Palliative medicine puts quality of life first for patients who are suffering from terrible

illnesses. Symptoms, including pain, are alleviated, coping is aided with, treatment is

coordinated, an interdisciplinary team is assembled, and prognosis knowledge and

decision-making are supported, among other things. (Sanchez 2021)

The majority of patients doctors will encounter will require palliative care, as the

population is aging and chronic illnesses are becoming more common. In order to

prepare future clinicians, medical education in palliative care is crucial. Unfortunately,

new doctors continue to say that providing palliative care is a difficult task for which they

lack preparation. Palliative care competencies must be taught to medical students

without fail. 2

As doctors' fundamental sciences, clinical abilities, and professionalism continue to

develop, so too must medical education. It has evolved dramatically in the last 20 years

(Patel, 2016).

Every doctor must possess a fundamental set of abilities that were publicly

acknowledged by the ACGME is the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical

Education. professionalism, attention to detail, the six pillars of the Accreditation Council

for Graduate Medical Education are medical knowledge, interpersonal and

communication skills, system-based care, and practice-based learning and

development. Core competences for Medical Education (ACGME). Recently, the

ACGME developed milestones as a development strategy founded on fundamental

competencies (Edgar et al., 2020)

Traditional lecture-based teaching strategies have not been successful in addressing

the issue of students. failing to retain or learn the lessons they were given in medical

school. the University of McMaster in Problem-based learning (PBL) is attributed with

being invented in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. In 1969, method (Joshi et al., 2021)

When medical professionals from various areas, such as doctors, nurses, and others,

converse with one another,

They might hasten the learning curve and enhance patients' general wellness. hospital

programs the significance of interpersonal communication must be emphasized to

better prepare students for professional opportunities in interdisciplinary teams (Tseli et

al., 2020).

In order to identify opportunities for development as part of practice-based learning and

improvement, trainees in the medical sector are required to perform systematic

investigations and evaluations of their patient care and the practice patterns of their

workplaces. The goal of all the modifications and additions is to improve things. As a

result, the most effective techniques are applied. They work with patients, their loved

ones, and aspiring medical professionals (Dressler et al., 2018).

The world of innovation is changing, and this has opened the door for different

philosophies that emphasize the significance of a quality control system. Every

business, including educational institutions, aspires to for improved and ongoing

improvement, particularly in Indonesia's higher secondary institutions. Ferreira &

Saurin (2019) looked at how healthcare students saw Kaizen from a theoretical

approach.
It is an exchange of social and technological systems intended to improve students'

development, particularly in relation to healthcare settings. Using various frameworks

and taking into account the elements of Innovation and a quality control system, the

study's results were encouraging. Findings indicate that the medical students' Kaizen

suggestions improve the quality control system. Suárez-Barraza, Rodrguez-González

and Hart (2019) looked at the accreditation requirements and guiding principles of

Kaizen in the medical students' quality control procedures.

In order to raise the standard of educational services, the Kaizen philosophy has a solid

reputation in the system of quality control. Employing theoretical and statistical

techniques, the investigation revealed the substantial contribution of Kaizen to the

quality control procedure. Janji, Todorovic, and Jovanovi (2020) investigated the

advantages and contributing elements of Kaizen and its use in numerous students'

fields.

According to Cannas, Pero, Pozzi, and Rossi (2018) among the several branches of

study, the application of kaizen reduces events and complexity students. The primary

structured component that may be considerably improved is the quality assurance

system improved through kaizen adaption. Several kaizen-related factors are

considered applying statistical and theoretical methods under examination. The results

demonstrate that kaizen is presented as a mandatory requirement to keep the quality

control system in place.

One of the most crucial amenities is a healthcare facility. It spans a wide range of

genres, starting with medical offices to sophisticated, large hospitals. These facilities are

likewise regarded as being the most challenging mechanisms for management, upkeep,
and operation medical diagnostics, equipment, and devices. When necessary, the

techniques, technological innovations, and equipment employed in healthcare facilities

are fulfill the high safety and technical criteria, which are constantly evolving. (Lavy S

and Shobet 2019)

Hospitals and other healthcare institutions are intricate buildings that are open 24/7.

Every day of the year, 365 days a year. They must maintain their uninterrupted services

throughout even in the worst weather and at the worst war situations, the holidays. As

such Healthcare facilities should make plans and preparations for a variety of reasons,

including risk assessments and procedures for life safety, infection control, emergency

response plans, and preparations so that they can continue to provide their services

uninterrupted. (Gokhale and Gormley 2018)

Healthcare institutions perform complicated tasks by gathering and integrating the a

vast database of disconnected data from many different fields that belongs to the actual

healthcare institution. Combining such vast, intricate services and multidisciplinary

facilities. Providing supporting services is as challenging as punctual placement of each

piece of a large puzzle in the correct location manner. (Lavikka 2019)

The healthcare facilities that offer the most complete services are hospitals a hospital's

facilities. Due to the requirement for comprehensive and error-free design of the new

taking into account the scopes of the structural and architectural services to be

delivered during the project, hospitals issues during the operational phase can be

avoided. Modern hospitals adopt a distinct and contracts, medical equipment, service

methods, and a complicated structure with continuously changing health technological

advancements, evolving user needs, specialized technological systems, physical and

regulatory restrictions, the physical and political environment outside. (Memari and

Tucker 2022)

The integration of scientific research training into undergraduate medical education is

becoming more and more popular. At the Boyer commission on educating students at

the research university, the significance and obligatoriness of this tendency were

strongly emphasized. (Boyer 2018)

How universities should handle undergraduate education has undergone a significant

transformation as a result of the Boyer commission report. It was specifically argued

that research-based learning ought to be the norm for all undergraduate education.

Since then, Western nations have placed a lot of emphasis on and used integration of

teaching and scientific research into undergraduate medical curricula. (Boyer 2018)

The application of modern evidence-based medicine is currently a key component of

medical practice. Evidence-based medicine is described as "the diligent, explicit, and

prudent application of the best available evidence in decisions regarding the care of

specific patients." (Richardson 2020)

Scientific research education in undergraduate medical curricula is strongly advised and

has been linked to favorable attitudes toward research, the development of research

skills, and easy facilitation of participation in future research endeavors. It is important to

have a basic understanding of information systems, epidemiology, biostatistics, current

clinical medicine concerns, and the standards of ethics that should guide clinical

research involving human beings. Raising awareness of issues relating to potential

conflicts of interest and ethical transgressions in research should also be adequately

conveyed. (Vodopivec 2014)

Many medical students do not understand the significance of "translational research" or

the crucial role that "physician-scientists" play in it. The goal of translational research is

to convert discoveries made in the fields of biomedicine and clinical science from the

"bench to the bedside," or from research labs and clinical trials to applications that will

help patients. (Woolf SH. 2018)

Since there are few opportunities or expectations for graduates to engage in research

during the first few years of graduate practice and clinical training, there are now greater

expectations for research to be a required component of medical programs (Riley 2009;

Rosenkranze et al. 2018).

If their research mentors or supervisors are appropriately competent and experienced,

students are more likely to have a fulfilling research experience (Rosenkranz et al.

2018). Experience as a mentor or supervisor is crucial for advising and instructing

students on how to conduct ethical research, formulate relevant research questions,

design research methodologies, analyze, and evaluate study outcomes. (Sebrant L.

2021)

Meta-analyses may also be included in systematic reviews in order to combine the

findings of several studies and provide evidence through statistical power. Systematic

reviews have historically concentrated on answering questions about effectiveness (for

example, whether an intervention works) and have heavily relied on synthesizing data
from randomized control trials. These reviews have their roots in the positivist tradition

(i.e., an absolute truth can be determined from scientific experiments). (Clark M. 2018)

Clear guidance exists for conducting and reporting systematic reviews, which can

facilitate the systematic review process, decrease bias, increase research transparency,

and enable reproducibility. (Cochrane 2020)

link: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8997180/