CHEN101

Physical Chemistry 1 Fall 2020

Prof. Hanan ElSersy

Asc. Prof. Noura Fathy
Asc. Prof. Fatma Ibrahim
Eng. Ahmed Alaa
Eng. Shady Fahim
CHEN101 , fall 2020

• Lecture: Monday 9:11

• Tutorials: Monday 11:1
• Course Description
• This course provides an introduction to engineering
thermodynamics. Starting with the review of the terminology, the
course covers the application of the first and second law of
thermodynamics to non-flow and steady-flow processes.
Course Outlines

1. Learn about thermodynamic systems and boundaries

2. Study the basic laws of thermodynamics including
- Conservation of mass
- Conservation of energy or first law of thermodynamics
- Second law of thermodynamics
- Third law of thermodynamics
Course Outlines

3. Understand various forms of energy including heat transfer

and work

4. Identify various type of properties (e.g., extensive and

intensive properties)

5. Use tables, equations, and charts, in evaluation of

thermodynamic properties.
Course Outlines

6. Understand the PVT relations for ideal & real systems.

7. Apply 1st law of thermodynamics to reactive systems.

8. Apply conservation of mass, first law, and second law

in thermodynamic analysis of systems (e.g., turbines,
pumps, compressors, heat exchangers, etc.)
 References
• Cengel Y. et.el., “Fundamentals of Thermal-fluid Science”, 5th. Ed., 2016

• Dahm K., Visco D., “Fundamentals of Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics”, 2nd.

Ed., 2014

• Kayansayan N., “Thermodynamics Principles & Applications”, 2nd. Ed., 2013

• Cengel Y., Boles M., “Thermodynamics: An Engineering Approach”, 5th. Ed., 2006.

• Smith J. et. el., “Introduction to Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics”, 7th. Ed.,

2001
Course schedule
Week Lecture Tutorial Instructor

1 Introduction H Dr Hanan

2 Properties of Pure Substances Dr Noura

3 Properties of Pure Substances Dr Noura Online

4 Properties of Pure Substances Dr Noura On Campus
5 1st law for closed system Quiz 1 Dr Noura
6 1st law for closed system Dr Noura
7 1st law for open system Quiz 2 Dr Noura
8 Mid Term
9 Heat Effects Dr Fatma
10 2nd law (closed system) Dr Fatma
11 2nd law (closed system) Quiz 3 Dr Fatma
12 2nd law (open system) Dr Fatma
13 Thermodynamic analysis Quiz 4 Dr Hanan
 Grading Policy

Total Grade 100

Final exam 40
M.T 20 no make-up
Quizzes 30 4 quizzes will be held, only 3 quizzes
will be considered
Y.W.G 60
Tut 5
Online 5
quizzes
Physical Chemistry

Physics: the basic science which deals with energy and

its transformations.
Chemistry: the basic science which deals with mass
and its transformations.
• Physical chemistry:
Is the science which deals with interaction between
mass and energy.
Branches of Physical Chemistry, and
Related Topics

1. Different forms of mass

Gases, Liquids, Solids, solutions (phase equilibrium)
2. Different forms of energy and dynamics of energy
Thermodynamics (will be included in details during this
course)
3. Some conventional interaction between mass and
energy
Chemical kinetics , Chemical equilibrium
Electro chemistry.
Introduction

• Thermodynamics can be defined as the science of

energy.
• The name thermodynamics stems from the Greek words
therme (heat) and dynamis (power)
 Introduction

• The first law of thermodynamics

is simply an expression of the
conservation of energy principle.
Introduction

• The second law of thermodynamics

asserts that energy has quality as well as
quantity, and actual processes occur in
the direction of decreasing quality of
energy.

•
Thermodynamics in our life

• All activities in nature involve some

interaction between energy and matter;
thus, it is hard to imagine an area that does
not relate to thermodynamics in some
manner.
• Like: heating and air-conditioning systems,
the refrigerator, the humidifier, the
pressure cooker, the water heater..etc.
Thermodynamics in our life

• On a larger scale, thermodynamics plays a major part in the

design and analysis of:

- Conventional or nuclear power plants,

- Solar collectors

- The design of vehicles from ordinary cars to airplanes

 Basic Definitions
• A system is defined as a quantity of matter or a
region in space chosen for study.
• The mass or region outside the system is called
the surroundings.
• The real or imaginary surface that separates the
system from its surroundings is called the
boundary.
 Basic Definitions

• Systems can be classified into:

- A closed system: (also known as a
control mass) consists of a fixed amount
of mass, and no mass can cross its
boundary.
 Basic Definitions

• An open system: (also known as a

control volume) It usually encloses a
device that involves
mass flow such as a compressor,
turbine, or nozzle.

• An isolated system: no M.T or energy

transfer.
Open, Closed, Isolated
Systems
 Basic Definitions

• Properties are considered to be either intensive or

extensive.

• Intensive properties are those that are independent

of the mass of a system, such as temperature,
pressure, and density.

• Extensive properties are those whose values depend

on the size—or extent—of the system.
Basic Definitions

• The word equilibrium implies a state of balance. In an

equilibrium state there are no unbalanced potentials (or
driving forces) within the system.
• A system in equilibrium experiences no changes when it
is isolated from its surroundings.
Basic Definitions

• Path property: depends on the

path history of the process (W,Q)

• State property: depends only on

the initial and final state of the
process (P, T, …)
Thermodynamic process

• A system is said to be at steady state

if none of its properties changes with
time.
• A thermodynamic cycle is a sequence
of processes that begins and ends at
the same state.
Types of processes

• Isothermal: occurs at cont. T

• Isobaric: occurs at const. p

• Isochoric: occurs at const. V

• Adiabatic: no heat transfers to the surroundings

• Isentropic: occurs at const. S (entropy)

 Types of processes

• Reversible: any infinitesimal change

bring the process back to its initial
state

• Irreversible: the process can’t be

brought back to its initial state by
infinitesimal change.
 Forms of energy
• Potential energy

- The energy an object posses due to its position above an

arbitrary plane.

- P.E = mgz

• Kinetic energy

- The energy an object posses due to its motion.

- K.E = ½ mv2
Forms of energy

• Internal energy (U)

- The total energy a substance posses as a result of the
rotational & vibrational motion of the molecules.
- It is a thermodynamic property
- Its absolute value can’t be calculated
- It is called a state property.
Forms of energy

• Work (W)

- Force acting through a distance.

- dW = P.A. dL= PA (dVt/A)= PdVt

- It is called Path property. Used to change a fluid volume.

- Total amount of work (W) = - ʃ PdVt

Forms of energy

• Heat (Q)

- Energy transferred due to the temperature difference

between two bodies.

- Path property.
Thank you