the top node:

The voltage at the top node: V = 2.51 (V)
Measuring the current in the capacitor:
1st method: (Using DMM)

The current in the capacitor: IC = 1.14 (mA)

2 method:
nd

𝒗𝒗𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓 𝟏𝟏, 𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕(𝒗𝒗)

=𝑰𝑰𝑪𝑪 = = 𝟏𝟏, 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏(𝒎𝒎𝒎𝒎)
𝑹𝑹𝟑𝟑 𝟏𝟏, 𝟓𝟓(𝒌𝒌𝒌𝒌)
- How do these values compare to the theoretical values (calculate the percent
error):
𝑽𝑽𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕 − 𝑽𝑽𝒆𝒆𝒆𝒆𝒆𝒆 𝟐𝟐. 𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟓 − 𝟐𝟐. 𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟓
% 𝑫𝑫𝑫𝑫𝑫𝑫 |𝑽𝑽| = � � × 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏 = � � × 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏 = 𝟐𝟐. 𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕%;
𝑽𝑽𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕 𝟐𝟐. 𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟓
𝜽𝜽𝑽𝑽𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕 − 𝜽𝜽𝑽𝑽 𝒆𝒆𝒆𝒆𝒆𝒆 (−𝟒𝟒. 𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔°) − (−𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏. 𝟖𝟖°)
% 𝑫𝑫𝑫𝑫𝑫𝑫 |𝜽𝜽|𝑽𝑽 = � � × 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏 = � � × 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏 = 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏. 𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕%
𝜽𝜽𝑽𝑽𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕 −𝟒𝟒. 𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔°
𝑰𝑰𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕 − 𝑰𝑰𝒆𝒆𝒆𝒆𝒆𝒆 𝟏𝟏. 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏 − 𝟏𝟏. 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏
% 𝑫𝑫𝑫𝑫𝑫𝑫 |𝑰𝑰| = � � × 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏 = � � × 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏 = 𝟑𝟑. 𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟓%;
𝑰𝑰𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕 𝟏𝟏. 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏
𝜽𝜽𝑰𝑰𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕 − 𝜽𝜽𝑰𝑰 𝒆𝒆𝒆𝒆𝒆𝒆 𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎° − 𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑. 𝟖𝟖°
% 𝑫𝑫𝑫𝑫𝑫𝑫 |𝜽𝜽|𝑰𝑰 = � � × 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏 = � � × 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏 = 𝟓𝟓. 𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑%
𝜽𝜽𝑰𝑰𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕 𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎°
3. Visualizing both the voltage at the top node and the input voltage:

- The phase relationship between the two voltages is:

T = 1 (ms)
∆𝒕𝒕V = -30 (µs)  𝜽𝜽V = (((-30) × 10-6) × 360) ÷ 10-3 = -10.8°
Visualizing both the capacitor current and the input voltage:

- The phase relationship between them:

T = 1 (ms)
∆𝒕𝒕I = 110 (µs)  𝜽𝜽I = ((110 × 10-6) × 360) ÷ 10-3 = 39.8°

4. Considering now the circuit shown:

- Calculating by using nodal analysis the
RMS voltages at nodes A and B and the
current in R4 (Considering: R1=R4=470Ω,
R2=R3=1.5kΩ, R5=510Ω, L1=L2=68mH and
C1=C2=100nF), the source voltage is set to
produce a sinusoidal waveform with a peak
to peak value of 10V at a frequency of 1 kHz:
a) To find the voltages VA and VB:

b) To find the current in the resistor R4:

5. Connecting the circuit:

Measuring the voltages at A and B and the current in R4:

VA = 2.25∠-10.8° (V); VB = 1.97∠147.6° (V)

𝒗𝒗𝑨𝑨 −𝒗𝒗𝑩𝑩 (𝟐𝟐.𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐∠−𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏.𝟖𝟖°)−(𝟏𝟏.𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗∠𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏.𝟔𝟔°)
 𝑰𝑰𝑪𝑪𝑹𝑹 = =
𝟒𝟒 𝑹𝑹𝟒𝟒 𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒
𝑰𝑰𝑪𝑪𝑹𝑹 =8.82∠-20.87° (mA)
𝟒𝟒
- comparing the measured values with the theoretical ones (calculating the
percent error):
𝒗𝒗𝑨𝑨 𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕 −𝒗𝒗𝑨𝑨 𝒆𝒆𝒆𝒆𝒆𝒆 𝟑𝟑.𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑−𝟐𝟐.𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐
o % 𝑫𝑫𝑫𝑫𝑫𝑫 |𝒗𝒗𝑨𝑨| = � � × 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏 = � � × 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏 = 𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑. 𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖%;
𝒗𝒗𝑨𝑨 𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕 𝟑𝟑.𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑
𝜽𝜽𝒗𝒗𝑨𝑨 𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕 − 𝜽𝜽𝒗𝒗𝑨𝑨 𝒆𝒆𝒆𝒆𝒆𝒆 (−𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏. 𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔°) − (−𝟏𝟏𝟎𝟎. 𝟖𝟖°)
% 𝑫𝑫𝑫𝑫𝑫𝑫 |𝜽𝜽|𝒗𝒗𝑨𝑨 = � � × 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏 = � � × 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏 = 𝟏𝟏. 𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒%
𝜽𝜽𝒗𝒗𝑨𝑨 𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕 −𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏. 𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔°
𝒗𝒗𝑩𝑩 𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕 −𝒗𝒗𝑩𝑩 𝒆𝒆𝒆𝒆𝒆𝒆 𝟐𝟐.𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐−𝟏𝟏.𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗
o % 𝑫𝑫𝑫𝑫𝑫𝑫 |𝒗𝒗𝑩𝑩 | = � � × 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏 = � � × 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏 = 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏. 𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗%;
𝒗𝒗𝑩𝑩 𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕 𝟐𝟐.𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐
𝜽𝜽𝒗𝒗𝑩𝑩𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕 − 𝜽𝜽𝒗𝒗𝑩𝑩 𝒆𝒆𝒆𝒆𝒆𝒆 (𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏. 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐°) − (𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏. 𝟔𝟔°)
% 𝑫𝑫𝑫𝑫𝑫𝑫 |𝜽𝜽|𝒗𝒗𝑩𝑩 = � � × 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏 = � � × 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏 = 𝟕𝟕. 𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑%
𝜽𝜽𝒗𝒗𝑩𝑩𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏. 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐°
𝑰𝑰𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕 −𝑰𝑰𝒆𝒆𝒆𝒆𝒆𝒆 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏.𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗−𝟖𝟖.𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖
o % 𝑫𝑫𝑫𝑫𝑫𝑫 |𝑰𝑰| = � � × 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏 = � � × 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏 = 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐. 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐%;
𝑰𝑰𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏.𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗
𝜽𝜽𝑰𝑰𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕 − 𝜽𝜽𝑰𝑰 𝒆𝒆𝒆𝒆𝒆𝒆 (−𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏. 𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕)° − (−𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐. 𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖)°
% 𝑫𝑫𝑫𝑫𝑫𝑫 |𝜽𝜽|𝑰𝑰 = � � × 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏 = � � × 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏 = 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐. 𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑%
𝜽𝜽𝑰𝑰𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕 (−𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏. 𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕)°
6. Displaying both voltages at A and the input voltage:

- The phase relationship between these two voltages is:

∆𝒕𝒕Va = -30 (µs)  𝜽𝜽Va = (((-30) × 10-6) × 360) ÷ 10-3 = -10.8°
7. Displaying both voltages at B and the input voltage:

- The phase relationship between these two voltages is :

∆𝒕𝒕Vb = -90 (µs)  𝜽𝜽Va = (((-90) × 10-6) × 360) ÷ 10-3 = -32.4° = 147.6°

Part 2:
1. For the circuit shown:
Calculating the RMS values of the mesh
currents and the inductor voltage with:
R1=1kΩ, R2=1.5kΩ, L=68mL and C=100nF,
the source voltage is set to produce a
sinusoidal waveform with a peak to peak
value of 20 V at a frequency of 1 kHz:
 o The RMS values of the mesh currents:

o The RMS value of the inductor voltage:

2. Connecting the circuit:

Measuring the RMS values of the mesh currents and the inductor voltage:

VL = 0.74 (V)
- Comparing the measured values with the calculated ones:
o % 𝑫𝑫𝑫𝑫𝑫𝑫 |𝒊𝒊𝟏𝟏 | = 𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑. 𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖%;
% 𝑫𝑫𝑫𝑫𝑫𝑫 |𝜽𝜽|𝒊𝒊𝟏𝟏 = 𝟏𝟏. 𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒%
o % 𝑫𝑫𝑫𝑫𝑫𝑫 |𝒊𝒊𝟐𝟐 | = 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏. 𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗%;
% 𝑫𝑫𝑫𝑫𝑫𝑫 |𝜽𝜽|𝒊𝒊𝟐𝟐 = 𝟕𝟕. 𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑%
o % 𝑫𝑫𝑫𝑫𝑫𝑫 |𝒗𝒗𝑳𝑳| = 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐. 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐%;
% 𝑫𝑫𝑫𝑫𝑫𝑫 |𝜽𝜽|𝒗𝒗𝑳𝑳 = 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐. 𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑%
3. Displaying the input voltage and the current in R1:

- The phase relationship between the two quantities is:

𝛥𝛥𝑡𝑡𝑅𝑅1 = 0 (µs)  𝜃𝜃𝑅𝑅1 = ((0 × 10-6) × 360) ÷ 10-3 = 0.0°
4. Displaying the input voltage and the current in R2:

- The phase relationship between the two quantities is:

𝛥𝛥𝑡𝑡𝑅𝑅𝟐𝟐 = -48 (µs)  𝜃𝜃𝑅𝑅𝟐𝟐 = (((-48) × 10-6) × 360) ÷ 10-3 = 17.28°

5. Considering back the previous circuit.

Calculating by using mesh analysis the
RMS values of the mesh currents and
deduce the voltages at nodes A and B.
(Use: R1=R4=470kΩ, R2=R3=1.5kΩ,
R5=510Ω, L1=L2=68mH and
C1=C2=100nF), The source voltage is
set to produce a sinusoidal waveform
with a peak-to-peak value of 10 V at a
frequency of 1 kHz:
6. Connecting the circuit. Measuring the mesh currents and the voltages at nodes
A and B:

VA = 2.25∠-10.8° (V); VB = 1.97∠147.6° (V)

- Comparing the measured quantities with the theoretical ones:
o % 𝑫𝑫𝑫𝑫𝑫𝑫 |𝒗𝒗𝑨𝑨| = 𝟔𝟔. 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐%;
o % 𝑫𝑫𝑫𝑫𝑫𝑫 |𝒗𝒗𝑩𝑩 | = 𝟑𝟑𝟎𝟎. 𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗%
7. Displaying the input voltage and the current in R1:
- The phase relationship between the two quantities is:
8. Displaying the input voltage and the current in R4:

- The phase relationship between the two quantities is:

𝛥𝛥𝑡𝑡𝑉𝑉𝑅𝑅4 = -100 (µs)  𝜃𝜃𝑉𝑉𝑅𝑅4 = (((-100) × 10-6) × 360) ÷ 10-3 = -36.0°
9. Displaying the input voltage and the current in R5:

- The phase relationship between the two quantities is:

𝛥𝛥𝑡𝑡𝑉𝑉𝑅𝑅 = 80 (µs)  𝜃𝜃𝑉𝑉𝑅𝑅 = ((80 × 10-6) × 360) ÷ 10-3 = 28.8°
𝟓𝟓 𝟓𝟓
Conclusion
Students were able to use mesh analysis and nodal analysis to determine the
currents in a circuit. The process of mesh analysis entails locating every loop in the
circuit, which is subsequently recognized as a mesh. In nodal analysis, Kirchhoff's
current law is used to solve voltages. Everything is expressed in current in the mesh
analysis; this can be changed by applying Ohm's law.