IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering

PAPER • OPEN ACCESS You may also like

- Effect of Multi-pass SMAW Welding on the
About the design, development of an automated Surface Hardness and Microstructure of
Carbon Steel AISI 1050
SMAW setup and the weldment analysis in air and Mohammed Helan Sar, Osamah Sabah
Barrak and Sabah Khammass Hussain

wet working environment - Microstructural and Mechanical Properties

of Welded High Strength Steel Plate Using
SMAW and SAW Method for LPG Storage
To cite this article: S B Reyaz and S K Parida 2019 IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng. 653 012039 Tanks
Winarto Winarto, Rini Riastuti and Nur
Kumeidi

- Effective dose in SMAW and FCAW

welding processes using rutile
View the article online for updates and enhancements. consumables
M Herranz, S Rozas, R Idoeta et al.

This content was downloaded from IP address 14.139.217.34 on 17/02/2023 at 06:01

 

ICAMME
 2019 IOP Publishing

IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 653 (2019) 012039 doi:10.1088/1757-899X/653/1/012039



$ERXWWKHGHVLJQGHYHORSPHQWRIDQDXWRPDWHG60$:VHWXS
DQGWKHZHOGPHQWDQDO\VLVLQDLUDQGZHWZRUNLQJ
HQYLURQPHQW

6%5H\D]6.3DULGD 
0DQXIDFWXULQJ(QJLQHHULQJ'HSDUWPHQW1,))7+DWLD5DQFKL,QGLD


&RUUHVSRQGLQJDXWKRUVDPELWSDULGD#JPDLOFRP

$EVWUDFW7KHDLPRIWKLVUHVHDUFKLVWRGHVLJQDQGWRGHYHORSDFRPSXWHUFRQWUROOHGORZFRVW
XQGHUZDWHUZHOGLQJVHWXSIRUVKLHOGHGPHWDODUFZHOGLQJ60$:SURFHVVWRZRUNLQGU\DV
ZHOO DV LQ ZHW ZHOGLQJ FRQGLWLRQV ,QYHVWLJDWLRQV RI WKH PLFURVWUXFWXUH DQG PHFKDQLFDO
SURSHUWLHVRIWKHZHOGHGMRLQWVPDGHIURP$,6,VWHHOSODWHV XVLQJ WKLV VHWXSLQDLU WDS
ZDWHU DQG VDOWZDWHU ZRUNLQJ HQYLURQPHQW UHVSHFWLYHO\ KDYH EHHQ FDUULHG RXW :HOG EHDG
JHRPHWU\ PLFURVWUXFWXUH XOWLPDWH WHQVLOH VWUHQJWK 876 GXFWLOLW\ LPSDFW VWUHQJWK DQG
9LFNHUV PLFURKDUGQHVV RI DLU DQG ZHW ZHOGHG MRLQWV KDYH EHHQ FKDUDFWHUL]HG DQG FRPSDUHG
7KHJHQHUDOZHOGEHDGVL]HLVTXLWHGLVVLPLODUIRUDLUWDSZDWHUDQGVDOWZDWHUZHOGHGMRLQWV
7KHWDS ZDWHU DQG VDOW ZDWHUZHOGV VHHPWR EHZLGHUZLWKD VOLJKWO\KLJKHU ZHOGSHQHWUDWLRQ
ZLWKORZHUUHLQIRUFHPHQW7KHPD[LPXPYDOXHRIWKHWKHDYHUDJH876RIWKHZHOGHGVDPSOH
DV SHU $670 ZDV  03D 7KH H[SHULPHQWV VKRZHG WKDW WKH PD[LPXP SHUFHQWDJH RI
HORQJDWLRQRIVDPSOHVZHOGHGLQGLIIHUHQWFRQGLWLRQVLVDQGWKHPD[LPXPYDOXHRIWKH
DYHUDJHLPSDFWVWUHQJWKRI-ZDVIRXQGLQFDVHRIDLUZHOGV7KHPLFURKDUGQHVVYDOXHRI
IXVLRQ ]RQH )= ZDV JUHDWHU WKDQ EDVH PHWDO %0 LQ DOO WKH ZHOGHG VDPSOHV ,W ZDV QRWHG
PD[LPXPXSWR+9DWFRDUVHJUDLQKHDWDIIHFWHG]RQH&*+$=RIWDSZDWHUZHOGV
7KHPHFKDQLFDOSURSHUWLHVRIWKHVDOWZDWHUZHOGVGHWHULRUDWHGGXHWRSRURVLW\VODJLQFOXVLRQ
XQGHUFXWLQFUHDVHLQK\GURJHQDQGR[\JHQFRQWHQWLQWKHZHOGV

,QWURGXFWLRQ

8QGHUZDWHUZHOGLQJLVHVVHQWLDOO\HPSOR\HGWRUHSDLURIIVKRUHVWUXFWXUHVVXFKDVVXEPHUJHGSLSHOLQHV
RIIVKRUH RLO GULOOLQJ VWUXFWXUH QXFOHDU SRZHU SODQWV PDULQH VWUXFWXUHV HWF >@ 7ZR XQGHUZDWHU
ZHOGLQJPHWKRGVLVPDLQO\FDUULHGRXWLHZHWDQGGU\PHWKRGV:HWZHOGLQJLVFRQGXFWHGGLUHFWO\LQ
ZDWHUHQYLURQPHQWDVLWLVUHTXLUHGIRUUHSDLULQJJHRPHWULFDOO\FRPSOH[VWUXFWXUHVPDQ\WLPHVLQWKH

Content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 licence. Any further distribution
of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI.
Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd 1
 

ICAMME
 2019 IOP Publishing

IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 653 (2019) 012039 doi:10.1088/1757-899X/653/1/012039



VXEPHUJHGFRQGLWLRQV%XWLQGU\ZHOGLQJDK\SHUEDULFYHVVHOXQGHUWKHZDWHULVUHTXLUHGWRGRWKH
ZHOGLQJ >@ $V ZHOGLQJ LV FDUULHG RXW LQ D ZHW HQYLURQPHQW LQ VXEPHUJHG FRQGLWLRQV WKHUH LV D
VLJQLILFDQW HIIHFW RI WDS ZDWHU DQG VDOW ZDWHU WKHLU IORZ UDWH RQ WKH VWDELOLW\ RI WKH ZHOGLQJ DUF DQG
PHWDO WUDQVIHU WR WKH ZHOG SRRO 7KHUHIRUH WKH TXDOLW\ RI WKH ZHOGLQJ EHDG LV EHLQJ VLJQLILFDQWO\
DIIHFWHG ,Q DGGLWLRQ WKH GLVVRFLDWLRQ RI ZDWHU PROHFXOHV LQWR R[\JHQ DQG K\GURJHQ GXULQJ ZHOGLQJ
FKDQJHVWKHVXUIDFHPRUSKRORJ\DPHFKDQLFDOSURSHUW\JUHDWO\GXHWRR[LGHLQFOXVLRQVDQGK\GURJHQ
FUDFNLQJ SKHQRPHQRQ >@ $ QXPEHU RI H[SHULPHQWDO UHVHDUFK ZRUNV KDYH EHHQ UHSRUWHG LQ UHFHQW
\HDUV EDVHG RQ WKH PHWDOOXUJLFDO LQYHVWLJDWLRQ DQG WKH PHFKDQLFDO SURSHUWLHV RI GLIIHUHQW DUF ZHOGHG
MRLQWVLQGU\DQGZHWFRQGLWLRQV0DQ\RIWKHPIRFXVRQWKHIDYRUDEOHPHWDOOXUJLFDOLQYHVWLJDWLRQE\
FXVWRPL]HG HOHFWURGHV RU XVLQJ VHYHUDO DX[LOLDU\ HQHUJ\ PHWKRGV 5RZH HW DO>@ KDYH VKRZQ WKH
LPSRUWDQFHRIIHUURDOOR\DGGLWLRQVE\WKHFRDWLQJRIWKHHOHFWURGHLQZHW60$:ZHOGV7KHLUUHVXOWV
UHSUHVHQWDVLJQLILFDQWLPSURYHPHQWLQWHQVLOHVWUHQJWKZHOGPHWDOFKHPLFDOFRPSRVLWLRQDQGDFLFXODU
IHUULWH PLFURVWUXFWXUHV  WR  YRO  6DQWRV HW DO >@  GHVFULEHG WKH H[SHULPHQWDO
GHYHORSPHQW RI DQ R[\UXWLOH HOHFWURGH IRU WKH ZHW ZHOGLQJ RI VWUXFWXUDO VKLS VWHHOV 7KH\ REVHUYHG
ORZHU SRURVLW\ DQG VXSHULRU WRXJKQHVV DQG GXFWLOLW\ RI ZHW ZHOGV  )\GU\FK HW DO >@   FRUUHODWHG
GLIIHUHQW ZHOGLQJ SDUDPHWHUV VXFK DV ZHOGLQJ FXUUHQW ZHOGLQJ SRODULW\ ZDWHU VDOLQLW\ E\ XVLQJ D
PHUFXU\GLVSODFHPHQWPHWKRGIRUGHWHUPLQLQJGLIIXVLEOHK\GURJHQDPRXQWLQGHSRVLWHGPHWDOGXULQJ
WKH ZHW ZHOGLQJ SURFHVV +RZHYHU WKHUH LV OLWWOH LQIRUPDWLRQ DYDLODEOH LQ UHVHDUFK ZRUNV DERXW WKH
GHVLJQDQGGHYHORSPHQWRIDXWRPDWHG60$:V\VWHPDQGWKHHIIHFWRIGLIIHUHQWZDWHUHQYLURQPHQWRQ
WKHPLFURVWUXFWXUHDQGPHFKDQLFDOSHUIRUPDQFHRIORZFDUERQVWHHOV

6RRQWKHEDVLVRIUHVHDUFKJDSLQWKHSUHVHQWVWXG\LGHVLJQDQGGHYHORSPHQWRIORZFRVW
DXWRPDWHG60$:VHWXSWRGRZHOGLQJLQDLUDQGZHWHQYLURQPHQWDQGLLORZFDUERQ$,6,VWHHO
SODWHV ZHUH ZHOGHG XQGHU WKH GLIIHUHQW ZRUNLQJ HQYLURQPHQWV VXFK DV DLU WDS ZDWHU DQG VDOWZDWHU
HQYLURQPHQWUHVSHFWLYHO\

'HVLJQDQG'HYHORSPHQWRI$XWRPDWHG60$:6HWXS

7KH LPSRUWDQW UHTXLUHPHQW RI WKH DXWRPDWHG 60$: VHWXS LV WR PDLQWDLQ WKH FRQVWDQW DUF JDS DQG
FRQVWDQWZHOGLQJVSHHGGXULQJWKHZHOGLQJRSHUDWLRQ7KHSUHVHQWVHWXSLVDVVHPEOHGZLWKWZRVWHSSHU
PRWRUV WZR OHDG VFUHZV D JXLGHG DQG PRYDEOH ZHOGLQJ WUD\ DQG HOHFWURGH KROGHU DQ 6036 D
UHSURJUDPPDEOH PLFURFRQWUROOHU V\VWHP $UGXLQR 8QR D ZDWHU WDQN DORQJ ZLWK VXEPHUVLEOH ZDWHU
SXPSDQGDZHOGLQJPDFKLQHHWF7RDYRLGHOHFWULFVKRFNDQGOHDNDJHRIZHOGLQJFXUUHQWWRWKHPRWRU
FRQWUROFRPSXWHUDQG$XUGLQRPLFURFRQWUROOHUGXULQJZHOGLQJ9LVRODWLRQKDVSURYLGHG,QWKLV
DUUDQJHPHQW WKH VSHHG RI WKH PRWRUV FDQ EH FRQWUROOHG LQ WZRVWDJH LH DW VRIWZDUH DQG DOVR E\
DGMXVWLQJWKHPLFURVZLWFKHVRIWKHFRQWUROOHU7%2QHVWHSSHUPRWRUDQGOHDGVFUHZFRQWUROWKH
PRYHPHQWRIWKHWUD\ZKLOHWKHRWKHUFRQWUROVWKHPRYHPHQWRIWKHHOHFWURGH7%7RVKLEDPDNHV
VWHSSHU PRWRU GULYHU KDYLQJ D FXUUHQW FDSDFLW\ RI $ 9 '& YROWDJH KDV EHHQ XVHG 6HYHUDO
PLFURVZLWFKHV LQ WKH FRQWUROOHU PDNH FRQWURO WKH VSHHG DV ZHOO DV WKH WRUTXH RI WKH PRWRU 7KH
FRPSXWHU FRQWURO RI WKLV ZHOGLQJ V\VWHP DOORZV ZHOGLQJ WR EH VWDUWHG DQG VWRSSHG FRQYHQLHQWO\ DQG
SURYLGHV\QFKURQRXVPRYHPHQWRIWKHZHOGSODWHDQGWKHHOHFWURGH7KHIOX[HOHFWURGHVDUHVSHFLDOO\
FRDWHG ZLWK PDWHULDOV ZKLFK SURYLGH VKLHOGLQJ HQYLURQPHQW HYHQ ZKHQ WKH ZHOGLQJ LV GRQH LQ WKH
ZDWHU7KHIOX[FRDWVWKHZHOGHGVXUIDFHZLWKDZD[\W\SHVXEVWDQFHE\GLVSHOOLQJWKHZDWHUDURXQGLW
GXULQJWKHZHOGLQJVLPXOWDQHRXVO\7KHPRWLRQVJHQHUDWHGE\WKHVWHSSHUPRWRUVDUHFRQYHUWHGWRWKH
OLQHDUPRWLRQWKURXJKWKHOHDGVFUHZGXULQJ60$:ZHOGLQJRSHUDWLRQ)LJXUHDVKRZVWKHDFWXDO
DQGILJXUHEVKRZVWKHVFKHPDWLFUHSUHVHQWDWLRQRIWKHDXWRPDWHG60$:V\VWHP

7KH SUHVHQW 60$:VHWXSFDQ KDYHDPD[LPXPVSHHGRIUSPZLWK PLFURQVLQ RQH
VWHS&ROGUROOHGORZFDUERQ$,6,VWHHOSODWHRIVL]HîîPPZDVVHOHFWHGDVDEDVH
PHWDO EHFDXVH RI LWV ZLGH DSSOLFDWLRQ LQ PDULQH VWUXFWXUHV 7KH FDUERQ HTXLYDOHQW &( LV 
DFFRUGLQJWR,,:7KHHOHFWURGHLVDFRPPHUFLDO(UXWLOHXQGHUZDWHUHOHFWURGHZLWKDGLDPHWHURI

2
 

ICAMME
 2019 IOP Publishing

IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 653 (2019) 012039 doi:10.1088/1757-899X/653/1/012039



PPDQGOHQJWKLVPP7KHFKHPLFDODQDO\VLVRIWKHEDVHPHWDODQGHOHFWURGHZHUHREWDLQHGE\
RSWLFDOHPLVVLRQVSHFWURPHWHUDUHOLVWHGLQ7DEOH





)LJXUHD$FWXDODQGEVFKHPDWLFUHSUHVHQWDWLRQRIWKHDXWRPDWHGXQGHUZDWHU60$:V\VWHP


7DEOH&KHPLFDOFRPSRVLWLRQRIEDVHPHWDODQGHOHFWURGH6SHFWURPHWHUZW
 
(OHPHQWV & 0Q 3 6 6L &X &U $O 7L 1L &H
T
%DVH           
PHWDO
(OHFWURGH           

 $LU DQG XQGHUZDWHU ZHOGLQJ H[SHULPHQWV ZHUH FRQGXFWHG E\ XVLQJ GHYHORSHG DXWRPDWLF
ZHOGLQJ VHWXS RQ WKH SODWHV ZLWK SUHSDUHG HGJH DSULRUL 'LUHFW FXUUHQW HOHFWURGH SRVLWLYH '&(3 RU
UHYHUVHSRODULW\ZDVXVHGLQDOOH[SHULPHQWVEHFDXVHRIWKHHDVHLQLQLWLDWLQJDQGPDLQWDLQLQJZHOGLQJ
DUFDQGWKHOHVVHUPHOWLQJUDWHRIWKHHOHFWURGHZLWKGHHSHUZHOGSHQHWUDWLRQ7KHZHOGLQJFRQGLWLRQ
DQGSURFHVVSDUDPHWHUVDUHVKRZQLQ7DEOH$IWHUDOOZHOGLQJVZHUHSHUIRUPHGWKHZHOGHGMRLQWV
ZHUH VXEMHFWHG WR PLFURVWUXFWXUDO H[DPLQDWLRQ KDUGQHVV WHQVLOH DQG LPSDFW WHVWV DV SHU $670
VWDQGDUG)RUHDFKZHOGVL[VWDQGDUGVDPSOHVZHUHSUHSDUHGDVSHU$670

7DEOH:HOGLQJFRQGLWLRQDQGSURFHVVSDUDPHWHUVRIZHW60$:

:RUNLQJ 7HPSHUDWXUH $YHUDJH $YHUDJH $YHUDJH 1XPEHU :DWHU 6DOLQLW
HQYLURQPH ƒ& ZHOGLQJ DUF ZHOGLQJ RI IORZ \
QW FXUUHQW YROWDJH VSHHG SDVVHV UDWH SSP
$ 9 PPPLQ /PLQ
$LU       
7DSZDWHU       
6DOWZDWHU       

3
 

ICAMME
 2019 IOP Publishing

IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 653 (2019) 012039 doi:10.1088/1757-899X/653/1/012039



5HVXOWVDQGGLVFXVVLRQV

Weld bead appearance ,Q WKH DLU ZHOGHG MRLQW WKH JOREXODU PRGH RI PHWDO WUDQVIHU DFURVV KDV
WDNHQSODFHUHVXOWLQJLQODUJHGURSOHWVXVXDOO\ODUJHUWKDQWKHGLDPHWHURIWKHHOHFWURGH+HQFHEHDG
DSSHDUDQFHZDVJRRGLQGU\ZHOGLQJDVVKRZQLQILJXUHD,QWDSZDWHUDQGVDOWZDWHUZHOGLQJLV
FDUULHG RXW XQGHU WKH FRPELQHG HIIHFW RI VXUIDFH WHQVLRQ JUDYLW\ DQG WKH LQWHUDFWLRQ RI ZDWHU DQG
ZDWHU YDSRXU +HQFH D UHSHOOHG JOREXODU PRGH RI PHWDO WUDQVIHU KDV WDNHQ SODFH  7KH ZHOG SRRO LV
GLVWRUWHG DQG WKH VSDWWHULQJ RI PROWHQ PHWDO KDV WDNHQ SODFH GXH DQG KHQFH EHDG DSSHDUDQFH ZDV
FRPSDUDWLYHO\SRRUDVVKRZQLQILJXUHEDQG)LJXUHF



D E F

)LJXUH:HOGEHDGDSSHDUDQFHDDLUEWDSZDWHUDQGFVDOWZDWHU

Weld beadgeometry7KHWDSZDWHUDQGVDOWZDWHUZHOGVVHHPWREHZLGHUZLWKDVOLJKWO\KLJKHU
SHQHWUDWLRQ DQG KDYH ORZHU ZHOG UHLQIRUFHPHQW DV VKRZQ LQ )LJXUH  D WR )LJXUH  F 7KH
GLVVLPLODULW\RIWKHZHOGEHDGVKDSHLVGXHWRWKHH[LVWHQFHRISUHVVXUHRIZDWHUFROXPQDQGZDWHU
YDSRXUFRQYHFWLRQRIWKHZDWHUFXUUHQWDSDUWIURPWKHJUDYLW\IRUFHVXUIDFHWHQVLRQIRUFHDQGWKH
UHFRLO SUHVVXUHLQ WKH ZHOG SRRO,Q DGGLWLRQWKHGLIIHUHQWLDOFRROLQJUDWH RIWKHZHOGSRROLQHDFK
FDVH VHYHUHO\ LQIOXHQFHV WKH ZHOG EHDG JHRPHWU\ WKH ZHOG EHDG PLFURVWDWH DQG PHFKDQLFDO
SURSHUWLHV7KHLQFUHDVHLQZHOGZLGWKDQGSHQHWUDWLRQLVGXHWRLQFUHDVHGZHOGLQJSRZHULQSXWDQG
GHFUHDVHLQUHLQIRUFHPHQWLVGXHWROHVVHUWLPHDYDLODEOHIRUZHOGSRROLVWRVSUHDGRXWUHVXOWLQJIURP
WKHIDVWFRROLQJ6RPHZHOGLQJGHIHFWVOLNHVODJLQFOXVLRQSRURVLW\DQGXQGHUFXWVDUHDOVRREVHUYHG
LQWDSZDWHUDQGVDOWZDWHUZHOGEHDGDVVKRZQLQILJXUHEDQGILJXUHF


)LJXUH:HOGEHDGFURVVVHFWLRQRIDDLUMRLQWEWDSZDWHUMRLQWFVDOWZDWHUMRLQWDQGGDLU
MRLQWZLWKFRPSOHWHJHRPHWU\

3.3. Microstructure studies

)LJXUH  VKRZV WKH PLFURVWUXFWXUHV RI %0 EDVH PHWDO DQG WKH KHDW DIIHFWHG ]RQHV +$=V
FRUUHVSRQGLQJWRWKHWKUHHZHOGLQJHQYLURQPHQWVDLUVDOWZDWHUDQGWDSZDWHUUHVSHFWLYHO\


4
 

ICAMME
 2019 IOP Publishing

IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 653 (2019) 012039 doi:10.1088/1757-899X/653/1/012039



  

)LJXUH0LFURVWUXFWXUHVRID%0E+$=RIDLUMRLQWF+$=RIWDSZDWHUMRLQWDQGG+$=
RIVDOWZDWHUMRLQW

%0FRQVLVWVPRVWO\RIIHUULWHDQGVRPHSHDUOLWHPLFURVWUXFWXUHVZLWKOLJKWSKDVHEHLQJWKHIHUULWH
DDQGGDUNSKDVHSEHLQJSHDUOLWHDVVKRZQLQILJXUHD7KHPLFURVWUXFWXUDOFKDQJHVRIZHOGMRLQW
EDVHGRQWKHUDWHRIKHDWGLVVLSDWLRQIURPWKHIXVLRQ]RQH)=WRWKH%0+HQFHQHDUWKH)=FRDUVH
JUDLQDQGQHDUWKHXQDIIHFWHG%0UHILQHGJUDLQVWUXFWXUHVKDYHDSSHDUHGLQDOOWKHMRLQWV'XHWRVORZ
FRROLQJ UDWHV QHDU WKH IXVLRQ OLQH RI DLU ZHOGHG MRLQW HTXLD[HG JUDLQV KDYH DSSHDUHG ZLWK SHDUOLWH
ZLWKLQDIHUULWHPDWUL[VWUXFWXUH)XUWKHUGXHWRWKHYHU\IDVWFRROLQJUDWHQHDUWKHIXVLRQOLQHRIWDS
ZDWHUDQGVDOWZDWHUMRLQWVQRQHTXLOLEULXPWUDQVIRUPHGPLFURVWUXFWXUHVDUHREVHUYHG+$=ZLGWKVLV
PD[LPXPLQDLUZHOGHGMRLQWVDQGPLQLPXPLQWDSZDWHUZHOGHGMRLQWVDVDLUMRLQWXQGHUJRHVVORZHVW
KHDWGLVVLSDWLRQUDWHIURP)=WR%0DVVKRZQLQILJXUHEWRILJXUHG


Tensile strength ,QRUGHUWRFRPSDUHWKHWHQVLOHVWUHQJWKVL[VDPSOHVRI%0)LJXUHDDQG

WKH ZHOGHG MRLQW LQ DLU WDS ZDWHU DQG VDOW ZDWHU KDYH EHHQ FRQGXFWHG DW URRP WHPSHUDWXUH ,Q DLU
ZHOGHGMRLQWVPRVWRIWKHWHQVLOHVDPSOHVKDYHIUDFWXUHGLQWKHEDVHPHWDO]RQHZKHUHDVLQWDSZDWHU
DQG VDOW ZDWHU ZHOGHG MRLQWV WKH\ DUH IUDFWXUHG PRVWO\ LQ WKH ZHOG ]RQH DV VKRZQ LQ ILJXUH  E WR
ILJXUHG6XEVHTXHQWO\DLUZHOGHGMRLQWVKRZVKLJKHVW876XSWR03DDQGVDOWZDWHUZHOGHG
MRLQWVKRZVWKHORZHVW876XSWR03D7KHORZ876RIWDSZDWHUDQGVDOWZDWHUZHOGHGMRLQW
PD\EHGXHWRWKHSUHVHQFHRIXQGHUFXWSRURVLW\VODJLQFOXVLRQDQGLQFUHDVHLQK\GURJHQFRQWHQWDQG
R[\JHQFRQWHQWLQWKHZHOGV7KHWHQVLOHVDPSOHVRIEDVHPHWDOVKRZFXSFRQHIDLOXUHZKLOHDOOZHOGHG
MRLQWVVKRZEULWWOHIDLOXUH$OVRWKHKLJKHVWHORQJDWLRQKDVEHHQIRXQGLQDLUZHOGHGMRLQWXSWR
 ZKHUHDV WKH ORZHVW WHQVLOH HORQJDWLRQ SUHVHQWHG LQ VDOW ZDWHU MRLQW XS WR   876 DQG
GXFWLOLW\LQWHUPVRISHUFHQWHORQJDWLRQDUHGHWHUPLQHGDQGWKHGDWDKDYHEHHQSUHVHQWHGLQILJXUH
DDQGILJXUHE




)LJXUH%URNHQWUDQVYHUVHWHQVLOHWHVWVDPSOHVRID%0EDLUZHOGHGMRLQWFWDSZDWHUZHOGHG
MRLQWGVDOWZDWHUZHOGHGMRLQW


5
 

ICAMME
 2019 IOP Publishing

IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 653 (2019) 012039 doi:10.1088/1757-899X/653/1/012039





)LJXUHD8OWLPDWH7HQVLOH6WUHQJWKRIVDPSOHVZHOGHGLQGLIIHUHQWFRQGLWLRQV




)LJXUHE3HUFHQWDJHRIHORQJDWLRQVDPSOHVZHOGHGLQGLIIHUHQWFRQGLWLRQV

Impact strength &KDUS\ LPSDFW VWUHQJWK WHVWV DUH FRQGXFWHG DV SHU $670 ( DW URRP
WHPSHUDWXUHRIVL[VDPSOHVRI%0DQGIRUHDFKGLIIHUHQWZHOGHGMRLQW)LJXUHVKRZVWKHYDULDWLRQ
RIWKHLPSDFWVWUHQJWKRIWKHZHOGHGMRLQWVRIWKHGLIIHUHQWZRUNLQJHQYLURQPHQW$LUZHOGHGMRLQW
VKRZVKLJKHVWLPSDFWVWUHQJWKXSWR-DQGVDOWZDWHUZHOGHGMRLQWVKRZVWKHORZHVW876XS
WR  - 7KH ORZ LPSDFW VWUHQJWK RI WDS ZDWHU DQG VDOW ZDWHU ZHOGHG MRLQW LV PDLQO\ GXH WR WKH
SUHVHQFHRIVODJSRURVLW\DQGXQGHUFXWHWF

6
 

ICAMME
 2019 IOP Publishing

IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 653 (2019) 012039 doi:10.1088/1757-899X/653/1/012039





)LJXUH7KHLPSDFWVWUHQJWKRI%0DQGGLIIHUHQWZHOGHGMRLQWV


9LFNHUVPLFURKDUGQHVVGLVWULEXWLRQ

)LJXUHUHSUHVHQWVWKH9LFNHUVKDUGQHVVYDOXHVLQGHQWHUORDG1DORQJWKHOLQHDWWKHGLVWDQFHRI

PPIURPWKHIXVLRQ]RQHWRZDUGVWKHEDVHPHWDORIWKHFURVVVHFWLRQRIWKHZHOGHGMRLQW7KHYDOXH
RI PLFURKDUGQHVV YDOXH LV PRUH LQ WKH IXVLRQ ]RQH WKDQ WKH EDVH PHWDO LQ DOO WKH ZHOGHG FRQGLWLRQV
7KLV PD\EH GXHWRWKHILQH PLFURVWUXFWXUHLQ+$=7KHKLJKHVWPLFURKDUGQHVVYDOXH +9 LV
PHDVXUHGLQWKH$=RIWKHWDSZDWHUZHOGHGMRLQWDQGLWGHFUHDVHGXSWR+9DLUZHOGHGMRLQW
DW&*+$=FORVHWRWKHIXVLRQ]RQHZKHUHYHU\IDVWFRROLQJKDVRFFXUUHG




)LJXUH9LFNHUVKDUGQHVVGLVWULEXWLRQRIWKHMRLQWDWGLIIHUHQWZHOGLQJHQYLURQPHQW

 &RQFOXVLRQV

%DVHGRQWKHH[SHULPHQWDOUHVXOWVREWDLQHGIURPWKHGLIIHUHQWZHOGLQJFRQGLWLRQVXVLQJWKHDXWRPDWHG
ZHOGLQJVHWXSWKHIROORZLQJFRQFOXVLRQVKDYHEHHQGUDZQ

:LWK WKLV VHW XS PRUH XQLIRUP ZHOGLQJ FRXOG EH SRVVLEOH FRPSDUHG ZLWK PDQXDO DQG VHPL
DXWRPDWLFZHOGLQJV\VWHPEHFDXVHRIWKHYLVLELOLW\LVVXHDYHU\KLJKVNLOOHGZHOGHULVUHTXLUHGWRJHW
JRRGTXDOLW\RIZHOGHGMRLQW7KHJHQHUDOZHOGEHDGVL]HLVTXLWHGLVVLPLODUVLPLODULQDLUWDSZDWHU

7
 

ICAMME
 2019 IOP Publishing

IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 653 (2019) 012039 doi:10.1088/1757-899X/653/1/012039



DQGVDOWZDWHUZHOGHGMRLQWVIRUVDPHZHOGLQJSDUDPHWHUV7KHWDSZDWHUDQGVDOWZDWHUZHOGVVHHPWR
EH ZLGHU ZLWK VOLJKWO\ KLJKHU ZHOG SHQHWUDWLRQ DQG ORZHU UHLQIRUFHPHQW 7KH PD[LPXP 8OWLPDWH
7HQVLOH6WUHQJWKRIWKHVDPSOHVZHOGHGLQDWPRVSKHULFDLULV03DIRU$,6,VWHHOZKHUHDVIRU
WKHVDOWZDWHUZHOGHGVDPSOHWKHXWVLVWKHORZHVWXSWR03D7KHPD[LPXPHORQJDWLRQRIWKH
DLUZHOGHGMRLQWLVZKLOHWKHORZHVWYDOXHRFFXULHLQWKHVDOWZDWHUZHOGHGMRLQW7KH
DLUZHOGVKRZVWKHEHWWHULPSDFWSHUIRUPDQFHLHXSWR-DPRQJDOOWKHZHOGHGMRLQWVZKHUHDV
VDOWZDWHUZHOGVKRZVSRRULPSDFWSHUIRUPDQFHLHXSWR-

(TXLD[HGFU\VWDOPLFURVWUXFWXUHRISHDUOLWHZLWKLQDIHUULWHPDWUL[LVREVHUYHGLQDLUZHOGHGMRLQWV
'XHWRWKHUDSLGFRROLQJUDWHDQGVROLGLILFDWLRQRIWKHMRLQWLQWDSZDWHUDQGVDOWZDWHUHQYLURQPHQW
QRQHTXLOLEULXP WUDQVIRUPHG PLFURVWUXFWXUHV KDYH EHHQ REVHUYHG QHDU WKH IXVLRQ OLQH RI )= +$=
ZLGWKV DUH PD[LPXP LQ DLU ZHOGHG MRLQWV DQG OHVV LQ FDVH WDS ZDWHU ZHOGHG MRLQWV DV DLU MRLQW
XQGHUJRHVVORZHVWKHDWGLVVLSDWLRQUDWHIURP)=WR%0)RUDOPRVWDOOWKHZHOGHGMRLQWVWKHLQFUHDVHG
YDOXHRIPLFURKDUGQHVVLQWKHIXVLRQ]RQHWKDQWKHEDVHPHWDOKDVEHHQPHDVXUHG7KHKLJKHVWPLFUR
KDUGQHVVYDOXH+9 LVIRXQGLQWDSZDWHUZHOGHGMRLQWDQGLV+9DLUZHOGHGMRLQWDW
&*+$=FORVHWRWKHIXVLRQ]RQH6PDOOHUJUDLQVKDYHIRUPHGGXHWRWKHUDSLGVROLGLILFDWLRQLQ+$=
]RQHZKLFKFDXVHGLQFUHDVHGLQKDUGQHVVLQWKLVUHJLRQ$LUZHOGVJLYHWKHEHVWPHFKDQLFDOSURSHUWLHV
ZKLOH LW JHWV GHWHULRUDWHG LQ VDOW ZDWHU ZHOGHG MRLQW GXH WR GHIHFWV OLNH SRURVLW\ XQGHUFXW VODJ
LQFUHDVHLQK\GURJHQDQGR[\JHQFRQWHQWLQWKHZHOGV

5HIHUHQFHV

>@/DEDQRZVNL-Weld Int. ±

>@5RZH0'/LX6Sci Technol. Weld Join±

>@*XR1:DQJ05'X<3*XR:)HQJ-&Metallography, Microstructure, and 

Analysis±

>@6DQWRV950RQWHLUR0-5L]]R)&%UDFDUHQVH$42012 Weld J.±

>@5RZH0'/LX65H\QROGV7-Weld. J. ±

>@6DQWRV;50RQWHLUR0-5L]]R)&%UDFDUHQVH$43HVVRD(0DULQKR559LHLUD/$
Weld. J.±

>@)\GU\FK'6ZLHUF]\QVND$5RJDOVNL*Metall. Ital.±