Professional Documents
Culture Documents
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Respect your parents, respect your teachers
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Mechanisms of Receptor Regulation
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Steroid and Thyroid Hormone Receptor Resistance
Syndromes
• Receptor inactivity→
• Hormone defficiency
• elevated levels of the circulating hormone ligand
• increased (or inappropriately detectable) levels of the relevant trophic
regulatory hormone (eg, ACTH, TSH, FSH, or LH)
• Androgen receptor mutation
• X-linked
• Thyroid receptor mutation
• β form of the receptor
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Receptors Upregulation
• Increase in the number of receptors for
the particular hormone
▪ prevailing levels of the hormone have
been low for some time
• A hormone can also up-regulate the
receptors for another hormone
▪ Thyroid hormone up-regulates cardiac
adrenergic receptors
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Control of Hormone Release
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Control of Hormone Release
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Neural Control
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Hormonal Control
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Feedback control mechanism
• Release of one hormone can be influenced by more than one of these
mechanisms (neuronal, hormonal, Nutrient)
• The neuroendocrine system adapts to a changing environment to maintain
homeostasis
• The responsiveness of target cells to hormonal action leading to regulation of
hormone release constitutes a feedback control mechanism.
Negative feedback & Positive Feedback
• adaptive changes do not lead to pathologic conditions
• short- and long-term adaptations to changes in the environment
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Levels of feedback mechanisms
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Assessment of Endocrine Function
• Disorders of the endocrine system result from
alterations in hormone secretion or target cell
responsiveness to hormone action
• Decreased responsiveness
• a decreased number of hormone receptors,
• a decreased concentration of enzyme activated by the
hormone,
• an increased concentration of noncompetitive inhibitor,
• or a decreased number of target cells
• Hormone sensitivity
• Higher hormone concentrations to produce 50% of the
maximal response
• decreased hormone-receptor affinity, number
• increased rate of hormone degradation
• increased levels of antagonistic or competitive
hormones.
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Hormone Measurements RIA
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Cs1LvCyEGKg
Cross-reactivity Prohormone
Degradation
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Limitations of RIA
• Lack of Specificity
• cross-reactivity of the antibody with more than one hormone
• Hormone sharing homology can lead to nonspecific recognition by the
antibody
• Heterogeneous form of hormone in the plasma
• Prohormone, enzymatic degradation
• Presence of circulating endogenous antibodies
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Hormone Measurements Immunometric Assay
The binding of the hormone by a
MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY followed by binding
by a SECOND MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY
to a DIFFERENT ANTIGENIC SITE in the
hormone
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Interpretation of Hormone Measurements
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